Polymers in daily lifePolymers in daily life身の回りの高分子身の回りの高分子

T. Thimma ReddyT. Thimma ReddyInstitute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu UniverInstitute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu Universitysity

Hakozaki, HigashiHakozaki, Higashi--kuku, Fukuoka 812, Fukuoka 812--8581, JAPAN.8581, JAPAN.

What is an atom?What is an atom?原子って何原子って何

Atoms are basic building blocks of everything you can see around you. （原子は皆さんの周りのすべてのものを構成している）

Many things you cannot see, for example air that you breath.Atoms are so small that there are millions, billions and trillions in the tiniest speck you can see. Solids, liquids and gasses –all matter（物質）-are made up of atoms.

What is a Molecule?分子って何

Molecules are made up of atoms. 分子は原子から構成されています

atoms can join together they form bonds together- to make molecules. For example two atoms of hydrogen hook together To form a molecule of hydrogen.

Now if we stick an oxygen atom in between two hydrogens, you have a molecule of water酸素原子が２個の水素原子と結合すると水分子になります。

What is a POLYMER?高分子って何

Large organic molecule formed by combining many smaller molecules (monomers) in a regular pattern.モノマーという小さな分子が連結した大きな有機分子

A long molecule that is made up of a chain of many small repeated units (monomers).Long chains of covalently bonded atoms共有結合で結合した長い分子の鎖

schematic representation of a polymer高分子をモデル的に示すと

Difference between polymer and low Difference between polymer and low molecular weight compoundsmolecular weight compounds低分子と高分子の違い低分子と高分子の違い

Low molecular weight compundsLow molecular weight compundsfreely soluble in solventsfreely soluble in solvents（溶媒に容易に溶解）（溶媒に容易に溶解）solution has less viscoussolution has less viscous（溶液の粘度が低い）（溶液の粘度が低い）

Examples: sodium chlorideExamples: sodium chloride（塩化ナトリウム）（塩化ナトリウム）, vitamins, vitamins（（ビタミン）ビタミン） etc.etc.

Polymers or high molecular weight compundsPolymers or high molecular weight compundsswell before dissolutionswell before dissolution（溶媒にさらすと溶解する前に膨（溶媒にさらすと溶解する前に膨

潤する）潤する）Posses high viscousPosses high viscous（高い溶液粘度）（高い溶液粘度）Examples: Examples: PEPE（ポリエチレン（ポリエチレン）、）、PVAPVA（ポリビニルアルコー（ポリビニルアルコー

ルル））, PMMA, PMMA（ポリメタクリル酸メチル）（ポリメタクリル酸メチル）, PET , PET （ポリエチレンテ（ポリエチレンテレフタレート）レフタレート）etc.etc.

What are polymers?高分子ってどんな性質

Polymers are substances. These substances are either in liquid or solid forms.(高分子は液体か固体状態である。）

Polymers are available in this world since beginning. Means polymers are not new They are very old.（高分子は古代から使われてきている）

For example starch, cellulose and rubber all posses polymeric properties and are available since beginning of nature.（デンプン、セルロース、ゴムは古来から使われてきた。）

Man made polymers have been studied since 1832. Today polymer industries growing more than aluminium, copper and steel industries combined.（合成高分子は1832年から研究されている。現在、高分子工業は金属工業よりも発展している。）

Types of polymersTypes of polymers

NaturalNatural（天然高分子）（天然高分子）

CelluloseCellulose（セルロース（セルロース））

StarchStarch（デンプン）（デンプン）

ProteinsProteins（タンパク質）（タンパク質）

SyntheticSynthetic（合成高分子）（合成高分子）

PS, PET, PE, Nylon, PMMA, PHEMA.PS, PET, PE, Nylon, PMMA, PHEMA.

Difference between natural and Difference between natural and synthetic polymerssynthetic polymers

天然高分子と合成高分子の違い天然高分子と合成高分子の違いNaturalNatural

They are degradableThey are degradable（分解性である）（分解性である）They are not processableThey are not processable（加工性が悪い）（加工性が悪い）They posses poor mechanical strengthThey posses poor mechanical strength

SyntheticSyntheticThey are non degradableThey are non degradable（一般に分解性が低（一般に分解性が低

い）い）They are processableThey are processable（加工性がよい）（加工性がよい）They posses good mechanical strength.They posses good mechanical strength.（優れ（優れ

た力学的な特性を示す）た力学的な特性を示す）

Classification of polymersClassification of polymers高分子の分類高分子の分類

PlasticsPlastics（プラスチック）（プラスチック）

RubbersRubbers（ラバー、ゴム）（ラバー、ゴム）

FibersFibers（繊維）（繊維）

PaintsPaints（塗料）（塗料）

ThermoplasticsThermoplastics熱可塑性高分子熱可塑性高分子

Plastics at homePlastics at home（家庭の中での例）（家庭の中での例）

carry bags, containers, jars, insulators, carry bags, containers, jars, insulators, nonsticky pans, soft drink bottles, matrices, nonsticky pans, soft drink bottles, matrices, tooth brush and paste etc.tooth brush and paste etc.

How polymer articles will be How polymer articles will be preparedprepared

どのようにして高分子は加工されるかどのようにして高分子は加工されるか

There are four main techniquesThere are four main techniquesInjection moldingInjection molding（射出成形）（射出成形）

Extrusion moldingExtrusion molding（押出成形）（押出成形）

Blow moldingBlow molding（中空成形）（中空成形）

Compression moldingCompression molding（圧縮成形）（圧縮成形）

Injection moldingInjection molding射出成形射出成形

Blow moldingBlow molding中空成形中空成形

RubbersRubbersラバー（ゴム）ラバー（ゴム）

Latex is a milky white fluid extracted from bark of trees.（ラッテクスは木の皮からとれる乳白色の液体である）

It could form a solid that was elastic（ラッテックスから作られるゴムは弾性を示す。）

If you rubbed it on penciled words, the writing would disappear, so it is named as rubber. This rubber become hard and brittle when it got cooled, a sticky mess when it got too warm.But when we heat rubber with sulfur would remain elastic at wide range of temperatures.Carriages, cars, trucks, and busses traveled billions of miles on tires made of v-rubber.

A rubber tree plantation in southern A rubber tree plantation in southern INDIAINDIA

南インドのゴムの木のプランテーション南インドのゴムの木のプランテーション

New cut is made each nightNew cut is made each night

Latex flow beginsLatex flow beginsラテックスが流れ始めるラテックスが流れ始める

Latex flow towards collection cupLatex flow towards collection cup液状ラテックスを容器に集める液状ラテックスを容器に集める

Latex coagulation with dilute acidLatex coagulation with dilute acid希釈された酸でラテックスを凝固する希釈された酸でラテックスを凝固する

Water is rolled out of the rubberWater is rolled out of the rubber生ゴムから水を絞り出す生ゴムから水を絞り出す

Fresh and smoked sheet of raw rubberFresh and smoked sheet of raw rubber生ゴムとその燻製物生ゴムとその燻製物

TajmahalTajmahal, India., India.

FibersFibers繊維繊維

Fibers are polymer like tiny little rods or tubes- 100 times longer than its diameter繊維は半径よりも直径が著しく大きな高分子の集合体

Any fiber that you can think of is a polymer.If it’s a metal, its called a wire not a fiberFibers can be natural- from plant or animals, or synthetic made by people.

cellulose woolcotton

Nylon parachutesNylon parachutesナイロンパラシュートナイロンパラシュート

Paints or coatinPaints or coatingg塗料とコーティング塗料とコーティング

Painting makes the product look beautiful and Painting makes the product look beautiful and also protect from the corrosionalso protect from the corrosion（錆、腐食）（錆、腐食）..Paints to homes, buildings and class room Paints to homes, buildings and class room walls etc. walls etc. It also helps to clean easilyIt also helps to clean easily

Blue city, India.Blue city, India.

Applications of polymers高分子の応用例

Agriculture and agribusiness（農業）Super absorbent polymers （オムツなどの超吸水性高分子）Polymeric substances are used in and on soil To improve aeration (supply of moisture)To provide mulch (to stop growing unwanted plants)To promote plant growth and health.

MedicineMany biomaterials, especially heart valve replacements, Blood vessels are made of polymers like Teflon and Polyurethane. Contact lenses (PHEMA, Contact lenses (PHEMA, hydrogelhydrogel))Baby napkinsBaby napkins

CosmeticsCosmetics化粧品化粧品

Cosmetic and personal care lotions, creams, Cosmetic and personal care lotions, creams, sticks, etc. sticks, etc. Useful Useful in skin care, sun care, color care and in skin care, sun care, color care and hair care applications hair care applications

Consumer science消費者の科学

Plastic containers of all shapes and sizes are made with polymer substances.Clothing, floor coverings, garbage disposal bags and Packaging etc ..They are light weight and less expensive

Industry工業的応用

Automobile parts, handsets, windshileds for fighter planes, pipes, tanks, packing materials, Insulation, wood substitutes, Adhesives, matrix for composites, and elastomers.

Sportsスポーツ用品

Playground equipment, various balls, golf clubs, swimming pools, protective helmets.

Food食品

Many natural polymers are present in our foodFor example soups, ice creams contains polysacharide polymers such as starch, guar etc. Cow’s milk is loaded with the polymer casein, a protein without this casein (polymer) cheese will be non-sticky

Lotus temple, IndiaLotus temple, India

Polymer recyclingPolymer recycling高分子のリサイクル高分子のリサイクル

Most polymers will last a long, long, long, long time. That's good - especially if you use them to make clothes, jars, even chairs.But it's bad when polymers get thrown away.It's important to recycle the polymers that we can, like drink bottles, so that our landfills don't get filled up so fast.

Continue recyclingContinue recyclingリサイクルを続けるとリサイクルを続けると

• Recycling gives new life to the things we use. It can conserve valuable resources: landfill space, energy, raw materials.

What’s so great about polymers ?高分子のどこが素晴らしいのか？

• Why would we want to use polymers to make stuff? What about other materials, like wood, metal, glass, or ceramics?

• Let's pretend that you own a company that makes apple juice. What would you use to make the bottles - metal, plastic, or glass?

Most of the polymers have the following Most of the polymers have the following propertiesproperties

多くの高分子は次のような性質を持っている多くの高分子は次のような性質を持っているLighterHarder to breakLong lasting RecyclableEasier to form into shapesCheaper（1kg １００－５００円)

By choosing the right kind of polymer, our product can be soft or hard, flexible or stiff, or most anything we want

Strength of the polymers高分子の強さ

• We keep stretching the sample, increasing the stress (the force/area) until - snap! - it breaks. How much stress could it take? The stress needed to break the sample is the tensile strength of the material

Strength of single polymer chain is higher than that of steel一本の高分子の強さは鉄よりも強い

Varieties of shoesVarieties of shoes様々な靴様々な靴

Pool Palace

Hot tub Swimming pool lining with PVC

Skate board

ToysToys

Sporting stuff

Auto parts

Recordings

Music shop

Food stuffFood stuff

Polymers in medical fieldPolymers in medical field医学分野での高分子医学分野での高分子

Drug delivery Drug delivery （薬剤の徐放）（薬剤の徐放）

Tissue sealantsTissue sealants （組織接着剤）（組織接着剤）

Wound dressingWound dressing （創傷被覆）（創傷被覆）

Drug delivery from environmentally sensitive release systems環境に応答する薬剤放出

SUMMAYSUMMAY（まとめ）（まとめ）

Polymers are basic part of our daily lives they Polymers are basic part of our daily lives they comprise the pipes and wires we used to get ready comprise the pipes and wires we used to get ready this morning.this morning.The sheets and blankets that kept us warm last night.The sheets and blankets that kept us warm last night.Socks and shoes that protect our feet. Socks and shoes that protect our feet. Polymer coatings play huge role in protecting the Polymer coatings play huge role in protecting the homes, buildings and class room walls etc.homes, buildings and class room walls etc.Polymers entered in to biomedical field and solving Polymers entered in to biomedical field and solving many problems. many problems.

AcknowledgmentsAcknowledgments 謝辞謝辞

• I am grateful to Japan society for the promotion of science (JSPS) for financial support as well as giving me an opportunity to deliver this lecture today.

Thank you

Traditional dresses in India.Traditional dresses in India.

Temples, India.Temples, India.