流行性感冒簡稱流感，是一種高傳染性病毒引致呼吸道感染的疾病，當中的

甲型流感 H1N1 等流行性感冒是傳染性極高的急性呼吸道疾病，可引致肺炎、

器官衰竭等併發症，甚至死亡，一旦在辦公室爆發流感可造成大規模的傳染

風險。因此，我們需充分認識流行性感冒，了解相關資料，包括病徵、傳播

途徑以及治理方法等，並採取有效的預防方法。

Influenza, also known as flu, is a highly contagious respiratory disease. Influenza A (H1N1), for example, is an acute respiratory illness which is highly infectious. It may lead to complications such as pneumonia, organ failure, or even death. An outbreak of flu at the workplace may increase epidemic risks. Therefore, we need to fully understand influenza and know more about the symptoms, mode of transmission, treatment and other relevant information while taking effective precautions.

INTr

od

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IoN

辦公室預防流行性感冒Prevention of Influenza at Workplace

流行性感冒基本知識Basic understanding of influenza

類型 Types已知的流感病毒有三種類型，分別是：甲型、乙型和丙型。一般而言，在本港最普遍的流感多

為甲型H1N1及H3N2。當中，甲型（H1N1）pdm09流感病毒現已成為本港引致季節性流感的病毒株之一。流感病毒會不時衍生新品種。每年，流感病毒抗原漂移的出現（輕微改變）會產生新病毒

品種。There are three types of influenza viruses identified, namely, A, B and C. Generally, the most common types found in Hong Kong are influenza A H1N1 and H3N2. Influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 virus has now become one of the seasonal influenza strains in Hong Kong. New subtype variants appear from time to time and at irregular intervals. Antigenic drifts (minor changes) of influenza viruses lead to the emergence of new viral strains every year.

期

Issue

Sedentary and Professional Services Safety and Health Bulletin

安全健康通訊2016年10月 October 2016

病徵 Symptoms患者可能會發燒、咳

嗽、喉嚨痛、流鼻水、

肌肉痛、疲倦和頭痛；

亦可能出現嘔吐和腹瀉

等。咳嗽多是嚴重和持

續時間較長，但發燒和

其他病徵一般會在 5-7天內自行減退。健康人士

患上流感後，通常會於

2-7天內自行痊癒。然而，免疫力較低的人士或長者一旦染上流感，可以是嚴重的疾病，

並可能會出現支氣管炎或肺炎等併發症，甚

至死亡。Patients may have fever, cough, sore throat, runny nose, muscle pain, fatigue and headache; some may also have vomiting and diarrhoea. Cough is often severe and prolonged but fever and other symptoms generally resolve in 5-7 days. For healthy individuals, influenza is usually self-limiting with recovery in 2-7 days. However, influenza can be a serious illness to the weak and frail or elderly people, and may be complicated by bronchitis, chest infection or even death.

潛伏期及傳染期 Incubation and Infectious periods流感的潛伏期一般約為 1-4天。患者可在病發前約1天至病發後5-7天內感染他人，而幼兒或免疫功能嚴重受損人士的傳染期甚至會更長。The incubation period of flu is usually around 1-4 days. Infected persons may pass the viruses to other people 1 day before and up to 5-7 days after they develop symptoms. The period may be even longer in young children or severely immunocompromised persons.

傳播途徑 Mode of transmission患者可能在病徵出現前便把病毒傳染他人，

包括：Patients may pass the viruses to other people before they develop symptoms:

• 由感染個體經咳嗽和打噴嚏時噴出的飛沫散播病毒；Influenza viruses spread through droplets generated by coughing and sneezing;

• 透過接觸帶有流感病毒的物品後，觸摸口、鼻、眼睛經黏膜進入人體而受感染People may be infected by touching surfaces contaminated with the virus, then touching the mucosal membranes (mouth, nose or eyes);

• 人類與染病活禽鳥或豬隻近距離接觸，亦有可能感染到某些種類的禽流感病毒或豬型流

感病毒People may be infected with certain types of avian or swine flu viruses through close contact with infected live birds or pigs

可引起的併發症 Possible complication 患病者的病情輕重不一，嚴重者可能引起併發

症導致死亡，其中的併發症有：Conditions of infection may vary. Those in serious condition may suffer from complications or even death, including:

• 支氣管炎、肺炎；Bronchitis, pneumonia;

• 慢性疾病惡化，如﹕充血性心臟衰竭、哮喘、糖尿病等；Deteriorating chronic diseases, such as congestive heart failure, asthma, diabetes, etc;

• 兒童或會出現鼻竇疾病和耳部感染Sinus disease and ear infection may be caused among children

患者應採取的措施 Actions should be taken by patients• 若出現流感病徵，切勿上班或上學

Refrain from work or school when having symptoms of influenza

• 充足休息和多喝水；如果病徵持續或惡化，應立即求診Have adequate rest and drink plenty of water; Seek medical advice if symptoms persist or deteriorate

• 患者應定時檢查體溫，如要服用退燒藥，則應按藥物包裝標籤指示或醫生囑咐服用Patients should check their body temperature regularly and take fever-lowering medicine (if necessary) according to label directions or as instructed by the doctor

• 抗生素是治療細菌感染而非病毒感染的藥物，服用抗生素不能治愈流感或加快痊癒Antibiotics which target bacterial infection but not viral infection will not cure influenza or make recovery faster

• 抗病毒劑能減輕病情和縮短患病時間，但必須經由醫生處方才可服用Antiviral agents may reduce severity and duration of illness but must be used under doctor’s prescription

肌肉疼痛、疲倦

頭痛、發燒Headache, fever

Runny nose

Cough, sore throat

Vomiting, diarrhoea

Muscle pain, fatique

腹瀉、嘔吐

咳嗽、喉嚨痛

流鼻水

要有效防止流行性感冒在工作間發生大規模的傳染，僱主及僱員可以透過採取

以下措施來減低流感爆發的風險，包括：To prevent influenza epidemics at the workplace, both employers and employees can take the following risk control measures:

預防措施Preventive measures

2. 良好通風 Good ventilation✔為工作地點提供足夠鮮風（一般情況下，

鮮風量應保持每人最少每分鐘0.5立方米）Provide enough fresh air to the workplace (fresh air intake should typically be kept at least 0.5 cubic meters/minute)

✔定期安排清潔及消毒空調系統，包括清

潔隔塵網、冷氣槽及冷卻水塔等Schedule regular cleaning and disinfection of air conditioning systems, including dust filters, air ducts and cooling towers

✔如有使用濕潤器，亦應定期清潔，以免

細菌滋生If humidifiers are used, they should be cleaned regularly to prevent bacterial growth

✔應注意空調系統的鮮風入

口會否接近一些污染物的

來源，如有需要，應考慮

加強過濾，甚至更改鮮風

入口位置If the air handling unit of a conditioning system is close to some pollutant sources, additional filtration or air inlet relocation should be considered

3. 行政措施 Administrative measures

✔為高危員工接種流感疫苗，如懷孕員工Provide influenza vaccination for susceptible employees, e.g. pregnant staff

✔為員工提供預防流感的訓練Provide training for employees regarding influenza prevention

✔制定預防流感及個人衛生指引，並要求

員工遵守Develop a guideline for influenza prevention and personal hygiene for employees

漂白水與清水比例 ratio of bleach and water

用途usage

1:99（濃度concentration 500 ppm） 日常環境清潔Daily cleaning

1:49 （濃度concentration 1000 ppm）

為嘔吐物、排泄物或分泌污染

的地方或物件消毒

Sterilizing places or objects contaminated with vomit, excreta or secretions

1:4 （濃度concentration 10000 ppm）為血液污染的地方或物件消毒

Sterilizing places or objects contaminated with blood

1. 保持清潔衛生 Keep clean and hygienic

✔定期清潔通道、地面、門口、走火通道、

天花、牆壁、窗口、工作枱、工具、櫃架

及儲物地方等。較隱閉的地方，如牆

角、柱位及枱底等亦要定期打掃Clean passageways, floor, door, fire escapes, ceilings, walls, windows, tables, tools, cabinets, storage and other places regularly. More hidden places, such as corners of walls, beam columns and table bottoms, should also be cleaned regularly

✔共用的設施（例如電梯掣及門掣）必須經常

消毒Shared facilities (such as elevator and door buttons) should be sterilized frequently

✔提供足夠洗手及消毒設備，並備有足夠數

量的口罩及其他防護設備，供有需要的員

工使用Provide adequate handwashing and disinfecting facilities, surgical masks and other protective equipment for employees

✔提供有蓋垃圾箱以棄置口罩及紙巾等廢

物，定期清理Provide and regularly clean lidded rubbish bins for disposal of masks and soiled tissue paper

✔廁所應每天清潔及消毒，每天檢查 並補充衛生紙、抹手紙及梘液等用品Toilets should be cleaned and sterilized every day. Check and refill tissue paper, paper towels, liquid soap and other necessities every day

www.oshc.org.hk

✔制定緊急應變計劃以妥善

應付員工於工作時出現流

感徵狀，或社區出現流感

大流行等突發情況Formulate a contingency plan to better cope with employees developing flu symptoms, any outbreak in community or any other unexpected situations

✔設立機制鼓勵員工報告衛

生問題，令問題得以盡快

處理Establish a mechanism to encourage employees to report hygiene issues so that they can be handled promptly

✔定期監察及檢討各項預防

流感措施的成效，如發現有任何不足之

處，應盡快改善Monitor and review the effectiveness of influenza preventive measures and improve in a timely manner

✔於流感高峰期設立監察機制，如為員工

探熱及留意員工是否有出現流感徵狀Establish a monitoring mechanism for flu seasons, e.g. measure body temperature and pay attention to employees developing flu symptoms

4. 保持良好個人衞生習慣 Maintain good personal hygiene

✔保持均衡飲食、恆常運動及充足休息，

不要吸煙及適當舒緩生活壓力Have a balanced diet, regular exercise and adequate rest. Avoid smoking and relieve stress properly

✔勤潔手，特別在觸摸口、鼻或眼之前，

或觸摸扶手、門把等公共設施後Wash hands before touching the mouth, nose or eyes, or after touching any public facilities such as handrail or door handle

✔使用梘液和清水以正確方法洗手，當雙

手沒有明顯污垢時，可用含 70% 至 80% 酒精之搓手液潔淨雙手Wash your hands properly with liquid soap and water. 70% to 80% alcohol-based handrub is also effective when your hands are not visibly soiled

✔如出現呼吸道感染病徵，應佩戴口罩Wear surgical masks if you have respiratory symptoms

✔咳嗽或打噴嚏時，要用紙巾掩住

口鼻，並將紙巾棄於有蓋垃圾桶

內，之後應徹底洗手Cover your mouth and nose with tissue paper when coughing or sneezing, and properly dispose of soiled tissue into a lidded rubbish bin. Wash your hands thoroughly afterwards

✔盡量避免用手接觸眼睛、鼻及口Avoid touching the eyes, nose and mouth by hand

✔在流感高峰期，避免前往人多擠

逼或空氣流通欠佳的公眾地方；

高危人士在這些地方逗留時可考

慮佩戴口罩High risk persons may consider wearing a surgical mask when in crowded or poorly ventilated public places

5. 季節性流感疫苗接種 Seasonal flu vaccination

✔疫苗能安全和有效地預防季

節性流感及其併發症Vaccine can prevent seasonal influenza and its complications safely and effectively

✔健康人士亦有機會患上嚴重

流感，為保障個人健康，建

議向家庭醫生查詢有關接種

季節性流感疫苗的詳情。一

般建議在每年秋季接種流感疫苗，接種

疫苗後約兩星期體內便會產生足夠抗體

對抗流感Healthy individuals can also be infected with serious flu. To protect your health, you are advised to consult your family doctor on seasonal flu vaccination. It is recommended

that vaccination is received in autumn. A sufficient amount of antibodies are developed around two weeks after vaccination

掌心及手背交替清潔

旋轉磨擦指尖及手指

十指交錯磨擦指罅

洗手方法注意事項

Hand-washing guide

Price Quiz

文職及專業服務業安全及健康委員會委員名單 （2016﹣2019）Sedentary and Professional Services Safety and Health Committee Membership List (2016-2019)

有獎問答遊戲 Quiz：

第46期文職及專業服務業安全及健康通訊Issue no.46 – Sedentary and Professional Services Safety and Health Bulletin

答案Answer: 1. C 2. C 3.A

得獎者Winners:

鄧偉文，CHU LAI KI，王麗珊，邱金珍，郭同森

恭喜以上各得獎者，得獎者將獲專函通知領獎事宜。Congratulations to the above winners, winners will be notified separately.

為有效預防流行性感冒在辦公室爆發，僱主及僱員之間需要互

相合作，僱主必須確保工作間的衛生，並執行預防流感的措

施，以保障僱員的健康；而僱員亦必須與僱主合作，保持良好

的個人衛生，以防止在工作間內散播流感。To prevent an influenza outbreak at the workplace, employers must work together with their employees, ensuring workplace hygiene and implementing measures to protect health. Employees must cooperate with employers by maintaining personal hygiene and preventing the spread of influenza at workplace.

總結Conclusion

職安熱線 OSH Hotline：2739 9000

職安局已委任 2016-19年屆度行業委員會的主席和委員，期望文職及專業服務業安全及健康委員會在主席及委員的領導及積極參與下，業界的職安健水平將持續提升。

OSHC has appointed the Chairman and the members for committee 2016-19. With the leadership and active participation of the Chairman and members of the Sedentary and Professional Services Safety and Health Committee, the industry’s OSH standard is expected to be enhanced.

主席 Chairman

徐益謙先生 Mr TSUI Yick Him Mike 香港銀行華員會 Chinese Bankers Club, Hong Kong

副主席 Vice-Chairman

羅智豪先生 Mr LAW Chi Ho 香港文職及專業人員總會 Hong Kong Clerical and Professional Employees General Union

委員 Members

曾育芬女士 Ms TSANG Yuk Fan 公務員事務局 Civil Service Bureau

李志明先生 Mr LI Chi Ming David 香港人力資源管理學會 Hong Kong Institute of Human Resource Management

柯嘉倫博士 Dr OR Ka Lun 香港人類工效學學會 The Hong Kong Ergonomics Society

李慧芬女士 Ms LEE Wai Fun Stella 香港中華廠商聯合會 The Chinese Manufacturers’ Association of Hong Kong

吳偉毅先生 Mr NG Wai Ngai Ringo 香港中華總商會 The Chinese General Chamber of Commerce

徐繼堯先生 Mr TSUI Kai Yiu 香港文職人員總會Hong Kong Clerical Employees General Union

郭昶先生 Mr KWOK Chong 香港地產代理專業協會 Society of Hong Kong Real Estate Agents Ltd

謝順禮先生 Mr TSE Shun Lai Calvin 香港地產代理商總會 Hong Kong Real Estate Agencies General Association

鄧家坤先生 Mr TANG Ka Kwan 香港洋務工會 Hong Kong Union of Chinese Workers in Western Style Employment

張利敏女士 Ms CHEUNG Ronnie Lee Man 香港保險業總工會 Hong Kong Insurance Practitioners General Union

丘振雄先生 Mr YAU Chun Hung Jonathan 香港保險業聯會 The Hong Kong Federation of Insurers

何靜君女士 Ms HO Ching Kwan Tammy 香港華商銀行公會有限公司 The Chinese Banks’ Association Ltd

黃浩然先生 Mr Lawrence WONG 香港僱主聯合會 Employers’ Federation of Hong Kong

劉穎子女士 Ms LAU Wing Chi Anna 香港銀行業僱員協會 Hong Kong Banking Employees Association

陳淑嫻女士 Ms CHAN Shuk Han Christina 香港總商會 The Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce

姚志勤先生 Mr YIU Chi Kan 高級公務員評議會（職方）Senior Civil Service Council (Staff Side)

蘇建雄先生 Mr SO Kin Hung 勞工處 Labour Department

Price Quiz

免費訂閱表格Free Subscription Form

1. 流行性感冒的潛伏期一般約為: How long is the typical incubation period for influenza?

A. 1至4天 1 to 4 days B. 10至15天 10-15 days C. 1個月 1 month

2. 為工作地點提供足夠鮮風，一般情況下鮮風量應保持每人最少為 :

What is the least amount of fresh air intake that should be kept for providing enough fresh air to the workplace?

A. 每分鐘0.1立方米 0.1 cubic meters/minute B. 每分鐘0.5立方米 0.5 cubic meters/minute C. 每分鐘1.0立方米 1.0 cubic meters/minute

3. 根據衛生防護中心的建議，一般在每年甚麼時份接種季節性流感疫苗 ?

According to the centre for Health Protection, what time of the year should you receive seasonal flu vaccination?

A. 春季 Spring B. 秋季 Autumn C. 冬季 Winter

請 3出正確答案及填妥下列表格，遞交至本局辦事處。截止日期：2016 年 12 月 30 日。

Please 3 the correct answers, fill in the following form and submit to the council. closing date: 30/12/2016. (傳真 fax: 3106 0263)

姓名 Name

必須與香港身份證姓名相同 As appeared on HK Identity Card

香港身份證號碼HK Identity Card No.

只須填寫首四個號碼， 例如：A123XXX(X)HK Identity Card No. (First 4 digits),e.g.: A123XXX(X)

地址 Address

聯絡電話Contact Tel. No

所有資料將於活動結束後銷毀。Data will be destroyed after completion of the activity.

參加細則1.歡迎年滿15歲或以上的香港居民參加，

每人只限參加一次。

2.得獎者的姓名必須與香港身份證上的姓

名相同，否則將被取消得獎資格。

3.參加者有機會贏得價值$150超市禮券。

4.主辦機構之員工及其直系家屬均一律不

得參加。

5.得獎結果以主辦機構的決定為準，各得

獎者將獲專函個別通知。

6.主辦機構保留更改有關是項活動事宜的

權利，恕不另行通知。

7.倘有任何爭議，一切以主辦機構的決定

為最終決定。

8.歡迎複印參加表格。

Rules for Participation1.Hong Kong c i t izens aged 15 or above arewelcome to participate, each participant canonlysubmitoneentry.

2.W inners w i l l be d isqua l i f i ed i f the i r nameare not ident ica l to the name on the i r HKIdentityCard.

3.ParticipantwillgetthechancetowinaprizeofsupermarketvouchervaluedatHK$150.

4.Theemployeesanddirectfamilymembersoftheorganizationarenoteligibletoenter.

5.The decis ion of the organizat ion regardingthe p r ize resu l ts i s f i na l , w inners w i l l benotifiedseparatelyinwriting.

6.The organ is ing body reserves the r ight tomake changes to any matters and wi l l notprovidefurthernotice.

7.I n the event of any d ispute , a l l dec is ionsmadebytheorganizerarefinalandbinding.

8.Welcometophotocopytheform

中文姓名Chi Name 英文姓名 Eng Name 電話 Tel. No.

傳真 Fax No. 電子郵件 E-mail Address

填妥後請將表格遞交至職業安全健康局 Please submit the form to Occupational Safety and Health Council

收集個人資料聲明

1. 你向職業安全健康局〔「本局」〕所提供的資料，包括《個人資料〔私隱〕條例》所指的個人資料，只會用於相關活動。

2. 為讓你得知最新的本局活動，本局將使用你的個人資料，包括你的姓名、電話號碼、郵寄和電郵地址，將有關職業安全健康訓練課程、活動、服務及資訊提供給你。你的個人資料亦可能被用作本局之研究及統計用途。

3. 你可選擇是否同意接收上述資訊。若不同意的話，請於下列拒收資訊一欄之空格內加上「3」號 *。

4. 你有權要求查閱及修正你的個人資料。有關申請須以書面向本局提出，地址為香港北角馬寶道 28號華滙中心 19樓。

□ * 本人不同意日後接收由職業安全健康 局發出其活動和相關的資訊。

Personal data collection Statement

1. The information you provide to the Occupational Safety & Health Council (the Council), including any personal data as defined in the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance (the Ordinance), will be used solely for purposes related to the activities of the Council.

2. To keep you informed of Council’s activities, the Council would like to use your personal data, including your name, telephone number and correspondence and email addresses, to update you in relation to our training courses, events and other OSH related information. Your personal data may also be used for our research and statistical purposes.

3. You are free to decide whether you wish to receive such information. If you choose not to do so, please put a tick in the box below*.

4. You are also entitled to request access to and correction of any errors in your personal data. If you wish to do so, please write to the Council at 19/F, China United Centre, 28 Marble Road, North Point, Hong Kong.

□ * I do not wish to receive any information from the Council in relation to its activities.

� 2016 Occupational Safety & Health Council 職業安全健康局 10/2016

採用環保紙印製Printed on Environmental Friendly Paper

Occupational Safety & Health Council

地址 ：香港北角馬寶道28號華匯中心19樓 Address: 19/F China United Centre, 28 Marble Road, North Point, HK

電話 Tel：2739 9377 傳真 Fax：2739 9779

電郵 E-mail：oshc@oshc.org.hk

網址 Website：www.oshc.org.hk

文職及專業服務業安全及健康委員會Sedentary and Professional Services Safety and Health Committee

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