원자핵물리학분과 소개

2009. 6. 29.

김 우 영

제7회 2009년 핵물리여름학교

Korean Nuclear Physics Community

Nuclear Physics in Korea

Hadron Physics : Electron Scattering

CTOF Detector Development for 12 GeV Upgrade

Polarization 3He for Nuclear Physics and Medical Application

Contents

Members ~ 100

Steering Committee 12

Korea-Japan Coop Committee 3

Summer School Committee 3

Public Relation Committee 7

Nuclear Physics Division in KPS

Low Energy

Group

~ 20 members

Theory, Nuclear-astro Physics,

Application (Compton Camera,

Imaging)

Heavy Ion

Group

~ 20 members

Theory, RHIC, GSI, CERN

Hadron Group~ 20 members

Theory, JLab, J-PARC

Research Group Activity

원자핵물리학분과 홈페이지

http://home.icpr.or.kr/~kpsnuclear/

원자핵물리학분과 운영위원

이 름 기관명 임 기 전 화 E-mail Address

박병윤 (분과위원장) 충남대학교 2008.04~2010.04 042-821-6551 bypark@cnu.ac.kr

현창호 (간사) 대구대학교 2009.04~2011.04 053-850-6975 hch@daegu.ac.kr

이 름 기관명 임 기 전 화 E-mail Address

김은주 전북대학교 2009.04~2011.04 063-270-2776 ejkim@chonbuk.ac.kr

김종원 국립암센터 2009.04~2011.04 031-920-1727 jwkim@ncc.re.kr

박현서 표준연구원 2009.04~2011.04 042-868-5703 hyeonseo@kriss.re.kr

이영욱 원자력연구소 2009.04~2011.04 042-868-2964 yolee@kaeri.re.kr

이창환 부산대학교 2009.04~2011.04 051-510-2165 clee@pusan.ac.kr

이희정 충북대학교 2009.04~2011.04 043-264-2732 hjl@chungbuk.ac.kr

채종서 성균관대학교 2009.04~2011.04 031-290-4590 jschai@skku.edu

이 름 기관명 임 기 전 화 E-mail Address

김용균 한양대학교 2007.11~2009.10 02-2220-2354 ykkim4@hanyang.ac.kr

장종화 한국원자력연구소 2007.11~2009.10 042-868-2884 jhchang@kaeri.re.kr

홍병식 고려대학교 2007.11~2009.10 02-3290-3105 bhong@korea.ac.kr

홍승우 성균관대학교 2007.11~2009.10 031-290-7047 swhong@skku.ac.kr

원자핵물리학분과 한일, 한러 교류 소위원회

이 름 기관명 전 화 E-mail Address

방형찬 서울대학교 bhang@phya.snu.ac.kr

전일동 연세대학교

안정근 부산대학교 051-510-2227 ahnjk@pusan.ac.kr

이 름 기관명 전 화 E-mail Address

박병윤 충남대학교 042-821-6551 bypark@cnu.ac.kr

김우영 경북대학교 053-950-5317 wooyoung@knu.ac.kr

홍승우 성균관대학교 031-290-7047 swhong@skku.ac.kr

이수형 연세대학교

이창환 부산대학교 051-510-2165 clee@pusan.ac.kr

현창호 대구대학교 053-850-6975 hch@daegu.ac.kr

한러 교류 소위원회

한일 교류 소위원회

핵물리학교 운영위원

이 름 기관명 전 화 E-mail Address

김용균 한양대학교 ykkim4@kaeri.re.kr

김현철 인하대학교 (핵물리학교조직위원장) hchkim@pusan.ac.kr

박병윤 충남대학교 (원자핵물리분과위원장) 042-821-6551 bypark@cnu.ac.kr

유인권 부산대학교 051-510-2594 yoo@pusan.ac.kr

윤진희 인하대학교 032-860-7663 jinyoon@inha.ac.kr

홍병식 고려대학교 bhong@korea.ac.kr

년 도 위 원 co-chair to be co-chair chair ex-chair out

2007 김용균 김현철 홍병식 이수형 홍승우

2008 윤진희 김용균 김현철 홍병식 이수형 홍승우, 채종서

2009 윤진희 김용균 박병윤 김현철 유인권 홍병식, 이수형

원자핵물리학분과 학회 활동

제7회핵물리학교안내

Korea Research Foundation

Korea Science and

Engineering Foundation

Funding Agency

KPS Korean Physical Society

APCTPAsia Pacific Center for Theoretical

Physics : Pohang, Seoul

ICPRInformation Center for Physics

Research : Seoul Natl Univ.

Supporting Institution

Nuclear Power Plant

Pohang Synchrotron

U

U

U

U

U

U

U

Theory Center : APCTP, KIAS

Application Facility

AMS : 2 MeV Van de Graff for Archeology

KAERI : Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute

KRISS : Korea Research Institute for Standards and Science

Pohang Accelerator Lab : 2 GeV Synchrotron

Cyclotron Facility at Atomic Cancer Hospital

: 50 MeV proton beams

Cyclotron Facility at Cancer Hospital

: 230 MeV proton beams

Nuclear Power Plants : 4 Stations at Seashores

Facility

Nuclear Science Lab

Radio active Ion Beam

Detector Development, Testing

Theory

Beam Line at J-PARC

Hyper-nuclear Physics, Spin Physics

Long Range Plan

핵물리학 분야

Low Energy Nuclear Physics

Hadron Nuclear Physics

Heavy Ion Nuclear Physics

Application

Low Energy Nuclear Physics

핵구조, 핵반응

천체핵물리

Radioactive Beam을 사용한 연구

Double β Decay

기본 대칭성 Parity Violation

응용 : 고고학 연대측정, Compton Camera

Low Energy Nuclear Physics

Heavy Ion Nuclear Physics

● 극한 상태의 핵 연구

- 고온

- 고압

- 고밀도

● RHIC, GSI, CERN

Heavy Ion Nuclear Physics

핵물리학의 고고학적 활용

Hadron Nuclear Physics

Jefferson Lab

RCNP, KEK

J-Parc

Ground State Charge Density : Saclay

Spectrum and line-shape fit of 190-MeV electron scattered from 142Ce at 450

Energy (MeV)

Co

un

ts

Ρ(r

) (1

0-3

e f

m-3

)

r (fm)

Transition charge

density for the 2+ states

σ/σ

Mo

t

t

Qeff (fm-1)Form factors

for the 2+ states

2+ states in 142Ce

: Additional Nuclear Structure Information

2* * ( , )

dh

d d

* * *

' ' ' 'cos 2sin cosT T TL TL

L L T T

v R v RA

v R v R

Super-Rosenbluth Separation

Simultaneous Measurements of T’ and TL’ asymmetries

• Intrinsic Deformation of the Spin ½ Nucleon ;

– Inferred from Transition Amplitudes for the N- Δ excitation

• Spherical Bag Model ;– Δ+(1232) : A pure Spin-flip Transition through an M1 Excitation.

– D-state admixtures in the ground state of the Nucleon and/or Δ allows the Quadrupole Excitation.

• Glashow’s Suggestion ;

– A New Observable, REM(EMR)

– A non-zero Value for EMR : Clear Evidence for “Deformation”

• Virtual Photon ;– E2, C2(Coulomb, or Scalar), REM(EMR), RSM(CMR)

양성자의 구조

• REM > 0

• REM < 0

Q2 Dependence of the Electric(S1+) and Scalar(E1+) Quadrupole/magnetic Dipole Ratios

Pion Deform the Proton’s Electric Charge Cloud

• The photon (blue) emitted by the scattered electron (red) interacts directly with the pion cloud rather than with the quarks inside the proton

• The measured shape of the deformed electric-charge cloud is slightly oblate (squashed), rather than prolate (elongated).

진공에서부터 물질과 반물질의 생성

• Virtual Compton Scattering in the Bjorken regime

• Virtual Compton Scattering : Electroproduction of photons from nucleons

• The cleanest way of gathering information on nucleon structure

• The simplest experiment for studying GPDs

(W > 2GeV, Q2 > 1 (GeV/c)2)

Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering

2-D Scotty

z

x

z

y

3-D Scotty

x

1-D Scotty

x

Calcium

Water

Carbon

Deep Inelastic Scattering &

PDs

Deeply Virtual

Exclusive

Processes & GPDs

GPDs & PDs

• Feynman diagrams for DVCS and Bethe-Heitler processes contributing to the amplitude of

scatteringep ep

Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering

• The experiment measures the interference of DVCS and Bethe-Heitler (BH) process4

2

2

4 4

2 2

1,1 0,1

2

| |

Im( )

1 Im sin Im sin 2

DVCS BH

B

DVCS BH

B B

dT T

dQ dx dtd

d dT T

dQ dx dtd dQ dx dtd

a M b M OQ

4 4

4 4

( )1

( )e

N Nd dA

d d P N N

eP

N

N

ep ep

ep ep

• Beam Spin Asymmetry

where : beam polarization (70%)

: number of events at positive beam helicity

: number of events at negative beam helicity

Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering

• The data points are fitted with the function

The fitted parameters are

In the Bjorken regime should vanish, leaving only the

contribution from transverse photons.

• Theoretical calculations are from fixed values of

( ) sin sin2 .A

0.202 0.028 0.013 ,

0.024 0.028 0.009 .

stat sys

stat sys

2 2

2

1.25 ( / ) ,

0.19,

0.19

B

Q GeV c

x

t GeV

Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering

• dependence of the beam spin asymmetry A. The dark shaded region is the range of the fitted function defined by the statistical errors of parameters and , the light shaded region includes systematic uncertainties added linearly to the statistical uncertainties.

( )A

Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering

Ee = 11 GeV

Q2=5.5GeV2

xB = 0.35

-t = 0.25 GeV2

Ee = 4 GeV

Accessing GPDs through DVCS

d4dQ2dxBdtd

~ |TDVCS + TBH|2

Eo = 11 GeV Eo = 6 GeV Eo = 4 GeV

BH

DVCS

TBH : given by elastic form factors F1, F2

TDVCS: determined by GPDs

I ~ 2(TBH)Im(TDVCS)

BH-DVCS interference generates beam

and target polarization asymmetries that

carry the proton structure information.

DVCS

BH

p p

e e

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility

CEBAF’s Scientific Goal

Nuclei as bound

states of nucleons

Molecules as bound

states of atoms

Nucleons as bound states of quarks and

gluons

Atoms as bound states of electrons

and a nucleus

Quantum Chromo Dynamics

Quantum Mechanics +Coulomb’s Law

CEBAF

Nuclear and Particle Physics Atomic Physics

?

?

Hall B

EC

TOF

Cerenkov

Torus

Drift Chambers

Cerenkov

Central Detector

Beamline

Increase luminosity totenfold to 1035 cm-2s-1

1m

CLAS 12

12GeV Upgrade TOF System

50조각으로 이루어진 원통형 검출기 설계

PhotoMultiPlier Tube(PMT)

Plastic Scintillation Detector

TOF Light-Guides

•시간 분해능 : 50 ps

•플라스틱 : Bicron BC-408

•PMT Assembly :

Hamamatsu H7761-70

•고자장 : 5 Tesla

•고에너지 : 12 GeV

•고휘도 : 1035 /cm2sec

Silicon Vertex Tracker

Superconducting

solenoid coil

(Bmax = 5T)

Central TOF

TOF SystemdT ~ 50psecKNU Group

Barrel Plastic Scintillator Prototype

Why Fine-Mesh Photomultipliers?

• Fine mesh Photomultipliers have been designed by Hamamatsu Photonics for the operation in the high-magnetic field environment up to 1.5 Tesla. Their dynode system is made of the ladder of fine grade mesh at certain potentials.

# Phototyube (type) Dynode System

Photocatho

de diameter

(mm)

Photocatho

de Type

Anode

Sensetivity

(typical)

(A/Lm)

Anode

Pulse

Rise

Time (ns)

Electro

n

Transit

Time

(ns)

Transit

Tame

Spread

(ns)

1 R2083 ordinary 39 Bialkali 200 0.7 16 0.37

2 R5505-70 fine mesh 17.5 Bialkali 40 2.1 5.6 0.35

3 R7761-70 fine mesh 27 Bialkali 800 2.5 7.5 0.35

4 R5924-70 fine mesh 39 Bialkali 700 2.5 9.5 0.44

5 R6504-70 fine mesh 51 Bialkali 700 2.7 11 0.47

Comparison of properties of fast ordinary R2083 and Fine-mesh PMTs

Why Hamamatsu R7761-70?

Hamamatsu R7761-70

photomultipliers are

chosen because of

• Their resistance to magnetic

field

• Good timing performance

• Geometrical dimensions

• High gain

• Relatively low priceDependence of R7761-70 gain on

magnetic filed for three sample PMTs

measured by Hamamatsu Photonics

K.K

High voltage divider, Fine-Mesh PM and the best position for fine mesh PM

R7761-70(Left), R2083(Right) PMT Anode Pulse

Two ways for measurement of Fine Mesh PMT performance

2XR7761-70+4XR2083 (Left) : timing resolution 61 ps

6XR2083 (Right) : timing resolution 53 ps

Fine-Mesh PM Hamamatsu R7761-70

σTOFR7761-70=37.5±0.11±1 psec·√L/LMIP

σTOFR2083=36.5±0.11±1 psec·√L/LMIP

Beam spectrum (October 2008)

Muon spectrum

σTOF dependence on the light output

Magnetic field (solenoid 1)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

I, Amp

-B,

Gau

ss

Series1

Measurements in magnetic field

Note: Beam energy is ~2 times (!) less than in the previous measurements without magnetic field

No gain dependence!

σTOF(θ=0) better at B=1100 Gauss!

θ=180

θ=0

Measurements in magnetic field(Jan 2009)

p p n

3He nn

e

equark

neutron

electron scattering SLAC/Jefferson

편극핵 3He

광펌핑 원리

광펌핑과 스핀교환법

광펌핑 원리와 스핀교환법

cell

optics

Diode Laser

Oven (160 oC)

pickup coil

e- beam

B ~ 30 Gauss

main coilsrf drive coils

Instrument Control

스핀교환장치

Optics system

Oven, coils and heaters

Ion pump and gas panel 5000C Oven tobake cell assembly

Laser

경북대학교 편극핵 실험실

SymmetryBreaking test

P.T.weak

Atomic PhysicsQuantum

mechanics

Low tempPhysics

Spin filterCondensed matter

physics

FusionNuclear physicsNuclear reaction

Spin structureOf nucleons

Hadron physicsQCD

BigbangNucleosynthesisAstrophysics

BiomedicalScience MRI 129Xe

3He

3He 편극핵 생성기술의 과학 및 산업적인 응용

n + 3He → p + 3T (J=0 resonance)

3Hen n

Neutron Polarizer-Spin Filter

Water inside

Laser-Polarized Helium-3 Gas

47,000 GaussWater inside

Laser-Polarized Helium-3 Gas

47,000 Gauss

2 Tesla

21 Gauss

Water 3He

물과 3He의 MRI 영상비교

건강한 사람의 폐와 폐병환자의 폐 인체의 폐 영상

개의 대장에 편극 3He 를 주입한 영상 129Xe를 사용한 쥐의 뇌 MRI

저자장 MRI 활용영상

인체 MR 영상 비교(a) 20,000 Gauss의 1H MRI (b) 20 Gauss의 편극 3He MRI

편극 3He 가스를 사용한 폐질환 MR 영상

의료 진단용 저자장 MRI 사용영상

Results

Results

Siemens

Modification Access for

Hyperpolarized Nuclei

Imaging

Kyungpook Natl. Univ.

3He, 129Xe Production Brain Institute,

Gachon Medical University

Coil Construction and Pulse

Sequence Software

Radiology Department,

Pusan National University

1.5 Tesla MRI for 3He, 129Xe

and Medical Doctor for

Interpretation

Future Plan in Medical Imaging

Hyper-polarized129Xe, 3He in

medicine and

others

Export to foreign countries Higher education

Nuclear physics

Nuclear reactions

New medical technologyIndustrial application

Spin Structure Function Spintronics using

Polarized neutron beam

Polarized 3He Application

현대 핵물리학

• 첨단 과학기술 이용- 제2차 산란 기술을 사용한 방사성 핵종빔- 고에너지, 고전류, 편극전자빔, 편극핵과녁,

대형검출기를 이용한 스핀 비대칭성 측정• 학제간 유기성- 입자물리, 고체물리, 원자물리, 광학, 전산물리 등

여러 분야의 첨단 과학기술 도입• 이론과 실험의 긴밀한 공동연구- 별들의 진화과정- 핵자의 스핀구조, 핵자 내부의 동역학적 자유도

• 다방면에 핵심적이고 기반적으로 응용- 에너지, 환경, 의료진단, 스핀트로닉스……