eenadu prathiba (1)

-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 1 -à-v°œ--™¸ 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ßª’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

v°æ ¡o:1. Enquiry, Inquiry äéπ-õ‰Ø√?2. Bidding ÅØË °æü¿ç invitation èπ◊

°æ®√u-ßª’-°æ-ü¿´÷?3. Matrimony, wedding èπ◊, propi-

tious -auspicious èπ◊ °æ®√ußª’°æü¿´÷?

4. Awesome, spanking, kick-ass, slap-up, rat-tling, classic Ñ °æü∆-©Fo excellent °æü∆-EéÀ°æ®√u-ßª’-°æ-ü∆-™‰Ø√?

5. Ø√´’-éπ-®Ωù ¢Ëúø’-éπ†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ appellation cere-mony ™‰ü∆ denomination function ÅØÌî√a?

6. Betrothal, engagement äéπ-õ‰Ø√?7. Reception èπ◊ ovation ÅØË °æü¿ç ¢√úÌî√a?8. That's non of your business Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ?9. ´’†èπ◊ á´-È®jØ√ thanks îÁGûË ´÷´‚-©’í¬ it's ok

™‰ü∆ welcome Åçö«ç. é¬F äéπ £œ«çD ÆœE-´÷™mention not ÅE NØ√o†’. DEo à Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-îª-´îª’a?

10. äéπ Nüµ¿-¢Á’i† time †’ Ææ÷*ç-îË-ô-°æ¤púø’ AM ™‰ü∆ PM ¢√úøû√çéπü∆? ¢√öÀéÀ •ü¿’©’ morningthe 9 O' clock, evening sixO' clock ÅE ¢√úÌî√a?

11. Raiment, attire, apparel,vestures, habiliments,clobber, garments, get-up, rigout, costume,dress, clothing äéπ-õ‰Ø√?

12. Congratulations •ü¿’©’ felicitation ¢√úÌî√a?13. Bistro, Roadhouse, Boarding house,

Lunchonette, Snackbar, Buffet, Canteenäéπ-õ‰Ø√?

– ßª·.Å-ïß˝’ π◊´÷®˝, ÇC-™«-¶«ü˛ï¢√•’:1. È®çúø÷ äéπõ‰, Enquiry - British, Inquiry -

American.

2. é¬ü¿’. Bid Åçõ‰ v°æßª’ûªoç, ¢Ë©ç §ƒúøôç, ¢Ë©ç,àüÁjØ√ °æE-îË-ÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ ØË†’ îË≤ƒh-†çô÷ ´·çü¿’èπ◊®√´úøç (´·êuçí¬ tender/ contract ©N≠æ-ßª’ç™). ÅÆæ©’, bid, invite ÅØËN synonyms

ÅØË Ç™-îª† áçü¿’èπ◊ ´*açC O’èπÿ? Invite Åçõ‰Ç£æ…y-Eç-îªúøç éπü∆?

3. Matrimony = Wedding = Marriage É´Fo syn-onyms. Éçûªèπ◊´·çü¿’ lessons ™ marriage éÃ,wedding èπÿ Ö†o ûËú≈ N´-Jçî√ç îª÷úøçúÕ.Propitious = Å†’-èπÿ-©-¢Á’i† (´’† v°æßª’-û√o© Nï-ßª÷-EéÀ) (°æJ-Æœn-ûª’©’ ™«çöÀN)

a) The time is not propitious for the start of anew business =ÉC Å†’-èπÿ-©-¢Á’i† Ææ´’ßª’ç é¬ü¿’.Auspicious = ¨¡Ÿ-¶µºéπ®Ω-¢Á’i-†

b) At the auspicious moment, he declared thebuilding open = Ç ¨¡Ÿ¶µº- ·-£æfi-®√h† (Ææ´’-ßª’ç™)Çßª’† Ç éπôdúøç v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-*-†ô’x v°æéπ-öÀç-î√úø’.Auspicious ÅØËC ´’ç*-®Ó-Vèπ◊, ´·£æfi®√h-©èπ◊Ææç•ç-Cµç-*çCPropitious - Ææü¿-´-é¬-¨»-EéÀ/Å†’-èπÿ© °æJ-Æœn -ûª’-©èπÿÆæç•ç-Cµç-*çC.

4. Kick - ass ûª°æp N’í∫-û√-´Foexcellent èπ◊ synonyms –

î√™« íÌ°æpí¬, ´’†™ íÌ°æp ÅGµ-v§ƒ-ßª÷EoéπL-Tç-îË-Cí¬ – Impressive ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ.Å®·ûË, spanking, rattling, slap-up Ñ -´‚-úÕç-öÀ-F nouns ´·çü¿Í® ¢√úøû√ç,äçô-Jí¬ é¬èπ◊çú≈.

a) It's a rattling good movie.b) He treated us to a slap-up dinner

c) The car sped off at a spanking pace - -´‚-úÕç-öÀ--™ spanking †’ ´·êuçí¬ ¢Ëí¬-EéÀ´·çü¿’ ¢√úøû√ç.

5. Å†ç. Christering (véÀÆæ-Eçí˚) Å-ØÌîª’a. Å®·ûË-D-EéÀ èπÿú≈ correct í¬ Å®·ûË, church ™ chris-tians Ø√´’-éπ-®Ω-ùç- -ÅE Å®Ωnç. Naming ceremonyÅØÌîª’a.

6. Å´¤†’. Å®·ûË betrothal, old fashioned, É°æ¤p-úÁ-´®Ω÷ ¢√úø-ôç-™‰ü¿’. Engagement ¢√úø’-éπ™ ÖçC.

7. È®çúø÷ äéπöÀ é¬ü¿’. Reception - Ç£æ…y-Ø√-EéÀ,Nçü¿’-©’-™«çöÀ ¢√öÀéÀ Ææç•ç-

Cµç*ç-C. Ovation -v¨ûª©’, ÆæGµ-èπ◊©’,vÊ°éπ~-èπ◊©’ îª°æpô’xéÌöÀd, ¢Á’°æ¤p, Ç¢Á÷ü¿çûÁ©-°æúøç, ´éπh©’, v°æü¿-

®Ωz-èπ◊©’ ™«çöÀ ¢√∞¡Ÿ ¢ËCéπO’CéÀ ´Ææ’h-†o-°æ¤púø’ ûÁLÊ° £æ«®Ω-üµ∆y†ç.

8. ÅC Féπ-†-´-Ææ®Ωç/ ÅC Fèπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*çC é¬ü¿’. ü∆çöx †’´¤y ûª©-ü¿÷-®Ωaèπ◊.

9. Mention not/ No mention cor-rect é¬ü¿’.

10. DE N≠æßª’ç Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çüË ûÁL§ƒç. SpokenEnglish ™ AM/ PM Å†ç. Morning/ EveningÅØË Åçö«ç.

11. ÅFo äéπõ‰ Å®·ûË spoken language ™ áèπ◊\´¢√úø’-éπ™ Ö†oN. Dress, Clothes, Clothing´÷vûª¢Ë’. Costume - áèπ◊\´ †-öÃ-†-ô’-©’ ¢ËÆæ’èπ◊ØË

ü¿’Ææ’h-©èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç. N’í∫û√ °æü∆-©Fo ví¬çC∑éπç,§ƒçúÕûªuç. Get up ÅØËC ü¿’Ææ’h©’ ¢ËÆæ’-èπ◊†oûª®√yûª appearance †’ ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’çC. Rigout –üµ¿Jç* (§ƒçúÕûªuç).

12. ÅØÌîª’a. é¬F felicitation áèπ◊\-´í¬ ÆæØ√t-Eç-îªúøçÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úøû√ç– ÉC-èπÿú≈ §ƒçúÕûªuç.Spoken English ™ ¢√úøç.

13. Bistro- (American) ´’†üË¨¡ç™ *†o tea stall™«çöÀC. (´’†üË ¡ç™ Ñ ´÷ô Å®Ωnç é¬ü¿’)

Boarding House -´÷´‚©’ £æ«Ùô™«xé¬èπ◊çú≈, privatehouses ™ Åçü¿-JéÃé¬èπ◊çú≈ éÌçûª-´’ç-CéÀ´÷vûª¢Ë’ •Ææ, Ç£æ…®ΩÆæü¿’-§ƒ-ßª÷-©’-†o- îÓô’.

Buffet = Railway stations/ trains/ bus stations™ Ç£æ…®Ω §ƒF-ßª÷-©¢Ë’t ü¿’é¬-ù«©’. ´÷´‚©’Å®Ωnç– ´úøf† Nçü¿’ é¬èπ◊çú≈, ÅA-ü∑¿’™‰ ´úÕfçîª’èπ◊ØËNçü¿’.Lunchonette = ´÷´‚©’ ¶µï†ç (simple meal)´úÕfçîË *†o-ûª-®Ω£æ… Ç£æ…-®Ω-¨»© – ÉC American -É°æ¤púø’ ¢√úø’-éπ™ ™‰ü¿’.Road House = High ways ™ main road °æéπ\†ÖçúË üµ∆¶«© ™«çöÀN. ÉC-èπÿú≈ old fashioned.É°æ¤p-úøçûª ¢√úø’-éπ™ ™‰ü¿’. Canteen - ÉC ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éπü∆? factories, schools,colleges ™ ¢√öÀéÀ Å†’-•ç-üµ¿çí¬ †úÕîË °∂æ©£æ…-®Ω-¨»©. É°æ¤púø’ Ñ Å®√n-©ûÓ (canteen ûª°æp) ¢√úø’-éπ™Ö†oN – Restaurant, eatery and snackbar.

That's non of your businessThat's non of your business440-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

-v°æ-¨¡o:1. a) I am very happy to have

met him.

b) I am very happy beingmet him. – Ñ È®çúÕçöÀ´’üµ¿u ûËú≈ àN’öÀ?

2. i) No matter, ii) in no timeÅçõ‰ àN’öÀ?

3. i)Being an educated,

ii) Having been educated –OöÀ ´’üµ¿u ûËú≈ àN’öÀ?

4. ü¿´·tçõ‰ ®√... îª÷Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç..DEo ÉçTx≠ˇ™ á™« îÁ§ƒpL?

5. Which would you rather be?DE Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ?

6. The flowers smell sweet

He looks cold

He worked hard

Subject + verb + adj oradverb Ñ E®√t-ùç™ *´®ΩÖ†o °æü∆-©†’ adjectives í¬¶µ«Nç-î√™«? ™‰ü∆ adverbs í¬¶µ«Nç-î√™«?

– Èé.X-E-¢√-Ææ-®√´¤, ´÷®Ω÷d®Ω’ï¢√•’:1. a) I am very happy to have

met him = I am veryhappy that I met him(some time ago) on somepast occasion) - ØË†-ûª-úÕEéπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-†oç-ü¿’èπ◊ (í∫ûªç™)ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ÖØ√o†’.

b) I am very happy being met

him- ÉC sentence é¬ü¿’ éπü∆?I am very happy, having methim/ Having met him, I amvery happy Åçõ‰ correct = Iam happy to have met him.

2. i) No matter = àüË-¢Á’i-†-°æp--öÀéÃ a) No matter what you say, I

can't believe you = †’¢Ëy-´’Ø√o ÆæÍ®, ØË†’ E†’o †´’t-™‰†’.

b) No matter where he is thepolice will not leave him =-Å-ûª-úÁéπ\-úø’-Ø√o ÆæÍ® -§Ú-MÆæ’-©’-Å-ûª-úÕ-E -´-ü¿-©®Ω’.

ii) In no time = Å†-A-é¬-©ç-™ØË,î√™« ûªèπ◊\-´-ÊÆ-°æ¤™.

a) If only you have the money,you can buy the car in notime = Fèπ◊ úø•sçô÷ Öçú≈™‰é¬F, é¬®Ω’ éÌ†úøç áçûª-ÊÆ°æ¤?

b) Fans gathered in no time tosee their favourite star =ûª ’ ÅGµ- ÷† û√®Ω†’ îª÷ÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ ÅGµ-´÷-†’©’ éπ~ùç™í∫’N’í∫÷ú≈®Ω’.

c) If you are ready, we can gothere in no time = †’´¤yÆœü¿l¥çí¬ Öçõ‰, ´’†ç Åéπ\-úÕéÀ¢ÁçôØË ¢ÁRx-§Ú-´îª’a.

3. i) Being an educated (per-son)/ Being educated = îªü¿’-´¤-èπ◊-†o-¢√-∞¡Ÿxí¬ ÖçúÕ/ Å´úøç´©x

a) Being educated/ Being an

educated person she isrespected = Ç¢Á’ îªü¿’-´¤-èπ◊-†o-ü¿-´úøç ´©x, Åçü¿®Ω÷ Ç¢Á’†’ íı®Ω-N-≤ƒh-®Ω’.

ii) Having been educated =îªü¿’-´¤-èπ◊-†oçü¿’ ´©x (í∫ûªç™)Having been educated inEngland, he speaks Englishlike the English - England ™îªü¿’-´¤-éÓ-´-úøçûÓ/ îªü¿’-´¤-éÓ-´úøç´©x, Åûªúø’ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ ¢√∞¡x™«,English ´÷ö«x-úø-û√úø’.

4. Come on, let's have it out/come if you dare.

5. Which would you rather be?†’´¤y à Nüµ¿çí¬ Öçúø-ö«-EéÀáèπ◊\´ É≠æd°æ-úø-û√´¤?

a) What would you rather be ahero or a fan of a hero? = àNüµ¿çí¬ Öçúø-ö«-EéÀ áèπ◊\´ É≠ædçFèπ◊ – hero í¬Ø√, hero ÅGµ-´÷-E-í¬Ø√?

6. The flowers smell sweet, helooks cold - sweet and cold -adjectives.

He works hard - hard -adverb.

Sweet and cold N≠æ-ßª’ç™¢√öÀE O’®Ω’ îª÷°œ† sentences™ adjectives í¬ ¶µ«N≤ƒhç.(Sweetly, coldly- adverbs)Hard- v¨¡N’ç* – ÉC adverb.(Hardly - ¢ËÍ® Å®Ωnç, ü∆ü∆°æ¤™‰ü¿E)

-v°æ-¨¡o:1. It, it's -© í∫’-Jç-* -N-´®Ωçí¬ -ûÁ-©°æç-úÕ.2. Passive voice -™ by -Å-ØË preposition é¬èπ◊ç-ú≈

éÌ--Eo≤ƒ®Ω’x to èπÿ-ú≈ -´Ææ’hç-C. To -á°æ¤p--úÁ°æ¤p-úø’ -´Ææ’hç-üÓ-- Ö-ü∆£æ«®Ω-ù-©-ûÓ -ûÁ-©°æç-úÕ.

3. 'Enough' -Ö-î√a ¥®Ω-ù-ûÓ Ææ£æ… usage -†’ ûÁ-©°æç-úÕ.-4. 1. -Ç-ûªtíı®Ω-´ç 2. -vÊ°-´’-ïç-ô

3. - ’- ’-û√-†’®√í∫ç 4. éπ-Lp-ûªç 5. Ææç-v°æ-ü∆-ßª’ç 6. -Å°æ¤®Ω÷°æç 7. ÆæÆæu-¨»---u-´’-©ç 8. -ûª®Ωç 9. °æç-î√çí∫ç – -Ñ -´÷-ô-©-èπ◊ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ °æ-ü∆-©’ -ûÁ-©°æç-úÕ.

– --áç.®√-´’ç->, -´’-ü¿-Ø√°æ¤®Ωç -ï-¢√-•’:1. It = ÅC/-ÉC– ´·êuçí¬ ´’†ç É°æ¤púø’ ´÷ö«x-úø’-

ûª’-†o N≠æ--ßª’ç í∫’-Jç-* îÁÊ°p-ô-°æ¤púø’ ¢√-úø-û√ç.a) Your pen is on the table. It has been there

since yesterday = F pen table O’ü¿ ÖçC.E†o--öÀ -†’ç* Å-C -Å-éπ\úË ÖçC.

b) He often smiles at her. She doesn't like it =Åûªúø’ ÜJÍé Ç¢Á’†’ îª÷Æœ †´¤y-û√úø’. ÅCÇ¢Á’èπ◊ É≠ædç -™‰ü¿’.It's = It is - ÉC ´·êuçí¬ Spoken Englishform. £æ«ú≈-N-úÕ™ It is Å-†-ú≈-EéÀ -•-ü¿’-©’, it's ÅØË-Ææ’hçö«ç.

2. É™«ç-öÀN î√™« Å®Ω’ü¿’.3. Enough = É†°∂ˇ– † ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç = î√L-

†çûª/ î√L-†Eo.a) I haven't enough money to buy a car = Car

éÌØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ î√L-†çûª úø•’s Ø√ ü¿-í∫_®Ω ™‰ü¿’.b) He packed enough clothes for his weekend

journey = ¢√®√ç-ûª°æ¤ v°æßª÷-ù«-EéÀ é¬-¢√-Lq-†-Eo-ü¿’Ææ’h-©’ Ææ®Ω’l-èπ◊-Ø√o-úø-ûª†’.

4. 1) Self respect; 2) Couple;

3) Love and attachment; 4) Fictitious;

5) Tradition; 6) Unprecedent/ rare;

7) Greenery; 8) Generation;

9) Almanac.

-v°æ-¨¡o: 1. -´÷ éÌ--∞«®·-éÀ -F-∞¡Ÿx -´Ææ’h-Ø√o®·. -ØË-†’ -F-∞¡Ÿx °æ-ö«d-L.2. GçüÁ -áéπ\-úø -Öç-C?-Gç-üÁ-™ F--∞¡Ÿx-Ø√o-ßª÷?3. -Ø√èπ◊ -´-vïç -™«ç-öÀ -äéπ ®√®· -üÌ-JéÀç-C. – -

Ñ -¢√é¬u-©-†’ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ-™ -á-™« °æ-™é¬-L?– -É®√p¥-Ø˛, -†ç-ü∆u-©

-ï-¢√-•’: 1. We are getting water through our tap. I should

draw water.

2. GçüÁèπ◊ ÆæÈ®j† ´÷ô English ™ ™‰ü¿’. Pail (bucket)Å-ØÌîª’a. Å®·ûË Éü¿ç-ûª ¢√úø’-éπ™ ™‰ü¿’.Where is the pail? Is there water in the pail?

3) I found a stone. It looks like/ appears to be agem.

- v°æ---¨¡o:Er. Naveen Kumar, Er.B.Vaikuntam É-™«-´uèπ◊h-© Ê°®Ωx -´·ç-ü¿’ (nouns) -¢√-úË Er °æ‹-Jh®Ω÷°æç -à-N’-öÀ? -Æ‘Y-© Ê°®Ωx -´·ç-ü¿’ èπÿ-ú≈ -É-™«-Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-îª-´-î√a? -D-E -Å®Ωnç -à-N’-öÀ?

– -¶µ«®Ω-A, Ææç-üµ¿-u, £æ«-†’-´’éÌç-úø

-ï-¢√-•’: Doctor ©èπ◊, Dr ™«, Ñ´’-üµ¿u- ´’-†-üË- ¡ç™Engineer © Ê°®Ωx ´·çü¿’ Er ÅE ®√Ææ’èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o®Ω’. Engineers Çúø-¢√-∞¡x-®·ûË, ¢√∞¡xÊ°®Ωx ´·çü¿’- èπÿú≈ ¢√-úÌîª’a. Å®·ûË ÉCÅçûª accepted abbreviation é¬ü¿’,Dr (Doctor) ™«í¬.

M.SURESAN

í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 3 -à-v°œ--™¸ 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2


v°æ ¡o:1. Please tell me 'Future

perfect continuous tense'in telugu meaning. Giveone (or) two examples

2. What is difference of'kindly and respect' .

3. Resume (or) Bio-data

4. ®√ßª’úøç- write, Çúøôç- play. É™«çöÀ words †’verbs Åçö«ç. ¢√öÀE nouns í¬ á°æ¤púø’, á™«®√ßª÷L? á™« Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√L?

– G.¶µ«-Ææ\®˝, †çü∆u©ï¢√•’: 1) Future perfect continuous - ¶µºN-≠æu-û˝™ äéπ

Ææ ’ßª÷-EéÀ ´·çü¿’ v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº¢Á’i Ç Ææ ’ßª’ç´®Ωèπÿ éÌ†-≤ƒ-í∫’ûª÷ Öçô’çC Å†’-èπ◊ØË action èπ◊,future perfect continuous tense ¢√úøû√ç.

a) I shall have been attending a class bythis time tomorrow = Í®°‘§ƒöÀéÀ ØË†’ classattend Å´¤ûª÷ Öçö«†’. Attend Å´úøçÅçûª-èπ◊- ·çüË v§ƒ®Ωç¶µº-¢Á’i, Í®°æ¤ Ñ Ææ´’-ßª’ç-™-èπÿú≈ continue Å´¤ûª÷ Öçô’çC.

b) In five years from now, he will have beenpractising a doctor = É°æp-öÀoç* âüË-∞¡xèπ◊Åûªúø’ doctor í¬ practice îËÆæ’hç-ö«úø’. prac-tice Åçûªèπ◊ ´·çüË Ç®Ωç-¶µº¢Á’i Å°æp-öÀ-éÀçé¬ con-tinue Å´¤-ûª÷ç-ô’çC.

2) Kindly Åçõ‰ ü¿ßª’ûÓ ÅE Å®Ωnç éπü∆? á´--J-ØÁj-Ø√´’®√u-ü¿-°æ‹-®Ωy-éπçí¬ àüÁjØ√ ÅúÕ-Íí-ô-°æ¤púø’ ¢√úË ´÷ô,please •ü¿’©’.

please/ kindly let me have your address =éÌçîÁç O’ address ÉýçúÕ.

Respect = íı®Ω´ç. Kindly, á´JØÁjØ√ respectÉ*a àüÁjØ√ ÅúÕ-Ííç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç. kindly ÉçéÓÅ®Ωnç – ü¿ßª÷-Ææy-¶µ«´ç Ö†o.

3. Resume and Biodata: Not much different.

Resume- Details like your address, Date ofbirth, age, qualification from the highest tothe least, previous service and experience,

first mentioning the present position andlast your earliest job- in this order.

Biodata: Details of your DOB, age, experi-ence and qualifications in a proper order.

Both are submitted when applying for a job.Most companies now prefer the format ofResume- Pronounced- È®Vu--¢Á’ß’ (British),È®ï--¢Á’ß’ (American)- ï, size ™ ñ¸™«í∫.

Write- ÉC á°æ¤púø÷ verb í¬ØË (®√ßª’úøç) ¢√úøû√ç.DEo noun í¬ á°æ¤púø÷ ¢√úøç. (Newspaper,Magazine © ™«çöÀ ¢√öÀ-™xE ¢√u≤ƒ-©†’ write-upÅçö«ç. ÅC noun)

Play - verb Å®·ûË Çúøôç.

(Played - past tense; played - pp)

They play hockey very well.

(¢√∞¡Ÿx £æ…éÃ î√™« ¶«í¬ Çúø-û√®Ω’)

Play (Noun) - 1) Çô 2) Ø√ôéπç (Drama)

a) The play had to be cancelled because of

rain.

(´®Ωç ´©x Çô ®Ωü¿’l-îË-ßª÷Lq ´*açC.)

b) Kalidasa wrote a number of Plays

(é¬R-ü∆Ææ’ î√™« Ø√ô-é¬©’ ®Ω*ç-î√úø’)

v°æ ¡o: 1. Has she forgotten all the

help she had had from you?

Éçü¿’™ had, had ÅE È®çúø’-≤ƒ®Ω’xÖ°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√-™«? äéπ\-≤ƒJ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-TÊÆh î√©’- éπü∆? N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.

2. Is it your family?

Is that your grand mother?

Is that your sister?

What is it ?

What is that ?

it ÅØ√o that ÅØ√o ''ÅC—— ÅØËÅ®Ωnç éπü∆? Ñ È®çúø’ °æü∆-©†’àßË’ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√-L?

– ¨¶µº, ØÁ©÷x®Ω’ï¢√•’: 1. Has she forgotten all the help

she had had from you- §Ò®Ω-§ƒô’. -É-™« -Öç-ú≈-L–

Did she forget all the help she

had had from you? Or

Has she forgotten all the help

she has had from you?

É°æ¤púø’ Had had= Had+past par-

ticiple of have (had)- Past per-

fect tense- È®çúø’ past actions ™´·çü¿J past action †’ îÁÊ°pç-ü¿’èπ◊¢√úøû√ç.

Did she forget the help she had

had from you? = F ü¿í∫_®Ω †’ç*Ææ£æ…ßª’ç §ÒçCçC.

(I past action- had + pp of

have- had had).

Did she forget? (ÅC) ´’-®Ω-*-§Ú-®·çü∆– È®çúÓ past action.

Ñ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x had had ¢√úøû√ç.

She had her breakfast and then

went out=

Breakfast BÆæ’-èπ◊E (1st Past

action- had + PP of have (had) )

•ßª’-öÀ-Èé-RxçC.

2) It = ´’†ç üËE í∫’Jç* ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o¢Á÷ ÅC ÅE. ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ÅEoÆæçü¿-®√s¥™x It é¬F that é¬F¢√úÌîª’a.

v°æ ¡o: 1. Will you take me home on your bike ÅØ√o®Ω’.Ñ ¢√é¬uEo will you take me to home on your bike

ÅØ√L éπü∆? O’®Ω’ preposition 'to' †’ áçü¿’èπ◊ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-îª-™‰üÓ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.

2. ''The programme will begin in a few minutes''

ÅØ√o®Ω’. few minutes plural éπü∆? 'a' article sin-

gular éπü∆? few minutes ´·çü¿’ singular áçü¿’èπ◊Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√®Ω’?

– °œ. ®√´÷-†çü˛, ´’™«\-ñ¸-TJ, Â£j«ü¿-®√-¶«ü˛ï¢√•’: 1) Home ´·çü¿’ ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ to é¬F, my/ his/ her/ their/

somebody's home ÅE é¬F Å†ç. Home ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’,á´J í∫’Jç* ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o¢Á÷, ¢√J É™‰x ÅE Å®Ωnç.

He is going home (Åûª-úÕE í∫’Jç* îÁ°æ¤hØ√oç. é¬•öÀdÉéπ\úø ÅûªúÕ ÉçöÀÍé ÅE Å®Ωnç. To ®√ü¿’/ his home ®√ü¿’)

She left her pen at home (Ç¢Á’ ûª† pen (¢√∞¡x)Éçöx ´’®Ω-*§Ú-®·çC.

They brought the body home = Ç ¨¡¢√Eo ÅûªúÕÉçöÀéÀ BÆæ’éÌ-î√a®Ω’.

2) Éçûªèπ◊ ´·çü¿’ N -Jç* ÖØ√oç. Few = ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ™‰ü¿EÅ®Ωnç. Few minutes = No minutes. A few = small

number (ûªèπ◊\´ Ææçêu™) ÉC English usage

(¢√úø’éπ).

v°æ ¡o: 1. Thank, thankful ´’üµ¿u ûËú≈ N´-Jç-îªçúÕ.2. ÇJ-§ÚßË’ D°æç. DEo ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ à´’ç-ö«®Ω’?3. £æ«ûª’úø’/ £æ«ûª’-®√©’†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ à´’ç-ö«®Ó ûÁ©’-°æçúÕ.4. Award ÉîËa ¢√∞¡x†’ ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊ v°æûËuéπ °æü¿ç Öçü∆?5. ÅûªúÕ @Nûªç ÇJ-§ÚßË’ D°æç. ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ à´’ç-ö«®Ω’?

– á. éπ%≠æg-U-û√-®Ω’b†, Eúø-ü¿-¢Ó©’ï¢√•’: 1) Thank you, Thanking you äéπ-JéÀ üµ¿†u-¢√-ü∆©’ îÁÊ°pç-ü¿’èπ◊¢√úøû√ç– ÉC ûª°æ¤p é¬ü¿’. Thank him, Thank her - É´Fo correct.Thankful (Adjective) †’ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ üË´¤-úÕéÀ éπ%ûª-ïcûª-©’ îÁÊ°pç-ü¿’èπ◊¢√-úø-û√ç. Ç Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ Thankful to God Å†ç. ThankfulÅçõ‰ God °æôxØË. ´’†’-≠æfl© °æôx é¬ü¿’. Åéπ\úø God omit îË≤ƒhç.Thank E verb í¬ á´-J-ÈéjØ√ ¢√úø-´îª’a.

2) Light about to go out/ to be snuffed off.

3) The murdered= £æ«ûª’--úø’/ £æ«ûª’-®√©’. (The deceased Å†- îª’a,Å®·ûË îªE-§Ú-®·†¢√∞¡Ÿx ÅØË Å®Ωn¢Ë’ ´Ææ’hçC, £æ«ûªu-´©x ´÷vûª¢Ë’é¬èπ◊çú≈)

4) Award ÉîËa ¢√∞¡x†’ -ûÁ-LÊ°ç-ü¿’èπ◊ v°æûËuéπ¢Á’i† ´÷ô Åçô÷ àC-™‰ü¿’.Å®·ûË Ç Å-®ΩnçûÓ Award giver/ award conferor ÅE Å†-´îª’a.Confer= •£æ›-´’A/ °æ¤®Ω-≤ƒ\®Ωç v°æü∆†ç îË-ßª’-úøç ( A conferred theaward on B)

5) His life is like a light about to go out/ about to be snuffed out.

v°æ ¡o: 1.He supportednuclear energy, addingwe have to find newsources.

2. The three men took ahouse for rent claiming to be Ayurvedic doc-tors.

3. He sat back waiting for noise subsiding.4. He came out with a loaded remark, telling

them you are doing good job.

Â°j ¢√é¬u™x underline îËÆœ† ing formsàßË’ tense ™ à N-üµ¿-¢Á’i† action ûÁ©’-°æ¤-û√-ßÁ÷N´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’.

5. To E result í¬ èπÿú≈ ®√≤ƒh-®Ωç-ö«®Ω’. á™«?6. This is to certify that. -Ééπ\-úø to †’ á™« Å®Ωnç-

îË-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√™ ûÁL-ßª’-ñ‰-ßª’í∫-©®Ω’.

– -áÆˇ.íı-K-¨¡çéπ®˝, -§ƒ-´’-v®Ω’ ï¢√•’: '...'ing' form äéπ °æEE îËßª’úøç/ îËÆæ’h†o/îËÆæ÷h, ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úøû√ç. ÉC present, past

or future ÅØËC, ÅC ´îËa sentence ™E verb

†’ •öÀd Öçô’çC. îª÷úøçúÕ.

1. He supported Nuclear energy adding that

we had (have Ééπ\úø ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’) to find new

sources = éÌûªh ´†-®Ω’©’ éπ†’-íÌ-Ø√-©ç-ô÷ (-Éçé¬Åçô÷,) Åù’-¨¡-éÀhE Çßª’† Ææ´’-Jnç-î√úø’.

îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆ Ééπ\úø adding= Éçé¬ Åçô÷ (Åçõ‰´·çü¿’ îÁ°œpç-ü∆-EéÀ Éçé¬ îËJa Åçô÷)– Ééπ\úøadding- Past éπü∆, Ææ´’-Jnç-îª-úøç, Past é¬•öÀd.

2. The three men took a house for rent claim-

ing to be Ayurvedic doctors= Çßª·-Í®yü¿¢Ájü¿’u©ç ÅE îÁ°æ¤p-èπ◊çô÷ É©’x ÅüÁlèπ◊ BÆæ’èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’. BÆæ’èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’– Past, é¬•öÀd claiming èπÿú≈past.

3. He sat back waiting for the noise subsiding-

Ééπ\úø subsiding (... ing form) ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. He sat

... for the noise to subside- Ææü¿’l-´’-ùÀ-Íí-´-®Ωèπ◊Ç†’-èπ◊E èπÿîª’Ø√oúø’.

4. He came out with a

loaded remark telling

them, 'you are doing a

good job'= O’®Ω’ -î√-™« -´’ç*°æE îËÆæ’h-Ø√o-®Ωçô÷,äéπ Å®Ωn-Ææ-£œ«-ûª- ¢√uêuîË¨»úø’. Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈ ...ing

form, past, verb, came

past é¬•öÀd.

a) Walking down the road, he saw a very tall

man= Road ™ †úø’Ææ÷h (†úø’-Ææ’hç-úøí¬) -î√-™«§Òúø’í¬_ Ö†o úéÀhE îª÷¨»úø’. (Walking- past)

b) I will be in Vijayawada tomorrow, discussing

the topic with my friends= Ñ N≠æßª’ç ´÷ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’-©ûÓ îªJaÆæ÷h, Í®°æ¤ ØË†’ Nï-ßª’-¢√-úø™Öçö«†’ (Discussing- Ééπ\úø future)

c) Listening to the music,

he is dancing-

ÆæçUûªç Nçô÷ (pre-

sent) dance îËÆæ’h-Ø√oúø’.

To +1st RDW (to go, to come, etc)

5) To †’ result ûÁ-LÊ°ç-ü¿’èπ◊ É™« ¢√-úø-û√ç.

The coffee is too hot to drink=

û√í∫-™‰-†çûª ¢ËúÕí¬ ÖçC

(û√í∫-úøç-™‰-C-°æ¤púø’– to drink Ééπ\úø result †’ûÁ©’°æ¤ûª’çC éπü∆? too... to drink= û√í∫-™‰-†çûª.)

I was able to finish the work =

°æE-°æ‹-Jh-îË-ßª’-úøç ïJ-TçC.

To finish = °æ‹Jh-îË-ßª’-úøç– result of my ability.

6) This is to certify that ... †’ É™« Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’éÓ-¢√L:

That... = Ñ °ævûªç™ ûÁL-°œ† N≠æßª’ç, to cer-

tify = Eï-´’E ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊, this is = Ñ °ævûªçÖçC (Éý-•-úÕçC).

Listening to the music, he is dancingListening to the music, he is dancing

441-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

M.SURESAN

v°æ ¡o: The principal wished thestudents all success -™«çöÀ structures or sen-tence patterns ûÓ ÉçTx≠ˇ

improve îËÆæ’-éÓ-´-ú≈-EéÀ, Íé´©çOöÀéÀ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† °æ¤ÆæhéπçÖçü∆?

– G.Ææ’-ïß˝’, Ææûª’h-°æLx

ï¢√•’: à Standard EnglishGrammer book ™ Å®·Ø√O’éÃ patterns üÌ®Ω’-èπ◊-û√®·.

Å®·ûË, A Guide to patternsand usage in English by ASHornby (Oxford) O’èπ◊ î√™«Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-°æ-úø’-ûª’çC.

v°æ ¡o: Çé˙q°∂æ®˝f -ßª‚-E-´-Jq-öÃ -vÂ°Æˇ, Æ‘Â°∂-™¸, -G-GÆœ, -ã-J-ßª’ç-ö¸ -™«çí˚-´’-Ø˛ûª-C-ûª®Ω ÆæçÆæn-©- -≤Úpéπ--Ø˛ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ éÓ®Ω’q -§ƒ®∏√-©’, Æ‘-úŒ-©’ -á-™«-©-Gµ≤ƒh-ßÁ÷ -ûÁ-L-ßª’-ñ‰-ßª’í∫-©®Ω’.

– Èé.°œ.°æ¤®Ω’-≥Ú-ûªhç, -û√-úÕ°æ-vAï¢√•’: Â°ü¿l †í∫-®√-™xE à Â°ü¿l °æ¤Ææh-é¬© shop ™ Å®·Ø√ ÉN

üÌ®Ω’-èπ◊-û√®·. O’èπ◊ é¬´-©-Æœ† Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç Çßª÷ companies

èπ◊ ®√ÊÆh ûÁ©’-Ææ’hçC. -Éç-ô®˝-ØÁ-ö¸ -ü∆y®√ -N-´®√-©’ -ûÁ-©’Ææ’éÓ-´-îª’a.

-Ç-C¢√®Ωç 6 -à-v°œ-™¸ 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2


Sowrabha: You haven't started yet. Aren't yougoing?

(†’Nyçé¬ •ßª’-™‰l-®Ω-™‰ü¿’. †’´¤y ¢Á∞¡x--úøç-™‰ü∆?)

Narmada: Who says I'm not? I'm just waitingfor the traffic to ease off a bit.

(á´-®Ωç-ô’-Ø√o®Ω’ ØË†’ ¢Á∞¡úøç ™‰ü¿E.Traffic ®ΩDl ûªí∫’_-ûª’ç-üË-¢Á÷-†E îª÷Ææ’hØ√o.)

Sowrabha: You won't be starting for anotherhour in that case. The peak traffichour will last that long at least.

(Å™« Å®·ûË, ÉçéÓ í∫çô-í¬_F †’´¤y•ßª’-™‰l -®Ω-™‰´¤. éπFÆæç Åçûª-ÊÆ-°æ-®·Ø√Öçô’çC.)

Narmada: You must know better. I have beenhere for hardly for two days and Ithought that it might thin out in justhalf an hour. By the way, what's thename of the street Susmitha lives inand how do I get there?

(FÍé ûÁL-ßª÷L Ø√éπçõ‰/ †’¢Ëy correcté¬´îª’a. ØËE-éπ\-úø’-†oC ÆæJí¬ È®çvúÓ-V©’èπÿú≈ é¬ü¿’. Åçü¿’-éπE ã Å®Ω-í∫ç-ô™ ®ΩDlûªí∫’_-ûª’ç-ü¿-†’-èπ◊Ø√o. ÅCÆæÍ®, Ææ’ÆœtûªÖçúË OCµÊ°Í®çöÀ? Åéπ\-úÕ-éÀ -á-™«¢Á∞¡úøç?)

Sowrabha: Not to easy to forget it. It's TanguturiStreet. Named after the great free-dom fighter and first CM of AndhraState, the late Tanguturi Prakasam.

(ÅC ´’®Ω-*-§Ú- úøç Åçûª Ææ’©¶µºç é¬ü¿’.ÅC ôçí∫’-ô÷J OCµ. ≤ƒyûªç-vûªu-ßÁ÷-üµ¿’úø÷,Ççvüµ¿ ®√≠æZ ¢Á·ü¿öÀ ´·êu-´’çvA éÃ.¨Ï.ôçí∫’-ô÷J v°æé¬¨¡ç Ê°®Ω’ Â°ö«d®Ω’ ü∆EéÀ.)(The late = éÃJh-¨Ï-≠æfl-™„j†)

Narmada: (Are) you sure that I can go thereeasily?

(Åéπ\-úÕéÀ ØË†’ Ææ’©-¶µºç-í¬ØË ¢Á∞¡x-í∫-©-†EFèπ◊ †´’téπç Öçü∆?)

Sowrabha: Oh, sure. You can't miss the way.You just go straight down the road,and turn left at the next crossing.The third house on the right isSushmita's. I would go with you, if Idid not have this work to do.

(ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈. ÅÆæ©’ ü∆J ûª°æp-™‰´¤. Ñroad ¢Áç•-úÕ-¢ÁRx I crossing ü¿í∫_®Ω áúø-´’-¢Áj°æ¤ A®Ω’í∫’. èπ◊úÕ-¢Áj°æ¤ ´‚úÓ É™‰x Ææ’Æœt-ûªC. Ñ °æE-™‰-èπ◊çõ‰ ØËFoûÓ ´îËa-ü∆ØËo.)

Narmada: OK, then. I'm off.

(ÆæÍ®. ØË†’ •ßª’-™‰l-®Ω’-ûª’Ø√o)Look at the following sentences from theconversation above:

1) I am just waiting for the traffic to ease off a bit

2) The peak traffic hour will last that long

3) Named after the great freedom fighter andfirst CM of Andhra State

4) I thought that it might thin out in half an hour.

1) Ease off= ûªí∫’_-´·êç °æôdúøç/ ¢Á’©xí¬ ûªT_ÇT-§Ú-´úøç.a) It is only after an hour that the rain showed

signs of easing off = ã í∫çô-ÊÆ-°æöÀ ûª®√yûË¢√† ûªí∫’_-´·êç °æõ‰d Ææ÷îª-†©’ éπE-°œç-î√®·.

b) The leader's grip on the party eased offafter its defeat in the elections = §ƒKd í∫ûª áEo-éπ™x ãúÕ-§Ú-®·ç-ûª-®√yûª ÇØ√ßª’-èπ◊-úÕéÀ ü∆E-O’ü¿ °æô’d ûªT_-§Ú-®·çC.

c) The price situation doesn't seen to ease offat all in the near future =

ÆæO’°æ ¶µºN-≠æu-ûª’h™ üµ¿®Ω© °æJ-ÆœnA ÅÆæ©’ ûªÍí_ô’xéπE-°œç-îª-úøç-™‰ü¿’.

d) With the departure of all the guests thepressure on mom has eased off =

ÅA-ü∑¿’-©ç-ü¿®Ω÷ ¢ÁR-§Ú-´-úøçûÓ Å´’t O’ü¿ äAhúÕûªT_-§Ú-®·çC.

eased off = eased up - Åçõ‰ ease off •ü¿’©’ease up èπÿú≈ ¢√úø-´îª’a.ÉC Spoken English ™ ûª®Ωîª÷ NE-°œçîËexpression (Phrasal verb). Practise îËßª’çúÕ.DEéÀ ü¿í∫_®Ω Å®Ωnç Ö†oüË, sentence no 4 ™ thinout îª÷úøçúÕ.Thin out = °æ©-îª-•-úøôç.

a) The crowd that had collected to see thestreet fight thinned out as the policearrived = police ©’ ®√í¬ØË OCµ §Òö«x-ô†’îª÷ÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ í∫’N’-í∫÷-úÕ† ï†ç °æ©-îª-•-úÕ-§Ú-ßª÷®Ω’. (î√™«-´’çC ¢ÁR-§Ú-ßª÷®Ω’)

b) Forests are thinning out forcing wild ani-mals into villages and towns = Åúø-´¤©’°æ©-îª-•-úÕ-§Ú-´úøç ´©x ´†u-´’%-í¬©’ ví¬´÷©’,°æôd-ù«-™xéÀ v°æ¢Ë-Pç-îªéπ ûª°æp-úøç-™‰ü¿’.

c) As the rain eased up, the crowds that hadgathered at the shops and restaurantsthinned out = ´®Ωç ûªí∫’_-´·êç °æôd-í¬ØË shops,restaurants ™ í∫’N’-í∫÷-úÕ† ï†ç °æ©-îª-•-ú≈f®Ω’.

3) Name after = ÉCEnglish ™ î√™« com-mon í¬ ¢√úË expres-sion- á´-J-ÈéjØ√ àÊ°®Ω-®·Ø√ Â°ôdúøç.

a) They named the child

after its grandfather=

Ç Gúøfèπ◊ ûª† û√ûª Ê°®Ω’Â°ö«d®Ω’.

b) Nellore district will soon be named after

the late Potti Sreeramulu =

ØÁ©÷x®Ω’ >™«xèπ◊ ûªy®Ω™ -C-´çí∫-ûª §ÒöÀdX®√-´·©’ Ê°®Ω’ Â°ôd-†’-Ø√o®Ω’.

(The late = C´ç-í∫ûª, éÃJh-¨Ï-≠æfl©’)

c) He named his son after his favourite film

star =

ûª† éÌúø’èπ◊èπ◊ Åûªúø’ ûª† ÅGµ- ÷† ÆœE´÷ †ô’úÕÊ°®Ω’ Â°ô’d-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’.

2) Peak hour/ Peak time/ Peak season = àüÁjØ√´·´’t-®Ωçí¬ ≤ƒÍí Ææ´’ßª’ç.a) Summer is the peak season for the rail-

ways = È®j™‰y v°æßª÷-ù«©’ ¶«í¬ áèπ◊\-´í¬ ÖçúËÆæ´’ßª’ç ¢ËÆæN.

b) During the peak season mangoes sold atRs 200 a dozen = ¶«í¬ T®√éÃ Ö†oÆæ´’-ßª’ç™ ´÷N’-úÕ-°æçúø’x ®Ω÷.200èπ◊ úøïØ˛îÌ°æ¤p-† -Å--´·t-úø-ßª÷u®·.

c) From 9 to 11 in the morning, and from 5 to9 in the evening are the peak traffic hours inany city = à †í∫-®Ωç™ Å®·Ø√ §Òü¿’l† 9 †’ç*11 ´®Ωèπ◊, ≤ƒßª’çvûªç 5 †’ç* 9 ´®Ωèπ◊ traffic ®ΩDl

¶«í¬ áèπ◊\-´í¬ Öçô’çC.[Peak Åçõ‰ ûÁ©’Ææ’ éπü∆?°æ®Ωyûª Pê®Ωç ÅE – Åûª’u-†oûª ≤ƒn†ç/ ≤ƒn®· ÅE.a) The peak of his playing

career is past =

ÅûªúÕ véÃú≈ ¢√u°æ-éπç™ Åûª’u-†oûª ≤ƒn®· ü∆öÀ-§Ú-®·çC. (É°æ¤púøçûª íÌ°æpí¬ Çúø-ôç-™‰ü¿’)

b) He is now at the peak of his acting career=

Åûªúø’ ûª† †ô-†™ Åûª’u-†oûª ≤ƒn®·™ÖØ√oúø’.]

Peak season (¶«í¬ T®√éÃ/ ´·´’t-®Ωçí¬ Ö†oÆæ´’ßª’ç) X Lean season (Åçûª T®√éÃ/´·´’t®Ωç ™‰E Ææ´’ßª’ç.)a) The railways propose to reduce fares dur-

ing the lean season = T®√éÃ ™‰E Ææ´’-ßª÷™xîµ√Kb©’ ûªT_ç-î√-©E È®j™‰y v°æA-§ƒ-C-≤ÚhçC.

b) The city bus is the best during lean traffichours = ®ΩDl ¶«í¬ °æ©-îªí¬ Ö†o°æ¤púø’ city busÖûªh´’ç.

c) The milk prices go up during the lean pro-curement time = §ƒ© ÊÆéπ-®Ωù ¶«í¬ ûªT_ ÖçúËÆæ´’-ßª’ç™ §ƒ© üµ¿®Ω©’ Â°®Ω’-í∫’-û√®·.

(Lean Åçõ‰ ´÷´‚©’ Å®Ωnç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-í∫ü∆ – Ææ†oE.)He is lean and tall = Åûª†’ Ææ†oí¬ §Òúø’í¬_Öçö«úø’. -Ñ -Å®Ωn-ç-ûÓ lean x fat.

it might thin out in an hourit might thin out in an hour

M.SURESAN


EXERCISE

Match the expressions under A with theirmeanings under B

A B

1 Wither A Try

2 Endeavour B Lessen

3 Relapse C Trickle

4 Lighten D Inform

5 Seep E Dryup

F Revert

G Add

KEY: 1-E, 2-A, 3-F, 4-B, 5-C.

EXPLANATIONS:

1) Wither = (E) Dryup= áçúÕ-§Ú-´úøç/ ¢√úÕ-§Ú-´úøç/-´-úø-L-§Ú-´úøç.Withered flowers = ¢√úÕ-§Ú-®·† °æ‹©’.Withered leaves = ¢√úÕ† Çèπ◊©’.a) The plant has withered in the hot sun =

áçúø ¢ËúÕéÀ ¢Á·éπ\ áçúÕ-§Ú-®·çC (îªE-§Ú-®·çC)b) After a bout of typhoid he looks withered =

Typhoid üÁ•s-´©x Åûªúø’ ¶«í¬ F®Ω-Æœç-*-†ô’xéπE-°œ-Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’. (bout = ï•’s ûªí∫-©úøç/ Ç ï•’s-´¤-†o-é¬©ç)

c) We water plants to keep them from wither-ing = áçúÕ-§Ú-èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢Á·éπ\-©èπ◊F∞¡Ÿx §Ú≤ƒhç.

d) Our hopes have withered away = ´’†Ç¨¡-©Fo ÖúÕ-T-§Ú-ßª÷®·.

Wither X refresh/ renew/ revive = AJT°æ‹®Ωy°æ¤ ¨¶µº §Òçü¿úøç.The greenery has revived with the recent rain= Ñ ´’üµ¿u ¢√†© ´©x °æîªa-ü¿†ç ´’S °æ¤çV-èπ◊çC/°æîªa-ü¿†ç AJ-íÌ-*açC.

2) Endeavour = (A) Try = v°æßª’-Aoç-îªúøç,v°æßª’ûªoç.Try/ attempt éπçõ‰ ÉC é¬Ææh ví¬çC∑éπç.Pronunciation- ÉØ˛-úÁ´.a) It shall be the endeavour of every citizen

to serve the country selflessly =

E≤ƒy®Ωnçí¬ üË¨»-EéÀ ÊÆ´ îËßª÷-©-ØËC v°æA §˘®Ω’úÕv°æßª’-ûªoçí¬ Öçú≈L.

b) I will endeavour my best to serve thecountry =

Ø√ üË¨»-EéÀ ÊÆ´ îËÊÆç-ü¿’Íé ØË†’ ¨»ßª’-¨¡-èπ◊h™« éπ%≠œîË≤ƒh†’.

c) His endeavours were all in vain = ÅûªúÕv°æßª’-û√o-©Fo ´%ü∑∆ Åßª÷u®·.

3) Relapse = (F) Revert = AJT (Åüµ∆y-†çí¬ Ö†o)ßª’üµ∆-Æœn-AéÀ ®√´úøç/ ï•’s-™«ç-öÀN A®Ω-í∫-Â°-ôdúøç(†ßª’- ’ßË’u•ü¿’©’)

a) He had a relapse of jaundice and died

because of that =

é¬¢Á’®Ω’x A®Ω-í∫-Â°-ôdúøç ´©x Åûªúø’ îªE§Úßª÷úø’.

b) He relapsed into silence =

é¬ÊÆ°æ¤ ´÷ö«xúÕ ´’S E¨¡z-•l-¢Á’i-§Ú-ßª÷-úø-ûªúø’.

c) After a break of a few months he relapsed

into drugs =

éÌEo ØÁ©© N®√´’ç ûª®√yûª Åûªúø’ ´’S drugs

BÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç ¢Á·ü¿-©’-Â°-ö«dúø’.

d) A few minutes after coming to, she

relapsed into unconscious state =

ûÁL-¢Ì-*a† éÌCl EN’-≥ƒ-©Íé Ç¢Á’ ´’S Ææp %£æ«éÓ™p-®·çC.

Relapse X Progress.

4) Lighten = (B) lessen- •®Ω’´¤/ ¶«üµ¿uûª™«xçöÀNûªT_ç-îªúøç.

a) By marrying a boy of her choice she light-

ened her parents' burden of searching

for a groom =

ûª†’ áçîª’-èπ◊†o Å¶«s-®·E Â°R îËÆæ’-èπ◊E, ûªLx-ü¿ç-vúø’-©èπ◊ Â°R-éÌ-úø’-èπ◊†’ ¢ÁCÍé ¶«üµ¿uûª/ •®Ω’´¤ûªT_ç-*çC.

b) His getting a job, he lightened his father'sburden =

ÖüÓuí∫ç §Òçü¿-úøç-´©x ûª† ûªçvúÕéÀ ¶«üµ¿uûªûªT_ç-î√-úø-ûª-úø’.

c) The tax burden on senior citizens hasbeen lightened =

´ßÁ÷- %-ü¿’l¥© O’ü¿ °æ†’o ¶µ«®Ωç ûªT_çC.Lighten X Intensify (Bv´-ûª®Ωç îËßª’úøç)

5) Seep = (C) Trickle = ¶Ôô’d-¶Ô-ô’dí¬ Eü∆-†çí¬ûË´’-îË-®Ωúøç/ ûªúø-´úøç.a) Whenever it rained water seeped through

the ceiling and walls =

´®Ωç ´*a-†-°æ¤p-úø™«x éπ°æ¤p, íÓúø-©-™ç* ûË´’é¬®Ω’-ûª’çC/ éπ°æ¤p íÓúø©’ ûË´’ ûË´’í¬ Å´¤-û√®·.

b) Blood seeped through the bandage =Bandage ®ΩéπhçûÓ ûË´’í¬ ÖçC.

c) Because of defective construction water isseeping =

E®√tù ™°æç-´©x F∞¡Ÿx-é¬J íÓúø©’ ûË´’í¬ÖØ√o®·.

Seep X Dry.

-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 8 -à-v°œ-™¸ 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2


v°æ ¡o: 1. President Ms Prathiba

Patil said here onMonday that her Govt.hopes that the agree-ment becomes possible.Ñ ¢√éπuç™ v°æA-¶µ«-§ƒ-öÀ™¸Ê°®Ω’ ´·çü¿’ Mrs ¢√ú≈Léπü∆ Ms áçü¿’èπ◊ ¢√ú≈®Ó N -Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.

2. Yours truly, Yours sincerely, Yours obediently,Yours affectionately, Yours faithfully, Yourslovingly ¢Á·ü¿-™„j† ¢√öÀéÀ Å®√nEo, Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo ûÁL-ßª’-ñ‰-ßª’çúÕ.

3. Letters ™ Thanking you, ûª®√yûª é¬´÷ ( , )áçü¿’èπ◊ Â°ö«d™ N´-Jç-îªçúÕ.

4. Idioms èπ◊ Phrases èπ◊ ûËú≈ à-N’öÀ?–°œ.X-E-¢√-Ææ-®√´¤,°œ®∏√-°æ¤®Ωç

-ï-¢√-•’: 1. Â°∞Îkx† Æ‘Yßª÷ é¬ü∆ ÅE ÆæçüË-£æ«çí¬ Ö†o-°æ¤úø’ Ms ¢√úøû√ç. Â°∞Îkx† Æ‘Y©’ ¢√J É≥ƒdEo•öÀd Mrs¢√úø’-éÓ-´îª’a. ™‰ü∆ Ms (miss) ¢√úø’-éÓ-´îª’a. Â°Rx é¬EÆ‘Y© N≠æ-ßª’ç™ miss °æ‹Jhí¬ ®√≤ƒhç. ¢√∞¡x É≥ƒd-E-≥ƒd©’ ûÁ-L-ßª’-†-°æ¤púø’ Ms¢√úøôç °æü¿l ¥A. Â°∞Îk x†ûª®√yûª èπÿú≈ °æ¤öÀdç-öÀ-¢√∞¡xÉçöÀ-Ê°Í® Â°ô’d-éÓ-´úøç É≠æd-¢Á’iûË èπÿú≈ Ms ÅØË®√≤ƒhç. Nú≈-èπ◊©’ BÆæ’-èπ◊†o¢√J-Ê°®Ω’ ´·çü¿’ èπÿú≈ÅüË.

2) Letter ´·Tç°æ¤-™¢√úË yours truly, yours faith-fully ™«çöÀ expressions †’ subscriptionÅçö«®Ω’.Yours truly: ´’†èπ◊ Åçûªí¬ °æJ-îª-ßª’ç-™‰E ´uèπ◊h-©èπ◊, °æ‹Jhí¬ éÌûªh-¢√∞¡xèπ◊ ®√ÊÆ formal letters èπ◊¢√úË subscription: Yours truly. sir/ madam/

dear sir/ dear madam ™«çöÀ Ææç¶-üµ¿-†©’ ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’ Yours truly, ÅE ®√Æœ Ææçûªéπç Â°úøû√ç.Å®·ûË ÉC American usage ™ áèπ◊\´.Yours faithfully (O’ N¨»yÆæ§ƒ-vûª’-úÁj†). ÉC´·êuçí¬ official letters ´·Tç°æ¤-™ ¢√úË sub-scription. v°æ¶µº’-û√y-Cµ-é¬-®Ω’-©èπ◊, Â°j ÅCµ-é¬-®Ω’-©èπ◊, offi-cial í¬ ´’†-éπçõ‰ superior status ™ Ö†o-¢√-∞¡xèπ◊®√ÊÆ Öûªh-®√™x ¢√úË subscription. sir/ madamÅE Ææç¶-CµçîË letters èπ◊ ÉC ¢√úøû√ç. äéÓ\-≤ƒJDE •ü¿’©’ èπÿú≈ yours truly ¢√úø’-ûª’ç-ö«®Ω’,´·êuçí¬ American usage ™.Yours sincerely ´’†èπ◊ ¶«í¬ ûÁLÆœ† ¢√∞¡x†’ mr/mrs/ miss/ X/ X-´’-A – -O-öÀûÓ ¢√∞¡x -Ê°-®Ω’ûÓ Ææç-¶-Cµç-*-†-°æ¤púø’, ´’† friends èπ◊ ®√ÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’ yours sincerely, ÅE ®√≤ƒhç. Americanusage Å®·ûË sincerely yours, (Å®Ωnç: O’ †´’t-é¬-EéÀ §ƒvûª’-úÁj†)

Yours obediently: ÉC students ¢√∞¡xTeachers/ Headmasters/ Principals èπ◊ ®√ÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’ ¢√úË subscription (ûª´’ NüµË-ßª·-úÁj† ÅØËÅ®ΩnçûÓ)Yours affectionately (Yours affectionatelyÉ°æ¤púø’ ¢√úø’-éπ-™-™‰ü¿’.)/ yours lovingly, (ÅÊ°éπ~/ÅGµ- ÷†ç/ vÊ°´’ûÓ ÉC ´’† îª’ö«d-©èπ◊ ®√ÊÆ

Öûªh-®√™x ¢√úË subscription. Åûªuçûª ÆæEo-£œ«-ûª’-™„j†ûªLx-ü¿ç-vúø’©’, Å†o-ü¿- ·t©’, Åéπ\-îÁ-™„x∞¡Ÿx, ¶µ«®√u-¶µº-®Ωh©’,Ç°æhN’vûª’©’ ™«çöÀ ¢√∞¡xèπ◊, yours lovingly/ withlove/ love ÅE ®√≤ƒhç. (Lots of love ÅE èπÿú≈Åçö«ç)´’† ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’-©èπ◊ ®√ÊÆ Öûªh-®√-©†’ Dear friend/My dear friend -Å-E -v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-îª-úøç Ææ-Jé¬-ü¿’. Mydear -Å-E friend Ê°®Ω’ ®√ßª÷L. My dearNagaraj/ Priyanka; Dearest Nagaraj/Priyanka - ÉN O’ friends names Å®·ûË)

3) Thanking you -Å-E à ®Ωéπ-¢Á’i† letter ™ØÁjØ√ ®√ßª’-

úøç ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. Letters ™matter ´·Tç*, subscrip-tion ®√Æœ Ææçûªéπç Â°úøû√çá°æ¤púø÷. Thanking you -correct letter ™ ü∆EéÀ≤ƒn†ç-™‰ü¿’. é¬•öÀd ü∆Eûª®√yûª comma Öçú≈™«Öçúø-èπÿ-úøü∆ ÅØË îª®Ωa Å†-´-

Ææ®Ωç.4) Phrase Åçõ‰ a group of words without a verb.

In response to your letter (O’ Öûªh-®√-EéÀ Ææpçü¿-†í¬)– ÉC phrase èπ◊ Öü∆-£æ«-®Ωù, áçü¿’-éπçõ‰ ÉCverb ™‰E group of words. Å™«Íí outside theclass hours èπÿú≈. Phrase Å®Ωnç, phrase ™E NúÕ´÷ô© Å®√nEo •öÀd ûÁ©’-Ææ’hçC. ü∆E ¢Á·ûªhç Å®Ωnç,ü∆E-™E ´÷ô© Å®√nEéÀ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*ç-Cí¬ Öçô’çC.

Idiom ÅØ√o èπÿú≈ group of words. Å®·ûË Idiom¢Á·ûªhç Å®√n-EéÃ, Åçü¿’™ Ö†o ´÷ô© Å®√n-EéÀÆæç•çüµ¿ç Öçúøü¿’. Idiom ™E NúÕ ´÷ô© Å®√nEo

•öÀd Idiom ¢Á·ûªhç Å®Ωnç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ™‰ç. Å≤ƒüµ¿uç é¬´îª’aèπÿú≈. eg: The long and(the) short of - ÉC Idiom.DE Å®Ωnç– ≤ƒ®√ç¨¡ç ÅE.The long and (the) shortof his speech is that he is

great = Åûª-úÕ Ö°æ-Ø√uÆæ ≤ƒ®√ç¨¡ç -Åç-û√ ûª†’íÌ°æp¢√úÕ-†E. í∫´’-Eç-î√®Ω’ éπü∆?Idiom ™E long èπ◊,short èπ◊ é¬F, '≤ƒ®√ç¨¡ç— Å-ØË Å®√n-E-éÀí¬F áéπ\ú≈Ææç•çüµ¿ç ™‰ü¿’. long, short †’ •öÀd idiom Å®ΩnçûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ™‰ç. ÉC idiom èπ◊ phrase èπ◊ ûËú≈. ûÁ©’-í∫’™ èπÿú≈ idioms (ñ«B-ßª÷©’/ Ø√†’úÕ) ÖØ√o®·éπü∆. Eg: †úø’ç-¢√-©a-úøç= Nv¨»çA BÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç.

The Mango tastes sweetThe Mango tastes sweet

M.SURESAN


v°æ ¡o: 1. Pronunciation, pronounciation OöÀ™x àC éπÈ®èπ◊d?2. I deserved it ÅØË expression Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ? ´·êuçí¬

deserve èπ◊ Å®Ωnç à´’öÀ?3. Advertisement Ñ °æü∆Eo à N-üµ¿çí¬ pronounce

îËßª÷L? Åúøy-õ„j-Æˇ-¢Á’çö¸ ÅØ√™« ™‰ü∆ Åúøy-öÀ-Æˇ-¢Á’çö¸ÅØ√™«?

4. 'Vote of thanks' ÅØË Idiomatic expression èπ◊ Å®ΩnçàN’öÀ?

5. Content Ñ °æü∆Eo é¬çõ„çö¸ ÅE °æ©-é¬™« -™‰-ü∆ éπçõ„çö¸ÅØ√-™«?

6. 'It is been a wonderful experience'. Ñ ¢√éπuç àtense ™ ÖçC?

7. Enough/ anough – OöÀ™x àC éπÈ®èπ◊d?– áç. Ææ’Í®≠ˇ, ¶„©xç-°æLx

-ï-¢√-•’: 1) Pronunciation, Correct.

2) I deserved it = 1) Ø√é¬ Å®Ω|ûª ÖçúÕçC. 2) Ø√èπ◊ ûªT†¨»ÊÆh ïJ-TçC. Deserve= Å®Ω’|-©-´ôç.

a) I deserved the prize= Prize èπ◊ Å®Ω|ûª Ø√èπ◊ç-úÕçC.(Ø√èπ◊ ®√¢√-LqçC Ç prize)

b) I did the wrongthing. So I deserved the punishment= ØË†’ ûª°æ¤p îË¨»†’. Ø√éÃ Péπ~ °æú≈-LqçüË.

3) Advertisement Pronunciation: British: Å-úÌy-öÀ-Æˇ-¢Á’ç-ö¸– úÌy – Bird ™ • '™«í¬—, úÌy ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç.

American= Åúøy(®˝)õ„jñ -¢Á’çö¸– ñ¸ size ™ z -™«, tiseØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç.

4) Vote of thanks - Éçü¿’™ vote èπ◊ Å®Ωnç ™«çîµª-†-v§ƒßª’ç(formal) í¬ éπ%ûª-ïcûª ûÁLÊ° *†o v°æÆæçí∫ç ÅE.

5) äéπ °æ¤Ææh-éπç™ Ö†o N≠æßª’ç, äéπ §ƒvûª ™«çöÀ ¢√öÀ™Ö†o ´Ææ’h-´¤©’ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ content †’– é¬çõ„ç-ö¸í¬ pro-nounce îË≤ƒhç ('é¬ç— ´’K Åçûª D®Ω`ç é¬ü¿’)

ûª%°œhí¬ Ö†o/ -ûª%-°œh-°æ-úÕ†/ ûª%°œh-éπ-L_çîË ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ Å®·ûËéπçõ„ç-ö¸í¬ pronounce îË≤ƒhç, -õ„ç ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç.

6) It is been a wonderful experience – ÉC ÆæÈ®j† sen-tence é¬ü¿’. DEéÀ ÆæÈ®j† form, It's (It has) been a won-derful experience= ÅC î√™« Åü¿’s¥-ûª-¢Á’i† Å†’-¶µº´ç–tense - present perfect ('be' form).

v°æ ¡o: 1. véÀÈéö¸ é¬¢Á’ç-ô-K™ 'welcomeboundary' Å†o °æü¿ç ¶«í¬ NE-°œ-Ææ’hçC. DE Å®Ωn-¢Ë’-N’öÀ?2. B.Ed. Åçõ‰ Bachelor of

Education, D.Ed. Åçõ‰Diploma in Education. äéπ-îÓô'of' ´’®Ó-îÓô 'in' áçü¿’èπ◊´î√a®·?

3. äéπö °æôdù §ÚMÆˇ ÊÆd≠æ-Ø˛†’ Itown Police Station Åçô’-Ø√o®Ω’.Ist town police station Å†-èπÿ-úøü∆?

4. The Text Booklet is printed infound (4) series, viz. A,B,C,D.Ñ ¢√éπuç™ viz. °æ‹Jh ®Ω÷°æç,Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ?

– °œ.X-E-¢√Æˇ, Å´’t-éπ\-Ê°ö¸--ï-¢√-•’: Welcome boundary =≤ƒyí∫-Aç-îª-ûª-T† boundary Åçõ‰ Çboundary Ç†çü¿ç éπ-L-Tç-îËC.Welcome news= ≤ƒyí∫-Aç-îª-ûª-T†(Åçûª Ç†ç-ü¿-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† ¢√®Ωh)Bachelor (B.A., B.Sc) ™«çöÀ¢√öÀ™x ûª®√yûª á°æ¤púø÷ 'of',Diploma ûª®√yûª á°æ¤púø÷ 'in',usage. DEéÀ rule Åçô÷ àç ™‰ü¿’.(¢√úø’éπ=usage).

Ééπ\úø one town Åçõ‰ ¢Á·ü¿öÀ°æôdùç ÅE Å®Ωnç é¬ü¿’– one town= †í∫-®Ωç™ äéπö N¶µ«í∫ç/ v°æüË ¡ç(Area) èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† ÅE. Å™«Íí2 town Åçõ‰ °æôd-ùç™ È®çúÓ Areaèπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† ÅE. Viz.Abbreviation for namely = ¢Á·ü¿-©’-í¬-í∫©/ ¢Á·ü¿-™„j†. All the formerTelugu actors viz ANR, NTR,SVR, Savithri, etc = ANR, NTR,SVR, ≤ƒNvA ¢Á·ü¿-™„j† í∫ûª†ô’-©ç-ü¿®Ω÷.

v°æ ¡o: ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ´÷ö«x-úø-ö«-EéÀ O™„j-†ç-ûª vocabulary

ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´úøç ´·êu´÷ ™‰ü∆ sentence struc-

ture ´·êu´÷? Sentence Structures ¶«í¬practise îËßª’úøç ´·êu´÷ îªü¿’-´¤-ûª’çõ‰ Å¢Ë´≤ƒh-ßª÷? ÅÆæ©’ total structure S+V+O éπü∆.äéÓ\-≤ƒJ î√™« Â°ü¿l ¢√éπuç ™«çöÀC Ææ¶„b-èπ◊dí¬,î√™« Â°ü¿l¢√éπuç object í¬ Öçô’çC. É™«ç-öÀ-¢√-öÀE frame îËÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç á™«? 'E†o ≤ƒßª’çvûªç´÷ ÉçöÀ-éÌ*a †’Ny-*a† áv®Ω-®Ωç-í∫’- <-®Ω†’ °œ-©x¢√úø’Çúø’-èπ◊çô’ §Ò®Ω-¶«-ô’† ûªí∫’-©-¶„-ö«dúø’.— Éçü¿’-™<®Ω(s)+ °œ©x-¢√úø’(o)+ ûªí∫-©-¶„-ôd-úøç(v). É™«çöÀ§Òúø’-í∫’ -¢√-é¬u©’ á™« îËÆæ’-éÓ-¢√L? Main rules

ûÁL-ßª’-ñ‰-ßª’-í∫-©®Ω’.– -ßª·.XE-¢√-Ææ-®√´¤, ï®Ω’-í∫’´’Lx (v°æé¬-¨¡ç->™«x)

-ï-¢√-•’: 1) English ¶«í¬ ´÷ö«x-ú≈L, ®√ßª’í∫©í¬MÅçõ‰ ´’†ç áçûª English îªC-NûË Åçûª-¶«í¬´Ææ’hçC. Å®·ûË Å™« îªC¢Ëô°æ¤púø’ Ç sentence

structures, usage, new words, ÅN á™« use

îË »-®ΩØË ¢√öÀ O’ü¿ ü¿%≠œd Öç* îªü¿-¢√L. Åçü¿’ÍéReading benefits the prepared rye and

mind. ã ®Ωîª-®·ûª ®√Æœ† sentence structure

á™« ÖçüÓ í∫´’-EÆæ÷h îªü¿-¢√L. îªü¿-´-úøç°æ‹®Ωhßª÷uéπ ´’† mind ™E auto register Çv°æßÁ÷-í¬-©†’ Åv°æ-ßª’-ûªoçí¬ ´’†ûÓ °æL-éÀÆæ’hçC,®√®·-Ææ’hçC. Prepared mind and eye éÀ Öü∆-£æ«-®Ωù: Newton ´·çü¿’ î√™«´’çC °æçúø’x éÀçü¿-°æ-úøôç îª÷¨»-®Ω’é¬F ¶µº÷N’éÀ Çéπ-®Ω-ù-¨¡éÀh Öçü¿ØËCÇßª’†éÌéπ\-úÕÍé Ææ’p¥Jç-*çC. îªC-¢Ë--ô°æ¤púø’ sen-

tences í∫´’-EÊÆh î√©’. Å™«Íí vocabulary

èπÿú≈. Word lists •öÃd°æ-ôd-úøç ´©x ®√ü¿’. îªü¿’-´¤-ûª’çõ‰ à´÷ô á™«- ¢√-ú≈™ èπÿú≈ (Å®Ωnç äéπõ‰é¬èπ◊çú≈) ûÁ©’-Ææ’hçC.

2) Subject of a sentence äéπ\ ´÷ôí¬/ äéπphrase (Group of words without a verb)/

äéπ clause Öçúø-´îª’a.

a) The Mango tastes sweet- Subject- Mango

(one word)

b) The book explaining the procedure is inour library- DE subject- The bookexplaining the procedure = äéπ phrase(group of words without a verb)

c) The book I was reading yesterday is veryinteresting. Subject- The book ... yester-day- clause (group of words with a verb)

'î√™« Â°ü¿l ¢√éπuç, subject í¬, î√™« Â°ü¿l-¢√éπuçobject í¬ Öçô’ç-ü¿E ®√¨»®Ω’. Subject, objectÅEo éπL-°œ-ûËØË éπü∆ ¢√éπuç ÅßË’uC. Subject,object í¬ éπE°œçîË Â°ü¿l-¢√-é¬u©’, O’®Ω-†’-èπ◊-ØË™«¢√é¬u©’ (sentences) é¬´¤. ÅN Â°j† îª÷°œç-*†Nüµ¿çí¬ Â°ü¿l, Â°ü¿l phrases/ clauses ´÷vûª¢Ë’Å´¤-û√®·. Subject í¬F, objects é¬F ¢√ôç-ûª-ô-Å¢Ë sentences é¬´¤ éπü∆. Sentence Å¢√y-©çõ‰°æ‹Jh Å®Ωnç Öçú≈L. Subject/ Object äéπ\õ‰°æ‹Jh Å®Ωnç É´yü¿’.

'E†o ≤ƒßª’çvûªç... ûªí∫©¶„ö«dúø’.—Ñ sentence èπ◊ English:

Our boy while playing got burnt bychance the red sari you gave us yester-day when you came to us.

Ñ sentence †’ ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ:Éçü¿’™ °œ©x-¢√úø’ (our boy) O’®Ω-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-†ô’xobject (o) é¬ü¿’. subject (S) éπü∆. Gotburnt- ÉC verb (V). üËEo ûªí∫-©-¶„-ö«dúø’? SariE é¬•öÀd sari, object (o), subject (s) é¬ü¿’.The red sari which you gave us yester-day when you come to us - ¢Á·ûªhç objectí¬ èπÿú≈ BÆæ’-éÓ-´îª’a. Å°æ¤p-úøC (object) È®çúø’clauses Å´¤-û√®·. Å®·ûË Spoken English™ á°æ¤p-úø÷, written English ™ áèπ◊\-´-≤ƒ®Ω’xÉ™«çöÀ complicated structure ¢√úøç.Clipped sentences áèπ◊\´ ¢√úøû√çSpoken English ™, short sentences writ-ten english ™. Å°æ¤púø’ reader èπ◊ strainÖçúøü¿’. Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ Åçûª §Òúø’í∫’¢√é¬u© Å´-Ææ®Ωç àN’öÀ?

í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 10 -à-v°œ-™¸ 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2


Subodh: Oh, you are late. You've upset mywhole programme.

(†’´¤y Ç©-Ææuçí¬ ´î√a´¤. Ø√ programmeÅçû√ ûª©-éÀçü¿©’ îË¨»´¤.)

upset= (1) ´’†ç îËßª÷-©-†’-èπ◊-†oN ÅÆæh-úÆæhç Å®·-§Ú-´úøç. upset= (2) éÓ°æp-úø-ôç/worry é¬-´-úøç)

Pranav: I'm sorry. My bike broke down on theway and it took an hour for me to haveit set right.

(Sorry, ´’üµ¿u™ Ø√ bike îÁúÕ-§Ú-®·çC.ü∆Eo ´’Sx ÆæJîË®·ç-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊ í∫çô-°æ-öÀdçC.)

Subodh: I'm afraid if we go now we'll be break-ing in on the meeting of the our bossand the MD. The boss had told me thathe had an important meeting with theMD and that at this time we couldn'tmeet him alone.

(´’†ç É°æ¤púø’ ¢ÁRûË ´’† boss, MD(Managing Director) © meeting èπ◊ Åçûª-®√ßª’ç éπ-L-T≤ƒh-¢Ë’-¢Á÷ Å†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o. ûª†èπ◊MD ûÓ ´·êu-¢Á’i† meeting Öçü¿E, ûª†Ftime ™ äçô-Jí¬ éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-™‰- ’E ÅØ√oúø’.)

Pranav: So what shall we do now?

(Å®·ûË -´’-†çÉ°æ¤púø’ àçîË-ßª÷L?)

Subodh: You have yourcell. You couldhave called meand told me ofyour bike breaking down.

(F cell ÖçC éπü∆? F bike îÁúÕ-§Ú-®·†N≠æßª’ç Ø√èπ◊ phone îËÆæ’ç-úÌ-îª’a-éπü∆?)

Pranav: Our seeing him today is very impor-tant. If we can't, we shall miss theopportunity of confiding certain thingsin him.

(Çßª’-Fo-®ÓV éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´úøç ´’†èπ◊ î√™«´·êuç. ™‰éπ-§ÚûË Åûª-úÕûÓ éÌEo N≠æ-ßª÷©’®Ω£æ«-Ææuçí¬ îÁ°æ¤p-éÌØË Å´-é¬-¨»Eo éÓ™pû√ç.)

Subodh: Are you talking about some one break-ing into his office and making awaywith important files?

(†’ý-ØËC Çßª’† office ™éÀ á´®Óv°æ¢Ë-Pç* éÌEo files üÌçí∫-ûª†ç îËßª’úøçí∫’Jçî√?)

Pranav: Exactly. (ÅüË)

Subodh: Is it being wise? May not the culprits

give us trouble?

(ûÁL-¢Áj† °æØËØ√ ÅC? Ç ûª°æ¤pîËÆœ-†-¢√∞¡Ÿx´’†O’ü¿ °æúÌîª’a éπü∆?)

culprit= üÓ≠œ/ -ØË-®Ω-Ææ’núø’

Pranav: How will they know?

(¢√∞¡x-Èé™« ûÁ©’-Ææ’hçC?)

Subodh: (Are) you sure of that? Then OK.

(Ç †´’téπç Fèπ◊çü∆? Å®·ûË ÆæÍ®.)

Look at the following sentences from the dia-logue above.

1) My bike broke down on the way

2) We'll be breaking in on meeting of our boss

and the MD.

3) We shall miss the opportunity of confiding

certain things in him.

1) Broke down = past tense of break down =ßª’çvû√-™«xç-öÀN îÁúÕ-§Ú-´-úøç/ °æE-îË-ßª’éπ §Ú´-úøç/ÇT--§Ú-´-úøç.a) The bus full of passengers broke down

half way through the level crossing =

Level crossing ü∆ô’-ûª’ç-úøí¬ ´’üµ¿u™ v°æßª÷-ùÀ-èπ◊-©ûÓ EçúÕ† Ç bus îÁúÕ-§Ú®· ÇT-§Ú-®·çC.

Halfway through= ´’üµ¿u™, A number of

people left halfway through the meeting =

Ææ´÷-¢Ë¨¡ç ´’üµ¿u™ î√-™«-´’çC ¢ÁRx-§Ú-ßª÷®Ω’.

b) As one of the LPG plants broke down

cooking gas is in short supply =

LPG ßª’çvû√™x äéπöÀ îÁúÕ-§Ú-´úøç ´©x ´çôgas éÌ®Ω-ûªí¬ ÖçC. Break down Åçõ‰Åçûª-®√ßª’ç éπ-©í∫úøç Å-ØË Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ ÖçC.

a) The talks between the management andworkers' union has broken down=

ßª÷ï-´÷-Ø√u-EéÀ é¬Jtéπ Ææç°∂æ÷-©èπ◊ ´’üµ¿u îª®Ωa©’N°∂æ-©-´’-ßª÷u®·/ ¢√öÀéÀ Åçûª-®√ßª’ç éπL-TçC.

b) The breakdown of power has affectedagriculture =

Nü¿’u-îªa ¥éÀh Åçûª-®√ßª’ç ú´-≤ƒ-ßª÷Eo üÁ•s-B-ÆœçC.

Break down Åçõ‰ ´’®Ó Å®Ωnç ´’†-Ææ’-™E ¶«üµ¿†’Ç°æ¤-éÓ-™‰éπ éπ∞¡x-F∞¡Ÿx Â°ô’d-éÓ-´úøçWhen I told her the news she broke down=a) ØËØ√-Núøèπ◊ Ç ¢√®Ωh îÁ°æp-í¬ØË éπ∞¡x-F∞¡Ÿx Â°ô’d-èπ◊çC,

ü¿’”ë«Eo Ç°æ¤éÓ-™‰éπ.

b) The pak captain brokedown unable to bearthe defeat =

ãôN’ ¶µºJç-îª-™‰éπ pakcaptain éπ∞¡x-F∞¡Ÿx Â°ô’d-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’.

2) Break in on = äéπîÓöÀéÀ ¢ÁRx Åéπ\úÕ¢√∞¡x °æEéÀÅçûª-®√ßª’ç éπL-Tç-îªúøç.

a) He has no manners. He broke in on uswhen we were discussing something =Åûª-úÕéÀ manners ™‰ü¿’. ¢Ë’¢Ë’üÓ îªJaç-îª’-èπ◊ç-ô’çõ‰ ´’üµ¿u™ Åúø’f-°æ-ú≈fúø’/ ´*a Åçûª-®√ßª’çéπL-Tç-î√úø’.

b) Sorry, I'll come later. You appear to be inserious work and I don't like to break in onyou =

Sorry, ´’Sx ´≤ƒhØËx. †’¢ËyüÓ °æE-O’-ü¿’-Ø√o´¤. Féπ-úø’f-ûª-í∫-©-úøç Ø√éÀ≠ædç™‰ü¿’.

3) confide in = äéπ-JE †N’t, ´’† Ççûª-®Ωç-T-èπ◊©’í¬ -¶µ«-Nç-* ´’† ®Ω£æ«-≤ƒu©Fo ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ îÁ°æp-úøç.

a) The pandavas always confided in Lord

Krishna =

§ƒçúø-´¤-™„-°æ¤púø÷ ¢√∞¡x ®Ω£æ«-≤ƒu©Fo éπ%≠æflg-úÕûÓîÁ°æ¤p-éÌ-ØË-¢√∞¡Ÿx.

b) He is too strong minded to confide in any

one =

á´JûÓ†÷ ûª† ®Ω£æ«-≤ƒu©’ îÁ°æ¤p-éÓ-†çûª í∫öÀd´’†-Ææ’-†o-¢√úø’.

My bike brMy bike broke downoke down

M.SURESAN


EXERCISE

Match the words/ expressions under Awith their meanings under B

A B

1 Perfume A Foul smell

2 Stink B Exactly (on time)

3 Bawl C be fond of

4 On the dot D Throw

5 Have a soft spot for E Scent

F Silence

G Shout.

KEY: 1 E, 2 A, 3 G, 4 B, 5 C.

Explanations:

1) Perfume = (E) Scent = °æJ-´’∞¡ç/ Ææ’¢√-Ææ†

a) The jasmine is a flower with the sweetest

perfume =

î√™«/ Åûªuçûª Çéπ-®Ω-ùÃ-ßª’-¢Á’i† Ææ’¢√-Ææ†/ °æJ-´’∞¡çÖçúË °æ¤´¤y ´’™„x

b) The perfume of roses filled the room =

í∫’™«-H© Ææ’¢√-Ææ-†ûÓ í∫C EçúÕ-§Ú-®·çC/ Ææ’¢√-Ææ†í∫CE Eç°œçC.

Perfume Åçõ‰ Åûªh®Ω’ ÅØË Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ ÖçC.°æJ-´’∞¡ vü¿úç éπL-°œ† vü¿¢√©’, ´’†ç äçöÀéÀ®√Ææ’-èπ◊-ØËN èπÿú≈ perfumes.

c) you can find a wide range of perfumes in

that store =

Ç ü¿’é¬-ùç™ NÆæh %ûª v¨ÏùÀ °æJ-´’-∞«-©†’/ Åûªh-®Ω’-©†’ †’´¤y îª÷úÌîª’a.

d) There is no mistaking who it is. The perfume

gives her out =

á´-®Ω’-Ø√o-J-éπ\úø ÅØË N≠æ-ßª’ç™ §Ò®Ω-§ƒô’ ™‰ü¿’.Ç¢Á’ ¢√úË ÅûªhÍ® Ç¢Á’ Öçü¿E ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’çC/Ç¢Á’†’ °æöÀdçîËÆæ’hçC.

É°æ¤púø’ perfume •ü¿’©’ spray ¢√úø’-ûª’Ø√oç.perfume bottle èπ◊ sprayer (´‚ûª ØÌéÀ\ûË ´çöÀO’CéÀ ï©’x™« °æúË à®√pô’) -Öç-úø-ôç-ûÓ -Ç per-

fume †’ -´’-†ç spray -(-ï-©’x-™«°æ-úË-ô’x) îËÆæ’-èπ◊çö«ç éπü∆. Åçü¿’-éπE É°æ¤púø’ perfume †’spray ÅE èπÿú≈ Åçô’Ø√oç.

perfume x stink/ stench (éπç°æ¤)

2) stink (A) = foul smell = ü¿’®√y-Ææ†.

fowl = îÁúø’/ Å-Ø√£æ…x-ü¿-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i†.

a) The stink from the rotting carcasses filled

the place =

èπ◊∞¡Ÿx-ûª’†o Ç ïçûª’-´¤© éπ∞Ï-•-®√© †’ç*´Ææ’h†o éπç°æ¤ûÓ Ç v°æüË-¨¡-´’çû√ EçúÕ-§Ú-®·çC.

rotting = èπ◊∞¡Ÿx-ûª’†o/ ´·®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o. carcass

pronunciation - é¬éπÆˇ – ïçûª’´¤© ´’%ûª-üË-£æ…©’(´·êuçí¬ Â°ü¿l ïçûª’-´¤-©-N).

b) Not having been cleaned for days, the bath-

room is stinking =

®ÓV© ûª®Ω-•úÕ ¨¡Ÿv¶µºç îËßª’-éπ-§Ú- -úøçûÓ ≤ƒo-Ø√-©í∫-C í∫-ü¿’©Fo éπç°æ¤ éÌúø’--ûÓç-C.

c) His name stinks in this area =

Ñ v°æüË-¨¡ç™ ÅûªúÕ Ê°®Ωç-õ‰ØË ÅÆæ-£œ«uç-îª’-èπ◊ç-ö«-®Ω’(-Å-ûª-úÕ Ê°J-éπ\úø èπ◊∞¡Ÿx éπç°æ¤ éÌúø’-ûª’-†o-ü¿E)

Stink (present) - stank/ (past) - stunk (past

participle)

Stinking (éπç°æ¤ éÌúø’-ûª’†o) x fragrance(Ææ’¢√-Ææ† éπLT Ö†o.) Fragrance = Ææ’¢√-Ææ† =perfume

3) Bawl = (G) shout = Å®Ω-´úøç/ íÌúø-´-îË-ßª’úøç/íÓ©-Â°-ôdúøç, î√™« éÓ°æçûÓ/ ®√ü∆l¥çûªç îËßª’úøç.

a) As soon as he came in he bawled at thesecretary for not completing the work =

´<a ®√í¬ØË, °æE -°æ‹JhîËßª’-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ secretaryO’ü¿ éÓ°æçûÓ ÅJ-îË-¨»úø’.

b) Don't bawl orders at me. I am not yourservant =

Ø√ O’ü¿ ÅJ* Çñ«c-°œç-îªèπ◊. ØËØËç F °æE-´’-E-≠œE é¬†’.

c) Your bawling can't threaten me. Cooldown = F Å®Ω’-°æ¤©’ -†-ØËoç ¶„C-Jç-îª´¤. ûªí∫’_.Bawl Åçõ‰ Gí∫_-®Ωí¬ àúø’-°æ¤©’/ Â°úø-¶Ô-•s©’Â°ôdúøç ÅØË Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ ÖçC.

4. On the dot = (B) exactly on time éπ*a-ûªçí¬Å†’-èπ◊†o Ææ´’-ßª÷-EéÀ.

a) The train arrived at 4.15 on the dot =

Train correct í¬/ éπ*a-ûªçí¬ 4.15èπ◊ ´*açC.(äéπ ÂÆéπ†’ èπÿú≈ ûËú≈ ™‰èπ◊çú≈)

b) I'll be here at 5 on the dot/ at 5 sharp =

ØËE-éπ\úø éπ*a-ûªçí¬ 5 í∫çô-©èπ◊ Öçö«.

(on the dot = sharp = Å†’-èπ◊-†o Ææ´’-ßª÷-EéÀéπ*a-ûªçí¬)

5) Have a soft spot for = (C) be fond of =

(äéπJ °æôx v°æûËuéπ ÅGµ- ÷†ç Öçúøôç)

If someone has a soft spot for some one

else=

äéπ-J-°æôx ÉçÈé- -J-ÈéjØ√ v°æûËu-é¬-Gµ- ÷†ç Ö†o°æ¤púø’,(¢√∞¡x O’ü¿ Ñí∫ ¢√©-Eýç/ ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ à Ææ£æ…-ßª’-¢Á’iØ√ îË≤ƒhç/ ¢√∞¡x ûª°æ¤p©’ ´’†èπ◊ éπE-°œç-îª´¤.)

a) Drona had always a soft spot for Arjuna =

vüÓù’-úÕéÀ Å®Ω’b-†’-úøçõ‰ v°æûËu-é¬-Gµ- ÷†ç.

b) Most people have a soft spot for their

home town/ home =

î√™«- ’ç-CéÀ ¢√∞¡x ÆæyÆæn©ç °æôx v°æûËu-é¬-Gµ- ÷†çÖçô’çC.

Have a soft spot for x be prejudicedagainst

(prejudice = E®√-üµ∆-®Ω-¢Á’i† ü¿’®Ω-Gµ-v§ƒßª’ç).

Q. 1. A child is crying ÅØË ¢√é¬uEo questiontag ™ ®√ßª÷-©çõ‰ child ÅØË-ü∆-EéÀéπ*a-ûªçí¬ male, female ÅE ûÁ-L-ßª’ü¿’é¬•öÀd ûªT† pronoun àC?

2. I am a boy ÅØË ¢√éπuç™ question tagaren't I ÅE áçü¿’èπ◊ ®√ßª÷L? ¢√éπuç™helping very àC Öçõ‰ ÅüË ®√Ææ’-éÓ-¢√L éπü∆.N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.

– Èé.®√-ñ¸- π◊-´÷®˝, îª©x-í∫-Jí∫

A. 1) A child is crying, isn't it? Child -†’English ™ ≤ƒ--üµ∆®Ω-ùçí¬ 'It' Åçö«®Ω’.Gúøf Åçõ‰ ´’í¬/ -Çú≈ é¬´îª’a. Åçü¿’-éπEÅC English ™ It Å´¤-ûª’çC.

2) I am a boy, aren't I?

Ééπ\úø Question tag, aren't I ÅØË´Ææ’hçC. ÉC ¢√úø’éπ (usage). Are ÅØËüËhelping verb.

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 13 -à-v°œ-™¸ 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2


Prahlad: Very difficult to get on with Nishit. Noknowing when he loses his temper.

(Nishit ûÓ ¢Ëí∫úøç éπ≠æd¢Ë’. ¢√úÕ-Èé-°æ¤púø’éÓ°æç ´Ææ’hçüÓ ûÁL-ßª’ü¿’.)

Prasen: So it is. I've experienced it as well.That's why I am very careful how I talkto him.

(Å´¤†’ Ø√èπÿ Å†’-¶µº´ç Å®·uçC. Åçü¿’-éπØË ¢√úÕûÓ ´÷ö«x-úË-ô-°æ¤púø’ ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬Öçö«†’.)

Prahlad: That's quite bad of him. He can'talways expect people to bear his tem-per. I don't care whether I am friendswith him or not, but the next time I'llmake it clear to him that enough isenough.

(Ç N≠æ-ßª’ç™ Åûªúø’ ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. ÅûªúÕ éÓ§ƒ-†oç-ü¿®Ω÷ v°æA-≤ƒK ¶µºJç-î√-©-†’-éÓ-èπÿ-úøü¿’éπü∆? Åûª-úÕûÓ ÊÆo£æ«ç ÖØ√o ™‰éπ-§Ú-®·Ø√Ø√Íéç ¶«üµ¿-™‰ü¿’. Ñ≤ƒJ ´÷vûªç ØË†’îÁÊ°p≤ƒh†’ Éçéπ î√Lçîª´’E.)

Prasen: Nothing wrong in that, I assure you.His younger brother Nishal is sosweet tempered. What a contrast!

(Ç N≠æ-ßª’ç™†’´¤y ûª°æ¤p-é¬ü¿’,-ØË-†’ éπ*aûªçí¬îÁ•’-ûª’Ø√o.ÅûªúÕûª´·túø’ áçûªEü∆-†-Ææ’húÓ.Éü¿lJ ´’üµ∆uáçûª ûËú≈!)

Contrast = ûËú≈/ ¢Áj®Ω’üµ¿uçPrahlad: He has already lost a good number of

friends because of his temper. Whydoesn't he change?

(ûª† ÅÆæ-£æ«-†ûª ´©x É°æ¤p-öÀÍé î√™«-´’çCÊÆo£œ«-ûª’-©-†ûªúø’ éÓ™p-ßª÷úø’. ´÷®ΩúËçöÀ?)

Prasen: He can learn from his brother who is sosweet tempered.

(ØÁ´’t-ü¿-Ææ’h-úÁj† ûª† ûª´·túÕE îª÷Æœ ØË®Ω’a-éÓ-´îª’a éπü∆.)But one thing. For all his bad temperhe is good at heart and quite helpful.

(Å®·ûË äéπ N≠æßª’ç. Åçûª éÓ°œ≠œdÅ®·-†-°æp-öÀéÃ Åûªúø’ ´’ç* ´’†-Ææ’-†o-¢√úø’,Ææ£æ…-ßª’-é¬K.)

Prahlad: Still behaviour matters, you know.(Å®·Ø√ †úø-´úÕ ´·êuç éπü∆?)

Prasen: Why these observations now?

(É°æ¤púŒ ¢√uêu-©Fo áçü¿’èπ◊?)Prahlad: This morning I called him and asked

him to return my books that I had lenthim a week ago. He flew into a rageand blasted me over the phone.

(-É¢√∞¡ Öü¿ßª’ç ¢√®Ωç éÀçü¿ Åûª-úÕ-éÀ-*a†°æ¤Ææh-é¬-©†’ AJT É´’tE ÅúÕí¬. ÅçûËphone ™ È®*a-§Ú-ßª÷úø’.)

Prasen: Did he return the books?

(°æ¤Ææh-é¬©’ AJ-T-î√aú≈?)Prahlad: He did, of course. He came to me,

threw them on my face and left in ahuff.

(Éî√a-úø’™‰. ´÷ ÉçöÀ-éÌ*a °æ¤Ææh-é¬©’ Ø√¢Á·£æ…-†-éÌöÀd éÓ°æçí¬ ¢ÁRx-§Ú-ßª÷úø’.)

Prasen: That's just like him. (¢√úøçûË.)

Look at the following sentences from theconversation above:

1) No knowing when he loses his temper.2) He can't always expect us to bear his temper.3) His younger brother is so sweet tempered4) He flew into a rage

Â°j sentences ™ áèπ◊\-´í¬ temper ÅØË-´÷ôéπE-°œ-≤ÚhçC éπü∆. DEo Spoken English ™ éÓ°æÆæy¶µ«-¢√Eo ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊ áèπ◊\´í¬ ¢√úøû√ç. PracticeîËßª’çúÕ.

Temper = *†o *†o é¬®Ω-ù«-©Íé áèπ◊\´ éÓ°æçîª÷°œçîË Ææy¶µ«´ç. ´·êuçí¬ sudden í¬ éÓ°æpúËÆæy¶µ«´ç, ÆæÈ®j† é¬®Ωùç ™‰èπ◊çú≈.a) That temper of his makes him enemies of all=

Ç éÓ°œ≠œd Ææy¶µ«-´¢Ë’ ÅûªúÕéπç-ü¿-JE ¨¡vûª’-´¤-©†’îËÆæ’hçC.

b) A man of such temper is unfit for teaching

= Åçûª éÓ°œ≠œd Ææy¶µ«´ç éπ©-¢√úø’ teaching èπ◊°æE-éÀ-®√-úø’.

1) Lose temper = Ææ’©-¶µºçí¬ éÓ°æp-úøôç.

a) Ramana lost his temper at his child's

spilling the milk =

§ƒ©’ ä©éπ-¶-Æœ† §ƒ°æ-O’ü¿ ®Ω´’ùèπ◊ áéπ\úø-™‰EéÓ°æç ´*açC.

b) Don't lose your temper. Let's try to under-

stand the situation =

Åçûª éÓ°æp-úøèπ◊/ ÖvüË-éπ-°æ-úøèπ◊. °æJ-ÆœnA-E Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-èπ◊çü∆ç.

(äéπ Petrol bunk ™ É™«ÖçC. Don't lose your

temper-Nobody wants it.

Å®Ωnç Å®·çC éπü∆? 'FéÓ§ƒEo §ƒÍ®-Ææ’-éÓèπ◊. ÅCá´JéÃ Åéπ\Í®xü¿’— ÅE. Ééπ\úølose = §ƒÍ®-Ææ’-éÓ-´úøç)

Don't lose your temper = éÓ°æp-úøèπ◊ = keepyour temper.

2) Bear somebody's temper = äéπJ éÓ§ƒEo¶µºJç-îª-úøç.a) I don't want to work with him. Difficult to

bear his temper =

ÅûªúÕûÓ éπLÆœ ØË†’ °æE-îË-ßª’†’. ÅûªúÕ éÓ§ƒEo¶µºJç-îª-úøç éπ≠ædç.

b) If you can bear my mother-in-law's tem-

per. You can bear anything =

†’´¤y ´÷ Åûªh- éÓ§ƒEo ¶µºJç-îª-í∫-L-TûË àüÁjØ√¶µºJç-îª-í∫-©´¤.

3) Sweet tempered = ØÁ ’t-üÁj†/ Eü∆† Ææy¶µ«´ç -Ö-†o (´·êuçí¬ îªçöÀ °œ©x© N≠æ-ßª’ç™)

a) She is such a sweet tempered baby =

Eü∆† Ææy¶µ«´ç Ö†o/ †´¤y-ûª’çúË §ƒ°æ Ç °œ©x.

b) His sweet temper endears him to all =

ÅûªúÕ ØÁ´’tC Ææy¶µ«´ç ÅûªúÕE Åçü¿®Ω÷ É≠æd°æ-úË™« îËÆæ’hçC.

endear = É≠æd-°æ-úË™«

4) Fly in to a rage/ atemper= Ö†o-ô’dçúÕéÓ°æçûÓ ÖvüË-éπ-°æ-úøôç.

a) The minute thebowler bowled himthe batsman flew intoa rage/ a temper =

Bowler, Batsman †’ bowl îËßª’-ôçûÓ bats-man éÓ°æçûÓ ÜT-§Ú-ßª÷úø’.

b) No use flying into a rage/ a temper. Try toconvince me =

éÓ°æçûÓ *çü¿’-©’-ûÌ-éÀ\ûË Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫ç-™‰ü¿’. Ø√èπ◊†îªa-ñ„°æ¤p.

Be in a temper = éÓ°æçûÓ Öçúøôç.

No use talking to him as he is in a temper =

¢√úÕ-°æ¤púø’ î√™« éÓ°æçí¬ ÖØ√oúø’. ¢√úÕûÓ É°æ¤púø’´÷ö«x-úÕûË Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç Öçúøü¿’.

ÉN èπÿú≈ îª÷úøçúÕ.

Quick/ fiery / violent temper = éÓ°æçûÓ ÖvüË-éπ-°æ-úÕ-§Ú-´úøç.

Don't lose your temperDon't lose your temper

M.SURESAN


EXERCISE

Match the expressions under A withtheir meanings under B

A B

1. Gossip A. Stroke

2. Caress B. Coax

3. Hug C. Idle talk

4. Cajole D. Affectionate

5. Fond E. Embrace

F. Encourage

G. Hate

Key: 1 - C, 2 - A, 3 - E, 4 - B, 5 - D.

1. Gossip= (C) Idle talk (Idle = °æF-§ƒ-ô-™‰-èπ◊çú≈) = °æ¤é¬®Ω’/ Gossip= 1) °æF§ƒô-™‰-èπ◊çú≈ îÁ°æ¤p-èπ◊ØË/ Å´’t-©-éπ\© éπ•’®Ω’x).(´·êuçí¬ Éûª-®Ω’-©†’ í∫’Jç*, ¢√∞¡x Ææç•ç-üµ∆©í∫’Jç*) 2) Å™« éπ•’-®√x-úø’-éÓ-´úøç, Éûª-®Ω’-©†’í∫’Jç* Ö†o-O-™‰-EO îÁ°æ¤p-éÓ-´úøç. 3) Å™«éπ•’-®√x-úË-¢√∞¡Ÿx.a) He can never make it good in his pro-

fession. He spends most of his timegossiping = ¢√úø’ ûª† ´%Ah™ Â°jéÀ ®√úø’.á°æ¤púø÷ Éûª-®Ω’© í∫’Jç* §Úîª’-éÓ©’ éπ•’-®ΩxûÓí∫úø’-°æ¤-û√úø’.

b) Gossip has it that the boss has a softspot for his secretary= Boss èπ◊ ûª†secretary °æôx v°æûËu-é¬-Gµ- ÷†ç Öçü¿E°æ¤é¬®Ω’.

c) Almost all Indian News channels are

just gossip channels. How much time

they spend on gossip! = ¶µ«®Ωûª ¢√®√hchannels ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ÅFo §Úîª’-éÓ©’ éπ•’®Ωxchannels. (ÆœE´÷ û√®Ω©’, ØË®Ω-Ææ’n© N≠æ-ßª÷-©ûÓ é¬©ç í∫úÕ-Ê°-≤ƒh®·.)

d) All film magazines are full of gossip =

ÆœF °ævA-éπ-©Fo (à û√®Ω á´JØÓ vÊ°N’ç*,¢ËÈ®-´-JØÓ Â°Rx îËÆæ’-èπ◊çü¿ØÓ, à hero Nú≈-èπ◊©’ BÆæ’èπ◊-Ø√oúÓ ÅØË N´-®√-©ûÓ) °æ¤é¬-®ΩxûÓEçúÕ Öçö«®·.

e) She is a gossip. No one believes her

= Ç¢Á’ Öûªh °æ¤é¬®Ωx ´’E≠œ. Ç¢Á’†’ á´®Ω÷†´’t®Ω’.

2) Caress = (A) stroke = •’ïb-Tç-°æ¤í¬E´’-®Ωúøç.

a) As he watched the TV, he caressed

the dog in his lap = TV îª÷Ææ÷h, ûª†ä∞xE èπ◊éπ\†’ E-´·®Ω’-ûª÷ ÖØ√oúø’.

b) She caressed the child gently =

´’%ü¿’- ¤í¬ Ç Gúøf†’ EN’-Jç-ü∆¢Á’.

(stroke = vÊ°´’†’ ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊ ´’%ü¿’-´¤í¬E´’-®Ωúøç)

3) Hug = E) Embrace = éıT-Lç-îª’-éÓ-´úøç

a) The mother hugged her child and lift-

ed it up to kiss it = ûªLx Gúøf†’ éıT-Lç-îª’-èπ◊E ´·ü∆l-úËç-ü¿’èπ◊ áûª’h-èπ◊çC.

b) Most movies show the hero and hero-ine hugging too often = î√™« ÆœE- ÷™xéıT-Lç-ûª©’ ´’K áèπ◊\-´-≤ƒ®Ω’x îª÷°œ-≤ƒh®Ω’.

4) Cajole = B) Coax= •’ïb-Tç* á´-J-ûÓ-ØÁjØ√àüÁjØ√ °æE-îË-®·ç-îª’-éÓ-´úøç/ Aßª’uöÀ ´÷ô©’îÁ°œp Éûª-®Ω’-©ûÓ °æE-îË-®·ç-îª’-éÓ-´úøç.a) The mother cajoled her son into mar-

rying a girl of her choice = éÌúø’-èπ◊E•’ïb-Tç*/ ´’ç* éπ•’®Ω’x îÁ°œp ûª†èπ◊†*a† Å´÷t-®·E Â°Rx îËÆæ’-èπ◊-ØËô’x îËÆœçü∆ûªLx.

b) He cajoled the boy into agreeing to dothe work = Åûªú≈ èπ◊v®√úÕE •’ïb-Tç*, °æE-îË-ÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ ä°æ¤p-éÌ-ØË™« îË¨»úø’.

c) He coaxed information out of him =ÅûªúÕE •’ïb-Tç* Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç ®√•-ö«dúø’.

5) Fond = (D) Affectionate = ÇÊ°-éπ~-í∫©/vÊ°´’-í∫©a) The scene shows the fond embrace of

the mother and the child = Ç sceneûªMx Gú≈f Å†’-®√-í∫çûÓ/ ÅÊ°-éπ~ûÓ éıT-Lç-îª’-éÓ-´úøç îª÷°œ-≤ÚhçC.

b) I have fond memories of my schooldays = Ø√èπ◊ Ø√ school ®ÓV© í∫’Jç*B°œ/ É≠æd-¢Á’i† ---ñ«c°æé¬©’-Ø√o®·.

fond x averse = N´·-êçí¬ Ö†oI am averse to the idea = Ø√é¬ ideaÉ≠ædç™‰ü¿’.

Q. 1. Say, see éÀ ingform ¢√úø- î√a?;

2. Till, Until äÍémeaning É≤ƒhßª÷?;

3. °œçí¬ùÃE ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ à´’ç-ö«®Ω’?; 4. Nothing doing-N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.; 5. Lend, borrow, owe, debt - Å®√n-™‰-N’-öÀ?; 6. í∫’çúø’ îË®·ç-îª-ú≈Eo ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ à´’ç-ö«®Ω’?;7. Anybody, Anyone - Ñ È®çúø÷ äéπ-õ‰Ø√?

- G. Balakrishna Reddy, Kandrapadu.A. 1) Say èπ◊, see éÀ 'ing' form ÅEo Ææçü¿-®√s¥-™x†÷

¢√úøû√ç. ¢√úø-EC am/ is/ are + seeing. Am/ is/ aresaying ¢√úø-´îª’a. Am/ is/ are seeing. 1) éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´úøç(îª÷úøôç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ é¬èπ◊çú≈) ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úø-´îª’a.He is seeing the doctor this evening. 2) äéπ-JûÓí∫úø-°æ-úøç (´·êuçí¬ vÊ°N’-èπ◊©’) ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ èπÿú≈ Am/is/ are seeing ¢√úøû√ç.The boy and the girl are seeing a lot each other =¢√∞¡Ÿx äéπ-JûÓ äéπ®Ω’ î√™« Ææ´’ßª’ç í∫úø’-°æ¤-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’(vÊ°N’-èπ◊©’ é¬•öÀd) Ñ Å®ΩnçûÓ Am/ is/ are seeing ØËáèπ◊\´ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’.

2) Till= until. 3) China/Porcelaine (china áèπ◊\´ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’)4) ÅüËç èπ◊ü¿-®Ωü¿’/ Åçü¿’èπ◊ ØËØÌ-°æ¤p-éÓ†’/ Å™« O™‰xü¿’.5) lend= Å°œp-´yúøç/ Å®Ω’-N-´yúøç. borrow= Å°æ¤p BÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç.

owe= Å°æ¤pç-úøôç. (He owes me Rs.1000/- = Åûªúø’Ø√èπ◊ 1000 ®Ω÷§ƒ-ßª’-©-°æ¤p-Ø√oúø’.) Debt= Å°æ¤p. He hascleared debts = Åûªúø’ Å°æ¤p©’ BÍ®a-¨»úø’.

6) Tonsure = ö«ç≠æ; Clean shaven Å-E èπÿ-ú≈ -Åçö«ç.7) äéπõ‰.



v°æ ¡o: 1. I too, I also, I myselfäÍé Å®√n-Eo-≤ƒhßª÷?

2. Must be, should be äÍéÅ®√n-Eo-≤ƒhßª÷? OöÀ™ àCpowerful?

3. Die éÀ ´‚úø’ ®Ω÷§ƒ©’ ûÁL-ßª’-ñ‰-ßª’çúÕ.

4. English ™ éÌEo verbs´·çü¿’ 'A' áçü¿’èπ◊ îË®Ω’-≤ƒh®Ω’?

Öü∆£æ«®Ω-ùèπ◊ wake - awake, lone - alone, wait -await.

- G. Balakrishna Reddy, Kandrapadu.ï-¢√-•’: 1. I too= I also. Å®·ûË Modern usage ™áèπ◊\´í¬ me too Åçô’-Ø√o®Ω’. Spoken English ™also Åçûªí¬ ¢√úø®Ω’. ü∆E •ü¿’©’ as well Åçö«®Ω’.He is a student, isn't he?

(Åûªúø’ student éπü∆?)'Yes. Me as well.' (Å´¤†’. ØË†’ èπÿú≈)

I myself = ØËØË. I myself am not going. There isno question therefore of my wife going there =ØËØË- ¢Á-∞¡x-úøç -™‰ü¿’. Ééπ Ø√ ¶µ«®Ωu ¢Á∞Ïx -v°æ- Ïo-™‰ü¿’ éπü∆.

2. Must is more powerful than should.

3. Die (present) - Died (past) - Died (past par-ticiple)

4. éÌEo verbs ´·çü¿’ A îËJÊÆh ÅN AdjectivesÅ´¤-û√®·. Åçõ‰ -Å®·†/ Å®·-†-ô’-´çöÀ/ Ö†o/Ö†o-ô’-´çöÀ -Å®√n-©-ûÓ.Awake = ¢Ë’©’-èπ◊E Ö†o, alone = äçô-Jí¬ Ö†o(Å®·Ø√ lone ÅØËC verb é¬ü¿’ éπü∆?)Wait = await. È®çúø÷ verbs.

Wait for = await.


v°æ ¡o: 1) He was coming to me every morning.

2) He came to me every morning.

3) He would come to me every morning.

Ñ ¢√é¬u© Å®Ωnç äéπ-õ‰Ø√?4) Å†oç ´÷úÕ-§Ú-®·çC (´÷úÕ-§Ú-´úøç)5) ØË†’ ÅL-í¬†’ (Å©í∫úøç)6) îÁô’d-O’ü¿ °œôd ¢√LçC (¢√LçC)7) DEéÀ È®çúø’ °æ¤´¤y©’ °æ‹≤ƒ®· (°æ‹ßª’úøç)8) ´÷N’úÕ îÁô’dèπ◊ È®çúø’ é¬ßª’©’ é¬¨»®· (é¬ßª’úøç)9) Â°Eq™¸ îÁéπ\úøç. 10) Åéπ~-®√©’ ûª’úÕ-Ê°-ßª’úøç.

-O-öÀ-E -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ-™ -á-™« -Å-Ø√-™ -ûÁ-©’°æí∫-©®Ω’. – öÀ, †-O-Ø˛- π◊-´÷®˝, ¢Ëîª-Í®ùÀ

ï-¢√-•’: 1) He was coming to me every morning

ÆæÈ®j† sentence é¬ü¿’. DEéÀ v°æA-®ÓW Åûªúø’ Ø√ü¿í∫_-JéÀ ´îËa-¢√úø’ ÅØË Å®Ωnç ®√ü¿’, was coming

Ééπ\úø ÆæÈ®j† verb é¬ü¿’. áçü¿’-éπçõ‰ Ééπ\úø í∫ûªç™(Åûªúø’ Ø√ ü¿í∫_-®Ωèπ◊ ®√´úøç) äéπ Ææ´’-ßª’ç™ (éÌçûª-é¬-©ç-§ƒô’ v°æA-®ÓV é¬èπ◊çú≈) ïJ-T† °æE-é¬ü¿’ éπü∆.

He came to me everymorning = (Å°æ¤púø’í∫ûªç™) v°æA-®ÓWÖü¿ßª’ç Ø√ ü¿í∫_ -®ΩéÀ´î√aúø’/ ´îËa-¢√úø’.He would come to me/used to come to meevery morning = v°æAÖü¿ßª’ç Åûªúø’ Ø√ ü¿í∫_-®Ω-éÌ-îËa-¢√úø’ (Ç ®Ó-V™x).

4) The rice is charred.

5) To be cross/ to get cross/ to be in a mood/a nasty mood.

6) The bird alighted on the tree

7) The tree has put on two flowers (put on flowers)

8) The mango tree has borne two fruit (English™ fruit = é¬ßª’/ °æçúø’. äÍé- îÁô’d é¬ßª’©’/ °æçúø’x= fruit) (bear fruit = îÁô’d-é¬-ßª’©’ é¬ßª’úøç)

9) Sharpening the pencil.

10) Eraze/ rub off letters.

M.SURESAN

v°æ ¡o: 1. Home, House - -O-öÀ ûËú≈ -N-´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’. 2. Should, would È®çúø÷ future forms. Ñ

È®çúÕçöÀ ´’üµ¿u éπ*a-ûª-¢Á’i† ûËú≈ àN’öÀ? – îªçvü¿-¨Ï-ê®˝, Nï-ßª’-†-í∫®Ωç

ï-¢√-•’: 1) Home èπ◊ House èπ◊ ûËú≈ Éçûªèπ◊´·çü¿’ î√™«-≤ƒ®Ω’x explain îË¨»ç. §ƒûªlessons îª÷úøçúÕ.

2) Should, would È®çúø÷ future from the past,Åçõ‰ past ™ç* future †’ ûÁ©’-°æ¤-û√®·.Å®·ûË should †’ É™« ¢√úøôç old fash-ioned. É°æ¤p-úÁ-´®Ω÷ ¢√úø-ôç-™‰ü¿’. Would Å™«¢√úøû√ç.

He said that he would help me. (Ø√èπ◊≤ƒßª’ç-îË-≤ƒh-†E ÅØ√oúø-ûª-úø’). Åûªúø’ -Å†oCí∫ûªç™. ≤ƒßª’ç îË≤ƒh-†-†úøç, Å†-o°æp-öÀoç*,future. Å™«çô°æ¤púø’, would ¢√úøû√ç.Should present day English ™ orders,necessity ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç.He should be here at 10.

= Åûªúø’ °æCç-öÀéÀ Ééπ\úø’ç-ú≈L... (Order)

I should start now or I'll miss the train =

ØËE-°æ¤púø’ •ßª’-™‰l-®√L ™‰éπ§ÚûË train Åçü¿ü¿’.(Necessity)

É´Fo clear í¬ Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ lessons ™ÖØ√o®·. îª÷úøçúÕ.

v°æ ¡o: 1. Walked, asked ™«çöÀ °æü∆© *´®Ω ed E't' í¬ Öîªa-Jç-î√-©-Ø√o®Ω’. éÌEo Ææçü¿-®√s¥™xÆæJ-§Ú-´úøç ™‰ü¿’, ü¿ßª’-îËÆœ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.

2. dignify = 'dIgnI/ fai Éçü¿’™ I èπ◊, f èπ◊ ´’üµ¿uUûª áçü¿’éÓ ûÁ©’-°æçúÕ.

3. Candidate †’ é¬uçúÕ-úÁ-ß˝’ö¸ ÅØ√o®Ω’. Å®·ûËDr. S. Lakshminarayan úÕéπ-†-K™ é¬uçúÕ-úøö¸ÅE ÖçC. àC éπÈ®èπ◊d? – >.L-"ûª, π◊®ΩN

ï-¢√-•’: 1. éÌç-îÁç practise îËÊÆh ûª°æpèπ◊çú≈ àéπ≠ædç ™‰èπ◊çú≈- askt, lookt ÅE pronounce

îËßª’-í∫©ç. Å™«çöÀ ´÷ô©’ Öîªa-Jç-*-†-°æ¤púø™«xí∫’®Ω’hç-îª’-èπ◊E -Å-™« Åçô÷ Öçõ‰, ´’†-éπC Å™«Å©-¢√-õ„j-§Ú-ûª’çC.

2. I éÀ f éÀ ´’üµ¿u Uûª O’È®éπ\úø îª÷¨»®Ω’? Ñ UûªÅ´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’. ü∆EéÀ v§ƒ´·-êu´‚ ™‰ü¿’.

3. é¬çúÕ-úÁ--ß’ö¸/ é¬çúÕ-úø-ö¸– Ñ È®çúø÷ correct

Öî√a-®Ω-ù™‰. àüÁjØ√ Å†-´îª’a. Å®·ûË (é¬ç-úÕúÁ-ß’ö¸) áèπ◊\´ ¢√úø’-éπ™ ÖçC.

v°æ ¡o: As clear as mud = Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç éπ≠ædçÅE Éî√a®Ω’. Telugu to English úÕéπ-†-K™ Ñ¢√éπu¢Ë’ üÌ®Ω-éπ-™‰ü¿’. É™«çöÀ Å®√n©’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´-ú≈-EéÀ Telugu to English úÕéπ-†K Öçü∆?

– Ï≠æ†o, ÇüÓEï-¢√-•’: É™«çöÀ ´÷ô© expressions Å®√n©’

ûÁ©’í∫’– ÉçTx≠ˇ dictionary ™x üËØÓx†÷ üÌ®Ω-éπ´¤. áçü¿’-éπçõ‰ à ûÁ©’í∫’ - English dictio-

nary ™ èπÿú≈, word meanings ´÷vûª¢Ë’Öçö«®·. Usage, Idioms (English) ûÁLÊ°Telugu - English dictionary Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊á´®Ω÷ ®√ßª’-™‰ü¿’. As clear as mud ™«çöÀexpressions, Oxford Advanced Learner's

Dictionary, Longman's dictionary ™«çöÀ¢√öÀ™ ûª°æpéπ üÌ®Ω-èπ◊-û√®·. Å®·ûË ¢√öÀéÓÆæçdictionary ¢Áü¿’-èπ◊ûª÷ Öç-úø™‰ç éπü∆.Standard English authors ®√ÊÆ books,

novels, standard English magazines, jour-

nals îªC-¢Ë-ô-°æ¤púø’ ÅN ûªí∫’-©’-ûª’ç-ö«®·. Å™«´’†ç ¢√öÀE Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-´-úø¢Ë’.

He came to me everHe came to me ever y mory morning ning

v°æ ¡o: 1) Be ÅØË °æü∆-EéÀ past tense- was/were ÅE, past perfect tense èπ◊been ÅE ®√¨»®Ω’. Is ÅØË °æü∆-EéÀ was- were Å´¤-ûª’çC éπü∆. Å™«-é¬-èπ◊çõ‰ isèπ◊ tense àN’öÀ?

2) î√™«- ’çC ´÷ô™x 'é¬çö -•ö¸— Åçô’ç-ö«®Ω’. ü∆†®Ωnç ûª°æp-E-ÆæJ ÅØ√? Å™«Íí'certainly' ÅØ√o 'ûª°æp-E-ÆæJ— ÅE Å®Ωnçéπü∆. Ñ °æü∆Eo áçü¿’èπ◊ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-îª®Ω’?

3) Sorry, apology èπ◊ ´’üµ¿u ûËú≈ àN’öÀ?È®çúÕç-öÀéÀ 'éπ~´÷-°æù— ÅØË Å®Ωnç éπü∆.àßË’ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x OöÀE Ö°æ-ßÁ÷T≤ƒh®ÓN´-Jç-îªçúÕ.

– Èé. XüËN, ¨¡%çí∫-´-®Ω-°æ¤-éÓôï-¢√-•’: 1) be ÅØËC ÅEo be forms èπÿ´Jh-Ææ’hçC. Å®·ûË to be = is. é¬•öÀd be(is) èπ◊ past tense, was/ were, past per-fect, been. Is - present tense éπü∆?2) Can't but = îËßª’-éπ-ûª-°æpü¿’. He can'tbut go there = Åûª-úø-éπ\-úÕéÀ ¢Á∞¡xéπ ûª°æpü¿’.

Can't but situation = ûª°æp-E-ÆæJ °æJ-ÆœnACertainly = ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈Ñ È®ç-úÕçöÀéÃ ûËú≈ ÖçC éπü∆?I can't but go now = ØË†’ ¢Á∞¡xéπ ûª°æp-ü¿-éπ\-úÕéÀ (Ø√ éÀ≠ædç™‰éπ-§Ú-®·Ø√, Éûª®Ω’©, °æJ-Æœn-ûª’©,•©-´çûªç ´©x.)I'll certainly go there = ØË†’ ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈¢Á∞¡-û√†’ (á´®Ω÷ ††’o •©-´çûªç îËßª’úøç™‰ü¿’.)

3) Sorry= Nî√-J-Ææ’h-Ø√o†’/ *çA-Ææ’h-Ø√o†’.Apology = éπ~´÷-°æù. -ÑÈ®çúÕç-öÀéÃ ûËú≈:Sorry: I'm sorry I am late = Ç©-Ææuçí¬´*a†çü¿’èπ◊ *çA-Ææ’hØ√o.(Åçõ‰ ØË†’ ûª°æ¤p-îË-¨»†’ é¬•öÀd *çA-Ææ’hØ√o.)´’†ç îËÆœ† ûª°æ¤pèπ◊ ´’†ç-ûªô- ´’†ç*çAÊÆh sorry. Apology Åçõ‰ éπ~´÷-°æùéπü∆. Apology E demand îË≤ƒhç.Apology îÁ•’û√ç. äéπ®Ω’ sorry Å®·ûË(*ç-AÊÆh) ¢√∞¡x-°æ¤púø’ apology îÁ°æp-´îª’a.

v°æ ¡o: 1. 'read' ´‚úø’ tense ©†’ ûÁL-ßª’-ñ‰-ßª’çúÕ.2. ÉçTx≠ˇ ´÷ö«x-úøôç ´Ææ’hØ√o, ´’ç* accent ´÷vûªç ®√´úøç ™‰ü¿’. á™« ØË®Ω’a-éÓ-¢√L?3. ≤ÚpéπØ˛ ÉçTx≠ˇ öÃ*ç-í˚™ ÂÆöÀ™¸ é¬¢√-©E éÓJéπ. DEéÀ úÕvU-ûÓ-§ƒ-ô’í¬ ÉçÍéç îËßª÷L?

– ¨»u´’©, N¨»-ê-°æôoçï-¢√-•’: 1) Read èπ◊ past tense and past participle (read) †’ red (È®ú˛) í¬ØË pro-

nounce îË≤ƒhç. Kú˛ Å†úøç ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’.2) ´’ç* accent ®√¢√-©çõ‰ phonetic symbols ¶«í¬ ØË®Ω’a-èπ◊E English news tele-

casts regular í¬ N†çúÕ. ûª°æpèπ◊çú≈ ÆæÈ®j† accent ´Ææ’hçC.3) Spoken English trainer í¬ settle Å¢√y-©çõ‰, degree ûª®√yûª P.G îËÆœ, Diploma

In Teaching English (CIEFL, Hyderabad) course îËßª’çúÕ.

v°æ ¡o: 1. 'To whom soever it may concern' DE Å®Ωn-¢Ë’-N’öÀ? Usage ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.2. If I were a king I could rule the country very well. I ûª®√yûª were ÅØËC

á™«çöÀ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x ´Ææ’hçüÓ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.3. Affect, effect OöÀ ´’üµ¿u ûËú≈, usage ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.4. Letters ™ Thanking you ÅE ®√ßª’úøç áçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ Ææ••’? Thanking you

ÅØË structure éπÈ®é¬d é¬ü∆? ™‰ü∆ Thank you ÅE ®√ßª÷™«?– áçúÕ. Å@ñ¸, *†o-é¬-°æJh

ï-¢√-•’: Certificates, Important information, ÇÆæ’h© ûªí¬-ü∆-©†’ í∫’Jç-*† N≠æßª÷™«xç-öÀN á´-JéÀ ûÁ©-§ƒ™ Ææp≠ædçí¬ ûÁL-ßª’-†-°æ¤púø’, •£œ«-®Ωç-í∫çí¬ ûÁL-°œûË, ¢√öÀ™ ÇÆæéÀhÖ†o¢√∞¡Ÿx Ç N≠æ-ßª÷-©†’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√©ØË ÖüËl-¨¡çûÓ To whomesoever it mayconcern ÅE v°æéπ-öÀ≤ƒhç/ ®√≤ƒhç. DE Å®Ωnç Ñ éÀçC N≠æ-ßª÷™x ÇÆæéÀh/ ÑéÀçC N≠æßª÷©ûÓ Ææç•çüµ¿ç, éπ©-¢√-È®-´-J-ÈéjØ√ ÅE Å®Ωnç. Å™«ç-öÀ-¢√®Ω’ Ééπ\úø ûÁL-°œ†N≠æ-ßª÷©’ í∫´’-Eç-î√-©E èπÿú≈ Å®Ωnç.

2) ÉC v°æÆæ’hûªç ï®Ω-í∫E N≠æßª’ç. ØËØË (É°æ¤púø’) ®√V-ØÁjûË (ÅßË’u v°æ¨Ïo ™‰ü¿’), üË¨»Eoîªéπ\í¬ §ƒL-≤ƒh†’. (®√V Å´yúøç Åçô÷ ïJ-TûË, ÅC Å´yü¿’, üË¨»Eo îªéπ\í¬§ƒLç-îË-D ™‰ü¿’ ÅE). É™«çöÀîÓôx were/ past forms ´≤ƒh®·. ûª®√yûªN¶µ«-í∫ç™ would/ should/ could/ might ®√¢√L. ÉC N´-®Ωçí¬ Éçûª-èπ◊-´·ç-ü¿’lessons ™ ûÁL§ƒç îª÷úøçúÕ.

3) §ƒûª lessons îª÷úø-í∫-©®Ω’.4) Thanking you ®√ßª’úøç ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. (O’èπ◊ üµ¿†u-¢√-ü∆©’ ûÁ©’-°æ¤ûª÷ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ Ñ

phrase correct, Å®·ûË letters ™ ¢√úø-†-´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’. ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’ èπÿú≈.)

v°æ ¡o: 1. Fly = áí∫’®Ω’, áí∫’-®Ω-¢Ëßª·. Ñ verb™«í¬ transitive, intransitive verb í¬°æE-îËÊÆ véÀßª’-©†’ í∫’Jç* v°æûËu-éπçí¬ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ØË ´÷®Ω_ç îÁ°æpçúÕ.

2. -Ñ ¢√é¬u-©†’ English ™ á™« îÁ§ƒpL?Åûªúø’ ´çí¬-úø’. éÌ´’t ´ç-Tç-C.Ç¢Á’ Å†oç AE-°œ-≤ÚhçC.

– Èé. XE-¢√-Ææ-®√´¤, °æ¤L-¢Áç-ü¿’©

ï-¢√-•’: 1. Oxford Dictionary ™«çöÀ

´’ç* dictionaries É™«çöÀ°æü∆©†’ Ææp≠ædçí¬ N´-J-≤ƒh®·. é¬Ææh ã°œ-éπûÓîª÷-úøí∫-L-T-ûË ..

2. He bent down

The branch bent down

She is feeding somebody.

v°æ ¡o: á´÷t®Óy (MRO), áO’u¢Ó(MEO), á¢Á’t™‰u (MLA), £æ«¢√y®Ω÷u(how are you), ¢ËK->ö¸ (whereis it), CÆ‘ñ¸ (This is) – ûÁ©’-í∫’™´÷C-Jí¬ Ææçüµ¿’-©’-îËÆæ÷h éπL°œ °æ©-éπ-èπÿ-úø-ü¿E, NúÕ-N-úÕí¬ (áçÇ-®˝ã,áçÑ¢Ó, áçá-™¸à) °æ©-é¬-©EÅçö«®Ω’. Eï-¢Ë’Ø√?

– áç. ´’ü¿-Ø˛-¢Á÷-£æ«-Ø˛-®√´¤, N’®√u-©-í∫÷úÁç

ï-¢√-•’: éπL°œ °æ©-éπ-èπÿ-úø-ü¿ØË ruleàO’-™‰ü¿’. Å®·ûË abbreviationN≠æ-ßª’ç™, ü∆ØÓx Ö†o Åéπ~-®√©’ûÁLÊ° ¨¡¶«l-©†’ ´÷vûªç correct í¬pronounce îËßª÷-LqçüË éπü∆.Å™«ç-ô-°æ¤púø’ éÌEo Ææçüµ¿’©’ éπ©-´-éπ-§Ú-´îª’a.MRO = á¢’-Ç-ã-Ö ˛ (Ö èπ◊ -§Ò©’x)–Ééπ\úø ÆæçCµ, R †’ British English™™«, Ç Åçö«´÷ ™‰ü∆American English ™™«, Ç®˝Åçö«´÷ ÅØË ü∆E-O’ü¿ Çüµ∆-®Ω-°æúÕÖç-ô’çC. This is N≠æ-ßª’ç™´÷ö«x-úË-ô-°æ¤púø’, CÆœñ¸ ÅE éπLÊ°Åçö«ç. Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈ üË†o-®·Ø√v§ƒ´·êuç É*a °æ©-é¬-©-†’-èπ◊-†o-°æ¤púø’, This Éñ¸ importantÅçô’çö«ç. (Ééπ\úø This èπ◊v§ƒ´·êuç. Å™«Íí Where is itèπÿú≈. Where É>ö¸?/ ¢Ë| (-®˝)-Éñ¸ it? etc.



Puneeth: (Would you) mind waiting (for) a bit?

once my mom comes back we can

start.

(é¬ÊÆ°æ¤ ÇÍíç-ü¿’èπ◊ FÍé-¢Á’iØ√ Å¶µºuç-ûª-®Ω´÷?/Çí∫’-û√¢√? ´÷ Å´’t AJT ®√í¬ØË ´’†ç•ßª’-©’-üË-®Ωü∆ç.)

Kundan: Not at all. I'm not in any hurry.

(àç °∂æ®Ω-¢√-™‰ü¿’. Ø√Íéç ûÌçü¿-®Ω-™‰-ü¿’™‰.)

Puneeth: Shall I make you some coffee in the

mean time?

(Ñ™°æ¤ Fèπ◊ éÌçîÁç é¬°∂‘ îËßª’Ø√/ÉýØ√?)

Kundan: Oh, that'd be welcome. (I) haven't had

anything for hours.

(Å™«Íí. éÌEo í∫çô©’í¬ ØËØËç BÆæ’-éÓ-™‰ü¿’.)

Puneeth: Do you wish to have anything to eat?

(à´’Ø√o Açö«¢√?)

Kundan: I don't feel like it now. Coffee would

do.

(àO’ AØ√-©-E-°œç-îªúøç ™‰ü¿’. Coffee

î√©’.)

Puneeth: What about this movie we're going to?

Is it good?

(´’†ç ¢Á∞¡Ÿûª’†oÑ ÆœE´÷¶«í¬ØË Öçü∆?)

Kundan: Released

three weeks

ago it's run-

ning to pack houses still.

(´‚úø’-¢√-®√© éÀçü¿ô Núø’-ü¿-™„j-†-°æp-öÀéÃ Éçé¬EçúÕ† halls ûÓ †úø’-≤ÚhçC.)

Puneeth: (It's) not surprising directed by dar-

shak and starring such big names.

(Åçü¿’™ Ç¨¡a-®Ωu-¢Ë’-O’-™‰ü¿’, ü¿®Ωzé˙ ü¿®Ωz-éπ-ûªyç-îËÆœ, Â°ü¿l-Â°ü¿l û√®Ω©’ †öÀç*-†-°æ¤púø’.)

Kundan: The collections recorded so far isreally astounding. Expected to hit anall time high, it has already surpassedthe producer's estimates.

(Éçûª-´-®Ωèπÿ †¢Á÷-üÁj† collections î√™«Ç¨¡a-®Ωu-éπ-®Ωçí¬ ÖØ√o®·. Éçûª-´-®Ωèπÿ,Ééπ´·çü¿’ ™‰†çûªí¬ íÌ°æp collectionsÖçö«-ßª’E ÇP-≤Úh†o Ñ *vûªç, E®√tûªÅçîª-Ø√-©-E-°æp-öÀÍé ü∆öÀ-§Ú-®·çC.)

Astounding = N°æ-K-ûª-¢Á’i† Ç¨¡a®Ωuç éπL-TçîËAn all time high = Éçûª-èπ◊-´·-†’°æ¤, Ééπ´·çü¿’éπçõ‰ íÌ°æpí¬surpass= ü∆öÀ-§Ú-´úøç /N’ç*-§Ú-´úøç

Japan has surpassed the US in the produc-tion of fuel efficient cars = ûªèπ◊\´ petrol ûÓáèπ◊\´ ü¿÷®Ωç †úÕîË é¬®Ωx ûªßª÷-K™ ï§ƒØ˛ Å¢Á’-J-é¬†’ N’ç*-§Ú-®·çC.

Puneeth: Showing in that old theatre, if it is stilldrawing crowds, the movie has to bevery good.

(Åçûª §ƒûª theatre ™ Çúø’ûª÷ Éçûª-´’çC vÊ°éπ~-èπ◊©†’ ÇéπJ-≤Úhç-ü¿çõ‰, Ç *vûªçíÌ°æpüË Åßª·uç-ú≈L.)

Kundan: Shot mostly abroad, the movieincludes some sights that are a realtreat to the eyes, it seems.

(áèπ◊\´ ¶µ«í∫ç NüË- »™x *vAç-*† Ñ ÆœE-´÷™ éÌEo ü¿%¨»u©’ éπ†’o-©-°æç-úø’- í¬Öçö«-ßª’ô.)

treat ´÷´‚©’ Å®Ωnç = ¢Ájü¿uç îËßª’úøç; ÅA-ü∑¿’©/Éûª-®Ω’© °æôx ´’†ç îª÷Ê° ´’®√uü¿, Çü¿-®Ωù ™«çöÀN.Ééπ\úø Å®Ωnç treat= Nçü¿’.He giving a birthdaytreat today.

(É¢√y∞¡ Åûªúø’ °æ¤öÀd-†-®ÓV Nçü¿’ ÉÆæ’h-Ø√oúø’.)

Puneeth: Yea. The theatre is old,

and the road to it, repaired

just a year ago, is now in a

bad shape thanks to the

quality of our municipality

works.

(Ç hall §ƒûªC. Åéπ\-úÕ-Èé∞Ï®Óúø’f àú≈C éÀçü¿ repair

îË¨»®Ω’. Å°æ¤úË Åüµ∆y-†çí¬ ûªßª÷-®Ω-®·uçC,´’† ´·E-Æœ-§ƒ-LöÃ °æ†’© Ø√ùuûª B®ΩC.)

Kundan: Isn't that your mom coming?

(Ç ´Ææ’h-†oC O’ Å´’t-é¬ü∆?)

Puneeth: Sure she is. We can start now.

(Å´¤†’ éπ*a-ûªçí¬. ´’†ç •ßª’-©’-üË-®Ω-´îª’a.)

Look at the following expressions from theconversation above:

1) Puneeth: (Would you) mind waiting a bit?

Kundan: Not at all.

Mind= Å¶µºuç-ûª®Ωç îÁ°æpúøç/ ÇÍé~-°œç-îªúøç/ Å¶µºuç-ûª®Ωç Öçúøôç. ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Ñ ´÷ô©’ éÌçîÁç §ƒçúÕ-ûªuçí¬ ÅE-°œç-*Ø√, Would you mind ...?/ Mind

...? English ™ î√™« common. ´’†ç îËÊÆC,îÁÊ°pC, Å´-ûªL ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ É•sçC éπL-Tç-îË™« Öçõ‰´’†ç îËßª’éπ, îÁ°æpéπ ûª°æp-éπ-§ÚûË, Å°æ¤púÕ™«– Would

you mind/ Mind? Åçö«ç– O’Íé- ’Ø√o Å¶µºuç-ûª-®Ω´÷?/ O’Í®ç Å†’-éÓ-®Ω’-éπü∆? ÅØË ¶µ«´çûÓ. If you

don't mind ÅE èπÿú≈Åçö«ç. Éçü¿’èπ◊ Ææ’´·-ê-Ææpç-ü¿† (Å¶‰s. Å™«çöÀüËç™‰ü¿’ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ) Not at

all Åçö«ç.

a) A: Would you mind/ Mind my sit-ting here?/ if I sit here?

(ØËE-éπ\úø èπÿ®Óa-´úøç O’Íé-´’Ø√oÅ¶µºuç-ûª-®Ω´÷?. ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’:ØËE-éπ\úø èπÿ®Óa-´î√a?)

B: Oh, not at all. You are welcome.

(E®Ω-¶µºuç-ûª-®Ωçí¬. ûª°æpéπ èπÿ®ÓaçúÕ.)b) A: (Would you) mind giving me

your pen?

(O’ pen É≤ƒh®√?)B: Not at all. Here you are.

(àç °∂æ®√y™‰ü¿’. Éü¿’íÓ, BÆæ’-éÓçúÕ.)ÉC Spoken English ™ common, ´·êuçí¬´’†ç íı®Ω-Nç-îË-¢√-∞¡xûÓ ´÷ö«x-úË-ô-°æ¤púø’. PractiseîËßª’çúÕ.

2) Released three weeks ago, its running topacked houses. Ééπ\úø released, past partici-ple (pp) of release. PP E ≤ƒüµ∆-®Ω-ùçí¬ V3Åçô’ç-ö«®Ω’ (Third form of the verb ÅE). Å®·ûËÍé´©ç PP á°æ¤púø÷ verb é¬ü¿’. PP éÀ Å®Ωnç, •úÕ†,•úË ÅE ´Ææ’hçC.

Released three weeks ago = ´‚úø’-¢√-®√©éÀçü¿ô Núø’-ü¿© îËßª’-•úÕ– (´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’:´‚úø’-¢√-®√© éÀçü¿ô Núø’-ü¿-©®·u ...)

3) Directed by Darshak, and starring suchbig names - Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈, directed, past par-ticiple. Å®Ωnç– EÍ®l-Pç-îª-•úÕ.Directed by Darshak = ü¿®Ωzé˙ îË direct îËßª’-•úÕ. (´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’: ü¿®Ωzé˙ direct îËÆœ†.)

4) The collections recorded so far = Ééπ\úøèπÿú≈ recorded, past participle; Å®Ωnç: É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊ †¢Á÷ü¿’ îËßª’-•-úÕ† (´÷´‚-©’í¬: É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊†¢Á÷-üÁj†)

5) Shot mostly abroad Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈ shot - pastparticiple of shoot (*vû√Eo*vB-éπ-Jç-îªúøç) – Å®Ωnç: *vB-éπ-Jç-îª-•úÕ.Shot mostly abroad =áèπ◊\´ ¶µ«í∫ç NüË- »™x *vB-éπ-Jç-îª-•úÕ. (*vB-éπ-Jç-*†/*vB-éπ-Jç*.

6) The road repaired a year ago.

Ééπ\úø repaired, pp of repair.

Å®Ωnç= repair îËßª’-•-úÕ†. ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’:repair Å®·†/ repair Å®·.É™« use of past participle English ™ î√™«common ´÷vûª¢Ë’ é¬èπ◊çú≈, ≤˘éπ-®Ωu-´çûªç èπÿú≈.a) Some of the songs sung at the party were

sweet= Ç party ™ §ƒúø-•úøf §ƒô©’ (éÌçûª-´’çC §ƒúÕ† §ƒô©’) ´’üµ¿’-®Ωçí¬ ÖØ√o®·.

b) The match began an hour ago is still on =í∫çô éÀçü¿ô v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-îª-•-úÕ† (´÷´‚-©’í¬ûÁ©’í∫’: í∫çô éÀçü¿ô v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº-¢Á’i†) Ç matchÉçé¬ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª÷ØË ÖçC.

c) The candidates chosen for the scholar-ships deserve them. (Scholarships èπ◊áç°œéπ îËßª’-•úøf (´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’: áç°œ-Èéj†)Å¶µºu-®Ω’n-©ç-ü¿®Ω÷ Å®Ω’|™‰.

Past participle †’ É™« Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-îªúøç ´©x, ´’†sentences, short Å´¤-û√®·.*†o sentences ûÓ áèπ◊\´ ¶µ«´ç ûÁ©-°æ- îª’a.¶«í¬ practise îËßª’çúÕ.

Shall I make you some cofShall I make you some cof fee?fee?

M.SURESAN


EXERCISE

Match the words under A with their mean-ings under B

A B

1. Anticipation A. Exploit

2. Profiteer B. Temple

3. Shrine C. Peak

D. Expectancy

E. Suppose

KEY: 1-D, 2-A, 3-B.

Explanation:

1) Anticipation = (D) Expectancy- àüÁjØ√ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’ç-ü¿E/ ï®Ω-í∫-¶ßË’ ü∆E-éÓÆæç áü¿’-®Ω’-îª÷-úøôç.

áEo-éπ© °∂æL-û√©’/ °æKé~¬ °∂æL-û√©’/ ã úéÀhE éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ØË ´·çü¿’, àç ï®Ω-í∫-¶-ûª’çüÓ ÅE Öûª\ç-®∏ΩûÓ(Å°æ¤p-úø-°æ¤púø’ éπçí¬®Ω’/ ¶µºßª’çûÓ) áü¿’-®Ω’-îª÷-úøôç.

a) In anticipation of a good rank in theexam, he promised a party to his friends= °æK-éπ~™ ´’ç* rank ´Ææ’hç-ü¿ØË Ü£æ«ûÓ ûª†friends èπ◊ party É≤ƒh-†E ´÷öÀ-î√aúø’

b) We waited with anticipation to meet the

great leader =

Ç íÌ°æp Ø√ßª’-èπ◊úÕo éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ Öûª\ç-®∏ΩûÓáü¿’-®Ω’-îª÷¨»ç.

c) She cooked extra food in anticipation of

more guests =

áèπ◊\´ ÅA-ü∑¿’-™Ô-≤ƒh-®ΩØË Ç™-îª-†ûÓ Ç¢Á’áèπ◊\¢Ë ´çúÕçC.

Anticipation Åçõ‰ ´·çü¿’-îª÷°æ¤ ÅØË Å®Ωnçèπÿú≈ ÖçC.

Anticipation X Retrospect ïJ-T-§Ú-®·†N≠æ-ßª÷© í∫’Jç*/ í∫ûªç í∫’Jç* Ç™-îª†

In retrospect, I now see I made a mistake=

í∫û√Eo í∫’Jç* Ç™-*ÊÆh ØË†’ §Ò®Ω-§ƒô’ îË¨»-†EÅ®Ωn-´’-´¤-ûÓçC.

2) Profiteer = (A) Exploit - Eû√u-´-Ææ®Ω ´Ææ’h-´¤-™«xçöÀN éÌ®Ω-ûªí¬ Ö†o-°æ¤púø’, ¢√öÀE áèπ◊\´üµ¿®Ω-©èπ◊ -ÅN’t Åvéπ´’ ™«¶µºç §Òçü¿úøç.

a) Cement and steel dealers are trying to

profiteer following the hike in taxes on

them =

Æœ¢Á’çö¸, Öèπ◊\-O’ü¿ °æ†’o©’ Â°çîª-úøçûÓ,¢√u§ƒ-®Ω’©’ ¢√öÀE áèπ◊\´ üµ¿®Ω-©-éπN’t Åvéπ´’™«¶µ«©’ §Òçü¿’-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’.

b) The government has warned traders

against profiteering in essential com-

modities =

Eû√u- -Ææ®Ω ´Ææ’h- ¤©’ Åvéπ´’ ™«¶µ«-©èπ◊ Nvéπ-®·ç-îª-èπÿ-úø-ü¿E v°æ¶µº’ûªyç ¢√u§ƒ-®Ω’Lo Â£«îªa-Jç-*çC.

Profiteer X Lose.

3) Shrine = (B) Temple = í∫’úÕ/ í∫’úÕ-™«çöÀ°æNvûª/ v§ƒ®Ωl¥Ø√ ´’çC-®√©’.

a) At Tirumala is the shrine of Lord

Venkateshwara =

A®Ω’-´’-©™ X ¢Áçéπ-õ‰-¨¡y-®Ω-≤ƒyN’ Ç©ßª’çÖçC.

b) He spent his retired life visiting all the

shrines in India =

ûª† °æü¿O N®Ω-´’ù ûª®√yûª í∫’∞¡⁄x íÓ°æ¤-®√©’ü¿JzÆæ÷h @Nûªç í∫úÕ-§ƒ-ú≈-ßª’†.

Q. 1. As elusiveas a pick-pocket Åçõ‰àN’öÀ?

2. ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ éÌ-Eo °æ-ü∆-©èπ◊ úA-Í®éπ °æü∆©’ ®√ßª÷-©çõ‰ éÌEoçöÀ´·çü¿’ non, ´’J-éÌ-EoçöÀ´·çü¿’un, ÉçéÌ-EoçöÀ´·çü¿’ im, dis ÅØË °æü∆©’®√≤ƒhç. OöÀéÀ à¢Á’iØ√ Ææ÷vû√©’ ÖØ√oßª÷?

3. Bank – shore ´’üµ¿u ûËú≈ à-N’öÀ?– áÆˇ. °æö«d-Gµ-®√¢˛’, ïí∫_-ßª’u-Ê°ö

A. 1. Elusive Åçõ‰ îËAéÀ *éπ\E. Ææ’©-¶µºçí¬ üÌ®Ω-éπEüÌçí∫©’, ØË®Ω-Ææ’n©’, îËAéÀ üÌ®Ω-éπE îË°æ©’, îË->-éπ\EÅ -é¬- »©÷ É™«çöÀN elusive.

pickpockets (-ñ‰-•’üÌçí∫©’) -îË-AéÀ --*éπ\®Ω’ Ææ’-©-¶µºçí¬. -Åç-ü¿’éπ-E -ñ‰-•’-üÌçí∫-™«x -îË-AéÀ -*éπ\-E-¢√-∞¡x-†’ as elusive as a pickpocket Åçö«ç.

2. É™« úA-Í®éπ ¶µ«¢√-©†’, Å®√n-©†’ ´÷Í®aç-ü¿’èπ◊,´÷ô© ´·çü¿’ îËÍ®a, 'un-' 'in-', 'non-' 'dis-'™«çöÀ ¨¡¶«l-©†’ prefixes Åçö«ç. Ñ ¨¡¶«l-©†’Ö°æßÁ÷-Tç-îª-ú≈-EéÀ Ææ÷vû√™‰ç ™‰ ¤. à ¶µ«≠æ †’ç*English ™éÀ ´÷ô-´-*aç-ü¿ØË ü∆Eo-•öÀd, Ñ pre-fixes ¢√úøéπç Öçô’çC.

3. †C äúø’f– bank. Ææ´·-vü¿°æ¤ äúø’f shore.



Snehit: This is one of the books published

recently on the subject of child labour.

(¶«©-é¬-Jtéπ ú´Ææn O’ü¿ Ñ´’üµ¿u v°æîª’-Jç-*†°æ¤Ææh-é¬™x ÉüÌ-éπöÀ.)

Samhit: Why are you showing it to me?

(Ø√Èéç-ü¿’èπ◊ îª÷°œ-Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤?)

Snehit: My uncle has written it; those who have

read it say it is very good.

(ÉC ®√ÆœçC ´÷ ¶«¶«ß’. ü∆EE îªC-N-†-¢√-∞¡xç-ü¿®Ω÷ ÅC î√™« ¶«í∫’ç-ü¿-Ø√o®Ω’.)

Samhit: That's a topic debated quite often

nowadays. In spite of the ban on it,

child labour continues unchecked.

(Ñ ®ÓV™x ûª®Ωîª÷ Åçü¿®Ω÷ îªJa-Ææ’h†oN≠æßª’ç ÅC. ¶«©-é¬-Jtéπ ú´Ææn†’ EÊ≠-Cµç-*-†-°æp-öÀéÃ, Åü¿’-°æ¤-™‰-èπ◊çú≈ ≤ƒT-§Ú-ûª÷ØË ÖçC.)

Snehit: This is perhaps one of the laws made

only to be broken.

(Ö©xç-°∂œ’ç-îËç-ü¿’Íé îËÆœ† îªö«d™x ÉüÌ-éπ-õ‰¢Á÷.)

Samhit: (It's) not so simple as it looks. Perhaps

it will take some more time.

(éπE-°œç-îËçûª Ææ’©-¶µº-¢Á’i† Ææ´’ÊÆuç é¬ü¿C.ÉçéÌçîÁç é¬©ç°æúø’-ûª’çC, °æ‹Jhí¬Å´’-©-ßË’uç-ü¿’èπ◊.)

Snehit: How about giv-

ing the book a

look?

(Ç °æ¤Ææh-é¬Eo ã≤ƒ-Í®-´’Ø√o îªü¿’-´¤-û√¢√?)Samhit: Oh sure. I was about to ask you myself.

(ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈. ÅÆæ©’ ØËØË E†’o Åúø-í∫-¶-ûª’Ø√o.)

Snehit: It's not as interesting as a novel certain-ly, but it does give us a lot of informa-tion. Reading it certainly adds to ourgeneral knowledge.

(†´-™«xí¬ ÇÆæ-éÀh-éπ-®Ωçí¬ ™‰ü¿’-é¬F ´’†èπ◊ î√™«N≠æ-ßª÷-©†’ ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’çD °æ¤Ææhéπç. ´’† gen-eral knowledge Â°çîª’-ûª’çC.)

Samhit: Your comparing it with a novel is mean-ingless. If it were a novel about childlabour, the comparison would be right.

(†’´¤y ü∆Eo novel ûÓ §Ú©aúøç ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’.ÅC ¶«©-v¨¡´’ Çüµ∆-®Ωçí¬ ®√Æœ† novelÅ®·ûË, Å™« §Ú©aúøç correct Å´¤-ûª’çC)

Snehit: My uncle is good at making things inter-esting. Holding reader's attention on amatter like this one isn't possible foreveryone.

(N≠æ-ßª÷Lo ÇÆæéÀh éπL-Tç-îËô’x îËßª’úøç ´÷¶«¶«-®·éÀ ¶«í¬ ûÁ©’Ææ’. É™«çöÀ Åç¨¡ç-O’ü¿§ƒ®∏Ω-èπ◊© ÇÆæéÀhE EL°œ Öçîªúøç Åçü¿-JéÃ≤ƒüµ¿uç-é¬ü¿’.)

Samhit: How about lending it to me for a coupleof days?

(Ø√éÓ È®çúø’®Ó-V-©-§ƒô’ Ç °æ¤Ææhéπç Éý-í∫-©¢√?)Snehit: Oh, sure. Have it.

Samhit: Thank you.

Snehit: Welcome

éÀçü¿öÀ lesson ™ ´’†ç past participle Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç English conversation ™ áçûª áèπ◊\´í¬Öçô’çüÓ îª÷¨»ç-éπü∆? Past participle èπ◊ •úÕ†/ •úÕ-†-ô’-´çöÀ ÅØË Å®√n©’ èπÿú≈ ´≤ƒh-ßª’E ûÁ©’Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç.É°æ¤púø’ ´’J-éÌEo N´-®√©’ îª÷ü∆lç.Look at the following sentences from the dia-logue above:1) This is one of the books published recently2) That's a topic debated quite often3) ... it remains unchecked4) This is one of the laws made only to be

broken

1) One of the books published on the topic=Ñ Åç¨¡ç-O’ü¿ v°æîª’-Jç-îª-•-úÕ† (Published- pastparticiple) °æ¤Ææh-é¬™x äéπöÀ. ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’– ÑÅç¨¡ç-O’ü¿ v°æîª’-J-ûª-¢Á’i† °æ¤Ææh-é¬™x ÉüÌ-éπöÀ. (í∫´’-Eéπ:English ™ î√™« verbs èπ◊ past tense, pastparticiple äÍé™« Öçö«®·. Å™«ç-ô-°æ¤púø’ ÅCpast tense Å´¤-ûª’çü∆, PP Å´¤-ûª’çü∆ÅE ÆæçüË£æ«ç éπ©’-í∫’-ûª’çC. Ñ ÆæçüË£æ«çÅéπ\-Í®xü¿’. É™«ç-öÀ-îÓôxpast tense ®√ü¿’.

Past tense ´ÊÆh subject Ç °æE îËÆœ-†ô’x ÅE Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. Eg: The

book published last week. Ééπ\úøpublished, past tense í¬ BÆæ’-èπ◊çõ‰,Ç °æ¤Ææhéπç v°æîª’-Jç-*çC ÅE Å®Ωnç´Ææ’hçC. °æ¤Ææhéπç v°æîª’-Jç-°æ-•-úø’-ûª’ç-üË-í¬F, v°æîª’-Jç-îªü¿’ éπü∆. é¬•öÀd v°æîª’-Jç-îª-•úø’ ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´ÊÆh ÅC past par-

ticiple ´÷vûª¢Ë’ Å´¤-ûª’çC. ÉçéÓ example

îª÷úøçúÕ.a) The man killed was about fifty years old

b) The man killed the snake.

(a) ™ killed, past tense í¬ BÆæ’-èπ◊çõ‰ Ç ´’E≠œîªç§ƒúø’ ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. á´-JE? DEéÀ Ñsentence ™ ï¢√•’ ™‰ü¿’. é¬•öÀd Éçü¿’™killed, past participle Å´¤-ûª’çC, Ç îªç°æ-•úøf´’E≠œ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ 50 à∞¡x-¢√úø’. ´’†ç ´÷´‚-©’í¬Åçö«ç– Ç îªE-§Ú-®·† ´’E≠œ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ 50à∞¡x-¢√úø’.É™« ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√L, past tense èπÿ, past par-ticiple èπÿ difference.

2) This is a topic debated quite often: ûª®Ω-îª’í¬îªJaç-îª-•-úø’-ûª’†o Åç¨¡ç ÉC (ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ D†oç-ü¿®Ω÷îªJa-Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’).

a) The question raised often is whetherChiranjeevi will enter politics or not – Éçü¿’™raised - PP of raise = ûª®Ωîª÷ ¢Ëßª’-•úË (î√™«-´’çC ™‰´-ØÁûËh) v°æ¨Ïo *®Ωç-@N ... ÅE.

b) The book selected for the prize = •£æ›-´’-AéÀáçîª’-éÓ-•úøf °æ¤Ææhéπç (•£æ›-´’-AéÀ áç°œ-Èéj†°æ¤Ææhéπç).

3) It remains unchecked- unchecked (PP)(Åü¿’°æ¤ îËßª’-•-úø-èπ◊çú≈) ÅC Åü¿’°æ¤ îËßª’-•-úø-èπ◊çú≈ÖçöçC (ü∆EéÀ Åü¿’°æ¤ ™‰èπ◊çú≈ §ÚûÓçC–´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’).a) It remained closed for several days =

î√™«-®Ó-V-©-§ƒ-ôC ´‚ßª’-•úË ÖçC. (´÷´‚©’ûÁ©’í∫’– î√™« ®ÓV-©-§ƒ-ôC ´‚ÊÆ ÖçC.)

b) Several children vaccinated developedreactions=

öÃé¬-L-ý-•úøf (vacci-nated- PP) î√™«-´’çC °œ©x©èπ◊ ÅC-°æ-úø-™‰ü¿’.

(´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’– öÃé¬©’ ¢ËÆœ†î√™« °œ©x-©-éπ-C-°æ-úø-™‰ü¿’)

4) This is one of the laws made.(made- PP) = îËßª’-•úøf î√™« îªö«d™xÉüÌ-éπöÀ. (îËÆœ† îªö«d™x ÉüÌ-éπöÀ).Past participle èπ◊ ÉçéÓ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫çîª÷ü∆lç.

a) The book torn was mine - *ç°æ-•úøf(*J-T-§Ú-®·†) °æ¤Ææhéπç Ø√C.

b) His torn book shows his carelessness.

Sentence (a) ™ PP, torn book ûª®√yûª; (b)

™ torn (PP) book ´·çü¿’ ´≤ÚhçC éπü∆.È®çúø’ sentences ™†÷ Å®Ωnç ´÷´‚©’ûÁ©’-í∫’™– *J-T† °æ¤Ææhéπç ÅE. Éçé¬ îª÷úøçúÕ.

The candidates selected will soon get

orders= The selected candidates= áç°œ-éπ-îË-ßª’-•úøf (áç°œ-éπ-®·†) Å¶µºu®Ω’n©’ orders

§Òçü¿’-û√®Ω’. (´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’– áç°œ-éπ-®·†Å¶µºu®Ω’n©èπ◊ orders ûªy®Ω™ ´≤ƒh®·) Å®·ûË PP

´·çü¿’ ¢Á†-éπ-™„j-†-°æ¤púø’ ÅEo-îÓö«x äÍé Å®Ωnç ®√†-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’. Å°æ¤púø’ Ææçü¿®√s¥-Eo-•öÀd Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-¢√L.

a) His shirt, torn in the fight, is new=

Ç §Úö«xô™ *ç°æ-•úøf ÅûªúÕ shirt (§Úö«x-ô™*J-T† ÅûªúÕ shirt éÌûªhC)

b) His torn shirt showed his poverty=

ÅûªúÕ *J-T†/ *ç°æ-•úøf shirt ÅûªúÕ Ê°ü¿-J-é¬Eoîª÷°œç-*çC.

O’®Ω’ îªC-¢Ë-ô-°æ¤púø’, Ñ past participle Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬Eo ñ«ví∫ûªhí¬ í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ.

Newspaper Head lines ™ past participle¢√úøéπç î√™« ≤ƒüµ∆-®Ωùç. Ñ éÀçC Newspaperhead lines study îËßª’çúÕ– past participle useûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊.a) BJP leaders Arrested on their protest

March=

E®Ω-Ææ† ßª÷vûª™ Arrest îËßª’-•úøf BJPØ√ßª’èπ◊©’.

b) Two Maoists shot dead in encounter =

áü¿’-®Ω’-é¬-©’p™x é¬La-îªç-°æ-•úøf ´÷N-Æˇd©’.(ûÁ©’í∫’ °ævAéπ Headline- áü¿’-®Ω’-é¬-©’p™x Éü¿l®Ω’´÷NÆæd x é¬La-¢Ëûª)

c) Govt. Appeal TurnedDown in Supremecourt=

Ææ’v°‘ç-éÓ®Ω’d™ ûÓÆœ°æ¤-îªa-•úøfv°æ¶µº’ûªy Å°‘p©’.

(ûÁ©’í∫’ °ævA-éπ™: v°æ¶µº’ûªyÅ°‘p©’†’ ûÓÆœ°æ¤-*a†

Ææ’v°‘ç-éÓ®Ω’d/ Ææ’v°‘çéÓ®Ω’d ûÓÆœ-°æ¤-*a† v°æ¶µº’ûªy Å°‘p©’)d) Three Held in a Murder Case=

£æ«ûªu-Íé-Ææ’™ ÅÈ®Ææ’d îËßª’-•-úÕ† ´·í∫’_®Ω’. (held= arrested. ûÁ©’í∫’ Headline: £æ«ûªu-Íé-Ææ’™ ´·í∫’_J ÅÈ®Æˇd)

e) Halltickets Not Received =

Åçü¿E halltickets.

f) One Killed and Six Injured In RoadAccident=

(îªç°æ-•úøf äéπ®Ω’, í¬ßª’-°æ-®Ω-îª-•úøf Ç®Ω’-í∫’®Ω’) ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’– ®Óúø’f v°æ´÷-ü¿ç™ äéπJ´’®Ωùç, Ç®Ω’-í∫’-JéÀ í¬ßª÷©’.

M.SURESAN


Q. ''E†o á´J ØÁéπxÆˇ §Ú®·çC—— Å†-ú≈-EéÀ Whosenecklace was lost/ was missing yesterday?ÅØ√o®Ω’. Ééπ\úø was missing Åçõ‰ past contin-uous Å´¤-ûª’çC éπü∆! DEE á™« ¢√ú≈®Ó N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.

- Ashok, HyderabadA. Where necklace was missing- Ééπ\úø miss-

ing, was missing ™ ¶µ«í∫çí¬ past continu-ous é¬ü¿’. Missing Ééπ\úø, The, book is inter-esting ™ interesting ™«í¬ adjective. 'When

she came back, the necklace was missing' -Ééπ\úø was missing ÅØËC past continuous-necklace éπE°œç-îª-™‰ü¿’ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ.I knew I was missing the movie - MovieéÓ™p-ûª’-Ø√o-†E/ §ÚíÌô’dèπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o-†E ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ,was missing past continuous. È®çúø’ v°æßÁ÷-í¬©’ Ææçü¿-®√s¥-Eo-•öÀd correct Å®·-†-°æ¤púø’, ÅC àtense, à part of speech ÅØË îª®Ωa Å†-´-Ææ®Ωçéπü∆?

Q. 1. 'i' in 'Na.ive' is always written or printed

like .i (double dot over

.i) why?

2. Are energy forms like electricity, magnet-ism, heat, light.. material nouns orabstract nouns? Explain why?

3. I am married. Is it the passive form as I ammarried (by someone) or married is used asan adjective? How can we know?

4. Are Americans following Britain English orfollowing their own. I have asked thisbecause in some grammar books written byNorma Lewi, who is native Author ofAmerica. I found 'meter' instead of 'metre'and so many.

- Ch. Govardhan, PidathapolurA. 1) The i in Na

.ive is always printed with dou-

ble dots to indicate that both the vowels'a' and 'i' are pronounced, as na-Ive andnot as neive.

2) All these nouns are abstract nouns. But whenlight means a lamp it is a common noun.

3) In 'I am married', married is an adjective,like interested in 'I am interested'. We knowit is not the passive form because in thepassive form we use the object, I am mar-ried to him/ her. In this sentence, am mar-ried is passive. In the sentence, I am mar-ried- married is an adjective.

4) Americans follow American English and notBritish English. The official spelling book inthe US is Webster's Dictionary (Websterwas an American and he was solelyresponsible for American spelling.) In otheraspects like pronunciation and usage too,only American English is accepted in theUS.

EXERCISE

Write News headlines in English for thefollowing, using past participles.

a) ´·í∫’_®Ω’ õ„v®Ω-JÆæ’d© E®Ωsçüµ¿ç (E®Ωsç-Cµç-îªúøç= detain)

b) Ê°ü¿-©èπ◊ °æö«d© °æç°œùÀ (°æçîªúøç= Distribute)

c) ü¿’¶«ß’™ ´·í∫’_®Ω’ ¶µ«®Ω-Bßª’ é¬Jt-èπ◊© ´’®Ωùç (PP of Kill ¢√úøçúÕ)

d) ØË§ƒ™¸™ áEo-éπ© E®Ωy-£æ«ù (hold= E®Ωy-£œ«ç-îªúøç).

ANSWERS

a) Three terrorists detained

b) Pattas distributed to the poor

c) Three Indian labourers killed in Dubai

d) Elections held in Nepal

.. laws made only to be br.. laws made only to be brokenoken



Susen: You look so tired, why? people mov-ing to new homes should apearhappy.

(àçöÀ? Å©-Æœ-§Ú-®·-†ô’x éπEp-Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤? éÌûªhÉçöÀéÀ ´÷Í®-¢√∞¡Ÿx ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ Öçú≈L éπü∆?)

Prasen: A new home does make me happy, butmoving into it is not such an easy thing.Packing and moving do take the life outof you. Believe me I haven't had a winkof sleep for three days now.

(éÌûªh É©xØËC ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-éπ®Ω¢Á’i† N≠æ-ßª’¢Ë’, é¬FÅçü¿’-™éÀ ´÷®Ωúøç Ææ’©-¶µº-¢Á’i† N≠æ-ßª’-¢Ë’O’é¬ü¿’. ≤ƒ´÷†’x §ƒué˙îËßª’úøç, ¢√öÀE ûª®Ω-Lç-îªúøç v§ƒùç §Úûª’ç-ü¿-†’éÓ. ´‚vúÓ-V-©’í¬ Ø√èπ◊äéπ\ èπ◊†’èπ◊ ™‰ü¿çõ‰ †´·t.)

Take the life out of some one = v§ƒùç Bßª’úøç.

The money lender is taking the life out of thefarmer for the money he lent him =

Ç ´úŒf ¢√u§ƒJ ûª†’ É*a† Å°æ¤pèπ◊, Ç È®jûª’ v§ƒù«©’ûÓúË-Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’/ BÆæ’h-Ø√oúø’.Money lender = ´úŒf ¢√u§ƒJ Susen: But you've engaged professional pack-

ers and movers for the job.

(Å®·ûË †’´¤y Ç °æEE ≤ƒ´÷†’x §ƒué˙ îËÆœ,ûª®Ω-LçîË éπçÂ°FéÀÅ°æpñ„-§ƒp´¤éπü∆?)

professional = à °æØÁjØ√äéπ ´%Ahí¬, Ææç§ƒ-ü¿-†èπ◊ îËÊÆ.Professional Tennisplayers = ´%Ahí¬, Ö§ƒ-Cµ-éÓÆæç õ„EoÆˇ ÇúË véÃú≈-é¬-®Ω’©’Professional actors = ´%Ah°æ®Ω-¢Á’i-† †ô’©’.Professional x Amateur = Ææ®Ω-ü∆-éÓÆæç îËÊÆ-¢√∞¡Ÿx. (´’†™ î√-™«- ’çC amateur photographers /actors éπü∆?)Prasen: They are not so careful how they pack

and move. You must supervise theirwork, or else your goods are damaged.

(Åçûª ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ àçîËßª’®Ω’ ¢√∞¡Ÿx, -§ƒuéÀçí˚Å®·Ø√, ûª®Ω-Lç-îª-úø-¢Á’iØ√, F °æ®Ωu-¢Ë-éπ~ùÖçú≈L. ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ ´’† ´Ææ’h-´¤©’ §ƒúø-´¤-û√®·.)

Susen: And then, there is of course arrangingthings in the new home. That you haveto do it yourself.

(Ç ûª®√yûª ¢√öÀ-†-Eoç-öÀF Ææ®Ωlúøç ÖçCí¬.ÅC †’¢Ëy îË≤Ú\-¢√L.)

Prasen: That's right. That has taken me a wholecouple of days. Still it is'nt over.

(Å´¤†’. Åçü¿’èπ◊ Ø√èπ◊ È®çúø’-®Ó-V©’°æöÀdçC. Å®·Ø√ Éçé¬ ÅC °æ‹®Ωh-´-™‰ü¿’.)

Susen: Sleeping in a new place makes a differ-ence as well.

(éÌûªhîÓô EvCçîªúøç èπÿú≈ é¬Ææh ûËú≈ØË.)Prasen: Yea. Takes some time, adjusting to the

new place.

(Å´¤†’. éÌûªh îÓô’èπ◊ Å©¢√ô’ °æúËç-ü¿’èπ◊

Ææ´’ßª’ç °æúø’-ûª’çC.)Susen: Isn't yours the newly painted house, the

third one on the right side of the street?

(FC Ç OCµ™ èπ◊úÕ ¢Áj°æ¤† ®Ωçí∫’©’ ¢ËÆœ†´‚úÓ É™‰x-éπü∆?)

Prasen: That's the one.

Susen: Isn't your accommodation paid for byyour company?

(F ´Ææ-A/- Éç-öÀéÀ ÅüÁl éπçÂ°FßË’ îÁLx-Ææ’hçü∆?)Prasen: Not the whole of it, just 60% of it.

(¢Á·ûªhç é¬ü¿’. 60 ¨»ûªç ´÷vûª¢Ë’)Susen: Wish you a happy life in your new

home.

(éÌ-ûªh Éçöx †’´¤y ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ Öçú≈-©E éÓ®Ω’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’.)

Prasen: Thank you.

véÀûªç È®çúø’ lessons ™ Past participle usesîª÷¨»ç. Ñ lesson ™present participle(...ing form) uses ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç. Look at the following

sentences from the dialogueabove.

1) People moving into new homesshould appear happy.

2) ... but moving into a new homeis'nt such an easy thing.

3) Packing and moving do take thelife out of you.

4) There is, of course, arranging things in thenew home.

5) Sleeping in a new place does make a differ-ence.

≤ƒ-üµ∆®Ω-ùçí¬ '...ing' form èπ◊ ´îËa Å®√n©’ 1) àüÁjØ√äéπ-°æE îËÆæ’h†o, 2) äéπ °æE îËßª’úøç,3) äéπ-°æE îËÊÆ.. ÅØË Å®√n©’ ´≤ƒh®·. É°æ¤púø’ îª÷úøçúÕ

1) People moving into new homes shouldappear happy =

éÌûªh ÉçöxéÀ ´÷Í® ¢√∞¡Ÿx ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ éπE-°œç-î√L.a) Students doing engineering have good job

opportunities = Éç>-F-Jçí˚ îªC¢Ë Nü∆u-®Ω’l¥-©èπ◊ ´’ç* ÖüÓu-í¬-´-é¬-¨»©’Ø√o®·.

b) Vehicles plying the highway have to pay atoll =

Ñ -®Ω£æ«-ü∆-J-™ ¢Á∞Ïx ¢√£æ«-Ø√©’ ö™¸ îÁLxç-î√L.c) Teachers teaching maths need a lot of

patience =

™„éπ\©’ ¶CµçîË öÃîª®Ωxèπ◊ î√™« ã®Ω’p Å´-Ææ®ΩçII '...ing' form èπ◊ ÉçéÓ Å®Ωnç äéπ-°æE îËßª’úøç

2) Packing and moving into a new home isn'tsuch an easy thing =

≤ƒ´÷†’x §ƒué˙ îËßª’úøç, éÌûªh ÉçöÀéÀ ´÷®Ωúøç ÅçûªÆæ’©-¶µº-¢Á’i† N≠æßª’ç é¬ü¿’.

a) Watching Indian movies can be boring =

¶µ«®Ω-Bßª’ ÆœE- ÷©’îª÷úøôç NÆæ’í∫’ éπL_ç-îª-´îª’a.b) Smoking is injuriousto health =

§Òí∫-°‘-©aúøç Ç®Ó-í¬u-EéÀ £æ…E-éπ®Ωç.Ø√©’íÓ ¢√éπuç™ arranging èπ◊ èπÿú≈ÉüË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC.

4) Arranging things in a new hometakes the life out of us =

éÌûªh Éçöx ≤ƒ´÷†’x Ææ®Ωlúøç ´’† v§ƒù«Lo ûÓúË-Ææ’hçC.

(Å®·üÓ ¢√éπuç èπÿú≈ ÅçûË).5. Sleeping in a new place does make a differ-

ence =

éÌûªh îÓô E-vCçîªúøç, ´’†èπ◊ é¬Ææh ûËú≈í¬ ÅEp-Ææ’hçC.ÉD '....ing' form Å®Ωnç, Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç. SpokenEnglish ™ É™« '....ing' form ¢√úøôç î√™«ûª®Ωîª’.

Éçé¬ É™« èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç: äéπ®Ω’ äéπ °æE îËßª’úøçÅØË Å®Ωl¥çûÓ.

His coming here makes everyone happy =

Åûª-E-éπ\-úÕéÀ ®√´úøç Åçü¿-JéÃ Ç†çü¿ç éπLTÆæ’hçC.Kumar's buying the site was a wise move =

èπ◊´÷®˝ ÇÆæn-™«Eo éÌ†úøç ûÁL-¢Áj† °æE.í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ: É™«çöÀ îÓôx, Åçõ‰ äéπ®Ω’ äéπ °æEîËßª’úøç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ my, our, your, his, her, their +ing form ´Ææ’hçC.a) I don't like your coming late to class.

(†’´¤y é¬xÆæ’èπ◊ Ç©-Ææuçí¬ ®√´úøç Ø√éÀ≠ædç ™‰ü¿’.) b) My father was angry at my getting such low

marks

(ØË†çûª ûªèπ◊\´ ´÷®Ω’\©’ ûÁîª’a-éÓ-´-úøç °æôx ´÷Ø√†oèπ◊ éÓ°æç ´*açC.)

c) He is not keen on our attending the function=

¢Ë’´÷ é¬®Ωu-véπ-´÷-EéÀ £æ…ï®Ω’ é¬´úøç °æôx Åûª-úÕéÀÅçûª °æöÀdç-°æ¤-™‰ü¿’.

Keen = v¨¡ü¿l¥/ °æöÀdç°æ¤ Öçúøúøç.He is keen on going to the US =

Åûªúø’ Å¢Á’Jé¬ ¢Á∞«x-©ØË °æöÀdç°æ¤/ °æô’d-ü¿-©ûÓ ÖØ√oúø’) äéπ úéÀh äéπ °æE-îËßª’úøç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√∞¡x Ê°®Ωx ¢ÁçôØË's ûÓé¬F/ ™‰èπ◊çú≈ é¬F ...ing form ¢√úøû√ç.a) Every one observed Prasanth's/ Prasanth

talking to the girl = v°æ¨»çû˝ Ç Å´÷t-®·ûÓ´÷ö«xúøôç Åçü¿®Ω÷ í∫´’-Eç-î√®Ω’.

b) The students' / stu-dents shouting ofSlogans wasn't to theliking of the principal =

Nü∆u-®Ω’n© EØ√-ü∆© íÌúø´v°œEq-°æ-™¸èπ◊ †îªa-™‰ü¿’. c) Everyone was shocked at Kesav's/ Kesav

talking like that =

Íé¨¡¢˛ Å™« ´÷ö«xúøôç °æôx Åçü¿®Ω÷ Cví¬s¥çAîÁçü∆®Ω’.Be used to (Å©-¢√ô’çúø-ôç/ °æJ-§ƒöÀé¬´úøç), enjoy (Ç†ç-Cç-îªôç), give up (´÷ØË-ßª’úøç), Mind (Å¶µºuç-ûª®Ωç ûÁ©°æúøç) = Object to,

Prefer äéπ ü∆E-éπØ√o ÉçéÓöÀ áèπ◊\´ É≠æd-°æ-úøôç.Practise- OöÀ ûª®√yûª á°æ¤púø÷ Noun í¬F ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ -'ing' form í¬F ´Ææ’hçC. Infinitive ®√ü¿’.a) i) I am used to the heat of Vijayawada.

(Ø√èπ◊ Nï-ßª’-¢√úø áçúø-¢ËúÕ Å©-¢√õ‰. Heat-noun)

ii) I am used to getting up early.

(Ø√èπ◊ Â°çü¿-™«úË ™‰´úøç Å©-¢√ô’. Getting-ingform)

b) i) He enjoys sweets. (sweets A†-ú≈Eo Åûªúø’Ç†ç-C-≤ƒhúø’.Sweets-noun)

ii) He enjoys taking long walks.

(î√™« ü¿÷®Ωç †úø´ú≈Eo Åûªúø’ Ç†ç-C-≤ƒhúø’/Åûª-EéÀ≠ædç)c) i) He gave up his job for an acting career.

(†ôØ√ ¢√u°æéπç éÓÆæç Åûªúø’ ûª† ÖüÓu-í¬Eo ´÷ØË-¨»úø’/ Ć-™‰-¨»úø’.)

Gave up + job (noun)

ii) He gave up smoking

(smoking ´÷ØË-¨»-úø-ûª†’.)gave up + smoking ...ing form).

M.SURESAN


Practise the following aloud in english.

Pradhan: --Å-ûªúÕ-éπ\-úÕéÀ ®√´úøç í∫’Jç* Fèπ◊ ûÁ©’≤ƒ?

Pravesh: ¢√∞¡xéπ\ ûª† friend ûÓ ´÷ö«xúøôç îª÷úø-í¬ØË Ø√éπ-®Ωn-´’-®·çC -Å-ûªúÌ-î√a-úøE.

Pradhan: -Å-ûªúÕ™« suddení¬ ®√´ôç Ø√éÀ≠ædçÖçúøü¿’. -Å-ûªúÕ-éπ\-úø’çõ‰ îª÷Ææ’éÓ´úøç(attend on) Â°ü¿l ûª©-ØÌ°œp.

Pravesh: ÅûªúÕE äçôJí¬ ĆL ¢Á∞¡xúøç bad man-

ners éπü∆?

Pradhan: Åûªúø’ ¢Á∞¡xôç í∫’Jç* FÍé-´’-®·Ø√ûÁ©’≤ƒ?

Pravesh: ØËEçé¬ -Å-ûªúÕE éπ©-´-™‰ü¿’.

Answer

Pradhan: Do you know about his coming here?

Pravesh: When I saw his sister talking to her

friend, I knew he had came.

Pradhan: I don't like his coming suddenly like

this. when he is here attending on

him is a headache.

Pravesh: Leaving him alone will be bad man-

ners

Pradhan: (Have you) any idea of his going?

Pravesh: I haven't met him yet.

Q. éÀç-C ¢√é¬u-©†’ Éç-Tx-≠ˇ™ á™« ®√ßª÷-™ -ûÁ-©’°æç-úÕ.

1. É®Ω’-èπ◊\E èπÿ®Óa-´úøç (Öü∆: äÍé •©xÂ°j Åçü¿®Ω÷

É®Ω’-èπ◊\E èπÿ®Óa-´ü¿’l.)2. ÉÆæ-ÍéÊÆh ®√©-†çûª ï†ç ( Öü∆. Ñ ®ÓV A®Ω’-

´’--™x ÉÆæ-ÍéÊÆh ®√©-†çûª ï†ç ÖØ√o®Ω’.)–-á-Ø˛.-vQ, -A®Ω’°æ-A

A. 1. Sitting crowded/ to sit crowded/ tocrowd (Don't sit crowded on the samebench) (The bench is cramped/crowded. Why don't some of you moveout? = Bench É®Ω’í¬_ ÖçC. O’™ éÌçûª-´’çC ´îËa-ßª’çúÕ.

2. DEéÀ ûªí∫_--ô’dí¬ àO’-™‰ü¿’. -Å®·-ûË É™« ÅØÌîª’a.Crowd too thick to let even sand grains topass.

Q. ≤Úpéπ--Ø˛ Éç-T-x≠ˇ §ƒ®∏√©’ E®Ωç-ûª-®√-ßª’çí¬ Éýúøçéπçõ‰ ´çüÓ, È®çúø’-´ç-ü¿™ §ƒ®∏√-©ûÓ äéπ¶µ«í¬Eo ´·Tç*, Ç ûª®Ω-¢√ûª Åú≈y-Ø˛qú˛ §ƒ®∏√-

©ûÓ ´’®Ó ¶µ«í∫ç ¢Á·ü¿©’ Â°öÀd Öçúø-´îª’aéπü∆? Ñ ≤ÚpéπØ˛ Éç-Tx≠ˇ §ƒ®∏√©’ á°æp-öÀéÀ °æ‹®Ωh-´¤-û√®·? Éç-Tx-≠ˇ™ ´÷ö«x-ú≈-©çõ‰ O’J-*a†¢√öÀ™ áEo §ƒ®∏√©’ îªC-NûË ÆæJ-§Ú-ûª’çC?

– áÆˇ.-¢Áç-éπö¸, °œ.A-®Ω’-´’™¸ Â£j«ü¿-®√-¶«-ü˛

A. ¶µ«≠æ ÅØËC ´·êuçí¬ English ™«çöÀCá°æ¤púø÷ ´÷®Ω’-ûª÷ØË Öçô’çC. Åçü¿’-Íé Éçé¬É™« É-Ææ’h-Ø√oç. ´÷´‚©’í¬ Eûªu-@-N-ûªç™Å´-Ææ-®Ω-´’ßË’u ´®Ωèπ◊ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢Á·ü¿öÀ200 lessons î√©’. -Å®·-ûË ÉçéÌçîÁç ¶«í¬´÷ö«x-úËç-ü¿’èπ◊ practice éÓÆæç Ñ LessonsÉÆæ’hØ√oç. Advanced Stage™ØË ´’†çÖØ√oç. É°æ¤púø’ É™« ÉÆæ÷hç-úøôç ´©x O’®Ω’English™ touch™ -Öç-úÕ éÌûªhN ØË®Ω’a-éÓí∫-©’í∫’-û√®Ω’.

He enjoys taking long walks



Q. 1. I have no money. I have not money.

Ñ È®çúÕç-öÀéÀ ûËú≈ àN’öÀ? 2. Vis-a-vis DE Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ? à Nüµ¿çí¬

v°æßÁ÷-Tç-î√L? N´-®Ωçí¬ ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.- Dhana, Hyderabad

A. 1) I have no money- ÉC correct= Ø√ ü¿í∫_®Ωúø•’s-™‰ü¿’.

I have not money- ÉC ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’.

I haven't (have not) any money/ I haven't

the money- Ñ È®çúÕçöÀ™ àüÁjØ√ correct, é¬ÆæhÅ®Ωnç ûËú≈ûÓ.

I haven't any money = Ø√ ü¿í∫_Í®ç úø•’s ™‰ü¿’.

I haven't the money=

Ø√ ü¿í∫_®Ω (üËE-ÈéjØ√ é¬´-©-Æœ†) úø•’s-™‰ü¿’.

Why don't you buy a car? =

(†’´¤y car áçü¿’-éÌ\-†´¤?)

I haven't the money =

(Ø√ ü¿í∫_®Ω Åçü¿’-é¬\-´-©-Æœ†) úø•’s-™‰ü¿’. Åçü¿’-é¬\-´-©-Æœ† ÅE Å®Ωnç ®√´-ú≈-EéÀ, the ¢√úøû√ç.

'You haven't paid the fees yet' =

(†’Nyçé¬ fees éπôd-™‰ü¿’)

'I haven't the money' =

(Åçü¿’-é¬\-´-©-Æœ† úø•’s Ø√ ü¿í∫_®Ω ™‰ü¿’)

2) vis-a-vis (OïO– ï, size ™ ñ¸ ™«) = ü∆EéÀÆæç•ç-Cµç*.

Q. 1. Function, Celebration, Reception OöÀEí∫’Jç* N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.2. Wedding, Marriage OöÀE èπÿú≈ ûÁ©’-°æçúÕ.

- Meduri Satyanarayana, Hyderabad

A. Function: ¢Ëúø’éπ/ Öûªq´ç. Independence

day function, marriage function (≤ƒç°∂œ’éπ,´’ûª-°æ-®Ω-¢Á’i† Öûªq-¢√©’)

Celebration: The way in which we conduct afunction- äéπ Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo– Â°Rx, °æ¤öÀd†-®ÓV, Nï-ßª÷-©†’ Åçü¿Ko Ç£æ…y-Eç* °∂æ’†çí¬ ï®Ω’-°æ¤-éÓ-´úøç.Reception: àüÁjØ√ birthday, marriage ™«çöÀÆæçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™ ÉîËa Nçü¿’, tea party, etc.

Marriage, wedding ü∆ü∆°æ¤ äéπõ‰– Â°Rx ÅE.Å®·ûË wedding Å†o-°æ¤púø’, Â°Rx Ææ´’-ßª’ç™ïJÍí ´’ûª Ææç•ç-üµ¿-¢Á’i† °æN-vûªçí¬ ¶µ«NçîË ûªçûª’°æü¿l¥-ûª’-©èπ◊ v§ƒüµ∆†uç Öçô’çC.The marriage took place last year = ¢√∞¡xÂ°Rx éÀçü¿-õ‰-ú≈C ïJ-TçC.The wedding took place with due ceremo-ny= ûªT† Ææçv°æü∆-ßª’çûÓ (Ææçv°æ-ü∆-ßª’-•-ü¿l¥çí¬) ÇÂ°Rx ïJ-TçC.

Q. 1. Does it have a name? éπÈ®-ÍédØ√? thirdperson singular é¬•öÀd Does it have aname ÅØ√L éπü∆.

2. How go your studies/ How does go yourstudies àC éπÈ®èπ◊d?

3. Going two hours earlier is better than to belate by two minutes .. ÉC éπÈ®-ÍédØ√?

4. I don't have at home the tablets I usuallytake ÅØ√o®Ω’. ü∆Eo I don't have the tabletsat home which I usually take Åçõ‰ ûª§ƒp?

5. So have I, like to Ñ È®çúø÷ äéπõ‰ Å®√nEoÉ≤ƒhßª÷? - V. Narayana Reddy, Giddalur

A. 1) Question é¬†°æ¤púø’ not ûÓ, III person sin-gular ûÓ has ´Ææ’hçC. Question ™, notûÓDoes have Å´¤-ûª’çC éπü∆?

2) How go your studies? (F îªü¿’-¢Á™« ÖçC?)/How goes life? (@Nûªç á™« ÖçC?) É´Fo°æ©-éπ-Jç°æ¤ ´÷ô©’. Studies, plural éπü∆? Howdoes your studies go? Å†úøç ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. Howdoes go your studies? Éçé¬ ûª°æ¤p.

(Does go, verb Å®·-†-°æ¤púø’, does èπ◊, go èπ◊´’üµ¿u™ Subject you ®√¢√L éπü∆?)

3) Correct.

4) I don't have the tablets at home which I usu-ally take. Ééπ\úø, home which I usually take =ØË†’ ´÷´‚-©’í¬ BÆæ’-èπ◊ØË É©’x ÅE Å®Ωnç´Ææ’hçC. BÆæ’-èπ◊-ØËC tablets ØËí¬F, ÉçöÀE é¬ü¿’éπü∆? é¬•öÀd ÉC ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’.

5) So have I. ÉC ÉçéÌ-éπJ ´÷ô-©èπ◊ Ø√èπÿ ÖçC,ÅE ÆæpçCçîË ¢√éπuç.

'I have a car' (Ø√èπ◊ car ÖçC)

'So have I'(Ø√èπÿ ÖçC)

Ñ Å®ΩnçûÓ, I like to á™« ´Ææ’hçC? ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’.

Q. 1. Spoken English, Grammar, Dictionary éÀí¬F usage of word book ´’ç* books(English-Telugu) îÁ°æpçúÕ. O’Í®-´’Ø√o ®√-¨»®√?

2. He get married her. He get to do. It getwritten. He got done the work. Ñ get, gotÅ®√n©’ ûÁ©’-°æçúÕ.

3. He would like to have done Å®Ωnç ûÁ©’-°æçúÕ.to have done à-ßË’ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x ¢√ú≈™, áEoÅ®√n-©’ç-ö«ßË’ N´-Jç-îªçúÕ.

4. Past ™, future ™í¬F Åûª-ú≈-°æE îËßª÷L.DEo English ™ á™« îÁ§ƒpL?

5. Could ÅØËC Future tense ™ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-îª-´î√a? (ÅEo Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬©’ ûÁ©’-°æçúÕ).He said ''He could do the work''. Åçõ‰ Åûªúø’future ™ îË≤ƒh-úøØ√? past ™ îË-¨»-úøØ√?îËÆæ’hç-úË-¢√-úøØ√?

6. Would do èπ◊ îË-¨»-úøØË Å®Ωnç Öçü∆?He said''He would do the work'' Åçõ‰ îËÆæ’hç-úË-¢√-úøØ√? Future ™ îË≤ƒh-úøØ√? Usages ûÁ©’-°æçúÕ.

- Venkata Rao, GunturA. 1) Grammar & usage èπ◊ O’èπ◊ ¶«í¬ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-

°æúË °æ¤Ææhéπç, Living English structure byStannard Allen.

Dictionary, OxfordAdvanced Learner'sDictionary of currentEnglish.

ü¿’®Ω-ü¿%-≠æd- - »ûª÷h English- Telugu ÖçúË ´’ç*spoken English book™‰ü¿’. ØËEçé¬ ®√ßª’-™‰ü¿’.

2) He get married to her. He get to do it- ÆæÈ®j†sentences é¬´¤. He gets/ got married to her, correct.

Get married = Â°Rx îËÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç (get, marriedûÓ îËÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úøû√ç. He get to do it •ü¿’©’ He has got to do itÅ†úøç correct. Got Ééπ\úø has got ÅØË verb™ ¶µ«í∫ç. DEéÀ v°æûËuéπçí¬ Å®Ωnç Öçúø-C-éπ\úø. He has got to do it = Åûª-úøC îÁßª÷u-LqçüË.

3) He would like to have done it - ÅC (í∫ûªç™)îËÆæ’ç-úËç-ü¿’èπ◊ É≠æd-°æ-úË-¢√úË– îËßª’-™‰ü¿’. To have done = í∫ûªç™ àüÁjØ√ îËÆæ’ç-úøôç. To have done it in the circumstances is real-ly great = Å™«çöÀ °æJ-Æœn-ûª’™x Å™« îËÆæ’ç-úøôç(Åûª-ú≈-°æE îË¨»úø’) íÌ°æp N≠æ-ßª’¢Ë’.

He seems to have gone = Åûªúø’ ¢ÁRx-§Ú-®·-†ô’xØ√oúø’.

4) He had to do it = Åûª-ú≈-°æE îËßª÷Lq ´*açC/îËßª’éπ ûª°æp-™‰ü¿’, îË¨»úø’ (Past).

He must do it/ He will have to do it/ Heshould do it = future ™ Åûªú≈ °æE-îÁ-ßª÷uL.

5) Could- future ™ possibility (≤ƒüµ¿u-´’ßË’u/ï®Ω-í∫-í∫© N≠æ-ßª÷Eo) ûÁ©’°æ¤ûª’çC. If you go to Hyderabad, you could run intohim= †’´¤y Â£j«ü¿-®√-¶«ü˛ ¢ÁRûË Åûª-úÕE Å†’-éÓ-èπ◊çú≈ áéπ\úÁjØ√ éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´îª’a (ÅC ≤ƒüµ¿uç).

6) He said he could do the work (He could dothe work, inverted commas ™ Öçúø-èπÿ-úøü¿’)Å®Ωnç Åûªú≈ °æE îËßª’-í∫-©’-í∫’-û√-†E îÁ§ƒpúø’. Åçõ‰Ñ sentence ™ could past ØË ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûÓç-C-éπü∆?

7) Would do èπ◊ îËÊÆ-¢√úø’ (¢√úø’-éπí¬ í∫ûªç™) ÅEÅ®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. While at school, he would do it everyday =School ™ Ö†o-°æ¤púø’ ÅC Åûªúø’ v°æA®ÓW îËÊÆ-¢√úø’. = He used to do it.

He said he would do the work = Åûªúø’ Ç °æEîË≤ƒh-†E ÅØ√oúø’, Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈ he would do it,inverted commas ™ Öçúø-èπÿ-úøü¿’.

Q. 1. AccentÅçõ‰ Å®Ωnç, Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç ûÁ©’-°æçúÕ.

2. Too, also, sodo, either ©’äÍé™« ÅE-°œ-≤ƒh®·. ¢√öÀEá™« Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√™ ûÁ©’-°æçúÕ.

3. Phrasal verbsèπ◊ v°æû√u-´÷oßª’çÖçü∆? ¢√öÀ Ö°æ-

ßÁ÷í∫ç àN’öÀ? Example- adjust = make do.Å™«Íí phrasal verbs, Idioms †’ conversation™ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-TÊÆh effective í¬ Öçô’çü∆?

- K.Babji, Sankavaram

A. Accent Åçõ‰ ßª÷Ææ. äéπ üË¨¡ç/ äéπ v§ƒçûªç/>™«x v°æï©’ äéπ ¶µ«≠æ†’ ´÷ö«xúË B®Ω’. ´’†ûÁ©’-í∫’-¶µ«-≠æØË éÓ≤ƒh v°æï©’ ´÷ö«xúË B®Ω’(Coastal area accent), ®√ßª’-©-Æ‘´’ v°æï©’´÷ö«xúË B®Ω’ (Rayalaseema accent) andûÁ©ç-í¬ù™ ´÷ö«xúË B®Ω’ (Telanganaaccent) ¢ËÍ®y®Ω’ éπü∆. äéπJ accent †’ •öÀd¢√∞Ïx v§ƒçûªç v°æï™ îÁ°æp-´îª’a. We all speakEnglish with an Indian accent = ´’†ç Åçû√English †’ ¶µ«®Ω-Bßª’ ßª÷ÆæûÓ ´÷ö«x-úøû√ç.Important - Éç§ƒ-È®dçö¸ – ÉC ÉçúÕ-ßª’Ø˛accent. Éç§ƒ-ôçö¸, §ƒ ØÌéÀ\- °æ-LéÀ pro-nounce îËÊÆh ÅC British accent Å´¤-ûª’çC.

Accent Åçõ‰ stress ÅE èπÿú≈ Å®Ωnç.English ™ äéπ ´÷ô™E àüÁjØ√ ¨¡¶«lEoØÌéÀ\ °æL-éÀûË, Ç ¨¡•lç O’ü¿ accent/ stress

Öçô’çC. English - Éçü¿’™ ´’†ç(Indians) UxE ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç– ÉçUx≠ˇ ÅE.Å®·ûË Ñ °æü¿ç™ Éç O’ü¿ stress. accent

Öçô’çC. ÉçUx≠ˇ – ÉçéÌçîÁç force ûÓ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç. Åçõ‰ English †’ pronounce îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’, the accent is on 'in'.

2) Too, also, so do, either – -O-öÀ í∫’-Jç-* Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ lessons ™ î√™« N´-®Ωçí¬ûÁL§ƒç, îª÷úøçúÕ.

3) Phrasal verbs ¢√úøôç ´©x ´’† ¶µ«≠æ sim-

ple í¬ natural í¬ Öçô’çC. Phrasa verbs

¶µ«≠æ™ Ææ£æ«-ï-¢Á’i† ¶µ«í¬©’.

Let's adjust with what we have Å†úøç éπçõ‰Let's make do with what we have Åçõ‰ ¶µ«≠ænatural í¬ Öçô’çC éπü∆.

(Adjust éÌClí¬ ví¬çC∑éπç é¬´îª’a). Phrasal

verbs †÷, idioms †÷ ¢√úÕ-ûËØË ¶µ«≠æ î√™«effective í¬ Öçô’çC.

M.SURESAN


He gets/ got marHe gets/ got married to herried to her

Q. House full, full of house; Non-vegetarian, not -vegetarian;Only vimal, vimal only - OöÀ™àC éπÈ®èπ◊d? Over, up ©èπ◊ ûËú≈àN’öÀ? example -†’ eg: ÅE®√ßª’-´î√a?

- GLT Ram, Secunderabad.A. 1) House Full Åçõ‰ cinema hall

EçúÕ-§Ú-®·çC. Seats -ë«-S-™‰´¤/Tickets ÅFo Å´·t-úø-®·§Úßª÷®·ÅE Å®Ωnç. ûÁ©’Ææ’éπü∆ Ééπ\úøhouse= cinema hall/ theatre ÅE.Full of house Å†ç éπü∆? House èπ◊Å®Ωnç É©’x ÅØË é¬èπ◊çú≈, à éπôdúøç(building) -Å®·-Ø√ -Å-E Éçûªèπ◊´·çü¿’

lessons ™ îÁ§ƒpç éπü∆.Business House = ¢√u§ƒ®Ω ÆæçÆæn. House = Parliament/ Assembly/Council/ Meeting - ÉN ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o v°æüË-¨»©’ èπÿú≈.

2) Non-Vegetarian (Not-Vegetariané¬ü¿’)= ¨»é¬-£æ…-®Ωç-é¬E/ ¨»é¬-£æ…-J-é¬E´uéÀh. Ñ Å®√n-©ûÓ Å®·ûË Non-Vegetarian, Correct. Non ÅE üËE-´·ç-ü¿-®·Ø√ îËJÊÆh ÅC-é¬-EC ÅE. Indians x Non-Indians (¶µ«®Ω-B-ßª·-©’-é¬-E-¢√®Ω’/ ¶µ«®Ω-B-ßË’-ûª-®Ω’©’). Not vegetarian äéπ-´÷-ô-é¬ü¿’, È®çúø’´÷ô©’= ¨»é¬-£æ…®Ωç/ ¨»é¬-£æ…J é¬ü¿’.

3) Over Åçõ‰ äéπ-ü∆-EÂ°j ÅE Å®Ωnç. There is a map on the wall over thetable= Table èπ◊Â°j† áéπ\úÓ (TableO’ü¿-ØË -é¬-èπ◊çú≈), íÓúøO’ü¿ map ÖçC.He jumped over the wall = O’-C-†’ç* ü¿÷é¬úø’, Å´-ûª-L-¢Áj-°æ¤. up = Â°jéÀ. He climbed up the hill= éÌçúø-Â°jéÀ áé¬\úø’. His office is up the stairs = ¢Á’ôx-Â°j† ÅûªE office ÖçC.Up Åçõ‰ ã Cèπ◊\ ¢Áç•úË ÅØË Å®Ωnçèπÿú≈ ÖçC. His home is furtherup the road= ÅûªúÕ É©’x Ñ ®Óú˛¢Áç•úË ü¿÷®Ωçí¬/ *´®Ω ÖçC.

4) ´’†ç îÁ§ƒp-©-†’-èπ◊†o ¶µ«¢√Eo •öÀd, onlyposition Öçô’çC. He wears onlyVimal clothes = Åûªúø’ á°æ¤púø÷N´’™¸ ü¿’Ææ’h™‰ ¢ËÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ö«úø’. (ÉçÍééπçÂ°-FN ¢√úøúø’). He only wearsVimal= Åûªúø’ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ N´’™¸ ü¿’Ææ’h©’¢ËÆæ’èπ◊çö«úø’– ÉçÈé-´®Ω÷ ¢√öÀE ¢√úø®Ω’.Å®·ûË, He wears Vimal only= Hewears only Vimal- Ééπ\úø Vimal onlyÅØ√o, Only Vimal ÅØ√o äéπõ‰ éπü∆?

5) Example èπ◊ ÆæÈ®j† abbreviation EgØË, ÉC Latin ¶µ«≠æ †’ç* ´*a†Exempligratia (áÈíbç°œx-vÍí-≠œßª÷) èπ◊abbreviation. Eg éÀ correct Å®Ωnç, forexample = Öü∆£æ«®Ω-ùèπ◊, ÅE.



Sanket: What do I read in this newspaper here?'Maoists slaughtering Tribals'.

(Ñ ¢√®√h-°æ-vA-éπ™ ØË†’ àç îªü¿’-´¤-ûª’Ø√o†’? 'TJ-ï-†’-©†’ Üîª-éÓûª éÓÆæ’h†o´÷N-Ææ’d©’—.)

Satwik: The Chattisgadh Government is yet tolearn a lesson or two from the AndhraPradesh Government in checking theatrocities of the Maoists.

(´÷NÆˇd Åéπ%û√u-©†’ Ç°æ-úøç™ îµªBhÆˇí∫úµ˛v°æ¶µº’ûªyç Ççvüµ¿-v°æ-üË ¸ v°æ¶µº’ûªyç †’ç* Éçé¬ØË®Ω’a-éÓ-™‰ü¿’.)

Learn a lesson or two- ÉC äéπJ ü¿í∫_®Ω †’ç*ÉçéÌ-éπ®Ω’ éÌçûª ØË®Ω’aéÓ´úøç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ English™ ≤ƒüµ∆-®Ω-ùçí¬ ¢√úË expression.

There is a lesson or two I can learn from youabout spending money carefully = úø•’sñ«ví∫ûªhí¬ ê®Ω’a-Â°õ‰d N≠æ-ßª’ç™ F ü¿í∫_®Ω †’ç* éÌçûªØË®Ω’a-éÓ-¢√L ØË†’.

Sanket: Here's another piece of news under theheading, 'Kutch Rising from the Ruins'.

(ÉçéÓ-¢√®Ωh, Ñ heading éÀçü¿: 'PC∑-™«©†’ç* Â°jéÀ ™‰Ææ’h†o éπî˝—.)

Satwik: I've read it. It's interesting. (It) tells ushow Kutch, levelled to the ground inthe 2001 earthquake, Kutch has devel-oped into a thriving industrial centre.

(ØË†’ îªC-¢√-†C. î√™« ÇÆæ-éÀh-éπ-®Ωçí¬ ÖçC.2001 ¶µº÷éπç-°æç™ ØË©- ’-ôd-¢Á’i† éπî˝ (í∫’ï-®√-û˝-™E v§ƒçûªç)Nï-ßª’-´ç-ûª-¢Á’i†§ƒJ-v¨»-N’éπÍéçvü¿çí¬ á™«´%Cl¥ îÁçCçüÓîÁ•’-ûª’ç-ü¿C.)

Sanket: 'BSNL to extend its services to more vil-lages'. This is another news headline.

('´’J-éÌEo ví¬´÷-©èπ◊ ÊÆ´-©†’ NÆæh-Jç-îª-†’†oBSNL')

Satwik: That's really welcome news. WhateverIndia's progress in other fields, itsprogress in communications during thelast ten years has been amazing.

(Eïçí¬ ÅC ≤ƒyí∫-Aç-°æ-ü¿í∫_ ¢√®Ωh. N’í∫û√®Ωçí¬™x ¶µ«®Ωû˝ v°æí∫A á™« ÖØ√o, com-munications ®Ωçí∫ç™ ´÷vûªç Åü¿’s¥-ûªçí¬ÖçC.)

amaze= î√™« Ç¨¡a-®√uEo éπL-Tç-îªúøç.Sanket: Government to implement new pay

scales from 2006. This is another head-line here.

(ÉçéÓ head line: éÌûªh ¢Ëûª† ÊÆ\∞¡x†’ 2006†’ç* Å´’-©’-°æ-®Ω-îª-†’†o v°æ¶µº’ûªyç.)

Satwik: This is the election year, you know. Thegovernment is going all out to pleaseevery section of voters.

(ÉC áEo-éπ© Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç éπü∆? v°æA ´®Ω_çãô®Ωx†’ ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-°æ-J-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊ v°æ¶µº’ûªyç ÅEo-N-üµ∆™« v°æßª’-Ao-≤ÚhçC.)

Go all out = ÅEo Nüµ∆™« v°æßª’-Aoç-îªúøçSanket: Government to open 3 more IITs in the

coming year- this is perhaps the best ofthe news in the papers today.

(Éçé¬ ´‚úø’ IIT ©†’ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-îª-†’†ov°æ¶µº’ûªyç. •£æ›¨» ÑØ√öÀ ¢√®Ωh-©-Eoç-öÀ™ÉüË-ØË¢Á÷ ´’ç*-¢√®Ωh.)

Satwik: It is to start 7 more IIMs too.

(Éçé¬ 7 IIMs †’ èπÿú≈ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-îª-†’çC.)Sanket: And the OBC quota to be implemented

from this year too.

(´’Sx OBC quota èπÿú≈ Ñ Ææç´ûªq®Ωç†’çîË Å´’-©- -†’çC.)

Satwik: Wait. Someone is calling. Let meattend to it.

(Çí∫’. á´®Ó Ø√èπ◊ phone îËÆæ’h-Ø√o®Ω’.îª÷úøE.)

English Newspaper ©™ Headlines (´·ë«uç-¨»©’ ûÁLÊ° Headings) ≤ƒüµ∆-®Ω-ùçí¬ Â°j† Ææç¶µ«-≠æ-ù™ûÁL-°œ-†-ô’xç-ö«®·. ´’† English speaking ØÁj°æ¤ùuçÂ°çîª’-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ English Newspapers îªü¿- úøç ÅEoNüµ∆™« Å´-Ææ®Ωç. Åçü¿’™ ¶µ«í∫çí¬ EnglishNewspapers ™ Headings Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’éÓ´úøç î√™«´·êuç. éÌûªhí¬ îªü¿-´úøç ¢Á·ü¿-©’-Â°-õ‰d-¢√-∞¡xèπ◊ Ñ head-ings é¬Ææh Nçûªí¬ ûÓ≤ƒh®·. ¢√öÀE Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-èπ◊ØË Nüµ¿çÉ°æ¤púø’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç.

English News headings éÌEo sentences í¬Öçö«®·, ´’J-éÌEo Phrases (Groups of WordsWithout Verbs - Verbs ™‰E °æü¿-Ææ-´·-ü∆-ßª÷©’) í¬Öçö«®·. Ñ phrases ´‚úø’ ®Ωé¬©’: 1) Phraseswith '...ing' forms 2) Phrases with infinitives and3) Phrases with past participles. (Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çüË´’†èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’: Íé´©ç '...ing' form (going, coming,etc), verb é¬ü¿’. Be form ûÓ éπLÆœ Ö†o '...ing' form´÷vûª¢Ë’ verb (am going, is singing, etc). Å™«ÍíInfinitive (to go, to sing, etc) verb é¬ü¿’. Ç Nüµ¿ç-í¬ØË Íé´©ç past participle (seen, eaten, given,liked, etc) verb é¬ü¿’. ü∆E- ·çü¿’ be form Öçõ‰ØË(is seen, are eaten, has been given, will be liked,etc) ÅN verbs.

News headlines sentences í¬ Öçõ‰ Åçü¿’™verbs Ist Regular

Doing Words (present

simple) í¬ Öçö«®·,í∫ûªç™ ïJ-T† N≠æ-ßª÷Eoreport îËÆæ’hØ√o èπÿú≈.

Eg: India Wins the Second Test(È®çúÓ test ™ ¶µ«®Ωû˝ Èí©’°æ¤/ È®çúÓtest †’ ÈíL-*† ¶µ«®Ωû˝) – Ééπ\úø í∫´’-Eç-î√-Lq† N≠æßª’ç- Match Èí©-´úøç, Ééπ\úøpast Å®·Ø√ heading ™ ´÷vûªç pre-sent simple (Regular Doing Words)¢√úø-û√®Ω’. ü∆E-éÀçü¿ N´-®√©’ ´÷vûªçpast tense ™ Öçö«®·. îª÷úøçúÕ:

India Wins II TestIndia, on Thursday, won the second testagainst Australia by 36 runs. Tendulkar andLaxman top scored for India.

(í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç ¶µ«®Ωû˝, ÇÊÆZ-L-ßª÷Â°j È®çúÓ õ„Ææ’d™ 36°æ®Ω’-í∫’© ûËú≈ûÓ Nïßª’ç ≤ƒCµç-*çC.)É°æ¤púø’ phrases (verbs ™‰E group of words) ûÓ

Ö†o Headlines îª÷ü∆lç.Look at the following from the conversa-

tion above:1) Maoists Slaughtering Tribals

2) Kutch Rising From Ruins

3) BSNL To Extend Its Services To More Villages

4) Government To Implement New Pay ScalesFrom 2006

5) Government To Open 3 More IITs In TheComing Year

6) It Is To Start 7 More IIMs

1) Maoists Slaughtering Tribals - (ÉC '...ing'-form Ö†o headline = TJ-ï-†’-©†’ Üîª-éÓûª éÓÆæ’h†o´÷N-Æd©’ (Slaughter = Üîª-éÓûª/ ¢Ë’éπ©’, íÌvÈ®©™«çöÀ ïçûª’- ¤-©†’ ¢√öÀ ´÷çÆæç-éÓÆæç ´Cµç-îªúøç.)Éçé¬ îª÷úøçúÕ:a) Iran President Visiting India = ¶µ«®Ω-û˝èπ◊

®√†’†o/ ´Ææ’h†o É®√Ø˛ Åüµ¿u-èπ~◊úø’.(visiting= Ææçü¿Jzçîª†’†o.'...ing' form-Heading™)

b) Congress Preparing For Byelections =Ö°æ áEo-éπ-©èπ◊ Æœü¿l¥-´’-´¤-ûª’†o é¬çvÈíÆˇ.(Preparing- ...ing form)

c) HUDA Acquiring More land = ´’J-éÌçûª¶µº÷N’E ÊÆéπ-Jç-îª-†’†o HUDA.

acquiring= ÊÆéπ-Jç-îª-†’†o.

News Headlines ™ '...ing' form áèπ◊\-´í¬ éÌCl-é¬-©ç-™ØË éπ*aûªçí¬ ï-JÍí N≠æ-ßª÷-©†’ ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’çC.

é¬-E, äéÓ\-≤ƒJ '...ing' form ûÓ Ö†o headlines

É°æ¤púø’ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o N≠æ-ßª÷Eo èπÿú≈ ûÁ©’-°æ¤-û√®·.

Kutch Rising From Ruins = PC∑-™«© †’ç* Â°jéÀ™‰Ææ’h†/ ÅGµ´%Cl¥ îÁçü¿’ûª’†o éπî˝. ÉC É°æ¤púø’ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o N≠æßª’ç.

a) Counting going on in Byelections = Ö°æáEoéπ™x éÌ†-≤ƒ-í∫’-ûª’†o (É°æ¤púø’) ãôx ™„éÀ\ç°æ¤.

b) Cement Dealers Hoarding Stocks = ≤ƒdèπ◊©†’Åvéπ-´’çí¬ E©y îËÆæ’h†o Æœ¢Á’çô’ ¢√u§ƒ-®Ω’©’. ÉCèπÿú≈ É°æ¤púø’ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o N≠æßª’ç.

hoard= Åvéπ-´’çí¬ Ææ®Ωèπ◊E©y-îË-ßª’úøç (éÌ®Ωûª Ö†o-°æ¤púø’ ÅCµéπ üµ¿®Ω-©-éπ-¢Ë’tç-ü¿’èπ◊)

É°æ¤púø’ Infinitives ûÓ (to go, tocome etc) ûÓ ´îËa Headings îª÷ü∆lç.É´Fo ûªy®Ω™ØË éπ*a-ûªçí¬ ï®Ω-í∫-¶ßË’¢√öÀE ûÁ©’-°æ¤-û√®·.

4) Government To Implement NewPay Scales from 2006 = éÌûªh ¢Ëûª-Ø√-©†’ 2006 †’ç* (¢Á†’éπ ûËD †’ç*)Å´’-©’-°æ-®Ω-îª-†’†o v°æ¶µº’ûªyç.

implement = Å´’-©’-îË-ßª’úøç

5) and 6) Government to open three more IITsand 7 more IIMs = Éçé¬ ´‚úø’ IIT ©†’, 7 IIM

©†’ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-îª-†’†o v°æ¶µº’ûªyç.

a) Symonds To Play For Hyderabad = Â£j«ü¿-®√-¶«ü˛ ûª®Ω-°æ¤† Çúø-†’†o ÂÆj´’çú˛q.

b) Satyam To Open Software Centres InSomemore Centres = ´’J-éÌ-Eo-îÓôx ≤ƒ°∂ˇd-¢Ë®˝Íéçvü∆©’ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-îª-†’†o Ææûªuç (Computers)

c) Public Distribution System To BeStreamlined = v°æñ«-°æç-°œùÃ Nüµ∆-Ø√Eo îªéπ\-C-ü¿l-†’†o v°æ¶µº’ûªyç.

(Ééπ\úø to be streamlined = to be + PP ofstreamline= ÉC to streamline èπ◊ passiveform- îªéπ\-C-ü¿l-•-úø-†’†o v°æñ«-°æç-°œùÃ ´u´Ææn ÅE´Ææ’hçC. é¬E ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å™« Å†ç éπü∆.d) New Bridge To Be Opened For Traffic Next

Month = ®√éπ-§Ú-éπ-©èπ◊ ´îËa ØÁ©-†’ç* ûÁ®Ω-´-•-úø-†’†o éÌûªh´çûÁ†. ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’ – ´îËa ØÁ©†’ç* (®√éπ-§Ú-éπ-©èπ◊) éÌûªh ´çûÁ† v§ƒ®Ωç¶µºç.

Newspaper Headings †’ É™« Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-¢√L.

EXERCISEPractise News headlines for the following in

English.1) éÌûªh N´÷-Ø√-v¨¡-ßª÷Eo

v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-îª-†’†o ≤ÚE-ßª÷-í¬çDµ(...ingform ¢√úøçúÕ)

2) N¨»-ê™ ®√vA-°æ‹ô N´÷-Ø√©’ CÍí Ææü¿’-§ƒ-ßª÷©’ûªy®Ω™ v§ƒ®Ωç¶µºç(Infinitive ¢√úøçúÕ)

3) ûªy®Ω-™ØË ¶µ«®Ω-û˝èπ◊ ´Ææ’h†o Olympic ñuA (Torch)(... ing form ¢√úøçúÕ)

4) Royal Challengers †’ ãúÕç-*† Kolkata KnightRiders (Sentence í¬ RDW ¢√úøçúÕ)

5) éÌûªh ¢Á÷úø™¸q†’ v°æ¢Ë-¨¡-Â°-ôd-†’†o ´÷®Ω’A (Infinitive¢√úøçúÕ).

ANSWERS

1) Sonia Gandhi Inaugurating The New Airport.

2) Night Landing Facilities To Begin Soon InVisakha.

3) Olympic Torch Coming To India Soon

4) Kolkata Knight Riders Defeat RoyalChallengers.

5) Maruthi To Introduce New Models.

M.SURESAN


Q. 1. Though/ although/ inspite of Ñ ´‚úø÷äÍé Å®√nEo*aØ√, àßË’ Ææçü¿®√s¥™x á™«- ¢√-ú≈™ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. a) She was very ill. She man-aged to smile at everyone. b) They masscopied yet they failed- Ñ ¢√é¬u-©èπ◊ OöÀEá™« Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√L?

2. The meeting had hardly started when sloganshouting began. DEo hardly ûÓ á™« v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-î√L? Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù-©ûÓ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.

3. Ç®Ó-í∫u-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† P¨¡Ÿ-ï-†-Ø√-©-éÓÆæç îª®Ωu©’ BÆæ’-éÓ-¢√-©-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ measures to birth control babies areneeded Å†-´î√a? DEo éπÈ®-èπ◊dí¬ á™« ®√ßª÷L?

- A.Penchalaiah, RajampetaA. 1. a) i) Though/ Although she was ill, she

managed to smile at every one.

ii) Inspite of being ill/ Inspite of her illnessshe managed to smile at everyone.

b) i) Though/ Although they mass copiedthey failed.

ii) Inspite of mass copying they failed.

Though, although, even though, but, yet,inspite of- Oô-Eo-öÀéÃ Å®Ωnç Å®·Ø√/ Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéÃ. Å®·ûË, OöÀE ¢√úË-ô-°æ¤púø’ sentence con-struction ´÷®Ω’--ûª’çC. Ñ Öü∆-£æ«-®Ωù îª÷úøçúÕ.

She was ill, but/ yet she man-aged to smile = though/although/ even though she wasill, she managed to smile.Inspite of ûª®√yûª noun/ ...ingform é¬F ´Ææ’hçC. Inspite of herillness (noun)/ inspite of being(..ing form) she managed tosmile.

2. Hardly had the meeting started when sloganshouting begun. (Hardly ûÓ begin îËÊÆh sub-ject ´·çü¿’ had ´Ææ’hçC.)a) He had hardly left the theatre when it

started raining = Hardly had he left thetheatre when it started raining.

b) Supriya had hardly bought the bookwhen some one stole it = Hardly hadSupriya bought the book when some onestole it.

c) The sun had hardly risen when the birdsbegan to sing = Hardly had the sun risenwhen the birds began to sing.

d) He had hardly got his degree when hegot a good job = Hardly had he got hisdegree when he got a job.

3. Measures are needed to control the birth ofbabies (to check population growth.)

GoverGovernment Tnment To Open 3 Moro Open 3 More IITe IITs s

bg-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 29 -à-v°œ-™¸ 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2


Ritwik: The Civil Supplies Department toarrange the sale of cooking oil and red-gram through fair price shops.

(´çô †÷ØÁ, éπçC-°æ°æ¤p î¯éπ-üµ¿-®Ω© ü¿’é¬-ù«©ü∆y®√ Å´’t-é¬-EéÀ à®√pô’îËßª’-†’†o §˘®Ω-Ææ-®Ω-°∂æ-®√-©-¨»ê.)

Satwik: Who says that? (á -®Ωç-ô’-Ø√o-®ΩC?)Ritwik: It reads so here. That's according to a

media release by the Director, CivilSupplies.

(Å™« ÅE ÖçC-éπ\úø. §˘®Ω-Ææ-®Ω-°∂æ-®√© DirectorNúø’-ü¿© îËÆœ† O’úÕßª÷ °ævûªç v°æé¬®Ωç.)

Satwik: Perhaps it follows a spate of protestsand demonstrations by some sectionsof the people and the opposition partiesin the recent weeks.

(éÌEo ´®√_© v°æï©, N°æ-é~¬© E®Ω-Ææ-†©÷, v°æü¿-®Ωz-†© é¬®Ω-ùçí¬ é¬´îª’a.)

Ritwik: The price rice in the recent months hasbeen unprecedented. In a bid to controlprices the government might have takenthe decision.

(véÀûªç ØÁ©™x üµ¿®Ω© Â°®Ω’-í∫’-ü¿© Éçûª-èπ◊-´·ç-üÁ-†oúø÷ ™‰†çûª áèπ◊\-´í¬ ÖçC. üµ¿®Ω-©†’Eßª’ç-vAç-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊ v°æ¶µº’ûªyç Ñ E®Ωgßª’ç BÆæ’-èπ◊-†’ç-úÌîª’a.)unprecedented = Éçûªèπ◊´·çü¿’ ™‰E-N-üµ¿çí¬

Satwik: The minister in a media conferenceattributes theprice rise tointernationalprice situation.

(äéπ O’úÕßª÷Ææ´÷-¢Ë-¨¡ç™ ´’çvAüµ¿®Ω© Â°®Ω’-í∫’-ü¿-©èπ◊,Åçûª-®√b-Bßª’ üµ¿®Ω© °æJ-ÆœnA é¬®Ω-ùçí¬ûÁL-§ƒ®Ω’.)

Ritwik: That may be the government stand butthat isn't the whole reason for it. It's thefailure of the government to rein inprices.

(ÅC v°æ¶µº’ûªy ¢ÁjêJ é¬´îª’a, é¬F ÅC °æ‹Jh -é¬-®Ωùç ´÷vûªç é¬ü¿’. üµ¿®Ω©†’ Åü¿’°æ¤-îË-ßª’-úøç™ v°æ¶µº’ûªyç ¢Áj°∂æ-©u¢Ë’ ÅC.)

Satwik: Wait. I read some thing sensationalhere. 'A baba sacrifices a child anddrinks its blood'.

(Öçúø’. Ééπ\úÓ Ææçîª-©-†-¢√®Ωh éπE-°œ-≤ÚhçC.'Gúøf†’ •L*a ®Ωéπhç-û√-T† ¶«¶«—.)

Ritwik: That's really shocking. Just can't under-stand how people tolerate these fakeswamijis.

(ÅC î√™« Cví¬s¥ç-A-éπ®Ωç. v°æï©’ Ñ éπ°æ-ô-≤ƒy- ·©†’ á™« ¶µºJ-≤ƒh®Ó Å®Ωnç é¬ü¿’.)

Satwik: This is how it goes. 'A seven month oldbaby ...'

Ritwik: Stop it. I can't hear the details. Have the

police acted in the matter?

(Ç°æ¤. ØËØ√ N -®√-©†’ ¶µºJç-îª-™‰†’. Police

à´’Ø√o îª®Ωu BÆæ’-èπ◊-Ø√o®√?)

Satwik: They've taken him into custody for inter-

rogation.

(¢√∞¡x-ûª-úÕE Åü¿’-°æ¤-™éÀ BÆæ’-èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’ v°æPoç-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊)

Ritwik: Thank God, they've nabbed him. But it's

hundred to one he'll be punished soon.

(§ÚØËx ¢√∞¡x-ûª-úÕE arrest îË¨»®Ω’. Å®·ûË Åûª-úÕéÀ Péπ~-°æ-úøôç ´÷vûªç ûªy®Ωí¬ ï®Ω-í∫ü¿’)

Spoken English improve îËÆæ’-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ English

newspaper îªü¿-´úøç î√™« Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-éπ®Ωç. Åçü¿’™¶µ«≠æ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ- úøç ´·çü¿’í¬ é¬Ææh éπ≠ædç ÅE-°œç-îª-´îª’a v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº-èπ◊-©èπ◊. í∫ûª È®çúø’ lessons ™ English

newspaper Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç á™«íÓ éÌçûª ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç. ´’J-éÌEo N≠æ-ßª÷-L-°æ¤púø’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç.

Look at the following sentences from theconversation above.1) The Civil Supplies Department to arrange the

sale of cooking oil and red gram through fairprice shops = (Red gram = éπçC-°æ°æ¤p)

2) That's according to a media release by theDirector, Civil Supplies.

3) ... it follows a spate of protests and demon-strations by some sections of people and theopposition parties.

4) The price rise in recent months has beenunprecedented.

5) In a bid to control prices the Governmentmight have taken the measure.

6) The Government alleges that traders havebeen hoarding stocks.

1) The Civil Supplies Department to arrangethe sale of cooking oil and red gram = ´çô-†÷-ØÁ, éπçC-°æ°æ¤p Å´’t-é¬©’ à®√pô’ îËßª’-†’†o §˘®Ω-Ææ-®Ω-°∂æ-®√-©-¨»ê.Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ îª÷¨»ç, É™« to arrange ÅE infini-tive †’ headings ûÓ ûª®Ωîª÷ ¢√úø-û√-®ΩE.a) Government to take stern action against

hoarders - ÉC sentence é¬ü¿’. Infinitive ûÓÖ†o phrase ´÷vûª¢Ë’– News headlines ™ÉC ≤ƒüµ∆-®Ωùç–Å®Ωnç– Åvéπ´’E©y©’ îËÊÆ-¢√-JÂ°jBv´ îª®Ωu©’ BÆæ’-éÓ-†’†o v°æ¶µº’ûªyç.

b) CM to visit town today = †í∫-®√-EéÀ ®√†’†o CM.

2) That's according to a mediarelease by the Director, CivilSupplies.

Media (O’úÕßª÷) Åçõ‰ ¢√®√h v°æA-éπ©÷, Í®úÕßÁ÷, öÀ-.N. ´Èíj®√.-

Media- Plural of Medium. Ééπ\úøMedium Åçõ‰ Medium of Mass

Communication = î√™« ´’çCéÀ ¢√®Ωh-©†’ ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊ (communicate îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊) ¢√úË≤ƒüµ¿†ç- Newspaper, TV, Radio, etc. Print

Media = ¢√®√h °ævA-éπ©’. Electronic Media = TV,

Radio ™«çöÀN. Print Media †’ Press ÅEèπÿú≈ Åçö«®Ω’.Media release = ¢√®√h-≤ƒ-üµ¿-Ø√© (Print and elec-tronic media) ü∆y®√ v°æï-©èπ◊ N≠æ-ßª÷-©†’ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊, v°æ≤ƒ®Ωç éÓÆæç, á´-È®jØ√ media èπ◊Núø’-ü¿© îËÊÆ Ææ´÷-î√®Ω °ævûªç.Press Release = °ævAéπ©-éÀîËa Ææ´÷-î√®Ω °ævûªç.

A Govt of India media release= Media èπ◊ Núø’-ü¿© îËÆœ† ¶µ«®Ωûªv°æ¶µº’ûªy Ææ ÷-î√®Ω°ævûªç/ Ææ ÷-î√®Ωç.

Press/ Media release †’ Press/ Media hand

out ÅE èπÿú≈ Åçö«ç.

Media conference = O’úÕßª÷ reporters èπ◊Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç ÅçCç-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊ à®√pô’ îËÊÆ Ææ´÷-¢Ë¨¡ç.

The Govt will take all measures to check the

price rice, the minister told a media confer-

ence here on friday = üµ¿®Ω-©†’ Åü¿’-°æ¤™ ÖçîËîª®Ωu-©†’ BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ö«-´’E ´’çvA ¨¡Ÿvéπ-¢√®Ωç à®√pô’îËÆœ† O’úÕßª÷ (J§Ú-®Ωd®Ωx) Ææ´÷-¢Ë-¨¡ç™ îÁ§ƒp®Ω’.

Media briefing = O’úÕßª÷ ¢√JéÀ Ææ´÷-î√-®√EoN´-Jç-îªúøç.

Brief= N´-®Ωù/ N´-Jç-îªúøç/ Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç/ Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç ÅçCç-îªúøç.

The project director briefed the mediaabout the salient features of the pro-ject= Project ´·êu-¢Á’i† ©éπ~-ù«-©†’ pro-ject director O’úÕßª÷èπ◊ N´-Jç-î√®Ω’.salient= (ÂÆß’-L-Åçö¸)= ´·êu-¢Á’i†/í∫´’-Eç-îª-ü¿í∫_ features = ©éπ~-ù«©’3) A spate of protests and demon-

strations.

spate= ¢Á©’x´. protest= E®Ω-Ææ†/ úA-Í®-éπûª.demonstration= äéπ N≠æ-ßª÷-EéÀ ´’ü¿lûª’/ úA-Í®-éπûª ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊ í∫’ç°æ¤í¬ E®Ωy-£œ«çîË v°æü¿-®Ωz†.There were protests and demonstrationsagainst land take over by the Govt for SEZ =v°æûËuéπ ÇJnéπ ´’çúøL (SEZ) éÓÆæç v°æ¶µº’ûªyç ¶µº÷´·-©†’ ≤ƒyDµ†ç îËÆæ’-éÓ- -ú≈-EéÀ úA-Í®-éπçí¬ E®Ω-Ææ-†©’/v°æü¿-®Ωz-†©’ ïJ-í¬®·.´’† üË ¡ç™ É™«ç-öÀN– protests, demonstra-tions, hunger strikes (E®√-£æ…-®Ω-D-éπ~©’), relayfasts (ïô’x, ïô’xí¬ äéÓ\-®ÓV E®√-£æ…®Ω Déπ~©’),rally (ÜÍ®-Tç-°æ¤í¬ ï†ç ¢Á∞¡xúøç)– î√™« ≤ƒüµ∆-®Ω-ù¢Ë’éπü∆.

Newspaper ™ áèπ◊\-´í¬ ¢√úË ÉçéÓ °æü¿ç– fol-lowing = ü∆E ü¿J-N’™«/ ¢Áç•úÕ.Following the Minister's assurance, the peo-ple withdrew their agitation =

´’çvA £æ…O’ Éý-úøçûÓ/ É*a† ûª®√yûª v°æï©’ ûª´’ÇçüÓ-∞¡† (agitation) N®Ω-N’çîª’èπ◊Ø√o®Ω’.Following the rice in prices, the common manfinds life difficult =

üµ¿®Ω©’ Â°®Ω-í∫-úøçûÓ ≤ƒ´÷-†’u© @Nûªç éπ≠ædçí¬ÖçC.

4) Unprecedented = ´·†’-Â°-†o-úø’-™‰E.Unprecedented rain has hit the farmershard=

Éçûª-èπ◊-´·ç-üÁ-†oúø÷ ™‰E Bv´ ´®√©’ È®jûª’-©†’üÁ•s-B-¨»®·.

5) In a bid- ÉC English newspapers ™ ûª®Ωîª÷éπE-°œçîË °æü¿ç.

Bid= attempt= v°æßª’ûªoçThe Police foiled the bidof the demonstrators toforce their way into thesecretariat=

Ææ*-¢√-©-ßª’ç-™éÀ •©-´ç-ûªçí¬v°æ¢Ë-Pç-î√-©†o v°æü¿-®Ωz-èπ◊©

v°æßª’-û√oEo police ©’ N°∂æ©ç îË¨»®Ω’.

foil= äéπJ v°æßª’-û√oEo Åúø’f-éÓ-´úøç

In a bid to get the votes of the minorities the

Govt is showing special interest in their

welfare =

¢Á’iØ√-J-öÃ© ãô’x §ÒçüË v°æßª’-ûªoç™, v°æ¶µº’ûªyç ¢√JÆæçÍé~´’ç °æôx v°æûËuéπ v¨¡ü¿l¥ îª÷°æ¤-ûÓçC.

welfare = ÆæçÍé~´’ç

6) Allege = E®√-üµ∆-®Ω-¢Á’i† ¢√uêu©’/ Ç®Ó-°æ-ù©’îËßª’úøç. (Eïç-é¬-´îª’a é¬E Çüµ∆-®√©’ ™‰´¤)

allegation = Ç®Ó-°æù.

The dead woman's parents alleged that their

son-in-law killed their daughter =

Å©’xúË ûª´’ èπÿûª’Jo îªç§ƒ-úøE ´’%ûª’-®√LûªLxü¿çvúø’©’ Ç®Ó-°œ-Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’.

b) The Minister alleged that the opposition

was politicising everything =

v°æA N≠æ-ßª÷Fo v°æA-°æ-é~¬©’ ®√ï-éÃßª’ç îËÆæ’h-Ø√o-ßª’E´’çvA Ç®Ó-°œç-î√®Ω’.

M.SURESAN


Q. 1. Gandhiwould often saythat, he was anordinary man. ÉCí∫ûªç™ (past ™)ïJ-T† °æE-éπü∆?Ééπ\úø would¢√úøôç ü∆y®√

future Å´¤-ûª’çC éπü∆? Eñ«-EéÀ DEoGandhi used to say that, he wasan ordinary man ÅØ√L éπü∆?2. éÀç-C--¢√-öÀE ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ á™« îÁ§ƒpL?a) Í®°æ¤ ´÷èπ◊ †™«x ´Ææ’hçC.b) Í®°æ¤ ´÷èπ◊ †™«x ®√ü¿’.c) †™«x ´≤ÚhçC GçüÁ©ûÓ F∞¡Ÿx

°æô’d-éÓçúÕ.d) O’èπ◊ †™«x ®ÓW áEo í∫çô©’

´Ææ’hçC?e) †™«x F∞¡Ÿx °æöÀd Öçîª®√?

3. Sandals, flip-flops, mules, slip-pers Ñ foot wears ´’üµ¿u ûËú≈àN’öÀ? ´’†ç ûÌúÕÍí ™„ü¿®˝ îÁ°æ¤p-©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ à´’ç-ö«®Ω’?

4. îª§ƒ-B-©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ à´’ç-ö«®Ω’?5. Make food/ tea.. prepare food/

tea.. OöÀ™ àC éπÈ®èπ◊d?- Meer Mukarram Ali, Hyderabad

A. 1. Would, future from the past´÷vûª¢Ë’ é¬èπ◊çú≈, past habit, pastpractice †’ èπÿú≈ ûÁ©’-°æ¤--ûª’çC.Åçõ‰ í∫ûªç™ regular/ repeated í¬ïJ-T† °æEE ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊ èπÿú≈would (=used to) ¢√úøû√ç.

Gandhi would often say = Gandhioften used to say = í¬çDµ ÅØË-¢√®Ω’/îÁÊ°p-¢√®Ω’. Would = used to.

2. a) We get water tomorrow.

b) We don't get water tomorrow.

c) Water is coming. Collect/draw water in your bitcher(GçüÁèπ◊ ÆæJ-§ÚßË’ ´÷ô English™ ™‰ü¿’.)

d) For how many hours do youget water?

e) Don't you draw water andstore it?

3. Sandals- ´’†ç belt shoes ÅØËN.Mules- ´’úø ’ (heel) †’ coverîËßª’-èπ◊çú≈, §ƒü¿ç ´·çü¿’ ¶µ«í∫ç´÷vûªç cover îËÊÆ, ´·êuçí¬ Çúø-¢√∞¡Ÿx ¢√úË high heeled foot wear(Éçöx ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ¢√úËN).Flip-flops= ´’† Hawai slippers(Éçöx ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ¢√úËN).Slippers= ÉN-èπÿú≈ Éçöx ´÷vûª¢Ë’¢√úøû√®Ω’. §ƒü¿ç ´·çü¿’¶µ«í∫ç ´÷vûª¢Ë’´‚ÆœÖç*, Flat í¬ Öçö«®·.

Footwear = à ®Ωéπ-¢Á’i† îÁ°æ¤p-©-®·Ø√footwear. Â°j´Fo èπÿú≈ footwear(footwears ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’).footwear = §ƒü¿-®Ω-éπ~©’. Shoes/boots/ mules, etc.

í∫´’-Eéπ: Â°j´Fo èπÿú≈ westerncountries ™ØË ¢√úø-û√®Ω’, flip-flops/slippers ûª°æp. ´’†ç ¢√úË îÁ°æ¤p©’English ¢√∞¡Ÿx ¢√úø®Ω’. Åçü¿’-éπEEnglish ™ ¢√öÀéÀ ÆæJ-§ÚßË’ ´÷ô-™‰ü¿’. Chappal ÅØË £œ«çü¿’-≤ƒnE´÷ô†’ ´’†ç English ™ ¢√úøû√ç.ÉC English ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ Å®Ωnç é¬ü¿’.4. Chapathi ÅØË.5. Make/ prepare food/ tea- È®çúø÷

(make, prepare) éπÈ®Íéd. Å®·ûËprepare éÌçîÁç ví¬çC∑éπç. Makesimple - Make Å†-úøç better.

The price rise .. unprThe price rise .. unprecedentedecedented

í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 1 -¢Ë’ 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ Â£j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2


Q. 1. A police recruitwas asked duringexam, what wouldyou do if you had toarrest your own moth-er? He said 'call forback up'.

2. Do you know... whatdid the potato chipsay to the battery?well, guess... It said:If you are Eveready Iam Frito Lay.!

3. A girl phoned me the other day and said.Come on over, there's no body home, I wentover Nobody was home!

4. A baby monkey asks his father, Father whyare we so ugly? The father says to him don'tstress my son you should see the one who isreading this!We want to know the meaning of remarkablephrases underlined above and we will bethankful to you if you explain the wholemeaning of the joke fourth one.

- Rahaman, Kothapally

A. 1) Back up here means extra help or supportyou can get if necessary. Back up in com-puting means a copy of file you keep anduse if the original is lost. In this joke, itmeans that the candidate for the policejob means that he alone can't arrest hismother, he needs extra support. Thismeans his mother is too dangerous/ diffi-cult for him to deal with alone!

2) Eveready as you know is a famous brandof battery. Frito lay here, I think, is also thebrand name of some substance made ofglass and used for technical purposes.

3) The girl says, 'come on over, there'snobody home'. He went there expectingthe girl to be alone at home, but 'nobody'(including the girl) was at home! The girlfooled him.

4) Who is the one reading this joke? You, I orfor that matter, anyone who is reading thejoke. The father monkey means that thereader of the joke is ugly, and so the sonmonkey need not feel bad about beingugly.

Q. 1) Be seated ÅØËC passive voice éπü∆! ´’Já´-J-ûÓ-ØÁjØ√ Please be seated Å†oC Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-îªúøç ÆæÈ®j-†-üËØ√? N°æ-K-û√®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçü∆ûÁ©’-°æçúÕ.

2) 'áØÓo— Å†o ´÷ôèπ◊ old English v°æé¬®Ωç'Howmanyeth' Å†o °æü¿ç ÆæÈ®j-†-üËØ√?

– S. Kumar, Kurnool

A. 1) Å´¤†’. Be seated is the passive of"Please seat yourself." Å®·ûË please seatyourself ÅØËC §ƒçúÕûªuç (O’®√Æ‘-†’-©’-éπçúÕ Å†oô’x).Åçü¿’- ©x (please) be seated, (please) Å†-úøç ÆæÈ®j-†üË. ÅüË ÆæÈ®j-†C, ´’®√uü¿ simple í¬ îª÷Ê°C.

2) Howmanyeth ÅØËC old English é¬ØË-é¬ü¿’. Ñexpression, Gwynn ÅØË Englishman, English,ûÁ©’í∫’ È®çúø÷ ¶«í¬ ûÁL-Æœ† °æçúÕ-ûª’úø’ suggestîËÆœ† ´÷ô. Å®·ûË Ñ ´÷ô standard spokenEnglish é¬ü¿’. Standard dictionaries ™ áéπ\ú≈record é¬™‰ü¿’. ´’†ç Ñ ´÷ô ¢√úÕûË ´’ç*English ûÁL-Æœ† î√™«- ’ç-CéÀ Å®Ωl¥ç é¬ü¿’.

Q. 1. Being their faithfulservant, finallyNasreen cheatedthem.

2. Being she is very intel-ligent, she succeeded in dealing the situation.

3. Being it is one of the finest product of Wipro,it is today known to every consumer.

4. Being she was disgraceful in public by Ravi,she has decided not to talk to him nowonwards.

5. Been my watch damaged I returned it to theshop.

6. Been beaten by her teacher, Reshma hasbeen not interested going to school.

7. Been our companion for the past 6 months,she is not often coming to us, as she becamea famous anchor of TV programmes.

8. Mr.Sadiq is now improved been learningEnglish for the past 6 months.

Â°j ¢√é¬u™x ûª°æ¤p-©’çõ‰ ¢√öÀE ÆæJ-CCl, á™«®√ßª÷™ ûÁ©’-°æí∫-©®Ω’.

- Sravani, NandyalaA. 1) Being ÅØËC, continuous form of 'be'. 1)

Present continuous, past continuous tens-es †’ passive èπ◊ ´÷Í®aç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç.

a) The machine isbeing repaired (p.v.of present continu-ous)= Machinerepair îËßª’-•-úø’-ûÓçC–É°æ¤úø’.

b) The terrorist wasbeing questioned bythe police (Terroristpolice ©îË v°æPoç-°æ-•-úø’ûª÷ ÖØ√oúø’– í∫ûªç™ äéπÆæ´’-ßª’ç™) - passive of past continuous.

2) Being †’ Å™« Öçúøôç ´©x/ Ç é¬®Ω-ùçí¬ ÅØËÅ®Ωnç™ ¢√úøû√ç.

Being intelligent, she dealt with him cleverly =

ûÁL-¢Ájç-Cí¬ Öçúø-ôçûÓ/ ûÁL-¢Ájç-ü¿-´úøç ´©x, Åûª-úÕûÓûÁL-Ní¬ ØÁí∫’_-éÌ-*açC.

Being rich, he can easily buy a car = üµ¿†-´ç-ûª’-úÕí¬ Öçúø-ôç- ©x Åûªúø’ Ææ’©-¶µºçí¬ car éÌ†-í∫-©úø’.

Íé´©ç been ¢√úøç. Having been ¢√úøû√ç. Å®Ωnç:í∫ûªç™ Å™« Öçúø-ôçûÓ.

a) Having been a man of peace, Gandhinever got angry= Gandhi ¨»çA-é¬-´·-èπ◊-úø’í¬Öçúø-ôçûÓ (í∫ûªç™ éπü∆?) Çßª’-ØÁ-°æ¤púø÷ éÓ°æp-úË-¢√-úø’-é¬ü¿’.

Having been + pp éÀ Å®Ωnç: Å™« îËßª’-•-úø-ôç-ûÓ –passive Å´¤-ûª’çC. Having been cheated once, he was carefulthe second time= äéπ-≤ƒJ ¢Á÷Ææ-Tç-°æ-•-úø-ôçûÓ(´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’– äéπ-≤ƒJ ¢Á÷Ææ-§Ú-´-úøçûÓ),È®çúÓ≤ƒJ Åûªúø’ ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ ÖØ√oúø’.1) Being their faithful servant, Nasreen finally

cheated them = ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ N¨»y-Ææ-§ƒ-vûª’-®√-™„j† ÊÆ´-èπ◊-®√-©’í¬ Öçô÷ *´-®Ωèπ◊ ¢√∞¡xØË ¢Á÷Ææç îËÆœçC.

2) Being she is very intelligent she succeededin dealing with the situation- Being É™«¢√úøç. Being ûÓ Ö†o group of words ™verb (Â°j sentence ™, being she is -being,is -É™« ®√´¤). Ñ sentence correct form:

Being intelligent she succeeded ... OR She,being intelligent, succeeded in .. Åçö«ç. (BeingÖ†o word groups ™ is ™‰EC í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ)

O’ sentences (2), (3),

(4), (5) ©™ ÉüË mis-

take ÖçC. ¢√öÀE É™«Ææ´-Jç-îªçúÕ.

3) Being one of the finest products of wipro(wipro Öûªh´’ ûªßª÷-K™x ÅC äéπ-ô-´úøç ´©x–Being it is having it is today known to all cus-tomers. (Åçü¿®Ω’ ë«û√-ü∆®Ωxèπÿ ÅC ûÁ©’Ææ’)

4) Being disgraced (disgraceful é¬ü¿’) in publicby Ravi, she has decided not ... (®ΩN îËûª •£œ«-®Ωç-í∫çí¬ Å´-´÷-Eç-îª-•-úøôç´©x/ ûÓ ...)

5) Been my watch - Been É™« ¢√úøç. Beená°æ¤púø÷ having ûÓ ´Ææ’hçC É™«çöÀ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x:My watch having been damaged (Ø√ watchüÁ•sA†-úøçûÓ) damage îËßª’-•-úø-ôçûÓ), Ireturned it to the shop (ü∆Eo ØË†’ shop ™ AJ-T-îËa-¨»†’) Ééπ\úÕ*a†ô’x ®√ÊÆh, ÉC past ØË ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’çC.

6) Having been beaten by her teacher, Reshmahas not been ...

7) Having been our companion for the past 6months, she often comes to us, though shehas become a famous ...

8) Mr Sadiq has been trying to improve hisEnglish for the past 6 months.

Being she is verBeing she is ver y intelligent ..y intelligent ..

M.SURESAN


Q. I was tired of walking.

I wanted to take rest.

Ñ ¢√é¬u-©†’ 1. By using a participle

2. By using an absolute phrase3. By using an infinitive4. By using a preposition with a noun

or gerund5. By using a noun or phrase in

apposition6. By using an adverb or adverb

phrase7. By using both and not only but

also, as well as8. By using for and so9. By using a noun clause

10. By using an adjective clause

11. By using an adverb clause ©†’Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç* ûÁ©’-°æçúÕ. OöÀéÀ ûÁ©’í∫’Å†’-¢√ü¿ ¢√é¬u©’, Â°j ¢√é¬u©’ ûªßª÷-®Ω’-îË-ßª’-ú≈-EéÀ Ææ÷îª-†©’ ûÁ©’-°æçúÕ.

- Seshanna, AdonyA. O’®Ω’ îÁ§ƒp-©-†’-èπ◊-†oC direct í¬ sim-

ple í¬– I was tired of walking, so Iwanted to take rest ÅE îÁ°æp-í∫-L-T†°æ¤púø’ O’®Ω-úÕ-T†Eo Nüµ∆-©’í¬, con-fuse îËÊÆ grammatical terms ¢√úÕîÁ§ƒp-©-†’-éÓ-´úøç Å´-Ææ-®Ω´÷? ÉNspoken English lessons éπü∆.´’†ç îÁ°æp-ü¿-©-îª’-èπ◊-†oC, simple í¬direct í¬ îÁ§ƒp-©-†’-éÓ-¢√-™‰-í¬F,

grammar for the sake of grammarüµÓ®Ω-ùÀ™ ã grammatical exerciseîËÆœ-†ç-ü¿’-´©x ´îËa ™«¶µº-¢Ë’-N’öÀ?Å™«çöÀ îª®Ωa´©x confusion ûª°æpÉçÍéç Öçúøü¿’. Å®·Ø√ O’èπ◊ é¬¢√-©-†’-èπ◊çõ‰ Ñ éÀçü¿ Éî√aç îª÷úøçúÕ. ´’†çEnglish ¶«í¬ ´÷ö«x-úø-í∫-L-T-†-°æ¤púø’ à¶µ«¢√Eo á™«çöÀ sentence ™, àparts of speech ¢√úÕ ûÁ©-§ƒ-©ØËC´’†èπ◊ ü∆†çûªôüË ûªúø’-ûª’çC.

1) Tired of walking, I wanted to takerest (Tired of walking - Tired - P.P)

2. Being tired (of walking)/ The walkingtiring me, I wanted ... (Abs. phrase:Being tired the walking tiring me)

3) Too tired to walk, I (to walk- infinitive)

4) O’®Ω’ É*a† sentence ™ of - prep,walking - gerund éπü∆?

5) I, the walker, (walker, in appositionto I) being tired of walking ...

6) Being too tired of walking I wantedto take rest. (Being too tired -adverb phrase)

7) I was both tired and desired/ want-ed rest I was not only tired, but also want-ed to take rest.

8) I wanted take rest, for I was tiredI was tired so I wanted to take rest.

9) That I was tired made me want totake rest (NC)

10) I who was tired of walking wantedto take rest. (Adj cl)

11) As I was too tired, I wanted to takerest (Adv cl)

É™« NNüµ¿ ®Ωé¬© sentences äÍé ¶µ«¢√-Eo-îËaN ûªßª÷-®Ω’-îË-ÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ O’®Ω’ parts of

speech, phrase, different kinds of

phrases, clause and different kinds

of clauses í∫’Jç* èπ~◊ùoçí¬ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√L. ¢Ë’ç Ééπ\úø ÉîËa lessons Íé´©çSpoken English O’ü¿ é¬•öÀd, OöÀEí∫’Jç* N´-Jç-îª™‰ç. à standard gram-

mar book Å®·Ø√ ¶«í¬ study îËßª’çúÕ,O’èπ◊ ûÁ©’-Ææ’hçC.

Q. 1. éÀçC-¢√-öÀ™ àC ÆæÈ®j† ¢√éπuç–His last drawn full pay was Rs.5000

His last drawn full pay is Rs.5000

2. éÀçC ¢√éπuç™ past perfect tense Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-îªúøç éπÈ®-ÍédØ√?

Eg: We are from 'so and so' association. Wehad applied for permission to use the func-tion hall. May I know whether we have thepermission?

- J. Govardhana Rao, Vijayawada.

A. 1) His last drawn pay was Rs.5000/- is correct, because itrefers to a pay drawn in thepast, and as he no more drawsthe pay.

2) In the example, we had appliedis unacceptable. Since it is apast action the time of which isn'tstated, it should be, 'We haveapplied'.

Q. 1) Some words in Englishare (Å) sound, some are(ã) sound. How to recog-nise their sound?

2) A person holds M.A.,M.Phil, Ph.D. etc, Ééπ\úøholds Å†-èπ◊çú≈ studiedÅ†´î√a?

- G.Shankar, Keshavapatnam

A. 1) Pronunciation í∫’-Jç-* ûªy®Ω™-N-´-J≤ƒhç.

2) A person holds M.A.,

M.Phil., Ph.D., and PGCTE

- Ééπ\úø holds Åçõ‰ degrees,

properties ™«çöÀN éπLTÖçúøôç. Degree í∫ûªç™á°æ¤púÓ ûÁîª’a-èπ◊E Öçúø-´îª’a.é¬F Ç degree ´’†-Èé-°æ¤púø÷

Öçô’çC. (We continue to hold

it.) So holds here is correct.

Using past tense here is wrong.

He holds the post of VC (Now)

He hold the post of VC (in the

past)

Degrees are things, which

once we get, we continue to

have. So holds is correct.

eenadu prathiba (1)

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