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1Cloud Computing for Green IT© 2009 Soo Dong Kim
김 수 동컴퓨터학부, 교수
Software and Services Engineering Laboratory (SSEL)Mobile Service Software Engineering Center (MSSEC)
숭 실 대 학 교[email protected]
http://soft.ssu.ac.kr http://mssec.ssu.ac.kr
Nov. 2009
녹색경영체계 구축을 위한클라우드 컴퓨팅
Cloud Computing for Realizing Green IT
2Cloud Computing for Green IT© 2009 Soo Dong Kim
Table of Contents
Part Content Page #
1그린 컴퓨팅 개요
Overview of Green Computing3
2클라우드 컴퓨팅 개요
Overview of Cloud Computing11
3클라우드 서비스을 이용한, 그린 IT 구현 전략
Implementing Green IT using Cloud Services20
4맺 는 말
Concluding Remarks38
3Cloud Computing for Green IT© 2009 Soo Dong Kim
3
Part 1
그린 컴퓨팅 개요Overview of Green Computing
4Cloud Computing for Green IT© 2009 Soo Dong Kim
Green Computing
Generally referred to Power Consumption
Introduced right after Energy Stars program began.
Definition [Wikipedia]
The study and practice of designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing of computers, servers, and associated subsystems efficiently and effectively with minimal or no impact on the environment.
5Cloud Computing for Green IT© 2009 Soo Dong Kim
Three Criteria for Green Computing
Computing systems or products with green computing principles should consider;
Economic Viability
Social Responsibility
Environmental Impact
6Cloud Computing for Green IT© 2009 Soo Dong Kim
An Observation on PC Usage (1) Energy Use of PCs CPU uses 120 Watts
CRT uses 150 Watts 8 hours of usage, 5 days a week = 562 Kwatts For a large institution, the power bill for just computers can
come to millions $ per year.
Energy use comes from Electrical current to run the CPU, motherboard,
memory Fans and spinning the disksMonitor, printers
7Cloud Computing for Green IT© 2009 Soo Dong Kim
An Observation on PC Usage (2)
Reducing Energy Consumption
Turn off the computer or monitor when not in use.
Use power saver mode
Use hardware/software with Energy Star label “seal of approval” by the Energy Star organization of the
government (the EPA)
Others
8Cloud Computing for Green IT© 2009 Soo Dong Kim
Approaches to Green Computing (1)
Algorithmic Efficiency
The efficiency of algorithms used in systems determine the demand for computing power.
Virtualization
Several distributed physical systems are combined into one single system, which is shared.
9Cloud Computing for Green IT© 2009 Soo Dong Kim
Approaches to Green Computing (2) Power ManagementAdvanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI),
an open industry standard, allows operating systems to directly control the power saving aspects.
Sleep mode
Energy saving Devices Solid State storage, LCD monitor with cold-cathode
fluorescent bulb or LEDs
Telecommuting Teleconference, VoIP (Voice Over Internet Protocol)
Recycling
10Cloud Computing for Green IT© 2009 Soo Dong Kim
Green IT 2.0
March 2009, Forrester Research, Inc., “Mapping IT’s Green Opportunities”
Enabled by CC
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Part 2
클라우드 컴퓨팅 개요Overview of Cloud Computing
12Cloud Computing for Green IT© 2009 Soo Dong Kim
Definition of Cloud Computing
How to get the name, ‘Cloud’?
A metaphor for the Internet
An abstraction for the complex infrastructure
Be seen anywhere by anyone
Definition
Accessing computing resources and services hosted by providers, via the Internet, and paying for the amount used like utilities
13Cloud Computing for Green IT© 2009 Soo Dong Kim
Types of Cloud Services (1)
Software-as-a-service (SaaS)
Components-as-a-service (CaaS)
Platform-as-a-service (PaaS)
Infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS)
© Forrester Research 2008
14Cloud Computing for Green IT© 2009 Soo Dong Kim
Types of Cloud Services (2)
SaaS CaaS PaaS IaaS
Resource Type SW SW SW HW
Granularity of Service Whole Part Whole Whole
Software on Client* BrowserClient
ProgramBrowser Browser
LayersApplication
LayerApplication
LayerMiddleware
LayerPhysical
Layer
* Alternatively, a service subscription platform may be used.
15Cloud Computing for Green IT© 2009 Soo Dong Kim
Underlying Technologies Grid ComputingDistributed computing whereby a 'super and virtual
computer' is composed of a cluster of networked, loosely coupled computers, collaborating in concert to perform very large tasks
Utility ComputingA packaging of computing available resources, such
as computation and storage, as a metered service similar to a traditional public utility such as electricity
Autonomic Computing Computer systems capable of self-management
16Cloud Computing for Green IT© 2009 Soo Dong Kim
Internet
Deployment View of CC
WebBrowser
ServicePlatform
S
P
I
C
SS
C C
P
PI
I
ConsumerDataset
ConsumerDataset
ConsumerDataset
SystemDataset
SystemDataset
17Cloud Computing for Green IT© 2009 Soo Dong Kim
Internet
Underlying Technologies in CC
WebBrowser
ServicePlatform
S
P
I
C
SS
C C
P
PI
I
ConsumerDataset
ConsumerDataset
ConsumerDataset
SystemDataset
SystemDataset
UtilityPlugs
Grid ofServices
AutonomousManagement
18Cloud Computing for Green IT© 2009 Soo Dong Kim
Architecture for Mash-up Services
ESB-based
Enterprise Service Bus (ESB)
ConsumerDataset
C
C CUDDIServiceRegistry
SystemDataset
BPELEngine
ClientApplication C
C C
SystemDataset
OtherServiceComponent
BusinessProcess/Composition
19Cloud Computing for Green IT© 2009 Soo Dong Kim
Characteristics of Cloud Services
From Definition [Forrester Research 2008, Wikipedia 2009]
IT-based Capability
Accessible via Internet
Always available and scales
Pay-per-use or Advertising-based
Web- or programmatic interfaces
Customer self-service
20Cloud Computing for Green IT© 2009 Soo Dong Kim
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Part 3
클라우드 서비스 기반, 그린 IT전략Implementing Green IT with Cloud Services
21Cloud Computing for Green IT© 2009 Soo Dong Kim
Why CC for Green? (1)
Some Mega-Trends
Availability of Wireless and Mobile Internet
Smart Phones
Mobile Devices (MID, PMP)
22Cloud Computing for Green IT© 2009 Soo Dong Kim
Why CC for Green? (2)
Mobile Devices
Limited computing power and resources
But, flexible wireless internet access
Thin-Client
Carries web browser and light software.
Fat Server
Provides software functionality.
Manages system and datasets.
23Cloud Computing for Green IT© 2009 Soo Dong Kim
Why CC for Green? (3)
Key Benefits
Internet
S
S
S ConsumerDataset
SystemDataset
Reduced Demandson Mobile Devices
No cost to purchase/Pay only for Usage.
No maintenance/updates
Services sharedby Consumers
One maintenancedoes it all.
OVERALL savings inhardware, software, cost, and efforts
24Cloud Computing for Green IT© 2009 Soo Dong Kim
Strategy 1. Adopt CC Architecture
Different from conventional system architecture
Internet
WebBrowser
S
SS
ConsumerDataset
SystemDataset
Virtualization Handler
SessionManager
Control Layer(Running BPs)
ModelLayer
DataLayer
25Cloud Computing for Green IT© 2009 Soo Dong Kim
Strategy 1. Adopt CC Architecture MVC layers reside on server side. View Layer contains Virtualization Handler and Session Manager.
Virtualization Manager Provides virtual access points for services which might run on
different nodes. Multi-cloud configurations
Session Manager Manages and separates sessions of multi-tenants.
Conventional Approaches Control Layer, Model Layer, Data Layer
Risks / Issues Potential Congestion on Access Points on Provider’ side Control layer may simply have wrappers which conceal legacy
applications.
26Cloud Computing for Green IT© 2009 Soo Dong Kim
Strategy 2. Modeling Commonality
Reusability of CC
Services are to be reused by a large number of consumers.
Services with low reusability would lose the justification for investment.
Capturing Commonality into Services
CC provides software functionality and feature which are common, and so reused by potentially many service consumers.
Services with high commonality would yield high profits/return on the investment (ROI).
27Cloud Computing for Green IT© 2009 Soo Dong Kim
GreenS Methodology (1)Phase 100. 비즈니스 프로세스 분석 (Analyzing Business Processes)
서비스 요구사항 정의Defining Service Requirements
110 비즈니스 프로세스 정의Defining Business Processes
120
Phase 200. 서비스 분석 (Analyzing Services)
공통성 분석Analyzing Commonality
210 서비스 식별Identifying Services
220 가변성 분석Analyzing Variability
230
Phase 300. 서비스 설계 (Designing Services)
서비스 인터페이스 설계Designing Service Interfaces
310 서비스 컴포넌트 설계Designing Service Components
320 서비스 어댑터 설계Designing Service Adapters
330
Phase 400. 서비스 구현 (Implementing Services)
단일 서비스 구현Implementing Atomic Services
410 복합 서비스 구현Implementing Composite Services
420 서비스 어댑터 구현Implementing Service Adapters
430
Phase 500. 서비스 운영 (Operating Services)
서비스 배포Deploying Services
510 서비스 등록Registering Services
520
28Cloud Computing for Green IT© 2009 Soo Dong Kim
GreenS Methodology (2)
서비스 요구사항 정의Defining Service Requirements
110 비즈니스 프로세스 정의Defining Business Processes
120
공통성 분석Analyzing Commonality
210 서비스 식별Identifying Services
220 가변성 분석Analyzing Variability
230
서비스 인터페이스 설계Designing Service Interfaces
310 서비스 컴포넌트 설계Designing Service Components
320 서비스 어댑터 설계Designing Service Adapters
330
단일 서비스 구현Implementing Atomic Services
410 복합 서비스 구현Implementing Composite Services
420 서비스 어댑터 구현Implementing Service Adapters
430
서비스 배포Deploying Services
510 서비스 등록Registering Services
520
Commonality
Analysis Model
Raw Information
to Requirement
Service
Requirement
Specification (SRS)
Business Process
Specification (BPS)
(Preliminary)
Service
Specification
(Refined)
Service
Specification
Service Interface
Specification
Service
Component
Design
Service Adapter
Design
Atomic Service
Components
Composite Service
Components
Service Adapter
Components
Deployed
Components
Registered
Services
29Cloud Computing for Green IT© 2009 Soo Dong Kim
Strategy 3. Provide High QoS (1) Service-Level Agreement (SLA)A negotiated agreement between service customer
and service provider
SLA specifies a common understanding about services, priorities, responsibilities, guarantees, and warranties.
Often, SLA includes agreements on quality levels.
Quality of Service (QoS)Measured Values of Quality Attributes
Services should meet QoS values specified in SLA.
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Strategy 3. Provide High QoS (2)
Essential Quality Attributes for CC
Reusability
Scalability
Availability
Others…
Quality Model
for Cloud Services
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Ensuring Scalability (1)
Why need high Scalability?
The amount of service requests from consumers is unpredictable, dynamic.
Hence, services should be highly scalable even in the situation that an extremely high number of service invocations and so their associated resource requests are requested.
Services with low scalability would suffer at the time of peak requests and so lose their reputations by consumers.
32Cloud Computing for Green IT© 2009 Soo Dong Kim
Ensuring Scalability (2)
Scalability
Refers to an ability of service to either handle growing amounts of work in a graceful manner or to be readily enlarged.
Terms used
Service Load Amount of Service Requests/Invocations
For ‘Performance’ in QoS, Pideal : The performance level which is ideal.
Ptolerable : The minimum level of performance which can be accepted
33Cloud Computing for Green IT© 2009 Soo Dong Kim
Ensuring Scalability (3)
How to extend/maximize Rangeacceptable?
Quality of Service(such as Performance)
Service Load(amount of service invocations)
pideal
ptolerable
Ideal Performance
Actual Performance
Tolerable GapIntolerable Gap
RANGEacceptable RANGEunacceptable
34Cloud Computing for Green IT© 2009 Soo Dong Kim
Strategy 4. Autonomic Management (1)
Autonomic Computing
A paradigm is a paradigm to develop computer systems capable of self-management
Self-Healing
Self-Protecting
Self-Optimizing
Self-Configuring
35Cloud Computing for Green IT© 2009 Soo Dong Kim
Strategy 4. Autonomic Management (2)
Key Elements in SCA
Symptom
Cause
Actuator
heals
results_in
Identify Cause
Identify Actuator
36Cloud Computing for Green IT© 2009 Soo Dong Kim
Strategy 4. Autonomic Management (3)
SCA Model
SCA
Profile
System
Description
DetermineCauses
PlanActuation
DetectSymptoms
InvokeActuators
Learn
Target SystemTarget System Target System
S
SS C
C C
PP
P
37Cloud Computing for Green IT© 2009 Soo Dong Kim
Risks of CC
Due to Differences
Shift from Software Functionality to Business Process modeling
Services rather than Objects/Functions
Not on my desktop, but on virtualized environment
Predicting the Requirements
More than one client organization
Identifying/Projecting unknown requirements
Ensuring high QoS
Challenging-in-the-large
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Part 4
맺 는 말Concluding Remarks
39Cloud Computing for Green IT© 2009 Soo Dong Kim
Summary Demand on Green Computing/IT
Mobile Internet Device (MID) – based ComputingAndroid phones are designed to provide software
functionality, beyond Voice Communication.
Cloud ComputingAn effective solution to many of the Green
approaches
Strategies to apply CC for Green IT
Risks in CC
40Cloud Computing for Green IT© 2009 Soo Dong Kim
Mobile Service Software Engineering Center
Soongsil [email protected]://mssec.ssu.ac.kr
감사 합니다