6f * J: t. F$a{b .! , (7Jl, ,*. JP*r{b '4 :'1 < )

Pb

[CAS N0. 7439-92-1]

40/tg/lOOml

nn. i ; ; i!a ag ! j @> *. :U

nn. ; : . 7. 1~;t JP7 4 200 g/lOOml i nn. * :

t= 1 :80/tg/lOOmlim. ; t

nn. ; ; !B gB 4 i 0> . *tcL (* j ag

Er 1 6'i 1;Al! t)

jj . 5*Jb '7 / P7' 5 mg/l

U >, ;:

.nn. ; :ra$ ;E E

U>

1994( H . B );tF-

@i;@),E J, j;:h 11 , 3Stl t3; (BEl) != lt, 1*1{i:!t !: L t @>itL

jj!jrp$;} (PbB) : /::1:;h:. rli6f} (PbU) @>! ;:b*i=, jj}!= J:

o t 3 1 ;tg, :. *L -6,{i;:*n@>Ei;, 9j!j! g!!@) ,. < '>;b. ,bfm L. i!,*Lt t \ . . ,. 'j';g:' b *>, $j;!d: !-!t" !.\A @>, 1;, '!,: :' \ .

< '?*.@)R\ ;8tl t;'1 !Ft' 6. .:. *L 15 @) 5 t;,, S;-%g, ':9:

{bt: Lt, 1 ) '5" i!, 7 / P7' U >,;tli *B\ ;

(ALAD) @)1 ;!;1= J: o ti:gC .5, ALAD i , 1 @)i T ilL

t, f4, '\@)' '/,. f' 7 , / L. ,7' U >E!: (ALA) @>:* *j'j*s J: ue

iit. *, 5"J\,:9 7 / v7'1! ;., jg:. (ALAU) t;1: , d)tjjiin, 2). 7'0 ;t:)L 7 4 U >'1!t. 7kg\;j:@>1!B. ! \!= J:. , lj;rj" = 70 ;j

ii, 7 4 1) > (CPU) @)t!1:f iii*n, 3) ,\A i. it \;1$ ($!;.y.

v --lz') @)1 g!$iz J: ,"iLjj;: (; ;. im. f! ) 4, @)7. } ;1:iL-

7 4 ') 7 1X (EP) @) i *it, *:!:***j lfi *L. ,._L;i!@)t1 13!@> 5 *;,, >1Rg !: Ut PbB i,

Lt EP :i;g , .. , . !::b, j\> ,*'Lt\..6,. : t:, EP !=

ALAD iiE. 1, :;: t*4F !=;< ? 1) - = ? ?" ' >:. } @);9!;* 1= 1t;

*' - , tl 1 !ti6 .", 1!: . t L . .6,. F 4 ,yei$:iliit 9!!. :. (DFG)

t* PbB !: ALAU !?j !,'t, $i}1! ?gi=/::\*g-.::41;!!*jej*";j

a * {i@; (BAT) !.! . . t ,..:,.

b*tl jtjt r$;rt, il 'f. 1 *!t!lljJ @)"C?i: !. J: 0 , . @>*".ftl!C: :"b 6,*!!n$; :j 1= !t, '1imi :t,@)$j;@){t@)j !"J, rj

,t'@>5"/P 7 / L'7" ) :' @>!t@)j !3!fJ *3 J: U', 11;$iF

:bf .;ig !: j;aab . , *j. i=o L. e r;jj;mLi:j:rt, @)7'0 } ;t:)L- 7 4

U :,@)iit@>1 ,;:J 'i7' 5 = !:7b**R. : . tL, f!EM$3 Wii

*1{f!;{!F@)Bli 1. , _L. 6t;tl:1!=0 L*ti$i. iji 1 2 *s J: t)2 3!=;3;:! -5, ;:mi:'?i:\>t ,.. 6. L7::*t, t, }>*'1 gt!*

C. *L 1 @) 3 J jB l=OV. t;m?j: j'L. , jgj : **. ;ly. .@)j

@>tl le; i '1'L '*L BEl !: L t i : :t*;t, 1) , \j! t35 - b' iftl:iE tL. 6t;

., b*,!*; '\.. . C t' . 1 , $8@>!E! *

" j, ;j :@)j; gS != :! /:: , t !d:L d@> 3 , 3i13 @) Z, . . $ @>

BEl E LtJli! 1) _L. lf;t:.

L, mL;i;trt. *;}i t!5 (PbB)

!j ! R Ef,: 1 @>; tf

ij: fjFa ;tR

D PbB l*r',\j@ :! @)jj lg;!: Lt, t, b ,, 1 -! :

ts J: OS!it-1;t. i ;1;U{ i= *s !* 6 1 :@)tl t$; !: L t, {i t, -il!:it;i

!=fii, . ,, *Lt t:' ,* 6. e. a)J -, : ;*!:0>j, f:; *. i;, PbB

7b*60#g/lOOml J;!T'C'ld:, '\A i'1, ;!.;9- ,, tL6, J: 5 ,::'!E

{btj*, , ': :{1:!d:j6:1 S tL - !: L t {,, E;;!j

{i ::L!ti@) :'*'7:';t:A: 1 f'Lt fy. ,. *R '1. J; o t ifj '@)

l:Bl;U i=1 ii *t;t> 1) , r=0 . 9 !: -5, {i @) *. i:,, *Bj!g i*jj v* &:

r- . , {; @)**i* 6,. :f i::**lt;';' . , *!:f ti !: ..6, 7bt PbA0 . 2

mg/m'!=i::\. Ut PbB 'Fi$J70"g/lOOm1 (48~92/, g/lOO

ml), PbA0.15mg/m'1. /::\* L C PbB70#g/lOOnt1 ;!5 6,

,, t*, j:i*j60/, g/lOOm1 (38~82/, g/lOOml) !: *~6, {, d>,

PbAO. lmg/m'1= i::v. L t PbB60#g/lOOml *, ,,. 1*'F

t$i40#g/lOOg, ti i i60/, g/lOOg !: F' 6 , @> ti: t:', b**R{ . y;*Lt ,* ,. C *L ,' . lljj Lt, { E@>;j*!f;:i 1;Etit5 .6, 0. 15

mg/m* (1961fF+; 2;$) itlin. iit:$ 60/, g/lOOg !=*, 11 "6{ *: Ut, ~ = L. ;:5 < , *s*s J: . 0.1mg/m'0)! . 5 ,b*-g ;!, t;'

;t> 6 !: *8' . ,, tL- !: it:'$f;i !!E;bt it!if *Lt: BEI J;!T!:: !:

!: :i 6J;!;, . 1= tt, TLV. TWA . ita . t L*;5:. \. t;;5 .;5 5

E: '; . 1;, *L, 1;,!=E !i ; : ' \i L ~ 61 !t 'L* !: ,19.

t>*L- . L** L, 41;{1:!\:h{it5 ;: 0:+111*:y4El!E: *" :{1:id:

;$ tL , ,5. {} %utt. ti:. v* :* i::, c. @) BEl i;*!lfi!l .+t5)'1=

- :-, ij= g: .6 r@j}, s J:

l

!d:f i!t L . .\*t., 5 > ;i !: :, TLV != BE1@>7, v ? L, . v F @> = >

,*=.=j- > k .t- =. / > } e. ;j, .f, r4ftj . i, ,ij ,,,,,,,, ,,.,,, , , ,,

!=i*, PbB 20"g/dl : t:!t. = @){ J;!~Fl= j'"! 4~A: t'> .6, ;: @) j:j **35 ,-

4) ?Kl 1; 'jfj' ; i 41=ii'(OSHA)'itd; ; itrrM . i .

t{ : ' .$811 , S:i= J:. 64 ! : ie ! P, b. i i f i ~ 6 t:b i=

13:, PbB L-,,~1 . 1=*t

L'C4E}jdjg!ti \@>\j! :.* . t ,/,!*, j* < ' t:

&b !. 1*, PbB . 30#g/lOOg J;!T!= lEi; ~,< t *i 6 !:

Lt L* .6,.5) >1

l 't' ,'li '*lt, b) PbB> 50/g/lOOml tl :t r;'0)!;i:!t:,*?

j@jj:R 7b* .!g !: L t L * 6 . : /;:, $j;ll :,$j. it: L* t'. , R ! j6;t: Lt, a) 70/g/lOOml, b) 70~80#g/lOOmlt"!,:, - i 1= i lin L t {1=*b!; tit! *; . il! , .,::!,'f'L! *: i . \ . !:Lt, . ,.

7) WHO'ia) x 5'* 4 /Ju - 7 1*, PbB **40

~49#g/lOOml @)ij 1!B != :s ** t, ; :iin. ts J: U:31 1;, *L 6 : U t \. . . C;d health-based @>{1: J!;j*iityll;!,jR:1 !{ }: L 'C

9t, j ;S J: Li";t!fl=;tnJ;!f @>!c'1 1= i:: \* L t 40/, g/lOOml,

!1=,t!filfr , F @):!c' != /::\* L 'C 1* 30#g/lOOml ! if;i' L

t\. ,.

8) t>*tl 1@>$t} 1!1$

PbB@)6i. ii1, :, 6i. ii 1 20J;!~F, 6i. {fi2 20itB401;!T,

-5i' ii3 40it6 (!t!{3: * /, g/lOOml) &: Lt\* . ,9) 1;!L@>;;nJ{,*, ,,, PbB . tl tR

;t: L/::t!}i .@)$ @)4E

!j ;, jt j, :j !;E!*40~60/, g/lOOml @)t 1 1!. i6 . , !:: ' t.

t g: ,. t ;!5 -i, 5 . ACGIH @) TLV-TWA0.15mg/m, ,

BE150#g/lOOml, : t:, j?, b*1 ;j@) !Z jj@> '(, j, $ 1=t:,,*

6 jf! {iti O. lmg/m'!=!R;$t.'1!E : '1 j'. ' t:, ,Eq4, *

j !t: 50#g/lOOml ; t:1, C @)j J;!T!=35 6< t'i!>.6 !:

: . 6,. ; i i=, _L. id:@) EC, WH0, *, 75, !i;1@)$ 1 ! ,*

!j *E ; *i. *s !* : . i@> 2!:{ ,*: !:' * j ~ , }:, 40-

60#g/lOOml @)i 1!B@> 5 *>, ti;:il,m@> 40}, g/lOOml t:.$

@)4j !! , *\i +! sfiit!: L, t i{!;*" .i, c !: 1;*-ij; ; , ** ,

.!, !: : ' . , .

2. ifu. i4tr1.7'. \ ;;' (FEP) !: L t i"1:;i: tL, .=. f'L i;, *t PbBpA:)u, !: J: < 1!qi!!! ~ .6,.=. !: ;b',t; k@>13f3:i i. J: , t ZP , *L

t \ . -Z, .

D ACGIH'll : ZPP @) BE1 .;! :;t: " . , 1= ;6 t: o t!;!T@):$:iER t:. i31

Alessio ; 'il;t 5; ifu. rt, @) ZPP i& E5 !: PbB 1;E (/, g/

IOOm) E: @)*Bl!U{ a3:iJ: 0.83 t:';!5 .6' !: L, ;fc@>j { !; :.;j

Lt \* . ,.

tLi= !

$ii ruf* *R- ;@)Bli i. :a !* 6

Fll L t \* 6 ,

C):

@) iE ?;; L !1t P ,< iu l= ; U < , *s . i:> < 3Zjj. @> TLV-

TWA @)ll ,,!$1= J: o t, C @>{ 1. ig:t'. ' t*,;E, 5 t:: '. .i:, f'L . ,. L 75. L, . @>{ !;t PbB @> BEl t;lift { ;5. , @>3't3

jtt J: 1) ,!* Lj ;ly *. jta{*ft5@)' : i@>\5! !: '!i:t~ 6, !: , b

it*>tLl* BE1 t:. //,-7';j 3 @), F Tfm=itii1 'j' 6 C t: :. Ji > .6 .

3) ,?;btl lt {> 1970fF{{:*. , EP ;=1!Ut".!, :-2!:@)17f; :;b** *ltf , *L PbB t: @>ft5 != i\.*al;qibt32*&> i tct ,. ;i,. j51

. ld:, {&i!t@)Wfa:ee. , 6 , 1it" )!t:$* i. t&i> -\*j :s J: u,

$61 * : ;'@> FEP t;' Piomelli :;Ei " )' !. J: o t illl:ii: L t

i. 6,. . @)*i ;1 != J: . : , $t* ;!4&b ;*:. v .it A9}. j, -@> FEP

lt:i!t{un{J l. *t i:iE*i, 6)'tli i' ?i L , *!${iT 'F**if 52.8/, g/dl.pcv, *!$ Tl tlLfia 1.43, 95%J=1!Rt6; 95/, g/dl. pcv t:'it, ot:(dl. pcv=lOOm15} iin. !:). :;t:, $8f :ti'Z!'!*: FEP !:

PbB 2: @>*Bl;U id: r=0.87 (p, b. ,5. *> ,, , FEP @)t j, !*

$g. &> , tL ', 3 :b*i 13 @)j !t"ltiii"n :' i2:&>t: !: *R i' U t

\ * . ,.

5) i?**1 1@>$t} !!1, $; Wf* *R ' @)B11 1= *3 1+ ,EP@)i5). iji 1,:, 6i. iii l lOOJ;\T, .5)' 2 100itB250J;!

T 5i'ifi3 250it3(!r{t /, g/lOOml/i* nn. ;i:), :t:1*. . a'ii 1 40!;!~F, 6i. i'ii 2 40i BIOOJ;!~F, 6r i3 100i

(!jtj /, g/lOOm1/:5;'nn. ) != Lt ,..6'.

6) J;!L@> nJL *. ,, PbB @) BE1 t:. 40/, g/lOOml !: L

i::t ., C tL!. ;;. o t: FEF @) BEl !. 0, ,t 1* 200/tg/IOOml : ifu. ;!:, : /;: 1 80/, g/lOOml litii;: . j{ , 6,. , .*3, ;i\ -ti; Xil !t !d:11 , 3S: l ib. H !;\1 != 't' 6,.

3. ,ii, 1,5")u ' 7 / v7' U >,t;t(ALAU)

ALAU !*1950, Ffl:;b. i, $t\!1 , S:!: @>j i!!!i=0 \. tj, }:;t

: tl. , 1*1;, F }: , !. : !:0)*R{!;** :.; tt, t u. 6. 1j i !* :

!ti:!: {, : L < g 1* L t t:. i? ,b*1:;j*Bl!\1{ ;$:1 innijt 0.5 != 0.7 @)

ZPP'9,49eO-0, rb

. @> !:i!; t:. i ,* .6, !:, ACGIH @> PbB @) BEl t:. i;5 .:i

50/, g/lOOml l= ** lt; t~ 6 ZPP 1* 70#g/lOOml . im. i !: '1'

3i:;;; tt. ,:,. Piomelli i!,'1!: Baloh" )1:: ZPP @)iE?i;_Lfttifti

t;6 6 250 g/lOOmli":iiL;;1:**, 5 v } ,1' 7{ !: :::' 1) 5 , ,

t:jj i : L t \* . '. C. @>*!$r1', '\? F ? U v } liti:b'il:ti*7:'

i, *'Li;f, . @)fm* LL5/g/lOOml. im. t !=*B t ~. '. Alessio

i "'1 CEC l=t3\. t 20#g/gHb :. ZPP @)1 ?j!ftt !: Lt

lft' L t t5 1) , C @>{ !*{!i 300/, g/lOOml liLi !.*B "6. L, 7:* L, {1!@>17f;A!t$'it J: t) f L* i, A:JP . c t L* .!,,

Sassa i " 'ld: 140/, g/lOOm1 51 1fu. ;5!;@> ZPP il 1!E !:: !lSl 1@)

95% t:. :ia{;J l. * ,

llsy !. it> 1) , ALAD ts J: 0: EP }: PbB !: @)i. 1 1 !: t ;t

tl;t;,:. v* : i::, PbB " .+jml . , t:b@) ALAU @):1 J!;5

!d: EP @> . tt. J: 0 > { ,*. EP @)iiiin*t, ;,. , i'L . , J: 1) i;*;

\* PbB i, Ai; {ki!q**3i, , C t: fifi;n i:, *Lt \* 6

(Tola i '"), Benson J,*')). :f=, ll , j; , pJLj t, ALAU

@> til:i !t: JLll il{J iR! "t" *' 1= .iE ti; != Z;:'. ,. L. i;: *t o t ,

ALAU !*i 2*!= :s l* $ ll;#i!;0)j 1 !c l3;j! :!j zi. ,*: ,* !:

*Lt L. . , (Haeger-Aronsen J," ').

>c. ;i: -? } 1;R. 3\*:Fl= J: 6 i"!:t: 1= t3 , , t , Jtitt3 ;: t/g ? v

7'?"= >'*m. iE**;,:' R; tL. 6,. ,= @)*llim:1, :/i1, -7 t: L t @>

:i ! ,5'@)17f3 :!= !3:*im*. {,i;ufL*:L*b* lj!-@)* ! : j::

tsv* t it, mg/! it> .6, L*!d mg/24 11** 1t'5!6 *Lt:fttO)i!t

"{ :' t ; , C !: it;!j* tL?;:' \ '

! " !=$61=11 , S: t'Lt \*;*:\**!:! '@> ALAU ld::

ikkJ=t:' 6mg/l it, ;2, U*13 4.5mg/g ? L, '7+= >!;!Tt;'i6

. ,. ALAU @> ifmt; !.'1, :1"1*' ii;fFIZ" t, ,-

i:> i, L .:i .

CEC t:'!d:{ 4, @>$ 1 i!;!= /= V. ~ - , 4E J j2il 1!t!!"!jjtt

@>t, k!:ol. ALAU i. jg:tR L, ALAU>20mg/g ? P7+

.= :,. . ti o t , ftl -%!litt ' ;6; . 6 t: L t L * ;1,.

2) f> *tl ;lt jtj! j!*,)7>* PbB !: ALAU !: @) iiiJ;@)

*B1 :';2. &btJ;!;1 f :*' ? *Lt L* 6 .

- !t:A@>. Eij;fti!=OL*t l*, _Ll!1 jtt!: Lt 4mg/! (*

:> A ? 0? } ?"' 7ji;, Kasahara" '), 4.1mg//(4 * >

jj j 'lll * ' A . plm, . t:nn5$j , : l E:* " i) . 2:, b, *lt

f '; t'Lt \. 6 . 13::!t, Okayama i;," )iti ii!!ii i4:? n '? }

"; 7 4 - (HP) 2: JbfJ, i:!:(CL) !. J: o t ALAU ; . iW12U:

L, iriji 'i= J: 6, ALAU @>qZt j!! !;5i* PbB @)j L. .A:/u (5*

8 2.2#g/dl) (!li 'tl;t /, g/!) t'1*, t i '!= J: , fti@>1/3

t;.;t> 6, c !: .;2, >/::. . Lt, ? u7+-=- >.\iiE Lt:

ALAU-HP i 1;Elt$ @>{ t 1! ! j :@>; 'm, jj ;t , ,

!: ;!!:A:t \* ; ,. : *:, . @>*ttf!;. 1= *; L. t, PbB *f41

~50, 51~60, 61~70/, g/lOOml !.*;ilt;t- , ALAU-HP

tt L. 7, 2.58, 10.9mg/g ?' U7+= >, ALAU-CL 1 3.

8, 6.2, 14.6mg/g ? 1, ' 7 'J' = > t ;t, ,. ilii?: != J: 6

ALAU fmtly* *tL{i PbB **50/, g/lOOml :.* . it: !: C

,J,;b' i tii"":btiZ > i;, t'L -6,. Endo ,, "7'ld: !$ i:, != Okayama

i;,',)@) HPLC i ; ! G!ci;! L, F*8{i=; i2: 4045 !=0 L. t ii!j?j:

L /c* !1 , ALAU i!g!;E!d: 0.1~2.3mg/g ? V 7 'f'..= > (1.

l, =0.4mg/g ;? L, '7 ;f'= >,) t;', Mauzerall-Granick iR:" )

!= J:. , iorll lit 12~3.1mg/g ? V 7+= y (2.1L. 0.5mg/g? L-, 7 += >') @>*ty\.,)'@){ C';t, o t: !: *Rf ' Ut ,* . ,.

3) ,j* : ,," il*{i*i!t, 2,288A@)$t Jl D :1&,*fi=;, '!=o

L* e(i) PbB ALAU !: @>1;Ui! . -;i:1 lM !; t;.:1 "b,

PbB h* 40#g/lOOml " . itB 2. . , t: ii;i ,b*iE !: ,9: , '$",*:' bt5 ALAU @)tii;in**t : t5 . !:, (2) PbB **40"g/lOOml

4;'i!B . t {, ALAU @){ ** 5mg/lJ;!TO)t '*\i 4 % ;; -

t, tLi:: = !: , (3) ALAU iiti :. 1 :JLil:t:'*ili:iE Lt t), PbB !:

ALAU a),1. 4fi1 :6i. @>1 i! !. *s l+ , t11R;. 1= ;9:{1: 4;. iE. ab , .

*. 0 /;: .:. != 4:'*&f ' L t:.

4) i>*'1 1@)$8 !!1 ; XER* *&{ @) 1 1=!51+ ,

ALAU@>6i. {fittt . a'ji1 5J;!T, tE. a'ii 2 5i;6101;!T,

.5i' ii3 10it6 (!11{,: mg/!) !: Lt, . ,.

5) J;!L@> ii!i!. *, i , ALAU i=0 ,. t !d:anil:ii:j : t:.:;g !

Ut 1:1nui L t:'1, 't'Lltt:' , ',.. iiE5d@> . 1 @>Lbf :1= J:

ot ll: : L ;t=*!;r ., $;;@>41=!id!\ti;i; : fti!: L. t, ALAU

i=0 \. t it 4 ~6mg/! @>il lB@)fti;*' i !*'i;, 1'L ,. i;,!=,B 7kA!=0 ,. t i:. *Li:::iEjj4{1t0)5"- '7b*:s J: US$;}tj! 2:

* !! *rf!;i '@). f)'tf@)f ! *9'1 d' - " !: , 5mg/! i ' i': :{ift !:

L t jj ' " 6 C !: i 'j; %J ~ . ,. : i:: 1:*:Fi (ll*:;;H!d:$f}i

t!; 1 * H !;!li 1=*' .

tK. t3, HP j?:1= J: , iR!:i. t!. 0, . t !*, j if { !* J: O lL

ly. { t, a:'iJ'tL!,:, g. J, ,:: ,*7bt jaj: .@)j"j j:!:!= g: ; , ALAU

f @)1!U{ !;t+6}'"H l ,b't:'ld:i*, L. . : i::, il;!:;:ftt@>!ltl:L :'mg/g ? V 7?'.= > !: L ;!:*!$- . 13:, 17b t. ? L, '7 ;i'-= >'i

UE, b, lg/! t";t>*L!d', ALAU @) !:fmd:[i;] !:tds , **, !jt ,

? u7+= >. i !;R@)i*ii 1= J: o t, t;:{ji!*::t: j ,.

: 1:n B*i!t iii !: :- - * $i i;z ;!=i *-aa:. E\ :-. ;i* :Fi !!:, i!r ; 9; !' 3i:{iti(i982) @)1 : ngrb. i 1 e 198224 542-544.

2) ACGIH. Documentation of the threshold limitvalues and biological exposure indices, 6th ed. Cincin-nati: ACGIH 1991 . BE1-105-110.

3) ACGIH. Guide to occupational exposure values-1993. Cincinnati : ACGIH, 1993 ; 59.

4) 0SHA. 29 CFRSection 1910. 1025-Lead, AppendixA and B. Washington DC : OSHA, 1991.

5) CDC. Preventing lead poisoning in young children,1991. Atlanta : US Department of Health and HumanServices, Public Health Service, 1991.

6) CEC. Human biological monitoring of industrialchemicals series. Brussels-Luxembourg:CEC, 1983 ;107-132.

7) WHO Study Group. Recommended health-basedlimits in occupational exposure to heavy metals.WHO Tech Rep Ser 1980 ;36-80.

8) Alessio L, Foa V. Lead. ln:Human biologicalmonitoring of industrial chemical series. Brussels-Luxembourg : CEC, 1983 ; 107-132.

9) Piomelli S. Davidow B, Guinne VF, et al. The FEP(free erythrocyte porphyrins)test:A screening mi-cromethod for lead poisoning. Pediatrics 1973 ;51 :254-259.

IO) Baloh RW. Laboratory diagnosis of increased lead

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