聾棚恥er魍b幽踊st鵬:p慮醜蹴 · an(1the afghan block:s after the emplacement of the...

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Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Japan,Vo1.45(2),1).51-61,1994 The且麓h⑪且⑪gy認聰《蚤s愈置盟¢t服置e o董窺Meso2ゆ且¢ se耐童朧£囎愈我ry一且9醜£⑪眠s我sse且甑恥舳9㊧眠漁eaも韻亘 愈he M聡s騰㎜,B我gh⑪蛋曲童⑬且麓e, 聾棚恥er魍B幽踊st鵬:P慮醜蹴 Jan Mohammad MENGAL#,:Katsumi KIMuRA*, Muhammed Rehanul Haq SIDDIQuI繹,Satoru KoJIMA Takahito NAKA繹,Mali:k Sikander BAKHT淵孝and:Kotaro MENGAL Jan Mohammad,KIMuRA Katsumi,SIDDIQul Muhamme Satoru,NAKA Takahito,BAKHT Malik Sikander and KAMAD lithology and stnlcture of a Mesozoic sedimentary-igneous Muslim Bagh Ophiolite,northem Balochistan,Pakistan_8%JJ.G 45(2),p.51-61,7figs.,1table. Abs色raet:AMesozoicsedimentary-igneousassemblagename Muslim Bagh Ophiolite is widely distributed in the Muslim Bagh Onthebasis oflithologyand age,the BaghComplexis divisible into serpentinite melange,2)mudstone melange,3)basalt-chert u Cretaceous),4)hyaloclastite-mudstone unit(Cretaceous),5)ultramaf upper sedimentary rock unit(Jurassic)and7)10wer sedimentary r units are bounded by layer-parallel thnlst faults and stacked agai assemblage,the Bagh Complex can be distinguished from the sedim the Indian subcontinent.The lithologic features suggest that th rock assemblages which were initially deposited in the extensive a continental margin of the Indian subcontinent to the Neo-Tethys o 且.亘鵡胸心uet量o醜 The Himalayan orogenic belt is the largest convergent zone,which have resulted from colli- sion between the Eurasia and Indian continental plates about50Ma(Powe11,1979).In the westem Pakistan,oblique collision of the Indian subcontinent with the Afghan block resulted in 孝Geological Survey of Pakistan,Quetta,PakistIm 繹Geoscience Laboratory,Geological Survey of Pakista皿, Islamaba(1,Pakistan 岸繹Geological Survey of Pakistan,Islamabad,Pakistan *Geology Department,Geological S皿vey of Japan **Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences,Nagoya University,Nagoya,Japan ***Department ofEducation,Hirosaki University,Hirosaki, Japan the development of the Sulaiman fold-thrustbelt(Yeats and Lawrence westem margin of the fo1(i-thrust be by the discontinuous occurrence of ophiolitebodies inBela,MuslimB Waziristan(Fig.1)(Asrarullahθ渉α」.1 Jong and Subhani,19791Ahmad a 1979).These ophiolite bodies occur sheets overlying the sedimentary c Indian subcontinent(Ahmad and DeJongand Subhani,1979).The emp the ophiolites occurred in the earliest Eocene time(Allemenn,1 ophiolite and associated sedime Keywords:Triassic,Jurassic,Cretaceous,oP1 chert,basalt,Bagh complex,Neo-Tethys Pa短stan 一51

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Page 1: 聾棚恥er魍B幽踊st鵬:P慮醜蹴 · an(1the Afghan block:s after the emplacement of the ophiolites on the Indian subcontinent(De- Jong,1982). 4・ B題9恥Co醜昼頭ex

Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Japan,Vo1.45(2),1).51-61,1994

The且麓h⑪且⑪gy認聰《蚤s愈置盟¢t服置e o董窺Meso2ゆ且¢

se耐童朧£囎愈我ry一且9醜£⑪眠s我sse且甑恥舳9㊧眠漁eaも韻亘

         愈he M聡s騰㎜,B我gh⑪蛋曲童⑬且麓e,

       聾棚恥er魍B幽踊st鵬:P慮醜蹴

           Jan Mohammad MENGAL#,:Katsumi KIMuRA*,

      Muhammed Rehanul Haq SIDDIQuI繹,Satoru KoJIMA**,

Takahito NAKA繹,Mali:k Sikander BAKHT淵孝and:Kotaro:KAMADA***

MENGAL Jan Mohammad,KIMuRA Katsumi,SIDDIQul Muhammed Rehanul Haq,KoJIMA     Satoru,NAKA Takahito,BAKHT Malik Sikander and KAMADA Kotaro(1994)The

     lithology and stnlcture of a Mesozoic sedimentary-igneous assemblage beneath the

     Muslim Bagh Ophiolite,northem Balochistan,Pakistan_8%JJ.Goo云S%7び.血卿η,voL

     45(2),p.51-61,7figs.,1table.

Abs色raet:AMesozoicsedimentary-igneousassemblagenamedtheBaghComplexbeneaththeMuslim Bagh Ophiolite is widely distributed in the Muslim Bagh area,westem Pakistan。

 Onthebasis oflithologyand age,the BaghComplexis divisible into seven lithologicunits:1)

serpentinite melange,2)mudstone melange,3)basalt-chert unit(Upper Jurassic to

Cretaceous),4)hyaloclastite-mudstone unit(Cretaceous),5)ultramafic-mafic rock unit,6)

upper sedimentary rock unit(Jurassic)and7)10wer sedimentary rock unit(Triassic)。These

units are bounded by layer-parallel thnlst faults and stacked against each otheL With this

assemblage,the Bagh Complex can be distinguished from the sedimentary cover sequence on

the Indian subcontinent.The lithologic features suggest that the Bagh Complex consists of

rock assemblages which were initially deposited in the extensive area which ranges from the

continental margin of the Indian subcontinent to the Neo-Tethys ocean。

且.亘鵡胸心uet量o醜

    The Himalayan orogenic belt is the largest

convergent zone,which have resulted from colli-

sion between the Eurasia and Indian continental

plates about50Ma(Powe11,1979).In thewestem Pakistan,oblique collision of the Indian

subcontinent with the Afghan block resulted in

 孝Geological Survey of Pakistan,Quetta,PakistIm

繹Geoscience Laboratory,Geological Survey of Pakista皿,

   Islamaba(1,Pakistan

岸繹Geological Survey of Pakistan,Islamabad,Pakistan

 *Geology Department,Geological S皿vey of Japan

**Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences,Nagoya

   University,Nagoya,Japan

***Department ofEducation,Hirosaki University,Hirosaki,

   Japan

the development of the Sulaiman and Kirthar

fold-thrustbelt(Yeats and Lawrence,1984).The

westem margin of the fo1(i-thrust belt is marked

by the discontinuous occurrence of several huge

ophiolitebodies inBela,MuslimBagh,Zhob,andWaziristan(Fig.1)(Asrarullahθ渉α」.19791De-

Jong and Subhani,19791Ahmad and Abbas,1979).These ophiolite bodies occur as thnlst

sheets overlying the sedimentary cover of the

Indian subcontinent(Ahmad and Abbas,19791

DeJongand Subhani,1979).The emplacement of

the ophiolites occurred in the Paleocene or

earliest Eocene time(Allemenn,1979).These

ophiolite and associated sedimentary-igneous

Keywords:Triassic,Jurassic,Cretaceous,oP1亘olite,melange,

chert,basalt,Bagh complex,Neo-Tethys,Muslim Bagh,

Pa短stan

一51

Page 2: 聾棚恥er魍B幽踊st鵬:P慮醜蹴 · an(1the Afghan block:s after the emplacement of the ophiolites on the Indian subcontinent(De- Jong,1982). 4・ B題9恥Co醜昼頭ex

B%ZZ8∫勿z(~プ云hεG60Zo9∫oαJS%7z2⑳ρプノ4ψα%,Vb及45,.〈砂.2

Afghan

650E

block

and sedimentary

cover

30。N

           ロ   フぴヒ           お  い

             耳............肇law肝一

         ≡彗’:…:…:…:…:…:…:…:…:ヌ……糞辮

       肇……:戴轍’

麟諜iiii,恥1び,一,

灘難1灘8一町

δ

250N IndianOcean .罫a脚噂li:

    !♂  !倒”垂ら lndianshield

!曽andunf・ldedI

   sedimentary cover

逸匪ヨ・phi・lite

Fig.1 Schematic tectonic map     Pakistan. (modified from

     Rana,1982;DeJong,1982)

of westemKazmi and

assemblage offer significant evidence toreconstruct the paleoenvironments of a passive

margin of the Indian subcontinent and the Neo-

Tethys ocean.There are,however,a few

geologic studies.Among these ophiolites,the

Muslim Bagh Ophiolite is one of the best studied

ophiolites(Ahmad and Abbas,1979),and it is

underlain  by  the  sedimentary-igneousassemblage regar(1ed as an large remnant of an

emplaced Neo-Tethyan sedimentary sequence(Otsuki6如1.,1989;Kimuraαα1.,1992).

   In this paper,we call the sedimentary-

igneous assemblage beneath the Muslim Bagh

Ophiolite the Bagh Complex after Bagh village

located south of the Saplai Tor Ghar(Fig.2).

   This work is the result of cooperative field

research in1991by members of GeologicalSurvey of Pakistan and the Japanese party.This

project was financially supported by Japan Inter-

national Cooperation Agency(JICA).Detailed

radiolarian fossil ages of the Bagh Complex is

reported in the same volume by Kojimaαα」.

(1993).Radiometric ages an(i geochemistry of

igneous rocks of the Bagh Complex and Muslim

Bagh Ophiolite have been preliminarily reported

by Sawada6地」.(1992),and their details will be

published later.The purpose of this paper is to

desc1’ibe  the  lithologic  divisions and  their

lithofacies oftheBagh Complexbased ondetailed

field survey in the Muslim Bagh area,and to

discuss the environment ofdeposition ofthe com一

$き嚢

30’50’N プー一、・N〆67。50’E

鍔牟憾

! 鱗        ¥Fig,4離.

Zhob  VaIley

             痔,ノ             勲

             瀞’〉il;9・   ・、9臼Σl

ii毒   ・・  ang Tor Ghar:

βP。40’N

E

二1,●……i….:麟

ナl

l_}一

}、覧

 r、

68●0~E

》鴨メ

MusIm a h O hio巨te

、ノ

 、こ『竃一辱

     、、躍:

ク・、

∴盆・’ 一ム=

30●50’N

 酬8‘1

器ノ

ノ   Malor thrust

   or reverse fau陸

9.

〃!

□Q旧temary

隔MuslimBagh・phidite

翻BaghC・mplex

目Calcare・usZ・ne   (Jurβssict・PaIe・cene    sedimer践ary cover on

  o    thelndiansubconヒinent)

Saplai Tor Gha

A             .・β蔵.聴

・齪::9『1こ’

驚講灘

      ノ     ・0〃∂

      ア2/醗

        〃    ’

      .〃         ¢5・              q『/

’,麟

・●   、か .ノ〆

      欝をノ

ケ㌘籍“一3α4αN

等一し_一k2wa卜喝餅と 1些編・蓼肇c.ノ!,・

67。50’E 6800’E 68010’E

Fig.2 Geologic map of the Muslim Bagh area(after from H:unting Survey Corporation,1961;

Ahmad and Abbas,1979;Otsuki6麺」.,1989and this study).

一52一

Page 3: 聾棚恥er魍B幽踊st鵬:P慮醜蹴 · an(1the Afghan block:s after the emplacement of the ophiolites on the Indian subcontinent(De- Jong,1982). 4・ B題9恥Co醜昼頭ex

LithoIogic units of Bagh CompIex

醗麟懸麗騒團臨

Serpentinite meIange(Bsm)

Mudstone melange(Bmm)

U[tramafic-mafic rock unit(Bum)

Basalt-chert unit(Bbc)

Hyaloclastite-mudstone unit(Bhm)

Upper sedimentary rockunit(Bus)

Lower sedimentaryrockunit(Bls)

Saplai Tor Gh須r

雛藏・,獅2ケB灘、黙膿臨

                ..郷講。β10’

ζ,ζ識醸}昏.. 二.・〆

1きき辮鐸ノグllき灘き Bum

!グ

湾!

30。40’N

  / * 1

N

                                     Mus髄m ag Ophio髄te l

         68。0’E

一一一一ゴーハ\一冒/\     銭’BISD、o・。●●.

傘魅艶

 ・Bum

ぺ じぺ

箋墜叢畿講

・一ノ’、 、、、馨hm    ロ  ヤ ヒノ                    ヤちヤヤ

   ノ♪’11一ロ!、暖、〆ノ  \一・、、

警蝿凝麟縢’、 Bhm

暢1\㍗㍉憶一...『、.一甲一一’一一.一一ロー一灘層ロ

   Manda      ’

~一趨●、撃…蟻・

Kohai麟

一蝕一_一一 C

0 5km\、

Calcareous Zonea 68。0’E b

MusIim Bag                    Bagh Complex Ophiolite

N    Waz・S尋kaiGhar3。。。A BsmPaslaiManda澄 Bhm

m・phi・litey iBbc/’ノIBumB饗!!勇kBus..、、、Bus、BIs

   /!/二/1/、・ノノ〃/!!!〆’物錫z駿二二蚤暴ミ1緑藝雛、.,ろ

2000 ノ  ・     γノBhm・y’\7二物・!’!ノりう’

                        ./

      ←upwarddirecti・h6fbedding  .〃/・dip・fstrata

      Gwa卜Bagh Fault

Bh勢Bus Bus㌧ ‘,    戸護!覧 ,民

Calcareous

 zone

   SE

   C

    3000    m

!ノ!’置、’!2000

Fig.3 Geologicmap oftheBaghComplexintheeastempartoftheMuslimBagharea.WGlWazoSakai Ghar

Page 4: 聾棚恥er魍B幽踊st鵬:P慮醜蹴 · an(1the Afghan block:s after the emplacement of the ophiolites on the Indian subcontinent(De- Jong,1982). 4・ B題9恥Co醜昼頭ex

Thε励oJo剛伽4s翻吻名6げα盈so鰯6so伽醐αη一ゆ60%sαssθ励Z卿(Mθ卿」吻Z.)

plex。Our study area is located in the Muslim

Bagh area,northwestem Ba.10chistan,westem

Pakistan(Figs.1and2).

2・馳ev童o鵬st賊y

    Hunting Sur▽ey Corporation (1961) publi-

shed a series of geologic maps on a scale of

1:253,440including the Muslim Bagh area under

the Colombo Plan Project an(l first clarified

outline of the geology of the Muslim Bagh area.

Detailed studies on the Muslim Bagh Ophiolite

andtheassociated“melange’y havebeenreported

recently.Ahmad and Abbas(1979)and Gansser

(1979)pointed out that the“melangeシ’zone

beneath the Muslim Bagh Ophiolite includes

slivers ofmetamorphic rocks and ophiolite rocks,

and considered that it was formed by shear in

association with obduction of the ophiolite.

Otsuki 6≠ α差  (1989)  presented  that the

“melange,,zone includes not only・melange unit,

but also acoherent sedimentary-igneousunit con-

sisting ofTriassic sedimenta㎎rocks and igneous

rocks,and considered that these rocks were

deposited in the trough basin resulting from the

breakup of the northern margin of the Indian sub-

continent。These ages were determined only

based on megafossils including Halobia of

Triassictime。However,theoccurrenceoftheUp-per Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous radiolarians in

the“melange少,zone are noted in the apPend致

section of the volume edited by Japanese-

Pakistani Research Group (1989). Theseradiolarian ages are not consistent with the

stratigraphic division offered by Otsukiθ!σ義

(1989)』Kimura6地」.(1992)preliminary divi(1ed

the“Melange”zone into seven lithologic units

base(i on lithologies and ages,an(1indicated that

the“Melange”zone is characterized by a variety

of Mesozoic sedimentary-igneous rock succes-

sions.This paper follows the lithologic division

presented by Kimuraαα1.(1992).

3。 Ge盟ε麗岨9εo且ogy

   The study area around Muslim Bagh is

located in the northem margin of the:E-W

trending Sulaiman Range,and is occupied by the

Muslim Bagh Ophiolite,the Bagh Complex,and

the Jurassic to Paleocene sedimentary cover of

the Indian subcontinent(calle(1Calcareous Zone

hereafter)(Fig.2)。These rocks comprise a fold-

thmst belt consisting mainly of Permian to

Eocene platform deposits on the Indian subconti-

nent(6,g。,Kazmi and Rana,1982;Humayon8渉

α乙,1991).The Muslim Bagh Ophiolite thrusted

over the Bagh Complex,which is in fault contact

with the sedimentary cover to the south.The

boundary fault between the Bagh Complex and

thesedimentarycovercanbeclearlytrace(1intheMuslim Bagh area(Fig.2)and is assumed to be

extended toward west near Gwal based on the

topographic features(Fig.1;Otsuki6」σ」.,1989).

The fault is named the Gwa1-Bagh Fault after

Gwal town and Bagh village in this paper.

    The Muslim Bagh Ophiolite is made up of

ultramafic tectonites,ultramafic and mafic

cumulates and a sheeted dike 33 complex(Ahmad andAbbas,1979).The Bagh Complexis

a sedimentary-igneous assemblage consisting of

Triassic to Jurassic sedimentary rocks,and

Jurassic to Cretaceous basic igneous rocks with

Cretace・uspelagict・hemipelagicsedimentsandsmall amomts of melange.

    To the north of the Zhob valley,Eocene to

Mi・cene且ysch-1ikec・arsesedimenta壇・cksare

widely distributed and extend to the Makran

range in southwest Pakistan(Fig.1).Eocene

transgressive marine beds of the flysch belt un-

confom・ablyoverlieinpartthe・phioliteb。diesin-

cluding the Muslim Bagh Ophiolite and Mesozoic

sedimentaryrocks(Hunting Survey Corporation,

1961;AIlemann,1979).The strata of the flysch

beltareinte印retedt・havebeendep・sitedinthe

narrow zones between the Indian subcontinentan(1the Afghan block:s after the emplacement of

the ophiolites on the Indian subcontinent(De-

Jong,1982).

4・ B題9恥Co醜昼頭ex

  4.1(沁t昼i醜e

   In the Muslim Bagh area,the Muslim Bagh

Ophiolite occupies mainly two mountain areas

such as the Saplai Tor Ghar and the Jang Tor

Ghar。The Bagh Complex is distributed around

these mountains,and is in fault contact with the

overlying Muslim Bagh Ophiolite(Fig.2).The

fault boundary is commonly outlined by serpen-

tinite melange(Figs.3an(14),rarely by slivers of

一53一

i…1

Page 5: 聾棚恥er魍B幽踊st鵬:P慮醜蹴 · an(1the Afghan block:s after the emplacement of the ophiolites on the Indian subcontinent(De- Jong,1982). 4・ B題9恥Co醜昼頭ex

B%」観伽働θG6晦吻IS%7鰐げ血卿,嗣45,抽.2

Ja バ G

0

WSW  D

30碧

2000

1000

Qphi

b

購……,,

●’9.’v鳩。篤。潔’・.

灘灘三1…….,.

齢雛講…鯉㊤、

譲難i灘・・1,…

   ゆ◎ ●o

TorA

a r

             壼      \’                    ヤ            蹴, ’璽

            霧…獣

縫麟翻盤釧灘難霧鱗

  2km      淵。●  !イ              ,’   ,            !ノ  1

 ノ             じゆ ココ ド

1 ・・。...磐鱒。詔  N

1圏  ・◎’亀’●唇 Saplai

l慧 ’鼠欝丁・rGharlΣ    。.。。鵬・,藝・Bsm〉

、         ◎o●oヤ            じロ ゆ

べ¥、Bmm灘レド1  ヤ        コゆ   のヤ

  \、 ・・.”も    \、灘4

     、》一’9・、 一      ぎ   鵠’・、 撫員ll、頂      ζ’  βa的      …  O樋oilte

     1                     \   !!                   \

li夕/          Bsm、   Bls         1’、、     Bmm  、

1!

1!つ

!ノタ!//聾く論¥Bls斜Ophi◎lite!ーつ //つ/// !!!ノ・ ■  →’1畳I l

-!1

!////二雛繍麟ll’、1 聯蝉、いへl

                       Bls

Fig.4 Geologic map of the Bagh Complex in the

westem part of the Muslim Bagh area.

:Legends are the same with those of Fig.3。

EENE

3常00

2000

1000

metamorphic rocks at the northwest side of the

Jang Tor Ghar(Gansser,1979;Otsuki6渉α1.,

1989).WehaveresearchedtheBaghComplexinthe areas aromd the Marzaghan Nara(Westem

part)and aroun(1Bagh-Kazhaba (Eastern part)

(Fig.2)within the Muslim Bagh area and the

geologicmaps ofthe two areas are showninFigs.

4and3,respectively.   The Bagh complex is divisible into seven

1ithologic units based on lithologic assemblage,

stmcture,and ages:1)serpentinite melange(Bsm),2)mudstone melange(Bmm),3)basalt-

chert unit(Bbc),4)hyaloclastite-mudstone unit

(Bhm),5)ultramafic-mafic rock unit(Bum),6)

10wer sedimentary rock unit(Bls)and7)upper

sedimentary rock unit(Bus)(Table1).Eachunit is bounded by layer-parallel thrust faults.

  4。2L亘tho且ogy

   1) Serpentinite melange(Bsm)occurs at

thebottomoftheMuslimBaghOphiolite,andalsoalong the margin of ultramafic rock slices in the

Bagh Complex.Serpentinite melange includes

various types of blocks in scaly serpentinite

matrix (Fig.5).Blocks consist mainly of

ultramafic-mafic rocks and metamorphic rocks

such as amphibolite,gamet-homblende schist,

and  greenschist, intercalating  basalt, chert,

1imestone, and shale. Judging from thelithologies,it is estimated that ultramafic-mafic

rocks were derived from the Muslim BaghOphiolite,basalt and sedimentary rocks from the

basalt-chert unit.

   2),Mudstone melange(Bmm)occurs near

the fault boundary between the ophiolite and

Bagh complex east of Ghazgai Nara,and also

along faults bounding the ultramafic unit at

Kazhaba (Fig.3).The mudstone melangeinclu(1es various types of blocks surrounded by

scaly mudstone(Fig.5).These blocks consist of

basalt,radiolarian chert,foliated limestone,

interbedde(11imestone and shale,and massive

limestone.Basalt,chertan(11imestonearecorrela-

tive to those of the basalt-chert unit, and

interbedded limestone and shale is similar in

lithology to Triassic sedimentary rocks in the

Bagh Complex.                亀

   3) Ultramafic-mafic rock unit(Bum)con-

sists of ultramafic cumulate and mafic cumulate,

and conspicuously forms higherridgesthan other

units in the Bagh Complex.Typical tectonic

slices,consisting mainly of ultramafic cumulate,

occur discontinuously along the boundary fault

between the Bbc and Bhm,extending fromKazhabato east of Bagh.The margin ofthis slice

is commonlyremarkedbymelangemits(Fig.3).The lithology and occurrence of this unit suggest

that this unit is a tectonic slice derived from the

Muslim Bagh Ophiolite.There are no age data

from the Bum.

一54一

Page 6: 聾棚恥er魍B幽踊st鵬:P慮醜蹴 · an(1the Afghan block:s after the emplacement of the ophiolites on the Indian subcontinent(De- Jong,1982). 4・ B題9恥Co醜昼頭ex

丁距6」髭hoJogy‘z%4sか門%o孟%名召6ゾ‘zハ44so20ゼ0364づ卸z6%た耽ソー歪8ワz60%sαss6秒zZ》云α8i召 (ハ42%8とzJθ渉αZ.)

Block-in-m飢rix texture in any scale

一            ん   _             ㈱

/       ’、’、1、二、1、、

              ノ\                 ノ

Se甲entinite melange unit

Se甲entinite matriX

blocks

Mudstone melange unit

mudstone matnxblocks

blocks

amphibolite,gamet-homblendite,greenshcist((1erive(1from high TIP metamorphic rocks)

ultramafic-mafic rocks(derived from ophiolites)

basalt,chert,limestone,shale(derived f士om Bbc)

interbe(lde(11imestone&shale,massive limestone((1erive(1from Bls and Bus)

Fig.5 Schematic descriptions of melange units in the Bagh Complex。

   4) Basalt-che丘unit(Bbc)is characterized

by thick basalt rocks with bedded chert,micritic

limestone and hemipelagic mudstone.The basalt

rocks are tholeiitic(Sawadaαα」.,1992),and

occur as pillow lava with minor amounts of

massive lava and volcanic breccia.The pi玉10w

lava consists mostly of closed-packe(1pillows,

ranging in diameter from10cm to l m,with

some intercalations of limestone.The bedded

chert is reddish brown in color and rich in

radiolarian fossils,forming altemating beds of2

to15cm-thick chert layer and fine mudstone

layer ofup to10cmthick.Thisunitis so severely

sheare(I and faulted that the original sedimentary

sequence is almost broken.Some outcrops,however,show that the pillow lava is conform-

ably covered by30to50m-thick limestone-chert sequence. In  contrast, there  is no

evidence that the pelagic sediments are conform-

ably covered by the basaltic rocks.In ad(1ition,

the basalt-chert unit is marked by thmst-relate(i

repetition of the vertical sequence of basalt,

1imestone and chert in ascending order.Accord-

ingly,the original stratigraphic succession of the

basaltic-chert unit can be reconstructed欲s the

basaltic rocks in the lower part,and the

1imestone-chertintheupperpartas shown inFig.

6.Siliceousshale,2to10mthick,cropsoutcloseto bedded chert.Although the stratigraphic rela-

tionship of these rocks is not clear,bed(1ed chert

is likely to be conformably covered by siliceous

shale as shown in Fig.6.The chert-1imestone

interval ranges in age from Early Cretaceous to

Turonian on the basis of ra(1iolarian fossil ages

from chert(Kolimaαα」.,1994).

    5) Hyaloclastite-mudstoneunit(Bhm)con-

sists of thick basalt volcanic rocks interbe(1(1ed

with siliceous mudstone and micritic limestone.

This unit is less sheared compared to the basalt-

chert unit so that the sedimentary sequence can

be sαfely reconstructedαs shown in Fig.6.The

lower subunit consists of siliceous mudstone and

limestone,which are frequenctly intmded by

basalt and dolerite.These intrusions are similar

in lithology with volcanic rocks of the middle

subunit.The middle subunit consists of volcanic

rocks,intercalating small amounts of limestone

and siliceous shale.The volcanic rocks consist of

basanite,alkali basalt,and trachybasalt(Sawada

α α」。, 1992) an(1 0ccur as hyaloclastite and

rework:edvolcanicbrecciawith minor amounts of

pillow Iava and lava sheets(Fig.6).They are

一55一

Page 7: 聾棚恥er魍B幽踊st鵬:P慮醜蹴 · an(1the Afghan block:s after the emplacement of the ophiolites on the Indian subcontinent(De- Jong,1982). 4・ B題9恥Co醜昼頭ex

B%JJ6渉勿z(~プ孟h6G60Jo9づαzJS%7∂のノ(ゾノ4ゆσ犯,VbZ.45,.〈1ひ.2

100 m

1簸il購ii

Basalt-chert    Unit

500 m

upper

part

middle

灘議pa,t

lower

part

Hyaloclastite-

mudstone Unit

匿ヨ1

囮2

皿3

囲4

國5

麗6

國・

羅8

國9

Fig.6 Schematic reconstructed stratigraphy of the basalt-chert unit and the hyaloclastite-mudstone

unit in the Bagh Complex.1:bedded siliceous shale,2:siliceous shale,3:bedded chert,

4:interpillow limestone,5:1imestone,6:hyaloclastite,7:1ava sheet,8:pillow lava,9:sill an(1

dike,6-9:basic rocks.

characterize(1by the development of vesicles and

the existence of phenocryst of pyroxene of

several mm to2cm in diameter.The uppersubunit is composed of siliceous shale with

limestone. Early  Cretaceous radiolarianassemblages were collecte(1 from siliceous

mudstone of the lower subunit(Kojimaαα1.,

1994).K-Ar ages of amphibole and biotite

collected from volcanic rocks range from68to

81Ma(Sawada6緬1.,1992).Hence,the appro-

ximate age of this unit can be Cretaceous.

   6) The Lower sedimentary rock unit(Bls)

consists ofinterbedded limestone and shale in the

upper part,and fissile greenish gray shale in the

lowerpart(Fig.7).Thethickness is some500m.

A limestone bed of interbedded limestone an(1

shale is characterized by sedimentary structures

such as parallel and cross laminations,grading

                             もand current marks inclu(1ing groove and flute

marks.The interbedded limestone and shale

yield Triassic伽励毎fossils from manylocalities

(Otsuki¢渉α1.,1989 an(1this study).Figure 3

indicates locα1ities of伽励毎which were newly

found in this study.The fissile shale yields:L,ate

Triassic Ammonite and Triassic radiolarian

assemblage(Kojima6施」.,1994).These fossil

data show that this unit is approximately of

Triassic age.

   7) The Upper se(1imentaryrockunit(Bus)

consists of siliceous shale,bedded micritic

limestone,fissile shale and calcareous sandstone

with conglomerate.The thickness is some500m

(Fig.7).The siliceous shale collected from two

localities at north of Kohai yields Early Jurassic

and Late Jurassic radiolarian assemblage fossils

(Kojimaαα」.,1994).An ammonite showing

一56一

Page 8: 聾棚恥er魍B幽踊st鵬:P慮醜蹴 · an(1the Afghan block:s after the emplacement of the ophiolites on the Indian subcontinent(De- Jong,1982). 4・ B題9恥Co醜昼頭ex

丁距6」露hoZogy‘z銘4sかz60渉%名oρプαM(3so20づo s6(万%zθπたπy一づ87zθoz6sαss6ηの伽8iO (.~レ陀7z8iα」ααZ.)

Upper sedimentary rock unit(Bus)

01あ

o』

5『

〃  〃  〃  〃

〃  〃  〃

〃  〃 〃 〃

o  o  ●  o  ●

   ●

一   一   一

GazgaiNara

6

Kazhaba

一   一  一

〃 〃  〃  〃

〃  〃  〃

〃 〃  〃  〃

〃  〃  〃

〃 〃  〃  4

ケ  〃   〃

一     一    一

North of Kohai

aPP・

oのの邸

’ニ

Lower sedimentary rock unit(Bls)

East of Bagh

      6

South ofKazhaba

aPP・

團團國冒目囹回回

COnglOmerate

sandstone

i nterbedded

Iimestone&shaie

bedded si[iceous shaie

shale

Radiolarian

Ammonite

Ha’0δ’a

Fig。7 Geologic column of the sedimentary rock units in the Bagh Complex.

Jurassic age was collected around the Gazgai

Nara,although it w3s a dropped stone。These

fossi1(1ata show that Bus is almost of J皿assic

age・ 4。3 Geo亘09亘e s愈r胆et盟re

   The Bagh Complex is clearly separated from

Jurassic to Paleocene calcareous rocks to the

south by the Gwa1-Bagh Fault(Fig.2).This

fault,with a50to200m-thick shear zone in the

hanging wa11,generally strikes ENE and dips

steeplytothenorthintheMuslimBagharea.TheBagh Complex is also in fault contact with the

overlyingMuslimBaghOphiolite(Figs.3and4).

The boun(lary fault between the Bagh Complex

and the ophiolite have approximately the same

attitude as the underlying Bagh Complex。

   Each lithologic unit of the Bagh Complex is

separated by layer-parallel faults.These』fault

zones sometimes contain serpentinite melange or

mudstone melange.Bedding within each unit is

commonly right-way-up,although there are few

recumbentfolds.Inthe:Eastemarea(Fig.3),the

BaghComplexgenerallystrikesENE-WSWtoE-Wanddipstothenorth,andhoweverintheareafrom Kazhaba to Kohai,strata are folded to form

ENE-WSW trendi阜g upright folds with a

一57一

雛1

Page 9: 聾棚恥er魍B幽踊st鵬:P慮醜蹴 · an(1the Afghan block:s after the emplacement of the ophiolites on the Indian subcontinent(De- Jong,1982). 4・ B題9恥Co醜昼頭ex

β%」彪ガ%ρプ渉hθG60-09づoαJS%廻の7げノ4ψσ%,’Vひよ45,ハわ.2

Table1 Lithologic units ofthe Bagh Complex in the Muslim Bagh area and these remarks。Absolute ages are

from the time scale published by Harland6’磁(1989).Radiolarian ages and K-Ar radiometric ages

are based on Kojimaθ彪」.(1994)and Sawada6如」.(1992),respectively.

LITHOLOGIC UNITS Abb. LITHOFACIES AGE

SERPENTINITE MELANGE Bsm b1。cksinscalyse甲entinitemaるrixchert blocks:early Cretaceous to

Turonian(Rd)

MODSTONE MELANGE B;nm blocks in scaly mudstone matrixchert blocks:Ben・iasiIm to Turonian

(Rd)

ULTRAMAFIC-MAFIC UNIT Bum ultramafic cumulate and mafic cumulate

BASALT-CHERT UNIT Bbc

th・1eiiticわasaltr・cks・verlainby

limestone,be(1ded chert and siliceous

shale

chert:Be1Tiansian to Turonian(Rd)

HYALOCLASTINE-

MUDSTONE UNITBhm

alkaline volcanic rocks interbe(ided with

siliceous shale and limestone

alkaline rocks:68to81Ma(K-Ar)

shale of the lower part:Early

Cretaceous(Rd)

UPPER SEDIMENTARY ROCKUNIT

Bussiliceous shale,micritic limestone with

SandStOne and COng10merateJurassic to Cretaceous(?) (R(1)

LOWERSEDIMENTARYROCKUNIT

Blsinterbedded limestone an〔1shale and

siliceous shaleTriassic(Rd,MF)

Abb.:Abbreviation,R(1:radiolarian age,K-Arl radiometric age of K-Ar

MF:mega fossils including施Zo励and Ammonite.

 

轄き

馨難き華

wavelength of500to1500m.A largescale tight

recumbent fold,which are refolded by upright

fo1(1s,is foun(1south of Kazhaba(Fig.3).In the

Westem area(Fig.4),strata form a N-S tren-

ding upright anticlinal fold,plunging southward.

The boundary fault between the ophiolite to the

east and the serpentinite melange to the west

strikes N-S and (1ips steeply,being consist6nt

withtheattitudeoftheBaghComplexasshowninaENE-WSWprofilesection(Fig.4).Accordingto Otsukiαα」.(1989)and Gansser(1979),at the

northwestem side of the Jan Tor Ghar,both the

bomdary fault and the Bagh Complex are fo1(ied

to form an antifomal structure.

   As pointed out by Ahmad and Abbas(1979)

an(10tsukiαごzZ.(1989),the attitude of the boun-

dary fault close to be(1(ling in the Bagh Complex

suggests that the boundary fault was originally

nearly horizontal and was later folded(luring the

deformation event also responsib1βfor folding of

the Bagh Complex.The intemal structure of the

ophiolite is,however,crosscut by the boundary

fault(Ahamd and Abbas,1979).

5。Te伽醜sig讃ie蹴eeo實血e   B鼠ghCo㈱且ex

   The Bagh Complex contains various types of

lithologic units as described in the previous sec-

tion(Table1).Each lithologic unit forms an

individual thnlst sheet.We will describe their

depositional environments base(i on thelithofacies and age.Serpentinite melange and

mudstone melange are characterized by various

types of blocks in scaly matrix.As mentioned

before,the characteristic features of lithologies

indicate that these blockls,except for metamor-

phic rocks such as garnet-hornblende schist an(1

greenschist,were possibly derive(1from the sur-

rounding rock mits such as the Muslim Bagh

Ophiolite and the coherent lithologic units of the

Bagh Complex based on these lithofacies.The

origin of metamorphic rocks is not clear.

Melanges occur only along the margin of the

Muslim Bagh Ophiolite and the ultramafic slices

possibly derived from the ophiolite.The above

mentioned occurrence and the development of

scaly fabric of the melanges suggest that they

were formed by shear in association with the

emplacement of the Muslim Bagh Ophiolite.

一58一

Page 10: 聾棚恥er魍B幽踊st鵬:P慮醜蹴 · an(1the Afghan block:s after the emplacement of the ophiolites on the Indian subcontinent(De- Jong,1982). 4・ B題9恥Co醜昼頭ex

ThθZ露hoJo度ソごz%4s〃%o≠%名召ρプαハ4ゑsogoづo s84づηzθηたz勿ソー歪9%ooz63αss6〃3わ」σ8i8 (ハ4吻z8iα」θ≠αよ)

   The previous studies such as Ahmad and

Abbas(1979)and Otsuki6麺乙(1989)regardedthe basalt-chert unit as an upper member of the

Muslim Bagh Ophiolite.The reconstructe(istratigraphy of the basalt-chert unit in this study

shows that basalt rocks are overlain by Early

Cretaceous to Turonian pelagic radiolarian

bedded chert,followed by the deposition of

younger hemipelagic mudstone。In contrast,the

:K-AragesfromtheMuslimBaghOphioliteareof67to82Ma(Sawada6地1.,1992).The age dif-

ference clearly indicates that the basalt-chert unit

is not a member of the Muslim Bagh Ophiolite.

   The hyaloclastite-mudstone unit is of

Cretaceous age based on radiolarian fossils

(Kolimaαα1.,1994)and K-Ar ages(Sawadaα

α」.,1992).It consists of alkaline rocks interbed-

ded with radiolarian siliceous shale an(1micritic

limestone.This association of sediments and

alkaline igneous rocks shows that alkaline rock:s

were empted in the hemipelagic environment.

   As for sedimentary rocks in the sedimentary

units of the Bagh Complex,these are characteri-

zedbymore abundanthemipelagicsediments andmuch less shallow-marine sediment than the

calcareous sediment on the Indian subco血tinent

to the south.These features show that sedimen-

tary rock units of the Bagh Complex were

depositedinthemoredistalpartoftheIndiansub-continent.

   The above mentioned characteristic

lithofacies of the Bagh Complex clearly

distinguish the Bagh Complex from the

CalcareousZonetothesouth.Wethinkthattheserock assemblages of the Bagh Complex were

possibly initiated during Triassic to Cretaceous

time in the area which extends from the con-

tinental margin of the Indian subcontinent over

the Neo-Tethys ocean,and then were thmst-

stacked during obduction of the Muslim Bagh

Ophiolite over the Indian subcontinent。

Aek齢w且e魂gem錨s:We thank S。H。Gauharand T. Shirahase (Geoscience Laboratory,

Geological Survey of Pakistan)for logistic sup-

po耽s during the field survey in1991,S。G.Abbas

(Geological Survey of Pakistan,Quetta) for

guiding in the field sur▽ey and helpful discu-

ssions,K.Hoshino(Hiroshima Univ.)and Y.

Sawada(Shimane University)for helpful discu一

ssions and supports inthe field survey.Wewish

to thank Y.Okimura(Hiroshima University),T.

Tokuoka(Shimane University),M.Okamura(Kochi University)and K.Otsuki(Tohoku Uni-

versity) for usuful suggestions an(1encourage-

ment.

Re£ere亙亘ees

Ahmad,Z.and Abbas,S.G。(1979)The Muslim

       BaghOphiolite.動:A.Farahand K A。De-

       Jong  (eds.) G804yつzごz勉づos ρプ 」Rπ々ゑsたzπ,

       Geo1.Suw.Pakistam,Quetta,p.243-249.

Allemam,F.(1979) Time of emplacement ofthe

       Zhob  valley  Ophiolites  and  Bela

       Ophiolites, Baluchistan (prelimina可

       report).動:A.Farah and K A。DeJong

       (eds.) Gθo吻%伽¢∫os げP励ゑs如%,GeoL

       Surv.Pakistan,Quetta,p。215-242.

Asran111ah,Ahmad,Z.and Abbas,S,G.(1979)

       Ophiolites in Pakistan:An introduction。

       動:A.Farah and K.A.DeJong(eds.)

       Gooみπα郷づos げ勲彦お如%,Geo1。Surv・

       Pakistan,Quetta,p.181-192。

DeJong,K.A.(1982) Tectonics of the Persian

       Gulf,Gulf of Oman,and southem

       Pakistanregion.肱A.E.M.NaimandF。

       G.Stehli (eds.) Th6 00αz%Bσs勿¢sα%4

       惚堰伽s,vo1.6,The Indian Ocean,p。

       315-351.

       and Subhani,A.M.(1979)Note onthe

       Bela Ophiolites,with special reference to

       the.Kanararea.動:A.FarahandK.A.De-

       Jong  (eds.) Gθ04ソ㎜卿∫α; (ゾ Pα庖s如犯,

       Geo1.Surv.Pakistan,Quetta,p.263-269。

Gansser,A.(1979) Recomaissance visit to the

       ophiolites in Baluchistan and the

       Himalaya.動:A.Farah and K。A。DeJong

       (eds.) G60み郷郷づos qプ勘雇s如%,Geo1。

       Surv.Pakistan,Quetta,p.193-213.

H:arland,W.B.,Armstrong,R.:L.,Cox,A。,Craig,

       L.E.,Smith,A.G.and Smith,D。G.

       (1989) A geologictime scale1989。Cam-

       bridge University Press,Cambridge.

Humayon,M.,Li皿e,R.J.and Lawrence,R D・

一59一

Page 11: 聾棚恥er魍B幽踊st鵬:P慮醜蹴 · an(1the Afghan block:s after the emplacement of the ophiolites on the Indian subcontinent(De- Jong,1982). 4・ B題9恥Co醜昼頭ex

B%JJoあ7zqプ云h6σ80Jo9づαzJS%7”¢yqプノ4ψαη,Vbよ45,ハ1ひ.2

     (1991) Structural interpretation of the

     eastem Sulaiman foldbelt and foredeep,

     Pakistan.Tectonics,vo1.10,p.299-324.

H:unting  Sur▽ey  Corl)oration  (1961) Recon-

     naissance Geology of Part of West

     Pakistan.published for the Govemment

     ofPakistan bythe Govemment ofCanada,

     Toronto,550p.

Japanese-Pakistan  Research  Group  (1989)

     Preliminary report of general survey on

     the geology of Baluchistan.動:Y.

     Okimura and A.N.Fatmi(eds.)71協o勉os

     伽z4S64」%zθ%たzあo多z(ゾ渉hθ1カ40-E%微燈批τ%Co〃

     1づ伽9.P勧召βo%伽ηR69伽㈱の云S動一

     ノZ%6%06 0% 云h6 Mづ%θ名πZ 1)8zノθZoφ挽θ7z云s づ%

     勲肋孟朋,Hiroshima University,p.1-31.

Kazmi,A。H.and Rana,R.A.(1982) Tectonic

     map of Pakistan,scale1:2,000,000,Geol.

     Sulv.Pakistan,Quetta,

Kimura,K.,Hoshino少K.,Menga1,」.M.,Siddiqui,

     M.R H。,Kojima,S。,Naka,T.andBa㎞t,

     M。S。(1992)Geology of the Muslim

     Bagh Ophiolite and associated Bagh Com-

     plex, in northwestem  Baluchistan,

     Pakistan. 14δs伽鷹孟s ρゾ ε卿ψ03づz6郷 o犯

    1五卿ぜz勿ごz% 060Jogy,Shづ㎜%召 ’92,ノ4ρごz%,

     P.23.

Kojima,S。,Naka,T.,Kimura,K.,Menga1,」.M.,

     Siddiqui少M。R.H.and Bakht,M.S.

     (1994)Mesozoic rediolarians from the

    Bagh Complex in the Muslim Bagh area,

    Pakistan:Theirsignificance inreconstruct-

    ing the geologic history of ophiolites

    along the Neo-Tethys suture zone.B%JZ.

     GθoZ.S%7z7.ノ4ψα%,vo1.45,P.63-97。

Otsuki,K.,Hoshino,K.,Anwar,M.,Menga1,J.

    M.シBrohi,1.A.,Fatmi,A.N.and

    Okimura,Y.(1989) Breakup of Gond・

    wanaland and emplacement of ophiolitic

    complex in Muslim Bagh area of

    Baluchistan,Pakistan.動:Y.Okimuraand

    A.N.Fatmi(eds.)丁協o勉os伽4S64加6%一

     たzガoつ¢(ゾ渉ho1勿40帥Ez脳とzs批z%CoJあ4勿¢g PZσ云6

    Bo%%44冗ソR69づo%ごηz4づ菰s1姻%θ%080η ≠hθ

    価%卿」1)θ∂θJo卿傭s づ銘 P鷹s伽,

    Hiroshima University,p.33-57.

Powe11,C.McA.(1979)A speculative tectonic

    history of Pakistan and surroundings=

     Some constraints from the Indian Ocean.

    動:A.Farah and K.A.DeJong(eds.)

     Gθoみ郷勉∫os げP罐ゑs孟伽,GeoL Surv.

    Pakistan,Quetta,p.5-24。

Sawada,Y.,Haq,M.R.,Khan,S.R.and Aziz,A。

     (1992)Mesozoic igneous activity in the

Yeats,R.S.and Lawrence,R.D

Muslim Bagh area,Pakistan -with

special reference to hot spot magmatism

related to the break-up of Gond-

wanaland一.z4δS飽0孟Sげ助吻OSづ襯0%

1五吻‘z云‘zツごz% GθoZogy,Sh吻z‘z%6 ’92,ノ4i飯z犯,

P.42.

               (1984) Tec・

tonics of the Himalayan thrust belt in nor-

them Pakistan.肋:B.U.Huq and J.D.

Milliman (eds.)!吻吻0060Jo劇佛4

006σ%09猶とψh夕qプノ1名ヒzゐ伽薙 Sθα‘刀¢4CoαsホごzJ

勲烈sホ朋,Van Nostrand Reinhold,New

York,P.177-198.

一60一

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丁捌露ho⑳姻s翻o云膨吻惚30goσosθ伽6箆雄晦%θo%s硲so励嬢(M碗弼吻孟)

パキスタン西部,モスリムバーグオフィオライトの下位の中生代堆積岩・

    火成岩コンプレックスの岩相・構造およびその重要性

」.M:。Me聡ga丑・木村克己・M。R.H.S越面哩腫・小嶋 智

    中 孝仁・M.S.Ba紬t・鎌田耕太郎

要  旨

 イソドーユーラシア大陸の衝突境界にそって,オフィオライトがインド大陸上に衝上している.それ

らのうち,西縁境界に相当するオフィオライト岩体の一つがパキスタソ西部,モスリムバーグ地域に分

布する.このモスリムバーグオフィオライト(MBO)の直下に断層を境にして,中生界の堆積岩・火成

岩コンプレックス(バーグコンプレックス)が分布する.バーグコソプレックスの南側にはイソド大陸上

に堆積した浅海成中生界(石灰岩地帯)が広く分布し,摺曲・スラスト帯を構成する.バーグコソプレッ

クスと石灰岩地帯とは層相が異なり,両者は東西走行のグワールーバー断層で境されている.本研究は

パキスタン地質調査所との共同プロジェクトであり,論文ではバーグコンプレヅクスの地質を記載し,

ネオテーチスの古地理復元におけるその重要性を指摘する.堆積岩の地質年代及び火成岩の年代・化学

組成はそれぞれ小嶋ほか(本号),沢田ほか(1992)に基づく.バーグコソプレックスは7つの岩相ユニ

ットに区分される.①蛇紋岩メランジュ(Bsm):オフィオライト・変成岩,及びBbcから由来したブ

ロックと蛇紋岩基質からなる.②泥岩メランジュ(Bmm):おもにBbcとBls由来のブロックと泥岩基

質からなる.③玄武岩一チャートユニット(Bbc):ソレアイト質の枕状玄武岩とそれに重なる白亜紀前期からTuronianにかけての層状チャート,そし七半遠洋性泥岩からなる復元層序を有す。④ハイアロ

クラスタイトー泥岩ユニット(Bhm):半遠洋性泥岩(下部は白亜紀前期を示す)とアルカリ火山岩(68-

81Ma)からなる.⑤堆積岩ユニット:石灰質泥岩・砂岩ないし珪質泥岩からなる三畳系(Bls)とジュラ

系(Bus)からなる.⑥超塩基性一塩基性岩ユニット(Bum):オフィオライト由来の岩石からなる.

 Bsm及びBmmのメラソジュはオフィオライトの直下,ないしBumの境界にそって産出すること,

勢断構造が発達していることから,オフィオライトのオブダクトに関連して形成された構造性メランジ

ュと考えられる.BbcはMBOとは年代が異なり,MBOの一員ではない.堆積岩ユニットのBls・

Busは,断層で境されているが,堆積岩の岩相の類似性は,三畳紀からジュラ紀にいたる一連の堆積体

をなしていたことを示唆する.これらは浅海成相の石灰岩地帯の同時代の地層と異なり,層厚が約

1000mと薄く,かつ珪質堆積物に富む半遠洋性層の発達を特徴としており,インド大陸の縁辺にあっ

たと推定される.

 バーグコンプレックスについての以上の層相の特徴と石灰岩地帯の地層との比較に基づくと,バーグ

コソプレックスを構成する主要な堆積岩と火山岩は,インドとユーラシア大陸の衝突にともなって消失

したネオテーチスからインド大陸縁辺で形成されたと考えられる.

(受付:1993年6月8日;受理:1993年11月19日)

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