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Eero saarinen

Finnish Americanarchitect

AugustAugust 20, 191020, 1910 September 1, 1961September 1, 1961


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EERO SAARINEN Eero saarinen was born in 1910,in Finland. Eero Saarinen was the youngest child of the famous

architect Eliel Saarinen, who explained that his son was"born practically on the drafting board."

His mother loja was a gifted sculptor and architectural modelmaker.

Eero grew up in a household where drawing and paintingwere taken very seriously, and a devotion to quality andprofessionalism were instilled in him at an early age.

He was taught that each object should be designed in its"next largest context - a chair in a room, a room in a house, ahouse in an environment, environment in a city plan."

In 1923,the saaoinens emigrated to u.s,where he began to

study sculpture and furniture design. Saarinen graduated from high school in 1929 and went to

Paris to study sculpture. Between 1930 and 1934, Eero studied at the Yale School of

Architecture.


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From 1939 to 1947 he worked for his father's firm .

After working with his father on a number of projects,

Eero Saarinen had a chance to express his own philosophywhen he entered the 1947 architectural competition forJefferson National Expansion Memorial.

This was his first opportunity to establish himself as anindependent architect, and he set out to design a

monument not only to Thomas Jefferson and the nation,but also to the modern age.

For him, "The major concern ...was to create amonument which would have lasting significance andwould be a landmark of our time... Neither an obelisk nor

a rectangular box nor a dome seemed right on this site orfor this purpose. But here, at the edge of the MississippiRiver, a great arch did seem right."


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When his father died in 1950, Eero Saarinen took over his practice,

running it as Saarinen & Associates .

Saarinen developed a remarkable range which depended on colour,formand material.

In late 1930s ,Experimenting with Charles Eames, Eero Saarinen co-developed new furniture forms and the first designs for furniture ofmolded laminated wood.

In 1941 Saarinen won two prizes in the New York Museum of Modern Artcompetition for functional furniture design for pieces on which he andCharles Eames had collaborated.

Saarinen continued to design innovative chairs.

After winning the functional furniture design contest he beganworking on "organic" chair designs, resulting in the "womb" chair,which eased the sitter into a fetal position and was consideredby many to be the most comfortable chair ever made.


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PHILOSOPHY:

Eero saarinen was an american architect and prodect

designer,20th century.

He was famous for his varying style according to demand of

the project simple, sweeping,arching structural curves.

ACCORDING TO EERO SAARINEN:

The purpose of architecture is to shelter and enhancemans life on earth and to fulfill his belief in the nobility of

his existence.


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BUILDINGS


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NORTH CHRISTIAN CHURCH ,

COLUMBUS,INDIANA (1959 TO1963)

LOCATION : COLUMBUS , INDIANA DATE : 1959 TO 1963 BUILDING : CHURCH

TYPE CLIMATE : TEMPERATE CONTEXT : SUBURBAN STYLE : MODERN

THIS WAS THE LAST BUILDINGDESIGNED BYSAARINEN BEFORE HIS DEATH .SAARINENS FATHER HAD DESIGNED THEFIRSTCHRISTIAN CHURCH IN COLUMBUS.


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THE BUILDING IS HEXAGONAL INSHAPE , WITH

CENTRAL SPIRE WHICH IS 192 FEET

(59M) HIGH .

BELOW THE SPIRE THERE IS OCULUSTHAT

ADMITS LIGHT INTO MAIN LEVEL .

THE SANCTURY IS LOCATED AT THECENTRE OF

THE BUILDING , WITH A ALTARLOCATED AT THE

CENTRE OF THE SANCTURY .


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ROWS OF PEWS SURROUND THEALTAR IN THE CICULAR PATTERN ,REFLECTING THE IDEA THATWORSHIP SHOULD BE CENTRALASPECT OF THE LIFE OFCONGREGATION .

The communion table should be thefocal point. We can have thecongregation sitting around thecommunion table where everyone feelsequal and joined together in unity andharmony


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OCULUS FOR ADMITION OF LIGHTIN THE CHURCH


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In the North Christian Church, my thinking has alwaysbeen to make the organ pipes an important element inthe sanctuary design


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Rear side of church


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*Church is elevated to have all the secondary activities likeauditorium, Sunday school, gymnasiums etc. underground , hiddenaway and put only the sanctuary above ground and make it thesignificant visual and architecture thing

*Other reason is , the site is flat in a residential district the churchmust be elevated so that it stand s proudly above the parked carsand surrounding houses


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DULLES AIRPORT


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DULLES AIRPORTAT CHANTILLY ,VIRGINIA(1958 TO 1962)


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Washington Dulles International Airportserves the greater Washington, D.C./metropolitan area.

It is named after John Foster Dulles, United States Secretary of State

It serves as a major hub for United Airlines and a focus city for Jet BlueAirways.

The airport occupies approximately 11,000 acres (17.19 mi/ 44.5 km) ofland 26 miles (41.8 km) west of downtown Washington, straddling theborder of Fairfax County and Loudoun County, Virginia

It is located partly in Chantilly and partly in Dulles, west of Herndon andsouthwest of Sterling.

The airport was dedicated by President John F. Kennedy on November 17,1962.

The main terminal is highly regarded for its graceful beauty, suggestiveof flight


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Dulles was the first airport in the world specifically designed for jetaircraft, and many of its architectural features were experimental at thetime for example underground people mover and pedestrian walkway

system ,mobile lounges that bring passengers directly from aircraft toterminal.

Dulles expanded in the 1980s and 1990s, operations outgrew the mainterminal and new midfield concourses were constructed, using mobilelounges to bring passengers to the main terminal.

An underground tunnel consisting of a passenger walkway and movingsidewalks was opened in 2004 which links the main terminal .


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CURVED ROOF SUPPORTED UPON COLUMNS


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The terminal ceiling is suspended in an elegant curve above the luggagecheck-in area.

There are two sets of gates in the main terminal

The main terminal is a very well regarded building; its roof is a suspendedcatenary providing a wide enclosed area unimpeded by columns.

It houses ticketing, baggage claim, and information facilities, as well as the

International Arrivals Building for passenger processing.


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TWA TERMINAL


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DETAILED MODEL OF TWA


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The building designed to be the embodiment of flight.Saarinen developed the form with reinforced concrete. Itsexpressive forms allow the building to stand out against itscontemporaries. The fluid nature of concrete was pushed tothe extreme in creating the bird-like forms. The concretealso made a solid choice since the building would be subjectto millions of travelers a year. The materials had to bedurable.


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ENTRANCE TO THE TERMINAL


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ST. LOUIS ARCH


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ST. LOUIS ARCH

AERIAL VIEW


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ST. LOUIS ARCH , MISSOURI

The Arch is known as the "Gateway to the West".Designed by Finnish-American architect Eero Saarinen and structural engineerHannskarl Bandel It stands 630 feet (192 m) tall, and is 630 feet (192 m) at its widest point..The cross-sections of its legs are equilateral triangles, narrowing from 54 feet

(16.5 m) per side at the base to 17 feet (5.2 m) at the top. Each wall consists of a stainless steel skin covering reinforced concrete fromground level to 300 feet (91 m) or carbon steel and rebar from 300 feet (91 m) tothe peak.The interior of the Arch is hollow and contains a unique transport systemleading to an observation deck at the top.

The interior of the Arch also contains two emergency stairwells of 1076 stepseach, in the event of a need to evacuate the Arch or if a problem develops withthe tram system.Underneath the Arch is a visitor center, entered from a descending outdoorramp starting at either base.


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ENTRANCE TO THE ARCH

Entrance to the Arch is from the underground George B. Hartzog, Jr.Visitor Center, located directly beneath it.Visitors are carried from the lobby level below to the observationplatform at the top of the Arch by a unique conveyance system - a 40-

passenger train made up of eight five-passenger capsules in each leg.Operating at the rate of 340 feet per min., the ride takes 10 minutes forthe round trip.The observation platform is 65 feet by 7 feet, with plate-glass windowsproviding views in the east and west directions.There is also a conventional maintenance elevator in each leg asfar as the 372-foot level, and stairways with 1,076 steps in each leg risefrom the base to the top of the Arch. The elevators and stairways are formaintenance and emergency use only.


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SECURITY

Visitors pass through security checkpoints at each entrance to the Arch, beforebeing allowed access to the visitor center.

TRAMA unique tram system that combined an elevator cable lift system with gimbaledcars functionally similar to ferris wheel gondolas had been installed.From the visitor center one may move to either base (one on the north end and

the other on the south end) of the Arch and enter the tramway much as one wouldenter an ordinary elevator, through narrow double doors.Passing through the doors, passengers in groups of five enter an egg-shapedcompartment containing five seats and a flat floor.Eight compartments are linked to form a train, meaning that both trains have acapacity of 40, and that 80 people can be transported at one time.These compartments individually retain an appropriate level by periodically

rotating every 5 degrees, which allows them to maintain the correct orientationwhile the entire train follows curved tracks up one leg of the arch.The trip to the top of the Arch takes four minutes, and the trip back down takesthree minutes.The car doors have narrow glass panes, allowing passengers to see the interiorstairways and structure of the Arch during the trip.


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TRAM HAVING A SEATING FOR FIVE PEOPLE


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OBSERVATION AREA Near the top of the arch, a rider exits the compartment and

climbs a slight grade to enter the arched observation area.Small windows, almost invisible from the ground, allowviews across the Mississippi River and southern Illinois with itsprominent Mississippian culture mounds to the east atCahokia, and the City of Saint Louis and St. Louis County to

the west beyond the cityOn a clear day, one can see up to thirty miles. (48 km)


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OBSERVATION AREA

INCLINED WINDOWS AT THE TOP OF THE ARCH FOR A

COMPLETE VIEW


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The Arch: The St. Louis Gateway Arch is in the form of an invertedcatenary, which is a very stable structure that is often used in bridges,domes, and arches.


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