el método fluency: un estudio científico

7/23/2019 El Método Fluency: un estudio científico

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Of jrgi15=1Of`jrgi li ivmbumcoóf lib gïtjlj @buifcy

Krupj li Ofvistokmcoófli \icfjbjkçm ilucmtovm

Yfovirsolml li Gurcom



I]YOUJ LI OFPIS\OKMCOÓF

CJJQLOFMLJQISUrj & Lª& Gª& Umz Uriflis IspofjsmLjctjrm if UilmkjkçmUrjìsjrm \otubmr lib Lipmrtmgiftj li Lolíctocm y Jrkmfozmcoóf IscjbmrCjjrlofmljrm li Offjvmcoóf lib Pocirrictjrmlj li IstulojsYfovirsolml li Gurcom

Urj & L& Gokuib Bópiz AmcnirjLjctjr if @objsj`çm y CC li bm Ilucmc oófUrjìsjr \otubmr lib Lipmrtmgiftj li \ijrçm i Nostjrom li bm IlucmcoófLicmfj li bm @mcubtml li Coifcoms lib LipjrtiYfovirsolml li Gurcom

I]YOUJ LI OFPIS\OKMCOÓFUrj` Lrm Lª Osmaib Gª Sjbmfj @irfíflizUrj` Lrm Lª Boflm Cmstmýilm ]uoftirjUrj` Lrm Lª Gª lib Gmr Sífcniz PirmUrj` Lrm Lª Osmaib Kutoïrriz Ujrbíf

Urj` Lrm Lª Gª \rofolml Qjlrçkuiz CoùiftisUrj` Lrm Lª Umtrocom Bópiz PociftL H jsï Buos Sirrmfj SífcnizL Poctjr Kjfzíbiz CmbmtmyulLª Gª @uifsmftm Bópiz Oajrrm

Krupj li Ofvistokmcoófli \icfjbjkçm ilucmtovmYfovirsolml li Gurcom

15=1



CJF\IFOLJ

BM OFPIS\OKMCOÓF _ IB OF@JQGI =

Oftrjluccoóf8 Cógj surki ib istuloj =

Gitms y jahitovjs li bm ofvistokmcoóf 3

Gitjljbjkçm li ofvistokmcoóf 9

= Urogirm `msi 9

1 Sikuflm msi 0

Cjflocojfis pmrm bm lo`usoóf y prjpoilml oftibictumb lib gmtiromb risubtmlj liistm ofvistokmcoóf ?

IB GÏ\JLJ @BYIFC_8 SYS\IF\J \IÓQOCJ _ GM\IQOMBIS OGUQISJS==

Gmrcj tiórocj ==

= Oftrjluccoóf ==

1 \ijrçms lib mpriflozmhi y mpriflozmhi lib ofkbïs =1

3 Istrmtikoms li mpriflozmhi li bms bifkums ixtrmfhirms 15

< Ib ofkbïs liftrj li bms ifsiýmfzms j`ocombis if Ispmým 11

9& Gïtjljs if bm ifsiýmfzm lib ofkbïs 35



0 Bm ogpjrtmfcom li bm gigjrom y bm vosumbozmcoóf if ib mpriflozmhi libofkbïs <;

; Mbkufms ri`bixojfis ofocombis sjari ib mpriflozmhi cjf tmrhitms pmrm bmmlquosocoóf li bm bifkum ofkbism <?

Bjs gmtirombis ogprisjs li @buifcy 93

= Ivmbumcoóf li bjs gmtirombis ogprisjs 9<

IPMBYMCOÓF LIB GÏ\JLJ @BYIFC_ ;9

Gïtjlj i Ofstrugiftjs ;9

= Oftrugiftjs Cumftotmtovjs ;9

1 Oftrugiftjs Cumbotmtovjs >;

Qisubtmljs lib mfíbosos li lmtjs cumftotmtovj =53

3 Qisubtmljs C uistojfmroj Urj`isjris @buifcy =5<

< Qisubtmljs Cuistojfmroj Mbugfjs Urogmrom ===

9 Qisubtmljs Cuistojfmroj Mbugfjs Sicuflmrom ==9

0 Qisubtmljs Cuistojfmroj Umlris =15

; Qisubtmljs li bm pruiam li fovib =1<

Qisubtmljs lib mfíbosos li lmtjs cumbotmtovj =10

> Mspictjs kifirmbis =3<

? Gitjljbjkçm li bms sisojfis =3<

CJFCBYSOJFIS _ UQJUYIS\MS LI GIHJQM=<;

Sjari ib gïtjlj @buifcy =<>

Sjari bjs mkiftis ogpbocmljs =93

Qicursjs y gmtirombis =9;

Gmtozmcofis li bm pruiam li fovib =01

M gjlj li cjfcbusoóf sjari bms prjpuistms li gihjrm =01

AOABOJKQM@ÇM =09



\MABMS" @OKYQMS _ KQÍ@OCMS

\MABMS

\mabm= Crjfjkrmgm li trmamhj >

\mabm1 Gïtjljs cjfluctostms pmrm ofcrigiftmr cjfluctms lisimlms =<

\mabm3 Gïtjljs cjfluctostms pmrm suprogor cjfluctms fj lisimlms =9

\mabm< \ijrçms cjkfotovostms lib mpriflozmhi =?

\mabm9 Istrmtikoms li mpriflozmhi li bms bifkums ixtrmfhirms Jx`jrl.=??5/ 11

\mabm0 Mspictjs listmcmljs li bm bifkum ixtrmfhirm if bmsifsiýmfzms kifirmbis lib Sostigm Ilucmtovj if Ispmým 1<

\mabm; Ujrciftmhi li mbugfmlj qui cursó bifkums ixtrmfhirms if155?*15=5 .GI" 15==/ 1<

\mabm> Myulms pmrm ib mpriflozmhi li bifkums ixtrmfhirms j`irtmlmspjr Gofostiroj li Ilucmcoóf .GI" 15==/ 19

\mabm? Qisubtmljs8 cjgprifsoóf jrmb" cjgpitifcom bofkòçstocm"cjgprifsoóf bictjrm y iscroturm .Iurjpimf Fitwjrd 1551/ 19

\mabm=5 Qisubtmljs sikøf bm rimbozmcoóf li mctovolmlis ixtrmiscjbmrisli ofkbïs 1¸ ISJ .GIC" 155</ 10

\mabm== Lostroaucoóf li bjs mbugfjs qui rimbozmf mctovolmlis iscjbmris

li 1 cursj ISJ .GIC" 155</ 1;



\mabm=1 Qisubtmljs sikøf bm rimbozmcoóf li mctovolmlis ixtrmiscjbmrisli ofkbïs <¸ ISJ .GIC" 155</ 1>

\mabm=3 Lostroaucoóf li bjs mbugfjs qui rimbozmf mctovolmlis iscjbmrisli < cursj ISJ .GIC" 155</ 1?

\mabm=< Gmtirombis ogprisjs ivmbumljs 9<

\mabm =9 Fovibis" ciftrjs y mbugfjs pmrtocopmftis lurmfti bm ricjkolm liof`jrgmc oóf li bm òcnm li jasirvmc oóf = >?

\mabm =0 Fovibis" ciftrjs y mbugfjs pmrtocopmftis lurmfti bm ricjkolm liof`jrgmc oóf li bm òcnm li jasirvmc oóf = ?;

\mabm=;& Pmbjrmcoóf lib prjìsjrmlj .='=5/ rispictj m vmrojs mspictjsribmc ojfmljs cjf su bmajr ljcifti =5>

\mabm=> Smtos`mccoóf li bjs pmlris qui toifif m sus nohjs gís li ufmýj =1<

\mabm=? Urjpuistms li gihjrm pmrm gmtirombis=01

@OKYQMS

@okurm = Cjfciptj li Mpriflozmhi =3

@okurm 1 Çfloci li Fovib li Ofkbïs .Ilucmtojf@orst" 15==/35

@okurm 3 Çfloci lib boarj Ofti rg il omti Ifk bosn ; 9;

@okurm < Çfloci lib boarj Nokn Oftirgilomti Ifkbosn9;

@okurm 9 Çfloci lib boarj Ajj d Jfi = 9>

@okurm 0 Ihigpbj li çfloci if bm cjbiccoóf Fiw Qjuti 9?

@okurm ; Krmòsgjs istructurmftis utobozmljs if bm cjbiccoóf Fiw Qju ti 05

@okurm > Krmòsgjs istructurmftis utobozmljs if Fiw Ajj d 05

@okurm ? Gírkifis y ifcmaizmlj utobozmljs if Ajj d \nrii 3 0=

@okurm =5 Ihigpbj topjkrm`çm li bm c jbiccoóf Dolz&01

@okurm == Ihigpbj topjkrm`çm li bm cjbiccoóf Fiw Qjuti 01

@okurm =1 \opjkrm`çm y cjbjr utobozmlj if ib boarj Ajj d Jfi = 01



@okurm =3 Ihigpbj li ogíkifis ofcbuolms if bm cjbiccoóf Dolz 03

@okurm =< Ihigpbj li ogíkifis ofcbuolms if bm cjbiccoóf Fiw Qjuti 0<

@okurm =9 Ihigpbj li ogíkifis ofcbuolms if Ofti rg il om ti Ifk bosn ; 09

@okurm =0 Ihigpbj li ogíkifis ofcbuolms if Ajjd \nrii 3 09

@okurm =; Ihigpbj li ogíkifis ofcbuolms if Ajj d Jfi = 00

@okurm => Ihigpbj li ogíkifis ofcbuolms if Ajjd \nrii 3 00

@okurm =? Ihigpbj li cjfstruccoóf li `rmsis m trmvïs li ogíkifisofcbuolm if Ajj d Jfi = 0;

KQÍ@OCJS

Kríòcm = @jrgmcoóf li bjs prjìsjris li @buifc y =59

Kríòcm 1 Mýjs li ixpiroifcom cjgj prjìsjr li @buifcy =59

Kríòcm 3& Jpofoóf li bjs prjìsjris if ribmcoóf m bm `jrgmcoóf ricoaolmpmrm ogpmrtor ib gïtjlj =50

Kríòcm < Njrms qui ogpmrtif cbmsi bjs prjìsjris m bm sigmfm =5;

Kríòcm 9 Ujrciftmhi li bms ilmlis li bjs mbugfjs pmrtocopmftis liprogmrom ==1

Kríòcm 0& Ujrciftmhi li mbugfjs li progmrom qui bis kustm istulomrofkbïs ==3

Kríòcm ; Ujrciftmhis sjari bm jpofoóf li bjs mbugfjs if cumftj m suriflogoiftj if ofkbïs if ib cjbikoj y if @buifcy==3

Kríòcm > Ujrciftmhi li mbugfjs qui bis kustm or m cbmsi if @buifcy ==<

Kríòcm ? Ujrciftmhi li mbugfjs qui bis kustm or m bms cbmsis li @buifcypjr mcmligoms ==<

Kríòcm =5 Ujrciftmhi sjari bm pjsoaobolml li qui bjs istulomftis rimbociftmrims li @buifcy if cmsm ==9

Kríòcm == Føgirjs masjbutjs li mbugfjs pjr cursj qui rimbozmf if ibofstotutj ==0

Kríòcm =1 Mýjs qui bjs mbugfjs bbivmf if bm mcmligom @buifcy ==0

Kríòcm =3 Ujrciftmhi li jpc ojfis li pjr quï vmf m @buifcy y fj m jtrmmcmligom ==;



Kríòcm =< Ujrciftmhi li mbugfjs qui nmf istmlj if uf pmçs ixtrmfhirj"nmabmf ofkbïs cjf jtrm pirsjfm y nmabmf ofkbïs if cmsm ==;

Kríòcm =9 Lmtjs mcugubmtovjs sjari mspictjs li @buifcy" ib ofstotutj ylib ofkbïs if kifirmb ==>

Kríòcm =0 Mspictjs cbmvi sjari bm mcmligom @buifcy ==?

Kríòcm =; Mbugfjs qui bis kustm smcmr gihjris fjtms qui suscjgpmýirjs pjr mcmligoms =15

Kríòcm => Fovib li istulojs li bjs pmlris y bms gmlris =1=

Kríòcm =? Fovib li ofkbïs li bjs pmlris y gmlris =1=

Kríòcm 15 ºUjr quï bjs pmlris iscjkoirjf @buifcy: =11

Kríòcm 1= Lmtjs sjari so toifif j fj gís nohjs if @buifc y =11

Kríòcm 11 Smtos`mccoóf li bjs pmlris qui toifif m sus nohjs gifjs li ufmýj =13

Kríòcm 13 Føgirj li cmsjs li cmlm rmskj li bm mctovolml libprjìsjrmlj =39

Kríòcm 1< Cmsjs if bjs qui ib prjìsjrmlj `jgiftm bm `buoliz y bmtjfmbolml if bms ripitocojfis li sus mbugfjs =39

Kríòcm 19 Føgirj li cmsjs li cmlm rmskj li bm mc totul lib mbugfmlj =30

Kríòcm 10 Cmsjs if bjs qui ib mbugfj prikuftm y rimbozm cjgiftmrojssjari bj trmamhmlj =3;

Kríòcm 1; Cmsjs if bjs qui ib mbugfj sjbocotm qui si lï bm vuibtm m bmstmrhitms =3;

Kríòcm 1> Cmsjs if bjs qui ixosti ribmcoóf iftri bjs mbugfjspmrtocopmftis =3>

Kríòcm 1? Qipitocoóf m cjrj li bms @bmsncmrl =<5

Kríòcm 35 Cjrriccoóf li bm prjfufcomcoóf =<=

Kríòcm 3= Ujrciftmhi li prjìsjris qui nmabmf sjbj if ofkbïs j if ofkbïsy ispmýjb =<=

Kríòcm 31 Ujrciftmhi li mctovolmlis oflovolumbis" krupmbis j li mgajs

=<1

Kríòcm 33 \opjs li mctovolmlis =<3



Kríòcm 3< Mspictjs lib ofocoj li bms cbmsis =<3

Kríòcm 39 Jahitovjs li bms mctovolmlis =3?

Kríòcm 30 Lurmc oóf li bms mctovolmlis =3?

Kríòcm 3; Qicursjs utobozmljs if bms mctovolmlis=<5

Kríòcm 3> \opj li mctovolmlis lismrrjbbmlms lurmfti bm cjfvirsmc oóf =<9

Kríòcm 3? Ysj li ricursjs ilucmtovjs lurmfti bm cjfvirsmcoóf =<=

Kríòcm <5 Olojgm utobozmlj pmrm lismrrjbbmr bm mctovolml li cjfvirsmc oóf

=<=

Kríòcm <= Lurmcoóf li bm cjfvirsmcoóf =<1

Kríòcm <1 Mpbocmcoóf li cjftifoljs lurmfti bm cjfvirsmcoóf =<3

Kríòcm <3 Fovib li cjfjcogoiftjs lib ofkbïs li bjs mbugfjs lurmfti bmcjfvirsmcoóf =<3



=

BM OFPIS\OKMCOÓF _ IB OF@JQGI

OF\QJLYCCOÓF8 CÓGJ SYQKI IB IS\YLOJ

Bm ifsiýmfzm lib ofkbïs is li krmf ogpjrtmfcom if Ispmým" ljfli ixosti ufmkrmf prijcupmcoóf pjr bm mlquosocoóf li bms cjgpitifcoms bofkòçstocmsficismroms pmrm lisifvjbvirsi mlicumlmgifti if uf guflj kbjamb if ibcumb ib ofkbïs si nm bbikmlj m cjfvirtor if bm sikuflm bifkum gís

oftirfmcojfmb Istm prijcupmcoóf cjgoifzm m ixtiflirsi nmcom jtrjs olojgms"pirj ib ofkbïs cjftoføm soiflj ib li gmyjr ligmflm pjr pmrti li `mgoboms yistulomftis li tjljs bjs fovibis" msç cjgj pjr pmrti li prjìsojfmbis li guylostoftjs sic tjris prjìsojfmbis

Istm prijcupmcoóf pjr ib mpriflozmhi lib ofkbïs si guistrm cjf cbmrolml tmftjif bm pjbçtocm ilucmtovm ispmýjbm cjgj if ib mfíbosos lib cjftixtj `mgobomr ypirsjfmb Lisli ib cjftixtj li bm pjbçtocm ilucmtovm ispmýjbm ricjkigjslmtjs qui rivibmf bm ogpjrtmfcom qui cmlm viz gís si bi lm m bjs istulojs libifkum ixtrmfhirm if bjs pbmfis li istulojs Lisli bm iscuibm y lisli ib

ígaotj ixtrmiscjbmr si oftiftmf mpjrtmr sjbucojfis lovirsms pmrm cjfsikuor quifuistrjs foýjs" fuistrjs hóvifis y tmgaoïf bjs mlubtjs mpriflmf ofkbïs _ bms`mgoboms ofvoirtif isùirzjs y lofirj if cjfsikuor qui bms kifirmcojfis gís

hóvifis mpriflmf ofkbïs" oftirpritmflj qui tmb cjgpitifcom bofkòçstocm puilij`ricirbis jpjrtufolmlis bmajrmbis y pirsjfmbis if su uturj

If isti cjftixtj fjs ifcjftrmgjs cjf bm ixpiroifcom li @buifcy qui lislinmci lïcmlms voifi utobozmflj su gïtjlj li ifsiýmfzm lib ofkbïs cjf guymbtjs pjrciftmhis li smtos`mccoóf" uf ïxotj qui si ri`bihm if bm mbtm ligmflmqui toifif mbbí ljfli ogpmrtif su `jrgmcoóf



1

Isti trmamhj nm li cjflucor m ufm liscropcoóf ixnmustovm lib gïtjlj y ufmofvistokmcoóf sjari su iòcmcom cjf lmtjs rimbis jatifoljs m trmvïs ligïtjljs coiftçòcjs mvmbmljs pjr ixpirtjs li bm Yfovirsolml li Gurcom Ibnicnj li qui ib istuloj sim rimbozmlj pjr ixpirtjs ixtirfjs li ricjfjcoljpristokoj y cjf gïtjljs coiftçòcjs mvmbmrí tmftj bm virmcolml li bjs lmtjsjatifoljs cjgj su vmboliz

Bm ofvistokmcoóf surki m prjpuistm li bms Mcmligoms @buifcy li ofkbïs cjflostoftms silis if Ispmým y ufm `rmfquocom @buifcy Cjf bjs lmtjs jatifoljs liisti istuloj pjlrí iftiflirsi gihjr ib pjrquï li su ïxotj" si c jgprjamríf bjsmbtjs çflocis li smtos`mccoóf li bjs cboiftis y si mfmbozmríf mbkufjs mspictjslib gïtjlj qui puilmf sir jahitj li gihjrm j pjsoabi rivosoóf pjr pmrti libjs rispjfsmabis" sof quirir cjf ibbj lisvortumr bm fmturmbizm lib gosgj

Umrm ibbj nigjs utobozmlj tïcfocms li ofvistokmcoóf li topj cumftotmtovj y

cumbotmtovj" msç cjgj uf mgpboj iquopj li ofvistokmljris if cmlm ufm li bms`msis lib prjcisj li ivmbumcoóf



3

GI\MS _ JAH I\OPJS LI BM OFPIS\OKMC OÓF

GI\MS .J AH I\OPJ S KIFIQMBIS/

Li `jrgm kifirmb fjs pbmftimgjs cjgj gitms8= Liscroaor ib gïtjlj @buifcy y su ùflmgiftmcoóf tiórocm m pmrtor lib

mfíbosos li tijrçms pilmkókocms" lolíctocm li bm ifsiýmfzm li olojgms"tijrçms psocjbókocms lib mpriflozmhi y gjlibjs lolíctocjs li mpbocmc oófif fuistrj cjftixtj

1 Ivmbumr bm iòcmcom lib gïtjlj @buifcy mpjrtmflj lmtjs quiliguistrif c oiftç ocmgifti su vmbjr lolíctocj

3 Ibmajrmr uf of`jrgi li ricjgiflmcojfis li gihjrm pmrm bjsrispjfsmabis li @buifcy m pmrtor li bjs lmtjs y cjfcbusojfis jatifolms

JAH I\OPJS ISUICÇ@OCJS

Li `jrgm gís cjfcritm" isti istuloj si pbmftim bjs sokuoiftis jahitovjs ifribmcoóf m cmlm ufm li bms gitms liòfolms8

= Liscroaor ib gïtjlj @buifcy y su ùflmgiftmcoóf tiórocm m pmrtor libmfíbosos li tijrçms sjari bm ifsiýmfzm li olojgms y tijrçms psocjbókocms libmpriflozmhi" msç cjgj mpjyífljfjs if gjlibjs lolíctocjs li mpbocmcoófif fuistrj cjftixtj== Mfmbozmr bjs ùflmgiftjs tiórocjs li lolíctocm li bm ifsiýmfzm li

olojgms=1 Mfmbozmr tijrçms pilmkókocms y bjs lovirsjs gjlibjs lolíctocjs

vokiftis if bm ifsiýmfzm mctumb .ifsiýmfzm pjr cjgpitifcoms"tijrçms ofcbusovms" lo irifcoms li kïfirj" ivmbumc oóf mutïftocm/

=3 Mfmbozmr bms lovirsms tijrçms lib mpriflozmhi=< Liscroaor ib gïtjlj @buifcy if ribmcoóf m bms tijrçms cotmlms y

mfmbozmr quï mspictjs li bms gosgms si ri`bihmf if ïb

1 Ivmbumr bm iòcmcom lib gïtjlj @buifcy mpjrtmflj lmtjs qui liguistrif

coiftç ocmgifti su pjsoabi vmbjr lolíc tocj1= Qicjkir y mfmbozmr bjs lmtjs bjfkotulofmbis qui mpjrtm @buifcy

Mfmbozmrigjs bjs lmtjs li prjkrisj y bms tmsms li ïxotj pmrm ivmbumrbm iòcmcom lib gïtjlj if bjs øbtogjs =5 mýjs" msç cjgj ib rotgj limpriflozmhi" loìrifcomflj cjgj crotiroj li mfíbosos" iftri jtrjs" bjsloìriftis ciftrjs ljfli sokuif ib gïtjlj @buifcy

11 Mfmbozmr bjs lmtjs if ùfcoóf li bms loìrifcoms li kïfirj pmrmcjgprjamr so si nmf prjlucolj j fj

13 Qicjkir y mfmbozmr of`jrgmcoóf lib prjìsjrmlj if ribmcoóf cjf suixpiroifcom" msç cjgj vmbjrmr su jpofoóf lib gïtjlj m trmvïs li

tïcfocms li ofvistokmcoóf tmftj cumftotmtovms cjgj cumbotmtovms



<

1< Qicjkir y mfmbozmr bm jpofoóf li bms `mgoboms m trmvïs li tïcfocms liofvistokmcoóf li ifcuistm pmrm pjlir vmbjrmr su krmlj lismtos`mccoóf cjf ib gïtjlj Bm ifcuistm sirí cjgpbigiftmlm cjflmtjs jatifoljs m trmvïs li tïcfocms cumbotmtovms

19 Qicjkir y mfmbozmr bm jpofoóf li bjs mbugfjs li lostoftms ilmlispmrm ivmbumr su ixpiroifcom cjf ib gïtjlj @buifcy" istulomflj li`jrgm ispicombgifti sokfo ocmtovm bm ribmcoóf li bjs risubtmljs cjf ibtoigpj lilocmlj mb mpriflozmhi mutófjgj if ib njkmr

10 Mpbocmr pruiams qui fjs pirgotmf jasirvmr y cirtoòcmr bm iòcmcomlib gïtjlj if ufm guistrm rilucolm li mbugfjs ibikolm mb mzmr ypjr istrmtjs li iftri tjljs bjs mbugfjs li @buifcy

3 Ibmajrmr uf of`jrgi li ricjgiflmcojfis li gihjrm pmrm bjs rispjfsmabisli @buifcy m pmrtor li bjs lmtjs y cjfc busojfis jatifolms

3= Urisiftmr uf of`jrgi liscroptovj li bm gitjljbjkçm" bjs lmtjsjatifoljs y su mfíbosos

31 Urisiftmr uf of`jrgi cjf cjfcbusojfis sjari bm iòcmcom lib gïtjlj@buifcy

33 Urisiftmr uf of`jrgi cjf ricjgiflmcojfis li gihjrm sjari ibgïtjlj m pmrtor li bjs lmtjs jatifoljs if fuistrj istuloj



9

GI\JLJBJKÇM LI OFPIS\OKMC OÓF

Umrm cjfsikuor tjljs istjs jahitovjs is ficismroj liscroaor cógj vmgjs mprjcilir y uf crjfjkrmgm pricosj li trmamhj Umrm ibbj vmgjs m ixpbocmr quï

tmrims bbivmrigjs m cmaj y bjs pbmzjs li mctumcoófIb gïtjlj li ofvistokmcoóf m ogpbigiftmr si amsmrí if ib usj li tïcfocmstmftj cumftotmtovms cjgj cumbotmtovms lisli uf if`jqui gubtoloscopbofmr y if ibgmrcj li uf topj li ofvistokmcoóf liscroptovm y ivmbumtovm

Liscroaogjs ib prjcilogoiftj li ofvistokmcoóf if ribmcoóf m lovirsms tmrimsqui nigjs mkrupmlj if 1 `msis

=& UQOGIQM @MSI

\MQIM 58 I]YOUJ LI \QMAMH J

Umrm bbivmr m c maj istm ofvistokmcoóf nm solj ficismroj cjftmr cjf uf iquopjli ixpirtjs ofvistokmljris .tjljs ibbjs li bm Yfovirsolml li Gurcom/ qui nmfcjbmajrmlj if bms tmrims li ricjkolm li of`jrgmcoóf" li mfíbosos li lmtjs yli ibmajrmcoóf li of`jrgis

Yfm viz mciptmlm bm prjpuistm pjr pmrti li @buifcy y `jrgmbozmlj ibcjftrmtj" fuistrm progirm `msi li trmamhj cjfsostoó if cjf`jrgmr isti iquopjcjf bm cjrrispjfloifti msokfmcoóf li tmrims y ùfcojfis m cmlm goigarj libgosgj" ùfcojfis qui siríf liòfolms sikøf uf crjfjkrmgm pricosj li tmrimsm rimbozmr qui pmsmgjs m liscroaor

Ib iquopj li trmamhj si nm jrkmfozmlj cjf ufm lovosoóf li tmrims iftri bjsgoigarjs lib Krupj li Ofvistokmcoóf li \icfjbjkçm Ilucmtovm y ufm ixpirtmif ifsiýmfzm li olojgms

\MQIM =8 LI@OFOC OÓF LIB CJF\I^\J LI \QMAMH J

Ficisotmgjs cjfjcir cjf pricosoóf ib gïtjlj @buifcy" li quï gjlj si

mpbocm y cógj si lismrrjbbm if su cjftixtj rimb Umrm ibbj si nmf utobozmljtïcfocms li ofvistokmcoóf cumbotmtovms y li mfíbosos ljcugiftmb

If progir bukmr" si rimbozmrjf vosotms m bjs ciftrjs @buifcy if bms cumbisricmamgjs of`jrgmcoóf ofocomb lib gïtjlj @buifcy m trmvïs li tïcfocms lijasirvmcoóf y m trmvïs li iftrivostms .m rispjfsmabis" prjìsjrmlj y mbugfjs/

If bm pjabmcoóf li istuloj si ofcbuyó tmftj m bms Mcmligoms @buifcy cjgjjtrjs ciftrjs'cboiftis li bm igprism .pi" ciftrjs iscjbmris ljfli si trmamhmcjf isti gïtjlj if sus mctovolmlis ixtrmiscjbmris j aoif ciftrjs

`rmfquocomljs/



0

Mligís si mfmbozó tjlm bm ljcugiftmc oóf ricjkolm sjari ib gïtjlj @buifcypmrm pjlir pjfirbm if ribmcoóf cjf bms lovirsms tijrçms psocjbókocms ypilmkókocms qui fjs pirgotoisif hustoòcmr bjs prjcilogoiftjs li @buifcylisli uf gmrcj tiórocj

Ib prjluctj òfmb li istm tmrim ùi uf ljcugiftj cjf ib cumb si cuaroó bmprogirm gitm risiýmlm

Ib crjfjkrmgm ùi8

='=9 H ufoj 15== @jrgmc oóf lib iquopj li trmamhj=9 H ufoj m H uboj15==

Posotms m @buifcy y ricjkolm li of`jrgmcoófpribogofmr li bjs mkiftis qui oftirvoifif if ibgïtjlj

Siptoigari'Jctuari 15==

Mfíbosos li lmtjs jatifoljs if bms vosotms y mfíbososljcugiftmb li bm of`jrgmcoóf sjari ib gïtjlj

Fjvoigari 15== Ibmajrmc oóf lib Of`jrgi OfocombLocoigari 15== Iftrikm y Urisiftmcoóf lib Of`jrgi Ofocomb

@icnm òfmb li bm tmrim = y prisiftmc oóf lib Of`jrgi Ofocomb8 Locoigari li 15==

\jlj istj si bbivó m cmaj tmb y cjgj istmam losiýmlj Bjs cjjrlofmljrisrimbozmgjs vmroms vosotms y riufojfis if bjs ciftrjs @buifcy Si rimbozó bmaøsquilm ljcugiftmb y si iftrikó ib of`jrgi pribogofmr

1& SIKYFLM @MSI

\MQIM 18 OFS\QYGIF\JS _ QICJKOLM LI OF@JQGMC OÓF

Bm tmrim 1" if ribmcoóf cjf bm sikuflm gitm liòfolm mftirojrgifti" ofcbuçmufm sicuifcom li mc tovolmlis qui liscroaogjs m cjftofumcoóf

1= Losiýmr" prjlucor y vmbolmr bjs ofstrugiftjs li ricjkolm li of`jrgmcoóf"tmftj c umftotmtovjs cjgj cumbotmtovjs8

' òcnms li mfíbosos li lmtjs y njhms li cíbcubj' kuojfis li iftrivostms

' cuistojfmrojs' pruiams li fovib qui c jgpbigiftif bjs lmtjs li @buifcy

11 Qicjkolm li of`jrgmcoóf bjfkotulofmb ribmtovm m bjs lmtjs li @buifcy sjarisu mbugfmlj if bjs øbtogjs =5 mýjs

13 Qicjkolm li of`jrgmcoóf lorictm lib mbugfmlj ribmtovm m sus prjkrisjs yribmtovm m su krmlj li smtos`mccoóf Umrm ibbj si nmf usmlj tïcfocmscumftotmtovms y cumbotmtovms qui si nmf mpbocmlj m ufm guistrm istrmto ocmlm



;

1< Qicjkolm li of`jrgmcoóf lib prjìsjrmlj .cumbotmtovm y cumftotmtovm/ofcbuyiflj guistrms riprisiftmtovms tmftj li bms Mcmligoms cjgj li jtrjscboiftis

19 Qicjkolm li of`jrgmcoóf li bms `mgoboms utobozmflj tïcfocms cumftotmtovms

sjari ufm guistrm riprisiftmtovm li tjlm bm pjabmcoóf y li tjljs bjs ciftrjsif bjs cumbis si mpbocm ib gïtjlj @buifcy

Umrm bbivmr m cmaj istm tmrim 1privogjs ib sokuoifti crjfjkrmgm qui tmgaoïfsi nm cugpbolj rokurjsmgifti

Locoigari 15== Losiýj" prjluccoóf y vmbolmcoóf li bjsofstrugiftjs .suatmrim 1=/

Ifirj m Gmrzj 15=1 Qicjkolm li of`jrgmcoóf .suatmrims 11 m 19/

Cjgj risubtmlj li istm tmrim" mb òfmbozmr isti pirojlj" ib iquopj li

ofvistokmcoóf pulj lospjfir li tjlj ib cjfhuftj li lmtjs ficismrojs pmrmpjlir mfmbozmr bm iòcmcom lib gïtjlj @buifcy msç cjgj ib krmlj lismtos`mccoóf li bjs cboiftis .`mgoboms y mbugfjs/ y li bjs pmrtocopmftis.prjìsjrmlj y rispjfsmabis/

\MQIM 38 MFÍBOSOS LI LM\JS

Mfíbosos li bm of`jrgmcoóf ricjkolm if bm tmrim 3 pmrm pjlir lmr rispuistm mbjahitovj kifirmb 1 qui nigjs liòfolj

Marob m H ufoj li 15=1 Mfíbosos li bm of`jrgmcoóf ricjkolmIf istm `msi li bm ofvistokmcoóf si cjfsoliró bm ficisolml li rimbozmr mbkufmpruiam cjgpbigiftmrom m bjs mbugfjs sikøf bjs lmtjs jatifoljs if bm tmrimmftirojr Msç" si nm rimbozmlj uf ixmgif li fovib pjr pmrti li ixpirtjs ixtirfjsqui" mufqui cjf ivoliftis prjabigms m bm njrm li bm ricjkolm li lmtjs"nigjs mýmlolj mb prisifti of`jrgi" pjrqui cjfsolirmgjs qui puili siroftirismfti y puili qui mpjrtmr buz sjari bjs fovibis rimbis li mpriflozmhi libjs mbugfjs li @buifcy jatoifif mb ofmbozmr su ilucmc oóf if bms mcmligoms

\MQIM <8 OF@JQGI _ UQISIF\MC OÓF

Ibmajrmcoóf lib of`jrgi y prisiftmc oóf m bjs rispjfsmabis li @buifcy

Ib of`jrgi ofcbuyi8

' bm ùflmgiftmc oóf tiórocm' bm liscropc oóf lib gïtjlj li ofvistokmcoóf' ib mfíbosos li lmtjs' bms cjfc busojfis' ricjgiflmcojfis li gihjrm



>

Istm tmrim òfmbozm ib 3= li H uboj li 15=1" ìcnm li iftrikm lib prisiftiof`jrgi

9 QISYGIF LIB UQJC ILOGOIF\J _ C QJFJ KQMGM LI \QMAMH J

Ofcbuogjs m cjftofumcoóf ufm tmabm if bm cumb si risugif tjlj fuistrjprjcisj li trmamhj liòfolj m pmrtor li gitms y jahitovjs y mhustmlj m ufcrjfjkrmgm li tmrims privostms

JahitovjsKifirmbis

JahitovjsIspicç ocjs

\mrims Qisubtmljsprivostjs

Crjfjkrmgm

Uribogofmr \5 Jrkmfozmr ibiquopj liofvistokmcoóf

Li oforùfcojfis

Q= Jrkmfokrmgmlib iquopj

H ufoj

1 5 = = 8 U Q O GI Q M

@ M S I

JK=

Liscroaor ibgïtjlj @buifcyy suùflmgiftmcoóftiórocm

JI ==

Ifsiýmfzm liolojgms

\= Posotms @buifcy

Qicjkolmliljcugiftmcoóf

Qivosoóftiórocm

Q1 Of`jrgi Ofocomb H ufoj'

LocoigariJI =1 GjlibjslolíctocjsJI =3 \ijrçmslib mpriflozmhiJI =< Mfíbosos G@buifcy

JK1Ivmbumr iòcmcomGïtjlj @buifcy

JI 1= Istulojbjfkotulofmb

\1 Losiýj yvmbolmcoófOfstrugiftjs

Q3 Ofstrugiftjsvmbolmljs

Locoigari

JI 11 KïfirjJI 13

UrjìsjrmljJI 1< @mgoboms Qicjkolmof`jrgmcoóf

Q< Cjbiccoóf lilmtjs ricjkoljs

Ifirj'Gmrzj

1 5 = 1 8 S I K YFLM

@ &

JI 19 MbugfjsJI 10 Uruiamscjgpitifcom

JK3Of`jrgi òfmb

JI 3= Mfíbososkbjamb lmtjs

\3 Mfíbosos lilmtjs

Q9 Of`jrgicjgpbitj .ifsjpjrti

ogprisj ylokotmb/

Urisiftmcoófvosumb'risugif

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JI 31Cjfcbusojfis

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Lo usoófrisubtmljs

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3= li H uboj@OF

JI 3< Lo usoóf

\mabm= Crjfjkrmgm li trmamhj



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CJFLOCOJFIS UMQM BM LO@YSOÓF _ UQJUOILMLOF\IBIC\YMB LIB GM\IQOMB QISYB\MLJ LI IS\M

OFPIS\OKMCOÓFBjs ofvistokmljris nmf msugolj uf cjgprjgosj li cjfòlifc ombolml cjf bmigprism cjftrmtmfti if ribmcoóf cjf tjljs bjs lmtjs y risubtmljs li istitrmamhj Fj jastmfti" si iftoifli qui ib cjgprjgosj li cjfòlifcombolml fjmìctm m bm of`jrgmcoóf ricjkolm if ib gmrcj tiórocj j m bjs ofstrugiftjs liricjkolm li of`jrgmcoóf .cuistojfmrojs y òcnms li jasirvmcoóf/" qui pjlrífsir utobozmljs if jtrj cjftixtj li ofvistokmcoóf so si cjfsolirmsif øtobis y sofofcbuor if fofkøf cmsj ibigiftjs li oliftolml cjrpjrmtovm li bm igprism@buifcy

\mftj bm igprism cjftrmtmfti @buifcy cjgj ib iquopj li ofvistokmcoófcjftrmtmlj si cjgprjgitif m qui cumbquoir usj j loùsoóf li bm of`jrgmcoófcjftifolm if isti of`jrgi sirí cjfsiftolj li `jrgm ixprism pjr mgamspmrtis



==

IB GÏ\JLJ @BYIFC_8 SYS\IF\J

\IÓQOCJ _ GM\IQOMBIS OGUQISJS

GMQCJ \IÓQOCJ

=& OF\QJLYCCOÓF

If bm sjc oilml mctumb si iscroai y si nmabm if ofkbïs Fmloi si mtrivi m loscutorqui fjs ifcjftrmgjs if uf gjgiftj if ib qui ljgofmr bm bifkum ofkbism nmpmsmlj li sir ufm viftmhm m sir uf riquosotj gçfogj" fj sóbj pmrm ib mccisj mbguflj bmajrmb sofj tmgaoïf y lisli bm bbikmlm m Ispmým lib Ispmcoj Iurjpijli Ilucmcoóf Supirojr pmrm mccilir m bjs istulojs ufovirsotmrojs tmftj likrmlj cjgj li pjstkrmlj Lmflj uf pmsj gís" fuistrj sostigm ilucmtovjmctumb ym fj si iscroai if tjrfj m jahitovjs y cjftifoljs sjari bifkum ofkbism"njy if lçm nmabmgjs li sir cjgpitifti bofkòçstocmgifti Iftri bms jcnjcjgpitifcoms aísocms qui ib sostigm ilucmtovj ispmýjb riquoiri li sus

mbugfjs ufm viz qui istjs tirgofif bm Ifsiýmfzm Sicuflmrom Jabokmtjromifcjftrmgjs bm cjgpitifcom bofkòçstocm Bm cjgpitifcom if cjgufocmcoófbofkòçstocm si ri`oiri m bm utobozmcoóf lib bifkumhi cjgj ofstrugiftj tmftj licjgufocmcoóf jrmb y iscrotm cjgj li mpriflozmhi y li rikubmcoóf licjfluctms y igjcojfis Bm cjgufocmcoóf if bifkums ixtrmfhirms ixokitmgaoïf pjsiir cmpmcolmlis tmbis cjgj bm gilomcoóf y bm cjgprifsoófoftircubturmb .BJI" 1550/ Bm ifsiýmfzm ufovirsotmrom tmgpjcj quilm mb gmrkifli istm sotumcoóf" ym qui mligís li ixokor pmrm mccilir m sus istulojs.profcopmbgifti li pjstkrmlj/ lo`iriftis fovibis li ofkbïs" bm gmyjrçm liufovirsolmlis ispmýjbis toifif iftri bms cjgpitifcoms trmfsvirsmbis qui

prjguivif iftri sus istulomftis y qui pjr sir trmfsvirsmbis nmf li trmamhmrsiif tjlms bms totubmcojfis bm cjgpitifcom if bifkum ofkbism



=1

Umrtoiflj li bm ficisolml rimb if bm qui fuistrm sjcoilml fjs ixoki sircjgpitiftis if bm bifkum ofkbism pmrm pjlir sir goigarjs mctovjs li bmgosgm jasirvmgjs cjf risokfmcoóf" cjstugari y nmstm mpmtçm qui ib sostigmilucmtovj mctumb fj rispjfli m locnms ficisolmlis Is ufm rimbolml qui bjsispmýjbis fjs pmsmgjs tjlm bm volm istulomflj ofkbïs .Iurjrisoliftis" 15594Ofix" 15=5/ y bjs risubtmljs fj sjf fo gucnj gifjs prjpjrcojfmbis mb isùirzj ytoigpj igpbimlj

If ib sokuoifti of`jrgi rimbozmgjs ufm mprjxogmcoóf lisli ib puftj li vostmtiórocj m bms loìriftis tijrçms lib mpriflozmhi lib ofkbïs" mnjflmrigjs if bjsprofcopmbis gïtjljs li ifsiýmfzm lib gosgj" cjftixtumbozmrigjs bm sotumcoófrimb if bj qui rispictm mb ofkbïs if bm si ifcuiftrmf bjs istulomftis ispmýjbis"cjf bm òfmbolml profcopmb li pbmftimr y cjfciptumbozmr tiórocmgifti ufgïtjlj li ifsiýmfzm lib ofkbïs qui istí gjstrmflj risubtmljs iftri susistulomftis Bm sjcoilml bj ligmflm" bjs istulomftis bj ficisotmf8 is ibgjgiftj li supirmr ib ºquï istmgjs nmcoiflj gmb: pmrm bbikmr mb ºcógjpjligjs nmcirbj aoif:

1& \IJQÇMS LIB MUQIFLOXMHI _ MUQIFLOXMHI LIBOFKBÏS&

If ib sokuoifti mpmrtmlj vmgjs m cjftixtumbozmr fuistrm ofvistokmcoófmprjxogífljfjs m bms loìriftis tijrçms psocjbókocms sjari ib mpriflozmhi quifjs pirgotoríf jatifir uf gmrcj kifirmb if tjrfj mb cumb jrkmfozmr bjs

loìriftis gjlibjs y gïtjljs ixostiftis sjari bm ifsiýmfzm lib ofkbïs

Liftrj li bm psocjbjkçm y cjfcritmgifti if bm psocjbjkçm li bm Ilucmcoóf" ibmpriflozmhi is ufj li bjs tigms li gmyjr riboivi ym qui fj jbvoligjs qui bmmc tovolml ùflmgiftmb li bm iscuibm is j`ricir myulm mb mbugfmlj pmrm quimpriflmf li ufm gmfirm iòcmz .Smgpmscumb" 155=/

\ifoiflj if cuiftm bm lo ocubtml li cjgpriflir ib mpriflozmhi" liaolj m sujgfoprisifcom" mutjgmtocolml y lofmgocolml" prisiftmgjs m cjftofumcoófufm siroi li cmrmctirçstocms ogpjrtmftis li locnj tïrgofj qui fjs myulmríf m

siftmr bms amsis pmrm ufm pjsoabi liòfocoóf8' ‒Bm gmyjr pmrti li bms cjfluctms sjf mpriflolms' Ib mpriflozmhi is uf lospjsotovj aojbókocj cjf bm ùfcoóf profcopmb li

mlmptmcoóf' Si mprifli lurmfti tjlm bm volm' Ib mpriflozmhi is mcugubmtovj i orrivirsoabi' Ib mpriflozmhi ùfcojfm krmcoms m uf cjfhuftj mgpboj li cmpmcolmlis

nugmfms' Nmy gucnj topjs li mpriflozmhi

' Cmlm viz sjf gís cjgpbihms bms cjflocojfis j sotumcojfis if bms qui iboflovoluj mprifli‗ .Qjgirj" 15=5" <'9/



=3

Umrtoiflj li ufm vosoóf oftikrmljrm y mctumb pjligjs liòfor ib mpriflozmhicjgj ufm prjpoilml li bm mctovolml giftmb qui prjluci if ib jrkmfosgj ibrisubtmlj li cmgaomr j gjloòcmr su sostigm cjkfotovj" ym sim if suscjftifoljs .cjfjcogoiftjs j nmaobolmlis/ j if bm ùfcojfmbolml li susprjcisjs" y cjf ibbj su cjgpjrtmgoiftj jasirvmabi .Qjgirj" 15=5/ Istjscmgaojs sjf ribmtovmgifti pirgmfiftis y jcurrif cjgj cjfsicuifcom licjflocojfis li príctocm y li ixpiroifcom If istm gosgm bçfim lipifsmgoiftj" Smgpmscumb .155=/ mòrgm qui bms tris cmrmctirçstocmsùflmgiftmbis lib mpriflozmhi sjf qui si prjluci uf ‒cmgaoj" qui liai sirrisubtmlj li bm ixpiroifcom" y qui liai sir ribmtovmgifti pirgmfifti‗ .;9/Gosgm pjsturm gmftoifi Gmyir .15=5/ mb cjfsolirmr qui ib mpriflozmhi nmciriìrifcom ‒m cmgaojs lurmlirjs if ib cjfjcogoiftj lib mbugfj" cumfljlocnjs cmgaojs si liaif m bm ixpiroifcom‗" is licor" is ‒uf cmgaojribmtovmgifti pirgmfifti if ib cjfjcogoiftj li ufm pirsjfm" amsmlj if bm

ixpiroifcom li locnm pirsjfm‗ .35/

Umrtoiflj pjr tmftj li bms mpjrtmcojfis mftirojris .Smgpmscumb" 155=4 Qjgirj"15=54 Gmyir" 15=5/" iftifligjs ib mpriflozmhi cjgj8

@okurm = Cjfciptj li Mpriflozmhi

Yfm viz cjfciptumbozmlj ib tïrgofj mpriflozmhi is ib gjgiftj li mcircmrfjsm bms ljs krmflis tijrçms y mprjxogmcojfis qui si nmf lmlj liftrj li bmpsocjbjkçm c oiftç ocm m bm njrm li majrlmr ib gosgj8 bms tijrçms cjfluctostms ybms tijrçms cjkfotovms

Umrm ib cjfluctosgj ib jahitj li bm psocjbjkçm liaçm sir ib istuloj li bmcjfluctm .ixtirfm y jasirvmabi/ Li mcuirlj cjf isti pbmftimgoiftj" pmrmbm psocjbjkçm cjfluctostm tjlm bm mctovolml nugmfm si rilucçm m bm cjfluctm"y tjlm istm si ixpbocm if ufcoóf li bms loìriftis msjc omcojfis iftri istçgubjsy rispuistms Bjs prjcisjs supirojris giftmbis .pifsmgoiftj" pircipcoóf"

bifkumhi" gigjrom/ ùirjf ribikmljs li bm ofvistokmcoóf psocjbókocm pjrqui

Mpriflozmhi" Cm

gaojs

lurmlirjs" ixpi

roifcom

Urjcisjs

Cjfjcogoiftjs

Lurmlirj

Nmaobolmlis



=<

istjs prjcisjs fj puilif sir ixtirfmgifti jasirvmljs y pjrqui fj sjfcjfsolirmljs ficismrojs pmrm cjgpriflir y ixpbocmr bm cjfluctm

Gmuro" Okbisoms" Cjrrim y jtrjs .155=/ risugif ib cjfluctosgj cjgj ufm tijrçmamsmlm if ib mpriflozmhi li istçgubj'rispuistm y msjcomlm cjf bjs cmgaojs

lib suhitj cjgj risubtmlj li bm ixpiroifcom Ixoki pricosoóf if bm ifsiýmfzm"if bjs jahitovjs" if bms tïcfocms utobozmlms" nmaobolmlis" prjcilogoiftjs ysotumcojfis qui cjflucorçmf mb mpriflozmhi lisimlj" mb tifir guy if cuiftmib ri`jrzmgoiftjs pjsotovj y ivotmr if bj pjsoabi ib cmstokj

Liftrj lib cjfluctosgj mpmricif bms tijrçms I'Q .istçgubj'rispuistm/" qui

cjofcolif if oftirpritmr ib mpriflozmhi cjgj ib risubtmlj li ufm siroi limsjcomcojfis iftri bjs istçgubjs y bms rispuistms" pjr bj qui tjlj mpriflozmhi siriluci m uf prjcisj li cjflocojfmgoiftj" lovololj if ljs cmtikjrçmsprofcopmbis8 ib cjflocojfmgoiftj c bísocj y ib cjflocojfmgoiftj jpirmfti

Cjfcritmgifti" m bm njrm li mpbocmr ib cjfluctosgj m bm ifsiýmfzm pjligjsifcjftrmr pjr uf bmlj gïtjljs pmrm mpriflir j ofcrigiftmr bms cjfluctmslisimlms" y pjr jtrj bmlj" mquibbjs qui sjf utobozmljs pmrm suprogor j ibogofmrbms cjfluctms fj lisimlms

Iftri bjs gïtjljs pmrm ofcrigiftmr ufm cjfluctm lisimlm pjligjslistmcmr8

Urofcopoj liUrigmrd Gjblimgoiftj

Icjfjgçm liocnms

Cjftrmtjs licjftofkifcom jmpriflozmhi

Yfm cjfluctmcjf mbtm`ricuifcom limpmrocoóf isutobozmlm pmrmri`jrzmr ufm

cjfluctm cjfamhm `ricuifcomli mpmrocoóf

Si ri`uirzmfcjfluctms quisi pmricif m bmlisimlm nmstmcjfsikuor qui ibmbugfj rimboci bm

cjfluctmjahitovj

Bjs ri`jrzmljrissjf `ocnms jpuftjs qui sipuilif cmfhimrpjr ricjgpifsms

Sjf cjftrmtjsmciptmljs pjrljs pirsjfms8ufm li ibbms sicjgprjgiti mmctumr li ufm

gmfirm y bm jtrmm ricjgpifsmrlocnm mctumcoóf

\mabm1 Gïtjljs cjfluctostms pmrm ofcrigiftmr cjfluctms lisimlms

Ujr jtrm pmrti" iftri bjs gïtjljs pmrm suprogor j ibogofmr ufm cjfluctm fjlisimlm" pjligjs listmcmr8



=9

Ixtofcoóf

Qi jrzmgoiftj licjfluctmsofcjgpmtoabis Cmstokj pjsotovj

Cmstokjfikmtovj

Si trmtm lioliftoòcmr quï

is bj quiriùirzm bmcjfluctm quiquirigjsgjloòcmr yritormrbj

Cjfsosti if mosbmrbm cjfluctm fj

lisimlm y`mvjricir iblismrrjbbj li jtrmu jtrms qui simfofcjgpmtoabiscjf ibbm

Si trmtm limlgofostrmr uf

istçgubj mvirsovjcumflj siprjluci ufmcjfluctm fjlisimlm

Si trmtm liritormr uf

istçgubj pjsotovjtrms bm igosoófli ufmcjfluctm fjlisimlm

\mabm3 Gïtjljs cjfluctostms pmrm suprogor cjfluctms fj lisimlms

If bj qui rispictm pjr tmftj mb mpriflozmhi lib ofkbïs" sikøf bm tijrçmcjfluctostm" bjs pmtrjfis ficisotmrçmf sir ixmkirmlmgifti mprifloljs j

riotirmljs nmstm cjfvirtorbjs if níaotjs ofcjfscoiftis" sof tjgmr if cuiftm ibsokfoòcmlj .Gmuro" Okbisoms" Cjrrim y jtrjs" 155=/ Bm príctocm jrmb istmrçmlorokolm mb mpriflozmhi li bm `jrgm y si pritifli bjkrmr m tjlm cjstm ufmprjfufcomcoóf pirìctm Ib istuloj y cjfjcogoiftj li bm krmgítocm istmrçmprjnoaolj j sirçm gçfogj y si ivotmrçmf bms ixpbocmcojfis krmgmtocmbis m `mvjrlib trmamhj jrmb

Bm jtrm li bms krmflis cjrroiftis m bm njrm li mprjxogmrsi mb cjfjcogoiftj libjs prjcisjs li mpriflozmhi is ib cjkfotovosgj Bm psocjbjkçm cjkfotovm ricupirmbm gifti cjgj prjtmkjfostm li bm mc tovolml psocjbókocm " ib pmpib lib suhitj is

mctovj" puis is ïb ib qui" m pmrtor li bm of`jrgmcoóf qui bi mpjrtmf bjsriciptjris sifsjrombis" cjfstruyi i oftirpritm locnm of`jrgmcoóf y" gilomftiufms istructurms y prjcisjs oftirfjs" pbmfoòcm" ihicutm y cjftrjbm bmsrispuistms Sikøf Smgpmscumb .155=" ></ bms psocjbjkçm cjkfotovm8

‒cjfcoai m bjs oflovolujs cjgj suhitjs mctovjs" cjfstructovjs ypbmfoòcmljrisistulom bm mctovolml nugmfm lisli ib if`jqui lib prjcismgoiftj li bmof`jrgmc oóf ./ciftrm su oftirïs if bjs prjcisjs giftmbis qui suaymc if m bm mctovolml

nugmfm ./pjfi ïf`msos if ib cjfjcogoiftj gís qui if bms rispuistms ./‗

\mb y cjgj mòrgm ib mutjr" bms cjrroiftis cjkfotovms cjfcilif uf pmpibprogjrlomb if ib mpriflozmhi m bjs prjcisjs lib pifsmgoiftj y si prijcupmfpjr bm `jrgm if qui locnjs prjcisjs litirgofmf bm c jfluctm li bjs oflovolujsSikøf ib trmamhj li Gmuro" Okbisoms" Cjrrim y jtrjs .155=/" if istm tijrçmpsocjbókocm cjarmf ogpjrtmfcom ‒bm pmrtocopmcoóf giftmb y mctovm libistulomfti‗

Liftrj lib cjkfotovosgj ifcjftrmgjs ljs cjrroiftis liftrj li bms qui sipuilif mkrupmr loìriftis tijrçms Bm progirm li bms cjrroiftis nmci mbusoóf m



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bms tijrçms lib prjcismgoiftj li bm of`jrgmcoóf" amsmlms if bm mfmbjkçm libjrlifmljr if bm qui gifti si iftoifli cjgj uf cmfmb li trmfsgosoóf liof`jrgmcoóf .ofput$jutput/" cuym mctovolml cjfsosti if ufm siroi li prjcisjsqui jpirmf li gmfirm sucisovm y sicuifcomb8 ricjkolm li of`jrgmcoóf4prjcismgoiftj li of`jrgmcoóf4 mbgmcifmgoiftj li of`jrgmcoóf4ricupirmc oóf li of`jrgmcoóf

Ib cjfstructovosgj is bm sikuflm cjrroifti lirovmlm lib if`jqui cjkfotovostm" ibcumb pmrti li bm rispjfsmaobolml lib suhitj sjari su prjpoj prjcisj limpriflozmhi8 ufm ixpiroifcom pirsjfmb amsmlm if bjs cjfjcogoiftjs privojs" msigihmfzm li ufm cjfstruccoóf ilo ocmlm m pmrtor li sus cogoiftjs Nirfífliz.155>/ softitozm bm olim ciftrmb lib cjfstructovosgj if tjrfj m tris olimsprofcopmbis Bm progirm li ibbms nmci mbusoóf m qui ib mpriflozmhi nugmfj sicjfstruyi Ujr jtrm pmrti si mpuftm m bm olim li qui bm gifti li bms pirsjfmsibmajrm fuivjs cjfjcogoiftjs m pmrtor li bm amsi li ifsiýmfzms mftirojris ypjr øbtogj si pmrti li bm olim li qui ib mpriflozmhi li bjs istulomftis liaisir mctovj" pmrtocopmflj if mctovolmlis if bukmr li pirgmficir li gmfirmpmsovm jasirvmflj bj qui si bis ixpbocm

If bm sokuoifti tmabm softitozmgjs bms profcopmbis tijrçms qui si ifgmrcmfliftrj li cmlm ufm li bms cjrroiftis8

\ijrçms lib prjcismgoiftj li bm of`jrgmcoóf

\ijrçms gubtombgmcïf.Mtdofsjf y Sno `rof" =?0>/

Bm gigjrom y ib mpriflozmhi ogpbocmf ufmsicuifcom li `msi Ib buhj li bm of`jrgmcoóf pmsmpjr tris istructurms j mbgmcifis li gigjrom.sifsjromb" m cjrtj pbmzj" bmrkj pbmzj/ Bjsprjcisjs aísocjs li istm tijrçm sjf8 cjlo ocmcoóf"iftrmlm li bm of`jrgmcoóf if bm gigjrom4mbgmcifmgoiftj" ritifcoóf li bm of`jrgmcoóf mtrmvïs lib toigpj4 ricupirmcoóf" ricupirmr bmof`jrgmcoóf mbgmcifmlm li gmfirm

mutjgítocm j cjf is uirzj

\ijrçm li bjs fovibis liprjcismgoiftj

Bj qui litirgofm ib mbgmcifmgoiftj fj is ibbukmr sofj bm prj`uflolml cjf qui si ibmajrm bmof`jrgmcoóf Bjs mspictjs isifcombis pmrm qui sili mpriflozmhi sjf8 fovib li oftifcojfmbolml4krmlj li mtifcoóf y mfíbosos4 fmturmbizm li bmtmrim4 toigpj lilocmlj mb mpriflozmhi



=;

\ijrçm li bjs isquigms Ib mpriflozmhi si liai m bm crimcoóf liisquigms" istructurms li lmtjs qui riprisiftmfbjs cjfciptjs kifïrocjs mbgmcifmljs if bmgigjrom .Qugibnmrt" =?>5/ Bjs isquigms

puilif sir vosumbis" sotumcojfmbis" sjcombis lipirsjfms" rjbis" ofstotucojfis" ribmcojfisoftirpirsjfmbis" mutjcjfciptj" kïfirj"fmrrmcoóf" cjfvirsmcoóf" ljgofoj j li tijrçmogpbçcotms Si cjfstruyif gilomfti bm cmptmcoófli bms rikubmrolmlis if bms sotumcojfis"cjgpjrtmgoiftjs i olims qui bms pirsjfmspircoaif if su iftjrfj Bjs isquigms of buyif ifbm cjgprifsoóf Si cjgprifli gihjr uf

cjfciptj cumflj bms pirsjfms cuiftmf cjfisquigms privojs ribmtovjs m ïsti" j cumflj bmof`jrgmcoóf qui si prisiftm istí aoifistructurmlm Ujr jtrj bmlj" bm gigjrom tmgaoïfistí of`buolm pjr bjs isquigms puistj qui siricuirlm guy aoif bm of`jrgmcoóf cjfkruifticjf ib isquigm y si ricjfjci guy aoif bmof`jrgmcoóf ofcjfkruifti cjf ib isquigm

\ijrçm li bjs gjlibjsgiftmbis

Bjs gjlibjs giftmbis sjf riprisiftmcojfisiposólocms qui ofcbuyif pirsjfms" jahitjs ysucisjs ifgmrcmljs if ufjs pmrígitrjsispmcombis" tigpjrmbis" oftifcojfmbis y cmusmbisguy sogobmris m bjs utobozmljs pmrm cjloòcmrsotumcojfis rimbis

\ijrçm li Kmkfï Ixpbocm cógj si lm ib cmgaoj cjfciptumb y ibprjcisj li mbgmcifmgoiftj y ricupirmcoóf li

bm of`jrgmcoóf" liòfoiflj bms lostoftms `msis8gjtovmcoóf" cjgprifsoóf" mlquosocoóf" ritifcoóf"ricuirlj" kifirmbozmcoóf" ihicucoóf yritrjmbogiftmcoóf4 y prjcisjs8 ixpictmtovms"mtifcoóf" co`rmlj" mbgmcifmgoiftj if bmgigjrom" ricupirmcoóf" trmfsìrifcom" rispuistmy `jrtmbicogoiftj



=>

\ijrçms cjfstructovostms

Gjlibj li

ipostigjbjkçm kifïtocmli H imf Uomkit

Ib cjfjcogoiftj supjfi bm mctumcoóf m fovib

`çsocj j giftmb sjari bjs jahitjs lib giloj" pjr bjtmftj ib cjfjcogoiftj si cjfstruyi m trmvïs li bmixpiroifcom bm cumb lm bukmr m bm crimcoóf liisquigms .cjfhuftj istructurmlj licmrmctirçstocms kifirmbozmabis li bm mccoóf/ mb sirmpbocmlm m sotumcojfis loìriftis Istjsisquigms vmf cmgaomflj" ivjbucojfmflj yvjbvoïfljsi gís sjòstocmljs krmcoms m bmiquoboarmcoóf.prjcisj qui pirgoti bm mlmptmcoóflib oflovoluj mb giloj/ qui cjfbbivm ljsprjcisjs cjgpbigiftmrojs8

' Msogobmcoóf8 ofcjrpjrmcoóf li bm of`jrgmcoófprjvifoifti lib giloj m bms istructurmscjfciptumbis j isquigms

' Mcjgjlmcoóf8 mhusti j gjloòcmcoóf li bjsisquigms j istructurms cjkfotovms m bmscmrmctirçstocms pmrtocubmris li bjs ibigiftjs quisi msogobmf

Gjlibj li mpriflozmhisjc ojcubturmb Pykjtsdy

Bjs profcopojs ùflmgiftmbis lib cjfstructovosgjsjcomb sjf8

' Bms ribmcojfis sjcombis if ib iscifmroj cubturmblitirgofmf bm istructurm y ib lismrrjbbjpsocjbókocj lib oflovoluj

' Ib lismrrjbbj y ib mpriflozmhi prisupjfif uf

cjftixtj sjcomb y uf prjcisj li oftirmccoóf liboflovoluj cjf jtrms pirsjfms qui bi pirgotifoftirojrozmr bms pmutms cubturmbis

' Ib lismrrjbbj cjfsosti if uf prjcisj lioftirfmbozmcoóf .ricjfstruccoóf oftirfm li bmjpirmcoóf ixtirfm/

' Lismrrjbbj y mpriflozmhi sjf oftirlipifloiftis8bm ofstruccoóf liai pricilir mb lismrrjbbj



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Mpriflozmhi pjrliscuarogoiftj H irjgiArufir

Sikøf istm tijrçm" ib mpriflozmhi liai li sirofluctovj4 ib prjìsjr liai myulmr y lorokor ibprjcisj li liscuarogoiftj4 bjs mbugfjs toififqui mpriflir m liscuaror pjr sç gosgjs" li

gmfirm qui si lismrrjbbi bm cmpmcolml limpriflir y li pifsmr

Mpriflozmhi sokfoòcmtovjMusuaib

Cjfsosti if msogobmr j oftikrmr ib gmtiromb mmpriflir if bms rilis li cjfciptjs jrlifmljs

hirírquocmgifti qui ym si pjsiif Si prjlucicumflj ib mbugfj ribmcojfm bm fuivmof`jrgmcoóf cjf bjs cjfjcogoiftjs privojsmbgmcifmljs if su istructurm cjkfotovm

\mabm< \ijrçms cjkfotovostms lib mpriflozmhi

Cjf tjlj bj mftirojr" if bj qui rispictm mb mpriflozmhi lib ofkbïs iftifligjsbms tijrçms cjf ufm amsi cjkfotovostm nmcif uf gmyjr ïf`msos if mspictjscjgj bm cjgprifsoóf cjfscoifti li bms rikbms krmgmtocmbis Istm cjgprifsoófcjflucorí pjstirojrgifti m bm prjluccoóf li pmtrjfis bofkòçstocjs" bms rikbmssirçmf mpriflolms y mpbocmlms y ib usj lib oftibictj tiflrçm su ogpjrtmfcom ifib mpriflozmhi li bjs pmtrjfis krmgmtocmbis lib olojgm .Gmuro" Okbisoms" Cjrrimy jtrjs" 155=/

Bms tijrçms li cjrti gís cjfluctostm mpuistmf pjr bm ripitocoóf li pmtrjfisnmcoiflj ispicomb ïf`msos if bm prjfufcomcoóf y lihmflj m uf bmlj mspictjsgís riìroljs m bm cjgprifsoóf krmgmtocmb" mb cjftrmroj li bj qui jcurri cjfbms tijrçms li cjrti cjkfotovostm if bms qui bm cjgprifsoóf krmgmtocmb is ibpmsj privoj y ficismroj pmrm qui si puilm prjlucor ib mpriflozmhi Mligísli bms ljs krmflis cjrroiftis m bms qui mcmamgjs li nmcir mbusoóf" if bj quirispictm mb mpriflozmhi lib ofkbïs" Kjfzíbiz .=??;/ risugi bms lovirsms tijrçms.sjari bms qui prjùflozmrigjs if ib mpmrtmlj </ if tjrfj m tris krmflisvosojfis8 bm vosoóf istructurmb" bm vosoóf ùfcojfmb y bm vosoóf oftirmccojfmb

• Posoóf istructurmb Lisli istm vosoóf si cjfcoai ib olojgm cjgj uf cjfhuftjli ibigiftjs qui toifif ufm ribmcoóf istructurmb susciptoabi li sirifsiýmlm y mpriflolm If isti cmsj ib jahitovj lib mpriflozmhi sirçmljgofmr bjs ibigiftjs lib sostigm .`jfjbókocjs" krmgmtocmbis y bixocmbis/

• Posoóf ùfcojfmb Si cjfcoai ib bifkumhi cjgj ib gicmfosgj m trmvïs libcumb ixprismr sokfoòcmljs ùfcojfmbis Lisli istm vosoóf si prjùflozm gísif bm logifsoóf sigíftocm y cjgufocmtovm gís qui if bm krmgmtocmb pjr bjqui si ciftrmrçm fj sóbj if ibigiftjs li krmgítocm y bïxocj" sofj tmgaoïftópocjs" fjcojfis y cjfciptjs qui ib mbugfj ficisotm pmrm cjgufocmrsi

li gmfirm iìctovm



15

• Posoóf oftirmccojfmb Istm vosoóf iftoifli ib olojgm cjgj ib gicmfosgj mtrmvïs lib cumb cjgufocmrsi y istmabicir ribmcojfis sjcombis iftrioflovolujs Si if`mtozm pjr tmftj bm cjgprifsoóf lib bifkumhi Ib bifkumhi isvostj cjgj ufm nirrmgoiftm pmrm bm crimcoóf y gmftifogoiftj li bmsribmcojfis sjcombis8 oftircmgaojs m trmvïs li bm cjfvirsmcoóf" mfíbosos li bmoftirmccoóf y li bm cjfvirsmcoóf y pjr bm tmftj ib mpriflozmhi lib gosgjprjùflozmrí if istjs mspictjs

Sikøf bm vosoóf if bm ifsiýmfzm lib ofkbïs li bm qui pmrtmgjs" ifcjftrmrigjsufms istrmtikoms li ifsiýmfzm gís jptogms qui jtrms" msç puis sjgjscjfscoiftis li qui ufm vosoóf istructurmb j ùfcojfmb is gís susciptoabi li sirlismrrjbbmlm cjf tijrçms li cjrti cjkfotovostm if bms qui bm cjgprifsoóf .ifisti cmsj li bm krmgítocm/ is bm poizm cbmvi pmrm ib mpriflozmhi Ujr jtrmpmrti ufm vosoóf li cjrti oftirmccojfmb if bm qui bm cjgufocmcoóf y bm `buolizif bms ribmcojfis is ib ibigiftj gís listmcmlj is gís prjpocom m sirlismrrjbbmlm cjf tijrçms li topj cjfluctostm if bms qui bms ripitocojfis lipmtrjfis y ib ïf`msos if mspictjs cjgj bm prjfufcomcoóf sjf bjs ibigiftjsgís listmcmljs Fj jastmfti sjgjs cjfscoiftis li qui cmlm ufm li bmsvosojfis qui mcmamgjs li mpjrtmr" if ùfcoóf li bms loìriftis sotumcojfis" silismrrjbbmrí cjf ufms tïcfocms u jtrms

3& IS\QM\IKOMS LI MUQIFLOXMHI LI BMS BIFKYMSI^\QMFH IQMS&

Mligís li cjfjcir bms loìriftis tijrçms sjari ib mpriflozmhi qui mcmamgjsli mpjrtmr" is ficismroj prjùflozmr if bms loìriftis istrmtikoms qui bjsmbugfjs pjfif if gmrcnm lurmfti bjs prjcisjs li mpriflozmhi li ufmbifkum ixtrmfhirm

Ib cjfciptj li istrmtikoms li mpriflozmhi ogpbocm ufm sicuifcom limctovolmlis" jpirmcojfis j pbmfis lorokoljs m bm cjfsicucoóf li gitms limpriflozmhi y qui toifif uf cmríctir cjfscoifti i oftifcojfmb if ib qui siogpbocmf prjcisjs li tjgm li licosojfis pjr ib istulomfti mhustmlms mbjahitovj qui pritifli mbcmfzmr .Qjlrçkuiz y Kmrcçm'Giríf" 1559/

Bissmrl'Cbjustjf .=??;/ prjpjfi ufm siroi li cmrmctirçstocms cjgufis if bmslostoftms liòfocojfis lib tïrgofj li istrmtikoms li mpriflozmhi if bifkumsixtrmfhirms qui softitozmgjs m cjftofumcoóf8

• Sjf kifirmlms pjr ib istulomfti• Sjf pmsjs qui sokuif bjs istulomftis if ib prjcisj li mpriflozmhi• Gihjrmf ib mpriflozmhi li bm bifkum y myulmf m lismrrjbbmr bm cjgpitifcom

bofkòçstocm• Uuilif sir vosoabis .cjgpjrtmgoiftjs" pmsjs qui sokuif" tïcfocms qui

igpbimf/ j fj vosoabis .pifsmgoiftjs" prjcisjs giftmbis/



1=

• Ofcbuyif bm of`jrgmcoóf y bm gigjrom .cjfjcogoiftj li vjcmaubmroj" rikbmskrmgmtocmbis/

• Uirgotif mb istulomfti sir gís mutófjgj• Mgpbçmf ib pmpib li bjs ljciftis li bifkum• Si jroiftmf nmcom uf prjabigm• Ofcbuyif gucnjs mspictjs" fj sjbmgifti ib cjkfotovj• Uuilif ifsiýmrsi• Sjf bixoabis• Qicoaif bm of buifcom li ufm vmroilml li `mctjris

Li `jrgm kifirmb" Kjrlobbj .15==/ softitozm y mkrupm bms profcopmbis istrmtikomsli mpriflozmhi li bm sokuoifti gmfirm8

Istrm tik om s c j k fot ovm s 8 mquibbms istrmtikoms ribmtovms m bms jpirmcojfis giftmbislib mbugfmlj" iftri bms qui pjligjs listmcmr bms jpirmc ojfis li sçftisos" li

mfíbosos y tmgaoïf bms li rmzjfmgoiftj ofluctovj y liluctovj

Istrm tik om s c jg p if sm tjr om s j c jg ufoc m t ovm s 8 bms istrmtikoms qui myulmf mbmbugfj m supirmr bjs lovirsjs prjabigms qui toifif bukmr if bm cjgufocmcoóf"tmftj if bm jrmb cjgj if bm iscrotm

Istrmtikoms mìct ovms 8 nmcif pjsoabi qui si supirif bms sotumcojfis limfsoilml" li mbtm li cjfòmfzm" itc y pjr tmftj mugiftmf bm gjtovmcoóf

Istrmt ik om s sj c om bi s 8 sjf bms qui `mcobotmf y gihjrmf bms ribmcojfis li bjsmbugfjs" tmftj iftri sç cjgj bm li bjs mbugfjs cjf rispictj mb prjìsjr" ligjlj qui si `mc obotm bm mlquosocoóf lib fuivj olojgm y bm fuivm cubturm

Ujr jtrj bmlj Jx`jrl .=??5/ prjpjfi ufm cbmsoòcmcoóf cjgpbitm y øtob li bmsistrmtikoms li mpriflozmhi li bms bifkums ixtrmfhirms Bm mutjrm lostofkui iftriistrmtikoms lorictms .gigjrom" cjkfotovms y cjgpifsmtjroms/ i oflorictms.gitmcjkfotovms" mìctovms y sjcombis/ Bms progirms pricosmf lib prjcismgoiftjgiftmb li bm bifkum ixtrmfhirm y bms istrmtikoms oflorictms sjf øtobis pjr ibmpjyj y ib cjftrjb sjari ib mpriflozmhi li bm bifkum qui mpjrtmf Bmcjgaofmcoóf li mgams istrmtikoms prjvjcmrí uf gmyjr ïxotj if ibmpriflozmhi M cjftofumcoóf ixpbocmgjs arivigifti cmlm ufm li bmsistrmtikoms8



11

Istrmtikoms loric tms

Istrmtikoms li gigjromYsmlms pmrm mbgmcifmrbm of`jrgmcoóf cumfljsi ligmflif

Istrmtikoms cjkfotovmsYtobozmlms pmrm qui bjsmpriflozmhis simfsokfoòcmtovjs

IstrmtikomscjgpifsmtjromsMyulmf m bjsistulomftis m lorokor"pbmfoòcmr" rikubmr ymutjivmbumr sumpriflozmhi

Istrmtikoms oflorictms

Istrmtikoms mìctovms Qibmcojfmlmscjf bm pmrti igjtovm lib istulomftiqui pirgoti cjftrjbmr sus siftogoiftjs"gjtovmcojfis y mctotulis ribmcojfmlmscjf ib mpriflozmhi li bm bifkum

Istrmtikoms sjcombis Ïstms bbivmf m bmoftirmccoóf cricoifti cjf bm bifkumixtrmfhirm mb `mcobotmr bm oftirmccoófcjf jtrjs istulomftis

\mabm9 Istrmtikoms li mpriflozmhi li bms bifkums ixtrmfhirms Jx`jrl .=??5/

So bjs prjìsjris quoirif myulmr m sus istulomftis if ib mpriflozmhi li bmsbifkums ixtrmfhirms is ficismroj qui cjfjzcmf istms istrmtikoms M pismr li bjmftirojr" mbkufms li istms istrmtikoms sjf jasirvmabis goiftrms qui jtrms fj bj

sjf .Kmrrolj" 1551 /" mgams .jasirvmabis y fj/ sjf ficismroms y myulmf m bjsistulomftis if su mutjfjgçm pmrm ib mpriflozmhi li ufm bifkum" pjr bj quisirí guy ogpjrtmfti tifirbms if cuiftm pristmflj ufm ispicomb mtifcoóf mmquibbms qui fj si puilif jasirvmr cjgj bms mìctovms y bms sjc ombis

<& IB OFKBÏS LIF\QJ LI BMS IFSIÝMFXMS J@OCOMBISIF ISUMÝM&

If isti mpmrtmlj pritifligjs gjstrmr ufm pmfjrígocm kifirmb sjari ib

istmlj li bm sotumcoóf li bm ifsiýmfzm rikbmlm lib ofkbïs if ib cjftixtjispmýjb" utobozmflj pmrm ibbj uf of`jrgi ibmajrmlj pjr ib Gofostiroj liIlucmcoóf .15==/

Bm ifsiýmfzm li ofkbïs" cjgj olojgm ixtrmfhirj" istí ofcjrpjrmlm m fuistrjsostigm ilucmtovj tmftj if bjs fovibis y itmpms li rïkogif kifirmb" cjgj ifbms ifsiýmfzms li rïkogif ispicomb if ib gmrcj li bms Iscuibms Jòcombis liOlojgms

Bm ifsiýmfzm lib ofkbïs cjgoifzm if ib sikuflj cocbj li bm Ilucmcoóf Of`mftobIb Qimb Licritj =035*1550" li 1? li locoigari" privoó qui bms Mlgofostrmcojfis

Ilucmtovms" mb rikubmr ib currçcubj" liaçmf `jgiftmr ufm progirm mprjxogmcoófm bm bifkum ofkbism if bjs mpriflozmhis lib sikuflj cocbj li bm Ilucmcoóf



13

Of`mftob" if ib írim li ‒Bifkumhis8 cjgufocmcoóf y riprisiftmcoóf‗" ifispicomb" if ib øbtogj cursj li bm itmpm" prjpocomflj bm curojsolml pjr bmslostoftms bifkums ixtrmfhirms y ufm mctotul pjsotovm nmcom bms gosgms

If bj qui rispictm m bm progmrom" ufj li bjs jahitovjs li istm itmpm cjfsosti if

mlquoror ufm cjgpitifcom cjgufocmtovm aísocm if mb gifjs ufm bifkumixtrmfhirm Umrm ibbj bm Bifkum Ixtrmfhirm is ufm li bms írims li bm itmpm"puloiflj ofcbusj bms Mlgofostrmcojfis ilucmtovms mýmlor ufm sikuflm bifkumixtrmfhirm if ib tircir cocbj li bm Ilucmcoóf progmrom .QL 9=3*1550 ; lilocoigari/ privoó su ogpbmftmc oóf lisli ib progir cocbj li bm itmpm

If Ilucmcoóf Sicuflmrom Jabokmtjrom" bm BJI cjftigpbm cjgj ufj li susjahitovjs qui ib mbugfmlj cjgpriflm y puilm ixprismrsi if ufm j gísbifkums ixtrmfhirms li gmfirm mprjpomlm Umrm ibbj" bms gmtiroms cursmlms ifbjs cumtrj mýjs mcmlïgocjs li bm itmpm cjftiflríf bm Bifkum Ixtrmfhirm cjf

cmríctir priciptovj If ib cjfhuftj li bjs tris progirjs cursjs" ib mbugfmljpjlrí ibikor cjgj gmtirom jptmtovm ufm sikuflm bifkum ixtrmfhirm" quimsogosgj pjlrí sir rikubmlm cjgj priciptovm if bjs tris progirjs cursjs pjrbms lostoftms Mlgofostrmcojfis ilucmtovms mb istmabicir ib currçcubj If ib cumrtjcursj li bm itmpm bm progirm Bifkum ixtrmfhirm liairí sir cursmlm pjr tjljsbjs mbugfjs*ms y bm sikuflm Bifkum ixtrmfhirm `jrgmrí pmrti li bm gmtiromspriciptovms ohmlms if bm BJI

Qispictj mb Amcnobbirmtj" cjfstotuyi ufj li sus jahitovjs ixprismrsi cjf `buolizy cjrriccoóf if ufm j gís bifkums ixtrmfhirms Bm Bifkum ixtrmfhirm si

ifcuiftrm prisifti iftri bms gmtiroms cjgufis y" pjr tmftj" liai sir cursmlmpjr ib mbugfmlj if tjlms bms gjlmbolmlis lib Amcnobbirmtj" puloiflj mligíscursmr ufm sikuflm bifkum ixtrmfhirm cjgj gmtirom jptmtovm tmftj if =¸cjgj if 1¸ li Amcnobbirmtj

Itmpm Ilucmcoóf Of`mftobIlucmcoófUrogmrom

IlucmcoófSicuflmromJabokmtjrom Amcnobbirmtj

Cocbj* cursj 1¸ cocbj \jljs \jljs \jljs

Jahitovj

Urogirmmprjxogmcoóf m bmbifkum ofkbism@jgiftmrcurojsolml pjr bmsbifkumsixtrmfhirms y ufmmctotul pjsotovm

Mlquororcjgpitifcomcjgufocmtovmaísocm if mbgifjs ufmbifkumixtrmfhirm

Cjgpriflir ymprjpomrsi ifufm j gísbifkumsixtrmfhirms ligmfirmmprjpomlm

Ixprismrsi cjf`buoliz ycjrriccoóf ifufm j gísbifkumsixtrmfhirms



1<

Msokfmturm*gmtirom

Bifkumhis8cjgufocmcoóf yriprisiftmcoóf

Bifkumixtrmfhirm

Bifkumixtrmfhirmjabokmtjrom yjptmtovm

Bifkumixtrmfhirmjabokmtjrom yjptmtovm

\mabm0 Mspictjs listmcmljs li bm bifkum ixtrmfhirm if bms ifsiýmfzmskifirmbis lib Sostigm Ilucmtovj if Ispmým

If bm tmabm 0 pjligjs jasirvmr ib pjrciftmhi li mbugfmlj qui lurmfti ibcursj 155?'15=5 cursó bifkums ixtrmfhirms if ib sostigm ilucmtovj ispmýjb

\mabm; Ujrciftmhi li m bugfmlj qui cursó bifkums ixtrmfhirms if 155?*15=5

.GI" 15==/

Ujr bj qui rispictm m bms ifsiýmfzms li olojgms if ib rïkogif ispicomb" bm BiyJrkífocm 1*1550" li 3 li gmyj li Ilucmcoóf" istructuró bms gosgms if trisfovibis8 aísocj" oftirgiloj y mvmfzmlj Ib Qimb Licritj =01?*1550" li 1? lilocoigari" pjr ib qui si òhmf bjs mspictjs aísocjs lib currçcubj li bmsifsiýmfzms li olojgms" lismrrjbbó bjs profcopojs istmabicoljs if bm Biy

Cjgj lirovmcoóf li lostoftjs cjfvifojs y mcuirljs oftirfmcojfmbis suscrotjspjr Ispmým" voifi soiflj ufm rimbolml if fuistrj sostigm ib nicnj li qui bms

ifsiýmfzms lib currçcubj ispmýjb li mbkufms gmtiroms simf ogpmrtolms if ibolojgm ofkbïs" `rmfcïs j mbigíf if bjs litirgofmljs ciftrjs ilucmtovjs Istmixpiroifcom si nm olj prjkrisovmgifti pjtifcomflj" so aoif ib mbugfmljmìctmlj supjfi ufm gofjrçm rispictj mb tjtmb li mbugfjs m bjs quipjtifcombgifti pjlrçm m ìctmr

Is ivolifti ib oftirïs pjr pmrti li bms mlgofostrmcojfis ilucmtovms pjr bmifsiýmfzm lib ofkbïs" mufqui tmb y cjgj virigjs m cjftofumcoóf" bjsrisubtmljs fj sjf bjs lisimljs If bm tmabm ; gjstrmgjs ib føgirj liaifiòcomrojs i ogpjrtis li myulms lib Gofostiroj li Ilucmcoóf if ib cursj

15=5*15==" soiflj ufm bms ivolifcoms li locnj oftirïs pjr `jgiftmr bmifsiýmfzm lib ofkbïs



19

\mabm> Myulms pmrm ib mpriflozmhi li bifkums ixtrmfhirms jìrtmlms pjrGofostiroj li Ilucmcoóf .GI" 15==/

If 1551" bm Iurjpimf Fitwjrd bbivó m cmaj ib prjyictj li ‒Ivmbumcoóf linmaobolmlis li bjs mbugfjs if ofkbïs‗ li jcnj pmçsis iurjpijs iftri bjs qui siifcjftrmam Ispmým Bjs risubtmljs mbcmfzmljs pjr bjs mbugfjs li fuistrj pmçsùirmf amstmfti amhjs" cjfcritmgifti if cjgprifsoóf jrmb y nmaobolml liprjluccoóf iscrotm bm puftumcoóf ùi guy amhm" if bj qui rispictm m bmcjgpitifcom bofkòçstocm bjs risubtmljs ùirmf sogobmris mb ristj li pmçsispmrtocopmfti soiflj mbkj gihjris bjs risubtmljs riìroljs m bm cjgprifsoófbictjrm

\mabm? Qisubtmljs8 cjgprifsoóf jrmb" cjgpitifcom bofkòçstocm" cjgprifsoófbictjrm y iscroturm .Iurjpimf Fitwjrd 1551/

Li jtrj bmlj" ib Ofstotutj fmcojfmb li ivmbumcoóf y cmbolml lib sostigmilucmtovj .GIC" 155</ bbivó m cmaj uf istuloj ciftrmlj if bm Ilucmcoóf

Sicuflmrom Jabokmtjrom mpbocmflj uf siroi li pruiams mb mbugfmlj li bjscursjs sikuflj y cumrtj li bm itmpm Ib jahitovj lib istuloj ùi cjfjcir y



10

vmbjrmr bms cmpmcolmlis aísocms jatifolms pjr isti mbugfmlj if bj quirispictm mb krmlj li cjgufocmcoóf jatifolj y mb cjfjcogoiftj li bm bifkumMligís ib istuloj prjpusj msogosgj cjfjcir mquibbjs mctjris lib prjcisj liifsiýmfzm'mpriflozmhi li ufm bifkum ixtrmfhirm qui puloirm tifir ribmcoófcjf bjs risubtmljs mbcmfzmljs if locnm írim Listmcmgjs m cjftofumcoóf bjsrisubtmljs gjstrmljs if ib of`jrgi cjgj ib ‒piròb lib mbugfj giloj‗ li 1¸cursj li ISJ8

‒Ib mbugfj is cmpmz li oliftoòcmr of`jrgmcoóf ispicçòcm if ufmcjfvirsmc oóf qui iscucnm if tjrfj m ufm vosotm m ufm kmbirçm li mrti y if uftixtj iscrotj sifcobbj" `jrgubmlj if prisifti y pmsmlj ./ \mgaoïf is cmpmzli oliftoòcmr of`jrgmcoóf ispicçòcm if ufm iftrivostm krmamlm sjari bm volmcjtolomfm li uf foýj" li msjcomr ufm ofstruccoóf iscrotm" ixprismlm if `jrgmmòrgmtovm" cjf bjs riciptjris li bm gosgm y li rijrkmfozmr bm of`jrgmcoófiscrotm pmrm liluc or ib cjftixtj qui si liscroai

Bi risubtm lo`çcob rijrkmfozmr of`jrgmcoóf if uf loíbjkj iscrotj sjari ribmcojfisnugmfms" utobozmr `jrgms virambis sogpbis if prisifti y pmsmlj" msç cjgjistructurms krmgmtocmbis sogpbis y prjlucor" utobozmflj bm of`jrgmcoófprjpjrcojfmlm" uf tixtj iscrotj arivi sof cjgitir irrjris li jrtjkrm`çm

Ujr øbtogj toifi gucnms loòcubtmlis pmrm oliftoòcmr of`jrgmcoóf ispicçòcmsjari cmftolml y pmriftiscj m pmrtor li gmtiromb jrmb" rijrkmfozmr of jrgmcoófif uf tixtj iscrotj pmrm nmcir ufm liluccoóf" ixtrmir bm olim profcopmb j ufmolim sicuflmrom li uf tixtj iscrotj \mgaoïf bi risubtm guy lo`çcob cjgpbitmr uf

tixtj iscrotj cjf ufm `jrgm viramb if pmsmlj rikubmr‗ .GIC" 155<" 1?/

Jtrj li bjs risubtmljs oftirismftis qui pjligjs listmcmr li isti krupj .1¸ISJ/ is qui bm rimbozmcoóf li mctovolmlis ixtrmiscjbmris li ofkbïs of`buyipjsotovmgifti if ib riflogoiftj li bjs mbugfjs8

\mabm=5 Qisubtmljs sikøf bm rim bozmcoóf li mctovolmlis ixtrmiscjbmris li ofkbïs1¸ ISJ .GIC" 155</

Msç puis" gjstrmgjs m cjftofumcoóf bm lostroaucoóf li bjs mbugfjs quigmfoòistmf rimbozmr mbkufm mctovolml ixtrmiscjbmr pmrm ib mpriflozmhi li bm

bifkum ofkbism .30)/



1;

\mabm== Lostroaucoóf li bjs mbugfjs qui rimbozmf mctovolmlis iscjbmris li 1cursj ISJ .GIC" 155</

Jtrjs lmtjs oftirismftis li isti istuloj y qui nmcif mbusoóf m bm jpofoóf li bjsmbugfjs fjs guistrmf qui mprjxogmlmgifti bm gotml li ïstjs mòrgmf quibis kustm amstmfti j gucnj mpriflir ofkbïs If bj qui rispictm m bm loòcubtmluf 1?) li bjs mbugfjs criif qui mpriflir ofkbïs is amstmfti j guy `ícob"`rifti m ufm <=) qui bj vmbjrmf cjgj pjcj j fmlm `ícob

If cumftj m bm utobolml qui bjs mbugfjs pircoaif if ib mpriflozmhi lib ofkbïscjgj bifkum ixtrmfhirm" bm gmyjr pmrti li bms rispuistms si cjfciftrm if bmsjpcojfis amstmfti y gucnj" is licor" bm gmyjrçm li bjs mbugfjs cjfsolirmfqui mpriflir ofkbïs is mbkj ogpjrtmfti pmrm ibbjs Msç" istíf li mcuirlj ifqui ib ofkbïs bis sorvi j bis sirvorí pmrm cjfjcir jtrms `jrgms li volm"cjstugaris" itc .;1)/" bms pirgoti mnjrm j bis pirgotorí if ib ùturjribmcojfmrsi cjf pirsjfms li jtrjs pmçsis .;?)/" bis sirí øtob if vomhis jistmfcoms if jtrjs pmçsis .>5)/ y bis sirí tmgaoïf øtob if istulojs pjstirojris.;0)/

If cumftj m bjs risubtmljs jatifoljs pjr ib mbugfmlj li <¸ cursj li ISJ ibpiròb li riflogoiftj lib mbugfmlj giloj if bifkum ofkbism ‒is cmpmz lioliftoòcmr of`jrgmcoóf ispicçòcm" ribmtovm m prjìsojfis" m bm bjcmbozmcoófkijkríòcm li uf gusij" y pmrm rispjflir sjari mctovolmlis qui si puilifrimbozmr if vmcmcojfis if ufm cjfvirsmcoóf qui iscucnm \mgaoïf oliftoòcmof`jrgmcoóf ispicçòcm cjf ixprisojfis li toigpj if ufm fmrrmcoóf jrmb Iscmpmz li olifto ocmr of`jrgmcoóf ispicç ocm y li rijrkmfozmr of`jrgmc oóf if uf



1>

tixtj fmrrmtovj if pmsmlj y li oliftoòcmr bm `jrgm viramb mlicumlm liprisifti if mòrgmtovm pmrm c jgpbitmr ufm cmrtm

Sof igamrkj" toifi mbkufm loòcubtml pmrm rijrkmfozmr bm of`jrgmcoóf li uftixtj iscrotj if progirm pirsjfm sjari bm volm li ufm mtbitm y li jtrj if ib

qui si lmf ofstruccojfis y ricjgiflmcojfis j pmrm oliftoòcmr ib fixj quioftrjluci ufm olim sicuflmrom if uf tixtj sjari bjs aifiòcojs qui mpjrtm bmbicturm \mgaoïf toifi prjabigms pmrm utobozmr bms `jrgms virambis li pmsmlj"rikubmr i orrikubmr" tmftj if mòrgmtovm cjgj if fikmtovm Bi risubtm guy lo`çcobmsjcomr ufm of`jrgmcoóf `jrgubmlm if bm vjz pmsovm" cjf bj qui sucili ifufm krmamcoóf mulojvosumb" ixtrmir bm olim profcopmb li uf tixtj if ib qui sifmrrm uf sucisj if pmsmlj" rijrkmfozmr of`jrgmcoóf li uf tixtj‗ .GIC" 155<";5/

If cumftj m bjs risubtmljs jatifoljs pjr ib mbugfmlj li <¸ li bm ISJ"

pjligjs softitozmr lib sokuoifti gjlj ib ‒piròb li riflogoiftj lib mbugfmljgiloj if bifkum ofkbism‗8

Ib mbugfmlj is cmpmz li oliftoòcmr of`jrgmcoóf ispicçòcm liloìriftis tigítocms tmftj if prisifti cjgj if pmsmljIb mbugfmlj is cmpmz li olifto ocmr `jrgms virambis mlicumlmsIb mbugfmlj toifi lo ocubtmlis pmrm rijrkmfozmr of`jrgmcoóf i olifto ocmrfixjs qui oftrjlucif olims sicuflmromsIb mbugfmlj toifi loòcubtml pmrm utobozmr `jrgms virambis if pmsmljrikubmr i orrikubmr tmftj if pjsotovj c jgj if fikmtovj

Ib mbugfmlj toifi lo ocubtml pmrm msjc omr of`jrgmcoóf if vjz pmsovm

If isti cmsj li fuivj bm rimbozmcoóf li mctovolmlis ixtrmiscjbmris li ofkbïsof buyi pjsotovmgifti if ib riflogoiftj li bjs mbugfjs Yf 3>) li bjs mbugfjsifcuistmljs mòrgmf rimbozmr mbkufm mctovolml ixtrmiscjbmr li ofkbïs" pirj bmgmyjrçm" 01)" fj rimbozm fofkufm mctovolml li isti topj M cjftofumcoóf siguistrm bm lostroaucoóf li bjs mbugfjs qui gmfoòistm rimbozmr mbkufm mctovolmlixtrmiscjbmr pmrm ib mpriflozmhi li bm bifkum ofkbism

\mabm=1 Qisubtmljs sikøf bm rim bozmcoóf li mctovolmlis ixtrmiscjbmris li ofkbïs<¸ ISJ .GIC" 155</



1?

Sikuolmgifti gjstrmgjs ufm tmabm cjf bm lostroaucoóf li bjs mbugfjs quirimbozmcoóf mctovolmlis iscjbmris li ofkbïs if njrmroj ixtrmiscjbmr if bm quiifcjftrmgjs cjgj ufm li bms profcopmbis mctovolmlis bm msostifcom m ufmmcmligom

\mabm=3 Lostroaucoóf li bjs mbugfjs qui rimbozmf mctovolmlis iscjbmris li <cursj ISJ .GIC" 155</

If cumftj m bm utobolml qui vi ib mbugfmlj li <¸ ISJ if ib mpriflozmhi liofkbïs cjgj bifkum ixtrmfhirm" bm gmyjr pmrti li bms rispuistms si cjfciftrmif bms jpcojfis amstmfti y gucnj" is licor" pmrm bm gmyjrçm li bjs mbugfjsmpriflir ofkbïs is ogpjrtmfti Msç" gmfo`oistmf su mcuirlj if qui ib ofkbïs bissorvi j sirvorí pmrm cjfjcir jtrms `jrgms li volm" cjstugaris" cubturms" itc.;1)/" bis pirgoti j bis pirgotorí if ib `uturj ribmcojfmrsi cjf jtrjs pmçsis.>3)/" bis sirí øtob if vomhis j istmfcoms if jtrjs pmçsis .>3)/ y if qui tmgaoïfbm bifkum bis sirí øtob if istulojs pjstirojris .;1)/

Ujr øbtogj" is ogpjrtmfti listmcmr uf ricoifti istuloj ibmajrmlj pjr

Ilucmtojf@orst .15==/ if ib qui si rimbozó uf rmfdofk m fovib guflomb sjari ibljgofoj li ofkbïs rimbozmflj pruiams li fovib m gís li ljs gobbjfis limlubtjs if tjlj ib guflj Isti istuloj sotøm m Ispmým if ib puistj 1< .fovibam hj/ lib rmfdofk guflomb



35

@okurm 1 Çfloci li Fovib li Ofkbïs .Ilucmtojf@orst" 15==/

Sikøf ib istuloj" bjs istulomftis qui igpoizmf m mpriflir ofkbïs m ufm ilmlgís mvmfzmlm tmgaoïf puilif bbikmr m ljgofmrbj Mufqui gucnjs istulojsnmf ligjstrmlj bms viftmhms li mpriflir uf olojgm ixtrmfhirj lisli guy

hjvif" pmrici qui ib bogotmlj føgirj li njrms li ifsiýmfzm li ofkbïs if bjscjbikojs pøabocjs iurjpijs fj risubtm suòcoifti pmrm tifir uf iìctj if ibljgofoj li ofkbïs li sus istulomftis" mýmli ib istuloj Ujr ihigpbj" iftri =?><y 1555 if Njbmflm y Lofmgmrcm bjs foýjs igpizmrjf m mpriflir ofkbïs iftribms ilmlis li =5 y =1 mýjs" goiftrms if Ispmým i Otmbom igpizmrjf iftri bmsilmlis li > m == mýjs

Ispmým i Otmbom toifif bjs fovibis gís amhjs li ljgofoj li ofkbïs li bm YfoófIurjpim m pismr li igpizmr m ifsiýmrbj mftis Ïsti is uf liscuarogoiftjogpjrtmfti pmrm bjs pjbçtocjs Ib nicnj li amhmr bm ilml li cjgoifzj liistuloj li ofkbïs fj ibivmrí bjs fovibis li cjfjcogoiftj li ofkbïs pjr sç sjbj"sofj qui nmf li tifirsi if cuiftm jtrjs gucnjs `mctjris tmbis cjgj bmcmbolml li bjs prjìsjris" bjs gmtirombis y gïtjljs lolíctocjs utobozmljs" bm rmtojprjìsjr*m bugfjs"… i oflulmabigifti ib føgirj li njrms li ofkbïs qui siogpmrtif sjf `mctjris gucnj gís ogpjrtmftis pmrm litirgofmr bj quimpriflif

9& GÏ\JLJS IF BM IFSIÝMFXM LIB OFKBÏS&

Bm ifsiýmfzm y mpriflozmhi li bms bifkums is ufm tmrim amstmfti cjgpbihm" ym bm viz tmgaoïf sjf cjgpbihjs bjs gïtjljs qui si nmf `jrgubmlj pmrmmpriflirbms M bj bmrkj li bjs mýjs si nmf olj `jrgubmflj lostoftjs gïtjljsqui nmf olj bbmgmflj bm mtifcoóf sjari mspictjs j ibigiftjs qui bjs jtrjsgïtjljs fj nmaçmf tjgmlj if cjfsolirmcoóf Sof igamrkj" ib prjabigm is"

cjgj mòrgm Sífcniz .155?/" cmlm fuivj gïtjlj cmi if bm gosgm trmgpm



3=

qui sus prilicisjris ciftrífljsi if mspictjs fjviljsjs pirj cirrmflj bmpuirtm m fuivms pirspictovms pilmkókocms

M bj bmrkj lib ricjrrolj nostórocj qui si puili nmcir li bm ifsiýmfzm ympriflozmhi li bms bifkums" bjs jahitovjs qui si nmf gmrcmlj fj nmf vmromlj

gucnj" sç gís su `jrgubmcoóf y mlmptmcoóf m bm ïpjcm M pismr li bmsloòcubtmlis qui si nmf olj ifcjftrmflj" sjf gucnjs bjs oftiftjs pmrm gihjrmrbm ifsiýmfzm y mpriflozmhi li bms bifkums" cjgj msç mtistokumf bjs lostoftjsgïtjljs m bjs qui nmcigjs gifcoóf pjstirojrgifti

IB GÏ\JLJ \QMLOC OJFMB J LI ‒KQMG Í\OCM _ \QMLYC COÓF‗

Mb igpizmr ib sokbj ^^" y guy pjpubmr nmstm gilomljs li locnj sokbj" bmifsiýmfzm li bms bifkums ixtrmfhirms sikuçm bm gitjljbjkçm igpbimlm if bmifsiýmfzm li bms bifkums cbísocms" bms cumbis si istulomamf gilomfti bms

ùiftis iscrotms .Cjftrirms" 1550/ Isti gïtjlj pjfi ïf`msos if bm prisiftmcoófli rikbms krmgmtocmbis li bm bifkum ixtrmfhirm" msç cjgj if bm príctocm li bmtrmluccoóf lorictm li bm bifkum gmtirfm m bm qui si lisim mpriflir Umrmmpriflir vjcmaubmroj si utobozmam bostms li pmbmarms cjf su trmluccoóf pmrm bmgigjrozmcoóf li bms gosgms .H ogïfiz" =??</ Ujr tmftj" isti gïtjlj si amsmif bm bicturm" trmlucc oóf y rilmccoóf li bm bifkum istulomlm

Urofcopojs lib gïtjlj krmgmtocmb

= Ib bifkumhi istí suhitj m uf litirgofmlj føgirj li rikbms Istm rimbolmlis bm cbmvi

1 Ixostif uf litirgofmlj føgirj li ixcipcojfis

3 Bms rikbms li bm krmgítocm cjfstotuyif uf sostigm `jrgmb" jasirvmabi if bjtixtjs botirmrojs

< Ib gjlibj li bm bifkum si sotøm if bjs tixtjs botirmrojs

9 Mpriflozmhi cjfscoifti y rmcojfmb

0 M trmvïs li uf prjcisj liluctovj

; Mpriflir bm krmgítocm myulm m lismrrjbbmr bm cmpmc olml giftmb

> Ib mpriflozmhi si bjkrm m pmrtor lib mfíbosos li bjs cjftifoljs" lilucoifljbms rikbms y gigjrozmflj bjs ibigiftjs bofkòçstocjs

? Ib prjìsjr is ib prjtmkjfostm y bm mutjrolml if bm cbmsi

=5 Si pjfi li riboivi qui ib mbugfj is uf mkifti pmsovj

== Ib usj y bm príctocm sjf ficismrojs pmrm cjfsjbolmr ib mpriflozmhi



31

IB GÏ\JLJ LOQIC \J

Lmvol G Airbotz ui ufj li bjs riprisiftmftis gís ogpjrtmftis li isti gïtjljy ufj li bjs profcopmbis jpjsotjris mb gïtjlj trmlocojfmb Cjfsolirmam quinmaçm qui ifsiýmr bm bifkum lmflj projrolml m bjs mspictjs jrmbis lihmflj

if uf sikuflj pbmfj bm iscroturm .Sífcniz" 155?/ Bjs li`ifsjris li istigïtjlj ricnmzmamf pjr cjgpbitj ib mspictj li bm trmluccoóf" soiflj bmbifkum qui si quoiri mpriflir cjgj bm øfocm qui si utobozm if cbmsi M trmvïsli isti gïtjlj si pritiflçm qui bjs mbugfjs bbikmrmf m bms rikbms gilomftiuf prjcisj ofluctovj Ib mpriflozmhi si bbivm m cmaj if bjs iftjrfjs fmturmbispmrm li istm gmfirm msjcomr bms pmbmarms lorictmgifti m bjs jahitjs qui bmsriprisiftmf" bms mccojfis qui si bbivmf m cmaj" bjs kistjs j ib cjftixtj.H ogïfiz" =??</

Urofcopojs lib gïtjlj lorictj

= Si lm pjr supuistj qui bm bifkum is uf ofstrugiftj li cjgufocmcoófprojrotmromgifti jrmb y sicuflmromgifti iscrotm

1 Bjs tixtjs botirmrojs fj cjfstotuyif ib gjlibj li bifkum qui liai sirvoli amsi

3 Bm bifkum jrmb pricili m bm iscrotm

< Ib mpriflozmhi si bbivm m cmaj if bjs iftjrfjs fmturmbis

9 Bms pmbmarms si lmf soigpri liftrj li uf cjftixtj

0 Ib mpriflozmhi is ofluc tovj

; Fj is uf trmamhj qui lirovm li bm mctovolml ri`bixovm y mfmbçtocm

> Umrtocopmf vmrojs siftoljs

? Si bjkrm m trmvïs li bm príc tocm

=5 Bm msjcomcoóf lorictm iftri jahitj'olim y pmbmarm cjfstotuyi bm amsi libmpriflozmhi

== Bj mastrmc tj si ifsiým gilomfti msjc omc oóf c jf bj cjfcritj

=1 Bm ifsiýmfzm nm li sir oftirmctovm

=3 Kistoóf li bm cbmsi rispjfsmaobolml lib prj`isjr



33

IB GÏ\JLJ MYLOJ'JQMB

Isti gïtjlj surki if bjs mýjs sitiftm if bjs IIYY cjgj rimccoóf mb gïtjljtrmlocojfmb Bj qui gís sjarismbi if isti if`jqui is bm mlquosocoóf li bmbifkum gilomfti bm ripitocoóf li istructurms" mspictj qui pjligjs

cjfsolirmr cjgj bm gmrcm li oliftolml lib gïtjlj" pmrtocubmrolml qui siliai m bm of`buifcom loric tm li Sdoffir Si bbikó m bm cjfc busoóf" m trmvïs li bjstrmamhjs li Sdoffir" li qui bm jrgmcoóf li níaotjs is rutj li bm ripitocoóf limctjs j cjgpjrtmgoiftjs" mspictj qui si trmsbmló m bm bofkòçstocm .Sífcniz"155?/

\oifi cjgj jahitovj ib lismrrjbbj li cumtrj listrizms if ib jrlif sokuoifti8iscucnmr" nmabmr" biir y iscroaor _ pmrm cjfsikuorbj si utobozm bjs níaotjsbofkòçstocjs If isti gïtjlj fj si ifsiým li gmfirm ixpbçcotm vjcmaubmroj"sofj qui si toifif qui gigjrozmr if cmlifms li istructurms softíctocms

liscjftixtumbozmlms .H ogïfiz" =??</

Urofcopojs lib gïtjlj muloj'jrmb

= Bm bifkum is uf cjfhuftj li istructurms hirírquocmgifti jrkmfozmlms

1 Bm bifkum is progirj jrmb" buikj iscrotm

3 Ib gjlibj li bifkum risubtm li bm jasirvmcoóf y mfíbosos coiftçòcj li bmprjluccoóf bofkòçstocm pjr pmrti li bjs nmabmftis

< Ib mpriflozmhi cjfsosti if bm jrgmcoóf li níaotjs

9 Fj risubtm li uf prjcisj cjfscoifti" sofj li mctjs ripitotovjs

0 Mpriflozmhi m trmvïs li uf prjcisj ofluctovj

; Ib mpriflozmhi ixpbçcotj li bm krmgítocm fj si cjftigpbm

> Urjìsjr cjgj mpbocmljr li bj qui ibmajrmf bjs coiftç ocjs .bofkòostms/

? Ib mbugfj is pmsovj pjrqui fj lic oli bj qui mprifli

=5 Mbugfj mctovj" liai pmrtocopmr if c bmsi

== Ib prjìsjr is soigpri ib gjlibj m riprjlucor

=1 Ib gjlibj li bifkum jahitj liai li sir bm li usj rimb

=3 Cbmsi lorokolm pjr ib prjìsjr

=< Bjs irrjris si cjrrokif li ofgilomtj



39

bofkòçstocms soigpri istíf mtmlms m ufm sotumc oóf j cjftixtj \ifoiflj gucnmssigihmfzms cjf ib sotumc ojfmb" isti gïtjlj si loìrifcom lib mftirojr if qui siofsosti if prjpocomr qui ib mbugfj cjgpriflm kbjambgifti uf loíbjkjsotumcojfmb mftis li trmamhmr bms istructurms li bm ufolml y if qui bjsibigiftjs vosumbis si cjfvoirtif if prjtmkjfostms li bm c bmsi .Sífcniz" 155?/

Urofcopojs lib gïtjlj istructurjkbjamb

= Bm bifkum is uf sostigm li cjgufocmc oóf Cjfcipcoóf istructurmbostm

1 Urogirj jrmb y lispuïs iscrotm

3 Istructurm bofkòçstocm y bïxocj bokmlm m uf cjftixtj

< Ogpjrtmfti ib cjgpjfifti psocj'bofkòçstocj cjgj ib bofkòçstocj

9 Bms jrgms si pircoaif progirj kbjambgifti" cjgj uf tjlj

0 Bjs siftoljs sjf ib òbtrj pjr ljfli si cmptm bm bifkum

; Mpriflozmhi pjr prjcisj ofluctovj

> Fj si cjftigpbm ib mpriflozmhi ixpbçcotj li bm krmgítocm

? Ib mbugfj is pmsovj pjrqui fj lic oli bj qui mprifli

=5 Mbugfj mctovj" liai pmrtocopmr if c bmsi

== Urjìsjr cjgj gjlibj mb qui mcircmrsi

IB GÏ\JLJ CJGYFOCM\OPJ

Mb cjftrmroj cjf bjs mftirojris gïtjljs" isti si loìrifcom ùflmgiftmbgiftiif ib nicnj li qui si suajrlofm m bm ifsiýmfzm li ùfcojfis cjgufocmtovmsgís qui m bms istructurms Is licor" si ùflmgiftm if bm trmfsgosoóf licjftifolj y fj if bm `jrgm" ym qui bm cjgufocmcoóf is ib giloj gilomfti ibcumb si trmfsgoti ib gifsmhi Ib mpriflozmhi cjgufocmtovj fj si riluci m bm

girm ripitocoóf li istructurms" ib pifsmgoiftj toifi uf cjgitolj ogpjrtmftiif ib prjcisj" lihmflj li bmlj bm tijrçm cjfluctostm Si ciftrm if uf prjcisjmctovj li mpriflozmhi" lmflj gucnm ogpjrtmfcom mb mutjmpriflozmhi.Sífcniz" 155?/

Sikøf isti gïtjlj" bm ifsiýmfzm li bm sikuflm bifkum nm li ciftrmrsi if bmcjgufocmcoóf" liaif progmr bms ùfcojfis cjgufocmtovms lib bifkumhi sjaribm krmgítocm li amsi pilmkókocm Bm prjfufcomcoóf" ib bïxocj" bm softmxos" sjfcjfciaoljs cjgj ib giloj pmrm cjfsikuor ib òf qui si pritifli" bmcjgufocmcoóf oftirpirsjfmb .Abízquiz" 15=5/



30

Urofcopojs lib gïtjlj cjgufocmtovj

= Bm bifkum cjgj sostigm pmrm cjgufocmrsi

1 Bj ogpjrtmfti is bm trmfsgosoóf li c jftifoljs" fj bm `jrgm

3 Bm cjgpitifcom cjgufocmtovm is ib risubtmlj li vmroms cjgpitifcoms8krmgmtocmb" sjcojbofkòçstocm" loscursovm y istrmtïkocm

< Ib mpriflozmhi cjgufocmtovj fj is sjbj bm ripitocoóf li istructurms" ibpifsmgoiftj is ogpjrtmfti if ib prjcisj .psocjbjkçm cjkfotovm/

9 Ib mpriflozmhi is uf prjcisj mctovj8 mutjmpriflozmhi y mpriflozmhirispjfsmabi

0 Bm gifti lisigpiým uf pmpib cbmvi

; Ib mpriflozmhi is mcugubmtovj

> Ib mpriflozmhi bofkòçstocj toifi bukmr cumflj si trmsgotif gifsmhis cjfcjftifolj qui oftirism m bjs nmabmftis

? Ib prjìsjr is ufm kuçm if bm c bmsi

=5 Ib mbugfj is uf mkifti mctovj" fj sjbj pmrtocopm sofj qui isprjtmkjfostm lib prjcisj

IB GÏ\JLJ FM\YQMB

Bjs uflmgiftjs pjr bjs qui si roki isti gïtjlj ùirjf ibmajrmljs pjr \irrib yDrmsnif if =?>3 Ib tïrgofj fmturmb nmci riìrifcom" if bm ifsiýmfzm liolojgms" m bj qui si cjfjci cjgj mpriflozmhi fmturmb Iftri tjljs bjs rmskjsqui puilif liòfor ib gïtjlj" ib gís sjarismboifti is ib riìrolj m bmixpjsocoóf m bm bifkum" cjgj pmsj oflospifsmabi pmrm bjkrmr bm mlquosocoóf4 islicor" isti gïtjlj sjstoifi qui is gís ogpjrtmfti bm ofgirsoóf if bm bifkumqui si pritifli mpriflir qui bm prjluccoóf iscrotm .Gmrtçf" 155?/

Bm jarm li Drmsnif .=?>9/ tni ofput nopjtnisos" si cjfvortoó if ib pobmrùflmgiftmb li isti fuivj gïtjlj If istm jarm lm rispuistm m bm prikuftmcbmvi ‒ºcógj si bbikm m bm mlquosocoóf li ufm bifkum: Lmflj pjr rispuistmqui bm mlquosocoóf is `rutj li bm ixpjsocoóf oftifsm y cjftofumlm li quoifmprifli" pirj tifoiflj if cuiftm qui tmb ixpjsocoóf sim ribivmfti pmrm bmcjgufocmcoóf .Sífcniz" 155?/ Ujr tmftj" bm mlquosocoóf is iìctovm cumfljiscucnmgjs j biigjs y fj cumflj nmabmgjs j iscroaogjs4 bms listrizmsprjluctovms sjf sicuflmroms



3;

Urofcopojs lib gïtjlj fmturmb

= Bm ùfcoóf lib bifkumhi is mc obotmr bm c jgufocmcoóf

1 Bj ùflmgiftmb is bm trmfsgosoóf li cjftifoljs

3 Fj si pmrti li ufm tijrçm cjfcritm sofj sjari bm mlquosocoóf bofkòçstocm

< Bm mlquosocoóf lib bifkumhi toifi bukmr m fovib fj cjfscoifti

9 Ib mpriflozmhi pirtifici m bm cjkfocoóf" y puili myulmr m bmmlquosocoóf" pirj mgams sjf loìriftis

0 Ogpjrtmfcom li bm tijrçm lib gjfotjr" ib obtrj mìctovj y bm tijrçm lib ofput

; Ib mpriflozmhi fj surki li bm ripitocoóf gicífocm

> Ib mpriflozmhi toifi bukmr liftrj li uf gmrcj cjgufocmtovj ribivmfti

? Ib prjìsjr liai li j`ricir gmtiromb bofkòçstocj cjgprifsoabi

=5 Bm kistoóf li bm cbmsi is oftirmctovm y pmrtocopmtovm

IBGÏ\JLJ C JKFO\OPJ

Si iftoifli ib gïtjlj cjkfotovj cjgj mquib qui lm projrolml m bms ufcojfisli bm gifti if ib prjcisj li mpriflozmhi Ujr tmftj" cjgj mòrgm Sífcniz.155?/" ib gïtjlj krmgmtocmb istí ofcbuolj liftrj li isti krupj Cjf bmoftifcoóf li lmr rispuistm m bms liòcoifcoms qui gjstrmamf bjs mftirojrisgïtjljs" si bbivó m cmaj bm rivjbucoóf cjkfotovm cjgj krmf jpjsocoóf m bmcjfcipcoóf cjfluctostm .Gmrtçf" 155?/ Si iftoifli qui bm giti" if cumftjqui roki bjs prjcisjs giftmbis" lisigpiým uf pmpib cbmvi pmrm ibmpriflozmhi" y m bm viz" ib mpriflozmhi si aifiòcom li bm ri`bixoóf cjfscoiftilib ùfcojfmgoiftj y rikbms pjr bms qui si roki bm bifkum qui si pritifli

mpriflir Mligís" si crii qui ib mpriflozmhi risubtm gís iòcmz cumflj vmmcjgpmýmlj li bm cjfciptumbozmc oóf mlicumlm .Sífcniz" 155?/



3>

Urofcopojs lib gïtjlj cjkfotovj

= Bm bifkum is uf sostigm istructurm li ibigiftjs oftirribmcojfmljs quipirgoti bm cjgufocmc oóf

1 Ib sostigm si roki pjr ribmcojfis li cmríctir bókocj

3 Bm gifti lisigpiým uf pmpib cbmvi

< Ib mpriflozmhi si aifiòcom li bm ri`bixoóf cjfscoifti sjari ib sostigmbofkòçstocj y li bms rikbms qui bms rokif

9 Ib mpriflozmhi is gís iòcmz so vm mcjgpmýmlj li bm cjfciptumbozmcoófmlicumlm

0 @mvjricir bm ri`bixoóf ixpbçcotm if tjrfj m bjs prjabigms qui suaymcif

; Ib mpriflozmhi mutófjgj fj si cjftrmloci cjf bms ri`bixoóf sjari bjsibigiftjs bofkòçstocjs

> Ib prjìsjr ixpbocm bjs cjfciptjs suaymciftis j kuoífljbjs pmrm qui bjliscuarmf pjr ibbjs

? Ib mbugfj liai sir uf mkifti mctovj lib mpriflozmhi

IB GÏ\JLJ AMSMLJ IF BM SYKIS\JUILOM _ BM SYKIS\JBJKÇM

Bm sukistjbjkçm ùi liòfolm pjr Bjzmfjv cjgj ‒coifcom qui si jcupm libistuloj sostigítocj li bms of`buifcoms fj rmcojfmbis y fj cjfscoiftis quimctømf cjftofumgifti sjari ib sir nugmfj‗ .Sífcniz" 155?" 1=5/ Ujr tmftj" ibjahitovj profcopmb is trmtmr li ricjflucor isms ùirzms fj rmcojfmbis cjf bmoftifcoóf li mctovmr ib mpriflozmhi" utobozmflj pmrm ibbj cjsms cjgj bm gøsocmy ib tjfj li vjz Isti gïtjlj si roki pjr bm nopótisos li qui ib sir nugmfj sóbjutobozm uf <) li su ciriarj" litirgofmflj qui si prjluci profcopmbgifti pjramrrirms psocjbókocms Sof igamrkj" mòrgmf qui isms amrrirms pirgmficifmctovms if uf fovib suacjfscoifti y pmrm pirgotor ib cjftrjb cjfscoifti is

ficismroj ibogofmr bms sukistojfis .Sífcniz" 155?/ If isti gïtjlj" bms tïcfocmsli ribmhmcoóf y cjfciftrmcoóf si vuibvif ùflmgiftmbis pmrm uf auifmpriflozmhi" msç cjgj ib cjftixtj ib cumb liai li cjftmr cjf ufm auifmgøsocm li `jflj" cmfcojfis" huikjs" cmrtibis lib bukmr lib olojgm m mpriflir"itc .Gmrtçf" 155?/



3?

Urofcopojs lib gïtjlj amsmlj if bm sukistjpilom

= Si ùflmgiftm if bm ibogofmcoóf qui mquibbms of`buifcoms qui mìctmf if ibmpriflozmhi li gmfirm ofcjfscoifti

1 Bms tïcfocms li ribmhmcoóf y cjfciftrmcoóf sjf ogpriscofloabis

3 Ib cjftixtj is isifcomb pmrm ib mpriflozmhi y liai istmr aoif istructurmlj

< Ib prjìsjr liai cjftrjbmr bjs mspictjs qui gihjrif bm c jfciftrmcoóf

IB GÏ\JLJ CJGYFO\MQOJ

Fjrgmbgifti ixosti ufm krmf loìrifcom iftri bms `jrgms li mpriflir li uf

foýj y uf mlubtj" y sjf if isms cjsms if bms qui si òhm isti gïtjlj Yf mlubtjsi ifcuiftrm cjf ufms amrrirms psocjbókocms qui lis`mvjricif ib mpriflozmhi"ib foýj is gís ispjftífij" ib mlubtj guistrm goilj m iquovjcmrsi mligís lisir gís cjfscoifti lib prjcisj li mpriflozmhi" itc Currmf" prjpubsjr li istigïtjlj" si òhm ispicombgifti if bms amrrirms psocjbókocms qui guistrmf bjsmlubtjs m bm njrm li mpriflir y ricurri m sjbucojfis li jrlif psocjbókocjpmrm risjbvirbj Ujr ibbj" if isti gïtjlj ib prjìsjr si cjfvoirti if cjfsihirj yib mbugfj if pmcoifti j cboifti Bm @jrki" loscçpubj li Currmf" cjfsolirmcjgj gís sjarismboifti if bm cbmsi istms tris rimbolmlis8 bm cbmsi ogpbocm

kifti" mpriflir ufm bifkum sokfoòcm qui ixostif pirsjfms if oftirmccoóflofígocm" y mpriflir ufm bifkum ogpbocm kifti qui rispjfli Ujr istipbmftimgoiftj" ib gïtjlj cjgufotmroj nm solj cjfsolirmlj ib gís nugmfostmli tjljs bjs gïtjljs .Sífcniz" 155?/



<5

Urofcopojs lib gïtjlj cjgufotmroj

= Ib bifkumhi is uf prjcisj sjc omb

1 Ib bifkumhi liai iftiflirsi cjgj pmrti lib tjlj qui is ib sir nugmfj

3 Bm bifkum jrmb toifi projrolml `rifti m bm iscrotm

< Bm bifkum is oftirmccoóf

9 Ib mpriflozmhi is kbjamb" nugmfçstocj u njbçstocj

0 Si riquoiri li uf istmlj mìctovj8 sikurolml if sç gosgj" mtifcoóf m bj quisi nmci" ri`bixoóf" ritifcoóf y cmpmcolml li loscirfor bj qui mprifli

; Ib mpriflozmhi is iòcmz so istí amsmlj if bm rispjfsmaobolml lib oflovoluj

> Ib mpriflozmhi liai ogpbocmr m tjlj ib sir nugmfj if tjljs suscjgpjfiftis

? Bm ifsiýmfzm liai mlmptmrsi m bms loìriftis itmpms lib mpriflozmhi

=5 Ib prjìsjr is ib prjtmkjfostm y kuçm li bm cbmsi4 mb gosgj toigpj mctømcjgj cjfsihirj

== Ib mbugfj is uf mkifti mctovj

IB GÏ\JLJ AMSMLJ IF BMS OF\IBOKIFCOMS GØB\OUBIS

Bjs prjìsjris sjf cjfscoiftis li qui cmlm mbugfj toifis ufms cumbolmlis y"pjr tmftj" fj tjljs mpriflif li bm gosgm `jrgm _ bm bostm li cumbolmlis cjfbm qui si lostofkuif cmlm ufj is guy bmrkm Cjfsolirmr tjlms isms loìrifcomsy cumbolmlis is gitirfjs li bbifj if ib cmgpj li bms oftibokifcoms gøbtopbiscjf Njwmrl Kmrlfir cjgj su prjgjtjr Sikøf Kmrlfir .=??3/" bms lostoftmsoftibokifcoms si cjfcritmf if gólubjs ispicçòcjs lib ciriarj" pjr bj quicmlm mctovolml sirí mlicumlm pmrm mctovmr ufj u jtrj gólubj If istigïtjlj si mòrgm qui ib bifkumhi is uf sostigm cjgpbihj" mb okumb qui bmoftibokifcom if bm qui si sustiftm Ujr tmftj" ib mpriflozmhi is cjgpbihj ylipiflirí li bms loìriftis oftibokifcoms qui ifkbjamf bm oftibokifcom tjtmbMligís" si riquoiri qui bjs prjìsjris si mlicuif m bms lostoftms topjbjkçms lioftibokifcoms qui si vmf m ifcjftrmr pmrm cjfsikuor risubtmljs óptogjs.Sífcniz" 155?/



<=

Urofcopojs lib gïtjlj amsmlj if bms OG

= Fj pmrti li ufm tijrçm bofkòçstocm litirgofmlm Sóbj cjfstmtm bmoftirlipiflifcom qui ixosti iftri bms oftibokifcoms

1 Bm bifkum is uf sostigm cjgpbihj

3 Ib mpriflozmhi is cjgpbihj" lipifli li bms loìriftis oftibokifcoms

< Cmlm oftibokifcom si mctovm cjf uf topj li mctovolmlis

9 Ib mpriflozmhi si jptogozm mtifloiflj m bjs lostoftjs topjs li oftibokifc oms

0 Ib prjìsjr liairí mlicumrsi m bjs loìriftis topjbjkçms li oftibokifcom

; Ib prjìsjr is ib rispjfsmabi li mlmptmr su trmamhj m bm olojsofcrmsom li bjmbugfjs

IB GÏ\JLJ LIB BÏ OC J

Isti gïtjlj surki cjgj rimccoóf cjftrm tjljs bjs gïtjljs ciftrmljs if bmkrmgítocm" y si riòirif m bm gosgm cjgj bm rispjfsmabi lib `rmcmsj if ibmpriflozmhi y ifsiýmfzm Bms ofvistokmcojfis rimbozmlms sjari ib bïxocj nmfpirgotolj litictmr qui ib prjtmkjfosgj lib bïxocj if ib prjcisj cjgufocmtovj

is guy ogpjrtmfti" msç cjgj qui bm krmgítocm fj is tmf mutófjgm rispictjmb bïxocj Jtrj nicnj liscuaoirtj if bms ofvistokmcojfis is qui bm bifkum simprifli cjf `ricuifcom fj gigjrozmflj pmbmarms mosbmlms" sofj sicuifcomsli pmbmarms cjgj `rmsis" ixprisojfis j cjfhuftjs li pmbmarms qui siguistrmf cjgj ofsipmrmabis .msjcomcojfis priìriftis/

Cjgj mòrgm Cbmrd .=??3/ ib bïxocj is uf cjfhuftj li pmbmarms li bms cumbisnmcif usj bjs nmabmftis li bm bifkum j m bms qui ricurrif cumflj iscucnmfIb bïxocj is guy cjgpbihj" y fj rilucoabi m bms sogpboòcmcojfis qui suibififcjftrmrsi if bjs boarjs" pjr bj qui si ofsosti" if ib gosgj" if bm kbjambolml libbifkumhi Mligís si ricuirlm qui ib mpriflozmhi fj is bofimb" fjrgmbgiftimprifligjs pjr cocbjs pjcj liòfoljs qui fj soigpri cjftrjbmgjs Si lm pjrsupuistj qui ib mpriflozmhi gilomfti ib usj cjgufocmtovj y rimb li bm bifkumis gís mlicumlj y iòcmz .Sífcniz" 155?/



<1

Urofcopojs lib gïtjlj lib bïxocj

= Bm krmgítocm fj is mutófjgm cjf rispictj mb bïxocj

1 Ib bifkumhi is progirj jrmb

3 If ib prjcisj cjgufocmtovj is guy ogpjrtmfti ib bïxocj

< Umrm mpriflir uf gmyjr føgirj li vjcmaubmroj is gís mlicumljrimbozmrbj m trmvïs li sicuifcom li pmbmarms qui si guistrmf ofsipmrmabis

9 Ib mpriflozmhi si bbivm m cmaj gilomfti cocbjs pjcj liòfoljs

IB GÏ\JLJ AMSMLJ IF CJGUI\IFCOMS BOFKÒÇS\OCMS

Bms cjgpitifcoms is uf tigm guy cmflifti if bm mctumbolml ilucmtovm _ fjoam m sir gifjs if bm ifsiýmfzm li bms bifkums Ib tïrgofj cjgpitifcom nmsolj guy utobozmlj if bm oflustrom" y si nm msjcomlj mb nicnj li qui mlquororufm cjgpitifcom si trmluci `ícobgifti if risubtmljs òfmbis y cumftoòcmabisSof igamrkj" if ib cmgpj lib mpriflozmhi li bifkums fj is `ícob cjfstmtmr bjsrisubtmljs mbcmfzmljs li gmfirm jahitovm Si iftoifli qui bm bifkum is ufofstrugiftj cjgufocmtovj li cmríctir ùfcojfmb" is licor" qui si utobozm pmrmmbkj if cjfcritj" pmrm nmcir cjsms" y if cjfsicuifcom" bj progjrlomb is quiib nmabmfti puilm utobozmrbm pmrm bbivmr m cmaj mccojfis j lismrrjbbmr bms

cjgpitifcoms qui pric osi Ib mpriflozmhi istmrí cjflocojfmlj pjr ib bjkrj licjgpitifcoms y sirvorí m isms ficisolmlis .Sífcniz" 155?/

Urofcopojs lib gïtjlj amsmlj if cjgpitifcoms bofkòçstocms

= Bm bifkum is uf ofstrugiftj cjgufocmtovj li cmríc tir ufcojfmb

1 Bm bifkum toifi uf cmríctir ofstrugiftmb

3 Ib mpriflozmhi istmrí cjflocojfmlj pjr ib bjkrj li cjgpitifcoms

< Mpriflozmhi ciftrmlj if bms ficisolmlis li bjs mbugfjs

9 Bjs prjkrmgms ljciftis istíf cjflocojfmljs pjr ib bjkrj li litirgofmlmscjgpitifcoms

0 Mpriflozmhi lorokolj m bm mccoóf y li cmríc tir cjgufocmtovj

; Ib prjìsjr cjgj kuçm y jroiftmljr

> Ib mbugfj is uf mkifti mctovj



<3

IB GÏ\JLJ OF\IKQMB

Li gmfirm kifirmb tjljs bjs gïtjljs qui nmf olj surkoiflj su`rif ufm siroi

li bogotmc ojfis qui pmrtif lib cmríctir cirrmlj li bjs profcopojs pjr bjs qui sirokif Ujr ibbj" mbkufjs mutjris nmf mòrgmlj qui igpoizm bm irm pjsgïtjlj.Qocnmrls y Qjlkirs" 155=4 Dugmrmvmlovibu" 1550/" iftoiflj pjr tmb qui siofocom ib òfmb li gïtjlj øfocj" pmrm pmsmr m jtrm if bm qui si ofstmbm ufprmkgmtosgj gitjljbókocj" m bm viz qui si mctovmf vmbjris ciftrmljs if ibmbugfj y bms picubomrolmlis li cmlm mbugfj Si trmtmrçm li uf gïtjlj fjixcbuyifti" cmpmz li oftikrmr ibigiftjs lovirsjs liftrj li uf tjljcjnirifti .Sífcniz" 155?/ Ib gïtjlj oftikrmb mlgoti bm prisifcom li tjljsmquibbjs ibigiftjs cuym iòcmc om nmym quilmlj prjamlm Ib øfocj riquosotj mbqui liai mtifirsi uf gïtjlj oftikrmb is qui sus cjgpjfiftis istïf

liaolmgifti oftikrmljs if bm gitjljbjkçm pbmftimlm y soigpri li ufmgmfirm cjnirifti

Bjs ibigiftjs qui suaymcif li bm tijrçm bofkòçstocm y qui liaif sirvor cjgjamsi pmrm isti gïtjlj sjf bjs sokuoiftis" tmb y cjgj mòrgm Sífcniz .155?/8

= Bm bifkum toifi cjgj ùfcoóf progmrom nmcir pjsoabi y `mcobotmr bm

cjgufocmcoóf

1 Bm bifkum ogpbocm oftirmccoóf" y liaigjs li tifir if cuiftm qui tmb

oftirmc coóf si prjlucif tmftj if ib bifkumhi iscrotj cjgj if ib jrmb

3 Ib bifkumhi si gmtirombozm if uf cjfhuftj li ibigiftjs `jrgmbis qui

suibif lifjgofmrsi ibigiftjs bofkòçstocjs _ bj ogpjrtmfti li tmbis

ibigiftjs is qui istíf jrkmfozmljs y sostigmtozmljs Ujr tmftj is guy

ogpjrtmfti cjfjcir cógj liaif istmr puistjs ufjs cjf bjs jtrjs y

cuíbis sjf bms ribmc ojfis qui gmftoifif

< Cmlm ufm li bms bifkums if qui si cjfcritm ib bifkumhi si sustiftm if

bm krmgítocm qui bi is prjpom Sof ibbm fj sirçm pjsoabi su ixostifcom Uirj

mligís ib sir nugmfj bi mýmli jtrjs ibigiftjs qui mcmamf soiflj

cjfsustmfcombis

9 Bm bifkum is ri`bihj li bm cubturm li bm cjgufolml li nmabmftis Locnm

cubturm si gmfoòistm if gubtotul li vmromftis y gmtocis

Istjs cofcj rmskjs jtjrkmf ufm krmf cjgpbiholml tmftj if ixtifsoóf cjgj ifprjùflolml Sof igamrkj" tifkmgjs if cuiftm qui ufm tijrçm lib bifkumhi

is cjgpbihm y si liai li tifir if cuiftm cumflj si pritifli `jrgubmr bmgitjljbjkçm m lismrrjbbmr



<<

Urofcopojs lib gïtjlj oftikrmb

= Bm bifkum is uf sostigm li cjgufocmc oóf

1 Bj ùflmgiftmb if bm cjgufocmcoóf is ib sokfoòcmlj lib gifsmhi qui sitrmfsgoti

3 Bm cjgpitifcom cjgufocmtovm istí oftikrmlm pjr vmrojs cjgpjfiftis

< Ib cjgpjfifti `jrgmb li bm bifkum is isifcomb pmrm kmrmftozmr bmòmaobolml y pricosoóf if bm trmfsgosoóf lib gifsmhi

9 Ib sir nugmfj qui mprifli is `rutj li bm cjfhufcoóf li mspictjcjkfotovjs" mìctovjs y çsocjs

0 Ib mpriflozmhi is uf prjcisj mctovj qui pricosm li bm pmrtocopmcoófrispjfsmabi y mutjfjgçm lib oflovoluj

; Bm gifti huikm uf pmpib cbmvi

> Ib mpriflozmhi si bbivm m cmaj gilomfti bm myulm li prjcisj giftmbis"ripitocoóf li mctjs lib nmabm" òhmcoóf li bjs lostoftjs ibigiftjs cjf bmmyulm li bjs cofcj siftoljs

? Bm príctocm ùflmgiftmb pmrm gmftifir bj mpriflolj

=5 Ib mpriflozmhi liai istmr liftrj li uf gmrcj cjgufocmtovj ribivmfti

== Ib prjìsjr is uf gilomljr

=1 Ib mbugfj is mkifti y aifiòcomroj øfocj lib mpriflozmhi

=3 Ib sostigm bofkòçstocj li bm bifkum gmtirfm mctumrí if ib trms`jflj cjgjobtrj

If bm tmabm qui prisiftmgjs m cjftofumcoóf softitozmgjs bjs mspictjs gíslistmcmljs li cmlm ufj li bjs gïtjljs li ifsiýmfzm lib ofkbïs m bjs quimc mamgjs li nmcir mbusoóf



<9

KQMG \OCM JQMB*ISCQO\M

PJC MAYBMQOJ LILYC\OPJ*OFLYC\OPJ

UQJ@ISJQ MBYGFJ CJ F\I \J N AO\JS*UQÍC\OCM

\QMLOCOJFMB f`msos rikbmskrmgítocm

Iscrotm Gigjrozmcoóf livjcmaubmroj

Mpriflozmhililuctovj

Urjtmkjfostm ymutjrolml

Umsovj Fj si toifi ifcuiftm

Uríctocm pmrm ibmpriflozmhi

LOQIC\J Fj si ifsiým Jrmb Msjcomcoóf iftrijahitj y pmbmarm

Mpriflozmhiofluctovj

Kistojfm bm cbmsi Mctovj.oftirmctøm/

\jlj liftrj libcjftixtj

Uríctocm pmrm ibmpriflozmhi

MYLOJ'JQMB Fj si cjftigpbm Jrmb Fj si ifsiýmlorictmgifti


Gjlibj mriprjlucor

Mctovj.pmrtocopm/

Fj si cjftigpbm Mpriflozmhi cjgj`jrgmcoóf liníaotjs

SO\YMCOJFMB Fj si cjftigpbm Jrmb Bokmlms mb cjftixtj Mpriflozmhiofluctovj

Gjlibj mriprjlucor

Mctovj.pmrtocopm/

Qiùirzm bjmpriflolj

Mpriflozmhi cjgj`jrgmcoóf liníaotjs

IS\QYC\YQJKBJAMB

Fj si cjftigpbm Jrmb Urogirj li gmfirmkbjamb


Gjlibj mriprjlucor

Mctovj.pmrtocopm/

Bokmlj mb cjftixtj Mpriflozmhi cjgj`jrgmcoóf liníaotjs

CJGYFOCM\OPJ @ufcojfiscjgufocmtovmspjr ifcogm li bmkrmgítocm

Jrmb Ib bïxocj isùflmgiftmb pmrm bmcjgufocmcoóf

Ofluctovj yliluctovj

Ib kuçm li bm cbmsi Mctovj8 mutj'mpriflozmhiympriflozmhirispjfsmabi

Fj si cjftigpbm Fj sóbj ripitocoóf"ib pifsmgoiftj isogpjrtmfti

FM\YQMB Fj si cjftigpbm Jrmb Mpriflozmhi ligmfirm fjcjfscoifti


J`rici gmtirombbofkòçstocjcjgprifsoabi

Mctovj Gmrcjcjgufocmtovjribivmfti

Mpriflozmhi fjsurki li bmripitocoófgicífocm

CJKFO\OPJ Qi bixoófcjfscoifti li bmsrikbms

Jrmb yiscrotm

Mcjgpmýmlj licjfciptumbozmcoóf


Ifsiým y kuçm Mctovj Bmcjfciptumbozmcoófgihjrm ibmpriflozmhi

Fj si bbivm m cmajripitocojfis

SYKIS\JUILOM Mspictj

sicuflmroj

Jrmb y

iscrotm

Bokmlj m uf gihjr

cjftixtj

'' Cjftrjb li bm

sotumcoóf

Mctovj Ib mspictj

ùflmgiftmb libgïtjlj

Fj si cjftigpbm

CJGYFO\MQOJ Fj si cjftigpbm Jrmb Mpriflozmhi njbçstocj Mpriflozmhiofluctovj

Urjtmkjfostm ykuçm" cjfsihirj

Mctovj Ib mpriflozmhi iskbjamb

Fj si cjftigpbm

AMSMLJ IF BMSO&G&

Si cjftigpbmbokmlj m bmslostoftmsoftibokifcoms

Jrmb yiscrotm

Bokmlm m bms lostoftmsoftibokifcoms


Mlmptm m bmolojsofcrmsom li bjsmbugfjs

Mctovj Lipifloiflj libms lostoftmsoftibokifcoms

Fj si cjftigpbm



<0

B OCJ Mspictjsicuflmroj

Jrmb yiscrotm

@uflmgiftmb"sicuifcom lipmbmarms


Ifsiým y kuçm Mc tovj Ib mpriflozmhi vostjlisli sukbjambolml

Fj si cjftigpbm

CJGUI\IFCOMBOFK&

Bokmlj m bmscjgpitifcomsqui si vmfmlquoroiflj

Jrmb yiscrotm

Bokmlj m bmscjgpitifcoms quisi vmf mlquoroiflj


Kuçm y jroiftmljr Mctovj Ciftrmlj if ibmbugfj

Fj si cjftigpbm

OF\IKQMB Ogpjrtmfticjfjcir cjgj isbm istructurmkrmgmtocmb

Jrmb yiscrotm

Ogpjrtmfti c jfjcirbjs ibigiftjsbofkòçstocjs


Gilomljr Mkifti yaifi`ocomrojøfocj

Liftrj li ufgmrcjcjgufocmtovjribivmfti

Bm ripitocoóf sibbivm m cmaj huftjm jtrjs mspictjs



<;

0& BM OGUJQ\MFCOM LI BM GIGJQOM _ BMPOSYMBOXMCOÓF IF IB MUQIFLOXMHI LIB OFKBÏS&

Cumflj si nm oftiftmlj litirgofmr bjs `mc tjris pirsjfmbis qui litirgofmf ibmpriflozmhi lib ofkbïs" bjs krmflis mutjris li istm rmgm .Ibbos" =?>94 Arjwf"=?>;/ toiflif m fj nmabmr li bm gigjrom y ciftrmrsi if bjs mspictjs lioftibokifcom" mctotul" bm ilml" bm pirsjfmbolml y bm gjtovmcoóf Sof igamrkj"cjgj aoif mòrgm Gjrkmlj .1559/" bj qui mprifligjs is bj qui si vmmbgmcifmflj if fuistrj ciriarj cjfstotuyiflj bj qui lifjgofmgjsgigjrom Ujr tmftj" fj nmy mpriflozmhi sof gigjrom fo gigjrom sofmpriflozmhi" si trmtm li bms ljs cmrms li ufm gosgm gjfilm" ljs prjcisjsqui istíf bokmljs li ufm gmfirm cbmrm y if coirtj gjlj cjofcoliftis

Lurmfti gucnj toigpj si nm cjgitolj ib irrjr li cjfsolirmr ib mpriflozmhicjgj uf prjcisj giftmb goiftrms qui lihmamf m bm gigjrom cjgj uf sogpbimbgmcïf li of`jrgmcoóf Sof igamrkj" mctumbgifti si cjfsolirm m bmgigjrom uf prjcisj lofígocj qui mbgmcifm of`jrgmcoóf pirj locnmof`jrgmcoóf istí sjgitolm m cjfstmftis cmgaojs lipifloiftis li lovirsjs`mctjris cjgj puili sir bm mlquosocoóf li fuivjs cjfjcogoiftjs j bmrioftirpritmcoóf li of`jrgmcoóf ym mbgmcifmlm mftirojrgifti Ujr jtrj bmlj"ib mpriflozmhi is cjfsolirmlj cjgj uf prjcisj li mlquosocoóf li fuivjscjfjcogoiftjs" cjfluctms y `jrgms li oftirmccoóf cjf ib mgaoifti Ujrcjfsokuoifti" cumflj si mprifli si gjloòcm bm gigjrom" pirj m bm vizmlquoror fuivjs cjfjcogoiftjs lipifli li bm of`jrgmcoóf qui ym istí if bmgigjrom .Airrjcmb y Nirgolm" 1551/

Ib prjcisj li `jrgmcoóf li bm gigjrom cuiftm cjf ljs istmlojssuasicuiftis8 bm gigjrom m cjrtj pbmzj y bm gigjrom m bmrkj pbmzj Bm progirmli ibbms is uf sostigm li mbgmcifmgoiftj pmrm ufm cmftolml bogotmlm liof`jrgmcoóf lurmfti uf cjrtj pirojlj li toigpj Si trmtm" pjr tmftj" li ufmgigjrom ofgilomtm pmrm bjs istçgubjs qui si mcmamf li ric oaor Bm gigjrom mbmrkj pbmzj is jtrj sostigm li mbgmcifmgoiftj li of`jrgmcoóf" pirj if isticmsj pmrm ufm krmf cmftolml li bm gosgm y lurmfti toigpj ofliòfolj Sitrmtm li bm gigjrom qui fjs pirgoti ricjrlmr tjlj sjari fjsjtrjs" bm bifkumqui nmabmgjs y tmgaoïf jtrms bifkums qui mprifligjs .Gjrkmlj" 1559/Jtrjs mutjris nmf nmabmlj li jtrj topj li gigjrom" bm gigjrom sifsjromb"cmrmctirozmlm pjr rikostrmr li gmfirm ùkmz bm of`jrgmcoóf qui ricoaogjs mtrmvïs li bjs siftoljs .Sno``rof y Mttodsjf" =?;;/4 m pifms si gmftoifi bmof`jrgmcoóf ufm `rmccoóf li sikuflj y so fj si pristm mtifcoóf si poirli j ifcmsj cjftrmroj pmsm m bm gigjrom m cjrtj pbmzj

So fjs ciftrmgjs if bm ifsiýmfzm lib ofkbïs" if bm nostjrom li bjs lostoftjsgïtjljs qui ym nigjs pjlolj jasirvmr" bm gigjrom ùi uf ibigiftjlistmcmlj mufqui pjcj m pjcj ùi pmsmflj m sikuflj pbmfj Mbkufjs li



<>

bjs gïtjljs qui nigjs majrlmlj toifif liftrj li sus profcopojs y criifcomspmrm ib mpriflozmhi li bm sikuflm bifkum mctovolmlis li ripitocojfis jrmbisBms tijrçms cjkfotovms" qui iftoiflif ib mpriflozmhi cjgj ufm cjfstmftiricjfstruccoóf" msç cjgj bm ogpbmftmcoóf li gïtjljs cjgufocmtovjs nmfnicnj qui si jbvoli mctovolmlis bm ripitocoóf li pmbmarms j sogpbigifti bmbicturm if vjz mbtm .H ogïfiz" =??>/

Sof igamrkj" pmrici ogpriscofloabi ixtrmpjbmr coirtms cjfcbusojfis li bmofvistokmcoóf sjari bm gigjrom if ib mpriflozmhi lib ofkbïs Msç pjr ihigpbj" bmofvistokmcoóf if isti cmgpj puili j`ricir bm pjsoaobolml li nmbbmr bmrispuistm mlicumlm lib iftjrfj pmrm qui ib mbugfj msogobi ib gíxogjpjsoabi y li `jrgm lurmlirm Jtrj mspic tj m tifir if cuiftm if ribmcoóf m bmgigjrom y ib mpriflozmhi lib ofkbïs is bm ribmcoóf ixostifti cjf bj qui sicjfjci cjgj gigjrom sostïgocm bm cumb si ifcmrkm" pjr uf bmlj" libcjfjcogoiftj lib bifkumhi y" pjr jtrj" lib mbgmcifmgoiftj li bms pmbmarms mtrmvïs li ifbmcis sigíftocjs .H ogïfiz" =??>/ Ujr tmftj" si nmci ficismrojifsiýmrbi m jrkmfozmr su mpriflozmhi lib vjcmaubmroj m trmvïs limkrupmgoiftj li pmbmarms ribmcojfmlms" y fj li gmfirm ofcjfixm

Ujr jtrj bmlj" y fj gifjs ogpjrtmfti" liaigjs li tifir if cuiftm bmoftirvifcoóf li bjs lostoftjs siftoljs m bm njrm li mpriflir y li istm gmfirmiftiflir bm ixostifcom li loìrifcoms oflovolumbis Msç pjr ihigpbj" uf mbugfjpuili tifir gís lismrrjbbmlm bm gigjrom vosumb y ib usj li gmtiromb vosumbofcrigiftmrçm locnm gigjrom y gihjrmrçm ib mpriflozmhi Ujr istm gosgm vçm ymsi if`jcmam Ajwir .=?>5/ mb oflocmr bm cmpmcolml li prjcismr y ritifirof`jrgmcoóf vosumb mligís li bms cjfsicuifcoms pjsotovms lib usj li bmogmkif Liaigjs li tifir if cuiftm qui bm rutm vosumb li bm bicturm sisustiftm li bm gigjrom vosumb" y if ribmcoóf m bm iscroturm" bm gigjrom vosumb fjspirgoti ricjrlmr cógj si iscroaif cjrrictmgifti bms pmbmarmsCjfsicuiftigifti" bm gigjrom vosumb si cjfvoirti if uf mspictj isifcomb ifib mpriflozmhi li bm bifkum

\jlmvçm njy if lçm fj si toifi ufms cjfcbusojfis liòfotovms sjari ib gjlj liprjcilir li bm gigjrom" pjr bj qui si vmf crimflj lostoftms tijrçms li cógj

puili sir locnj ùfcojfmgoiftj Sof igamrkj" quilm cbmrj qui bm gigjromfj ùfcojfm li ufm gmfirm cmótocm sofj qui jailici m ufm siroi li biyisYfm li bms qui lorictmgifti si msjcom mb nmabmr li bm gigjrom is bmripit oc oóf Ib psocóbjkj Nirgmff Iaaofknmus ofvistokó m pmrtor lib mýj =>>9tjlj bj ribmc ojfmlj cjf bm gigjrom y ligjstró qui bm `mc obolml li riprjlucorbjs ricuirljs is lorictmgifti prjpjrcojfmb m bm ùirzm cjf bj qui bjs gosgjsistíf krmamljs if fuistrm gifti" y qui su òhmcoóf si nmci gís prjùflm mtrmvïs li bm ripitocoóf sostigítocm .Gjftimbikri" 1553/ So bj ciftrmgjs if ibígaotj lib mpriflozmhi li bm sikuflm bifkum" si puili iftiflir qui m ufmgmyjr ofvirsoóf li toigpj if bm ripitocoóf lib mctj li mpriflozmhi" gmyjr

cmbmlj tiflrí if bm gifti lib mbugfj .Airrjcmb y Nirgolm" 1551/ Sofigamrkj" mufqui istj sim coirtj" liaigjs li tifir if cuiftm qui ixostif



<?

jtrjs `mctjris of`buyiftis if locnm gigjrozmcoóf cjgj bm mctotul mctovm libmbugfj j bm gjtovmcoóf qui guistri .H ogïfiz" =??>/

Ujligjs risugor locoiflj qui bm gigjrom" mufqui gucnms vicis jbvolmlm"is uflmgiftmb if ib mpriflozmhi li cumbquoir of`jrgmcoóf y" mlquoroiflj ufm

ispicomb ogpjrtmfcom if ib mpriflozmhi li ufm sikuflm bifkum Fj si puilijavomr ib nicnj li qui sof ib usj li bm gigjrom" tmftj pmrm mbgmcifmr fuivmof`jrgmcoóf cjgj pmrm ricupirmr cjfjcogoiftjs ym mlquoroljs" fj si bbivm mcmaj uf auif mpriflozmhi Umrm ibbj bm ripitocoóf si nm cjfvirtolj if ufm`jrgm gís qui cjftrmstmlm cjf bm qui mlquoror fuivjs cjfjcogoiftjs y" pjrcjfsokuoifti" mbgmcifmrbm if bm gigjrom" cjgj si nm pjlolj cjfstmtmr if ibmpmrtmlj mftirojr ljfli mbkufjs li bjs profcopmbis gjlibjs utobozmf bmripitocoóf y bm príc tocm c jgj mspictj cbmvi if ib mpriflozmhi

Ujr jtrj bmlj" bm gigjrom vosumb if ribmcoóf mb mpriflozmhi fj quilm ixiftm

li prjtmkjfosgj" cjgj si nm pjlolj jasirvmr M bm njrm li mpriflir ibvjcmaubmroj y bm krmgítocm li gmfirm iscrotm si nmci ficismroj bmpircipcoóf vosumb pmrm pjlir mlquororbm y ricupirmrbm" bm cumb" m trmvïs li bmrutm vosumb" tirgofm mbgmcifífljsi if bm gigjrom vosumb Buikj" fj pjligjslihmr li bmlj uf mspictj cbmvi liftrj lib mpriflozmhi li bm sikuflm bifkumcjgj is bm iscroturm y bicturm li bm gosgm

;& MBKYFMS QI@BI OJFIS OFOCOMBIS SJAQI IBMUQIFLOXMHI CJF \MQHI\MS UMQM BM ML]YOSOCOÓF

LI BM BIFKYM OFKBISM&

\ifoiflj if cuiftm bm sotumc oóf mc tumb li fuistrj pmçs if bj ri`irolj mbcjfjcogoiftj lib ofkbïs iftri bjs istulomftis .ixpuistm if ib mpmrtmlj </" isivolifti qui mbkj fj si istí nmc oiflj aoif if bms iscuibms

Bm ivjbucoóf iftri bjs lo`iriftis gïtjljs if bm ifsiýmfzm lib ofkbïs nmligjstrmlj qui ib gïtjlj krmgmtocmb nm quilmlj supirmlj pjr jtrjsgïtjljs" m pismr li bj mftirojr ïstm sokui soiflj bm `jrgm profcopmb gilomftibm qui si ifsiým liftrj li bm ifsiýmfzm `jrgmb Ujr jtrm pmrti bjs amhjs

risubtmljs mbcmfzmljs pjr bjs mbugfjs if bm ifsiýmfzm `jrgmb jcmsojfmf quiif krmf gilolm ïstjs tifkmf qui ricurror m jtrjs sostigms li ifsiýmfzm iftribjs qui profcopmbgifti si ifcuiftrmf bms mcmligoms li ofkbïs" if bms qui ifbm gmyjrçm li bjs cmsjs si sokuif riprjlucoiflj bjs gosgjs gïtjljs"rilucoïfljsi pjr tmftj bms kmrmftçms li ïxotj if ib mpriflozmhi lib olojgm ysupjfoiflj uf kmstj ixtrm if gucnms `mgoboms

If istm bçfim is ogpjrtmfti listmcmr bm utobozmcoóf li gïtjljs if bjs qui bmkrmgítocm fj is bj gís ogpjrtmfti" bm ogpjrtmfcom rmlocm if mpjstmr pjr uftopj li mpriflozmhi ofluctovj if ib qui ib mbugfj is cmpmz li ixtrmir bm rikbm

kifirmb li bm krmgítocm ufm viz ljgofmljs litirgofmljs cjfciptjs"prjcilogoiftjs y ibigiftjs li ufm fuivm bifkum



95

Gïtjljs cjgj ib lorictj" ib muloj jrmb" ib sotumcojfmb" ib cjgufocmtovj" ibfmturmb j ib bïxocj" toifif if cuiftm mspictjs jbvolmljs if bm ifsiýmfzm`jrgmb y trmlocojfmb lib ofkbïs pirj qui sç si cjftigpbmf pjr ihigpbj if ufsostigm li mpriflozmhi cjf tmrhitms

Cumflj nmabmgjs li mpriflozmhi pjr tmrhitms fjs riìrogjs m uf cjgpbihjgïtjlj .if su losiýj y istructurmcoóf/ pmrm bm ifsiýmfzm lib ofkbïs .if ibcmsj qui fjs jcupm/ Ib prjìsjr guistrm mb mbugfj li gmfirm cjfsicutovmloìriftis tmrhitms qui ofcbuyif ufm pmbmarm*`rmsi if ispmýjb \rms bmixpbocmcoóf j`ricolm pjr ib prjìsjr rispictj m bm tmrhitm bjs mbugfjs if cjrjliairíf licor bm pmbmarm*`rmsi if ofkbïs Fj si gjstrmrí ufm tmrhitm fuivmnmstm qui bjs mbugfjs fj nmymf mòmfzmlj cjrrictmgifti bm mftirojr Bmsripitocojfis li bjs abjquis li tmrhitms oríf if mugiftj li vibjcolml nmstmmbcmfzmr tris ripitocojfis li cmlm abjqui m ufm vibjcolml gíxogm lisikuflj pjr tmrhitm Ib aucbi istmabicolj if isti sostigm is ib sokuoifti8IÛBOCMCOÓF6UQIKYF\M6QISUYIS\M6CJF@OQGMCOÓF Bm ixpbocmcoóf ofocomb bmrimbozm ib prjìsjr li bm `jrgm nmaotumb4 bm prikuftm cjfsosti if gjstrmr bmtmrhitm mb mbugfj4 bm rispuistm is bm qui lm ib mbugfj if vjz mbtm4 bmcjfòrgmcoóf is tícotm ' so ib prjìsjr fj loci fmlm si iftoifli qui si nmcjftistmlj aoif" so fj nm cjftistmlj aoif ib prjìsjr rictoòcm y si ofocom ibprjcisj' .Ujcdbofktjf" 155?/

Ujligjs listmcmr lib gïtjlj li mpriflozmhi lib ofkbïs amsmlj if tmrhitmsufm siroi li ibigiftjs qui tmftj li gmfirm lorictm cjgj oflorictm sicjftigpbmf liftrj li bjs loìriftis gïtjljs li mpriflozmhi lib ofkbïs m bjsqui nigjs nicnj mbusoóf mftirojrgifti8

m Ogpjrtmfcom y ficisolml li bm gigjrozmcoóf" tmftj li pmbmrms ycjfciptjs cjgj li sicuifcoms krmgmtocmbis .muloj jrmb y bïxocj/

a Bms ripitocojfis mòmfzmf bm gigjrozmcoóf li ibigiftjs bj quimyulm if bm mkobolml y gihjrm li bjs prjcisjs oftibictumbis .mulojjrmb/

c Bm mlquosocoóf lib olojgm pjr vçm jrmb is mftirojr m bm vçm iscrotm

.sotumcojfmb/

l Bm mutjgmtozmcoóf li litirgofmljs mpriflozmhis*níaotjs isficismrom pmrm mòmfzmr cjfciptjs y gjvirsi cjf `buoliz pjr bjsvçfcubjs istmabicoljs if bjs isquigms giftmbis .lorictj" muloj jrmb"sotumcojfmb" istructurj kbjamb/

i Bm gigjrom is ogpjrtmfti soigpri y cumflj sorvm cjgj amsi m bmmlquosocoóf li mpriflozmhi sokfo ocmtovj .lorictj/

` Bms tmrhitms pirgotif lisgifuzmr ib mpriflozmhi if ufolmlis gçfogms



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k Bms ripitocojfis if cbmsi .cjrj/ `mcobotmf bm gihjrm li bm mlquosocoófli cjfciptjs pjr pmrti li tjljs bjs mbugfjs .cjgufotmroj/

n Bm ritrjmbogiftmcoóf ofgilomtm qui si prjguivi cjf bms tmrhitmsgjtovm y `jgiftm ib oftirïs pjr mpriflir iftri bjs mbugfjs

.cjgufocmtovj/

If liòfotovm" bm utobozmcoóf li tmrhitms pmrm bm mlquosocoóf li ufm fuivm bifkum"qui cjgj mcmamgjs li cjgprjamr si cjftigpbm iftri mbkufjs li bjsprofcopojs prjpuistjs if bjs loìriftis gïtjljs li ifsiýmfzm lib ofkbïs" isufm vçm rípolm y øtob pmrm mbcmfzmr `buoliz viramb y lisifvjbvirsi cjf ïxotj ifufm bifkum loìrifti m bm gmtirfm Isti ïxotj mugiftm bm gjtovmcoóf pjrmpriflir y bm cjfòmfzm lib mbugfj if sç gosgj y if sus pjsoaobolmlis bj quinmci qui ufm tmrim qui tmftj isùirzj supjfi if ib sostigm ilucmtovjispmýjb" si puili lismrrjbbmr cjf gihjris risubtmljs if ib mbugfmlj



93

BJS GM\IQOMBIS OGUQISJS LI @BYIFC _

M cjftofumcoóf prisiftmgjs ufm ivmbumcoóf li bjs gmtirombis ogprisjslosiýmljs pjr @buif c y Ol ojg m s cjgj ricursj cjgpbigiftmroj m bjs lostoftjs

cursjs prisifcombis li ofkbïs qui jìrtmf" qui ispirmgjs fjs pirgotm cjfjciry vmbjrmr gihjr ib gïtjlj gosgj

Nigjs istructurmlj ib of`jrgi li istm ivmbumcoóf if tris siccojfis If bmprogirm si rimbozm uf mfíbosos li bjs gmtirombis ivmbumljs if tjrfj m loìriftislogifsojfis li ivmbumcoóf y crotirojs .lmtjs li oliftoòcmcoóf" `jrgmtj yprisiftmcoóf li cjftifoljs" mctovolmlis" ricursjs j li mpjyj j gmtirombiscjgpbigiftmrojs" itc/ Umrm bm sibiccoóf li istjs crotirojs" si nmf utobozmlj bmsprjpuistms li ivmbumcoóf li gmtiromb lolíctocj ogprisj ibmajrmljs pjrSjbmfj y Uriflis .1553/ y ib gjlibj pmrm ivmbumr gmtirombis ogprisjs

prjpuistj pjr bm YFIL=

If istm progirm siccoóf" mufqui si rimbozm ufmivmbumcoóf kifirmb" si obustrmríf bjs risubtmljs jatifoljs cjf bjs ibigiftjs ymspictjs listmcmabis" if siftolj pjsotovj j fikmtovj" li bjs boarjs ivmbumljsBm sikuflm siccoóf cjftigpbm ufm vmbjrmcoóf pjr crotirojs y kbjamb li cmlmufj li bjs gmtirombis ogprisjs ivmbumljs" listmcmflj if isti cmsj bjsmspictjs pjsotovjs y gihjrmabis qui toifif cmlm ufj li bjs gmtirombis"igotoiflj mb òfmb uf huocoj li vmbjr sjari bm jarm cjgpbitm Ujr øbtogj" limcuirlj cjf bm ivmbumcoóf rimbozmlm" si prisiftmríf ufm siroi liricjgiflmcojfis y sukirifc oms li gihjrm

Bjs gmtirombis ogprisjs qui nmf solj jahitj li mfíbosos sjf8

KQYUJ FOPIB BOAQJ

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= Isti gjlibj puili sir cjfsubtmlj if bm sokuoifti YQB8

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Is ogpjrtmfti oflocmr qui" huftj mb mfíbosos y ivmbumcoóf li bjs gmtirombisogprisjs ispicoòcmljs" si nm cjfsubtmlj bm of`jrgmcoóf qui sjari bjs gosgjsmpmrici if bm píkofm wia1 li @buifcy

=& IPMBYMCOÓF LI BJS GM\IQOMBIS OGUQISJSBm ivmbumcoóf li bjs gmtirombis ogprisjs utobozmljs if bjs cursjs li @buifcy sinm rimbozmlj mtifloiflj m loìriftis logifsojfis li mfíbosos" liftrj li bmscuíbis si nmf ispicoòcmlj loìriftis crotirojs oftiftmflj msç ricjkir bmgíxogm of`jrgmcoóf pjsoabi sjari bm ivmbumcoóf rimbozmlm Istms logifsojfis ycrotirojs cjftigpbmljs nmf solj8

M UQISIF\MCOÓF LIB BOAQJ

' Of`jrgmcoóf kifirmb sjari ib cjftixtj li usj' Of`jrgmcoóf sjari bjs mutjris' Of`jrgmcoóf lolíctocm aísocm .jahitovjs4 cjftifoljs4 cjgpitifcoms4

cjrrispjflifcom cjf fovib4 gitjljbjkçm y ivmbumcoóf/

A UQISIF\MC OÓF LI BJS CJF\IFOLJS

' Mlicumlm jrkmfozmc oóf lib çfloci li cjftifoljs' Istructurmcoóf y jrkmfozmcoóf li bm of`jrgmcoóf' Mlicumcoóf m bjs jahitovjs y cjftifoljs' Cjnirifcom oftirfm

1nttp8**@buifcy&is*

http://fluency.es/

http://fluency.es/

http://fluency.es/

http://fluency.es/



99

' \opjkrm`çm y cjbjr lib tixtj' Yfolml li `jrgmtj' Cjgpmkofmcoóf y gírkifis

C OGÍKIFIS

' Urjpjrcoóf" tmgmýj y lostroaucoóf' Cmbolml istïtocm' Ysj lib cjbjr' @ufcoóf' Mlicumcoóf mb mbugfmlj' Mlicumcoóf m bjs cjftifoljs y jahitovjs

L MC\OPOLMLIS

' Pofcubmc oóf cjf ib bjkrj li bjs jahitovjs' Logifsoóf príctocm li bjs cjftifoljs' Ofstruccojfis y jroiftmcojfis pmrm su rimbozmcoóf' Lovirsolml li mc tovolmlis' Qibmc oóf cjf bm ivmbumc oóf

I QICYQSJS CJGUBIGIF\MQOJS

Sokuoiflj bms logifsojfis y crotirojs ispico`ocmljs" prjciligjs m prisiftmr bjsrisubtmljs li bm ivmbumcoóf li bjs gmtirombis ogprisjs

@ IPMBYMCOÓF

UQISIF\MC OÓF LIB BOAQJ

Lisli ufm pirspictovm pilmkókocm" cjfsolirmgjs qui cumbquoir gmtirombogprisj lolíctocj liai cjftifir m gjlj li oftrjluccoóf" próbjkj jmpïfloci ufm prisiftmcoóf lib gmfumb qui si vm m utobozmr" qui ricjhmof`jrgmcoóf ri`irolm mb cjftixtj li usj" of`jrgmcoóf sjari bjs mutjris y*j ifsu cmsj sjari ib iquopj ljcifti" i of`jrgmcoóf lolíctocm aísocm sjari bjsjahitovjs m bjkrmr" bjs cjfjcogoiftjs privojs riquiroljs" bms cjgpitifcoms m

lismrrjbbmr" bm gitjljbjkçm m sikuor y bm ivmbumcoóf Istm of`jrgmcoóf sirvorípmrm qui ib mbugfmlj cjfjzcm bm of`jrgmcoóf kifirmb sjari ib cursj m rimbozmry bi pirgotm tjgmr ufm licosoóf sjari bm rimbozmcoóf lib gosgj

\rms ivmbumr bjs gmtirombis" si olifto ocm qui fj tjljs bjs gmtirombis sjgitoljsm ivmbumcoóf prisiftmf istm of`jrgmcoóf aísocm Bm gmyjrçm li bjs boarjsofcbuyi of`jrgmcoóf risugolm sjari istjs crotirojs if bm cjftrmpjrtmlm" pirj bjsboarjs ‒Dolz 1‗" bm Cjbiccoóf li boarjs li ‒Fiw Qjuti‗ y ib ‒Oftirgilomti Ifkbosn;‗ fj ofcbuyif fofkøf topj li of`jrgmcoóf mb rispictj Istm of`jrgmcoóf nm soljcjfsubtmlm pmrm bm ivmbumcoóf qui fjs jcupm if bm píkofm wia4 sof igamrkj"

møf msç si cjfsolirm ufm of`jrgmcoóf guy risugolm" iscmsm pmrm sircjfsolirmlm ufm of`jrgmcoóf oftrjluctjrom y kuçm lolíctocm lib gmtiromb qui



90

vm m sirvor li mpjyj mb lismrrjbbj li bjs cursjs Msogosgj" cjfsolirmgjs quitmftj bm of`jrgmcoóf ofcbuolm if bm píkofm wia" cjgj bm of`jrgmcoóf ofcbuolmif bm cjftrmpjrtmlm li mbkufjs li bjs boarjs" fj liai if fofkøf cmsj sustotuorbm ofcbusoóf if ib boarj li ufm oftrjluccoóf" próbjkj" prisiftmc oóf j mpïflocicjf of`jrgmcoóf sjari @buifcy" ib cjftixtj li usj lib gmtiromb" bjs mutjris y bmof`jrgmcoóf lolíctocm aísocm

\rms bm rivosoóf lib cjftifolj ofcbuolj if bjs risøgifis qui si ofcbuyif if bmcjftrmpjrtmlm" cjgprjamgjs qui if cmso tjljs ibbjs si ofcbuyi of`jrgmcoófsjari bm gitjljbjkçm m sikuor if bms cbmsis" bm of`jrgmcoóf aísocm sjari bjsmutjris y bm cjrrispjflifcom qui ixosti cjf ib Fovib .fovibis lib = mb ?/ Ifmbkufjs cmsjs" si oflocm li `jrgm oflorictm ib jahitovj qui si pritiflicjfsikuor y if tjljs bjs cmsjs si oflocmf bjs cjftifoljs" m krmflis rmskjs" quisi vmf m trmamhmr Fj si rimbozm pjr ib cjftrmroj fofkufm mbusoóf m bmscjgpitifcoms m bjkrmr" msç cjgj bjs cjfjcogoiftjs privojs riquiroljs .gísmbbí li oflocmc oóf li bm supirmcoóf li bjs fovibis mftirojris/ If mbkufjs cmsjs"si oflocm ib fovib li ifsiýmfzm rikbmlm cjf ib qui si cjrrispjfli" pjrihigpbj" if ib ‒Ajjd Jfi =‗ si oflocm qui ‒nm solj losiýmlj pmrm mbugfjs mpmrtor li soiti mýjs li ilml if su progir mýj li ofkbïs `jrgmb‗ Istmof`jrgmcoóf puili risubtmr li gucnm utobolml" tifoiflj if cuiftm quigucnjs mbugfjs y pmlris puilif cjfciaor @buifcy cjgj ufm mcmligom limpjyj m bms cbmsis li ofkbïs if bjs fovibis li bm ifsiýmfzm rikbmlm

Lurmfti ib prjcisj li ixpbjrmc oóf li bm of`jrgmcoóf pmrm bm ivmbumcoóf li bjs

gmtirombis si nmf ifcjftrmlj mbkufms loscripmfcoms iftri bm of`jrgmcoófcjftifolm if bm píkofm wia" y bm of`jrgmcoóf ofcbuolm if bm cjftrmpjrtmlmlib boarj Msç" pjr ihigpbj" if bm cjbiccoóf li Dolz si oflocm qui ib boarj istíoflocmlj pmrm foýjs li < m 9 mýjs" goiftrms qui if bm prisiftmcoóf qui bmmutjrm lib boarj" oflocm bm `rmfhm li ilml li 3 m 9 mýjs Istj gosgj jcurri cjfib boarj ‒Ajjd Jfi =‗ ym qui if ib boarj mpmrici qui istí oflocmlj pmrm foýjsm pmrtor li ; mýjs goiftrms qui if bm píkofm wia si `ohm bm `rmfhm li ilml li 0m ? mýjs If bjs boarjs ‒Ajjd \wj 1‗" ‒Ajjd \nrii 3‗ y if ‒Oftirgilomti Ifkbosn ;‗tmgaoïf si olifto ocmf istms loscripmfcoms

UQISIF\MC OÓF LI BJS C JF\IFOLJS

Is pricosj oflocmr if bm prisiftmcoóf li risubtmljs li istm logifsoóf qui fjvmgjs m iftrmr if vmbjrmr bm mlicumcoóf lib cjftifolj msç cjgj ib fovib licjgpbiholml li bjs gosgjs ym qui istí ivmbumcoóf si istí rimbozmflj lisliufm pirspictovm pilmkókocm" pjr tmftj ofcolorigjs sjari tjlj if ib `jrgmtjli prisiftmcoóf li bjs cjftifoljs" bm topjkrm`çm y ib cjbjr" bm cjnirifcomoftirfm" bm mlicumcoóf cjf bjs jahitovjs y cjftifoljs `ohmljs" msç cjgj bjsibigiftjs li bm cjgpmkofmcoóf" m ixcipcoóf li bms ogíkifis" qui liaolj msu ribivmfcom" nigjs lic ololj ivmbumrbms pjr sipmrmlj



9;

Ib progir crotiroj ivmbumlj if bjs loìriftis boarjs nm solj ib çfloci licjftifoljs Si nm oliftoòcmlj qui fj ixosti ufm ufolml li `jrgmtj iftri bjsçfloci li bjs loìriftis boarjs" m ixcipcoóf li bm cjbiccoóf ‒Fiw Qjuti‗" cuyjsçflocis sokuif bms gosgms pmutms Ib çfloci qui cjfsolirmgjs qui istí gihjristructurmlj is ib sikuolj if ib ‒Oftirgilomti Ifkbosn ;‗ .@okurm 3/" ym qui silovoli pjr biccojfis" si ispicoòcmf bjs cjftifoljs y bjs mspictjs m trmamhmr.vjcmaubmroj" krmgítocm" bostifofk y rimlofk/

@okurm 3 Çfloci lib boarj Ofti rg il om ti Ifk bosn ;

Ujr ib cjftrmroj" ib gjlibj li çfloci gís cjfùsj y kifirmb is ib ofcbuolj if bmcjbiccoóf ‒Nokn Oftirgilomti Ifkbosn‗ .@okurm </

@okurm < Çfloci lib boarj Nokn Oftirgilomti Ifkbosn



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Yfm gifcoóf ispicomb riquoiri ib çfloci ofcbuolj if ib ‒Ajjd Jfi =‗ y if bmcjbiccoóf ‒Fiw Qjuti‗ If ib progirj" m pismr li qui bm istructurmcoóf ismlicumlm y cbmrm" bm topjkrm`çm utobozmlm" ib istobj ib cursovm y ib cjbjr utobozmlj"pjcj oftifsj y pjr tmftj pjcj bikoabi if uf `jflj abmfcj" fjs bbivm mcjfsolirmrbj uf çfloci pjcj mlicumlj .@okurm 9/

@okurm 9 Çfloci lib boarj Ajj d Jfi =

If cumftj mb çfloci utobozmlj if bjs boarjs li ‒Fiw Qjuti‗ .@okurm 0/ sicjfsolirm riluflmfti puis mb lovolor ib çfloci pjr mspictjs m trmamhmr.vjcmaubmroj" krmgítocm/" si ripoti pmkofmcoóf if ufm y jtrm siccoóf Ujrøbtogj" cjfsolirmgjs qui ib usj lib cjbjr if ib çfloci `mc obotm bm istructurmcoófli bm of`jrgmcoóf y cjftroauyi m bjkrmr ib jahitovj pirsikuolj if isti topj liofstrugiftjs

Fj si nm pjlolj ivmbumr bm mlicumcoóf li bjs cjftifoljs cjf bjs jahitovjsprjpuistjs mb fj ifcjftrmrsi istjs ispico`ocmljs if bm of`jrgmcoófoftrjluctjrom if ib gmfumb Sof igamrkj" sç si nm cjgprjamlj qui ixosti

cjrrispjflifcom iftri bjs cjftifoljs ispico`ocmljs if bjs risøgifis li bmcjftrmpjrtmlm y if bm píkofm wia cjf bjs cjftifoljs ofcbuoljs if ib boarj Sicjfsolirm msç qui ixosti ufm krmf cjnirifcom oftirfm if tjljs bjs gmfumbis"mufqui sjgjs cjfscoifti qui istm vmbjrmcoóf is igotolm amsífljfjsixcbusovmgifti if ib cjftrmsti li bjs cjftifoljs



9?

@okurm 0 Ihigpbj li çfloci if bm cjbicc oóf Fiw Qjuti

If cumftj m bm istructurmcoóf y jrkmfozmcoóf li bm of`jrgmcoóf" cjfsolirmgjs

qui bjs cjftifoljs nmf solj mlicumlmgifti istructurmljs" risubtmlj cbmrm"`ícob y mccisoabi bm of`jrgmcoóf qui si lisim cjfsubtmr" ym sim" ixpbocmcojfis"kbjsmroj" loccojfmroj" mctovolmlis" çfloci" itc Sof igamrkj" oliftoòcmgjs quifj ixosti ufm ufolml li `jrgmtj iftri bjs boarjs ibmajrmljs y istj fjs bbivm mcjfsolirmr" trms cjgpmrmr bjs loìriftis prjcilogoiftjs li istructurmcoóf liof`jrgmcoóf utobozmlm" qui ib gjlibj gís cbmrj y mlicumlj is ib utobozmlj ifbjs boarjs li bm cjbiccoóf ‒Fiw Qjuti‗" mtifloiflj m8

m Ib ispmcoj lilocmlj m bjs gírkifis supirojr" ofìrojr y bmtirmb issu ocoifti y mlicumlj

a Si utobozm ib cjbjr pmrm listmcmr ifufcomljs j siccojfis ogpjrtmftiscjgj prjfufcomcoóf" cjftifoljs cjgj toigpjs virambis" mlhitovjs" itc.@okurm ;/



05

@okurm ; Krmòsgjs istructurmftis utobozmljs if bm cjbiccoófFiw Qjuti

c Si utobozmf krmòsgjs istructurmftis" is licor ibigiftjs kríòcjsutobozmflj òkurms kijgïtrocms .cumlrmljs" ric tífkubjs/ pmrm cjftifirof`jrgmcoóf listmcmlm" ofcbuyj if mbkufjs cmsjs of`jrgmcoóf liribbifj m istms `jrgms kijgïtrocms pmrm lovirsoòcmr ib `jrgmtj liprisiftmcoóf li bm of`jrgmcoóf Møf msç" is ogpjrtmfti oflocmr qui

mbkufjs boarjs" pjr ihigpbj ib ‒Ajjd \wj 1‗ tmgaoïf utobozm ricumlrjs"òkurms kijgïtrocms y gmrcjs pmrm listmcmr mctovolmlis.@buifcyprmct oci / .@okurm >/" mspictjs riìroljs mb vjcmaubmroj" itcmlicumljs qui cjftroauyif m bjkrmr bm iòcmcom cjgufocmtovm Møf msç"mpbocmflj ib crotiroj pilmkókocj li losiýj li cjftifoljs riìrolj mqui si liai rimbozmr uf losiýj sogpbi" mufqui fj sogpbostm"cjfsolirmgjs gís mprjpomlj ib sostigm utobozmlj if bm cjbiccoóf liboarjs li ‒Fiw Qjuti‗

@okurm > Krmòsgjs istructurmftis utobozmljs if Fiw Ajjd



0=

l Bms ogíkifis istíf listmcmlms cjf cjbjr li bçfim y sjgarm"pircoaoïfljsi msç uf gihjr cjftrmsti iftri ib jflj y bm ogmkif

i Bms siccojfis li wrottofk y loccojfmroj si ifcuiftrmf ofcbuolms mb òfmbli boarj" y sipmrmlms cjf uf cjbjr li pmpib loìrifti mb utobozmlj if ibristj li píkofms

Sokuoiflj cjf bm ivmbumcoóf li bm cjgpmkofmcoóf" mbkufjs li cuymslogifsojfis nmf solj mfmbozmlms if bm of`jrgmcoóf ribmtovm m bm istructurmcoófy jrkmfozmcoóf li bm of`jrgmcoóf .krmòsgjs istructurmftis/" nigjsolifto ocmlj qui fj ixosti ufolml li `jrgmtj if ib usj li ifcmaizmljs y poili píkofm Bjs boarjs ‒Ajjd \wj 1‗ y ‒Ajjd \nrii 3‗ nmf solj losiýmljs cjfufm ajrli mgmrobbj if ib ispmcoj listofmlj m bjs gírkifis supirojr y bmtirmb"tmftj li bms píkofms pmris cjgj li bms ogpmris Lisli li isti ajrli jgmrcj si nm ofcbuolj bm of`jrgmcoóf li ifcmaizmlj" if isti cmsj" ib bjkjtopjli @buifcy if mgajs boarjs" y ib ‒lçm‗ if ib ‒Ajjd \nrii 3‗" cjfcritmgifti siofcbuyi if bms píkofms ogpmris bm of`jrgmcoóf ‒Lmy‗ gís uf føgirj lib = mb 9<.@okurm ?/ Cjfsolirmgjs qui istm of`jrgmcoóf liairçm sir ibogofmlm puisbbivm m cjfùsoóf" i ofcbuor if su bukmr uf ifcmaizmlj" qui sirçm cjgøf iftjljs bjs boarjs cjf of`jrgmcoóf ribmtovm mb boarj" bm siccoóf j biccoóf if bm quisi ifcuiftrm y ib bjkjtopj so si cjfsolirmrm ribivmfti

@okurm ? Gírkifis y ifcmaizmlj utobozmljs if Ajj d \nri i 3

Ujr øbtogj" if cumftj m bm topjkrm`çm y ib cjbjr lib tixtj" if kifirmb tjljs bjsboarjs utobozmf ufm topjbjkçm mlicumlm" lisli bm cjbiccoóf ‒Dolz‗ qui utobozm bmbitrm iscjbmr" mlicumlm pmrm foýjs qui istíf mprifloiflj m biir y iscroaornmstm bjs boarjs li fovib supirojr qui utobozm ufm topjkrm`çm bikoabi" li tmgmýjmlicumlj y sof usmr if ixcisj bjs istobjs cursovm y fikrotm .@okurm =5y @okurm==/



01

@okurm =5 Ihigpbj topjkrm`çm libm cjbicc oóf Dolz&

@okurm == Ihigpbj topjkrm`çm li bm cjbiccoófFiw Qjuti

Sof igamrkj" bm ixcipcoóf bm ifcjftrmgjs if ib boarj ‒Ajjd Jfi =‗ if ib quisi rimbozm ufm cjgaofmcoóf li vmrojs topjs li bitrms qui" gís cjftroauor mistructurmr y jrkmfozmr bm of`jrgmcoóf" j`rici ufm vosoóf cmótocm y pjcjcuolmlm li bm of`jrgmcoóf qui si vi mciftumlm pjr ib usj c mso sostigítocj libm cursovm if tjlj ib boarj .@okurm =1/ Msogosgj" si utobozm gucnj ib cjbjr if ib

topj li bitrm" pmrm rismbtmr ifufcomljs j pmrtis ogpjrtmftis lib tixtj Isti usj"qui m projro liairçm sir cjfsolirmlj mlicumlj" si liai listmcmr cjgjfikmtovj if bm ivmbumcoóf qui fjs jcupm mb rimbozmrsi ufm sibicc oóf lib cjbjrpjc j mlicumlm" ligmsomlj cbmrj" mvjricoiflj msç uf ofmlicumlj cjftrmstiiftri ib jflj .píkofm abmfcm/ y ib cjbjr lib tixtj

@okurm =1 \opjkrm`çm y cjbjr utobozmlj if ib boarj Ajj d Jfi =



03

OGÍKIFIS

Bms ogíkifis cjfstotuyif ufj li bjs ibigiftjs cjf gís pjtifcomb lolíctocjif ricursjs ilucmtovjs Sirçmf ogíkifis lisli bms obustrmcojfis" bjs kríòcjs" bjsisquigms" bjs gmpms cjfciptumbis" bjs jrkmfozmljris privojs" `jtjkrm`çms" bms

tmabms" bjs kríòcjs" i ofcbusj ib cjbjr .cjbjr if bms voýitms y fugirmcoóf" if bjsgmrcjs li bms òkurms kijgïtrocms qui si utobozmf cjgj krmòsgjsistructurmftis" if bjs òbitis qui sipmrmf tçtubj y tixtj" itc/ Sof igamrkj" ufusj ofmlicumlj li bms ogíkifis" puili loòcubtmr bm bicturm lib tixtj" lisvomrbm mtifcoóf m ibigiftjs mccisjrojs" j ofcbusj cjfùflor bm liscjlo ocmc oóf libm of`jrgmcoóf viramb qui si ofcbuyi if ib tixtj Si nmci uf usj ofmlicumljli bms ogíkifis cumflj istms fj istíf mlicumlms mb mbugfmlj" cumflj fjsi utobozmf ogíkifis oflipifloiftis" is licor" cumflj fj si utobozm ufm øfocm"ogmkif pmrm riprisiftmr j mpjymr ufm" cumflj fj sjf sokfoòcmtovms pmrm ibmbugfmlj j sjf pjcj rimbostms" cumflj bm sibiccoóf li bm ogmkif fj si mhustmmb cjftifolj qui mpjym j cjgpbitm" cumflj ib cjftrmsti li cjbjris li bmogmkif cjf ib `jflj fj is mlicumlj" y pjr tmftj" bm ogmkif fj si pircoaiaoif" itc

Mtifloiflj m bm ivmbumcoóf rimbozmlm li bms ogíkifis li bjs boarjs mfmbozmljs"si cjfsolirm qui bms obustrmcojfis ofcbuolms if bm cjbiccoóf ‒Dolz‗ sjf guymlicumlms" if cumftj qui riprisiftmf sotumc ojfis rimbis y sokfo ocmtovms pmrmib mbugfmlj Si puili vir uf ihigpbj li istms obustrmcojfis if bm @okurm =5 Msogosgj" toifi uf cjbjrolj bbmgmtovj y mtrmctovj y istíf mlicumlms mb piròb

lib mbugfmlj mb qui vmf listofmlms Sof igamrkj" ixosti mbkufm ixcipcoófif istm cjbiccoóf" ym qui si nmf sibiccojfmlj ogíkifis qui pmricifprilosiýmlms y qui puilif cjfùflor bm liscjloòcmcoóf lib gifsmhi" pjr bmixprisoóf `mcomb qui mbkufm li bms obustrmcojfis ofcbuyif .@okurm =3/

@okurm =3 Ihigpbj li ogíkifis ofcbuolms if bm cjbiccoófDol z

\mgaoïf si vmbjrm guy pjsotovmgifti bm sibiccoóf li `jtjkrm`çms ofcbuolm if bmcjbiccoóf li boarjs li ‒Fiw Qjuti‗ pjr ib krmlj li mctumbozmlj qui bm

gmyjrçm toifi" su cmbolml istïtocm y pjr riprisiftmr sotumcojfis" cjftixtjs yjahitjs circmfjs y rimbis pmrm ib mbugfmlj Mligís" tmgaoïf si vmbjrm



0<

pjsotovmgifti bm `jrgm if bm qui nmf solj jrkmfozmlms if bms píkofms"rismbtmlms cjf ajrli li cjbjr y sjgarm" `mvjricoiflj msç ufm gihjrloscrogofmcoóf iftri ogmkif y jflj .@okurm =</

@okurm =< Ihigpbj li ogíkifis ofcbuolms if bm cjbiccoóf Fiw Qjuti

If ib mfíbosos li bms ogíkifis lib boarj ‒Oftirgilomti Ifkbosn ;‗" sof igamrkj"cjfsolirmgjs qui fj si nm tifolj if cuiftm bm ilml lib mbugfmlj" ym quisi nmf utobozmlj obustrmcojfis ligmsomlj of`mftobis pmrm uf mbugfmlj qui siifcuiftrm if uf Fovib ; li \rofoty Cjbbiki" sjari tjlj tifoiflj if cuiftm quibjs gmtirombis li fovib of`irojr" cjgj ‒Fiw Qjuti‗" si nm cjgifzmlj m utobozmr`jtjkrm`çms i ogíkifis gís mctumbozmlms y sogobmris m sotumcojfis rimbis .@okurm=9/



09

@okurm =9 Ihigpbj li ogíkifis ofcbuolms if Ofti rg il omti Ifk bosn ;

If cumftj m bjs boarjs ‒Ajjd Jfi =‗" ‒Ajjd \wj 1‗ y ‒Ajjd \nrii 3‗ riquoirifufm gifcoóf ispicomb" ym qui m pismr li trmtmrsi li obustrmcojfis" guymlicumlms m projro pmrm ib mbugfmlj if ilml of`mftob .iftri 0 y =5 mýjs/" sitrmtm li ogíkifis cjf ufm iscmsm cmbolml istïtocm" mbkufms if abmfcj yfikrj .@okurm =0/ qui cjfsolirmgjs qui istíf iscmsmgifti mlicumlms mbmbugfmlj so tifigjs if cuiftm bm cubturm mulojvosumb y gubtogilom if bm quisi lisifvuibvi ib mbugfmlj li istms ilmlis mctumbgifti" pircoaoifljlomromgifti obustrmcojfis li ifjrgi cmbolml tïcfocms if tibivosoóf"volijhuikjs" cuiftjs" itc

@okurm =0 Ihigpbj li ogíkifis ofcbuolms if Aj j d \nrii 3

Sokuoiflj cjf bm vmbjrmcoóf" si nm pircoaolj qui if jcmsojfis bms ogíkifisfj toifif cjrrispjflifcom cjf ib cjftifolj qui riprisiftmf .pjr ihigpbj" bmpmbmarm _J" IBBM" ÏB" UIFSMQ/" mufqui iftifligjs qui bjs mbugfjs bj



00

ricjfjciríf `ícobgifti pjrqui si utobozmrí if bms @bmsncmrl li bms cbmsisprisifcombis.@okurm =;/

@okurm =; Ihigpbj li ogíkifis ofcbuolms if Ajj d Jfi =

If cumftj mb tmgmýj li bms ogíkifis" bm lostroaucoóf if bm píkofm y bmprjpjrcoóf if kifirmb is mlicumlm Pjbvigjs m listmcmr pjsotovmgifti bmcjgpjsocoóf li bms ogíkifis if bjs gmfumbis lib ‒Fiw Qjuti‗" yfikmtovmgifti ib tmgmýj ixcisovj li ogíkifis" cjgj bm ofcbuolm if ib ‒Ajjd

\nrii 3‗" if bm píkofm 3< y li bm píkofm 30" mufqui sjf ixcipc ojfis qui fjgiricif uf mfíbosos litmbbmlj .@okurm =>/

@okurm => Ihigpbj li ogíkifis ofcbuolms if Aj j d \nrii 3



0;

If ribmcoóf cjf bm lostroaucoóf" tmgaoïf is cjfvifoifti listmcmr qui bmcjgaofmcoóf li ogíkifis qui si rimbozm pmrm ifsiýmr bm cjfstruccoóf li`rmsis .ºIstí yiflj: ºyj istjy cjgoiflj: / fj is soigpri mlicumlm ym quioftiftmf sikuor ufm sicuifcomcoóf li bm `rmsi qui fj soigpri si bjkrm Ifcumbquoir cmsj" tifoiflj if cuiftm ib sostigm li @bmsncmrl qui utobozm ibgïtjlj @buifcy" is lo`çcob auscmr ufm mbtirfmtovm m bm lostroaucoóf ycjgpjsocoóf li ogíkifis qui cjf`jrgif ufm `rmsi" pjr bj qui ufm sjbucoófoftirgilom pmsmrçm pjr bm sibiccoóf li ogíkifis gís mtrmctovms" cbmrms ygjtovmljrms .@okurm =?/

@okurm =? Ihigpbj li cjfstruccoóf li `rmsis m trmvïs li ogíkifis ofcbuolm ifAjjd

Jfi =

Ujr øbtogj" risubtm bbmgmtovj qui mbkufjs boarjs utobozmljs pjr @buifcy fjcjftifkmf obustrmcojfis" `jtjkrm`çms j ibigiftjs vosumbis qui cjftroauymf mcjgpbitmr ib tixtj" m of`jrgmr j sogpbigifti m gjtovmr Isti is ib cmsj li bjsboarjs ‒Nokn Oftirgilomti Ifkbosn O‗ y ‒Nokn Oftirgilomti Ifkbosn OO‗" msç cjgj ib‒Oftirgilomti Ifkbosn‗ If istjs cmsjs" sirçm ricjgiflmabi ofcbuor `jtjkrm`çms i

obustrmcojfis sogobmris m bms ofcbuolms if bm cjbiccoóf li boarjs li ‒Fiw Qjuti‗"msç cjgj cjbjr if bjs ifufcomljs" siccojfis" ifcmaizmlj" krmòsgjsistructurmftis qui rismbtif ib tixtj" gjtovmflj y cjftroauyiflj mb bjkrj li bmiòcmc om cjgufocmtovm

If cumftj m bm ùfcoóf li bms ogíkifis" if su gmyjrçm cjfstotuyif of`jrgmcoófif sç gosgm" if tmftj qui si trmtm li cjftifolj ofcbuolj if bm @bmsncmrl li bmscbmsis prisifcombis" y sorvi pmrm mpriflir m cjfstruor bms `rmsis If mbkufjscmsjs" oliftoòcmgjs ogíkifis qui cjgpbitmf ib tixtj j qui sorvif pmrmrimbozmr ufm mctovolml .@okurm =?/ Ujlrçmgjs cjfsolirmr tmgaoïf qui bm `jrgm

if bm qui nmf solj jrkmfozmlms bms `jtjkrm`çms if bjs boarjs li ‒Fiw Qjuti‗cugpbif mligís li bms ufcojfis mftirojris" bm ùfcoóf istïtocm y gjtovmljrm

MC\OPOLMLIS

Bms mctovolmlis cjfstotuyif ufm pmrti ùflmgiftmb li bjs gmfumbisivmbumljs Bm vmbjrmcoóf li su mlicumcoóf m bjs cjftifoljs y lib fovib liloòcubtml si mbihmrçm lib jahitovj li isti of`jrgi" qui cjgj ym lohogjs sirimbozm lisli uf if`jqui pilmkókocj y fj lisli uf if`jqui li cjftifoljIf cumbquoir cmsj" mtifloiflj m bjs crotirojs mftirojrgifti ispicoòcmljs"

vmbjrmgjs bm sibiccoóf y lovirsolml li mctovolmlis ofcbuolms if cmlm ufj libjs boarjs" m ixcipcoóf li bm cjbiccoóf li Dolz" if bjs qui si sóbj ixostif



0>

mctovolmlis li iscroturm pmrm ricjfjcir bm krm`çm lib vjcmaubmroj mpriflolj ymctovolmlis li olifto ocmcoóf if ib boarj ‒Dolz 1‗ Cjfsolirmgjs qui si trmtm liuf boarj ixcisovmgifti sogpbi pmrm ib mbugfmlj mb qui vm listofmlj" mufquipmrm rimbozmr ufm ivmbumcoóf gís mhustmlm sirçm pricosj ivmbumr bjs gmtirombisy ricursjs cjgpbigiftmrojs msjcomljs m isti boarj" msç cjgj bms mctovolmlislismrrjbbmlms prisifcombgifti cjf isti mbugfmlj

Fj si puili rimbozmr ufm ivmbumcoóf li bm ribmcoóf qui ixosti iftri bmsmctovolmlis y bjs jahitovjs" msç cjgj bm ivmbumcoóf" ym qui istí of`jrgmcoóf fjsi ifcuiftrm ofcbuolm if bjs boarjs If cumftj m bm logifsoóf príctocm li bjscjftifoljs" si vmbjrm guy pjsotovmgifti bms tmrims ofcbuolms" mufqui sicjfsolirm qui mbkufms li ibbms liairçmf pbmftimr tmrims gís sokfo`ocmtovms ymutïftocms pmrm ib mbugfmlj" ym qui tjlms ofcolif if bm gigjrozmcoóf y ibmpriflozmhi liscjftixtumbozmlj li bjs cjftifoljs Bms ofstruccojfis yjroiftmc ojfis sjf mlicumlms y cbmrms" rimbozmflj if ispmýjb bms qui sicjrrispjflif cjf uf fovib li ofkbïs of irojr j giloj

QICYQSJS CJGUBIGIF\MQOJS

If isti of`jrgi" fj si nm pjlolj rimbozmr ufm vmbjrmcoóf li bjs ricursjscjgpbigiftmrojs mc obotmljs mb mbugfmlj" tmftj li topj prisifcomb" mulojvosumbj gubtogilom Ujstirojrgifti" sirçm cjfvifoifti mfmbozmr bms mctovolmlis jfbofi

qui si ifcuiftrmf mccisoabis if bm píkofm wia pmrm ib mbugfmlj

gmtrocubmlj if mbkufj li bjs cursjs" msç cjgj cumbquoir jtrj gmtiromb mb qui

bjs mbugfjs tifkmf mccisj

IPMBYMCOÓF

Fj si nm pjlolj rimbozmr ufm vmbjrmcoóf sjari bm ivmbumcoóf mb fj

lospjfir li of`jrgmcoóf mb rispictj Sirí tifolm if cuiftm if ufm pjstirojrvirsoóf lib of`jrgi

PMBJQMC OÓF K BJAMB LI BJS GM\IQOMBIS OGUQISJS IPMBYMLJ S

Bm ivmbumcoóf qui si prisiftm if bms sokuoiftis píkofms cjftigpbm bm

vmbjrmcoóf li cmlm ufm li bms cmtikjrçms mfmbozmlms if cmlm ufj li bjsgmtirombis qui nmf solj sjgitoljs m ivmbumcoóf utobozmflj ufm iscmbm topj

Bodirt cjf cumtrj cmtikjrçms" if bm qui = is fubj j iscmsj y < is gucnj j guy

pjsotovj



.Iscmbm topj Bodirt cjf cumtrj cmtikjrçms" if bm qui = is fubj j iscmsj y < is gucnj j guy pjsotovj/ 0?

LOGIFSOJFIS*BOAQJS DOLX = DOLX 1 AJJD JFI = AJJD \[J 1 AJJD \NQII 3 BJ[OF\IQGILOM\I

IFKBOSN

UQISIF\MC OÓ F LIB GM \IQOM B

Of`jrgmcoóf sjari ib cjftixtj liusj

= 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

Of`jrgmc oóf sjari bm mutjrçm = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

Of`jrgmc oóf sjari bjs jahitovjs = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

Of`jrgmcoóf sjari bjs cjftifoljs = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

Of jrgmc oóf sjari cjgpitifcoms = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

Cjrrispjflifcom c jf Fovib = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

Of`jrgmcoóf sjari bm gitjljbjkçm = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

Of jrgmc oóf sjari ivmbumcoóf = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

UQISIF\MC OÓ F LI BJS C J F\IFOLJ S

Mlicumlm jrkmfozmc oóf lib çfloci

li cjftifoljs

= 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

Istructurmcoóf y jrkmfozmcoóf li bmof`jrgmcoóf

= 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

Mlicumcoóf m bjs jahitovjs y

cjftifoljs

Cjnirifcom oftirfm = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

\opjkrm`çm y cjbjr lib tixtj = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

Yfolml li `jrgmtj = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 <



.Iscmbm topj Bodirt cjf cumtrj cmtikjrçms" if bm qui = is fubj j iscmsj y < is gucnj j guy pjsotovj/ ;5

Cjgpmkofmcoóf y gírkifis = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

O G Í K I F I S

Urjpjrcoóf" tmgmýj y lostroaucoóf = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

Cmbolml istïtocm = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

Ysj lib cjbjr = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

@ufcoóf

Mlicumcoóf mb mbugfmlj = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

M C \ O P O L M L I S

Pofcubmcoóf cjf ib bjkrj li bjs

jahitovjs

Logifsoóf príctocm li bjs

cjftifoljs

= 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

Ofstruccojfis y jroiftmcojfis pmrmsu rimbozmcoóf

= 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

Lovirsolml li mctovolmlis = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

Qibmcoóf cjf bm ivmbumcoóf

QIC YQSJSC JG U BI GIF \MQ OJ S

I P M B Y M C O Ó F



.Iscmbm topj Bodirt cjf cumtrj cmtikjrçms" if bm qui = is fubj j iscmsj y < is gucnj j guy pjsotovj/ ;=

LOGIFSOJFIS*BOAQJS OF\IQGILOM\IIFKBOSN

FI[ QJY\I = FI[ QJY\I 1 FI[ QJY\I 3 FI[ QJY\I < OF\IQGILOM\IIFKBOSN ;

UQISIF\MC OÓ F LIB GM \IQOM B

Of`jrgmcoóf sjari ib cjftixtj liusj

= 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

Of`jrgmc oóf sjari bm mutjrçm = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

Of`jrgmc oóf sjari bjs jahitovjs = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

Of`jrgmcoóf sjari bjs cjftifoljs= 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

Of jrgmc oóf sjari cjgpitifcoms = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

Cjrrispjflifcom c jf Fovib = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

Of`jrgmcoóf sjari bm gitjljbjkçm = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

Of jrgmc oóf sjari ivmbumcoóf = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

UQISIF\MC OÓ F LI BJS C J F\IFOLJ S


li cjftifoljs

= 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

Istructurmcoóf y jrkmfozmcoóf li bm

of`jrgmcoóf

= 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 <


cjftifoljs

Cjnirifcom oftirfm = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

\opjkrm`çm y cjbjr lib tixtj = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

Yfolml li `jrgmtj = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 <



.Iscmbm topj Bodirt cjf cumtrj cmtikjrçms" if bm qui = is fubj j iscmsj y < is gucnj j guy pjsotovj/ ;1

Cjgpmkofmcoóf y gírkifis = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

O G Í K I F I S

Urjpjrcoóf" tmgmýj y lostroaucoóf = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

Cmbolml istïtocm = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

Ysj lib cjbjr = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

@ufcoóf

Mlicumcoóf mb mbugfmlj = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 <



jahitovjs


cjftifoljs

= 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

Ofstruccojfis y jroiftmcojfis pmrmsu rimbozmcoóf

= 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

Lovirsolml li mctovolmlis = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

Qibmcoóf cjf bm ivmbumcoóf

QIC YQSJSC JG U BI GIF \MQ OJ S




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LOGIFSOJFIS*BOAQJS NOKNOF\IQGILOM\I

IFKBOSN O

NOKNOF\IQGILOM\I

IFKBOSN OO

UQISIF\M C OÓ F LIB GM \IQOM B

Of`jrgmcoóf sjari ib cjftixtj liusj = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

Of`jrgmcoóf sjari bm mutjrçm = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

Of`jrgmcoóf sjari bjs jahitovjs = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

Of`jrgmcoóf sjari bjs cjftifoljs = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

Of`jrgmcoóf sjari cjgpitifcoms = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

Cjrrispjflifc om cjf Fovib = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

Of`jrgmcoóf sjari bm gitjljbjkçm = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

Of`jrgmcoóf sjari ivmbumc oóf = 1 3 < = 1 3 <UQI SI F \M C O Ó F L I B J S C J F \I F O L J S


li cjftifoljs

= 1 3 < = 1 3 <

Istructurmcoóf y jrkmfozmcoóf li bm

of`jrgmcoóf

= 1 3 < = 1 3 <


cjftifoljs

Cjnirifc om oftirfm = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

\opjkrm`çm y cjbjr lib tixtj = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

Yfolml li jrgmtj = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

Cjgpmkofmcoóf y gírkifis = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

O G Í K I F I S

Urjpjrcoóf" tmgmýj y lostroaucoóf = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

Cmbolml istïtocm = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

Ysj lib cjbjr = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

@ufcoóf = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

Mlicumc oóf mb mbugfmlj = 1 3 < = 1 3 <



;<



jahitovjs


cjftifoljs

= 1 3 < = 1 3 <

Ofstruccojfis y jroiftmcojfis pmrm

su rimbozmcoóf

= 1 3 < = 1 3 <

Lovirsolml li mctovolmlis = 1 3 < = 1 3 <

Qibmcoóf cjf bm ivmbumc oóf

Q IC Y QSJ SC J G U BI G IF \M Q O J S




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IPMBYMCOÓF LIB GÏ\JLJ @BYIFC_

GÏ\JLJ I OFS\QYGIF\JS

Cjgj oflocíamgjs if ib mpmrtmlj riìrolj mb losiýj li istm ivmbumcoóf.píkofm 0 y sokuoiftis/" cjf ib jahitovj li Ivm bum r bm iòcm c om l i b gïtjl j

@buifc y mp jrtmfl j l m tjs q ui l ig uistrif c oiftçoc m g ifti su p jsoa bi vm bjr

l olíc toc j .gitm 1 lib istuloj/" nigjs losiýmlj y vmbolmlj ofstrugiftjs y

prjcilogoiftjs li ricjkolm li of`jrgmcoóf 'tmftj cumftotmtovjs cjgjcumbotmtovjs' qui fjs pirgotmf jatifir bm gmyjr cmftolml y vmroilml li lmtjspjsoabis m bm njrm li rimbozmr ib prisifti of`jrgi

=& OF\QYGIF\JS CYMF\O\M\OPJS

Umrm ufm pmrti li bm ricjkolm li lmtjs si jptó pjr uf gïtjlj cumftotmtovjli ifcuistm" iftifloiflj qui" lmlms bm mgpbotul li bm pjabmcoóf li istulojy bm ficisolml li jatifir lmtjs jahitovjs qui puilmf sir cjftrmstmljs cjfbjs jatifoljs if cursjs mftirojris j cjf mquibbjs qui puilmf jatifirsi if ib

ùturj irm ib ofstrugiftj gís mlicumlj

If cjfcritj" pmrm istm ivmbumcoóf si nmf losiýmlj y vmbolmlj triscuistojfmrojs8

• cuistojfmroj pmrm prjìsjris• cuistojfmroj pmrm mbugfjs li Urogmrom• cuistojfmroj pmrm mbugfjs li Sicuflmrom• cuistojfmroj pmrm pmlris li mbugfjs



;0

LOSIÝJ _ PMBOLMC OÓF LI BJS C YIS\OJFMQOJS

Ib prjcilogoiftj li losiýj y vmbolmcoóf li istjs tris ofstrugiftjs li ricjkolmli lmtjs nm solj ib gosgj8

•

losiýj li bjs cuistojfmrojs pjr pmrti lib iquopj li ixpirtjs li bmYfovirsolml li Gurcom• ufm progirm vmbolmcoóf li ixpirtjs .cjf uf gïtjlj li tromfkubmcoóf/• rivosoóf pjr pmrti li bjs cboiftis .@buifcy/• losiýj lib cuistojfmroj if su virsoóf liòfotovm

QICJKOLM _ MFÍBOSOS LI BJS LM\JS LI BJS C YIS\OJFMQOJS

\rms isti prjcisj si prjciloó m bm mpbocmc oóf lib cuistojfmroj if pmpib if bmsloìriftis mcmligoms @buifcy jatifoïfljsi bjs sokuoiftis lmtjs qui vmgjs m

prisiftmr loìrifcomljs if ufcoóf li cmlm ufj li bjs ofstrugiftjs mpbocmljs

Qispictj m bjs lmtjs li risubtmljs nigjs li oflocmr qui nmf rispjflolj uftjtmb li =555 mbugfjs .<>? li Urogmrom y 9== li Sicuflmrom/" msç cjgj uf tjtmbli =;; pmlris y li 0> prjìsjris

Yfm viz ricjkoljs bjs cuistojfmrojs si prjciloó m su vmcomlj y trmtmgoiftjistmlçstocj cjf ib prjkrmgm istmlçstocj SUSS .Stmtostocmb Urjluct mfl SirvociSjbutojfs/" virsoóf =? M pismr li qui ixostif jtrm siroi li prjkrmgmslistofmljs mb mfíbosos li lmtjs" cjgj ib SMS y ib AGUL" si nm jptmlj pjrutobozmr ib SUSS liaolj profcopmbgifti m qui is ufj li bjs pmquitis istmlçstocjsgís utobozmljs iftri bjs ofvistokmljris if Coifcoms Sjcombis .Lçmz li Qmlm"=???/ y bms jpcojfis j`ricolms pjr ïsti pmrm ib trmtmgoiftj li bjs lmtjs simhustmamf m bms ficisolmlis li ofvistokmcoóf

C YIS\OJFMQOJS

Ofcbuogjs m cjftofumcoóf ufm ogmkif qui guistrm cmlm ufj li bjsofstrugiftjs if su `jrgmtj li mpbocmcoóf



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BM UQYIAM LI FOPIB LI OFKBÏS

Umrm cjfsikuor bjs risubtmljs privostjs if ib jahitovj 10 li isti prjyictj sibbivó m cmaj ufm pruiam li fovib li bjs mbugfjs li @buifcy

If uf profcopoj si pbmftió qui bjs mbugfjs qui nmaçmf istulomlj isti cursj ibfovib 9 y ; if bm mcmligom li @buifcy rimbozmrmf bm pruiam li fovib lib UI\.Uribogofmry Ifkbosn \ist/ y ib @CI .@orst Cirto ocmti of Ifkbosn/ Ib gjtovj li bmibiccoóf li istjs fovibis istmam amsmlj if bm gosgm tmabm li iquovmbifcomsqui fjs ifvoó ib prjpoj Qjairt Ujdbofktjf" if bm cumb ib fovib 9 y 0 li \rofoty.gïtjlj li ixmgif qui sokui @buifcy/ istmam iquopmrmlj mb A= liftrj libgmrcj Iurjpij y ib fovib ; y > mb A1 Mligís" liftrj li istjs gosgjs fovibisqui fjs ifvoó mpmricif cjgj riìrifcom jtrjs ixígifis bjs li Cmgarolki ysikøf bjs cumbis mb fovib 9 y 0 li @buifcy bi cjrrispjflirçm uf fovib UI\ y mbfovib ; y > uf ixmgif @CI .@orst/

If bjs prjpojs boarjs li tixtj utobozmljs if bm mcmligom pmrm istjs fovibis" Bjw' Ofti rg i l om ti Ifk bosn a y LQ& Qja i rt Ujc dbofk tjf m fl UnL&Cmftma pmrm fovib 9si mòrgm qui mb tirgofmrbjs ib mbugfj sirí cmpmz li gmftifir ufmcjfvirsmcoóf `buolm møf fj guy rípolm" if ofkbïs sjari cumbquoir tigmcjtolomfj y msikurm ‒cjftifir bjs ibigiftjs krmgmtocmbis ficismrojs pmrmsupirmr <¸ cursj li bm ISJ" 1 li bm IJO y ib fovib 9 li bjs ixígifis lib \rofotyCjbbiki Bjfljf‗ If ib Ofti rgi l om ti Ifk bosn" LQ&Qja i rt A& Ujc dbofk tj f m fl UnL

Cmf t m a pmrm ib fovib ; si kmrmftozm qui‗ mb cjgpbitmrbj" ib mbugfj pjlrígmftifir ufm cjfvirsmcoóf `buolm sjari bjs gís lovirsjs tigms y pjlrí

mcjgitir bm pripmrmcoóf li ixígifis cjgj ib Cmgarolki @orst Cirtoòcmti‗

Bm òfmbolml li rimbozmr ufm pruiam li fovib ixtirfm irm cjgprjamr soiìctovmgifti bjs fovibis qui ib gosgj lorictjr li bm mcmligom mòrgmgmftifir si cjrrispjflif cjf bjs ixígifis rimbis cjf bjs qui ïb gosgj siiquopmrm" puis nigjs cjfsolirmlj qui is uf mspictj ribivmfti pmrm huzkmr bmiòcmc om lib gïtjlj

Umrm ibbj si sibiccojfmrjf bjs ixígifis lib Cmgarolki'qui si gifcojfmf ifbm gosgm tmabm qui Qjairt fjs prjpjrcojfó y if sus boarjs li tixtj' Ib gjtovj

li bm ibicc oóf li isti `jrgmtj li ixmgif tmgaoïf si liai m qui ib ixmgifli \rofoty" ib cumb sokui bm mcmligom @buifcy" cjfsosti if ufm pruiam jrmb.Spimdofk/ m trmvïs li bm cumb si ivmbømf bjs cjfjcogoiftjs krmgmtocmbis y ibvjcmaubmroj mlquorolj pjr ib cmflolmtj Fuistrj oftirïs irm cjgprjamr so if ibristj li írims .sdobbs/ cjgj Qimlofk .cjgprifsoóf bictjrm/" [rotofk .ixprisoófiscrotm/" Ysi j` Ifkbosn .krmgítocm/ y Bostifofk .cjgprifsoóf jrmb/ tmgaoïfixostçm ism iquovmbifcom qui si kmrmftozmam

Yfm viz pripmrmljs bjs ixígifis" fjs ifcjftrmgjs cjf bm iscmsiz limbugfjs mb ifcjftrmrfjs if ib øbtogj gis li cbmsi y if pbifj pirojlj li

ixígifis iscjbmris Nigjs pjlolj rimbozmr ib ixmgif sóbj m cumtrj mbugfjs y



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lurmfti sitiftm y cofcj gofutjs li toigpj .guy iscmsj" puis is ufm pruiamqui fjrgmbgifti toifi ufm lurmcoóf li coiftj loiz gofutjs/

Ujr bm bogotmcoóf tigpjrmb si sibiccojfm sóbj ufm pmrti riprisiftmtovm li cmlmírim .sdobb/ m ixcipcoóf li bm pmrti jrmb qui quilm sof ivmbumr pjr ib

gjgiftj Ib fovib li bjs mbugfjs is ib 9 li bm mcmligom y trms ufm riufoóf litrmamhj cjf ib iquopj ljcifti li @buifcy y ib iquopj li ofvistokmcoóf sipbmftim qui ib ixmgif UI\ 'privomgifti sibiccojfmlj pjr bjs ofvistokmljris'puili sir ixcisovj y si prjpjfi cjgj mbtirfmtovm rimbozmr uf fovib DI\.iquovmbifti mb fovib 3'< lib \rofoty y mb fovib M1 sikøf ib gmrcj iurjpij licjgpitifcom bofkòçstocm

Ib ixmgif si ixtrmi li uf boarj li ricjpobmc oóf li ixígifis DI\ ibmajrmlj yilotmlj pjr Cmgarolki cjf ib jahitovj li qui bm pruiam sim bj gís mhustmlmpjsoabi m bm rimbolml

Ib ixmgif jrokofmb DI\ cjgprifli bms sokuoiftis pmrtis" lostroaucoóf tigpjrmb ycrotirojs li cmbo ocmcoóf8

=QIMLOFK MFL [QO\OFK .=njur" =5 gofutis/" 90quistojfs" 95) gmrd

= CJGUQIFSOÓF BIC\JQM _ I UQISOÓF ISCQO\M .=njrm" =5 gofutjs/" 90prikuftms" 95) li bm fjtm tjtmb

1 BOS\IFOFK .35 gofutis" ofcbulofk >gof trmfs`ir togi/" 19 quistojfs"19)gmrd

1 CJGUQIFSOÓF JQMB .35 gofutjs" ofcbuoljs > gofutjs pmrm pmsmrrispuistms m njhm li ixmgif/" 19 prikuftms" 19) fjtm tjtmb

3SUIMDOFK .>'=5 gofutis pir pmor j` cmflolmtis/" 1 pmrts" 19) gmrd

3 I UQISOÓF JQMB .>'=5 gofutjs pjr pmrihm li mspormftis/" 1 pmrtis" 19)fjtm tjtmb

Lostroauogjs fuistrm pruiam li ;9 gofutjs if uf ixmgif .sibiccoóf/ li tjlmsbms pmrtis mrroam gifcojfmlms if ib ixmgif jrokofmb m ixcipcoóf lib

spimdofk Ib ixmgif cjgprifli bms sokuoiftis pmrtis8

= QIMLOFK MFL [QO\OFK .cjgprifsoóf bictjrm y ixprisoóf iscrotm/sibiccoóf li 15 prikuftms y ufm arivi rilmccoóf*fjtm li 19'95pmbmarms

1 BOS\IFOFK .cjgprifsoóf jrmb/ sibiccoóf li=9 prikuftms

M tjljs bjs pmrtocopmftis bis sjarmf iftri 9 y =5 gofutjs lib toigpj listofmljmb ixmgif" bj cumb kmrmftozm qui bm sibiccoóf rimbozmlm si nm mhustmljcjrrictmgifti mb toigpj lib qui si lospjfçm



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1& OF\QYGIF\JS CYMBO\M\OPJS

\ifoiflj if cuiftm bms gitms kifirmbis y ispicç ocms qui jroiftmf istiistuloj" bm ricjkolm li lmtjs cumftotmtovjs j`ricçm sóbj ufm pmrti li bmof`jrgmcoóf ribivmfti qui liaçmgjs ricjpobmr" pjr isj risubtmam projrotmrojofcbuor ufm ricjkolm cumbotmtovm li of`jrgmcoóf Locnm ricjkolm si bbivó mcmaj m trmvïs li bm tïcfocm li Jasirvmcoóf Lorictm if bm qui si ofcbuyirjfljs ofstrugiftjs li ricjkolm li lmtjs8 bm òcnm li jasirvmcoóf = y bm òcnm lijasirvmcoóf 1" qui cjrrispjfloirjf cjf gjgiftjs loìrifcomljs lijasirvmc oóf loric tm li sisojfis li cbmsi pjr pmrti li ixpirtjs

LOSIÝJ _ PMBOLMCOÓF LI BM @OCNM LI JASIQPMCOÓF =

Umrm ib losiýj li bm ocnm li jasirvmcoóf =" bm progirm li bms mccojfisbbivmlms m cmaj ùi ufm riufoóf cjf tjljs bjs ofvistokmljris pmrtocopmftisIstm riufoóf si rimbozó ib =0 li ifirj" if ibbm si bbivó m cmaj ufm ixnmustovmixpbocmc oóf lib gïtjlj @buifcy prjùflozmflj if bjs profcopmbis oflocmljris mtifir if cuiftm pmrm bm cjfstruccoóf lib ofstrugiftj li jasirvmc oóf

Cjf istm riufoóf si pritiflçm istmabicir bms pmutms m sikuor if bm `msi limfíbosos \rms bm cumb" si litirgofó qui pmrm bm istructurmcoóf lib ofstrugiftjli jasirvmcoóf igpbiírmgjs ofl ocmljris mgpb ojs y kifirmbis qui fjspjsoaobotmsif ib rikostrj li tjljs mquibbjs mspictjs sokfoòcmtovjs ribmcojfmljscjf cumbquoirm li bjs ibigiftjs lib prjcisj li ifsiýmfzm'mpriflozmhi8gitjljbjkçm" topjs li mctovolmlis" ricursjs utobozmljs" prjìsjrmlj" mbugfmlj"mgaoifti li cbmsi" itc" oflipifloiftigifti li qui òkurmsif j fj if bmsloric trocis lib gïtjlj @buifcy qui fjs nmaçmf solj `mcobotmlms

Yfm viz istmabicoljs bjs oflocmljris li jasirvmcoóf si prjciloó mb losiýj yprjluccoóf lib gmtiromb Locnj gmtiromb ùi ifvomlj m trmvïs lib cjrrijibictrófocj m tjljs bjs ofvistokmljris pmrm qui puloirmf rimbozmr ufm rivosoófprivom lib ofstrugiftj mftis li bm vmbolmcoóf liòfotovm qui si bbivó m cmaj ifufm sikuflm riufoóf li trmamhj" ib lçm 35 li ifirj" mpbocmflj bm istrmtikomli ofvistokmcoóf cumbotmtovm lifjgofmlm cjgj ‒\ïcfocm li \romfkubmc oóf liOfvistokmljr‗ .Cmgpaibb y @osdi" =?9?/" qui cjfsosti if ib usj li gøbtopbisjasirvmljris

Cmlm ofvistokmljr'jasirvmljr tifçm qui ricjpobmr lmtjs ribivmftis m trisabjquis li of`jrgmcoóf8

m Of`jrgmcoóf Ispicçòcm lib cjftixtj if ib qui si rimbozm bm jasirvmcoóf8ljfli si ofcbuyif lmtjs ribmtovjs m bm mcmligom" prjìsjr" fovib li bjsmbugfjs" føgirj li mbugfjs" njrm li bm sisoóf y ìcnm li bmjasirvmcoóf \jlj ibbj cjf ib of li ricjkir lmtjs li olifto ocmc oóf quipuloirmf sir li utobolml pmrm ib istuloj

a Of`jrgmcoóf ribmtovm mb lismrrjbbj li cmlm sisoóf jasirvmlm" lófli siliscroaif cmlm ufm li bms mctovolmlis qui ùirjf rimbozmlms"



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oflocmflj so sjf mctovolmlis li ofocoj" lismrrjbbj j òf li bm sisoóf" ibtoigpj li lurmcoóf li cmlm ufm li ibbms" so si rimbozmrjf li `jrgmkrupmb y*j oflovolumb" gitjljbjkçm mpbocmlm" rjb qui msugi ib ljciftiy rjb qui msugif ib mbugfj if cmlm ufm li bms mctovolmlis Umrmricmamr of`jrgmcoóf sjari istjs mspictjs si nmaobotó uf ispmcoj maoirtjif bm òcnm li jasirvmcoóf ljfli ib jasirvmljr pjlçm ricjkirof jrgmcoóf qui cjfsolirmrm ribivmfti sjari cmlm cuistoóf

c Of`jrgmcoóf ribmtovm m mspictjs kifirmbis8 lófli si puili ricjpobmrof`jrgmcoóf ribmtovm m cumbquoir mspictj qui cjfsoliri ribivmfti if ibprjcisj li ifsiýmfzm'mpriflozmhi y qui fj òkuri litmbbmlj if bmòcnm li jasirvmcoóf If ribmcoóf m istjs mspictjs si mcjrló ricjkir 9çtigs li rispuistm cirrmlm .cuyms jpcojfis li rispuistm irmf ‒Guygmb‗" ‒gmb‗" ‒aoif‗ y ‒guy aoif‗/ sjari ib mgaoifti kifirmb li cbmsi"cjgufocmcoóf jrmb" pmrtocopmcoóf" gitjljbjkçm i oftirmccoóf kifirmb

qui si prjluci if cbmsi Mligís" si ricjkçm uf pbmfj li lostroaucoóflib mubm cjf ib òf li cjfjcir ib mgaoifti y cjftixtj if ib qui silismrrjbbmf bms sisojfis Ujr øbtogj" si nmaobotó uf ispmcoj pmrm oflocmr ibtopj li ricursjs qui si nmaçm utobozmlj lurmfti bm sisoóf y jtrj ispmcojpmrm jasirvmcojfis sjari mspictjs ribivmftis qui fj si nmaçmfcjftigpbmlj if bm òcnm

Ib lçm =3 li iarirj si pusj if gmrcnm bm progirm rjflm li jasirvmc ojfis quicjgprifloó ib pirojlj lisli ib =3 mb 1? li ìarirj pmrm bj cumb si utobozó bmòcnm li jasirvmc oóf v= Umrm majrlmr istm tmrim si msokfmf uf tjtmb li

fuivi ofvistokmljris lib Krupj li Ofvistokmcoóf li \icfjbjkçm Ilucmtovm.KO\I/ li bm Yfovirsolml li Gurcom" qui tuvoirjf qui rimbozmr uf gíxogj litris jasirvmcojfis cmlm ufj" iftri bjs loìriftis Ciftrjs @buifcy ripmrtoljsiftri Gurcom y Cmrtmkifm" quilmflj òhmlm bm guistrm ofocomb if uf tjtmb li =>jasirvmcojfis

Bms => jasirvmcojfis si rimbozmrjf if njrmroj li tmrliif bjs Ciftrjs li@buifcy li Gurcom .\mabm =9/8 Ubmzm li Iurjpm .fovibis8 3 li foýjs" li ; m ?mýjs4 fovib 9 foýjs" li =5 m =< mýjs4 > mljbisciftis" li =9 m =; mýjs/" Of`mfti.fovibis8 =" 9 y 0/" @bjtm .fovib =" ; y 3/" Cjfstotucoóf .fovib8 3" 9" ;" ;/4 y li

Cmrtmkifm .fovib8 1'3" ;" ;*UI\" 0 oftifsovj mlubtjs" ?/ cjf uf tjtmb li =1?mbugfjs" soiflj tris ljciftis ispmýjbis y =9 prjìsjris ofkbisis j mgirocmfjs

CIF\QJ FOPIB F LI MBYGFJSUbmzm li Iurjpm 3 9Ubmzm li Iurjpm 9 =5Ubmzm li Iurjpm > 0Of`mfti 9 =5Of`mfti = ==Of`mfti 0 ?Cmrtmkifm ; <Cmrtmkifm 0 ;@bjtm = >



>?

@bjtm ; >@bjtm 3 ;Cmrtmkifm 3 ;Cmrtmkifm ; 1Cmrtmkifm ? <

Cjfstotucoóf 3 ?Cjfstotucoóf ; ;Cjfstotucoóf 9 >Cjfstotucoóf ; ;

\mabm =9 Fovibis" ciftrjs y mbugfjs pmrtocopmftis lurmfti bm ricjkolm liof`jrgmcoóf li bm `ocnm li jasirvmcoóf =

@OCNM LI JASIQPMCOÓF =



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KYOÓF LI JASIQPMCOÓF UMQM BM UQOGIQM @OCNM LI JASIQPMCOÓF

Oflocmljris rispictj m bm gitjljbjkçm8= Pmbjrmr bm gitjljbjkçm y tmrims ispicç ocms qui bbivm m cmaj m bj bmrkj libm cbmsi ib ljcifti" msç cjgj su lurmc oóf1 Uristmr mtifcoóf m cógj ib prjìsjr jatoifi ib iilamcd y ricjfluci ufm

cbmsi3 Ixpbocmr cógj si utobozmf bms tmrhitms y so si jasirvm ib gosgj prjcilogoiftj jib ljcifti utobozm ufm lofígocm pmrtocubmr< Cjftigpbmr cógj si igpoizm y mcmam cmlm c bmsi9 Oflocmr so si nmcif krupjs y quoïf nmc i istjs krupjs .ib prjpoj mbugfj" ibljc ifti" itc/0 Oflocmr quï topj li cjftifoljs y quï topj li cjgpitifcoms sicjrrispjflif cjf cmlm tmrim j mctovolml .so si trmamhmf cjgpitifcoms licjgufocmcoóf jrmb*iscrotm" cjgprifsoóf*ixprisoóf" krmgítocm" itc/

Oflocmljris rispictj mb ljcifti8

Uristmr mtifcoóf m quï nmci ib prjìsjr if cmlm gjgiftj" cógj mc tøm"cógj cjftrjbm m bjs mbugfjs .oflovolumb y krupmbgifti/" cógj bis gjtovm"cógj si loroki m ibbjs" itc

Oflocmljris rispictj mb mbugfmlj8Jasirvmr quï nmcif bjs mbugfjs" cógj rispjflif" cógj si guistrmf ifcbmsi" itcIspico ocmr so bjs mbugfjs pmrtocopmf li gmfirm ispjftífim if ib mubm.mutjfjgçm lib mbugfj/

Oflocmljris rispictj m bjs ricursjs8Ixpbocmr ib usj qui nmcif li bjs gmtirombis .boarjs" òcnms" cumlirfj/ yricursjs .pozmrrm u jtrjs/ lostoftjs m bms tmrhitms



?=

Oflocmljris rispictj mb mgaoifti8

' Oflocmr ib cbogm li cbmsi' Qibmcoóf mbugfj*mbugfj y mbugfj*prjìsjr

Oflocmljris pmrm ribbifmr bm tmabm8

' \mrim * mc tovolml OL@ is bm biyiflm li8' O8 mctovolml li ofocoj' L8 mctovolml li lismrrjbbj' @8 mctovolml òfmb

' Gitjljbjkçm O*L is bm biyiflm li8' O8 gitjljbjkçm oflovolumb' L8 gitjljbjkçm krupmb

Yfm viz ricjkoljs bjs lmtjs li bm òcnm li jasirvmc oóf = si prjciloó m rimbozmr

ib vmcomlj li lmtjs Umrm ibbj" si bbivó m cmaj uf trmamhj ixnmustovjricjkoiflj cmlm ufm li bms olims pbmsgmlms pjr pmrti li cmlm ufj li bjsjasirvmljris if bms cuistojfis li rispuistm maoirtm li bm òcnmUjstirojrgifti si rikostrmrjf istms olims if ufm tmabm ljfli si ùi mfjtmfljbm `ricuifcom li cmlm ufm \jlj ibbj cjf ib òf li jatifir of`jrgmcoóf sjarimspictjs ribivmftis y gís cjfcritjs pmrm ib losiýj li ufm sikuflm òcnm lijasirvmcoóf qui pirgotoirm" m pmrtor li çtigs cirrmljs crimljs cjf bms olimsricjkolms if bm òcnm li jasirvmcoóf =" ricmamr of`jrgmcoóf pricosm y" li istm`jrgm" bbivmr m cmaj uf cjgpbitj mfíbosos li bms sisojfis

LOSIÝJ _ PMBOLMCOÓF LI BM @OCNM LI JASIQPMCOÓF 1

M pmrtor li istjs lmtjs ricjkoljs si mcjrló losiýmr ufm sikuflm òcnm lijasirvmcoóf qui cjftigpbmrm cuistojfis ribmcojfmlms cjf bm mc tovolml ofocomb"mctovolmlis li lismrrjbbj" sjari bm cjfvirsmcoóf y sjari mspictjs kifirmbisli bm sisoóf" ufm òcnm qui li gjlj gís cjfcritj ricjkoirm bm of`jrgmcoófgís ribivmfti sjari ib gïtjlj Ujr tmftj" pmrm ib losiýj li bm ocnm lijasirvmcoóf 1 si tjgó cjgj puftj ofocomb bm liscropcoóf li bms cmtikjrçmsistmabicolms if bms qui si litictmrjf bjs pjsoabis puftjs ùirtis y lïaobis libgïtjlj @buifcy Msç" if istm jcmsoóf si pbmftimrjf

o fl ocmljris li jasirvmc oóf cjfcri tjs if ùfcoóf li bjs mspictjs gís oftirismftis ylistmcmljs pjr bjs jasirvmljris lurmfti bm progirm rjflm li jasirvmcojfis"cjf ib jahitovj li mnjflmr y cjfsifsumr tmftj bjs mspictjs gís sjarismboiftiscjgj bjs mspictjs gís liòcotmrojs li isti gïtjlj

Ib losiýj li isti ofstrugiftj is msokfmlj m bjs ljs ofvistokmljris qui nmaçmfbbivmlj m cmaj ib mfíbosos y vmc omlj li bjs lmtjs li bm òcnm li jasirvmcoóf =Ib prjcilogoiftj li vmbolmcoóf si rimbozm m trmvïs li uf huocoj li ixpirtjs" ifbm riufoóf li trmamhj lib lçm =5 li gmyj Bms gjlo ocmcojfis y gihjrms qui

si pbmftimf if locnm riufoóf quilmf ofcjrpjrmlms if bm òcnm li jasirvmcoófliòfotovm ib lçm =< li gmyj



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Isti ofstrugiftj li ricjkolm li of`jrgmcoóf si cjgpjfi li tris pmrtisùflmgiftmbis8

m Lmtjs li oliftoòcmcoófa Qikostrj lurmfti bm jasirvmcoóf

c Mspictjs kifirmbis li bm sisoóf

M cjftofumc oóf litmbbmgjs cmlm ufm li bms pmrtis li isti ofstrugiftj8

m Lmtjs li olifto ocmcoóf8 Bjs lmtjs li oliftoòcmcoóf qui si ofcjrpjrmrjfif isti ofstrugiftj ùirjf8• Fjgari li bm mcmligom• Fjgari lib prjìsjr• @icnm y njrm• Føgirj li mbugfjs•

Fovib li ifsiýmfzm

a Qikostrj lurmfti bm jasirvmcoóf

Ib rikostrj li jasirvmc oóf lurmfti bms sisojfis mpmrici lo irifcomlj ift ris a bjq uis riìroljs mb gjgiftj li lismrrjbbj li bmsmc t o v o lmlis " tmftjso ïstms si bbivmf m cmaj mb ofoc oj " if ib lismrrjbbj li bm cbmsi j mb ` ofmb libm gosgm Ïstm lostofcoóf lib gjgiftj li rimbozmcoóf li cmlm mctovolmlcjflocojfm ib topj li oflocmljris li jasirvmcoóf qui si nmf ofcbuolj

Msç puis" bms tmabms li rikostrj li bm mctovolml ofocomb y bm mctovolml òfmbricjkif oflocmljris riìroljs tmftj m bms pmutms li ofocoj cjgj licoirri li bm cbmsi" pjr pmrti lib prjìsjr _ if bm tmabm li mctovolml òfmbsi nmf ibogofmlj bjs oflocmljris ribmtovjs m bm gitjljbjkçm y m bmstmrhitms" liaolj m qui ùi losiýmlm pmrm ricjkir lmtjs li bm mctovolmlli cjfvirsmcoóf" pmrm bm qui fj si nmaçm jasirvmlj ib usj li`bmsncmrls

Ib ristj li oflocmljris li jasirvmcoóf sjf cjgufis m bms tris tmabms lirikostrj li mctovolmlis Bjs oflocmljris li jasirvmc oóf ofcbuoljs sjf bjs

sokuoiftis8• Umutms li ofocoj li bm cbmsi8 if ib qui si ricjkif mspictjs

ribmcojfmljs cjf bm pripmrmcoóf li uf auif cbogm li cbmsi" bmcjrriccoóf li tmrims pmrm cmsm" ib sjflij li bjs cjfjcogoiftjsprivojs lib mbugfmlj rispictj lib tigm m trmtmr y bm riìrifcom mtigms ym trmtmljs

• Umutms li coirri li bm cbmsi8 lófli si nm tifolj if cuiftm so ibprjìsjr rimbozm mctovolmlis li òhmcoóf li bjs cjftifoljs trmamhmljsif c bmsi" rimbozm sçftisos li bj ixpbocmlj j gmflm tmrims pmrm cmsm

•

\opj li mctovolml8 if isti oflocmljr si ricjkif ljs mspictjsribmcojfmljs cjf ib topj li mctovolml rimbozmlm Ujr uf bmlj" so bm



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mctovolml si nm rimbozmlj li `jrgm sóbj oflovolumb" sóbj krupmb j sinm trmamhj progirj li gjlj oflovolumb y pjstirojrgifti li gjljkrupmb Ujr jtrj bmlj" si ricjkif mspictjs ribmtovjs mb topj limctovolml if sç4 so bm mctovolml nm cjfsostolj if trmluc or mb ofkbïs"trmlucor mb ispmýjb" cjfstruor `rmsis" ribbifmr nuicjs" bm bicturm litixtjs if ofkbïs" rispjflir m prikuftms j trmfs`jrgmr `rmsis

• Jahitovj8 if cumftj mb jahitovj li cmlm mctovolml" si nmoliftoòcmlj so ïsti istmam ribmcojfmlj cjf ib mpriflozmhi livjcmaubmroj" krmgítocm" gihjrm li bm prjfufcomcoóf" cjgprifsoófbictjrm j ixprisoóf jrmb boari

• Gitjljbjkçm8soiflj isti ufj li bjs mspictjs gís ogpjrtmftis li bmjasirvmcoóf is tmgaoïf ufj li bjs gís mgpbojs if cumftj m bjsoflocmljris qui si nmf tifolj if cuiftm" iftri ibbjs si nmcjfsolirmlj so bjs mbugfjs ripotif m c jrj bms rispuistms4 so ib

prjìsjr igpbim 3"1"=" pmrm ritjgmr ib rotgj m cjrj4 so si cjrroki bmprjfufcomc oóf4 so bms ixpbocmcojfis si rimbozmf sjbj if ofkbïs j simbtirfm ib usj li ofkbïs y ispmýjb if mquibbjs cmsjs qui risubtmcjgpbocmlj mb mbugfj iftiflir bm tmrim4 so ib prjìsjr rimbozmprivomgifti bm mctovolml pmrm ixpbocmrbm4 so sjbj si cjfcbuyi ufmmctovolml cumflj tjlj ib krupj ljgofm bms rispuistms4 so si bbivm mcmaj ib prjcisj cçcbocj .=¸ if krupj y 1¸ oflovolumb/4 so li gjljoflovolumb bjs mbugfjs `mbbmf gucnj if sus rispuistms ib prjìsjrvuibvi mb gjlj krupmb4 so cumflj si oftrjluci vjcmaubmroj" ib fuivjvjcmaubmroj si mbtirfm < ó 9 vicis cjf jtrm pmbmarm ym cjfjcolm

nmcoiflj uf cmgaoj guy rípolj iftri istms ljs tmrhitms4 j soprogirj ripotif bm pmbmarm cjf bm prjìsjrm y lispuïs sjbjs m cjrj

• Qicursj8 sjari bjs loìriftis topjs li ricursjs qui si puilif utobozmrif cbmsi pmrm ib lismrrjbbj li bms mctovolmlis si nm cjfsolirmlj ibusj li `jtjcjpoms" bm pozmrrm" ib boarj li tixtj li bm mcmligom y ibigpbij li `bmsncmrls

• Lurmcoóf li bm mctovolml8 ribmcojfmlj cjf ib topj li mctovolml y ibgjlj if ib qui ïstm si rimbozmam ' li gjlj oflovolumb y*j krupmb' "si nm ricjkolj bm lurmcoóf li cmlm ufm li bms mctovolmlis

rimbozmlms if cbmsi" bms njrquobbms istmabic olms jscobmf iftri = m 9gofutjs4 0 m =5 gofutjs4 == m =9 gofutjs4 =0 m 15 gofutjs y gís li15 gofutjs

• Ujsocoóf lib prjìsjr if ib mubm8 mligís si nm tifolj if cuiftm bmmctotul cjrpjrmb lib prjìsjr rifti m bm cbmsi" ricjkoiflj mspictjscjgufocmtovjs fj virambis cjgj so si soiftm j si quilm li poi`rifti m bjs mbugfjs

• Oftirmccoóf8 lurmfti bm mctovolml li cjfvirsmcoóf si nm jasirvmljib topj li oftirmccoóf qui si prjluci if cbmsi" istmabicoïfljsi ljspjsoaobolmlis4 oftirmccoóf prjìsjr'mbugfj y*j oftirmccoóf mbugfj'

mbugfj



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• Cjrriccojfis8 mligís" si nm jasirvmlj so lurmfti bm príctocmcjgufocmtovm bms cjrriccojfis bms rimbozm øfocmgifti ib prjìsjr"øfocmgifti bms rimbozmf bjs mbugfjs" so bms rimbozmf prjìsjr ymbugfmlj j pjr ib cjftrmroj fj si rimbozmf cjrriccojfis li fofkøftopj

• Umrtocopmcoóf li bjs mbugfjs lurmfti bm mctovolml li cjfvirsmcoóf8if cumftj m bm `jrgubmcoóf li prikuftms lurmfti bm cjfvirsmcoóf sinm rikostrmlj so ib prjìsjr prikuftm m tjljs bjs mbugfjs prisiftisif cbmsi j sóbj prikuftm m mbkufjs mbugfjs ibikoljs iftri ib krupj'cbmsi

• Cjftifoljs lurmfti bm cjfvirsmcoóf8 jtrj mspictj listmcmlj if bmjasirvmcoóf nm solj ib ribmcojfmlj cjf ib tigm trmtmlj lurmfti bmcjfvirsmcoóf y bjs cjftifoljs ixpbocmljs if cbmsi privomgifti" ligjlj qui si nm rikostrmlj so si mpbocmrjf j fj bjs cjftifoljs

trmamhmljs lurmfti bm sisoóf if bm mctovolml cjgufocmtovm• Fovib li ofkbïs li bjs mbugfjs lurmfti bm cjfvirsmcoóf8 cjf isti

oflocmljr pritifligjs mvirokumr so ib fovib li ofkbïs li bjs mbugfjslurmfti bm cjfvirsmcoóf is ofì rojr" si c j rrisp j fl i j is sup i rojr mbfovib li bjs cjftifoljs trmamhmljs if cbmsi

• Ytobozmcoóf li bms @bmsncmrls8 tifoiflj if cuiftm qui si usmf cjgjricursj aísocj" pristmgjs ispicomb mtifcoóf m bm utobozmcoóf qui sinmci li bms gosgms if cumftj m8

' Urisiftmcoóf8 riìrolj mb sostigm utobozmlj pmrm bm ofcbusoóf lifuivms tmrhitms y su pjsoabi cjgaofmcoóf cjf tmrhitms

mftokums" ricjkoiflj so si prjluci mbtirfmfcom iftri tmrhitmsfuivms y mftokums j pjr ib cjftrmroj" øfocmgifti si guistrmftmrhitms fuivms j tmrhitms mftokums

' Jrlif8 ribmtovj m bm sicuifcom li trmfsocoóf li cmlm tmrhitmsi istmabicoirjf ljs pjsoabis jpcojfis8 qui locnm sicuifcomsim cjf t o fum " is licor" si guistrmf bms tmrhitms pjr jrlif ufmlitrís li jtrm" j aoif qui bm sicuifcom si vim oftirrugpolm "fjrgmbgifti prjlucolm mfti bm musifcom li ufm rispuistmcjrrictm pjr pmrti lib mbugfmlj" prjlucoïfljsi bm

mbtirfmfcom if bm prisiftmcoóf iftri bm tmrhitm qui fj nmaçmsolj risuibtm cjrrictmgifti cjf jtrm tmrhitm cuym rispuistmirm ljgofmlm pjr ib mbugfmlj

' Mfti uf irrjr8 sjari ib cjgpjrtmgoiftj lib prjìsjr mfti ufpjsoabi irrjr lib mbugfmlj if bm rispuistm lmlm" si nmtifolj if cuiftm so cjrroki ib irrjr y cjftoføm cjf bmmctovolml" so cjrroki ib irrjr y ritrjcili" so cjrroki ib irrjr y fjcjftoføm nmstm qui si msikurm qui tjljs bjs mbugfjsrispjflif cjrrictmgifti j so ripoti vmroms vicis bm tmrhitmqui fj nmf risuibtj y smbtm mb sokuoifti mbugfj

' Qivirsj8 if ib rivirsj li bms tmrhitms si ifcuiftrm bm sjbucoófm bm gosgm" tmftj so si trmtm li bm trmluccoóf li ufm pmbmarm



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cjgj li bm cjfstruccoóf j trmfs jrgmcoóf li `rmsis" pjr tmftjsi nm cjfsolirmlj ribivmfti cjfjcir ib usj qui si nmci liibbj Bms pjsoaobolmlis li usj qui nigjs cjfsolirmlj vmrçmflisli uf usj ofixostifti" if ib qui ib prjìsjr fufcm guistrmcjgj si iscroai ufm pm bmarm" m uf usj krmlumb lib rivirsjli bms tmrhitms if bjs cmsjs if bjs qui øfocmgifti guistrmcjgj si iscroai cumflj si iquovjcmf" j øfocmgifticumflj bjs mbugfjs nmf rispjflolj cjrrictmgifti" jøfocmgifti cumflj si trmtm li tmrhitms fuivms qui fj nmfsolj trmamhmlms if mctovolmlis mftirojris" nmstm uf usj tjtmblib gosgj" if ib qui ib prjìsjr soigpri guistri cjgj siiscroaif

' Føgirj8 nmci riìrifcom m bm cmftolml li tmrhitms qui sitrmamhmf if cmlm mctovolml Bms jpcojfis pjsoabis

istmabicif ufms njrquobbms qui jscobmf iftri uf gçfogj li = m=5 tmrhitms" nmstm uf gíxogj qui bbikm m supirmr bms 35 tmrhitmspjr mctovolml

' Qotgj li cmgaoj8 if isti mpmrtmlj nigjs cjfsolirmlj ljscuistojfis ùflmgiftmbis lib gïtjlj Ujr uf bmlj" bm gmyj r

j g ifjr rmp oli z if ib rotgj li cmgaoj li bms tmrhitms Ujr jtrjbmlj" bm cjfstmfcom y gmftifogoiftj lib gosgj r o tgj licmgaoj li tmrhitms lisli ib ofocoj nmstm ib òfmb li bmmctovolml `rifti m bm pjsoaobolml li mugiftj lib rotgj licmgaoj cjf`jrgi bjs mbugfjs si `mgobomrozmf cjf bms tmrhitms

li bm mctovolmlc& Mspictjs kifirmbis li bm sisoóf&

Bjs lmtjs ricjkoljs if ib mpmrtmlj li mspictjs kifirmbis istífriìroljs m8

' Qjb lib ljcifti8 vmbjrmflj tmftj bm mc t ot ul q ui g m f t oifi if c bmsi .sois gís j gifjs loric tovj" siroj" igpítocj" mgmabi" mc tovj" firvojsj j iboftirïs qui guistrm/" cjgj ib cjgpjr tmgoiftj qui gmfo ` ois tm .sorisuibvi lulms" prjpjrcojfm ìil'amcd" ixpbocm utobozmflj ixprisojfis

sifcobbms" riùirzm y cjrroki bm prjfufcomcoóf" oliftoòcm m bjs mbugfjsqui fj rispjflif cjrrictmgifti" `jgiftm bm `buoliz y tjfmbolml"jroiftm if bukmr li licor bm rispuistm" mctøm mfti uf cjgpjrtmgoiftjlosruptovj li uf mbugfj" itc/

' Qjb lib loscifti8 lib gosgj gjlj qui cjf ib prjìsjr" cjf ib mbugfmljtmgaoïf si nm tifolj if cuiftm bm mc t o tul gjstrmlm if cbmsi .so istífmtiftjs" gjtovmljs" sikurjs" mctovjs" cmfsmljs" firvojsjs j arjgostms/ yib cjgpj r t mg oif t j qui gmftoifif8 so prikuftmf lulms" sjbocotmf myulm"ljgofmf bm gitjljbjkçm li bm cbmsi" rispjflif m cjrj" ispirmf m quitirgofi bm rjflm li tmrhitms pmrm pbmftimr bms lulms" rimbozmf



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cjgiftmrojs sjari bj trmamhmlj if cbmsi" sjbocotmf cjgpitocoóf pjrpuftjs" si myulmf iftri sç" itc

' Losiýj li bms tmrhitms8 if ib qui si ricjkif lmtjs ribmcojfmljs tmftjcjf ib losiýj kríòcj li bms `bmsncmrls cjgj jtrjs lmtjs riìroljs m bmgitjljbjkçm li usj li bms gosgms" cjf ljs jpcojfis pjsoabis8 qui ibtixtj mpmrizcm iscrotj if ispmýjb pmrm qui bjs mbugfjs bj trmluzcmf yprjfufcoif if ofkbïs" isti topj li tmrhitm si utobozm gmyjrgifti pmrm bmprisiftmc oóf li vjcmaubmroj" j qui ib tixtj" priìriftigifti `rmsis"istï iscrotj if ofkbïs pmrm qui sim trmlucolj pjr bjs mbugfjs mbispmýjb

' Mgaoifti li cbmsi8 if cumftj mb mgaoifti li cbmsi fjs oftirismamsmair tmftj bm ribmcoóf ixostifti iftri ib prjìsjr y ib mbugfmlj" cjgjbm lofígocm li trmamhj li cbmsi" so istmam guy jrkmfozmlm y lorokolm" isgjfótjfm" lostiflolm" privosoabi" maurrolm j lofígocm

' Liscropcoóf lib mubm8 fuistrj oftirïs si ciftrm if cjfjcir bmscjflocojfis çsocms if bms qui si rimbozm bm cbmsi Li isti gjlj" nigjstifolj if cuiftm so if ib mubm si lospjfçm li ufm j vmroms gisms y quipjsocoóf jcupmamf if bm cbmsi" lib gosgj gjlj si nmf rikostrmlj bmscmrmctirçstocms li bms sobbms" so lospjfçmf li armzjs y ib gjlj if ib quiistmamf lostroauolms if ribmcoóf m bms loìriftis mctovolmlis qui sirimbozmamf" cjgj m bm ilml li bjs mbugfjs _ pjr øbtogj" si nmfricjkolj cuistojfis sjari bjs ibigiftjs licjrmtovjs y bm ribmcoóf quiïstjs puloirmf tifir li cmrm m cjftixtumbozmr bm cubturm lib olojgm

M pismr li nmair mcjtmlj cmlm ufm li bms rispuistms lib jasirvmljr" ifcmlm ufj li bjs abjquis li mctovolmlis'cjgj if bjs mspictjs kifirmbis' siofcbuyi ufm cmsobbm li rispuistm maoirtm lifjgofmlm Jasirvmc ojfis " if bmqui ib ofvistokmljr puili mfjtmr cumbquoir ixpbocmcoóf sjari bj trmfscurroljif cbmsi qui puilm myulmr m c bmro ocmr bms rispuistms gmrcmlms if bm òcnm

Ib lçm 1= li gmyj si pusj if gmrcnm bm sikuflm rjflm li jasirvmcojfis quicjgprifloó ib pirojlj lisli ib 1= li gmyj mb > li hufoj Umrm majrlmr istmtmrim si msokfmf bjs gosgjs ofvistokmljris lib Krupj li Ofvistokmcoóf li

\icfjbjkçm Ilucmtovm .KO\I/ li bm Yfovirsolml li Gurcom" qui rimbozmrjf sus

jasirvmc ojfis iftri bjs loìriftis Ciftrjs @buifcy li Gurcom" quilmflj òhmlmbm guistrm òfmb if uf tjtmb li =; jasirvmcojfis

Bms =; jasirvmcojfis si rimbozmrjf iftri bjs Ciftrjs li @buifcy li Gurcom.\mabm =0/8 Ubmzm li Iurjpm .fovibis8 1 foýjs" 0 mljbisciftis" ; mlubtjs/" Of`mfti.fovibis8 1 y 3 foýjs y ; mljbisciftis/" @bjtm .fovib8= y 3 foýjs y 3mljbisciftis/" Cjfstotucoóf .fovib8 ; li foýjs/" Fjrti .fovibis8 1" 3 y < li foýjs"? li mljbisciftis y 3li mlubtjs/



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CIF\QJ FOPIB F LI MBYGFJSFjrti 3 =5 ó gís mbugfjsFjrti 1 =5 ó gís mbugfjsFjrti ? Iftri 9 y ? mbugfjsFjrti 3 Iftri 9 y ? mbugfjs

Fjrti < Iftri 9 y ? mbugfjs@bjtm @orst Iftri 9 y ? mbugfjs@bjtm 3 Iftri 9 y ? mbugfjs@bjtm 3 Iftri 9 y ? mbugfjs@bjtm 9@bjtm = Iftri 9 y ? mbugfjsOf`mfti ; Iftri 9 y ? mbugfjsOf`mfti 3 Iftri 9 y ? mbugfjsOf`mfti 1 =5 ó gís mbugfjsIurjpm ; Iftri 9 y ? mbugfjsIurjpm ; Gifjs li 9 mbugfjsIurjpm 1 Iftri 9 y ? mbugfjsCjfstotucoóf ; Iftri 9 y ? mbugfjs

\mabm =0 Fovibis" ciftrjs y mbugfjs pmrtocopmftis lurmfti bm ricjkolm liof`jrgmcoóf li bm `ocnm li jasirvmcoóf 1

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UQJCILOGOIF\J UMQM QIMBOXMQ BMS JASIQPMCOJFIS

Cjf ib òf li bbivmr m cmaj ufm mpbocmcoóf li bm òcnm li jasirvmcoóf sogobmrif tjlms bms cbmsis y qui bm prisifcom lib jasirvmljr fj mìctmrm mb lismrrjbbj

fjrgmb li bm sisoóf" si mcjrlmrjf ufm siroi li crotirojs m tifir if cuiftmlurmfti bms jasirvmcojfis8

' Si nm li prjcurmr fj bbmgmr bm mtifcoóf" fj oftirrugpor if fofkøf cmsj ysoigpri oftiftmr pmsmr lismpircoaoljs pmrm fj mbtirmr bm cbmsi

' Si cugpbogiftmrí bm òcnm cjf sugm loscricoóf So ùisi ficismroj" silihmrí li mfjtmr y si mfjtmrí mb òfmb cjf bj qui si ricuirli" pirj so bjsmbugfjs istíf lostrmçljs pifloiftis lib jasirvmljr is gihjr lihmrbj ifisi gjgiftj

' Si biiríf cjf mtifcoóf bjs oflocmljris MF\IS li iftrmr y li fuivj

LISUYÏS pmrm pjlir mfjtmr mquibbj qui nigjs jasirvmlj y qui if iblismrrjbbj li bm cbmsi fj nigjs pjlolj mfjtmr

' Sç is guy ogpjrtmfti if ib lismrrjbbj li bm cbmsi mfjtmr bjs \OIGUJScjrrispjfloiftis m cmlm mctovolml" puis ism of`jrgmcoóf fj isricupirmabi cjf pjstirojrolml

' Yfm viz cjfcbuolm bm jasirvmcoóf" mligís li rivosmr bjs oflocmljrispmrm cjgpbitmr bms mfjtmcojfis" si nm li cugpbogiftmr bm sikuflmpmrti li bm òcnm qui ofcbuyi ufm vmbjrmcoóf li bj qui nigjs vostj y ufpbmfj li bm lostroaucoóf lib mubm" mligís li uf mpmrtmlj li

sukirifcoms&

M cjftofumcoóf" si guistrm ib prjcisj li trmamhj bbivmlj m cmaj lurmfti bm`msi lib prjyictj ciftrmlm if bm tïcfocm li jasirvmcoóf8

\MQIM @ICNM LI QIMBOXMCOÓFUrogirm riufoóf li trmamhj =0 li ifirj li 15=1Losiýj li bm òcnm li jasirvmc oóf = Lib =0 mb 19 li ifirj li 15=1Pmbolmcoóf li bm òcnm li jasirvmcoóf= 35 li ifirj li 15=1Urogirm rjflm li jasirvmcojfis Lib =3 mb 1? li ìarirj li 15=1

Pmcomlj li lmtjs li bm òcnm lijasirvmcoóf = y sibiccoóf lioflocmljris m cjftigpbmr if bm òcnmli jasirvmcoóf 1

Lib = mb =9 li gmrzj li 15=1

Losiýj li bm òcnm li jasirvmc oóf 1 Lib =0 mb 35 li gmrzj li 15=1Pmbolmcoóf li bm òcnm li jasirvmcoóf1

=5 li gmyj li 15=1

Ofcjrpjrmcoóf li gihjrms if bm òcnmli jasirvmcoóf 1

=< li gmyj li 15=1

Sikuflm rjflm li jasirvmc ojfis Lib 1= li gmyj mb > li hufoj li15=1

Mfíbosos li lmtjs li bm òcnm lijasirvmc oóf 1

Lib =5 li hufoj mb =5 li huboj li15=1



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\mabm =; Crjfjkrmgm lib prjcisj li trmamhj cjf bjs ofstrugiftjs cumbotmtovjs

MFÍBOSOS LI BJS LM\JS LI BM @OCNM LI JASIQPMCOÓF 1

Uuistj qui bm of`jrgmcoóf mpjrtmlm cjf ib ofstrugiftj li jasirvmcoóf is licmríctir igofiftigifti cumbotmtovj" pmrm pjlir bbivmr m cmaj ib t rm tmgoiftj

i stm l çstoc j li bjs lmtjs is ficismroj msokfmr privomgifti cólokjs fugïrocjsm bm of`jrgmcoóf jatifolm

Cmlm ufm li bms vmromabis li bjs ofstrugiftjs li ricjkolm li of`jrgmcoóf sinm cjlo ocmlj mtifloiflj m bm fmturmbizm li bms iscmbms li gilolm .fjgofmb"jrlofmb j iscmbm/

Umrm ib mfíbosos li bjs lmtjs si losiýmrjf y ibmajrmrjf tris gmtrocis li lmtjscjf ib prjkrmgm istmlçstocj SUSS .Stmtostocmb Urjluct mfl Sirvoci Sjbutojfs/"pmrm [ofljws virsoóf =? M pismr li qui ixostif jtrm siroi li prjkrmgmslistofmljs mb mfíbosos li lmtjs" cjgj ib SMS y ib AGUL" si nm jptmlj pjrutobozmr ib SUSS liaolj profcopmbgifti m qui is ufj li bjs pmquitis istmlçstocjsgís utobozmljs iftri bjs ofvistokmljris if Coifcoms Sjcombis .Lçmz li Qmlm"=???/

QISYB\MLJ S LIB MFÍBOSOS LI LM\JS C YMF\O\M\OPJ

3& QISYB\MLJS CYIS\OJFMQOJ UQJ@ISJQIS @BYIFC_

Umrm bm ricjkolm li of`jrgmcoóf if isti cuistojfmroj nigjs cjftmlj cjf ufmguistrm li 0> prjìsjris li bms lostoftms mcmligoms li @buifcy" istmflj istmguistrm amstmfti ripmrtolm iftri njgaris y guhiris ym qui uf 9>">) li ïstmsjf guhiris y <="1) ristmfti sjf njgaris If bj qui rispictm m bm ilml libprjìsjrmlj qui nm `jrgmlj pmrti li fuistrm guistrm ifcjftrmgjs ufm krmfvmroilml" mufqui gís li bm gotml si ifcuiftrm pjr liamhj li bjs <5 mýjs

Cjfcritmgifti ib 3>"1) si ifcuiftrm liftrj li bm `rmfhm li ilml li 15 m 35mýjs" ib 35"?) iftri bm rmfhm li 3= m <5 mýjs y uf 35"?) supirm bjs <5 mýjs

If ribmcoóf m bm `jrgmcoóf li istjs prjìsjris ifcuistmljs" nigjs pjloljjasirvmr cjgj bm gmyjr pmrti toifi `jrgmcoóf ufovirsotmrom .09";)/ j`jrgmcoóf prjìsojfmb .11"<)/



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Kríòcm = @jrgmcoóf li bjs prjìsjris li @buifcy

If cumftj m su ljgofoj lib ofkbïs" bm gmyjr pmrti li prjìsjris .0=">)/ixprisó qui tmb ljgofoj si liaçm m qui irmf fmtovjs" goiftrms qui cmso uftircoj li bm guistrm .31"<)/ ixprisj qui su ljgofj si liaçm pjr bjs istulojsrimbozmljs y sjbmgifti uf <"<) si liai isi ljgofj pjrqui istuvj risoloifljif ib ixtrmfhirj Jtrj li bjs mspictjs cbmvi liftrj li bjs prjìsjris is suixpiroifcom cjgj `jrgmljris li ofkbïs If ribmcoóf m isti mspictj" bjsprjìsjris li @buifcy qui nmf `jrgmlj pmrti li fuistrm guistrm sjfprjìsjris cjf ufm coirtm ixpiroifcom ym qui ib ;<";) bbivm 1 j gís mýjscjgj `jrgmljr li ofkbïs .ixmctmgifti 1?"?) bbivmf iftri 1 y 94 15"?) bbivmfiftri 9 y =54 y ib 13"?) bbivmf gís li =5/ Ujr jtrm pmrti" if bj qui rispictm mbm ixpiroifcom cjf ib gïtjlj @buifcy" is licor mb toigpj qui bbivmf cjgj

ljciftis liftrj li bm mcmligom ifcjftrmgjs qui ib 9>">) li prjìsjrisbbivmf 1 j gís mýjs lmflj cbmsi if @buifcy y uf 19) lib prjìsjrmlj siifcuiftrm if su progir mýj cjgj prjìsjris if istm mcmligom

Kríòcm 1 Mýjs li ixpiroifc om cjgj prjìsjr li @buifcy

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Mufqui bm krmf gmyjrçm li bm guistrm toifi `jrgmcoóf ufovirsotmrom jprjìsojfmb" nigjs cjfsolirmlj ogpjrtmfti prikuftmr so toifif `jrgmcoófispicçòcm sjari cógj lmr cbmsis li ofkbïs Li isti gjlj" ib ;9) li bmguistrm sç qui nm ricoaolj `jrgmcoóf ispicçòcm li cógj lmr cbmsis li ofkbïs"mufqui so bj if`jcmgjs mb gïtjlj @buifcy" cmso ib =55) lib prjìsjrmlj.?>"9)/ nm ricoaolj `jrgmcoóf ispicçòcm pmrm ogpmrtor isti gïtjlj Li tjljsistjs prjìsjris" y if ribmcoóf m ism `jrgmcoóf" ib ><"?) jpofm qui nm soljsuòcoifti pmrm pjlir ogpmrtor cbmsis cjf ib gïtjlj @buifcy" pjr uf =9"=) quijpofm qui fj bj nm solj y" pjr tmftj" ficisotmrçm gís jrgmcoóf

Kríòcm 3 Jpofoóf li bjs prjìsjris if ribmc oóf m bm jrgmc oóf ricoaolm pmrmogpmrtor ib gïtjlj

Qiìrifti mb føgirj li njrms li cbmsi qui ogpmrtif istjs prjìsjris" cmso bmgotml .<>"9)/ lm gís li 15 njrms sigmfmbis li cbmsi" goiftrms qui uf 30">)lm iftri == y 15 njrms" soiflj sjbj uf 9"?) bjs qui lmf iftri 9 y =5" y uf >">)qui lmf gifjs li 9 njrms sigmfmbis .kríòcj </

Jtrj li bjs mspictjs risiýmljs if ib cuistojfmroj y qui is ogpjrtmftilistmcmr nmci gifcoóf m bm cjjrlofmcoóf iftri bjs prjìsjris" lib qui siixtrmi qui ib >=">) sç si cjjrlofm li `jrgm nmaotumb cjf ib ristj li bjsprjìsjris li bm mcmligom pmrm cjfsifsumr msuftjs li gitjljbjkçm j pmrmoftircmgaomr olims sjari bm ifsiýmfzm Li isti tmftj pjr coiftj" tjljs

cjfsolirmf qui sç ifcuiftrmf øtob ism cjjrlofmcoóf Urofcopmbgifti ixprismfqui bi is øtob pjrqui bis myulm m gihjrmr y mpriflir li bj qui nmcif jtrjs"mligís li qui soigpri smbif fuivms olims y mugiftm bms auifms ribmcojfisiftri cjgpmýirjs

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Kríòcm < Njrms qui ogpmrtif c bmsi bjs prjìsjris m bm sigmfm

Liftrj lib cuistojfmroj" si bis poloó m bjs prjìsjris qui vmbjrmrmf ufm siroi li

mspictjs cbmvi ribmc ojfmljs cjf bm mcmligom @buifcy y su gïtjlj" msç cjgjbm smtos`mccoóf kifirmb" if ufm iscmbm qui vm li = m =5 \jljs bjs mspictjsjatoifif auifms puftumc ojfis" supirmflj if tjljs bjs cmsjs ib vmbjr li ;

Yfj li bjs mspictjs qui puftøm bokirmgifti pjr liamhj lib ; is ib riìrolj mbm cjfsolirmcoóf pjr pmrti lib prjìsjrmlj sjari so ib mpjyj li bjs pmlris issuòcoifti" jatifoiflj isti mpmrtmlj ufm puftumcoóf gilom li 0";3" lmtjqui mufqui fj is gís amhj qui ib ristj sokui soiflj pjsotovj M isti rispictjbjs prjìsjris ifcuistmljs mcbmrmf qui if bm gmyjrçm li bjs cmsjs is ufmcuistoóf qui lipifli li bjs pmlris

Bm jpofoóf lib prjìsjrmlj rispictj m so bjs boarjs utobozmljs sjf auifjs pmrm ibmpriflozmhi li bjs mbugfjs jatoifi ufm puftumcoóf gilom li ;"51 Mligísli jtjrkmr ufm puftumcoóf" bjs prjìsjris mcbmrmf qui bjs boarjs fj sjfutobozmljs lurmfti ib lismrrjbbj li bms cbmsis" sjf uf giloj pmrm ib ripmsj ifcmsm y pmrm bm rimbozmcoóf li ihircocojs uirm lib mubm Bjs boarjs pjr tmftj sorvifcjgj uf cjgpbigiftj m bms cbmsis huftj cjf bms mctovolmlis jf'bofi qui sjfvmbjrmlms pjr ib prjìsjrmlj cjf uf ;">> m pismr li qui mbkufjs prjìsjriscjgiftmf qui sus mbugfjs priòirif nmcir istms mctovolmlis if pmpib" quiif gucnjs cmsjs fj si bbivmf m cmaj cjf rikubmrolml y qui ibbjs fj puilif

bbivmr m cmaj ib sikuogoiftj y vir bj qui nmcif bjs mbugfjs

Ujr jtrm pmrti bjs prjìsjris cjfsolirmf qui ixosti uf fovib mlicumlj linjgjkifiolml iftri bjs foýjs lib krupj" mbcmfzmflj uf vmbjr li ;"33 M pismrli qui is ufm cuistoóf aoif vmbjrmlm bjs prjìsjris cjfsolirmf qui is ufmspictj guy lo`çcob li cjfsikuor

Iftri bjs mspictjs gihjr vmbjrmljs pjr ib prjìsjrmlj ifcuistmljifcjftrmgjs if progir bukmr bm jpofoóf li ïstjs rispictj m bm pirtofifcom libms tmrhitms .>"90/ Bj gosgj jcurri cjf bm rmtoj y bm cjfòmfzm if ib gïtjlj qui

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If bm sokuoifti tmabm si ricjkif tjljs bjs mspictjs vmbjrmljs y bmspuftumc ojfis jatifolms if cmlm ufj li ibbjs

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Ib fovib li njgjkifiolml iftri bjs foýjs lib krupj ismlicumlj

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Ujr øbtogj liftrj li isti ofstrugiftj" si bi pbmftió mb prjìsjrmlj li `jrgmmaoirtm pjr su jpofoóf sjari tris ibigiftjs li ïxotj lib gïtjlj y pjr trisliaobolmlis lib gosgj If ribmcoóf m bjs ibigiftjs li ïxotj pbmftimljs pjr ibprjìsjrmlj pjligjs mkrupmrbjs if tjrfj m cumtrj mspictjs cbmvi8 gïtjljif sç gosgj" prjìsjris" mbugfjs y mcmligom if kifirmb

Lib gïtjl j is mb qui gís si nmci gifcoóf y ljfli bjs prjìsjris ixtrmifgís mspictjs ogpjrtmftis \mb is ib cmsj" qui bm jpcoóf qui gís si ripoti

liftrj li bms rispuistms is cbmrmgifti bm ripitocoóf cjgj ufj li bjs mspictjscbmvi pmrm ib ïxotj lib gïtjlj Jtrj li bjs ibigiftjs li ïxotj cjfsolirmlj



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pjr ib prjìsjrmlj nmci mbusoóf m qui ib gïtjlj is tjtmbgifti jrmb Ifriìrifcom m isti mspic tj si listmcmf cjsms cjgj qui ib gïtjlj si if`jquim bm ixprisoóf jrmb ivotm qui si poirlm ib toigpj nmcoiflj mctovolmlis iscrotmscjgj if jtrms mcmligoms4 tmgaoïf qui pirgoti cjfsjbolmr mspictjs livjcmaubmroj y krmgítocm jrmbgifti4 j qui is auifj qui si cjfciftri if ibmspictj jrmb pjrqui risubtm gís lo çc ob pmrm bjs ispmýjbis

So fjs oftrjlucogjs liftrj li cógj istí cjgpuistj ib gïtjlj" bjs prjìsjristmgaoïf listmcmf lib gosgj bm `jrgm qui toifi li ifsiýmr tmftj krmgítocmcjgj vjcmaubmroj" mufqui profcopmbgifti bm krmgítocm li bm qui locif quisi ixpbocm li ufm gmfirm sogpbi" lorictm" cbmrm y qui si vm ixpbocmflj mtrjzjs piquiýjs" mligís li qui cjgpmrm bm krmgítocm if ispmýjb y libofkbïs pmrm ixpbocmrbm li gihjr gjlj \mgaoïf cjfsolirmf qui ib gïtjlj isixcibifti pmrm ifsiýmr vjcmaubmroj pirj qui pmrm cjfsikuor qui tmftj bmkrmgítocm y ib vjcmaubmroj simf `íc obis li mpriflir bjs prjìsjris sof lulm bmogpjrtmfcom qui toifi bms tmrhitms j `bmsncmrls liftrj lib gïtjlj" pjfoïfljbjcjgj jtrj li bjs ibigiftjs li ïxotj lib gosgj

Ujr jtrm pmrti if cumflj mb gïtjlj listmcmf ib trmamhj qui si nmci pmrmqui bjs mbugfjs gihjrif bm prjfufcomcoóf ribmcojfmlj cjf ib nicnj li quifj iscroamf if cbmsi y li qui sjbj nmabif if ofkbïs" prmctocmflj isti olojgmnmabmlj lurmfti ljs njrms y gilom m bm sigmfm

Ujr øbtogj pjligjs listmcmr ufm siroi li mlhitovjs pjsotovjs pbmftimljs pjrbjs prjìsjris qui gifcojfmf qui si trmtm li uf gïtjlj guy aoif

istructurmlj" cjgpbitj" auifj pmrm ifsiýmr vjcmaubmroj" ixcibifti" mgifj"iòcmz" iftritifolj" lofígocj" mctovj i oftirismfti Uirj li tjljs istjsmlhitovjs qui bi jtjrkmf" ribuci pjr ifcogm ljs li ibbjs8 qui istí guy aoifistructurmlj y qui is guy lofígocj mligís li qui is `ícob li ixpbocmr pmrmibbjs y cógjlj pmrm pripmrmrsi ufm cbmsi

Jtrj li bjs ibigiftjs li ïxotj lib gïtjlj guy listmcmlj sjf bjs prjìsjris if sç gosgjs Bjs prjpojs prjìsjris listmcmf li sç gosgjs qui si trmtm li ufauif iquopj li trmamhj" aoif pripmrmlj" qui" mligís" sjf fmtovjs \mgaoïflistmcmf bm njgjkifiolml ixostifti iftri ib prjìsjrmlj y ib auif

‒m ga oif ti ri bm h mlj y prj ìsojfm b q ui nm y li f t rj li bm mc ml ig om ‗

If bj qui rispictm m bjs mspictjs cbmvis lib ïxotj lib gïtjlj riìroljs m bjsm bugfjs ifcjftrmgjs qui m trmvïs lib gïtjlj @buifcy bjs mbugfjs mpriflifrípolj" ícob y cjgj so istuvoirmf hukmflj" bj qui bj nmci lovirtolj \mgaoïf silistmcm ib nicnj li qui sjf pjcjs mbugfjs pjr cbmsi" bj qui `mcobotm sumpriflozmhi mligís li qui mpriflif tjljs m bm viz y ixostif pjcmslostrmccojfis

Ujr øbtogj" fjs ifcjftrmgjs cjgj ibigiftj li ïxotj bm mc ml ig om if kifi rm b

Li bm gosgm bjs prjìsjris listmcmf ùflmgiftmbgifti bm jrkmfozmcoóf quinmy liftrj li ïstm" ym sim tmftj lib gmtiromb cjgj li bm cbmsi y li bm



==5

mcmligom cjgj igprism Cjgiftmf qui bms cbmsis istíf aoif istructurmlmsy sjf mccisoabis pmrm tjljs sof ogpjrtmr bm ilml Mbkufjs prjìsjris tmgaoïflistmcmf bm siroilml li bm mcmligom y ib cjftrjb qui si bbivm m cmaj li bjsmbugfjs

Mb okumb qui sucili cjf bjs ibigiftjs li ïxotj" y cjgj si nm cjgiftmljmftirojrgifti" bjs prjìsjris tifçmf qui pjfir if ufm prikuftm maoirtm trisliaobolmlis lib gïtjlj Liftrj li istms liaobolmlis bjs prjìsjris nmflistmcmlj tris pjr ifcogm li bms ligís" soiflj mpuftmlms pjr bm krmfgmyjrçm Bm progirm li ibbms is ib nicnj li qui bjs mbugfjs sjbj trmamhmf bmpmrti jrmb if cbmsi" lihmflj uf mspictj tmf ogpjrtmfti cjgj is bm isc rotu rm li bmlj Mcbmrmf gucnjs qui isti mspictj fj si tjcm so bjs mbugfjs fj nmcifbjs liairis Qicjrligjs m isti rispictj qui m pismr li qui ib oftifsjtrmamhj li prjfufcomcoóf bbivmlj m cmaj is uf mspictj listmcmlj cjgjcbmvi lib ïxotj pjr ib prjìsjrmlj" ïstjs ricbmgmf pjfir mbkj gís li mtifcoófif bj riìrolj m bm iscroturm" sof pirlir li vostm pjr tmftj bjs liairis cjgjibigiftj cbmvi pmrm bm gihjrm li isti mspictj ym qui fj jbvoligjs qui sivmbjrmam cjgj mbkj guy pjsotovj qui bjs mbugfjs fj iscroaoirmf if c bmsi

Jtrj li bjs mspictjs gís lïaobis listmcmlj pjr ib prjìsjrmlj is qui ifjcmsojfis bms cbmsis puilif risubtmr gjfótjfms" ripitotovms y if jcmsojfismbkj maurrolms pmrm ib mbugfmlj Ujr jtrm pmrti y if ribmcoóf m bjs m bugfjs "ufm krmf gmyjrçm listmcm ib nicnj li qui fj puilif ripitor fovib" mspictjqui criif si liairçm cmgaomr pmrm qui mbkufjs puloirmf ripmsmr uf mýj gís

so fj nmf mpriflolj mbkufms cuistojfis ogpjrtmftis M cjbmcoóf li locnmof`jrgmcoóf" sjf mbkufjs bjs prjìsjris qui listmcmf qui ixostif lostoftjsfovibis liftrj li bjs mbugfjs qui toifif if sus cbmsis" m pismr li qui si nmpuftumlj pjsotovmgifti mftirojrgifti ib fovib li njgjkifiolml iftri bjsmbugfjs" bjs prjìsjris nmf listmcmlj tmgaoïf qui fj tjljs bbivmf ib gosgjrotgj liaolj m qui if jcmsojfis cuistm gmftifir tmftj toigpj bmcjfciftrmcoóf j qui mbkufjs mbugfjs sjf gís tçgoljs bj qui bis bbivm m tifirgís lo ocubtmlis m bm njrm li pmrtocopmr if cbmsi

Yfj li bjs puftjs lïaobis qui is ogpjrtmfti fj pirlir li vostm is qui bjs

mbugfjs fj guistrmf ib ljgofoj qui liairçmf if ribmcoóf m bjs toigpjsvirambis fo cjf ib vjcmaubmroj ym qui m bm njrm li mpbocmrbj y prjyictmr bjmpriflolj if jcmsojfis ifcuiftrmf loòcubtmlis Isti prjabigm si puiliixpbocmr cjf jtrms li bms liaobolmlis litictmlms pjr ib prjìsjrmlj y quinmci mbusoóf m qui bms prikuftms jrmbis if jcmsojfis istífliscjftixtumbozmlms j si riòirif m sotumcojfis pjcj mpbocmabis m bm volmlomrom Mligís li bj mftirojr bjs prjìsjris mòrgmf qui ixosti uf ixcisj lilipiflifcom cjf bms tmrhitms y qui if mbkufms jcmsojfis if bjs gosgjspmquitis nmy tmrhitms ripitotovms if bçfim cjf bj mftirojr ib prjìsjrmljtmgaoïf nm gmfoìstmlj bm loòcubtml pmrm ixpbocmr coirtms cuistojfis

krmgmtocm bis qui bjs mbugfjs møf fj nmf bbikmlj m ljgofmr lib ispmýjb



===

Iftri bms liaobolmlis litictmlms pjr ib prjìsjrmlj" cjf istricnm ribmcoófcjf ibbjs gosgjs" ifcjftrmgjs qui ïstjs cjfsolirmf qui toifif pjcm`jrgmcoóf if bj riìrolj m cursjs pripmrmtjrojs li ixígifis jòcombis .UI\" @CIy CMI/ M pismr li qui if mbkufms li bms jasirvmcojfis rimbozmlms pjr ibiquopj li ofvistokmljris li bm Yfovirsolml li Gurcom si nmf jasirvmlj c bmsispripmrmtjroms pmrm istms pruiams if bms qui sç si nm mpricomlj uf auifùfcojfmgoiftj y cjftrjb pjr pmrti li bjs prjìsjris .nigjs li bbmgmr bmmtifcoóf m isti rispictj sjari ib nicnj li qui bm mutjpircipcoóf if`jrgmcoóf li cumbquoir prjìsojfmb soigpri is gís amhm li bj qui if rimbolmlis/ Mligís li istm cjfsolirmc oóf li `mbtm li `jrgmcoóf pmrm bm pripmrmcoófli pruiams jòcombis" bjs prjìsjris cjfsolirmf qui ib gïtjlj bis pirgoti pjcjgmrkif li gjvogoiftj y qui fj toifif gucnm cmpmcolml pmrm sir crimtovjs"offjvmr" utobozmr sus prjpojs gmtirombis i ofcbusj usmr fuivms ticfjbjkçms cjgjpuili sir ib cmsj li bm pozmrrm lokotmb oftirmctovm

Ujr øbtogj y ribmcojfmlj cjf ib ùfcojfmgoiftj li bm mcmligom cjgjigprism bjs prjìsjris vif cjgj ufm liaobolml ib ixcisj li pmpibij y licmgaojs m bjs qui if jcmsojfis si if`riftmf y bm `mbtm li cjgufocmcoóf cjfbjs hiìs li bm gosgm" mspictjs soigpri prjabigítocjs y listmcmljs ifcumbquoir jrkmfozmcoóf y krupj li trmamhmljris Bm risostifcom mb cmgaoj" ibixcisj li aurjcrmcom y bm ribmcoóf hiì'igpbimlj sjf mspictjs libocmljs yqui soigpri kifirmf jpofojfis y cjgiftmrojs mb rispictj" if istm y if tjlmsbms jrkmfozmcojfis ym simf ilucmtovms j li jtrm fmturmbizm

If liòfotovm" bjs risubtmljs jatifoljs cjf isti cuistojfmroj guistrmf ufmvmbjrmcoóf guy pjsotovm pjr pmrti lib prjìsjrmlj cjf bm krmf gmyjrçm li bjsmspictjs sjari bjs qui nmf solj prikuftmljs" jtjrkmflj m istjs if tjljs bjscmsjs ufm puftumcoóf pjr ifcogm li ; .if ufm iscmbm li = m =5/ y vmbjrmfljli `jrgm maoirtm bm iìctovolml lib gïtjlj Listmcm ib prjìsjrmlj mbkufmscuistojfis mbkj gís fikmtovms profcopmbgifti ribmcojfmlms cjf sucmpmcolml li licosoóf pmrm ib lismrrjbbj li bms cbmsis qui istíf gmrcmlmscjf pmutms cbmrms y pricosms y qui if jcmsojfis puili sir bm cmusm li ufmgmyjr maurrogoiftj iftri bjs mbugfjs y li bm ogpjsoaobolml pjr su pmrti limlmptmrsi if cmlm gjgiftj m bms ficisolmlis li mpriflozmhi li bjs

mbugfjs Msç puis istjs progirjs risubtmljs sjari bm pircipcoóf qui ibprjìsjrmlj toifi lib gïtjlj sjf amstmftis pjsotovjs pirj m su viz fjs sirvorífcjgj riìrifcom pmrm bm ibmajrmcoóf li mbkufjs li bjs mspictjs li gihjrm ybçfims li mctumcoóf pbmftimlms if bm øbtogm pmrti li isti of`jrgi

<& QISYB\MLJS CYIS\OJFMQOJ MBYGFJS UQOGMQOM

Lispuïs li bjs lmtjs j`ric oljs pjr ib prjìsjrmlj is ib gjgiftj li prisiftmrbjs lmtjs pbmftimljs pjr ib mbugfmlj ym qui fjs myulmrmf m tifir ufm olimgís circmfm lib gïtjlj @buifcy mb sir ïstjs ufj li bjs prjtmkjfostms

ofloscutoabis li bj qui istmgjs ivmbumflj



==1

Yf tjtmb li <>? mbugfjs li bm itmpm iscjbmr li Urogmrom cugpbogiftmrjfmfófogmgifti uf cuistojfmroj cjfstotuolj pjr =; çtigs Ujrciftmhi sogobmr lipmrtocopmcoóf nuaj li foýms .91)/ qui li foýjs .<>)/ Bjs mbugfjs li Urogmromsuibif tifir ilmlis cjgpriflolms iftri bjs 0'=1 mýjs" sof igamrkj if ibcuistojfmroj pmrtocopmrjf ùflmgiftmbgifti mbugfjs li >" ?" =5" y == mýjs liilml" y if uf pjrciftmhi guy ofìrojr istulomftis li 0 y =1 mýjs li ilml virKríòcm 9

Kríòcm 9 Ujrciftmhi li bms ilmlis li bjs mbugfjs pmrtocopmftis li progmrom

Bm itmpm li Urogmrom istí `jrgmlm pjr sios cursjs Ib tjtmb lib mbugfmlj quicugpbogiftó ib cuistojfmroj quiló lovololj if pjrciftmhis guy sogobmris iftribjs cursjs 3 " <¸ y 9 .mbrililjr lib 11) if bjs tris cmsjs/ Ujrciftmhi sogobmrprisiftmrjf bjs mbugfjs li 0¸ .=>)/ y 1¸ .=0)/" sof igamrkj sjbmgifticjftmgjs liftrj li bm guistrm cjf uf =) li istulomftis lib =ir cursj liUrogmrom

Qispictj m bm pjsoaobolml li qui bjs istulomftis nuaoirmf istmlj if jtrmsmcmligoms li ofkbïs" uf >=) mòrgó qui fufcm nmf msostolj m jtrm mcmligomqui fj ùirm @buifcy

Ib 9;) li bjs ifcuistmljs loci qui toifi mbkøf `mgobomr qui bis nmabm if ofkbïs"`rifti m uf <3) qui mòrgm qui fj

\mb y cjgj si guistrm if bm kríòcm 0 m bm gmyjrçm lib mbugfmlj pmrtocopmfti

bi kustm gucnj .;<)/ istulomr ofkbïs Mligís if uf pjrciftmhi bivigiftisupirojr .>3)/" bjs losciftis mòrgmf qui mpriflir ofkbïs bis risubtm guy `ícob

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Kríòcm 0 Ujrciftmhi li m bugfjs li progmrom qui bis kustm istulomr ofkbïs

If bm Kríòcm ;si guistrm bjs risubtmljs li ljs cuistojfis If bm progirm li

ibbms .siroi =/ bjs mbugfjs cjftistmrjf if uf ?5) qui bis oamf ‒guy aoif‗ ifcbmsi li ofkbïs if ib cjbikoj If bj qui rispictm m bm siroi 1" ïstjs mòrgmrjf ifuf pjrciftmhi sogobmr mb mftirojr .>0"?)/ qui bms cbmsis li ofkbïs if @buifcy bisoamf ‒guy aoif‗ If ib ristj li vmbjris pjsoabis m cjftistmr if mgamscuistojfis bjs pjrciftmhis gmftoifif sogobmris co`rms

Kríòcm ; Ujrciftmhis sjari bm jpofoóf li bjs mbugfjs if cumftj m su riflogoiftjif ofkbïs if ib cjbikoj y if @buifcy

Cmso bm tjtmbolml li bjs ifcuistmljs .?>)/ jpofm qui su fovib li ofkbïs nmgihjrmlj lisli qui is mbugfj li @buifcy Li nicnj" ib >?) cjfsolirm quisus fjtms li ofkbïs if ib cjbikoj nmf gihjrmlj lisli qui msosti m bmmcmligom

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M bjs istulomftis bis kustm ‒gucnj‗ .;5)/ or m bms cbmsis li ofkbïs li @buifcy.Kríòcm >/ Mligís" bm krmf gmyjrçm li bjs ifcuistmljs .>;)/ mòrgm qui biskustmrçm cjftofumr if @buifcy ib próxogj cursj

Kríòcm > Ujrciftmhi li mbugfjs qui bis kustm or m cbmsi if @buifcy

If ribmcoóf m isti øbtogj mspictj" ifcjftrmgjs loìrifcoms sokfoòcmtovms iftrimcmligoms" ifcjftrmflj qui if bm mcmligom Fjrti is ljfli m bjs mbugfjsgís bis kustm or m bms cbmsis li @buifcy" goiftrms qui if bm mcmligomCjfstotucoóf is ljfli gifjs kustm or mufqui ib pjrciftmhi sokui soiflj guyauifj Istjs lmtjs bjs pjligjs vir if ib sokuoifti kríòcm

Kríòcm ? Ujrciftmhi li mbugfjs qui bis kustm or m bms cbmsis li @buifcy pjrmcmligoms

If uf >?) li bjs cmsjs" m bjs mbugfjs bis kustm ‒gucnj‗ sus prjìsjris if@buifcy" uf ?) mòrgm qui ‒pjcj‗ y sjbmgifti uf 1) qui ‒fmlm‗

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If ribmcoóf cjf bjs lmtjs j`ricoljs pjr ib prjìsjrmlj sjari bm rimbozmcoóf libms tmrims if cmsm pjr pmrti li bjs mbugfjs" ifcjftrmgjs qui ïstjs mòrgmfqui ‒fufcm j cmso fufcm‗ .09)/ nmcif bms tmrims li @buifcy if cmsm"goiftrms qui uf 1?) bms nmci if ‒pjcms‗ jcmsojfis.Kríòcm =5/

Kríòcm =5 Ujrciftmhi sjari bm pjsoaobolml li qui bjs istulomftis rimbociftmrims li @buifcy if cmsm

Ujr øbtogj cumflj si prikuftó m bjs mbugfjs pjr bms fjtms y pjr bm pjsoaobolmlli smair gís qui ib ristj li sus cjgpmýirjs .bm cjgpitotovolml iftricjgpmýirjs si `jgiftm cjf isti gïtjlj/ ifcjftrmgjs qui ib ;9) li bjsmbugfjs mòrgm qui bi kustm smcmr gihjris fjtms qui sus cjgpmýirjs y m uf

;=) bi kustm cjfjcir quoïf is ib gihjr mbugfj li @buifcy

Ifcjftrmgjs pjr tmftj ufm krmf smtos`mccoóf pjr pmrti lib mbugfmlj liprogmrom ifcuistmlj qui vmbjrm ib gïtjlj @buifcy cjgj uf gicmfosgjmlicumlj pmrm su gihjrm lib mpriflozmhi lib ofkbïs" mligís bjs mbugfjsquoirif or m bm mcmligom y vmbjrmf qui ib mpriflozmhi liftrj li gmfirm tmfpjsotovm cjgj ib qui mlquoirif if ib cjbikoj ]uilm pjr tifir if cuiftm ygihjrmr bjs mspictjs riìroljs m bjs liairis pmrm cmsm qui nmf soljgifcojfmljs pjr ib prjìsjrmlj cjgj mspictj liòcotmroj y qui ib mbugfmljnm cjrrjajrmlj qui fj rimbozm cjf gucnm `ricuifcom

9& QISYB\MLJS CYIS\OJFMQOJ MBYGFJS SICYFLMQOM

\rms prisiftmr bjs lmtjs cjrrispjfloiftis m bjs mbugfjs li progmrom" mcjftofumcoóf j`ricigjs bjs lmtjs riìroljs mb mbugfmlj li sicuflmrçm qui

huftj cjf bjs mftirojris fjs j`riciríf ufm pmfjrígocm cjgpbitm li bm jpofoóflib mbugfmlj li bm mcmligom

If isti ofstrugiftj nigjs cjftmlj cjf ufm guistrm li 9== suhitjs if tjtmb"li bjs qui uf <9) li bjs gosgjs sjf vmrjfis y uf 99) guhiris Cjf istjs

mbugfjs" qui vmf lisli =¸ li ISJ nmstm 1¸ li Amcnobbir y pjr tmftjcjgpriflif bms ilmlis iftri =1 m => mýjs" fjs ifcjftrmgjs cjf ufm gilom

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li ilml li =<"3 mýjs y cjf ufm lostroaucoóf amstmfti iquoboarmlm iftri bjslostoftjs cursjs qui bm riprisiftmf" cjgj si puili jasirvmr if bm sokuoiftiKríòcm ==" y ljfli ib gmyjr føgirj li mbugfjs si ifcuiftrmf iftri 1¸ y 3¸li ISJ y ib gifjr føgirj if 1¸ li amcnobbirmtj

Kríòcm == Føgirjs masjbutjs li mbugfjs pjr cursj qui rimbozmf if ib

ofstotutjBjs mbugfjs qui `jrgmf pmrti li fuistrm guistrm sjf mbugfjs qui bbivmfvmrojs mýjs if mcmligoms" cjf uf 9;) qui bbivm 0 j gís mýjs y uf =1) bbivm 9mýjs" bj qui supjfi qui uf 0?) li bjs mbugfjs bbivm amstmfti toigpjistulomflj if mcmligoms .ib ristj bbivm gifjs li 9 mýjs/Sof igamrkj" ifribmcoóf m bm msostifcom m bm mcmligom @buifcy ib pjrciftmhi li bjs qui bbivmf0 j gís mýjs si riluci nmstm <5)" goiftrms qui uf =9) bbivm 9 mýjs .Kríòcm=1/ Sof igamrkj" so mkrupmgjs bjs lmtjs" gís lib 95) bbivm if bm mcmligom@buifcy 9 j gís mýjs" i ofcbusj" ib >1) bbivm 3 j gís mýjs bj qui fjs

liguistrm qui fjs ifcjftrmgjs mfti uf mbugfmlj qui ym nm cursmlj gísli uf fovib if bm mcmligom y qui if mbkufjs cmsjs ym nmaçm msostolj m jtrmsmcmligoms cjf mftirojrolml

Kríòcm =1 Mýjs qui bjs mbugfjs bbivmf if bm mcmligom @buifcy

Mb rispjflir m bm prikuftm sjari li quoïf ùi bm olim li or m @buifcy" quilmtjtmbgifti li gmfoòistj li `jrgm gmyjrotmrom qui bjs mbugfjs li sicuflmrom

mculif profcopmbgifti pjr sukirifcom li sus pmlris" ym qui uf >9"=) li bjspmrtocopmftis gmrcó istm cmsobbm" goiftrms qui sóbj uf =3"3) mòrgm qui bm olim

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li mculor m @buifcy ùi pjr ibbjs gosgjs Ujr jtrj bmlj" ib >1"0) li bjsifcuistmljs sç smai pjr quï vm m @buifcy y fj m jtrm mcmligom If bmifcuistm si bis prjpjrcojfó ufm siroi li pjsoaobolmlis li pjr quï oamf m@buifcy .Kríòcm =3/ Bm jpcoóf gís iscjkolm ùi pjrqui sus pmlris poifsmfqui is bm gihjr mcmligom .93"11)/" sikuolm li bm jpcoóf pjrqui quilmcircm li go cmsm .33)/ y pjr jtrjs gjtovjs .13"51)/

Kríòcm =3 Ujrciftmhi li jpc ojfis li pjr quï bjs mbugfjs vmf m @buifcy yfj m jtrm mcmligom

Cjgj si puili jasirvmr if bm Kríòcm =< bjs mbugfjs li bm guistrm if sugmyjrçm .>;)/ nmf nmabmlj mbkufm viz if ofkbïs cjf jtrm pirsjfm Sofigamrkj" mbkj gís li bjs ljs tircojs li bm guistrm .;;)/ fj nmabm cjf fmloiif su cmsm if ofkbïs Mligís" gís li bm gotml li bjs ifcuistmljs .93)/fufcm nm istmlj if uf pmçs li nmabm ofkbism

Kríòcm =< Ujrciftmhi li mbugfjs qui nmf istmlj if uf pmçs ixtrmfhirj"nmabmf ofkbïs cjf jtrm pirsjfm y nmabmf ofkbïs if cmsm

Bjs mbugfjs li sicuflmrom qui mculif m @buifcy .Kríòcm =9/ sjf mbugfjs mbjs qui if su gmyjrçm bis kustm ib ofkbïs amstmfti .<;)/ j gucnj .<=)/4 mb okumb

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pjrqui fj vjyaoif y fic isotj

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pjr jtrjs gjtovjs

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ºNms istmlj mbkufm vizif ib ixtrmfhirj if ufpmçs li nmabm ofkbism:

ºNms nmabmlj mbkufm vizif ofkbïs cjf jtrm

pirsjfm if tu volm lomrom:

ºNmabms if tu cmsm ifofkbïs cjf mbkuoif:

SoFj



==>

qui cjfsolirmf qui si bis lm amstmfti aoif .93)/ j guy aoif .3<)/ istiolojgm" mligís sóbj nmy =) qui cjfsoliri qui fj si bi lm fmlm aoif ibofkbïs

Ujr jtrj bmlj" if ribmcoóf m sus risubtmljs if bm cbmsi li ofkbïs if ib ofstotutj"

bjs mbugfjs cjfsolirmf if su gmyjrçm qui bis vm guy aoif .03)/ j amstmftiaoif .1>)/ Fj jastmfti" mb riìrorfjs m cógj vmf if bm cbmsi li ofkbïs li@buifcy" ib pjrciftmhi li bjs qui vm guy aoif amhm nmstm ib <5)" goiftrms bjsqui cjfsolirmf qui vm amstmfti aoif suai nmstm ib <?) Mligís" ixosti uf=5) qui cjfsolirm qui fj bi kustm fmlm or m bm c bmsi li @buifcy y uf 1?) quibi kustm pjcj" pirj sokui soiflj gmyjrçm bjs qui bis kustm amstmfti .<<)/ jgucnj .=;)/ or m bms cbmsis li @buifcy If liòfotovm bjs mbugfjs vmbjrmf cmso libm gosgm `jrgm .pjsotovm/ bj qui mpriflif if cbmsis li ofkbïs y bj quimpriflif if ib ofstotutj" licbmrmflj mligís qui bis kustm msostor m bmmcmligom

Ujr øbtogj" y if ribmcoóf mb prjìsjrmlj" fjs ifcjftrmgjs uf krmf pjrciftmhili mbugfjs m bjs qui bis kustmf bjs prjìsjris qui toifif if @buifcy amstmfti.<<)/ j gucnj .<<)/

Kríòcm =9 Lmtjs mcugubmtovjs sjari mspictjs li @buifcy" ib ofstotutj y libofkbïs if kifirmb

Cjf rispictj m bms tmrims qui bjs prjìsjris li @buifcy gmflmf pmrm cmsm" bmgmyjrçm suibi nmcirbj m gifulj .<<)/ j soigpri .3>)/" goiftrms qui ixosti uftmftj pjr coirtj qui bj nmci pjcj .=1)/ j fufcm .0)/" msç puis ib pjrciftmhili mbugfjs li sicuflmrçm qui rimbozm bms tmrims is amstmfti gmyjr qui if ibcmsj li bjs li progmrom if ib qui istm jpcoóf irm cmso ofixostifti Mb gosgjtoigpj" bjs mbugfjs pmrtocopmftis criif qui sus fjtms li ofkbïs lib ofstotutj

nmf gihjrmlj amstmfti .1?)/ j gucnj .<?)/ krmcoms m su msostifcom m bmmcmligom

5) 95) =55)

º\i kustmf bjs prjìsjris li@buifcy:

º\i kustm vifor m cbmsis li ofkbïs li@buifcy:

º\i vm aoif if bm c bmsi li ofkbïs if@buifcy:

º\i vm aoif if c bmsi li ofkbïs if ibofstotutj:

ºSi ti lm aoif ib ofkbïs:

º\i kustm ib ofkbïs:

Fmlm

Ujcj

Amstmfti

Gucnj



==?

Ujr øbtogj" if ib cuistojfmroj fjs ifcjftríamgjs cjf ufm siroi li cuistojfisif bms qui bjs mbugfjs liaçmf iscjkir iftri ljs jpcojfis jpuistms .Kríòcm=0/ Listmcm profcopmbgifti bm òkurm lib prjìsjr ym qui ib ?0) li bjs mbugfjsli bm guistrm jpofmf qui su prjìsjr bis ifsiým gucnj" pjr uf <) qui jpofmbj cjftrmroj Li okumb gjlj" listmcm pjsotovmgifti ib nicnj qui ib >9)cjfsolirm qui bi kustm bm mcmligom @buifcy" mligís li qui uf >3) jpofmqui bi kustmrçm cjftofumr ib próxogj mýj if istm mcmligom @buifcy iscjkicmlm gis mb gihjr mbugfj m pmrtor li ufm siroi li corcufstmfcoms" pirj bjsmbugfjs locif if su gmyjrçm qui fj bis ogpjrtm quoïf is ib gihjr mbugfj ymqui uf >=) iscjkoó istm jpcoóf Sof igamrkj" mb prikuftmrbis so bis kustm j fjsmcmr gihjris fjtms qui sus cjgpmýirjs bm cjsm fj istí tmf cbmrm" ym qui uf93) istogm qui fj bi ogpjrtm qui smquif gihjris fjtms qui ibbjs `rifti m uf<;) qui sç bis kustm Ujr øbtogj" bjs mbugfjs li sicuflmrom li @buifcy if sugmyjrçm gmfoòistmf qui bis kustm istulomr ofkbïs .;;)/ y pjr ibbj bj nmcif" fj

pjrqui bis jabokuif .tmgaoïf uf ;;)/

Kríòcm =0 Mspictjs cbmvi sjari bm mcmligom @buifcy

So lovologjs mbkufjs li istjs mspictjs pjr mcmligoms pjligjs cjgprjamrcógj fj ixostif krmflis loìrifcoms iftri bms gosgms Msç pjr ihigpbj" cjfrispictj mb nicnj li so bis kustmrçm cjftofumr if @buifcy" if bm mcmligomljfli gihjr pjrciftmhi ricoai isti mspictj is if bm mcmligom Iurjpm cjfuf >0"1)" goiftrms qui bm mcmligom Bm Silm jatoifi uf pjrciftmhi mbkj gísamhj cjf uf ;?"9) qui bis kustmrçm cjftofumr Bm loìrifcom pjr tmftj is pjcjsokfoòcmtovm If ribmcoóf m so bis kustm smcmr gihjris fjtms qui sus cjgpmýirjsj fj sç si mpricom ufm gmyjr loìrifcom iftri mcmligoms Li isti gjlj" if

ljfli gifjs bis kustm is if bm mcmligom Iurjpm cjf uf <0)" goiftrms qui



=15

ljfli gís bis kustm is if bm mcmligom Of`mfti ljfli ib pjrciftmhi si ibivmnmstm uf 09"?)

Kríòcm =; Mbugfjs qui bis kustm smcmr gihjris fjtms qui sus cjgpmýirjspjr mcmligoms

Jasirvmgjs pjr tmftj qui cjgj jcurrçm if ib cmsj li bjs mbugfjs liprogmrom bm smtos`mccoóf y bm jpofoóf if kifirmb li bjs mbugfjs li sicuflmromcjf bm mcmligom @buifcy is amstmfti pjsotovm" cjfsolirmf qui mpriflif ygihjrmf su fovib li ofkbïs krmcoms m ïstm i ofcbusj bis kustmrçm sikuor istulomfljif ïstm if uf ùturj

0& QISYB\MLJS CYIS\OJFMQOJ UMLQIS

Mligís li m prjìsjris y m mbugfjs cjfsolirmgjs ficismroj cjftmr cjf bmjpofoóf li bjs pmlris" ym qui cjgj nigjs vostj" tmftj if ib cmsj li bjsmbugfjs li progmrom cjgj if ib li bjs li sicuflmrom" sjf ïstjs bjs quigjtovmf m msostor i ofscroaif m bjs mbugfjs if bm mcmligom Nigjs jatifoljufm guistrm li =;; cuistojfmrojs li bjs cumbis risubtmf bjs sokuoiftis lmtjs

If bjs çtigs li liscropcoóf li bm guistrm prikuftmgjs pjr of`jrgmcoóf tmftjlib pmlri cjgj li bm gmlri Bm gmyjr pmrti li ibbjs toifif ilmliscjgpriflolms iftri bjs <= y 95 mýjs" ym qui istm jpcoóf jatoifi uf 00) if ibcmsj li bjs pmlris y uf ;5) if ib li bms gmlris Mbrililjr lib 15) toifif ufm

ilml cjgpriflolm iftri bjs 3= y bjs <5 mýjs y amstmfti pjcjs si sotømf if bm`rmfhm li ilml li gís li 95 mýjs .=>) li bjs pmlris y >) li bms gmlris/ Sofjs riìrogjs m bjs istulojs li bjs pmlris .Kríòcm =>/" tmftj if ib cmsj li bjspmlris .0?)/ cjgj if ib li bms gmlris .;1)/ bm gmyjrçm toifif istulojsufovirsotmrojs" sikuolj guy li bihjs li pmlris .15)/ y gmlris .=?)/ qui toifif`jrgmcoóf prjìsojfmb Mb gosgj toigpj" ib ?;) li bjs pmlris mòrgm quitrmamhm ùirm li cmsm mb okumb qui uf ><"0) li bms gmlris qui tmgaoïf bjnmcif

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Kríòcm => Fovib li istulojs li bjs pmlris y bms gmlris

Yfj li bjs mspictjs qui fjs puili risubtmr amstmfti oftirismfti sjari fuistrm

guistrm is ib fovib li ofkbïs li bm gosgm Bjs pmlris qui bbivmf sus nohjs m@buifcy toifif fovibis lospmris li ofkbïs .Kríòcm =?/ Li isti gjlj" uf 10"9)li bjs pmlris y uf 10";) li bm gmlris mòrgmf fj smair fmlm li ofkbïs" pjr uf1;"=) li bjs pmlris y uf 39">) li bms gmlris qui litirgofmf qui smaif ufpjcj li ofkbïs Mligís" ib <1"1) li bjs pmlris y 3=">) li bms gmlris criifqui si liòiflif cjf ib ofkbïs Sóbj uf <) li bjs pmlris y uf 9";) li bmsgmlris si cjfsolirmf aobofkòis

Kríòcm =? Fovib li ofkbïs li bjs pmlris y gmlris

Si puili mòrgmr qui príctocmgifti bm tjtmbolml li bjs ifcuistmljs bbivmf mcbmsi ixtrmiscjbmris li ofkbïs m sus nohjs pjr oftirïs pirsjfmb" ym qui ib ?>">)msç bj gmrcó if bm ifcuistm Guy mbihmlms si ifcuiftrmf ib ristj li jpcojfis"ym qui ib =5"1) iscjkoó pjr lospjfoaobolml njrmrom `rifti m jtrms mctovolmlis"uf ?";) pjr amhj riflogoiftj iscjbmr" uf =<"1) pjr oftirïs ispic omb lib foýj" uf

=="?) pjrqui jtrjs mgokjs*ms vmf m bm mcmligom y uf ;"<) pjr jtrms rmzjfisMb prikuftmr pjr bjs gjtovjs qui bis bbivmrjf m iscjkir @buifcy .Kríòcm 15/" uf

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Fmlm Ujcj Gi liòiflj Aobofkòi

Umlris

Gmlris



=11

0>"<) bm iscjkoó pjr ib auif fjgari qui istm mcmligom toifi" uf 33"3) pjr bmcircmfçm m su cmsm y 10"0) pjrqui jtrjs mgokjs j `mgobomris trmif mquç m susnohjs*ms

Kríòcm 15 ºUjr quï bjs pmlris iscjkoirjf @buifcy:

Ujr jtrj bmlj" cmso bm gotml li bms mgoboms.<;)/ mòrgmf qui toifif gís nohjs ifistm mcmligom" uf 93) licbmrm qui sóbj toifi m uf nohj if @buifcy .kríòcj </

Kríòcm 1= Lmtjs sjari so toifif j fj gís nohjs if @buifcy

Bm smtos mccoóf if kifirmb li bjs pmlris cjf bm mcmligom prisiftm lmtjs guy

pjsotovjs .Kríòcm 11/ Yf >?) li bjs pmlris ifcuistmljs cjfsolirm qui istíguy smtosìcnj j smtosìcnj cjf bm ivjbucoóf li su nohj If riìrifcom mbprjìsjrmlj li istm mcmligom" ?>¼<) licbmrmf istmr guy j tjtmbgiftismtosìcnjs" bj qui is uf lmtj msjgarjsj pjr bm cmso ufmfogolml If ribmcoófcjf ibbj" ib ?;) gmfoòistmf istmr tjtmbgifti j guy smtosìcnjs cjf ib trmtjricoaolj if bm mcmligom @buifcy _ pjr øbtogj" cmso ib >5) gmfoòistmf istmrguy j tjtmbgifti smtosìcnjs cjf bm ivjbucoóf li sus nohjs if @buifcy" bj quiriprisiftm okumbgifti uf pjrciftmhi mbtçsogj li smtos mccoóf li bjs cboiftis

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Circmfçm li cmsm Auif fjgari li bmmcmligom

Jtrjs `mgobomris jmgokjs trmif m sus

nohjs

Jtrjs

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93)Sç Fj



=13

Kríòcm 11 Smtos mccoóf li bjs pmlris

Si jasirvm pjr tmftj if bm kríòcm mftirojr cjgj bm gmyjrçm li bjs pmlrisistíf cjftiftjs cjf bm ivjbucoóf li sus nohjs" cjf ib trmtj ricoaolj y cjf ibprjìsjrmlj" fj ifcjftrmflj if fofkufj li bjs cmsjs pmlris qui ofloquifqui fj istíf fmlm smtos icnjs

Ujr øbtogj" if ib cuistojfmroj si bis prisiftmamf ufm siroi li mspictjs sjari bmmcmligom li @buifcy qui tifçmf qui vmbjrmr cjf ufm iscmbm qui oam li = m=5" soiflj bm puftumcoóf = ib gçfogj.bj qui oflocm qui fj bi smtos`mci ifmasjbutj/ y =5 bm vmbjrmcoóf gíxogm .qui oflocmrçm qui istí cjgpbitmgiftismtosìcnj/ Nmy qui mòrgmr qui if bçfims kifirmbis tjljs bjs mspictjsmfmbozmljs jatoifif ufm puftumcoóf amstmfti auifm" ym qui bms giloms

jatifolms si ifcuiftrmf iftri ~; y >";<

Li isti gjlj" si puili cjgprjamr cógj ib mspictj cjf ib qui gifjs istíf

smtosìcnjs bjs pmlris is cjf bm ribmcoóf cmbolml'pricoj" ym qui jatoifi ufmpuftumcoóf li 0"?>" qui muf soiflj pjsotovm" is bm gís amhm li tjlms Ibsokuoifti mspic tj li bm mcmligom qui jatoifi puftumc oóf mbkj gís amhm cjfrispictj m bms ligís is bm cmftolml li liairis j trmamhjs if cmsm cjf ufmpuftumcoóf li ;"1\ifoiflj if cuiftm qui bm gmyjrçm li istulomftis 'tmftjli Urogmrom cjgj li Sicuflmrom' gmfoòistmf fj nmcir tmrims if cmsm" fjsprikuftmgjs so isti puftmhi fj istmrí gmfoìstmflj qui m bms `mgoboms biskustmrçm vir mbkj gís li trmamhj if cmsm ribmcojfmlj cjf bm mctovolmlmcmlïgocm lismrrjbbmlm if @buifcy If cumbquoir cmsj sirçm uf lmtjoftirismfti m oflmkmr if ùturms ifcuistms

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Urjìsjrmlj

Ivjbucoóf li sunohj

Fmlm

Ujcj

Gucnj

\jtmbgifti



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Bjs pmlris istíf amstmfti smtosìcnjs cjf ib fovib li ofkbïs mlquorolj pjr susnohjs y cjf bm lofígocm li bm mc mligom" cjf ufms puftumc ojfis li ;"? y ;">?rispictovmgifti Mligís li bj mftirojr ifcjftrmgjs qui bm smtos`mccoóf libjs pmlris if cumftj m bm gihjrm li bms cmboòcmcojfis li su nohj if ib ciftrjiscjbmr is li uf ;"0? Bjs pmlris si guistrmf okumbgifti guy smtosìcnjs cjfbm mtifcoóf pjr pmrti lib pirsjfmb li @buifcy y lib prjìsjrmlj" quicjfsokuif bms puftumcojfis gís mbtms" cjf uf >";< y uf >"0 rispictovmgiftiUjr øbtogj" listmcmr qui bm smtos`mccoóf kifirmb li bjs pmlris ifcuistmljsqui toifif m su nohj*m gís li uf mýj if bm mcmligom is guy auifm" ym quijatoifi ufm puftumcoóf li >"3= sjari =5

Qibmcoóf cmbolml*pricoj 0"?>

Fovib li ofkbïs mlquorolj pjr su nohj*m ;"?

Lofígocm li bm mcmligom ;">?

Cmftolml li liairis j trmamhjs if cmsm ;"1

Cmbolml lib prjìsjrmlj >"0

Qmpoliz cjf bm qui su nohj mprifli if @buifcy >"5?

Gihjrm if bms cmbo ocmcojfis lib ciftrj iscjbmr ;"0?

Mtifc oóf pjr pmrti lib pirsjfmb li @buifcy >";<

If kifirmb" ib krmlj li smtos mccoóf >"3=

\mabm => Smtos mccoóf li bjs pmlris qui toifif m sus nohjs gís li uf mýj

Cjgj si nm pjlolj cjgprjamr cjf bjs lmtjs mftirojris" bjs pmlris istífsmtos icnjs if mbtj krmlj cjf bm mcmligom @buifcy m bm cumb" if bm gmyjrçm libjs cmsjs" nmf mculolj pjr ib auif fjgari li bm gosgm Mligís pmricifpircoaor qui bjs risubtmljs li sus nohjs if ib ciftrj iscjbmr gihjrmf .fjjbvoligjs qui is ufj li bjs mspictjs profcopmbis pjr bj qui uf pmlri bbivm m

su nohj m ufm mcmligom/ Sjrprifli tmgaoïf qui if bj qui rispictm m bmribmcoóf cmbolml*pricoj" mufqui is ufj li bjs mspictjs qui nm puftumlj gísamhj" si jatoifi ufm vmbjrmcoóf gís pjsotovm li bj qui cmarçm ispirmrsi mprojro

;& QISYB\MLJS LI BM UQYIAM LI FOPIB

\rms bm pruiam li cjfjc ogoiftj li bm bifkum ofkbism rimbozmlm ib lçm ; li hufojli 15=1 m bjs cumtrj mbugfjs qui nmf supirmlj ib fovib 9 li bm mcmligom@buifcy si nmf jatifoljs bjs sokuoiftis risubtmljs



=19

Qicjrlmrigjs mquç qui si nm rimbozmlj ufm pruiam mlmptmlm lib ixmgifli Cmgarolki DI\" tmb y cjgj nigjs ixpbocmlj mftirojrgifti

CJGUQIFSOÓF BIC\JQM8 If bm pruiam li cjgprifsoóf bictjrm y ixprisoófiscrotm cjf uf tjtmb li viofti puftjs si jatoifi uf tjtmb li8 0*15" =<*15" ==*15

y >*15

IÛQISOÓF ISCQO\M8 If cumftj m bm arivi rilmccoóf ofcbuolm if ib mpmrtmljli cjgprifsoóf bictjrm y ixprisoóf iscrotm y cjf uf pjrciftmhi gíxogj licofcj puftjs" bjs risubtmljs ricjpobmljs sjf bjs sokuoiftis8 3*9" <*9" <*9 y 3*9

CJGUQIFSOÓF JQMB8 If ribmc oóf m bm pruiam li cjgprifsoóf jrmb cjf ufgíxogj li quofci puftjs" si jatoifif bjs sokuoiftis risubtmljs8 0*=9"=5*=9">*=9 y ;*=9

Cjgj cjfcbusoóf" cmai gifcojfmr qui bm gilom lib mbugfmlj rjzm ibmprjamlj if bms lostoftms listrizms ivmbumlms" mbcmfzmflj if bms rilmccojfisufm gmyjr fjtm cjgj gilom

Fj jastmfti" liaolj mb iscmsj føgirj li pmrtocopmftis if ib ixmgif" uf tjtmbli cumtrj mbugfjs" bjs risubtmljs jatifoljs fj puilif cjfsolirmrsiriprisiftmtovjs lib fovib mfmbozmlj Sirçm ricjgiflmabi" so rimbgifti si lisimjatifir ufm vosoóf rimbostm lib fovib giloj li bjs mbugfjs" mpbocmr istmspruiams m uf gmyjr føgirj li mbugfjs y li lostoftms mcmligoms*prjìsjrisCjfsolirmgjs qui mpjrtmrçm lmtjs li krmf oftirïs sjari ib fovib licjgpitifcom bofkòçstocm lib mbugfmlj li @buifcy

Oftiftmflj ixtrmir mbkufm cjfcbusoóf li istjs lmtjs y msugoïfljbm cjf bmprulifcom m bm qui bm guistrm tmf piquiým fjs jabokm" si puili cjgprjamrqui" m pismr li qui bm gilom lib mbugfmlj rjzm ib mprjamlj if bms lostoftmslistrizms ivmbumlms" is if bm pmrti li rilmccoóf if bm qui jatoifif ufmgmyjr fjtm gilom Sjari isti mspictj is ogpjrtmfti bbmgmr bm mtifcoóf ymqui ib prjìsjrmlj nm gmfo istmlj su prijcupmcoóf pjr bm iscmsiz li trmamhjiscrotj qui rimbozmf bjs mbugfjs soiflj òfmbgifti ufm li bms listrizms if bmsqui puftømf gís mbtj" bj qui pjlrçm sir uf oflocmljr li qui trmamhmflj bm

ixprisoóf jrmb y vosumbozmflj bms pmbmarms tmgaoïf is pjsoabi lismrrjbbmrnmaobolmlis li ixprisoóf iscrotm

Mligís li bj mftirojr fj liaigjs javomr qui fjs ifcjftrmgjs mfti bjsrisubtmljs li ufm pruiam qui nm tifolj qui sir gjloòcmlm pmrm mlmptmrsiif cumftj m bm lurmcoóf" qui tmf sóbj nmf pmrtocopmlj cumtrj mbugfjs ymligís m òfmb li cursj" bj qui cjofcoli c jf sus ixígifis iscjbmris Ujr jtrmpmrti ib mbugfmlj qui istí mcjstugarmlj m uf topj li trmamhj lurmfti tjljib cursj if bm mcmligom y qui fufcm si nm if`riftmlj m isti topj li pruiams'qui if jcmsojfis is ficismroj iftrifmr y prmctocmr uf gçfogj' is guy pjsoabi

qui puftøi gís amhj li su fovib cjrrispjfloifti \mgaoïf puili nmairof`buolj 'j quozís fj" bj liscjfjcigjs' ib nicnj li sir ufm mctovolml



=10

liscjftixtumbozmlm li su mctovolml nmaotumb if @buifcy M pismr li qui sinmym trmamhmlj tjlj ib mýj if bm mcmligom is ficismroj mligís" soigpriqui ufj si if`riftm m ufm pruiam" uf ripmsj privoj li bj istulomlj .pjrgçfogj qui sim/ Ujr tjlj ibbj oftirpritmgjs qui bjs risubtmljs jatifoljs" quinmf mbcmfzmlj j aoif si nmf quilmlj circm li ufm puftumcoóf gilom" sjfpjsotovjs tifoiflj if cuiftm tjljs bjs ofcjfvifoiftis cjgiftmljs" m pismr liqui fj puilif kifirmbozmrsi pjr tjljs bjs mspictjs qui mcmamgjs liixpjfir y pjr bm pjcm riprisiftmtovolml li bm guistrm ivmbumlm

QISYB\MLJ S LIB MFÍBOSOS LI LM\JS C YMBO\M\OPJ

M cjftofumcoóf vmgjs m prisiftmr bjs risubtmljs riìroljs mb mfíbosos li lmtjslirovmljs li bms jasirvmcojfis rimbozmlms lurmfti bm sikuflm rjflm lijasirvmcojfis Istjs risubtmljs fjs myulmríf huftj cjf bjs lmtjs j`ricoljs pjrpmlris" prjìsjris y mbugfjs m tifir ufm olim gís cjgpbitm li fuistrjjahitj li istuloj

Si nmf bbivmlj m cmaj uf tjtmb li =; jasirvmcojfis if bms mcmligoms li@buifcy8 @bjtm .9/" Fjrti .9/" Of`mfti .3/" Iurjpm .3/ y Cjfstotucoóf .=/ Istmsjasirvmcojfis si rimbozmrjf lisli ib 1= li gmyj mb > li hufoj" tjlms if njrmrojli tmrli .li =0855 njrms m bms 15835 njrms/ y if ibbms si jasirvó ib lismrrjbbj libms cbmsis li =0 prjìsjris .ym qui ufj si jasirvó if ljs jcmsojfis/ li bjsqui ; sjf guhiris y =5 njgaris If cumftj m bjs fovibis jasirvmljsifcjftrmgjs qui si nmf rimbozmlj jasirvmc ojfis li tjljs bjs fovibis ixciptjlib 9 y lib >" nmaoïfljsi bbivmlj m cmaj uf føgirj vmromabi lijasirvmcojfis lib ristj li fovibis8

• Fovib =8 =• Fovib 18 3• Fovib 38 9• Fovib <8 1• Fovib 08 1•

Fovib ;8 3• Fovib ?8 =

Ib føgirj li mbugfjs if cmlm ufm li bms jasirvmcojfis rimbozmlms nm soljvmromabi" ifcjftrmflj if =3 li bms sisojfis li iftri 9 y ? mbugfjs" if 3sisojfis =5 j gís mbugfjs y tmf sóbj if ufm gifjs li cofcj mbugfjs Ifcumftj m bms ilmlis lib mbugfmlj jasirvmljs ifcjftrmgjs =5 jasirvmcojfisrimbozmlms m foýjs" 9 m mljbisciftis y 1 m mlubtjs

M cjftofumcoóf" prisiftmgjs bjs risubtmljs lib mfíbosos li bjs lmtjs bbivmlj mcmaj jrkmfozmljs if loìriftis abjquis tigítocjs li gmfirm qui si `mcoboti

su bicturm i oftirpritmcoóf If progir bukmr si cjgiftmrmf ufm siroi limspictjs kifirmbis li bms loìriftis jasirvmcojfis .mctotul ljcifti" mctotul



=1;

loscifti" ibigiftjs qui `jrgmf pmrti lib mubm" lostroaucoóf li ïstjs/ pmrmpjstirojrgifti ciftrmrfjs li `jrgm gís cjfcritm if bjs mspictjsribmcojfmljs cjf bm gitjljbjkçm li trmamhj bbivmlm m cmaj lurmfti iblismrrjbbj li bms sisojfis .bjs jahitovjs y topjs li mctovolmlis" ib usj li bmstmrhitms" ib rotgj" itc/

>& MSUIC\JS KIFIQMBIS&

If cumftj m bjs mspictjs kifirmbis vmgjs m prisiftmr of`jrgmcoóf riìrolm mbm mctotul if cbmsi" tmftj lib ljcifti cjgj li bjs mbugfjs" ibcjgpjrtmgoiftj y mctumcojfis if cbmsi li mgajs" ib mgaoifti y ib cbogmkifirmlj y bm ribmc oóf iftri prjìsjr y mbugfj

MC \O\YL _ CJGUJQ\MG OIF\J LIB UQJ@ISJQMLJ _ IB MBYGFMLJ

If bj qui rispictm m bm m c t ot ul y m b c jg p jrtmg oif tj if cbmsi li b lj c if t i sinmf cjftigpbmlj ufm siroi li rmskjs y cjgpjfiftis qui fjs myulmf mloauhmr li gmfirm kifirmb uf piròb lib istobj ljcifti bbivmlj m cmaj if bmscbmsis pjr bjs prjìsjris pmrtocopmftis

If progir bukmr" if bj riìrolj m bjs loìriftis cjgpjfiftis li bm mctotulljcifti ifcjftrmgjs qui if ; sisojfis ib prjìsjrmlj toifi ufm mctotullorictovm" if jtrms ; sisojfis si nm jasirvmlj ufm mctotul fj lorictovm lib

prjìsjrmlj" goiftrms qui if 3 cbmsis bm mctotul li ljcifti nm solj fiutrm ifisti siftolj

Mligís" if =5 li bms sisojfis jasirvmlms ib prjìsjr si guistrm sjfroifti cjfib mbugfmlj lurmfti ib lismrrjbbj li bms cbmsis" if 0 sisojfis ib ljcifti siguistrm siroj mfti bjs mbugfjs y if ufm toifi ufm mctotul fiutrmb

If cumftj m bm mgmaobolml qui guistrm ib prjìsjr" if =9 cmsjs ib ljcifti nmgjstrmlj ufm mctotul mgmabi cjf sus mbugfjs `rifti m uf sjbj cmsj if ib quiib prjìsjrmlj si nm gjstrmlj gís rulj Ujr øbtogj" jasirvmgjs qui uf sjbj

ljcifti nm gjstrmlj ufm mctotul oftirgilom if cumftj m isti mspictjmfmbozmlj

Cumflj nigjs jasirvmlj so ib prjìsjrmlj si oliftoòcm mìctovmgifti cjfbjs mbugfjs nigjs ifcjftrmlj qui if =1 cmsjs ib ljcifti si guistrmigpítocj" `rifti m 1 prjìsjris if bjs si nm jasirvmlj gifjr igpmtçm"ifcjftrmflj tris cmsjs cjf ufm mctotul fiutrmb if isti siftolj

If gís li bm gotml li bms jasirvmcojfis rimbozmlms .=< cmsjs/" ib prjìsjrmljsi nm gjstrmlj mctovj if ib lisigpiýj li su tmrim" if tris li bjs cmsjsjasirvmljs si nm litictmlj gmyjr pmsovolml if bm mctovolml rimbozmlm pjr ib



=1>

prjìsjrmlj y if uf cmsj si nm liscuaoirtj ufm mctotul oftirgilom iftri bmpmsovolml y bm mctovolml

Mbkj sogobmr jcurri cjf ib oftirïs gjstrmlj pjr ib ljcifti ym qui" if gís libm gotml li bjs cmsjs jasirvmljs" ib prjìsjrmlj si nm gjstrmlj oftirismlj

pjr bjs mbugfjs .f7=</" if ljs cmsjs nm gjstrmlj lisoftirïs y if jtrjs ljscmsjs nm solj fiutrmb

Ujr jtrm pmrti" ib prjìsjrmlj nm gjstrmlj ufm krmf trmfquobolml.f7=5/lurmfti bms sisojfis" `rifti m 0 ljciftis qui nmf istmlj firvojsjs"quozís pjr bm prisifcom li uf jasirvmljr if su cbmsi Ujr øbtogj" tmf sóbj ifufm sisoóf ib ljcifti si nm gjstrmlj cjf mctotul fiutrmb

Kríòcm 13 Føgirj li c msjs li cmlm rmskj li bm mc totul lib prjìsjrmlj

Ujligjs pjr tmftj listmcmr qui if bj qui rispictm m bm mctotul libprjìsjrmlj" tmb y cjgj si puili cjgprjamr if bm kríòcm mftirojr y if bjs

lmtjs prisiftmljs" si jasirvm uf piròb lib prjìsjrmlj mgmabi" mctovj ioftirismlj pjr sus mbugfjs" qui lisigpiým su bmajr ljcifti cjftrmfquobolml y sjfroiflj m bjs mbugfjs Mligís li bj mftirojr" is cmpmz lipjfirsi if ib bukmr li ibbjs y smai mctumr cjf lorictovolml cumflj isficismroj Sóbj if ufm li bms jasirvmc ojfis rimbozmlms si nmci c jfstmtmr if bmòcnm li jasirvmc oóf uf coirtj !liscjftrjb! li bm c bmsi if mbkufjs gjgiftjs

Mligís li bm mctotul lib prjìsjrmlj nigjs quirolj cjfjcir ibcjgpjrtmgoiftj li ïsti lurmfti ib lismrrjbbj li bms sisojfis Msç" if ùfcoófli bjs lmtjs qui si lispriflif li bm jasirvmcoóf" ifcjftrmgjs qui if ==

cmsjs ib prjìsjrmlj risuibvi lulms cumflj ib mbugfj bi prikuftm y quimligís if ? sisojfis ib prjìsjrmlj lm jroiftmcojfis mb mbugfj cumflj ïsti

=9=< =<

=1=5 =5

;

Mgmabi Mctovj Oftirismlj Igpítocj

\rmfquobj Sjfroifti Loric tovj



=1?

toifi lulms 'if bukmr li oflocmrbi bm rispuistm cjrrictm'" bj cumb is vmbjrmljpjsotovmgifti pjr bjs jairvmljris cjgj istrmtikom li !ifsiýmr m mpriflir! mbjs mbugfjs

Ujr jtrm pmrti" si nm jasirvmlj qui if gís li bm gotml li bjs cmsjs .f7?/ ib

prjìsjrmlj j`rici ìilamcd mb mbugfj cumflj ïsti rispjflicjrrictmgifti Mligís" if tjljs bjs cmsjs" ib ljcifti riùirzm y cjrroki bmprjfufcomcoóf cumflj si iquovjcmf j fj prjfufcomf cjrrictmgifti

If bçfim cjf bj mftirojr" if gís li bm gotml li bjs cmsjs .;0"9)/ ibprjìsjrmlj oliftoòcm m bjs mbugfjs qui fj rispjflif aoif y bis poli quiripotmf .f7=3/

If bj riìrolj mb cjgpjrtmgoiftj lib prjìsjrmlj pmrm gm ftifi r i b c bogm li

cbmsi " nigjs jasirvmlj qui if ? cmsjs ib prjìsjrmlj mctøm li mbkufm

`jrgm pmrm cmgaomr istm sotumcoóf Cumflj ib mbugfmlj bivmftm ib tjfj jkrotm" fj suibi sir uf cjgpjrtmgoiftj ligmsomlj ripriflolj pjr ibprjìsjrmlj" ym qui fj jbvoligjs qui si trmtm li uf topj li gitjljbjkçm ifib qui bjs mbugfjs ripotif m cjrj y if jcmsojfis si bivmftm ib tjfj gís li bmcuiftm Ujr ibbj" fj nigjs ifcjftrmlj fofkøf cmsj if bjs qui ib prjìsjrmljnmym ripriflolj mb mbugfj pjr bjs krotjs" mufqui sç bbmgm bm mtifcoóf m ïstjscjf amstmfti ricuifcom cumflj ib cjgpjrtmgoiftj fj is mlicumlj.f7?/

Nigjs jasirvmlj qui if == sisojfis ib prjìsjrmlj uto b ozm ixpb ocmcojfis

si fc obbm s m fti bm s l ul m s li bjs mbugfjs" ifcjftrmflj qui mprjxogmlmgifti

if bm gotml li bjs cmsjs .f7?/" bbivm m cmaj istms ixpbocmcojfis j gmft o ifi c jfv irsm c oóf cj f bjs m bug fjs l urm fti bjs t oig p js l ist ofm l js m b c mg a oj l i

tmr hitms " `rifti m > cmsjs if bjs qui fj istmabici cjfvirsmcoóf cjf bjsmbugfjs lurmfti istjs ispmcojs Mb rispictj" is pricosj listmcmr qui bj s

t oig p js l ist ofm l js m b c mg aoj l i tmr hi tm s sjf g uy c jr tjs " ym qui ïstms sisuibif pmsmr li `jrgm gís j gifjs rípolm" pjr bj qui is pjsoabi qui ufjsprjìsjris licolmf ispirmr m tirgofmr bm rjflm y jtrjs pmrif y risuibvmf bmlulm if ib gjgiftj if bm qui ïstm si nm pbmftimlj" aísocmgifti is ufmcuistoóf li loscopbofm y li rotgj li bm cbmsi qui cmlm ljcifti licoli cógjmpbocmr Uirj bjs jasirvmljris nmf vmbjrmlj pjsotovmgifti ib isùirzj pjr ib

usj ljcifti li isjs !toigpjs guirtjs! iftri ufm mctovolml y jtrm

Ujr øbtogj" si nm jasirvmlj qui if == sisojfis ib prjìsjrmlj nm lilocmljtoigpj m `jg iftm r bm bu ol iz y tjfm bol m l l i bms rip it oc ojfis l i bjs m bug fjs ymqui fj jbvoligjs qui istmgjs nmabmflj li ufm gitjljbjkçm if bm qui bmrispuistm li bjs mbugfjs si ciftrm if bm ripitocoóf m cjrj pjr pmrti li ïstjs



=35

Kríòcm 1< Cmsjs if bjs qui ib prjìsjrmlj `jgiftm bm `buoliz y bm tjfmbolmlif bms ripitocojfis li sus mbugfjs

If ribmcoóf m bm mc t ot ul y c jg pj rt mg oif t j li b m bugfml j " si nmf mfmbozmlj

ufm siroi li rmskjs cjgufis qui fjs myulmf m loauhmr ib pir ob loscifti li bmssisojfis jasirvmlms

If =5 sisojfis ib mbugfmlj si nm gjstrmlj mtiftj lurmfti ib lismrrjbbj li bmsisoóf" if cumtrj li bjs cmsjs jasirvmljs bm mctotul si ifcuiftrm if uf puftjoftirgiloj iftri bm mtifcoóf y bm lostrmccoóf y if tris li bjs cmsjs ib mbugfmljsi nm gjstrmlj amstmfti lostrmçlj

Mligís" if uf pjcj gifjs li bm gotml li bjs cmsjs .f7>/ ib mbugfmlj nmmctumlj li `jrgm sikurm" `rifti m 0 cmsjs qui si nm gjstrmlj ofsikurj Fj

jastmfti" ifcjftrmgjs tris sisojfis if bm qui bm mctotul lib mbugfj is fiutrmb

Ujr jtrm pmrti if bj qui rispictm m bm gjtovmcoóf gjstrmlm pjr bjs mbugfjsifcjftrmgjs qui if gís li bm gotml li bjs cmsjs .f7==/ bjs mbugfjs si nmfgjstrmlj amstmfti gjtovmljs" if 1 sisojfis bm mctotul gjstrmlm si sotøm if ufpuftj oftirgiloj y if < sisojfis si nmf gjstrmlj lisgjtovmljs If mbkufmsisoóf cjf bjs foýjs gís piquiýjs ib prjìsjrmlj si nm gjstrmlj cmpmz liricjflucor bm cbmsi ofsirtmflj mbkufm mctovolml loìrifti cjf bm cumb nmricjflucolj bm mctotul lib krupj gihjrmflj bm mtifcoóf ib cbogm lib mubm

If ribmcoóf m bm mctovolml*pmsovolml lib mbugfmlj" si nm jasirvmlj ufmgmyjr lospirsoóf if bms rispuistms ym qui if 0 cmsjs bjs mbugfjs nmf istmljmctovjs" `rifti m 9 sisojfis if bms qui ib mbugfmlj si nm gjstrmlj mbkj pmsovjy if jtrms 0 if bms qui bm mctotul si nm ifcjftrmlj if uf puftj oftirgiloj"mbugfjs qui sokuif bm lofígocm cjrmb pirj sof ufm mctotul guy mc tovm

Mligís li bm pmsovolml jasirvmlm if mbkufj li bjs cmsjs" if ? li bmsjasirvmcojfis ib mbugfmlj nm tifolj ufm mctotul li cmfsmfcoj" ifcjftrmfljtmf sóbj if tris li bms jasirvmcojfis ufm mctotul gís ifïrkocm pjr pmrti liïstjs Mligís" if 9 cmsjs jasirvmljs bjs mbugfjs si ifcjftrmrjf if uf puftj

oftirgiloj

==

0

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=3=

If bm gmyjrçm li bms cbmsis bjs mbugfjs nmf gjstrmlj ufm mctotul trmfquobm.f7?/" if cofcj li bjs cmsjs nmf istmlj firvojsjs y if tris li bjs cmsjs bmmctotul si nm sotumlj if uf puftj fiutrmb .firvjsj* trmfquobj/

If øbtogj bukmr" if bj riìrolj m bm mctotul lib mbugfmlj" if bm gmyjrçm li bjs

cmsjs ïstjs si guistrmf arjgostms .f7;/" pirj tmgaoïf if uf puftj fiutrmb.f7;/" goiftrms qui if tris cmsjs si guistrmf sirojs

Cjf tjlm bm of`jrgmcoóf qui si mcmam li prisiftmr" if bm sokuoifti kríòcmobustrmgjs ib piròb kifirmb lib mbugfmlj pmrtocopmfti" tjgmflj cjgjriìrifc om mquibbjs rmskjs gís prisiftis if bjs istulomftis

Kríòcm 19 Føgirj li cmsjs li cmlm rmskj li bm mc totul lib mbugfmlj

Bm mctotul gmfoìstmlm pjr ib mbugfmlj if bms jasirvmcojfis rimbozmlms" tmb ycjgj nigjs gjstrmlj if bm kríòcm mftirojr" fjs siýmbm uf piròb li mbugfjprofcopmbgifti gjtovmlj y mtiftj lurmfti ib lismrrjbbj li bms cbmsis M pismrli ibbj" tmgaoïf if mbkufjs gjgiftjs si jasirvm uf piròb li mbugfjtrmfquobj pirj cmfsmlj" quozís pjrqui pmrtocopm if bm øbtogm cbmsi li ufmbmrkm hjrfmlm iscjbmr Si nm pircoaolj tmgaoïf" mufqui if gifjr gilolmqui if bjs cmsjs mftirojris" qui ib mbugfj mctøm li `jrgm sikurm tifoifljufm mctotul mc tovm" mufqui kmstmflj arjgms if cbmsi

Mligís li tjlj ibbj ifcjftrmgjs qui" m pismr li sir ufm pmrti libpbmftimgoiftj li bm gitjljbjkçm li trmamhj if ib mubm" if bm gmyjrçm li bjscmsjs jasirvmljs si nm ifcjftrmlj qui ib mbugfmlj fj sjbocotm bmcjgpitocoóf pjr puftjs .f7=3/" lmtj qui cjofcoli cjf bj ixprismlj if bjscuistojfmrojs li bjs mbugfjs li sicuflmrom" puis bjs piquiýjs sç si guistrmfgís cjgpitotovjs

Mligís" if cmso bm tjtmbolml li bjs cmsjs .f7=9/ ifcjftrmgjs qui bjs mbugfjsljgofmf bm gitjljbjkçm li cbmsi" puistj qui fj nmci `mbtm qui ib prjìsjr

ofloqui qui toifif qui ripitor m cjrj ufm viz qui si guistrmf bms tmrhitms Msç"

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5

15

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=55

Gjtovmlj Mtiftj Cmfsmlj \rmfquobj Sikurj Arjgostm Mctovj



=31

if =9 cbmsis si nm jasirvmlj qui bjs mbugfjs ripotif m cjrj `ícobgifti y sofprjabigm cjgj ufm tmrim qui toifif msugolm i oftirojrozmlm

Cumflj ib mbugfj toifi lulms j ficisotm oftirvifor" prikuftm bms cuistojfis mbprjìsjrmlj .f7=3/" pbmftimflj istms lulms if c umbquoir gjgiftj lurmfti ib

lismrrjbbj li bm cbmsi" ym qui tmf sóbj if mbkufjs cmsjs .f7</ bjs mbugfjsispirmf m tirgofmr bm rjflm li tmrhitms pmrm prikuftmr \mgaoïf si nmfricjkolj if bms jasirvmc ojfis mbkufms sotumc ojfis if bms qui ib mbugfmlj sóbjoftirvoifi cumflj si bi prikuftm" m pismr li qui fj soigpri sjf cjgiftmrojsmcircm li bj qui istíf trmamhmflj .si nmf ifcjftrmlj 9 cmsjs if bjs qui sicjgiftmf bms cuistojfis trmamhmlms/

Kríòcm 10 Cmsjs if bjs qui ib mbugfj prikuftm y rim bozm cjgiftmrojs sjari

bjs trmamhmlj

M pismr li qui bjs mbugfjs cjfjcif qui litrís li bm tmrhitm mpmricif bmspmbmarms iscrotms if ofkbïs" if tmf sóbj 9 li bjs cmsjs jasirvmljs sjbocotmf quisi bi lï bm vuibtm m bms tmrhitms y is kifirmbgifti cumflj si oftrjlucivjcmaubmroj fuivj

Kríòcm 1; Cmsjs if bjs qui ib mbugfj sjbocotm qui si lï bm vuibtm m bmstmrhitms

9

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Fj

9

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Fj



=33

Ujr øbtogj" liftrj li bjs mspictjs riìroljs mb cjgpjrtmgoiftj lib mbugfj"risubtmam oftirismfti cjfjcir bm ribmcoóf istmabicolm iftri ïstjs y ib cbogmkifirmlj if cbmsi If =9 li bms jasirvmcojfis si nm ifcjftrmlj qui ibmbugfmlj fj toifi ribmcoóf iftri sç y qui tmgpjcj si myulmf pjr ofocomtovmpirsjfmb .f7=5/" rifti m ; cmsjs if bjs qui ib mbugfmlj sç si myulm iftri sç

Kríòcm 1> Cmsjs if bjs qui ixosti ribmc oóf iftri bjs mbugfjs pmrtocopmftis

Msç puis si mpricom uf cjgpjrtmgoiftj kifirmb if ib qui ib mbugfj toifimsugolm uf topj li gitjljbjkçm li trmamhj" qui pmrtocopm i oftirvoifi ifcumbquoir gjgiftj pmrm prikuftmr lulms mb prjìsjr y qui si cmrmctirozm pjrtifir ufm iscmsm oftirmccoóf cjf sus cjgpmýirjs

C BOGM LI CBMSI

Yfm viz cjgiftmljs bjs mspictjs gís listmcmljs sjari bm mctotul y ibcjgpjrtmgoiftj li bjs mkiftis profcopmbis if ib lismrrjbbj li bms cbmsis8prjìsjris y mbugfjs" si prjciloó m mfmbozmr ib c bogm li c bmsi k ifirml j i f t ri

mg a j s

If >li bjs cmsjs si nm vmbjrmlj bm cbmsi cjgj lostiflolm" `rifti m ? cmsjs ifbjs qui si nmf jasirvmlj qui bm cbmsi fj is lostiflolm" bj qui prjamabigiftiis uf oflocmljr lib cmfsmfcoj li bjs mbugfjs jasirvmlj if coirtjs cmsjs

If tjljs bjs cmsjs si oflocm qui bm cbmsi is lofígocm" jrkmfozmlm y lorokolm.f7=;/" quozís pjrqui bm gitjljbjkçm li bms tmrhitms ogpbocm uf lofmgosgj"mpjrtmflj m bm cbmsi uf rotgj li trmamhj rípolj

Mligís" cmai listmcmr qui kifirmbgifti si vmbjrm bm c bmsi c jgj privosoabi"quozís pjrqui bms cbmsis sokuif soigpri bm gosgm gitjljbjkçm li trmamhj y bjstoigpjs istíf cbmrmgifti liòfoljs pmrm cmlm mctovolml Fj jastmfti" cmailistmcmr qui fofkufj li bjs jasirvmljris bm vmbjrm cjgj maurrolm fogjfótjfm

1

=9

Sç

Fj



=3<

Ujr øbtogj" is ogpjrtmfti listmcmr qui if =9 li bjs cmsjs jasirvmljs si nmifcjftrmlj qui nmy ufm istricnm ribmc oóf iftri prjìsjris y mbugfjs" soifljvmbjrmlm pjr bjs jasirvmljris cjgj auifm j guy auifm

JQKMFOXMCOÓF LIB MYBM _ UJSOCOÓF LIB UQJ@ISJQ

Mb jasirvmr bm lostroaucoóf lib mubm y bm pjsocoóf li bjs loìriftis ibigiftjs ifbm gosgm" jasirvmgjs qui =< mubms tifçmf gism pmrm ib prjìsjr" `rifti m 3qui fj lospjfçmf li gism If bm gmyjrçm li bjs cmsjs" istm gism fj jcupmamuf pmpib ùflmgiftmb if ib lismrrjbbj li bm cbmsi ym qui istmam sotumlm ifufm isquofm .f7?/" goiftrms qui tmf sjbj if 9 sisojfis si ifcjftrmam if ibciftrj lib mubm If cumftj m bms sobbms" is sokfo ocmtovj listmcmr qui fofkufm liibbms tifçm armzj pmrm pjlir iscroaor" sotuífljsi if == cmsjs if `jrgm li ‒Y‗`rifti mb prjìsjr qui si sotøm if `rifti" if < cmsjs mbrililjr li bm gism y if 1if òbm `rifti mb prjìsjr" lospjfoiflj if bm gmyjrçm li bjs cmsjs .f7==/ liibigiftjs licjrmtovjs

If ribmcoóf mb mubm" bm gmyjrçm li ibbms tifçm uf tmgmýj gilomfj .f7=5/" 9jasirvmcojfis si nocoirjf if cbmsis li tmgmýj piquiýj y 1 if cbmsiskrmflis

Ujr øbtogj y if riìrifcom mb prjìsjr y su uaocmcoóf liftrj lib mubm fjsifcjftrmgjs cjf qui if =3 li bms sisojfis ib prjìsjr istuvj if mbkøfgjgiftj siftmlj `rifti m bjs mbugfjs" mufqui tmgaoïf ifcjftrmgjsmbkufjs prjìsjris qui si sotømf li poi `rifti m bjs istulomftis .f71/ j cjgj so

si trmtmrm li uf mbugfj gís" siftmlj if ufm sobbm .f71/ \mf sóbj if ufm li bmsjasirvmcojfis ib prjìsjrmlj istí tmftj siftmlj cjgj li poi lurmfti bmmctovolml

?& GI\JLJBJKÇM LI BMS SISOJFIS&

Yfm viz pbmftimljs bjs loìriftis mspictjs gís kifirmbis li bmsjasirvmcojfis rimbozmlms is ib gjgiftj li ciftrmrsi if cógj bjs prjìsjris

nmf puistj if gmrcnm bm gitjljbjkçm li trmamhj li @buifcy If progir bukmrricjkirigjs li gmfirm kifirmb ufm siroi li mspictjs riìroljs m bmmpbocmcoóf lib gïtjlj pmrm pjstirojrgifti cjfcritmr if mbkufms cuistojfiscjgj bms mctovolmlis rimbozmlms" bm cjfvirsmcoóf puistm if príctocm cjf bjsmbugfjs y bms tmrhitms utobozmlms" mliftrífljfjs if loìriftis mspictjs liïstms cjgj ib rotgj" ib losiýj" bm prisiftmcoóf" ib føgirj" itc

MUBOC MC OÓF LIB GÏ\JLJ @BYIFC_

Cjf rispictj m bjs mspictjs gís kifirmbis li bm gitjljbjkçm @buifcy

mpbocmlm pjr bjs prjìsjris if progir bukmr cmai gifcojfmr qui si nmfmfmbozmlj uf tjtmb li ;< mctovolmlis rimbozmlms if bms =; sisojfis jasirvmlms



=39

Lib tjtmb li mctovolmlis mfmbozmlms" ifcjftrmgjs qui if 9; si utobozm bmripitocoóf m cjrj li bms `bmsncmrl" sof igamrkj cmso fofkøf prjìsjr .f71/ristmabici ism ripitocoóf if cjrj cjf ‒3"1"=‗ pmrm ritjgmr ib rotgj so si nmpirlolj goiftrms si rimbozm ufm mc tovolml krupmb cjf bms tmrhitms Ujr jtrj bmlj"uf krmf føgirj li prjìsjris .f791/ suibi cjrrikor bm prjfufcomcoóf li susmbugfjs goiftrms qui rimbozm bms lostoftms mc tovolmlis

Kríòcm 1? Qipitocoóf m cjrj li bms @bmsncmrl

Kríòcm 35 Cjrriccoóf li bm prjfufcomc oóf

Yf mspictj guy ogpjrtmfti is so bjs prjìsjris si ixprismf if sus cbmsis sóbjif ofkbïs j bj nmcif tmgaoïf if ispmýjb Msç" ifcjftrmgjs gís prjìsjris quiutobozmf tmftj ib ispmýjb cjgj ib ofkbïs .f7<5/ qui prjìsjris qui sóbj utobocif

ib ofkbïs .f73=/ Mufqui fj nmy ufm prjpjrcoóf li bjs fovibis jasirvmljs sç qui si puili cjfstmtmr cógj if bm gmyjrçm li bjs cmsjs" if bjs fovibissupirojris sóbj si cjgufocmf if ofkbïs" goiftrms qui if bjs fovibis ofìrojris sinmabm tmftj if ofkbïs cjgj if ispmýjb" bj cumb risubtm cjnirifti cjf ib fovibli cjgpitifcom bofkòçstocm li bjs mbugfjs Msç pjr ihigpbj" if ib fovib 1 iftjlms bms jasirvmcojfis rimbozmlms bjs prjìsjris utobozmrjf bjs ljs olojgms ifbms mctovolmlis qui rimbozmrjf4 if ib fovib 3" ib ;0"1) okumbgifti utobozmrjf bjsljs olojgms4 if ib fovib < ifcjftrmgjs bm gotml li mctovolmlis rimbozmlms sóbjif ofkbïs" goiftrms qui bm jtrm gotml irmf rimbozmlms if ofkbïs y ispmýjb4 pjrøbtogj" if ib fovib ; ifcjftrmgjs qui if ib ?1"?) li bms mctovolmlis rimbozmlms

9;

=;So

Fj

91

11 So

Fj



=30

si utobozó sjbmgifti ofkbïs y if ib fovib ? tjlms bms mctovolmlis .=55)/ ùirjflismrrjbbmlms sjbmgifti if ofkbïs

Kríòcm 3= Ujrciftmhis li prjìsjris qui nmabmf sjbj if ofkbïs j if ofkbïs yispmýjb

Jtrj li bjs mspictjs jasirvmljs if ribmcoóf m bm gitjljbjkçm nm solj ib pjlircjgprjamr cógj sjbj ufm piquiým pmrti li mctovolmlis si ixpbocmrjf mftisli su rimbozmcoóf .f7=3/

Yf puftj cbmvi liftrj lib gïtjlj @buifcy is bm mbtirfmfcom iftri ufm pmrtikrupmb pmrm lispuïs pmsmr m bm gosgm mctovolml pirj li gmfirm oflovolumb4li isti gjlj" if 9< mctovolmlis si rimbozó isti prjcisj cçcbocjCjfhuftmgifti" if øfocmgifti 0 mctovolmlis jasirvmlms ib prjìsjr tuvj quivjbvir m bm pmrti krupmb ym qui bjs mbugfjs si iquovjcmamf li `jrgm

riotirmlm li gmfirm oflovolumb Mligís" if ib 3?"1) li bms mc tovolmlis bjsprjìsjris fj tirgofmrjf ism mctovolml nmstm vir qui tjlj ib krupj ljgofmambms rispuistms

If =5 li bms mctovolmlis si pulj jasirvmr qui" cumflj si trmtm livjcmaubmroj" bjs prjìsjris mbtirfmf < j 9 vicis" ufm pmbmarm cjf jtrmnmcoiflj ib cmgaoj guy rípolj pmrm qui bjs mbugfjs mpriflmf bms ljspmbmarms _ if ? li bms mctovolmlis ib prjìsjr cjgoifzm locoiflj bm pmbmarmif mbtj y bjs mbugfjs bm ripotif m cjrj pmrm" pjstirojrgifti" pmsmr m ripitor bmsòcnms if sjbotmroj

Cjgj ym si nm gifcojfmlj" ib gïtjlj @buifcy si cmrmctirozm pjr tifir ufmpmrti krupmb y jtrm oflovolumb if bms mctovolmlis cjf bms `bmsncmrl Msç" si nmjasirvmlj qui bm gmyjrçm li mctovolmlis si nm lismrrjbbmlj tmftj li `jrgmoflovolumb cjgj krupmb .f79</" bj qui si cjrrispjfli cjf ib prjcisj cçcbocj mbqui si nmcçm gifcoóf cjf mftirojrolml Mligís" if =< li bjs cmsjs bmsmctovolmlis ùirjf oflovolumbis y if 0 cmsjs sjbj krupmbis

3=<5

Sjbmgiftinmabm if ofkbïs

Nmabm if ofkbïsy ispmýjb



=3;

Krí`ocm 31 Ujrciftmhi li mctovolmlis oflovolumbis" krupmbis j li mgajs

BMS MC \OPOLMLIS

Cjf rispictj mb topj li mctovolml" if bm gmyjrçm li bms mctovolmlisjasirvmlms bjs mbugfjs tifçmf qui trmlucor mb ofkbïs pmbmarms if ispmýjb.f799/ Mligís" if 11 li bms mctovolmlis bjs mbugfjs tuvoirjf qui cjfstruor`rmsis m pmrtor li jtrms qui si bis lmamf if bm tmrhitm" if =0 tuvoirjf quirispjflir m prikuftms" if == mctovolmlis tuvoirjf qui trmlucor mb ispmýjb bmstmrhitms qui si prisiftmamf" if 9 li bms mctovolmlis trmfs`jrgmrjf `rmsislmlms if ofkbïs" if < li bjs cmsjs bm mctovolml cjfsostoó if ribbifmr nuicjs qui

si bis lihmam if ufm `rmsi prisiftmlm if bm tmrhitm y sjbmgifti 1 mctovolmlistuvoirjf qui nmcir ufm bicturm li tixtjs if ofkbïs

Krí`ocm 33 \opjs li mctovolmlis

=<

09<

Oflovolumb

Krupmb

Mgams

99

11

=0

==

9< 1 \rmlucor mb ofkbïs

Cjfstruor rmsis

Qispjflir m

prikuftms \rmlucor mb ispmýjb

\rmfs jrgmr rmsis

Qibbifmr nuicjs



=3>

If cumftj m bms mc tovolmlis bbivmlms m cmaj m b ofocoj li bms cbmsis" if uf pjc jgifjs li bm gotml li bjs jasirvmcojfis rimbozmlms .f7>/ bjs prjìsjrisprjpocomrjf gilomfti loìriftis mctumcojfis uf auif cbogm mftis li igpizmrbm cbmsi Ujr jtrm pmrti" sóbj if 3 li bms jasirvmcojfis si ifcjftró qui ibprjìsjrmlj cjgifzó bms mctovolmlis cjf bm cjrriccoóf li ihircocojs quigmfló pmrm cmsm mftis li igpizmr Fofkufj li bjs prjìsjris sjflió bjscjfjcogoiftjs privojs qui pjlçmf tifir bjs mbugfjs sjari ib tigm qui oamf mtrmtmr" mufqui if ; li bjs cmsjs si cjgifzó bm cbmsi nmcoiflj riìrifcom mtigms ym trmtmljs

Kríòcm 3< Mspictjs lib ofocoj li bms cbmsis

So fjs òhmgjs if bjs jahitovjs qui tifçmf bms mctovolmlis" if 3? li ibbms ibjahitovj irm mpriflir vjcmaubmroj \mgaoïf si jasirvm qui if 3> li bmsmctovolmlis ib jahitovj irm mpriflir krmgítocm Mligís" if bm gotml li bmsmctovolmlis .f73;/ si gjstrmam cjgj jahitovj ispicçòcj ib gihjrmr bmprjfufcomcoóf li bjs mbugfjs If uf føgirj guy rilucolj li mctovolmlis.f71/ ib jahitovj irm bm cjgprifsoóf bictjrm y if =1 mctovolmlis ib jahitovj irm

bm ixprisoóf jrmb boari

>

3

;

Urjpocom uf auif cbogm mftis li igpizmrCjrroki tmrims pmrm cmsmSjflim bjs cjfjcogoiftjs privojsQiìrifcom m tigms ym trmtmljs



=3?

Kríòcm 39 Jahitovjs li bms mctovolmlis

If cumftj m bm lurmcoóf li bms lostoftms mctovolmlis" bm gotml li bms gosgms.f73;/ luró iftri 0 y =5 gofutjs" sikuolj li mquibbms mctovolmlis qui lurmrjfiftri == y =9 .f7=9/ y li bms qui lurmrjf iftri = y 9 gofutjs .f7=5/ Mligísnuaj 1 mctovolmlis qui lurmrjf iftri =0 y 15 y > qui lurmrjf gís li 15gofutjs

Kríòcm 30 Lurmcoóf li bms mctovolmlis

So fjs òhmgjs if bjs ricursjs qui utobozmf bjs prjìsjris li @buifcy pjligjsjasirvmr cógj ib ricursj gís utobozmlj sjf bms ` bmsncmrl qui ùirjf utobozmlmsif 05 mctovolmlis Ib sikuflj ricursj gís utobozmlj ùi bm p ozm rrm .f71>/ Ujrøbtogj" ifcjftrmgjs bms ` j t j cjp o ms bms cumbis mpifms ùirjf utobozmlms pjr bjsprjìsjris .f70/ Cmai listmcmr qui ib boa rj fufcm nm solj utobozmlj pjr fofkøfprjìsjr if fofkufm mctovolml

=1

1

3; 3> 3?

Ixprisoóf jrmb boari Cjgprifsoóf bictjrm

Urjfufcomcoóf Krmgítocm

Pjcmaubmroj

=5

3;

=9

1 >

Iftri = y 9 gofutjs

Iftri 0 y =5 gofutjs

Iftri == y =9 gofutjs

Iftri =0 y 15 gofutjs

Gís li 15 gofutjs



=<5

Kríòcm 3; Qicursjs utobozmljs if bms mctovolmlis

CJFPIQSMCOÓF

Ujr jtrm pmrti bm cjfvirsmcoóf is ufm mctovolml prisifti if tjlms bms cbmsisqui if bm gmyjrçm li cmsjs si rimbozm mb òfmb li bm sisoóf" mufquiifcjftrmgjs mbkufjs ljciftis qui bm rimbozmf nmcom bm gotml li bm cbmsi Istitopj li mctovolml si nmci profcopmbgifti li `jrgm oflovolumb .f7==/"cjfsostoiflj if bm `jrgubmcoóf li ufm siroi li prikuftms qui liaif orrispjfloiflj cmlm ufj li bjs mbugfjs" li `jrgm qui tjljs pmrtocopif y

nmabif if ofkbïs Fj jastmfti" ifcjftrmgjs uf gifjr føgirj li ljciftisqui rimbozmf bm mctovolml li `jrgm krupmb .f73/" pirj tmgaoïf 3 cmsjs if quibm rimbozmf li gjlj oflovolumb y krupmb

Kríòcm 3> \opj li mctovolml lismrrjbbmlm lurmfti bm cjfvirsmcoóf

Lurmfti bm mctovolml li cjfvirsmcoóf ib ljcifti if mbkj gís li bm gotml li

bms jasirvmcojfis fj suibi utobozmr ricursjs .f7=5/" `rifti m ; cmsjs if bjs qui sç bjs utobozmf

05

1>

0

\mrhitmsUozmrrm

@jtjcjpoms

==3

3Oflovolumb

KrupmbMgams



=<=

Mligís" li mquibbjs prjìsjris qui utobozmf ricursjs lurmfti isti topj limctovolmlis" mbkufjs usmf tmrhitms kokmftis cjf loauhjs qui riprisiftmf ufmsotumcoóf j cjftixtj .f7</ j bm pozmrrm .f73/ Cmai listmcmr qui if fofkufmli bms cbmsis bjs ljciftis utobozmf `jtjcjpoms fo boarjs cjgj mpjyj m bmmctovolml li cjfvirsmcoóf

Kríòcm 3? Ysj li ricursjs ilucmtovjs lurmfti bm cjfvirsmcoóf

Qispictj mb olojgm if ib qui toifi bukmr bm mctovolml li cjfvirsmcoóf" bmgmyjrçm li jasirvmljris oflocm qui ïstm si lismrrjbbm tmftj if ispmýjb cjgjif ofkbïs .f7==/" `rifti m 0 jasirvmljris qui oflocm qui øfocmgifti si nmabmif ofkbïs lurmfti bm mctovolml" tmgaoïf pmrm cjrrikor j nmcir mcbmrmcojfis

Kríòcm <5 Olojgm utobozmlj pmrm lismrrjbbmr bm mctovolml li cjfvirsmcoóf

If ribmcoóf mb topj li oftirmccoóf qui si prjluci if cbmsi lurmfti bmcjfvirsmcoóf" pmrici bókocj qui tjljs bjs jasirvmljris ofloquif qui ib

mbugfj oftirmctøm cjf ib ljcifti .f7=;/" goiftrms qui if tmf sóbj if 3sisojfis jasirvmlms si prjluci tmgaoïf oftirmccoóf iftri bjs mbugfjs

;

=5

Sç Fj

==

0

Ispmýjb i ofkbïs

Ofkbïs



=<1

Mligís" istm mctovolml si cmrmctirozm pjr bm `jrgubmcoóf li prikuftms quitjljs bjs mbugfjs liaif rispjflir .f7=3/" msikurmflj li istm `jrgm bmpmrtocopmcoóf li tjljs bjs istulomftis

If bm gmyjrçm li bjs cmsjs" bm cjfvirsmcoóf toifi ufm lurmcoóf li iftri 0 y =9

gofutjs .f7=1/" sikuolj li ufm lurmcoóf li iftri =0 y 15 gofutjs .f73/"goiftrms qui tmf sóbj uf cmsj oflocm qui si ixtoifli m gís li 15 gofutjs yjtrj cmsj siýmbm qui tifkm iftri = y 9 gofutjs li lurmcoóf

Kríòcm <= Lurmcoóf li bm cjfvirsmcoóf

If cumftj m bms cjrriccojfis" ïstms sjf rimbozmlms profcopmbgifti pjr ibprjìsjr .f7;/ y if gifjr gilolm tmftj pjr ib ljcifti cjgj pjr bjs prjpojsmbugfjs .f70/ Cmai listmcmr qui tmf sóbj if uf cmsj" si jasirvm qui fj sirimbozmf cjrriccojfis m bjs mbugfjs lurmfti bm cjfvirsmc oóf

Qispictj m bjs cjftifoljs qui si trmamhmf if istm mctovolml" bm gmyjrçmoflocm qui si mpbocmf bjs cjftifoljs qui si nmf trmamhmlj lurmfti bm sisoóf.f7;/" pjr isj toifi siftolj qui bm cjfvirsmcoóf si rimboci nmcom ib òfmb li bmcbmsi Fj jastmfti" ixostif uf føgirj mbtj li jasirvmc ojfis if bms qui fj sinmf mpbocmlj bjs cjftifoljs qui si nmf trmamhmlj lurmfti bm sisoóf .f70/

Mligís" if uf cmsj si oflocm qui si mpbocmf cjftifoljs lib cursj if kifirmb

=

0

0

3= Iftri = y 9 gofutjs

Iftri 0 y =5 gofutjs

Iftri == y =9 gofutjs

Iftri =0 y 15 gofutjs

Gís li 15 gofutjs



=<3

Kríòcm <1 Mpbocmcoóf li cjftifoljs lurmfti bm cjfvirsmcoóf

Umrm òfmbozmr" if cumftj mb fovib li ofkbïs qui guistrmf bjs mbugfjs lurmfti bmcjfvirsmcoóf" jasirvmgjs qui if ; sisojfis ib fovib li cjfjcogoiftjs liofkbïs li bjs mbugfjs lurmfti bm cjfvirsmcoóf si cjrrispjfli cjf ib fovib licjftifoljs trmamhmljs if cbmsi" goiftrms qui if 9 sisojfis si jasirvm qui isofìrojr mb fovib li cjftifoljs trmamhmljs if ib mubm Cmai listmcmr quifofkufj li bjs jasirvmljris oflocm qui ib fovib li ofkbïs li bjs mbugfjslurmfti bm cjfvirsmcoóf sim supirojr mb fovib li cjftifoljs trmamhmljs ifcbmsi" mbkj qui pmrici bókocj so tifigjs if cuiftm qui bjs krupjs si

istmabicif if ùfcoóf li ufm pruiam li fovib qui si rimbozm m bjs istulomftismftis li cjgifzmr bms cbmsis if @buifcy

Kríòcm <3 Fovib li cjfjcogoiftjs lib ofkbïs li bjs mbugfjs lurmfti bmcjfvirsmcoóf

;

0

=3

Mpbocm cjftifoljstrmamhmljs lurmfti bmsisoófFj mpbocm cjftifoljs

trmamhmljs lurmfti bmsisoófMpbocm cjftifoljs libcursj if kifirmb

Fj rispjfli

;

9

9

Si cjrrispjfli cjf ibfovib li cjftifoljstrmamhmljs if cbmsiIs ofìrojr mb fovib licjftifoljs trmamhmljsif cbmsiFj rispjfli



=<<

BMS \MQH I\MS J @BMSNCMQL

Bms `bmsncmrl j tmrhitms is ufj li bjs cjgpjfiftis profcopmbis lib gïtjlj@buifcy Cjf rispictj m bms gosgms si nmf jasirvmlj vmrojs mspictjs quicjfsolirmgjs cbmvi mfmbozmr if bms ;< mctovolmlis rimbozmlms if bms =; sisojfis

jasirvmlms8 bm prisiftmcoóf li bms tmrhitms if riìrifcom m so sjf fuivms jmftokums" ib rivirsj li bms tmrhitms" ib jrlif cjgj ib prjìsjr bms guistrm" bjqui ib prjìsjr nmci mfti uf irrjr if ufm li bms tmrhitms y ib føgirj litmrhitms qui nmaçmf pmrm cmlm mctovolml If riìrifcom m istj øbtogj" if bmgmyjr pmrti li bms mctovolmlis .f73?/ bms tmrhitms qui si prisiftmamfjscobmamf iftri bms == y 15 tmrhitms" goiftrms qui if => mctovolmlis istmamfiftri = y =5 y" sjbmgifti if < li bms mctovolmlis si prisiftmamf 1= j gístmrhitms

Cumflj nmcigjs riìrifcom m so bms tmrhitms prisiftmlms sjf fuivms j

mftokums fjs istmgjs riòroiflj mb nicnj li qui ùirm bm progirm viz qui siprisiftmf j ym si nuaoirmf prisiftmlj mftirojrgifti Mligís" if mbkufjscmsjs istms tmrhitms pjlçmf istmr gizcbmlms Li isti gjlj" fjs ifcjftrmgjsqui if 1= li bms mctovolmlis bms tmrhitms istmamf gizcbmlms cjf fuivms yjtrms qui ym si nmaçmf trmamhmlj Sof igamrkj" if =< mctovolmlis sigjstrmrjf øfocmgifti tmrhitms fuivms y if 10 mctovolmlis si gjstrmrjf sjbjtmrhitms mftokums j ym trmamhmlms Mligís" bjs prjìsjris gjstrmrjf istmstmrhitms if bm gotml li bjs cmsjs ufm litrís li jtrm .f73=/ y if bm jtrm gotmlritrjciloiflj y mvmfzmflj .f73=/

If ribmcoóf m gjstrmr ib rivirsj li bms tmrhitms" if gís li bm gotml li bjs cmsjs.f7<5/ bjs prjìsjris fufcm guistrmf ib rivirsj" y pjr tmftj cjgj si iscroai bmpmbmarm j bm `rmsi" goiftrms qui øfocmgifti if 3 mctovolmlis si gjstró ibrivirsj soigpri If =5 mctovolmlis ib ljcifti guistrm bm tmrhitm cumflj siiquovjcmf bjs mbugfjs y if 1 bj nmcif cumflj rispjflif cjrrictmgifti Ujrøbtogj" if ; mctovolmlis si guistrm ib rivirsj tmf sóbj cumflj si trmtm litmrhitms fuivms



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Kríòcm << Qivirsj li bms tmrhitms

Mfti uf irrjr cjf bms tmrhitms fjs ifcjftrmgjs cjf loìriftis `jrgms limctumcoóf If uf krmf føgirj li mctovolmlis .f71?/ bjs prjìsjris cjrrokoirjfib `mbbj y fj cjftofumrjf nmstm qui tjljs rispjfloirjf cjrrictmgifti" if 1<mctovolmlis ifcjftrmgjs qui ib prjìsjr sogpbigifti cjrroki mb mbugfj ycjftofum cjf bms tmrhitms fjrgmbgifti If 15 mctovolmlis si pilçm mb mbugfjqui ripotoirm vmroms vicis bm tmrhitm qui fj smaçm y smbtmam mb sokuoifti mbugfj

Ujr øbtogj" if ; mctovolmlis ib prjìsjr cjrrokoó ib irrjr y ritrjciloó if bmstmrhitms

If bj riìrifti mb rotgj qui gmftoifif bjs prjìsjris cjf bms tmrhitms bjsjasirvmljris tifçmf qui cjgpbitmr ufm iscmbm lib = mb 9" ljfli = nmcçmriìrifcom m guy biftj y 9 m guy rípolj So vigjs bm gilom jatifolm m pmrtorli bms jasirvmcojfis rimbozmlms si puili cjgprjamr cógj ib rotgj qui sisuibi gmftifir is uf rotgj giloj" fo guy biftj fo guy rípolj" ym qui bm gilomjatifolm is li 3"== Mligís" ib rotgj qui bbivmf bjs prjìsjris is uf rotgj quiif bm gmyjrçm li bjs cmsjs" si gmftoifi lisli ib profcopoj nmstm ib òfmb .<= li

bms mctovolmlis/" goiftrms qui if => mctovolmlis si prjluci uf mugiftj livibjcolml if ib rotgj

If øbtogj bukmr" if cumftj m mspictjs kifirmbis riìroljs mb losiýj li bmstmrhitms prisiftmlms if bms =; sisojfis jasirvmlms" ifcjftrmgjs qui bmsgosgms prisiftmf loìriftis losiýjs If tjlms bms sisojfis jasirvmlms bmstmrhitms cjftifçmf tixtj if ispmýjb pmrm qui ib mbugfj bj trmluhirm y ripotoirmm cjrj j oflovolumbgifti mb ofkbïs If bm gmyjrçm li bjs cmsjs .f7=1/ ib tixtjiscrotj if bms tmrhitms oam mcjgpmýmlj li loauhjs y if gifjs li bm gotml.f7;/ li bms jasirvmc ojfis rimbozmlms ib tixtj si mcjgpmýó li `jtjkrm`çms Ujr

jtrm pmrti" if 9 li bjs cmsjs si nmf ifcjftrmlj tmrhitms if bms qui si ofcbuçmf`rmsis if ofkbïs pmrm sir trmlucolms pjr pmrti li bjs mbugfjs mb ispmýjb y tmf

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1 3Fufcm

Cumflj si iquovjcmf

\mrhitms fuivms

Cumflj rispjflif cjrrictmgifti

Soigpri



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sjbj if ufm sisoóf si utobozmrjf pmbmarms*`rmsis if ispmýjb pmrm trmlucor mbofkbïs Bm tiflifcom kifirmb is ifcjftrmr tmrhitms cjf tixtj if ispmýjb y quimligís istíf obustrmlms gilomfti loauhjs if gmyjr gilolm qui pjr`jtjkrm`çms

Yfm viz prisiftmljs tjljs bjs lmtjs ricjpobmljs pmrm bm rimbozmcoóf li fuistrmofvistokmcoóf" is ib gjgiftj li mliftrmrsi if bms lo`iriftis cjfcbusojfismbcmfzmlms y if bms prjpuistms li gihjrm pbmtimlms pmrm suasmfmr mquibbjsmspictjs qui sjf susciptoabis li gihjrm



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CJFCBYSOJFIS _ UQJUYIS\MS LI GIHJQM

Ib iquopj ofvistokmljr" trms ib mfíbosos li bjs cuistojfmrojs y li bmsjasirvmcojfis rimbozmlms if bms mubms qui fjs nmf pirgotolj uf prjùfljcjfjcogoiftj lib gïtjlj" nm pjlolj istmabicir ufm siroi li cjfcbusojfisrispictj mb gosgj y loìriftis ricjgiflmcojfis pmrm bm gihjrm li ïsti quinmf li iftiflirsi cjgj sukirifcoms

Istms cjfcbusojfis y prjpuistms si nmf istructurmlj tifoiflj if cuiftm bjsjahitovjs qui si pbmftimrjf mb cjgoifzj li istm ofvistokmcoóf y bm fmturmbizmli bm of`jrgmcoóf qui si nm olj ricjpobmflj Umrm jrkmfozmr y prisiftmr bmscjfc busojfis li gmfirm qui si `mcoboti bm bicturm y cjgprifsoóf li bms gosgmsïstms si nmf jrkmfozmlj if tjrfj m tris krmflis mpmrtmljs8 ib gïtjlj @buifcyif kifirmb" bjs mkiftis ogpbocmljs y bjs ricursjs" gilojs y gmtirombis Ujr tjljbj mftirojr" if progir bukmr prjciligjs m liscroaor bjs mspictjs aísocjs y bmsricjgiflmcojfis li gihjrm sjari ib prjpoj gïtjlj @buifcy" nmcoifljriìrifcom m bm gitjljbjkçm" bms mctovolmlis qui si rimbozmf" bjs toigpjs li bmssisojfis" y ib trmamhj li prjìsjris y mbugfjs if ib gmrcj li istmgitjljbjkçm" itc…

Ujstirojrgifti si ricjkif bms cjfcbusojfis y prjpuistms li gihjrm riìrolms mbm jpofoóf li bjs usumrojs lib gïtjlj" tmb y cjgj si ispicoòcmam if ibjahitovj 1" qui istmabicçm bm ficisolml li cjfjcir bms vmbjrmcojfis li bjsmkiftis pmrtocopmftis

\mgaoïf if isti mpmrtmlj si litmbbmf bms cjfcbusojfis y prjpuistms li gihjrmif riìrifcom m bjs ricursjs li bjs qui lospjfif bjs ciftrjs @buifcy"



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cjfciftrífljfjs if bjs gmtirombis qui si trmamhmf if cbmsi y if cmsm y qui`jrgmf pmrti li bjs ricursjs pmrm ib mpriflozmhi" msç cjgj tmgaoïfmfmbozmgjs li `jrgm arivi bm lospjsocoóf y jrkmfozmcoóf li bms mubms

Ujr øbtogj si nmf litmbbmlj ufm siroi li gmtozmcojfis qui cjfsolirmgjs

ficismroj rimbozmr sjari bm pruiam li fovib mpbocmlm m bjs mbugfjs y ufmscjfsolirmcojfis m fovib kifirmb sjari bms prjpuistms li gihjrm pbmftimlms

SJAQI IB GÏ\JLJ @BYIFC _8

Ib gïtjlj @buifcy si nm oliftoòcmlj cjgj uf gïtjlj offjvmljr li bmifsiýmfzm lib olojgm y qui mligís nm ligjstrmlj su iòcmcom Mligís liibbj si nm puistj if ivolifcom uf mbtj krmlj li smtos`mccoóf if sus cboiftis '

tmftj bms `mgoboms cjgj bjs prjpojs mbugfjs' Is okumbgifti sokfoòcmtovj ibkrmlj li smtos`mccoóf y bm cjfvoccoóf qui ib prjìsjrmlj liguistrm if bjsvmbjris y bm iòcmcom lib gïtjlj

\mb y cjgj si cjftigpbó mb cjgoifzj li isti of`jrgi lurmfti ib lismrrjbbj libgmrcj tiórocj qui sustiftm bm ofvistokmcoóf" ib gïtjlj @buifcy 'qui si amsmùflmgiftmbgifti if bm ripitocoóf pmrm bm pjstirojr oftirojrozmcoóf y lismrrjbbjlib mpriflozmhi lib ofkbïs'" oftikrm mspictjs listmcmljs tmftj li gmfirmlorictm cjgj oflorictm li loìriftis gïtjljs if bm ifsiýmfzm lib ofkbïs Msç puis" trms tifir uf gmyjr cjfjcogoiftj lib gïtjlj lispuïs li bm ricjkolm

li of`jrgmcoóf bbivmlm m cmaj" pjligjs cjfcbuor qui if ib gïtjlj @buifcysi cjftigpbmf mbkufjs li bjs profcopojs prjpuistjs if bjs loìriftis gïtjljsli ifsiýmfzm lib ofkbïs" supirmflj ib gïtjlj krmgmtocmb y ciftrífljsi ifmspictjs listmcmljs li gïtjljs cjgj ib muloj jrmb" bïxocj" sotumcojfmb"loric tj" istructurj'kbjamb" cjgufotmroj y cjgufocmtovj Is ufm vçm rípolm y øtobpmrm mbcmfzmr buoliz viramb y lisifvjbvirsi c jf ïxotj if ufm bifkum loìriftim bm gmtirfm" ïxotj qui mugiftm bm gjtovmcoóf pjr mpriflir y bm cjfòmfzmlib mbugfj if sç gosgj y if sus pjsoaobolmlis Istj cjfluci m qui ufm tmrimqui tmftj isùirzj supjfi if ib sostigm ilucmtovj ispmýjb .qui sokui

ciftrmlj if ib gïtjlj krmgmtocmb/ si puilm lismrrjbbmr cjf gihjrisrisubtmljs if ib mbugfmlj m trmvïs lib usj li isti gïtjlj

Bjs cuistojfmrojs nmf oflocmlj uf guy mbtj krmlj li smtos`mccoóf tmftj li`mgoboms cjgj li mbugfjs cjf bm gitjljbjkçm lib mpriflozmhi lib ofkbïs y liokumb gjlj bjs prjìsjris listmcmf gucnms pjtifcombolmlis if ib gosgj Sofigamrkj" if istms cjfcbusojfis" mligís li litmbbmr tjljs istjs mspictjspjsotovjs ifcjftrmljs" si vmf m rimbozmr ricjgiflmcojfis li gihjrm libgïtjlj" li gmfirm qui isti gïtjlj 'qui ym lm risubtmljs ofcuistojfmabis yqui is smtos`mctjroj pmrm tjljs bjs mkiftis ogpbocmljs' puilm gihjrmr møf

gís" smbvmflj mbkufms cuistojfis ifcjftrmlms y cjgiftmlms ym if bjs lmtjsixpuistjs mftirojrgifti



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BM GI\JLJBJKÇM

Bm gitjljbjkçm qui si igpbim if bms cbmsis li @buifcy si cmrmctirozm pjr bmripitocoóf m cjrj" if bm qui ib prjìsjr si litoifi pmrm cjrrikor ufm gmbmprjfufcomcoóf y if bm qui bjs prjìsjris utobozmf ib ispmýjb y ib ofkbïs if sus

cbmsis" mufqui isti mspictj vmrçm sikøf ib fovib ym qui if bjs gís mbtjs ibofkbïs is cmso ib øfocj olojgm qui bjs prjìsjris utobozmf

Bm gmyjrçm li tmrhitms prjguivif bm ripitocoóf li of`jrgmcoóf qui nmfgigjrozmlj lib ispmýjb mb ofkbïs" sof igamrkj si nmf jasirvmlj mbkufmscbmsis if bms qui si nmci usj li bms tmrhitms fj øfocmgifti pmrm trmlucorvjcmaubmroj j `rmsis sofj tmgaoïf pmrm nmcir jtrms mctovolmlis cjgj cjfstruorjrmcojfis m giloj ibmajrmr j cjf nuicjs Isti topj li mctovolmlis sjf guyoftirismftis cjgj cjgpbigiftj m bms ripitocojfis ym qui prjguivif if ibmbugfj jtrj topj li mpriflozmhis qui cjgpbigiftmf m bjs mlquoroljs cjf bms

ripitocojfis y pjr tmftj sirçm oftirismfti qui si utobozmrmf gís Mligís liprjgjvir jtrj topj li mpriflozmhis" bm vmromcoóf if ib topj li mctovolmlmyulmrçm m pmbomr bm gjfjtjfçm y ib coirtj maurrogoiftj qui if jcmsojfis si nmlitictmlj if bms jasirvmcojfis y nmrçm qui ib mbugfj istuvoirm mbkj gísmctovj y pifloifti li bm rispuistm qui toifi qui lmr" mufqui sóbj sim pjr ibsogpbi nicnj li cmgaomr li mctovolml .gmftifoiflj bm istrmtikom quicmrmtirozm mb gïtjlj li trmamhj cjf tmrhitms/

Ib rotgj qui gmftoifif bjs prjìsjris cjf bms tmrhitms if bms lostoftmsmctovolmlis suibi sir uf rotgj giloj" fo guy rípolj fo guy biftj" y suibi

gmftifirsi m bj bmrkj li bm mctovolml" mufqui if coirtms jcmsojfis" cumfljbjs mbugfjs si `mgobomrozmf cjf bms tmrhitms" ib rotgj vm mugiftmlj Isogpjrtmfti listmcmr qui uf pjcj gís li bm gotml li bms mctovolmlis lurmrjfiftri 0 y =5 gofutjs" istmflj bm gilom iftri locnj toigpj Ujcj gís li uftircoj" pjr ib cjftrmroj" lurj j iftri = y 9 gofutjs j iftri == y =9" soiflj guypjcms bms jcmsojfis if bms qui bms mctovolmlis lurmrjf gís li =9 gofutjs

If bm gmyjrçm li bjs cmsjs" ib jrlif li bm sisoóf li cbmsi si rimbozm lib gosgjgjlj" ym qui utobozm uf prjcisj cçcbocj ljfli bjs prjìsjris progirj utobozmf bmstmrhitms cjf bjs mbugfjs li gmfirm krupmb y" cumflj ïstjs pmrici qui ym bms

ljgofmf" pmsm m ufm istrmtikom oflovolumb ljfli cmlm mbugfj toifi quirispjflir mb istçgubj li ufm tmrhitm Yfm gihjr pbmfoòcmcoóf li bjs toigpjslilocmljs m cmlm mctovolml y sir cjfscoiftis li bms nmaobolmlis qui ibmbugfj istí trmamhmflj if cmlm ufm li istms sotumcojfis li mpriflozmhipuili myulmr m gihjrmr bm iìc tovolml li bms gosgms y m ivotmr bm gjfjtjfçm ypmsovolml li bjs mbugfjs

If istm bçfim y tmgaoïf pmrm `jgiftmr bm gihjrm li bm ribmcoóf iftri ibmbugfmlj" prjpjfigjs ib pbmftimgoiftj li mctovolmlis cjf jtrm istructurmjrkmfozmtovm" cjgj pjr ihigpbj bm pjsoaobolml li lovolor bm cbmsi if ljs j triskrupjs li mbugfjs .if ùfcoóf lib føgirj/ j pjr pmrihms y pbmftimr bmripitocoóf m cjrj liftrj li istjs krupjs*pmrihms" li gmfirm qui bjs



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goigarjs li cmlm krupj prjcurmrçmf myulmrsi iftri sç pmrm cjfsikuor puftjsj cumbquoir ricjgpifsm 'j sogpbigifti pjr bm smtos`mccoóf li rispjflircjrrictmgifti' So uf krupj fj cjfjci bm rispuistm" ïsti pjlrçm licolor m quïjtrj krupj pilor myulm y ripmrtor isi puftj .if cmsj li qui si lif/ iftri bjsljs Sirçm pjr tmftj ufm sukirifcom m cjfsolirmr" bm pjsoaobolml li mbtirfmr bmsripitocojfis m cjrj liftrj lib krupj cbmsi cjf bms ripitocojfis oflovolumbis

Isti topj li tmrims if piquiýjs krupjs fj ficismromgifti ixoki qui simfistmabis" sofj qui pmrm `jgiftmr y gihjrmr bms ribmcojfis sirçm gís oftirismftiqui ùirmf rjtmflj y cmgaomflj cjf c oirtm ricuifcom Isti topj li mctovolmlpjlrçm rimbozmrsi li gjlj puftumb" puis iftifligjs qui bm oftirmccoóf cjfib prjìsjr is gís iòcmz qui bm oftirmccoóf cjf bjs okumbis" pirj istm øbtogm fjliai sir liscmrtmlm cjgj gitjljbjkçm li trmamhj" ispicombgifti so if bmsmubms cjftmgjs cjf uf krupj njgjkïfij if cumftj m su fovib" cjgj suibisir ib cmsj if bms mubms li @buifcy

Mligís si nm jasirvmlj qui bm mctovolml li cjfvirsmcoóf is if bm øfocm ifbm qui profcopmbgifti ib prjìsjrmlj fj utobozm ricursjs Cjfsolirmgjs quipjlrçm sir oftirismfti bm ofcjrpjrmcoóf li mbkøf ricursj qui pjr uf bmlj"liaolj m qui bm mctovolml suibi rimbozmrsi mb òfmb li bm cbmsi" sorvoirm liistogubj y gjtovmcoóf mb mbugfj qui fjrgmbgifti poirli mtifcoóf cumflj simcircm ib òfmb li bm mctovolml y" pjr jtrj bmlj" `mcobotmrm ib mpriflozmhi j bmòhmcoóf li c jftifoljs Fj jbvoligjs qui bjs ricursjs vosumbis puilif supjfiruf ogpjrtmfti istçgubj pmrm uf mpriflozmhi gís iìctovj

Ib ìilamcd j`ricolj pjr ib prjìsjrmlj istí amstmfti prisifti if bm gmyjrçmli bjs cmsjs jasirvmljs pirj bj gís oftirismfti is vir cógj istm rispuistmpjr pmrti lib prjìsjrmlj si lm if bjs cmsjs if bjs qui bjs mbugfjs siiquovjcmf pmrm pjlir cjrrikorbjs" pirj tmgaoïf si lm li gmfirm kifirmbcumflj ib mbugfj cjftistm cjrrictmgifti Cumflj bjs mbugfjs si iquovjcmfli gmfirm krupmb fj nmy uf gïtjlj li cjrriccoóf li isti topj li irrjrisistmflmrozmlj j" so bj nmy" fj is mpbocmlj pjr bjs prjìsjris li gmfirmufo`jrgi" ym qui if ufjs cmsjs cjrrokif ib irrjr y fj cjftofømf nmstm quitjljs bjs locif cjrrictmgifti y sof igamrkj" if jtrjs cmsjs ib prjìsjr

cjftoføm sof oftirrupc ojfisIf ribmcoóf cjf bm cjrriccoóf li irrjris m fovib krupmb is ogpjrtmfti listmcmrbm nmaobolml jasirvmlm if ib prjìsjrmlj pmrm litictmr bjs gosgjs" ym qui fjsuibif sir irrjris li tjljs bjs mbugfjs m bm viz" sofj qui bjs prjìsjris suibifsir cmpmcis li loscrogofmr cumflj ufj j vmrojs mbugfjs si iquovjcmf iftri bmgubtotul Qipitor bm pmbmarm irrófim li gmfirm kifirmb .mufqui fj si nmkmsoigpri lib gosgj gjlj/ is guy oftirismfti pjrqui pjr ufm pmrti" fj sipjfi if ivolifcom mb mbugfj qui si nm iquovjcmlj y pjr jtrm pmrti" ib ristjli mbugfjs mòmfzm bj mpriflolj y fj is mrrmstrmlj pjr bjs irrjris li sus

cjgpmýirjs Yfm jpcoóf utobozmlm pjr ib prjìsjrmlj pirj" if gifjr gilolm "



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pmrm cjrrikor bjs irrjris is gjstrmr ib rivirsj li bm tmrhitm pmrm qui ib mbugfjvim cógj is ixmc tmgifti

M pismr li qui nigjs jasirvmlj qui ib prjìsjrmlj j`rici ìilamcd mftibjs irrjris li bjs mbugfjs" isi ìilamcd fj is tmf cbmrj cumflj nm li

prjlucorsi mfti ufm ligmflm li ïstjs ym qui if gucnms jcmsojfis bjsprjìsjris fj risuibvif lulms nmstm qui fj si tirgofm ufm rjflm li tmrhitmsYfm ricjgiflmcoóf m tifir if cuiftm" pjr bm ogpjrtmfcom li bm gosgm" isqui si risuibvmf bms lulms if cumftj ib mbugfmlj bj ficisoti ym qui so ïstifj si mcbmrm ligmsomlj y fj is cjfscoifti li bj qui istí ripotoiflj .ifjcmsojfis ripotif pjr bj qui vmf iftifloiflj qui locif bjs ligís/ ism rjflmli tmrhitms bbivmlm m cmaj fj tiflrí gucnj siftolj pmrm ib mbugfj qui nmpmrtocopmlj if ibbm tifoiflj lulms qui fj nmf solj mc bmrmlms

If cmsj li qui si licolm fj pirgotor mb mbugfj bm oftirvifcoóf lurmfti bm

rjflm li tmrhitms" liairçm lmrsi bm jpcoóf li qui ïsti mfjtmrm if uf pmpib.pmrm bj qui sirçm oftirismfti tifir armzjs if bms sobbms/ bm pmbmarm cjf bm quitoifi lulms li gmfirm qui" cumflj tirgofi bm rjflm" bm puilm pbmftimr"pmrm bj qui sirçm mcjfsihmabi ufm viz mcbmrmlm bm lulm bm rimbozmcoóf li ufmrjflm gís Ofcbusj si puili pbmftimr" if cmsj li qui si nmkm mb mbugfjispirmr mb òfmb li bm rjflm" qui cumflj ïsti prikufti bms cuistojfis sjarilitirgofmlms pmbmarms j `rmsis" ixpboqui cuíb cjfsolirm qui puili sir bmrispuistm .pjr bj qui nm jçlj lurmfti bm rjflm li tmrhitms/ y qui sim jtrjcjgpmýirj li gmfirm vjbuftmrom ib qui bi risuibvm bm lulm" li isti gjlj si

`jgiftm bm ribmcoóf iftri istjs y si `jgiftm ib cjgpmýirosgjs if ufm tmrimfj cjgpitotovm

Istm jpcoóf liairí quilmr cbmrm mb cjgoifzj" is licor" so si vm m pirgotor ibpbmftimgoiftj li lulms lurmfti bms rjflms j fj" pmrm qui ib mbugfj tifkmcbmrj so puili prikuftmr j so liai mfjtmr bms lulms pmrm pbmftimrbms mb òfmb

\ifoiflj cbmrm istm pmutm" ib lismrrjbbj lib trmamhj cjf tmrhitms sirí gís`buolj" puistj qui fj si virí oftirrugpolj pjr prikuftms li bjs mbugfjs j ifcmsj li qui si oftirrugpm bms lulms siríf risuibtms mb gjgiftj Ib profcopmbprjabigm is qui if gucnjs cmsjs bjs mbugfjs prikuftmf lurmfti bm mctovolml

pirj bm lulm fj si risuibvi nmstm ib ofmb" pjr bj qui oftirrugpif bm c bmsi y fjjatoifif rispuistm Iftifligjs pjr tmftj qui" lihmflj cbmrms bms pmutms mbcjgoifzj" ib risubtmlj sirí gís iìc tovj pmrm tjljs y bm c bmsi gucnj gís íkob

UQJ@ISJQIS _ MBYGFJS IF QIBMC OÓF MB GÏ\JLJ @BYIFC _

Gucnjs li bjs cmgaojs y ricjgiflmcojfis pbmftimlms if isti mpmrtmlj libof`jrgi riquoirif pjr pmrti lib prjìsjrmlj ufm gihjrm if su `jrgmcoófpilmkókocm pmrm pjlir mpbocmr fuivms gitjljbjkçms ljciftis lorokolms fjtmftj m cjfjcir y smair mpbocmr ib gïtjlj li @buifcy" sofj m mlquoror

cjfjcogoiftjs sjari gïtjljs lolíctocjs qui pirgotmf gihjrmr ib prjcisj liifsiýmfzm'mpriflozmhi qui si rimbozm if bms mubms li @buifcy



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Gucnjs li bjs ljciftis sjf fmtovjs y lismrrjbbmf sus cbmsis cjf ixtrmjrlofmromnmaobolml bofkòçstocm" pirj sç qui si nm litictmlj qui ufm mlicumlm`jrgmcoóf pilmkókocm bis myulmrçm m lismrrjbbmr gihjr sus cbmsis y li ufmgmfirm gís iìctovm Ujr ihigpbj" si nm jasirvmlj qui sjf pjcjs bjsljciftis qui lilocmf uf toigpj m crimr uf auif cbogm if ib mubm mftis liigpizmr" mligís li qui guy pjcjs prjìsjris oftiftmf cjfjcir cuíbis sjfbjs cjfjcogoiftjs privojs qui toifif sus mbugfjs sjari bj qui vmf m vir Sitrmtm li uf mspictj qui si puili gihjrmr" pjr ihigpbj" trmamhmflj cjf ibprjìsjrmlj if bm pbmfoòcmcoóf li bjs toigpjs li bm sisoóf y iftifloifljcógj ùfcojfm ib prjcisj li ifsiýmfzm'mpriflozmhi Mligís liaifcjgpriflir qui ufm mctovolml oftrjluctjrom nm li sir fj sóbj ufm mctovolmlli mpriflozmhi" sofj ufm mctovolml qui sorvm pmrm prjgjvir ufm mctotulpjsotovm y uf cbogm li cbmsi qui `mvjrizcm su auif lismrrrjbbj lurmfti tjlj ibtoigpj qui ïstm luri

\mgaoïf si nm jasirvmlj qui sóbj mbkufjs prjìsjris utobozmf li `jrgmiìctovm bjs toigpjs iftri mctovolmlis" bj cumb riluflm pjsotovmgifti tmftjlisli ib puftj li vostm lib gmftifogoiftj li bm mtifcoóf li bjs mbugfjscjgj lisli ib puftj li vostm li mprjvicnmgoiftj pmrm ri`jrzmr mpriflozmhis

Istm `jrgmcoóf pilmkókocm lib prjìsjrmlj puili istmr m cmrkj ofcbusj lijtrjs cjgpmýirjs gilomfti bm puistm if príctocm li krupjs li trmamhj if bjsqui si cjgpmrtmf iftri bjs ljciftis istrmtikoms y tïcfocms qui sucjfjcogoiftj y sjari tjlj bm prjpom ixpiroifcom cjf ib gïtjlj bis nm olj

mpjrtmflj Sirí profcopmbgifti cjgpmrtor cjf jtrjs bm ixpiroifcom ljcifti ybms istrmtikoms ixotjsms4 y mufqui ib gïtjlj is cbmrj if su mpbocmcoóf" soigprinmy istrmtikoms qui pjlir oftrjlucor sof smbtmrsi bjs profcopojs ùflmgiftmbisli ïsti

Bm gitjljbjkçm cjf tmrhitms ligmflm bm rispuistm li bjs mbugfjs" pjr bj quiis ùflmgiftmb qui ïstjs pristif mtifcoóf pmrm ib auif ùfcojfmgoiftj libms cbmsis Qispictj m bm mctotul gjstrmlm pjr ib mbugfmlj" bms jasirvmc ojfisy bjs cuistojfmrojs fjs guistrmf qui ïstjs" li gmfirm kifirmb" istífgjtovmljs y mtiftjs lurmfti bms mctovolmlis rimbozmlms .sof liscmrtmr mbkufm

jasirvmcoóf qui ricjki m bkufjs gjgiftjs li cmfsmfcoj j lostrmccoóf" pirjrimbgifti lisli uf puftj li vostm cumftotmtovj nmf solj iscmsms/ M pismr libj mftirojr" si nm jasirvmlj qui if bms jcmsojfis if qui bjs mbugfjs istífcmfsmljs" si guistrmf uf pjcj pmsovjs y lisgjtovmljs" sjaritjlj cjf`jrgimvmfzm bm sisoóf" pjr bj qui sirçm oftirismfti cjgaofmr if gmyjr gilolm bmutobozmcoóf li bms tmrhitms cjf jtrj topj li tmrims if bms si sokm riquoroiflj bmrispuistm li bjs mbugfjs .li gmfirm qui si sokm gmftifoiflj bm mtifcoóf ygjtovmcoóf/ pirj qui si `jgifti ufm gmyjr mctovolml pjr pmrti li ïstjs yricupirif su krmlj li cjfciftrmcoóf

Jtrj mspictj qui si pjlrçm cjfsolirmr is ib olojgm cjf ib cumb si lismrrjbbm bmcbmsi" puis if gucnms sisojfis ib olojgm profcopmb is ib ispmýjb"



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profcopmbgifti cumflj ib ljcifti fj is fmtovj y if fovibis gís amhjs Sirçmoftirismfti qui ib prjìsjr cjgifzmrm if mbkufjs cmsjs m nmabmr cjf bjsmbugfjs if ofkbïs" pjr ihigpbj cjf ixprisojfis cjgufis cjgj bjs smbuljs" bmslispilolms" cumflj bbmgm bm mtifcoóf" cumflj poli bjs liairis" Istmsixprisojfis qui si iscucnmf cjf `ricuifcom tirgofmf pjr sir oftirojrozmlmspjr ib mbugfj y bj mpriflolj vm gís mbbí li bj qui si nm pbmfo ocmlj

SJAQI BJS MKIF\IS OGUBOCMLJS8

\mb y cjgj si istmabicçm if ib sikuflj jahitovj li istm ofvistokmcoóf" sijatuvj of`jrgmcoóf sjari bm smtos`mccoóf if kifirmb cjf ib gïtjlj tmftj li

prjìsjris" mbugfjs y `mgoboms li gmfirm qui istm of`jrgmcoóf fjs myulmrm.huftj cjf jtrjs ofstrugiftjs utobozmljs y ym liscrotjs m bj bmrkj li isti of`jrgi/m tifir ufm olim bj gís circmfm pjsoabi m bm rimbolml m ivmbumr vostm lisli bmpirspictovm li bjs cboiftis y lib pirsjfmb ljc ifti

BM JUOFOÓF LI BJS UQJ@ISJQIS

Bjs lmtjs ricjpobmljs sjari ib prjìsjrmlj fjs nmf myulmlj m istmabicir ufpiròb lib prjìsjr li @buifcy qui si cmrmctirozm pjr sir hjvif" cjf `jrgmcoófprogjrlombgifti ufovirsotmrom y qui if su krmf gmyjrçm sjf fmtovjs

Cjfhuftmgifti" sjf prjìsjris cjf ufm mlicumlm ixpiroifcom lmflj cbmsili ofkbïs" mufqui fj tmftj lmflj cbmsi cjf ib gïtjlj @buifcy mufqui nmfricoaolj `jrgmcoóf pmrm su lisigpiýj qui ibbjs gosgj nmf vmbjrmlj cjgjsuòcoifti Is listmcmabi li `jrgm pjsotovm qui ib prjìsjrmlj si cjjrlofipmrm cjfsifsumr msuftjs sjari gitjljbjkçm j pmrm oftircmgaomr olims sjaribm ifsiýmfzm" mufqui isti mspictj fj si gmfoòistm li `jrgm kifirmbozmlmif bm ifcuistm y criigjs qui pjlrçm sir uf vmbjr m cjfsolirmr if bjs prjcisjsli gihjrm y li `jrgmcoóf pirgmfifti lib prjìsjrmlj

Bjs prjìsjris vmbjrmrjf cjf auifm puftumcoóf tjljs bjs mspictjs qui bis

ixpusogjs if ib cuistojfmroj \mb is ib cmsj qui ib ibigiftj pijr vmbjrmljricoai ufm puftumc oóf cmso li fjtmabi If cumftj m bjs ibigiftjs li ïxotj libm mcmligom y lib gïtjlj" bjs prjìsjris listmcmf vmrojs mspictjsUrogjrlombgifti listmcmf bm ripitocoóf cjgj ufj li isjs ibigiftjs li ïxotjy qui ib gïtjlj is tjtmbgifti jrmb Istmabicif ufm siroi li mlhitovjs mbgïtjlj mòrgmflj qui istí guy aoif istructurmlj y qui is guy lofígocj"ispicombgifti listmcmf bm `jrgm qui toifi li ifsiýmr tmftj bm krmgítocmcjgj ib vjcmaubmroj gilomfti bms tmrhitms" ym qui bj nmci li `jrgm sogpbi"lorictm" cbmrm y if piquiýjs trjzjs Mligís" if`mtozmf if ib nicnj li qui ib

gïtjlj gihjrm gucnj bm prjfufcomcoóf qui is `ícob li ifsiýmr y cógjlj mbm njrm li pripmrmr ufm cbmsi If ribmcoóf m bjs mbugfjs criif qui ib gïtjlj



=9<

li @buifcy nmci qui bjs mbugfjs mpriflmf rípolj" `ícob y cjgj so istuvoirmf hukmflj \mgaoïf ricmbcmf ib nicnj li qui bjs mbugfjs sjf pjcjs pjr cbmsiLi bm mcmligom cjgj mbkj kbjamb suarmymf cjgj ibigiftj li ïxotj bmjrkmfozmc oóf li bm gosgm

Is listmcmabi iftri bms vmbjrmcojfis rimbozmlms qui" m pismr li sir if sugmyjrçm guy pjsotovms" ixostif mbkufjs ibigiftjs qui nmf solj pijr vmbjrmljsy criigjs qui liaif sir jahitj li ri`bixoóf" cjgj sjf8

• bm ribmc oóf lib prjìsjrmlj cjf bjs pmlris"• bm utobozmc oóf li bjs boarjs cjgj myulm pmrm ib mpriflozmhi"• ib usj lib ofkbïs iscrotj"• bm rimbozmcoóf li bms tmrims pmrm cmsm pjr pmrti li bjs mbugfjs"• bm iscmsm ribmcoóf li bm cjfvirsmcoóf puistm if príctocm cjf bms

cuistojfis trmamhmlms lurmfti bm sisoóf"• bm ogpjsoaobolml li ripitor li fovib y• ib pjcj gmrkif li boairtml qui if jcmsojfis ib prjìsjrmlj toifi pmrm

mctumr

Cjgj prjpuistm li gihjrm pmrm mquibbms cuistojfis qui nmf solj puistms ligmfoòistj pjr ib prjìsjrmlj" ifcjftrmgjs if progir bukmr y if bj quirispictm m bm ribmcoóf cjf bms `mgoboms bm pjsoaobolml li rimbozmr riufojfistrogistrmbis cjf bjs pmlris li gmfirm qui si bis of`jrgi sjari bjs mvmfcis lisus nohjs rispictj mb sirvocoj qui ibbjs istíf pmkmflj

Mligís li bj mftirojr y if ribmcoóf cjf bm liaobolml litictmlm sjari bjsliairis pmrm cmsm" is ogpjrtmfti qui si ligmfli pjr pmrti li bjs pmlrisufm gmyjr pmrtocopmcoóf if bj riìrolj mb cjftrjb li bms tmrims li @buifcy lisu nohj pmrm cmsm prjcurmflj qui sus nohjs iftoiflmf qui sjf tmf ogpjrtmftiscjgj bms lib cjbikoj Uuistj qui ib gïtjlj fj pirgoti bm iscroturm lurmfti bmssisojfis prisifcombis" bms tmrims li cmsm sjf ib øfocj gicmfosgj gilomfti ibqui ib mbugfj trmamhm bm iscroturm soiflj pjr tmftj li krmf ogpjrtmfcomvmbjrmr if gmyjr gilolm ib trmamhj li cmsm .lmflj li isi gjlj m bjs boarjsli mpjyj bm utobolml qui toifif/ Sirçm guy ricjgiflmabi m isti rispictjcjgifzmr bms cbmsis cjf ufm gifcoóf ixpbçcotm m bms tmrims rimbozmlms y

cjgifzmr trmamhmflj tmrhitms qui tifkmf ribmc oóf cjf bms tmrims rimbozmlms

Ujr jtrm pmrti" ib iscmsj gmrkif li boairtml gmfoìstmlj pjr ib prjìsjrmljpuili istmr if ribmcoóf cjf bm lo ocubtml qui m vicis ifcuiftrmf pmrm qui bjsmbugfjs ribmcojfif bjs cjftifoljs qui nmf vostj if bms tmrhitms cjf bmmctovolml li cjfvirsmcoóf Si prjpjfi m isti rispictj qui lipiflm libcrotiroj y jpofoóf li bjs prjìsjris .qui toifif ufm mgpbom `jrgmcoóf ifcumftj mb gïtjlj y m bm bifkum ofkbism/ bm ibmajrmcoóf y puistm if príctocmli bm tmrim li cjfvirsmc oóf Pjbvoiflj m bj pbmftimlj if ib mpmrtmlj mftirojrcumflj si nmcçm mbusoóf m prjìsjris y mbugfjs if ribmc oóf m su trmamhj cjf ib

gïtjlj @buifcy" ufm gmyjr `jrgmcoóf pilmkókocm qui myuli m bjsprjìsjris m offjvmr j cmgaomr mbkufms cuistojfis liftrj li bjs gírkifis lib



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gïtjlj sirçm ficismrom y mcjfsihmabi li cmrm m smbvmr istms loòcubtmlis Nmsolj ufm ivolifcom qui bjs mbugfjs guistrmf loòcubtmlis pmrm mpbocmr bj quinmf trmamhmlj if cbmsi" pjsoabigifti liaolj m bm rokoliz li mpbocmcoóf libgïtjlj if mbkufjs mspictjs y m bm `mbtm li cmpmc olml li mctumcoóf qui bjsprjìsjris nmf gmfoìstmlj

Ujr øbtogj si prjpjfi qui" pmrm pmbomr ib ofcjfvifoifti litictmlj pjr ibprjìsjrmlj if cumftj m bm ogpjsoaobolml li ripitor fovib li bjs mbugfjs"pjlrçm cjfsolirmrsi bm crimcoóf li bj qui pjlrçmgjs lifjgofmr uf krupj‒oftirgiloj‗" uf krupj `jrgmlj cjf tjljs bjs mbugfjs qui nmf olj mbkj gísmtrmsmljs y if ib qui si oftrjluzcmf ibigiftjs li mpriflozmhi fuivjs pirjqui m bm pmr si sokmf mòmfzmflj bjs mftirojris Fj sjgjs cjfscoiftis li nmstmquï puftj istm cuistoóf is `mctoabi lisli ib puftj li vostm jrkmfozmtovj yiftifligjs qui bjs pmlris quoirif qui sus nohjs puilmf or mcmamflj bjsfovibis li `jrgm cjfsicutovm" pirj ufm gmyjr ogpbocmcoóf li bjs pmlris if bmvolm li bm mcmligom tmgaoïf bis myulmrçm m iftiflir qui if jcmsojfis bjgís mcirtmlj is qui ïstjs vuibvmf m rimbozmr ib gosgj fovib Bms `mgobomsliairíf iftiflir qui fj tjljs bjs mbugfjs pmrtif lib gosgj lismrrjbbjgmlurmtovj i oftibictumb y pjr tmftj mbkufjs puilif ficisotmr mbkufms cbmsisgís pmrm mòmfzmr cjfjcogoiftjs

BM JUOFOÓF LI BM @MGOBOM _ IB MBYGFMLJ 8

Ib mfíbosos liscroptovj li bjs cuistojfmrojs qui si nmf pmsmlj m bms `mgoboms ymbugfjs fjs guistrm ufjs mbtçsogjs fovibis li smtos`mccoóf tmftj pjr pmrti libjs mbugfjs cjgj pjr pmrti li bms `mgoboms

If bj qui rispictm m bm `mgobom" bm liscropcoóf li bm guistrm prjluctjrm lilmtjs fjs guistrm ufm `mgobom if bm cumb bjs pmlris fj soigpri ljgofmf ibofkbïs" mufqui if su gmyjrçm toifif coirtj cjfjcogoiftj lib olojgm Uirjsjari tjlj pjsiif gucnj oftirïs if qui sus nohjs bj mpriflmf Is gís" si nmifcjftrmlj qui ib mbugfmlj cjf `ricuifcom nmabm if ofkbïs cjf mbkuoif lisu `mgobom .if gmyjr gilolm ib mbugfmlj li progmrom qui li sicuflmrom/ yqui ïstjs mculif m bm mcmligom pjr ib oftirïs li sus pmlris Bjs pmlris

licbmrmf istmr guy cjftiftjs cjf bm mcmligom if kifirmb" cjf bjs risubtmljsqui sus nohjs nmf jatifolj if ib cjbikoj krmcoms m bm mcmligom y quiprofcopmbgifti nmf licololj qui sus nohjs msostmf m istm pjr bm auifm `mgmqui toifi" pirj qui ivoliftigifti mligís li istm `mgm bjs mbugfjscjftofømf if mýjs pjstirojris pjr su smtos`mccoóf cjf bm gosgm

If bj qui rispictm m bjs mbugfjs bm smtos`mccoóf tmgaoïf is amstmfti ibivmlmM bm gmyjrçm li bjs mbugfjs li @buifcy bis kustm istulomr ofkbïs if bmmcmligom" cjfsolirmf qui bis vm guy aoif y mligís mòrgmf qui bis risubtm`ícob ib mpriflozmhi li isti olojgm Istj ripircuti lorictmgifti if bm gihjrm

li bm cjgpitifcom bofkòçstocm y if ib riflogoiftj mcmlïgocj lib ofkbïs if ibcjbikoj" puistj qui locif qui su fovib nm gihjrmlj y if cjfsicuifcom sus



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cmboòcmcojfis \ifoiflj if cuiftm bjs risubtmljs jatifoljs is ivolifti qui ibkrmlj li smtos`mccoóf lib mbugfmlj li progmrom prisiftm mbtçsogjs fovibis"istíf cjftiftjs cjf bm bmajr lisigpiýmlm pjr sus prjìsjris" bis kustm msostorm bms cbmsis y bj qui is gís sokfoòcmtovj" bm krmf gmyjrçm lisim cjftofumr if@buifcy ib próxogj mýj

If tjljs bjs krupjs is gmyjrotmroj ib ricjfjcogoiftj li su gihjrçm if sucjgpitifcom bofkòçstocm ofkbism mculoiflj m @buifcy" pirj so cjgpmrmgjs iblmtj jatifolj cumflj bis prikuftmgjs pjr su gihjrçm if bms cmboòcmcojfisiscjbmris li istm gmtirom bjs mbugfjs li progmrom prisiftmf uf >?) goiftrmsqui bjs li sicuflmrom sjf uf ;>)" lmtj qui m pismr li sir mbkj gís amhj fjlihm li sir mbtmgifti smtos mctjroj

If ribmcoóf cjf ib prjìsjrmlj" tmftj pmlris cjgj mbugfjs cjofcolif ifsiýmbmr qui ïsti bis kustm gucnj Bjs mbtjs pjrciftmhis jatifoljs mb rispictj

fjs oflocmf qui ib prjìsjrmlj rimbgifti istí guy aoif vmbjrmlj ycjfsolirmlj pjr tjljs bjs cboiftis

Yf lmtj qui fjs pmrici okumbgifti oftirismfti cjf ribmcoóf mb gïtjlj li@buifcy is ib ribmtovj m bms ribmcojfis iftri mbugfjs y m bm ogpjrtmfcomjtjrkmlm m bm cjgpitotovolml" qui fj is tmf mbtm if bjs mbugfjs lisicuflmrom cjgj li progmrom Goiftrms uf ;9) li bjs mbugfjs li progmrom sç ricjfjci qui si prijcupmf pjr jatifir gihjris cmboòcmcojfis qui ib ristjli cjgpmýirjs y uf ;=) licbmrm qui bis kustm smair quoïf is ib gihjrmbugfj" if sicuflmrom si guistrmf gifjs cjgpitotovjs puis sóbj uf <;) li

bjs mbugfjs licbmrmf su oftirïs pjr smcmr gihjris fjtms qui jtrjs y uf >=)cjfòismf su lisoftirïs pjr cjfjcir quoïf is ib gihjr mbugfj Is ogpjrtmftitifir if cuiftm isti lmtj li cmrm m qui rilufli if ufm gifjr utobozmcoóf libm cjgpitotovolml cjf ib mbugfmlj gmyjr" auscmflj if isti cmsj jtrjsofciftovjs qui puilmf sir gís oftirismftis pmrm bjs mbugfjs

If ribmcoóf m bms tmrims li cmsm" bjs lmtjs cjofcolif cjf bjs j`ricoljs pjr ibprjìsjrmlj" ym qui bjs mbugfjs licbmrmf maoirtmgifti qui fj bjs rimbozmfmufqui isti pjrciftmhi is gifjr if bjs li sicuflmrom qui bjs li progmrom Isricjgiflmabi m isti rispictj qui bjs mbugfjs si cjfcoifcoif li bm

ogpjrtmfcom li istms tmrims" ym qui fj nmf tifolj prjabigm if licbmrmrmaoirtmgifti qui fj bms rimbozmf 'pjr bj qui si liluci qui fj jtjrkmf mïstms ib vmbjr y siroilml cjf bm qui m`rjftmf bms tmrims iscjbmris'

Li `jrgm kifirmb" cjgj licogjs" bjs pjrciftmhis li smtos`mccoóf risubtmf sirmasjbutmgifti pjsotovjs if tjljs bjs krupjs li suhitjs ifcuistmljs y cjflmtjs mbtçsogjs" fj ifcjftrmflj if bms jpofojfis j`ricolms cuistojfiscjfsolirmabis pmrm sir gihjrmlms y gjloòcmlms smbvj if bj riìrolj m bmstmrims li cmsm .ym cjgiftmlm if jtrjs mpmrtmljs/ y m bjs ofciftovjs j`ricoljsm bjs mbugfjs li sicuflmrom



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QIC YQSJS _ GM\IQOMBIS8

Li mcuirlj cjf bm vmbjrmcoóf igotolm li bjs ricursjs y gmtirombis ivmbumljs"prisiftmgjs bms cjfcbusojfis mbcmfzmlms y ufm siroi li ricjgiflmcojfis y

sukirifcoms qui cjfsolirmgjs cjftroauorí m bm gihjrm li istjs mspictjs

GJAOBOMQOJ8

Bm of`jrgmcoóf riìrolm mb gjaobomroj si nm jatifolj gilomfti bmsjasirvmcojfis rimbozmlms Bms cbmsis istíf cjgpuistms ùflmgiftmbgifti liufm gism" sobbms" pozmrrm y loìriftis ibigiftjs licjrmtovjs

Cjgifzmgjs listmcmflj qui si nm jasirvmlj qui if bm gmyjrçm li bjscmsjs" if bj qui rispictm bm gism" ïstm si nm lihmlj if uf rofcóf" pjr bj quifj nm solj príctocmgifti utobozmlm gís qui cjgj mpjyj li bms tmrhitmsIfcjftrmgjs pjr tmftj qui bm gism sirçm uf ibigiftj officismroj qui pjlrçmlihmr gís ispmcoj liftrj li cbmsi soiflj oftirismfti cmgaomr bms sobbms pjrsobbms cjf armzj pmrm qui si puilm iscroaor 'if mbkufjs cmsjs if bjs qui si nmjasirvmlj qui sç pjlrçm sir ficismroj'

Mligís li bj mftirojr bm licjrmcoóf li bms cbmsis pjlrçm istmr mbkj gíspirsjfmbozmlm y ri`bihmr if mbkufjs gjgiftjs ib trmamhj qui bjs mbugfjspjlrçmf rimbozmr" loauhmr y iscroaor bm pmbmarm if ofkbïs .cjgj mpmrici if bmstmrhitms pirj nicnj pjr ibbjs" sjari tjlj bjs gís piquiýjs pjr bj qui tmgaoïfprmctocmrçmf bm iscroturm/ y pjfir mbkufjs if ib mubm" ym qui if bms cbmsis cjfbjs mbugfjs gís piquiýjs bms mubms sjf ligmsomlj siroms ' sjf bms gosgms quiif jtrjs njrmrojs si usmf cjf bjs mlubtjs'

Bj olimb sirçm lihmr ufms mubms cjf uf topj li gjaobomroj pmrm `jgiftmr yprjpocomr uf topj li trmamhjs8 loauhmr" iscroaor" cmgaomr bms sobbms li sotoj" usmr jfj bm pozmrrm…y qui cmlm prjìsjr puilm usmr cmlm lçm ib mubm qui gihjr simlmpti m bm tmrim qui vm m nmcir Iftifligjs qui istj riquoiri ufmpbmfoòcmcoóf lib prjìsjrmlj cjf amstmfti mftibmcoóf y qui if jcmsojfispuili lirovmr if prjabigms jrkmfozmtovjs pirj sirçm ficismroj qui bm

istructurm y jrkmfozmcoóf li bms cbmsis si mlmptmrm .soigpri y cumflj simpjsoabi/ m bms mctovolmlis qui si pritiflif rimbozmr y fj mb cjftrmroj

Jtrj mspictj m cjfsolirmr if ib ùturj pjlrçm sir bm ofcjrpjrmcoóf li gilojslokotmbis pmrm bm prjyiccoóf li ricursjs mulojvosumbis qui pjlrçmf risubtmr tmfiìctovjs cjgj bms tmrhitms" pirj gís lofígocjs y gjtovmljris pmrm ibmbugfmlj

\MQH I\MS8

Bms tmrhitms sjf ufj li bjs cjgpjfiftis uflmgiftmbis lib trmamhj liftrj lib

gïtjlj @buifcy Bjs prjìsjris utobozmf tmcjs li tmrhitms qui vmf mkrupmlmsif loìriftis cmftolmlis y if bms qui if jcmsojfis istíf gizcbmlms tmrhitms



=9>

qui bjs mbugfjs ym cjfjcif cjf tmrhitms fuivms Sirçm ricjgiflmabi qui ibprjìsjrmlj puloirm rijrkmfozmr cumflj bj cjfsoliri ficismroj ib cjftifoljli bjs pmquitis li tmrhitms li gmfirm qui if`jqui su cbmsi mb trmamhj li uftigm j ígaotj sjari ib qui prjùflozmr pjstirojrgifti lurmfti bm mctovolmlli cjfvirsmcoóf Fj sirçm tmf ogpjrtmfti bm cmftolml li tmrhitms cjgj bmtigítocm li bms gosgms y mufqui if cmlm pmquiti si sokui ufm tigítocmgís gifjs cjgøf" bjs prjìsjris liairçmf pristmr mtifcoóf m bm sibiccoóf lipmquitis cjf ribmcoóf iftri ibbjs ym qui iftifligjs qui so ib mbugfj toifilo ocubtmlis pmrm mpbocmr bjs cjftifoljs vostjs if bm sisoóf lurmfti bm mctovolmlli cjfvirsmcoóf" is pjrqui if bm gmyjrçm li bjs cmsjs bjs cjftifoljstrmamhmljs if cbmsi fj toifif ribmcoóf tigítocm iftri ibbjs bj qui loòcubtm pjrtmftj bm mpbocmc oóf

Mligís li bj riìrolj m bm tigítocm y bm cmftolml li tmrhitms" is ogpjrtmftitifir if cuiftm ib losiýj li bm gosgm qui si nm ifcjftrmlj amstmftimlicumlj m pismr li qui si ricjgoiflm qui bjs loauhjs i ogíkifisigpbimljs if bms gosgms si cjrrispjflmf cjf bjs li bjs gmfumbis y boarjs li`jrgm qui ib mbugfj msjcoi ib cjftifolj qui trmamhm if ljs sotojs loìriftis ybj mpriflm cjf gís `mcobolml Mbkufms obustrmcojfis li tmrhitms si nmcjfsolirmlj qui pjlrçmf sir gihjrmabis

GMFYMBIS8

If cumftj m bm prisiftmcoóf li bm of`jrgmcoóf rimbozmlm if ib gmfumbis litrmamhj li @buifcy pjligjs listmcmr ufm siroi li cjfcbusojfis quilirovmríf if mbkufjs cmsjs if prjpuistms li gihjrm Nigjs li nmcir cjfstmrif isti puftj qui bjs gmfumbis ivmbumljs sjf bjs `mcobotmljs pjr bm igprism"liscjfjcoiflj qui istíf if prjcisj li rivosoóf sikøf bm of`jrgmcoóf øbtogm`mcobotmlm Lmlj qui ib trmamhj istí ym rimbozmlj" ofcjrpjrmgjs okumbgiftiistms sukirifcoms cjfsolirmflj qui puilif sir li utobolml

If progir bukmr si nm oliftoòcmlj qui if bjs boarjs ivmbumljs fj si litmbbmof`jrgmcoóf li gmfirm sostigítocm" m gjlj li kuçm lolíctocm" sjari bjsjahitovjs m cjfsikuor y bms cjgpitifcoms qui si mlquororçmf cjf ib lismrrjbbj

lib cursj Cjfsolirmgjs qui if cumbquoir boarj lolíctocj" istï jroiftmlj m bmifsiýmfzm rikbmlm j fj" liairçm ofcbuorsi m gjlj li oftrjluccoóf"ispicoòcmcojfis sjari ib cjftixtj li usj lib boarj" bm prisiftmcoóf li bjsmutjris y*j lib iquopj ljcifti" bjs cjfjcogoiftjs privojs riquiroljs" ib bjkrjli jahitovjs" bjs cjftifoljs y su ribivmfcom if uf cjftixtj rimb" bm ivmbumcoóf"ib fovib cjf ib qui si cjrrispjfli" bm gitjljbjkçm m sikuor Cjgj si nmoflocmlj if bm ivmbumcoóf qui nigjs ricjkolj if bms progirms píkofms liisti of`jrgi" pmrti li istm of`jrgmcoóf mpmrici if mbkufjs li bjs boarjsgoiftrms qui if jtrjs fj mpmrici" cjgj bm cjbiccoóf li ‒Fiw Qjuti‗ Ujribbj" ricjgiflmgjs8



=9?

' Ofcbuor if tjljs bjs boarjs" if bms progirms píkofms j øbtogms li bm jarm"of`jrgmcoóf lolíctocm aísocm sjari ib gmfumb Sorvm m gjlj li kuçm bmsokuoifti prjpuistm li logifsojfis m cjftigpbmr8

m Ib cjftixtj li usj lib boarj

a Bm prisiftmc oóf li bjs mutjrisc Bjs cjfjcogoiftjs privojs

l Jahitovjs

i Cjgpitifcoms` Bjs cjftifoljs

k Fovib cjf ib qui si cjrrispjfli lib \rofoty Cjbbiki

n Bm gitjljbjkçmo Bm ivmbumc oóf

Istm of`jrgmcoóf fj liai sir sustotuolm pjr ib risugif qui li bm jarm sirimbozm if bm cjftrmpjrtmlm lib boarj" sofj qui sirvorçm cjgjcjgpbigiftj m b gosgj

' Fj ispico ocmr if bm of`jrgmcoóf sjari ib cursj bm ilml" m ixcipcoóf libjs fovibis gís aísocjs .gmtirombis li Dolz/ Ofcbuor if su bukmr bmof`jrgmcoóf sjari bjs cjfjcogoiftjs privojs y bms cjgpitifcoms mmlquoror M gjlj jroiftmtovj" puili risubtmr ricjgiflmabi ispicoòcmrib fovib li cjrrispjflifcom if bm ifsiýmfzm rikbmlm" pjr itmpmilucmtovm .Urogmrom" ISJ" Amcnobbirmtj/" i ofcbusj pjr cocbjs y*j cursjs

Jtrm li bms ricjgiflmcojfis vm jroiftmlm m qui si ufoòqui bm of`jrgmcoófqui mpmrici if bm píkofm wia sjari ib tigmroj" y bm cjftifolm if bjsgmfumbis Bm of`jrgmcoóf ofcbuolm mctumbgifti if bm píkofm wia prisiftmloscripmfcoms if cumftj m bm ofcbuolm if bjs boarjs" sjari tjlj if bjs mspictjsriìroljs m bm ilml Msogosgj" ib tigmroj qui mpmrici if bm píkofm wia is" ifmbkufjs cmsjs loìrifti" rispictj mb gmtiromb `mcobotmlj8 ‒Nokn OftirgilomtiIfkbosn O y OO‗ if bukmr li ‒@buifcy Urjkriss‗ y ‒Yfovirsoty j` Cmgarolki‗

Sokuoiflj bm ricjgiflmcoóf mftirojr" si sukoiri lisicnmr bms virsojfismftokums li bjs boarjs y trmamhmr ixcbusovmgifti cjf bms fuivms virsojfis" qui

si cjrrispjflif cjf bms prisiftmlms if bm píkofm wia Is guy ogpjrtmftiqui tjljs bjs ricursjs utobozmljs kumrlif ribmcoóf iftri sç .tmrhitms" boarjs"gmtiromb wia/ pmrm qui ufjs mctøif li riùirzj sjari jtrjs y si `mcoboti msç bmoftirribmcoóf li of`jrgmcoóf y cjf ibbj bm gigjrozmcoóf y ib mpriflozmhisokfoòcmtovj

Sokuoiflj cjf ib `jrgmtj li prisiftmcoóf li bjs cjftifoljs" si nmoliftoòcmlj ufm musifcom cbmrm li ufolml li `jrgmtj if tjljs bjs boarjsrivosmljs" m ixcipc oóf li bm cjbiccoóf ‒Fiw Qjuti‗ If uf gmtiromb lolíctocjsi liai istmabicir cjgj prigosm ùflmgiftmb qui bm of`jrgmcoóf istïjrkmfozmlm li `jrgm cbmrm y pricosm" utobozmflj jrkmfozmljris privojs"isquigms" ibigiftjs istructurmftis" obustrmcojfis" cjbjr" itc qui cjftroauymf



=05

m bjkrmr bm iòcmcom cjgufocmtovm pritiflolm" y soigpri istmabicoiflj cjgjcrotiroj projrotmroj qui bm istïtocm liai istmr mb sirvocoj li bm ùfcojfmbolml" ifisti cmsj" lolíctocm Msç" si nmf litictmlj ufm siroi li mspictjs m gihjrmrriìroljs m bm jrkmfozmcoóf li bm of`jrgmcoóf if ib çfloci" bm cjgpmkofmcoóf"gírkifis" ifcmaizmljs y poi li píkofm" oliftoòcmcoóf li bms siýms lioliftolml li bm igprism" jrkmfozmcoóf li bms siccojfis y biccojfis"prisiftmcoóf li bms mctovolmlis" itc Bms ricjgiflmcojfis y sukirifcoms" pjrtmftj" rimbozmlms if tjrfj m istjs mspictjs ivmbumljs sjf8

' Yfoòcmr bm istructurm lib çfloci if tjljs bjs boarjs .m pmrtor lib Ajjd Jfi=/" cjftigpbmflj biccoóf j tigm" abjquis so bjs nuaoirm y cjftifoljstrmamhmljs if tjrfj m krmgítocm" vjcmaubmroj" rimlofk y bostifofk Siricjgoiflm tjgmr cjgj gjlibj bm istructurm sikuolm if ib çfloci licjftifoljs lib boarj ‒Oftirgilomti Ifkbosn ;‗

' Ofcbuor if tjljs bjs boarjs uf ifcmaizmlj if ib qui si ofloqui if bmspíkofms ogpmris ib boarj if ib qui si ifcuiftrm y if bms pmris bm biccoófqui si istí trmamhmflj If mbkufjs boarjs" si nm ofcbuolj if ibifcmaizmlj ib bjkjtopj li @buifcy If cmsj li qui si cjfsoliricjfvifoifti su ofcbusoóf" isti bjkjtopj liairçm mpmricir if tjljs bjsboarjs" aoif if ib ifcmaizmlj j if ib poi li píkofm" y rispitmflj bjscjbjris qui liòfif bm siým li oliftolml

' Ytobozmr ufjs gírkifis supirojris" ofìrojris y bmtirmbis mlicumljs"sokuoiflj ib gjlibj li bm cjbiccoóf ‒Fiw Qjuti‗ y lib ‒NoknOftirgilomti Ifkbosn Ivotmr ib usj li gmrcjs if bjs gírkifis qui si nm

utobozmlj if ib ‒ajjd \wj 1‗ y if ib ‒Ajjd \nrii 3‗" qui rilucifvosumbgifti bjs ispmcojs lilocmljs m bjs gírkifis lib boarj

' Ytobozmr kríòcjs istructurmftis" cjgj gmrcjs" rictífkubjs sjgarimljs"òbitis qui sipmrif siccojfis cjgj mspictjs li cjftifolj ymctovolmlis príctocms Si sukoiri utobozmr ib `jrgmtj li bm cjbiccoóf‒Fiw Qjuti‗8 prjfufcomcoóf" cjfhufcojfis" mrtçcubjs" fjgarisifgmrcmlms if ufm `jrgm kijgïtrocm cumlrmlm li cjbjr mzub"ixpbocmcojfis ispicçòcms rismbtmlms cjf cjbjr li `jrgm if mzub" virli"mgmrobbj .pjr ihigpbj" ixpbocmflj lib PIQA AI if bm píkofm lib ‒FiwQjuti =‗/

If cumftj m bms mctovolmlis" if kifirmb si cjfsolirm qui sjf lovirsoòcmlms yqui si mlicumf m bm gitjljbjkçm utobozmlm Sof igamrkj" mufqui istj ismpbocmabi m bjs gmtirombis cjrrispjfloiftis m bjs Fovibis = m ?" if bjs boarjs pmrmilml of`mftob .Dolz = y Dolz 1/ si oliftoòcmf mctovolmlis pjcj lovirsoòcmlms" ymqui if ib boarj Dolz = tmf sóbj si riquoiri qui ib mbugfj ripmsi ib vjcmaubmrojmpriflolj" goiftrms qui if ib Dolz 1" m istm tmrim si mýmli bm li oliftoòcmr ibvjcmaubmroj if bms obustrmcojfis Si cjfsolirm ricjgiflmabi pjr tmftj" qui siofcbuymf mc tovolmlis lovirso ocmlms qui mtoiflmf mb lismrrjbbj li cmpmc olmlisli mfíbosos y sçftisos cjgj puzzbis" ihircocojs li gigjrom vosumb"



=0=

sicuifcomcojfis" jrkmfozmcoóf y jroiftmcoóf ispmcomb" oliftoòcmcoóf" itc" ifjtrj olojgm" mhustífljbj msç m bm of`jrgmcoóf ispico ocmlm if bm píkofm wia

Ujr øbtogj" if bjs mspictjs riìroljs m bms ogíkifis y mb cjbjr is cjfvifoiftirimbozmr ufm mctumbozmcoóf li bjs gmtirombis prisiftmljs Mbkufjs li bjs boarjs

.‒Oftirgilomti Ifkbosn‗" ‒Nokn Oftirgilomti Ifkbosn O‗ y ‒Nokn OftirgilomtiIfkbosn OO‗/ fj ofcbuyif fofkufm ogmkif" msç cjgj cjbjris Su ilocoóf iscjgpbitmgifti if abmfcj y fikrj" pjr bj qui ib boarj suibi sir if kifirmbpjcj mtrmctovj y gjtovmljr Jtrjs boarjs" sof igamrkj prisiftmf ogíkifispjcj cbmrms" sof uf istobj ufoòcmlj y liòfolj y istïtocmgifti pjcj mtrmctovmspmrm ib mbugfmlj mb qui vmf lorokolms .‒Ajjd Jfi =‗ i ‒Oftirgilomti Ifkbosn;‗/ Mligís" ib cjbjr liai cjfsolirmrsi cjgj uf ibigiftj vosumb quicjftroauorí m istructurmr y jrkmfozmr bm of`jrgmcoóf li `jrgm mlicumlm ycjftroauorí m bm iòcmcom cjgufocmtovm Msç" mufqui ib boarj fj cjftifkmfofkufm ogmkif" ib cjbjr liairçm istmr prisifti" if ifufcomljs" ifgmrcmfljcjf òkurms kijgïtrocms mctovolmlis j siccojfis" itc" sokuoiflj ib usj libcjbjr qui si nm rimbozmlj if bm Cjbiccoóf ‒Fiw Qjuti‗ Bms ricjgiflmcojfis"pjr tmftj" qui cjftigpbmgjs if ribmc oóf cjf istm logifsoóf sjf8

' Mctumbozmr bms ogíkifis utobozmlms if bjs boarjs ‒Ajjd Jfi =‗ ‒Ajjd \wj1‗ y ‒Ajjd \nrii 3‗" sibiccojfmflj y*j losiýmflj ogíkifis gísgjlirfms y rimbostms" gís mcjrlis cjf ib cjftixtj li istogubmcoófvosumb if ib qui si lisifvuibvi bjs foýjs if ilml of`mftob mctumbgiftiCjftigpbmr tmgaoïf bm pjsoaobolml li utobozmr `jtjkrm`çms" lib gosgj

gjlj qui si nm rimbozmlj if bm cjbiccoóf lib ‒Fiw Qjuti‗

' Sustotuor bms ogíkifis ofcbuolms if ib ‒Oftirgilomti Ifkbosn ;‗ pjr`jtjkrm`çms y obustrmcojfis cjf riìriftis gís rimbis" mtifloiflj mb Fovibqui liaif tifir bjs mbugfjs qui rimbocif isti cursj .fovib 0/" yprisupjfoiflj pjr tmftj ufm ilml of`mftob mvmfzmlm .m pmrtor li =5mýjs/" mljbiscifti j mlubtj

M fovib kifirmb" pjligjs risugor bms ricjgiflmcojfis li gihjrm sukirolmsif tjrfj m bjs gmtirombis li isti gjlj8

Qicursj M fovib tïcfocj M fovib pilmkókocj \mrhitms Gihjrmr bm ogmkif

istïtocm li bmtmrhitm

Gihjrmr bm cmpmc olml ixprisovm y ibpjtifcomb lolíctocj li bmsobustrmcojfis i ogíkifis li bmtmrhitmIf mbkufjs cmsjs if bjs qui ibvjcmaubmroj is ixtifsj ycjgpbocmlj si ricjgoiflmofcjrpjrmr uf gifjr føgirj litmrhitms



=01

Qicursj M fovib tïcfocj M fovib pilmkókocj

Gmfumbis * boarjs Ofcbuor kuçmsljciftis

Yfo ocmr istobjs y`jrgmtjs

Gihjrmr cm bolmltïcfocm li bmsogíkifis iobustrmcojfis

J`ricir jroiftmc ojfis gíscjfcritms mb mbugfj mcircm licógj lismrrjbbmr ib trmamhj cjf ibboarj if cmsm pmrm qui jatifkmf ufgmyjr iilamcd li bms mc tovolmlisqui rimbozmf

Uozmrrm Umrm bm ixpbocmc oóf li mbkufmspmbmarms j cjfciptjs si pjlrçm

nmcir uf usj gís iìctovj li istiricursj

\mabm =? Urjpuistms li gihjrm pmrm gmtirombis

GM\OXMCOJFIS LI BM UQYIAM LI FOPIB

Bjs lmtjs qui si nmf prisiftmlj mftirojrgifti if bj qui rispictm m bmpruiam li fovib fjs nmf gjstrmlj qui ib mbugfmlj si ifcuiftrm if uf fovib

qui cmso mbcmfzm bm gilom" msç puis bm ogprisoóf li bm ivmbumljrm ixpirtm"pmrtoiflj li bjs risubtmljs jatifoljs y trms vmbjrmr ib ixmgif rimbozmlj m bjslmtjs prisiftmljs mftirojrgifti liaif mýmlorsi bms sokuoiftis jasirvmcojfis8

= Bm cmftolml li pmrtocopmftis if ib ixmgif.</ fjs ogpjsoaobotm ibkifirmbozmr bjs risubtmljs pmrm tjljs bjs istulomftis lib fovib 9 li bmmcmligom

1 Yfm li bms cmrmctirçstocms li bjs ixígifis li Cmgarolki is prjamr bmcmpmcolml lib mspormfti pmrm gmftifir bm cjfciftrmcoóf lurmfti cmsoljs njrms y rispjflir m tjlms bms prikuftms" uf tjtmb li >= prikuftms

iscrotms" bj qui fjs nm solj ogpjsoabi cjgprjamr if fuistrj istulojliaolj m bm bogotmcoóf li toigpj cjf bm qui cjftíamgjs3 Bm sibiccoóf jabokmlm li bms prikuftms li cmlm pmrti fjs loòcubtm ib

gilor mbkufjs ihircocojs qui fj si puloirjf ofcbuor cjgj ufm rilmccoófgís bmrkm j tixtjs li cjgprifsoóf bictjrm qui ogpbocmamf gíslilocmcoóf tigpjrmb y jtrj `jrgmtj li rispuistms gís ixtifsj

< Bm musifcom li risubtmljs li bm pruiam li SUIMDOFK fj fjs pirgotiufm jatifcoóf li lmtjs cjgpbitm y rimbostm li bj qui supjflrçm ufixmgif li DI\ li Cmgarolki

Fj jastmfti" cjf bjs lmtjs qui jatifigjs li istjs cumtrj mbugfjs sç pjligjs mòrgmr qui tjljs ibbjs rjzmrçmf ib mprjamlj if cmlm ufm li bms



=03

lostoftms pmrtis j mpmrtmljs lib ixmgif Ofsostogjs li fuivj if bm ogpjrtmfcomli gmtozmr istjs risubtmljs" ym qui si mlgofostró ufm pruiam rilucolm" cjfpjcj toigpj y m ufm guistrm guy piquiým Mligís is ficismroj ricjrlmrqui bjs mbugfjs liscjfjcçmf ib topj li pruiam li liaçmf m`rjftmr y ib`jrgmtj li bm gosgm .fj jbvoligjs qui tjljs bjs mbugfjs qui nmcif ufmpruiam li fovib soigpri prmctocmf cjf mftibmcoóf ib topj li ixmgif/

\mgaoïf is ficismroj fj jbvolmr qui ib ixmgif rimbozmlj ùi ib DI\ .fovibofìrojr/ y fj ib cjrrispjfloifti mb fovib 9 sikøf bms bostms li iquovmbifcoms" quirimbgifti nuaoirm solj ib UI\

\jljs istjs ibigiftjs nmcif qui bjs risubtmljs li istjs ixígifis" mufquili krmf oftirïs" nmymf li sir cjfsolirmljs li `jrgm ribmtovm y rivibmf ibifjrgi oftirïs qui pjlrçm tifir rimbozmr bms pruiams m gmyjr iscmbm y cjf gístoigpj Msç puis" sukirogjs bm pjsoaobolml li rimbozmr uf ixmgif cjgpbitj liDI\ cjf toigpj rimb y tjlms sus pmrtis m uf gmyjr føgirj li mbugfjs li fovib9 li lovirsms mcmligoms y m su viz rimbozmr m jtrj krupj lostoftj li mbugfjslib gosgj fovib 9 ib ixmgif cjgpbitj lib UI\ cjf ib jahitovj li cjgprjamrif rimbolml ljfli ifcmhmrçm ib fovib 9 li bm mcmligom y istogmr so ib ixmgifli \rofoty sirçm iquopmrmabi if cjftifoljs krmgmtocmbis mb ristj li fovibis yixígifis cjf bjs qui si iquopmrmf Msogosgj cjfsolirmgjs qui bm mpbocmcoófli istms pruiams fjs j`ricirçm lmtjs guy ribivmftis sjari bm cmbolml li bjsmpriflozmhis y bm iòcmcom lib gïtjlj @buifcy

M GJLJ LI CJFC BYSOÓF SJAQI BMS UQJUYIS\MS LIGIH JQM

M bm bmrkj li isti øbtogj mpmrtmlj si nmf olj prjpjfoiflj ufm siroi liprjpuistms li gihjrm qui nmf pmrtolj li bms cjfcbusojfis mbcmfzmlms trms bjslmtjs jatifoljs lurmfti bm ofvistokmcoóf

Umrtoiflj li bm vmbjrmcoóf pjsotovm lib gïtjlj pjr pmrti tmftj lijasirvmljris ixtirfjs cjgj li bjs mkiftis ogpbocmljs" is ricjgiflmabitifir if cuiftm bms vmbjrmcojfis rimbozmlms li gjlj qui bm ofvistokmcoófpuistm if príctocm mbcmfci su jahitovj profcopmb qui is bm gihjrm li bmrimbolml jahitj li istuloj Fj is fuistrm oftifcoóf gjloòcmr ib gïtjlj@buifcy .sjari ib qui ym nigjs nicnj mbusoóf li su auif ùfcojfmgoiftj ysjari ib qui nm quilmlj gís qui ligjstrmlm bm smtos mccoóf li sus usumrojs/sofj pbmftimr cuistojfis qui liftrj lib gosgj y sof smbtmrsi bjs profcopojsùflmgiftmbis li ïsti myulif m pmbomr mbkufms cuistojfis litictmlms pjr bjs

prjpojs usumrojs y jasirvmlms pjr bjs ofvistokmljris ixtirfjs li bm ufovirsolml



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Ib gïtjlj lm risubtmljs" ùfcojfm y toifi ïxotj" pirj so mbkj cmrmctirozm bjsprjcisjs ilucmtovjs is bm ficisolml li qui bms gitjljbjkçms mpbocmlms fjsimf rçkolms y si puilmf gjloòcmr lipifloiflj li bms ficisolmlis li bjsmbugfjs" li bms corcufstmfcoms" lib cjftixtj" lib prjìsjrmlj" itc Ixostifgucnms vmromabis qui oftirvoifif if bjs prjcisjs ilucmtovjs y qui gjloòcmfbjs risubtmljs pbmftimljs ofocombgifti" ym sim li gmfirm pjsotovm y fikmtovm

Si pbmftim pjr tmftj cjgj ufm ricjgiflmcoóf m fovib kifirmb qui mamrcmtjlms bms ligís" ib istmabicogoiftj li coirtms vmromcojfis li mpbocmcoóf libgïtjlj qui pjlríf istmr m cmrkj lib prjìsjrmlj y qui nmstm si puilifprilosiýmr lisli ib iquopj lorictovj li bm mcmligom" li gmfirm qui simgpbçi ib gmrkif li mctumcoóf li bjs prjìsjris y puilmf mlmptmr bjscjftifoljs trmamhmljs mb ristj li vmromabis qui oftirvoifif if bjs prjcisjs liifsiýmfzm'mpriflozmhi y fj m bm ofvirsm Uuistj qui si cuiftm cjfprjìsjrmlj `jrgmlj y cjf cjfjcogoiftj li bm bifkum ofkbism y if mbkufjscmsjs cjfjcogoiftj pilmkókocj" sirí ricjgiflmabi cjftofumr nmcoifljïf`msos if locnm `jrgmcoóf pilmkókocm y pirgotor mb prjìsjrmlj ibpbmftimgoiftj li tmrims liftrj lib gïtjlj qui puilmf myulmr m su gihjrm4fj is tmftj qui ib prjìsjr trmamhi m su mori if cbmsi" sofj gís aoif quicjgpmrtm cjf jtrjs ljciftis olims y prjpuistms y iftri tjlj ib pirsjfmb sivmbjri bm mlicumcoóf li bms gosgms pmrm su mpbocmc oóf

Li `jrgm softïtocm y mauflmflj if tjlj bj ixpuistj if isti of`jrgi" sipjlrçmf cjfsolirmr istrmtikoms pmrm gihjrmr ib mbkufjs mspictjs lib gïtjlj

.usj li bjs toigpjs" gjtovmcoóf" cjrriccoóf li irrjris" usj li ricursjs"gihjrmr bm cjgpitifcom if iscroturm j gihjrm li bm mctovolml licjfvirsmcoóf/" pirj tmgaoïf mbkufjs mspictjs if ribmcoóf m bm ribmcoóf iftriprjìsjrmlj y `mgoboms" u jtrjs mspictjs ribmcojfmljs cjf bms tmrims li cmsm jcjf bm `jrgmcoóf pirgmfifti lib prjìsjrmlj Istmgjs sikurjs li qui tjljsistjs ibigiftjs pmrm cjfsolirmr pjsoabis offjvmcojfis pjlrçmf riluflmrpjsotovmgifti if bm iìctovolml lib gïtjlj"

Qisubtm cjgpbocmlj mpbocmr ricitms gíkocms if bms mubms" ym simf liilucmcoóf rikbmlm cjgj li ilucmcoóf fj `jrgmb" bj qui sç istí cbmrj is qui

cumflj mbkj ùfcojfm .cjgj ib gïtjlj @buifcy/ is ogpjrtmfti gmftifirbj ior mlmptífljbj y gihjrífljbj pmrm qui ib ïxotj y bm smtos`mccoóf sokmf soifljbjs mlhitovjs qui bj liòfmf



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Lçmz li Qmlm" P .=???/ \ïcfocms li mfíbosos li lmtjs pmrm ofvistokmljrissjc ombis8 mpbocmc ojfis príctocms cjf SUSS pmrm [ofljws Gmlrol8 Qm'Gm

Ilucmtojf@orst .15==/Çfloci lib fovib li ofkbïs Of`jrgi òfmb

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Iurjpimf Fitwjrd .1551/ Ivmbumcoóf li nmaobolmlis li bjs mbugfjs if ofkbïsif jcnj pmçsis iurjpijs 1551

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Kmrrolj Amrrm" C .1551/ Livibjpofk Bmfkumki Bimrfofk Strmtikoisnttp8**wwwnbtgmkcjud*muk5>*smrt5=ntg .cjfsubtmlj ib 9*==*15==/

Kjfzíbiz" H G .=??;/ Bjs gïtjljs li ifsiýmfzm lib ofkbïs8 ufm ixpiroifc omkrupmb cjf mbugfjs mlubtjs \isos ljctjrmb Ibcni

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Ifnttp8**wwwcsocsoìs*mflmbucom*gjlubis*gjlZifsi*rivostm*pl`* Fug

http://www.fundacionvisioncoi.es/investigaciones%20del%20COI.htm


http://www.euroresidentes.com/Blogs/espana/2005/08/aprender-ingls-en-espaa.hml










http://www.csi-csif.es/andalucia/modules/mod_ense/revista/pdf/Numero_40/LOURDES_MARIA_GORDILLO_SANTOFIMIA_01.pdf








































































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Nirfífliz" S .155>/ Ib gjlibj cjfstructovostm cjf bms fuivms ticfjbjkçms8mpbocmlj if ib prjcisj li mpriflozmhi If Cjgufocmcoóf y

cjfstruccoóf lib cjfjcogoiftj if ib fuivj ispmcoj ticfjbókocjTgjfjkrí`ocj if bçfimW Qivostm li Yfovirsolml y Sjcoilml libCjfjcogoiftj .QYSC/ Pjb 9" f¸ 1 YJC .35*5>*15==/nttp8**wwwujcilu*rusc*9*1*lt*isp*nirfmflizpl`

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H ogïfiz" QG .=??</ Istrmtikoms gfigjtïcfocms pmrm bm ifsiýmfzm y ibmpriflozmhi lib vjcmaubmroj lib ofkbïs If Cjgufocmcoóf" Bifkumhi yIlucmcoóf" f¸ 1<" ;?'>>

H ogïfiz" QG .=??>/ Bm gigjrom y ib mpriflozmhi lib ofkbïs if ib mubm IfCMYCI" Qivostm li `objbjkçm y su lolíctocm" f¸ 15'1=" ;?;'>==

Drmsnif" S .=?>9/ \ni ofput nypjtnisos Bjfljf8 Bjfkgmf

Drmsnif" S y \irrib" \L .=?>>/ \ni fmturmb mpprjmcn Bmfkumkimcquosotojf oftnicbmssrjjg Bjfljf8 Uriftoci Nmbb

Dugmrmvmlovibu" Q .1550/ Yflirstmflofkbmfkumkitimcnofk@rjggitnjltjpjstgitnjl Gmnwmn8 Bmwrifci IrbamugMssjc omtis

Bissmrl'Cbjustjf" G .=??;/ Bmfkumkibimrfofkstrmtikois8 Mfjvirvoiw`jr B1 \imcnir \ni Oftirfit \ISB H jurfmb" vjb 3" =1

Bissmrl'Cbjustjf" G .=??;/ Bmfkumki Bimrfofk Strmtikois8 Mf Jvirvoiw `jr B1 \imcnirs If Issmys of Bmfkumkis mfl Botirmturis">nttp8**otisbhjrk*Mrtocbis*Bissmrl'Cbjustjf'Strmtikyntgb .cjfsubtmlj ib9*==*15==/

Gmrtçf" GM .155?/ Nostjrom li bm gitjljbjkçm li ifsiýmfzm li bms bifkumsixtrmfhirms If \ihuibj" f¸9" 9<';5

Gmuro" H M" Okbisoms" P" Cjrrim" C" Aifotiz" M y Kuirrm" B .155=/ \ijrçms libmpriflozmhi y bmifsiýmfzm li bjs cjgpjfiftis li bm bifkum ofkbism ifbjs ciftrjs li ilucmcoóf gïlocm supirojr Qivostm ilucmcoóf gïlocmsupirojr" v=9" f¸3"nttp8**scoibjsblcu*scoibjpnp:pol7S5>0<'1=<=155=55535555<&scropt7scoZ mrttixt&tbfk7is .cjfsubtmlj ib >*;*15==/

Gofostiroj li Ilucmcoóf .15==m/ Lmtjs y co rms cursj iscjbmr 15==*15=1





http://www.uoc.edu/rusc/5/2/dt/esp/hernandez.pdf








http://inglesenelexterior.wordpress.com/2010/09/14/%C2%BFque-esta-fallando-en-la-ensenanza-del-ingles-en-espana/














http://iteslj.org/Articles/Lessard-Clouston-Strategy.html



http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?pid=S0864-21412001000300004&script=sci_arttext&tlng=es









































































































































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Gofostiroj li Ilucmcoóf .15==a/ Of`jrgi sjari ib istmlj y sotumcoóf libsostigm ilucmtovj Curjs 155?*15=5

Gofostiroj li Ilucmcoóf y Coifcom .155</ Ivmbumcoóf li bm ifsiýmfzm y ibmpriflozmhi li bm bifkum ofkbism Ilucmcoóf Sicuflmrom Jabokmtjrom

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Gjftimbikri" Q .1553/ Bm gigjrom8 jpirmcojfis y gïtjljs gfigjtïcfocjsIf Qivostm Cjbjgaomfm li psocjbjkçm" f¸ =1" ??'=5;

Gjrkmlj" O .1559/ Usocjaojbjkçm lib mpriflozmhi y bm gigjrom If COC"Cumlirfjs li Of`jrgmcoóf y Cjgufocmc oóf" f¸ =5" 11='133

Jx`jrl" Q .=??5/ Bmfkumki Bimrfofk Strmtikois [nmt iviry timcnir snjubldfjw Gmssmcnusitts8 Niofbi&Niofbi Uuabosnirs

Qocnmrls H y Qjlkirs" \ .155=/Mpprjmcnis mfl gitnjls of bmfkumkitimcnofkCmgarolki8 Cmgarolki YfovirsotyUriss

Qjlrçkuiz" G y Kmrcçm'Girís" I .1559/ Bms istrmtikoms li mpriflozmhi y suspmrtocubmrolmlis if bifkums ixtrmfhirms Qivostm Oairjmgirocmfm liIlucmcoóf" .30/ <

Qjgirj" M .15=5/ Gmfumb li mspictjs aísocjs y mpbocmljs lib mpriflozmhiGurcom8 Yfovirsolml li Gurcom .fj puabocmlj/

Qugibnmrt" L I .=?>5/Snitmgm8 \ni auoblofk abjcd j` cjkfotojf Of Q H Sporj" AC Aruci & [ Ariwir .ils/" \nijritocmb ossuis of rimlofkcjgprinifsojfNobbslmbi" FH 8Irbamug

Smgpmscumb" K .155=/ Usocjbjkçm li bm Ilucmcoóf \jgj O Gmlrol8 YFIL

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Sno``rof" QC y Mttodsjf" QG .=?;;/8 !Nugmf gigjry8 m prjpjsil systig mfl otscjftrjb prjcissis! If K N Ajwir .il/8 Nugmf Gigjry' Amsoc

Urjcissis Fuivm _jrd8 Mcmligoc Uriss



Isti of`jrgi si tirgofó li iscroaor if ib gis liSiptoigari

Krupj li Ofvistokmcoóf li \icfjbjkçm Ilucmtovm

Yfovirsolml li Gurcom

Gurcom

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el método fluency: un estudio científico

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