el sur profundo de mÉrida el sur profundo de merida.pdf · 12 el sur profundo de mérida od...
TRANSCRIPT
El sur profundo de MéridaDiagnóstico social y económico de dos colonias
0DUtD7HUHVLWD&DVWLOOR/HyQ9LROHWD*X]PiQ0HGLQD-RVp$/XJR3pUH]EDITORES
El sur profundo de MéridaDiagnóstico social y económico de dos colonias
María Teresita Castillo León 9LROHWD*X]PiQ0HGLQD-RVp$/XJR3pUH]
EDITORES
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2016
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D.R. © UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMADE YUCATÁN, 2016
Prohibida la reproduccióntotal o parcial de esta obra sinpermiso escrito del editor.
SECRETARÍA GENERALDepartamento EditorialAvenida Juárez núm. 421Ciudad industrial C.P. 97288Tel. (999) 924-72-60Fax. (999) 923-97-69Mérida, Yucatán, México
ISBN: 978-607-9405-85-4
& ůƐƵƌƉƌŽĨƵŶĚŽĚĞDĠƌŝĚĂĚŝĂŐŶſƐƟĐŽƐŽĐŝĂůLJĞĐŽŶſͲͲϭϯϵϭ ŵŝĐŽĚĞĚŽƐĐŽůŽŶŝĂƐDĂƌşĂdĞƌĞƐŝƚĂĂƐƟůůŽ>ĞſŶͲͲ.M5 Violeta Guzmán Medina, José A. Lugo Pérez, editores ;^ϴϳ ĂƵƚŽƌĞƐDĂƌşĂdĞƌĞƐŝƚĂĂƐƟůůŽ>ĞſŶLJŽƚƌŽƐ2016 223 páginas : ilustraciones. 1.Mérida, Yucatán—Condiciones sociales—Siglo XXI. Mérida, Yucatán—Condiciones económicas—SIglo XXI. 3. Planeación regional—Mérida, Yucatán. 4. Urbanismo- Mérida, Yucatán. 5. Antropología urbana—Mérida, Yuca- ƚĄŶϲDĠƌŝĚĂzƵĐĂƚĄŶͶsŝĚĂƐŽĐŝĂůLJĐŽƐƚƵŵďƌĞƐ/ĂƐͲ ƟůůŽ>ĞſŶdĞƌĞƐŝƚĂ//'ƵnjŵĂŶDĞĚŝŶĂDĂƌşĂ'ƵĂĚĂůƵƉĞ Violeta. III. Lugo Pérez, José A. (José Antonio). ISBN:978-607-9405-85-4
Lib-UADY
/ŵƉƌĞƐŽLJŚĞĐŚŽĞŶDĠƌŝĚĂzƵĐĂƚĄŶDĠdžŝĐŽPrinted and made in Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
Contenido
Introducción 9Capítulo 1. ůƉƌŽĐĞƐŽŵĞƚŽĚŽůſŐŝĐŽĚĞůĚŝĂŐŶſƐƟĐŽ ϮϳCapítulo 2.KƌŝŐĞŶLJĚĞƐĂƌƌŽůůŽĚĞůĂƐĐŽůŽŶŝĂƐĚĞĞƐƚƵĚŝŽ ϰϳCapítulo 3.ƐƉĞĐƚŽƐƐŽĐŝŽĚĞŵŽŐƌĄĮĐŽƐLJĞĐŽŶſŵŝĐŽƐ ϲϵCapítulo 4.WŽůşƟĐĂƐƉƷďůŝĐĂƐLJǀŝǀŝĞŶĚĂ ϵϱCapítulo 5./ŶƐƟƚƵĐŝŽŶĞƐƐŽĐŝĂůĞƐĞŶůĂƐĐŽůŽŶŝĂƐĚĞůĞƐƚƵĚŝŽ escuela, gobierno, iglesias 113Capítulo 6.^ĂůƵĚLJĞƐƟůŽƐĚĞǀŝĚĂ ϭϰϱCapítulo 7.ƐƉĞĐƚŽƐƉƐŝĐŽƐŽĐŝĂůĞƐLJƐŽĐŝŽͲũƵƌşĚŝĐŽƐ ϭϲϵCapítulo 8.ŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂĐŝŽŶĞƐĮŶĂůĞƐLJƉƌŽƉƵĞƐƚĂƐĚĞƚƌĂďĂũŽ ϭϵϭ
Referencias 209
Los autores 217
Introducción
11Introducción
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12 El sur profundo de Mérida
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través de la realización de proyectos sociales que coadyuven a evitar el asistencialis-
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13Introducción
rriculares, como la oferta de asignaturas, la participación de estudiantes HQSUiFWLFDVSURIHVLRQDOHV\GHVHUYLFLRVRFLDODVtFRPRODUHDOL]DFLyQGHWHVLVGHOLFHQFLDWXUD\SRVJUDGR 3DUDODDSOLFDFLyQGHHVWH3URJUDPDGHLQWHUYHQFLyQ\SUD[LVFRPX-QLWDULDSULPHURVHSURFHGLyDODVHOHFFLyQGHGRVFRORQLDV6DQ$QWRQLR;·OXFK,,,\6DQ/XLV6XU']XQXQFiQXELFDGDVHQOD]RQDVXUGHODFLXGDGGH0pULGD(VLPSRUWDQWHWRPDUHQFXHQWDTXHGHVGHOD~OWLPDGpFDGDGHOVLJORSDVDGRODVFRORQLDVXELFDGDVHQHVWHVHFWRUGHODFDSLWDOPHULGDQDKDQVLGRREMHWRGH LPSRUWDQWHVSURJUDPDVIHGHUDOHVSHM+iELWDW\2SRU-WXQLGDGHV WHQGLHQWHVDFRPEDWLU ODSREUH]DH[WUHPDGH ODVIDPLOLDVTXHKDELWDQHQHOODV&RQWRGRODVLQYHVWLJDFLRQHV$JXLODU&DQFKp3p-UH]0HGLQD)XHQWHV*yPH]5RVDGR/XJR$JXLODU&DQFKpTXHDERUGDQGLYHUVDVSUREOHPiWLFDVGHODVFRORQLDVGHOVXUFRLQFLGHQHQVHxDODUTXHpVWDVD~QYLYHQHQFRQGLFLRQHVGHSREUH]D\PDUJLQDFLyQ$OSDUHFHU HO LPSDFWRGH ODVSROtWLFDVS~EOLFDVHQIRFDGDVHQFDPELDU HVWDVFRQGLFLRQHVQRKDVLGRVXÀFLHQWH 8QRGH ORVJUXSRVPiVYXOQHUDEOHVD ORVSUREOHPDVFRQFRPLWDQ-WHVDODSREUH]DVRQORVMyYHQHV'HDKtODQHFHVLGDGGHTXHHO3URJUDPD-XYHQWXG\6RFLHGDGGHOFDPSXV&6($+JHQHUHHVWUDWHJLDVGHLQYHVWLJD-FLyQLQWHUYHQFLyQ\SUD[LVTXHGHULYHQHQDFFLRQHVGLULJLGDVDUHYHUWLUODVFRQGLFLRQHVTXHSURSLFLDQ ORVSUREOHPDVGHDOFRKROLVPRGURJDGLFFLyQdelincuencia y desempleo, entre otros, en este grupo de edad y, al mismo WLHPSRSURPXHYDQ VXELHQHVWDU ItVLFRSVLFROyJLFR VRFLDO \ FXOWXUDO DVtFRPRHOGHORVGHPiVKDELWDQWHV En consecuencia, cada facultad del campus y el Centro de Investi-JDFLRQHV5HJLRQDOHV+LGH\R1RJXFKL8QLGDGGH&LHQFLDV6RFLDOHVGHVLJ-QDURQDOPHQRVDXQDFDGpPLFRSDUDVXLQFRUSRUDFLyQDO3URJUDPDFRQel compromiso de participar en sus diferentes actividades y fungir como HQODFHVHQWUHpVWH\VXV UHVSHFWLYDVHQWLGDGHV/RVSULPHURVDFDGpPLFRVLQFRUSRUDGRVIXHURQ0WUR-RVp/XJR3pUH]\0WUD/L]EHWK0DUtD7]XF&DQFKp&,58&6'UD9LROHWD*X]PiQ0HGLQD)DFXOWDGGH&LHQFLDV
14 El sur profundo de Mérida
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15Introducción
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16 El sur profundo de Mérida
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17Introducción
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Caracterización de la zona de estudio(OXQLYHUVRGHHVWXGLRVHOHFFLRQDGRHVWiFRQIRUPDGRSRUODVIDPLOLDVTXHVHDVLHQWDQHQODVFRORQLDV6DQ$QWRQLR;·OXFK,,,\6DQ/XLV6XU']X-QXQFiQ(VWDVGRVFRORQLDVSRSXODUHVHVWiQORFDOL]DGDVHQHOVXU³HQORVOtPLWHVGHOD]RQDXUEDQDGH0pULGDTXHKDVREUHSDVDGRLQFOXVRHODQLOORSHULIpULFRTXHFLUFXQGD OD FLXGDG³FRQRFLGRFRORTXLDOPHQWHFRPRHO´VXUSURIXQGRµYHU)LJXUD(VXQD]RQDFX\DVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDV³VHUKDELWDGDSRUIDPLOLDVGHEDMRQLYHOVRFLRHFRQyPLFRYLYLHQGDVSUHFDULDVHQIHUPHGDGHV FDUHQFLDOHV \ VRFLDOHV \ EDMD HVFRODULGDG³ OD VLW~DQ GHDFXHUGRFRQHO,1(*,HQXQQLYHOGHDOWDPDUJLQDOLGDG(VLP-SRUWDQWHPHQFLRQDUTXHOD8$'<WLHQHSUHVHQFLDHQOD]RQDDWUDYpVGHOD8QLGDG$FDGpPLFDGH%DFKLOOHUDWRFRQ,QWHUDFFLyQ&RPXQLWDULD8$-%,&ODFXDOVHXELFDHQODDYHQLGDTXHGLYLGHDPEDVFRORQLDVYHU)RWR /DSULPHUDFRORQLD6DQ$QWRQLR;·OXFK,,,IXHFRQVLGHUDGDHQVXVLQLFLRV FRPRXQD H[WHQVLyQGH OD FRORQLD YHFLQD(PLOLDQR=DSDWD \QRIXHVLQRKDVWDTXHVHHPSH]yDSREODU\OOHJDURQORVSULPHURVSURJUDPDVJXEHUQDPHQWDOHVTXHVHOHDVLJQyHOQRPEUHDFWXDO$ODVHJXQGDFRORQLD6DQ/XLV6XU']XQXQFiQSULPHURVHOHFRQRFLyFRPR6DQ/XLV\SRVWH-ULRUPHQWHVHOHDJUHJy']XQXQFiQTXL]iVSRUHOKHFKRGHTXHXQDSDUWHGHODVHQWDPLHQWRFROLQGDFRQODYtDTXHFRPXQLFDDODFRPLVDUtDPHULGDQDGHHVWHQRPEUHHODVHQWDPLHQWRDEDUFDHQWRQFHVWDQWRXQDSDUWHGHOLQ-WHULRULQPHGLDWRGHODQLOORSHULIpULFR³HQORVOtPLWHVGHOD]RQDXUEDQDGHODFLXGDGGH0pULGD³FRPRRWUDGHOH[WHULRUFRQWLJXRGHOPLVPR
18 El sur profundo de Mérida
Figura 1. Zona de la ciudad donde se ubican las colonias elegidas ( ).
(Fuente: Dr. José Fuentes Gómez).
19Introducción
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Foto 1. Imagen aérea de la zona de estudio. (Fuente: Google Earth, 2011).
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20 El sur profundo de Mérida
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Foto 2. Terreno baldío en los límites de San Luis Sur Dzununcán.
;&ƵĞŶƚĞWƌŽŐƌĂŵĂ:ƵǀĞŶƚƵĚLJSociedad).
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21Introducción
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Foto 3. Tienda. (Fuente: Programa :ƵǀĞŶƚƵĚLJ^ŽĐŝĞĚĂĚͿ
Foto 4. Expendio de cerveza. (Fuente: Programa Juventud LJ^ŽĐŝĞĚĂĚͿ
22 El sur profundo de Mérida
Foto 5. Lechería. (Fuente: Programa
:ƵǀĞŶƚƵĚLJ^ŽĐŝĞĚĂĚͿ
Foto 6. Estanquillo. (Fuente:
Programa Juventud LJ^ŽĐŝĞĚĂĚͿ
Foto 8. Tienda de materiales
de construcción. (Fuente: Programa Juventud
LJ^ŽĐŝĞĚĂĚͿ
Foto 7. dŽƌƟůůĞƌşĂ;&ƵĞŶƚĞWƌŽŐƌĂŵĂ
:ƵǀĞŶƚƵĚLJ^ŽĐŝĞĚĂĚͿ
23Introducción
De todos los giros comerciales, destacan por su número las tien-GDVGHDEDUURWHV'HODVH[LVWHQWHVVHHQFXHQWUDQHQ6DQ$QWRQLR;·OXFK,,,\HQ6DQ/XLV6XU']XQXQFiQ'LVWULEXLGRVHTXLWDWLYDPHQ-WHHQDPEDVFRORQLDVVHUHJLVWUDQORQFKHUtDVQXHYHVDODVGHÀHVWDVRFKRWDOOHUHVPHFiQLFRVRFKRUHIUHVTXHUtDVFKDWDUUHUtDV\SROOHUtDVHV-WDV~OWLPDVSUHGRPLQDQHQODFRORQLD6DQ$QWRQLR;·OXFK,,,TXHDOEHUJDVLHWHGHODVRFKRH[LVWHQWHVVLHWHDVDGHURV\VHLVUDQFKRV'HORVDVDGH-URVGHSROOR\FRVWLOODVKD\GRVHVWDEOHFLPLHQWRVIRUPDOHVHQ6DQ$QWR-QLR;·OXFK,,,\FLQFRHQ6DQ/XLV6XU']XQXQFiQ2WURVDVDGHURVVyORH[SHQGHQORVÀQHVGHVHPDQDRELHQHQHVSDFLRVQRIRUPDOHVODVDFHUDVGHODFDOOHVLQRFXSDUXQSUHGLRHQSDUWLFXODU/DFULDQ]DGHDQLPDOHVWDPELpQVHSUDFWLFDGHIRUPDHYHQWXDOHQDOJXQRVSDWLRVSDUWLFXODUHV6LQHPEDUJRHQODPXHVWUDHOHJLGDQRKXERQLQJ~QSURGXFWRUSHFXDULR (QFDGDFRORQLDKD\XQEDOQHDULRSDUDHOS~EOLFRHQJHQHUDOHOPiVYLVLEOHTXHRIUHFHFODVHVGHQDWDFLyQHVWiHQHOVHFWRUHORWURXELFDGRHQHOVHFWRUHQXQDFDOOHUXPERDOSHULIpULFRWLHQHHOLQFRQYHQLHQWHGHestar rodeado de un terreno EDOGtR/DYHQWDGHSHULyGLFRVSRUVXSDUWHQRVHUHDOL]DHQQLQJ~QHVWDEOHFLPLHQWRRÀFLDO/DSHUVRQDTXHWLHQHODFRQFHVLyQVHFRORFDGHEDMRGHOSXHQWHGHOSHULIpULFRVREUHODFDOOHGRQGHYHQGHDGHPiVGHORVSHULyGLFRVMXJRVQDWXUDOHV/DVGRVFRORQLDVFDUHFHQGHIDUPDFLDVSRU ORTXHVXVKDELWDQWHVHQFDVRGHQHFHVLGDGWLHQHQTXHWUDVODGDUVHDODYHFLQDFRORQLD(PLOLDQR=DSDWD6XUDODFDOOHRKDVWDHOFHQWURGH0pULGD7DPSRFRFXHQWDQFRQFRQVXOWRULRVPp-GLFRVSULYDGRV(VWRHVLPSRUWDQWHSRUTXHLQFOXVRTXLHQHVWLHQHQ6HJX-UR6RFLDOR6HJXUR3RSXODUGHELGRDOVHUYLFLRGHÀFLHQWHTXHRIUHFHQORVKRVSLWDOHVGHOVHFWRUS~EOLFRVHYHQREOLJDGRVDUHFXUULUD ODPHGLFLQDSULYDGDGHPDQHUDTXHWLHQHQTXHWUDVODGDUVHFRQHOFRVWRDGLFLRQDOTXHHOORLPSOLFDKDVWDHOFHQWURGH0pULGDGRQGHHVWiQODV)DUPDFLDV6LPL-ODUHVTXHRIUHFHQFRQVXOWDVPpGLFDVDXQFRVWRGHSHVRV\YHQGHQORVPHGLFDPHQWRVDEDMRVSUHFLRV (VWDV FRORQLDV UHJLVWUDQ GLIHUHQFLDV HQ LQIUDHVWUXFWXUD \ VHUYLFLRV3RUHMHPSORPLHQWUDV6DQ/XLV6XU']XQXQFiQWLHQHFDUSLQWHUtDVFHUYH-
24 El sur profundo de Mérida
FHUtDVERGHJDV\ORQFKHUtDV6DQ$QWRQLR;·/XFK,,,FXHQWDFRQVHUYLFLRVTXHQRWLHQHODSULPHUDFRPRJDVROLQHUDSDQDGHUtDFLEHUFDIpVHVWDQFLDLQIDQWLOVDOyQGHEHOOH]D\HVFXHODSUHSDUDWRULDHQWUHRWURV2WUDGLIHUHQFLDVRQ ODV VDODVGHÀHVWDV ODVFXDOHVVHHQFXHQWUDQSDUWLFXODUPHQWHHQ6DQ/XLV6XU']XQXQFiQHQWHUUHQRVFHUFDQRVDOSHULIpULFR$GHPiVVLELHQDPEDVFRORQLDVFXHQWDQFRQXQSDUTXHYHU)RWRV\HOGH6DQ/XLV6XU']XQXQFiQ HV HOPiV FRQFXUULGR VREUH WRGR ORV ÀQHV GH VHPDQDcuando se instalan tianguis para la venta de diversos productos, principal-PHQWHURSD\DOLPHQWRV3RUVXSDUWH6DQ$QWRQLR;·OXFK,,,FXHQWDFRQOD8QLGDG'HSRUWLYD GHO 6XU YHU )RWR LQDXJXUDGD HQ )XH FRQVWUXLGD HQ
Foto 9. Parque Sn. Antonio X’luch III (Fuente: Programa Juventud
LJ^ŽĐŝĞĚĂĚͿ
Foto 10. Parque Sn. Luis S. Dzununcán
(Fuente: Programa Juventud LJ^ŽĐŝĞĚĂĚͿ
25Introducción
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/DV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV PHQFLRQDGDV DQWHULRUPHQWH PXHVWUDQ TXH ODVcolonias de estudio se parecen en algunos aspectos tanto entre sí como con otras colonias del sur de Mérida, según lo reportan otras investigacio-QHVH[LVWHQWHVSHM*DUFtD*LO2OLYD3HxD\2UWL]3HFKSHURWDP-ELpQSUHVHQWDQSDUWLFXODULGDGHVSURSLDVVLJQRGHXQDGLYHUVLGDGSUHVHQWH\TXHMXVWLÀFDQODUHDOL]DFLyQGHXQGLDJQyVWLFRHVSHFtÀFRGHODVFRORQLDVFRQHOÀQGHTXHHOWUDEDMRIXWXURHVWpEDVDGRHQLQIRUPDFLyQDFWXDOL]DGDVREUHODVPLVPDV
Foto 11. hŶŝĚĂĚĞƉŽƌƟǀĂĚĞů^Ƶƌen San Antonio X’luch III. (Fuente: Programa Juventud LJ^ŽĐŝĞĚĂĚͿ
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EOGLDJQyVWLFRVHGHÀQHFRPRHOSURFHVRGHHODERUDFLyQ\VLVWHPDWL]D-FLyQGHLQIRUPDFLyQVREUHODVFRQGLFLRQHVH[LVWHQWHVSUREOHPDVQHFHVL-GDGHViUHDVGHRSRUWXQLGDGLQWHUHVHVGHQWURGHXQFRQWH[WRHVSHFtÀFRen este caso, las familias de las dos colonias, sus factores determinantes, FRQGLFLRQDQWHV GH SURWHFFLyQ \ GH ULHVJR \ ODV WHQGHQFLDV SUHYLVLEOHVGHPDQWHQHUVH ODV FRQGLFLRQHV UHLQDQWHV DVt FRPRDTXHOODVTXHSXHGDQFRDG\XYDUDXQSRVLEOHFDPELRVRFLDO(OSUHVHQWHGLDJQyVWLFRFRPSUHQGHXQSURFHVRGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQDSOLFDGDTXHQRVyORWLHQHODLQWHQFLyQGHFR-QRFHUODVLWXDFLyQ\FDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHHVWDVIDPLOLDVVLQRWDPELpQHOSURSy-VLWRGHGLVHxDUHLPSOHPHQWDUDFFLRQHVDSDUWLUGHODSDUWLFLSDFLyQGLUHFWDGHORVSURSLRVDFWRUHVVRFLDOHV(QRWUDVSDODEUDVVHSUHWHQGHJHQHUDUXQFRQRFLPLHQWRDPSOLRSDUDDSDUWLUGHpOSRGHUDFWXDU\DVHDPRGLÀFDQGRRPDQWHQLHQGRDOJ~QDVSHFWRGHODUHDOLGDGVRFLDO (O´FRQRFHUSDUDDFWXDUµFRQVWLWX\HHOSULQFLSLRIXQGDPHQWDOTXHGHWHUPLQD OD QHFHVLGDG GH UHDOL]DU XQ GLDJQyVWLFR VDEHU TXp SDVD SDUDVDEHUTXpKDFHU $JXLODU ,GixH]\$QGHU(JJ VLHPSUH WRPDQGRen cuenta la opinión y participación de las personas en el reconocimiento \ODDWHQFLyQGHVXVSUREOHPDV\QHFHVLGDGHV(OFRQRFLPLHQWRDGTXLULGRDWUDYpVGHOGLDJQyVWLFRSHUPLWHHVWDEOHFHUSULRULGDGHV\DSDUWLUGHHOODVGLVHxDUHLPSOHPHQWDUHVWUDWHJLDVGHDFFLyQGHWHUPLQDQGRGHDQWHPDQRVXJUDGRGHYLDELOLGDG\IDFWLELOLGDGHQIXQFLyQGHORVUHFXUVRV\PHGLRVGLVSRQLEOHVDVtFRPRGHODVIXHU]DV\DFWRUHVVRFLDOHVLQYROXFUDGRV3RUHOWLSRGHLQIRUPDFLyQTXHVHFRQVLGHUDLPSRUWDQWHREWHQHUHQWpUPLQRVGHSURPRFLyQ\QRVyORGHSUHYHQFLyQHVWH´FRQRFHUSDUDDFWXDUµQRVyORFRQOOHYDODLGHQWLÀFDFLyQGHORVSUREOHPDVVRFLRHFRQyPLFRVRGHODVHQ-IHUPHGDGHVItVLFDVVLQRWDPELpQHODERUGDMHLQWHJUDOGHOIHQyPHQRVRFLDOincluyendo sus elementos positivos como lo son los recursos e intereses TXHWLHQHQODVSHUVRQDVRODVFRPXQLGDGHV
30 El sur profundo de Mérida
$VtHOGLDJQyVWLFRHVXQQH[RRELVDJUDHQWUHODLQYHVWLJDFLyQ\ODSOD-QHDFLyQSURJUDPDFLyQ$JXLODU,GDxH]\$QGHU(JJWRGDYH]TXHXWLOL]DORVUHVXOWDGRVGHXQDLQYHVWLJDFLyQDSOLFDGDGHFDUDDODDFFLyQSUHYLDUHDOL]DFLyQGHXQSURFHVRGHDQiOLVLV\ VtQWHVLV VREUH ODV VLWXDFLRQHVH[LV-WHQWHV$GTXLHUHVXVLJQLÀFDGRPiVSOHQRHQODPHGLGDHQTXHFRPSUHQGHXQDDGHFXDGDFRQWH[WXDOL]DFLyQGHODVLWXDFLyQGLDJQRVWLFDGDTXHDVXYH]permite planear estrategias en función de las condiciones presentes en la FRPXQLGDGFRQHOÀQGHFRQWULEXLUDOELHQHVWDUELRSVLFRVRFLDOGHORVLQGLYL-GXRV\JUXSRV\HQJHQHUDOPHMRUDUODFDOLGDGGHYLGDGHODSREODFLyQ (OGLDJQyVWLFRUHDOL]DGRFRPRVHKDGLFKRWXYRFRPRÀQREWHQHUXQFRQRFLPLHQWRDPSOLR\JHQHUDOGHODVIDPLOLDVTXHKDELWDQHQODVFR-ORQLDV6DQ$QWRQLR;·OXFK,,,\6DQ/XLV6XU']XQXQFiQDVtFRPRGDUcuenta de la infraestructura física de éstas, las características sociodemo-JUiÀFDV\HFRQyPLFDVORVSUREOHPDVVRFLDOHV\QHFHVLGDGHVTXHHQIUHQWDQHQGLIHUHQWHVHVIHUDVSHMHGXFDFLyQ\VDOXGODViUHDVGHRSRUWXQLGDGHLQWHUHVHVSUHVHQWHVHQVXYLGDFRWLGLDQD\ODVHVWUDWHJLDVTXHKDQYHQLGRGHVDUUROODQGRGHPDQHUD LQGLYLGXDORFROHFWLYDSDUDHOPHMRUDPLHQWRGHVXVFRQGLFLRQHVGHYLGD (OGLDJQyVWLFRWXYRODYLUWXGGHFRQMXQWDUVDEHUHV\PHWRGRORJtDVSDUWLFXODUHVGH FDGDGLVFLSOLQDSDUWLFLSDQWH 6XV UHVXOWDGRVSHUPLWLUiQ DOHTXLSRGHWUDEDMRGHVGHVXVGLYHUVDVGLVFLSOLQDV\GHPDQHUDLQWHJUDOHOD-ERUDUSUR\HFWRV WDQWRFROHJLDGRVGH LQYHVWLJDFLyQDSOLFDGDFRPRGH LQ-WHUYHQFLyQ VRFLDO \ FRPXQLWDULDPLVPRV TXH MXQWR FRQ ODV DFWLYLGDGHVGRFHQWHVFXUULFXODUHV\QRFXUULFXODUHVLPSDFWHQGHPDQHUDIDYRUDEOHHQODYLGDGH ORVKDELWDQWHVGHHVWDVFRORQLDVPHULGDQDVSULQFLSDOPHQWHHQORVMyYHQHV(QHVWHVHQWLGRVHHVSHUDTXHHOGLDJQyVWLFRFRDG\XYHMXQWRcon las autoridades correspondientes, a la formulación de un modelo de LQWHUYHQFLyQFDSD]GHVHUWUDQVIHULEOHDOPHQRVHQSDUWHDRWUDVFRORQLDVFRQFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVVRFLRHFRQyPLFDVVLPLODUHV
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Método
Objetivos
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Selección de los ejes de información6HOOHYyDFDERXQSURFHVRGHJHQHUDFLyQ\VLVWHPDWL]DFLyQGHODLQIRUPD-FLyQFRQEDVHHQORVVLJXLHQWHVHMHVGDWRVVRFLRGHPRJUiÀFRV\HFRQyPL-FRVGH ORVKDELWDQWHV LQIUDHVWUXFWXUD\VHUYLFLRVYLYLHQGDVDOXGItVLFD\SVLFRVRFLDOHGXFDFLyQDVSHFWRVVRFLRSROtWLFRV\DVSHFWRVMXUtGLFRV
32 El sur profundo de Mérida
Elaboración del diagnóstico 'HDFXHUGRFRQ$VWRUJD\9DQGHU%LMO*yPH]GHO&DPSR(VWUDGD\$QGHU(JJSDUDUHDOL]DUXQGLDJQyVWLFRVHUHTXLHUHWRPDUHQFXHQWDXQDVHULHGHSDVRVFRQHOÀQGHSUHFLVDUORVGLYHUVRVDVSHFWRVDFRQVLGHUDUHQIXQFLyQGHOREMHWLYRJHQHUDO5HWRPDQGRHVWRVSODQWHDPLHQ-WRVVHVLJXLHURQORVSDVRVTXHDFRQWLQXDFLyQVHHQOLVWDQ
Delimitación del objeto de estudio
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Elaborar un plan diagnóstico
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Acopio de la información
(QHVWDIDVHVHSXVLHURQHQSUiFWLFDODVDFWLYLGDGHVSODQHDGDV6HWUDEDMycon fuentes primarias y secundarias en las siguientes tareas:
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34 El sur profundo de Mérida
3DUDIDFLOLWDUODRSHUDWLYLGDG\FRQWUROGHODVDFWLYLGDGHVGHOPDSHR\GLVWULEXLUHOQ~PHURGHFDVDVTXHFDGDSDUWLFLSDQWHGHEtDYLVLWDUSDUDODaplicación de las entrevistas y los cuestionarios, las colonias se dividieron HQRFKRVHFWRUHVFDGDXQRFRQXQQ~PHURVLPLODUGHPDQ]DQDVHQWUH\'RVVHFWRUHVVHXELFDURQHQ6DQ$QWRQLR;·OXFK,,,\ORVVHLVUHV-WDQWHVHQ6DQ/XLV6XU']XQXQFiQYHU)LJXUD
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36 El sur profundo de Mérida
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(QHVWH WUDEDMRSURSRQHPRVGHÀQLU D OD LGHQWLGDGpWQLFDFRPRDTXHOODFX\DSHUWHQHQFLD VHIXQGDPHQWDHQXQD´LGHQWLGDGQDWXUDOµHVGHFLUTXHVHGDSRUQDFLPLHQWRSRUORTXHWLHQHXQDQWHSDVDGR\GHVFHQGHQFLDFRP~QTXHFRPSDUWHSRUHVHPLVPRKHFKRXQDPLVPDFXOWXUDOHQJXDUHOLJLyQ\FRVWXPEUHV7LHQHXQDFRQWLQXLGDGKLVWyULFD\WHPSRUDOTXHVHDQFODHQODWUDGLFLyQ*LPpQH]0RQWLHO
*UiÀFD'LVWULEXFLyQGHORVLQWHJUDQWHVde las familias de acuerdo a la OHQJXDTXHKDEODQ)XHQWH
(ODERUDFLyQSURSLD
76 El sur profundo de Mérida
'HORVGDWRVH[SXHVWRVHQODJUiÀFDDQWHULRUVHSXHGHLQIHULUHOHV-WDGRTXHJXDUGDODOHQJXDPD\DHQ<XFDWiQ8QDOHQJXDTXHVHUHVLVWHDPRULUDSHVDUGHODSUHVLyQGHODFXOWXUDXUEDQDTXHREOLJDDODVSHUVRQDVDFRPXQLFDUVHDGLDULRHQHVSDxRO8QDGHODVUD]RQHVPiVSRGHURVDVSRUODVTXHPXFKRVKDEODQWHVGHPD\DQLHJDQVDEHUODUDGLFDHQODGLVFULPLQDFLyQGHODTXHVRQREMHWRTXLHQHVODKDEODQSRUSDUWHGHHPSOHDGRUHVFRPSD-xHURVGHWUDEDMRRGHHVFXHODHWFTXHORVHWLTXHWDQFRPRLQGLRV(QFRQ-VHFXHQFLDORVKDEODQWHVGHPD\DRSWDQSRUFRPXQLFDUVHORPHQRVSRVLEOHHQHVWDOHQJXD\VHUHPLWHQDXWLOL]DUODVyORFXDQGRHVWiQFRQDPLJRVRHQHOLQWHULRUGHOKRJDU (VQHFHVDULRGHVWDFDUTXHHVWRVGDWRVUHVXOWDQFRQWUDGLFWRULRVFRQORV UHIHUHQWHVD ORVDSHOOLGRV\DTXHPLHQWUDVHOWLHQHFXDQGRPH-QRVXQDSHOOLGRPD\D~QLFDPHQWHHOGHHOORVVDEHKDEODU OD OHQJXDPD\D(VWDVLWXDFLyQKDFHVXSRQHUTXHODVIDPLOLDVGHRULJHQPD\DHVWiQviviendo un proceso de pérdida de algunos elementos culturales, como la OHQJXDPDWHUQD$SURSyVLWRGHHVWDSUREOHPiWLFDTXHQRHVQRYHGRVDGHVGHKDFHDOJ~QWLHPSRVREUHWRGRDSDUWLUGHODxRHOGLVFXUVRGHOJRELHUQR\GHGLYHUVDVLQVWLWXFLRQHVVHKDHQIRFDGRHQHOUHVFDWH\GLIXVLyQGHODFXOWXUDPD\D+DVWDKR\QRREVWDQWHODVDFFLRQHV\SURJUDPDVLP-SOHPHQWDGRVQRKDQVLGRVXÀFLHQWHVSDUDUHYDORUDUODFXOWXUDPD\DHQVXMXVWDGLPHQVLyQ\UHLYLQGLFDUVXLGHQWLGDG En esta investigación se consideraron el apellido y la lengua como ORVLQGLFDGRUHVPiVVLJQLÀFDWLYRVSDUDFRQRFHUHORULJHQpWQLFRGHORVHQ-WUHYLVWDGRVSHUR HVQHFHVDULRXQ HVWXGLRPiVSURIXQGRTXH FRQWHPSOHRWURVHOHPHQWRVFXOWXUDOHVWDOHVFRPRODVWUDGLFLRQHVTXHKDQSHUGXUDGR\VLJXHQVLHQGRSDUWHLPSRUWDQWHHQODUHSURGXFFLyQVRFLDOGHORVKDELWDQWHVGHHVWDVFRORQLDVPHULGDQDV(VFODURTXHD~QIDOWDQPXFKDVLQWHUURJDQWHVSRUUHVROYHUHQPDWHULDGHFXOWXUDSRUORTXHHQHVWXGLRVSRVWHULRUHVVHUH-TXHULUiLQFOXLUPiVYDULDEOHVTXHODVHPSOHDGDVHQHOSUHVHQWHGLDJQyVWLFRDÀQGHFRQRFHUGHTXpPDQHUDLPSDFWDODFXOWXUDXUEDQDHQODWUDGLFLRQDORFyPRFRQYLYHQDPEDVHQHOVHQRGHODVFRORQLDVGHOVXUGH0pULGD
77ƐƉĞĐƚŽƐƐŽĐŝŽĚĞŵŽŐƌĄĮĐŽƐLJĞĐŽŶſŵŝĐŽƐ
Aspectos económicos$SDUWLUGHOD~OWLPDGpFDGDGHOVLJOR;;LQLFLyXQSURFHVRGHWUDQVIRUPD-FLyQHFRQyPLFDGHODHUDLQGXVWULDODODHUDGHOFRQRFLPLHQWR(VWDWUDQ-VLFLyQKDGDGROXJDUDFDPELRVSURIXQGRVHQQXHVWURPRGXVYLYHQGLTXHUHVSRQGHQDXQQXHYRPRGHORODERUDOFRQODLPSRVLFLyQGHGHWHUPLQDGDVIRUPDVGHLQVHUFLyQ\GHFRQWUDWDFLyQSRUSDUWHGHORVHPSOHDGRUHV(QODDFWXDOLGDGGHDFXHUGRD0DFtQVHHVWLPDTXHHOGHODSREODFLyQHFRQyPLFDPHQWHDFWLYD3($GH0p[LFRHVGHFLUDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHXQPLOOyQGHSHUVRQDVVHHQFXHQWUDWUDEDMDQGREDMRHOPRGHORGHoutsourcing, FX\DSUiFWLFDFUHFHHQ0p[LFRDULWPRGHODQXDOHOFXDOGHVSRMDSUiF-WLFDPHQWHDORVWUDEDMDGRUHVGHODVHJXULGDGODERUDO\HQODJUDQPD\RUtDGHORVFDVRVLQFOXVRGHODVSUHVWDFLRQHVEiVLFDV\GHOH\FRPRODVHJXULGDGVRFLDO(VWHSUREOHPDVHUHFUXGHFHUiFRQODGLVPLQXFLyQUHDOGHODVSUHV-WDFLRQHV OHJDOL]DGDDWUDYpVGH OD5HIRUPDD OD/H\)HGHUDOGHO7UDEDMR, DSUREDGDHQ (QHVWHPLVPRVHQWLGRHOSUREOHPDGHOGHVHPSOHRWDPELpQGHVHP-SHxDXQSDSHOIXQGDPHQWDOHQODSUREOHPiWLFDVRFLDOGHOSDtV\GHQXHVWURHVWDGR'HDFXHUGRFRQHO,1(*,ODWDVDGHGHVRFXSDFLyQQDFLRQDOSDUDHOPHVGHGLFLHPEUHGHIXHGH\GHSDUD<XFDWiQ6LQHPEDUJRHVWHSRUFHQWDMHHQDSDULHQFLDWDQEDMRSDUDHOSDtV\VREUHWRGRSDUDHOHVWDGRUHVXOWDHQJDxRVRWRGDYH]TXHHQ0p[LFRXQDSHUVRQDTXHUHFLEHLQJUHVRVSRUHMHPSORFRPROLPSLDSDUDEULVDVHQORVVHPiIRURVGHlas avenidas, se considera empleada, aun cuando no sea un empleo formal FRQODVSUHVWDFLRQHVGHOH\3RUHOORDOSRUFHQWDMHGHGHVRFXSDFLyQUHSRU-WDGRSDUD<XFDWiQKDEUtD TXH VXPDUOH HO FRUUHVSRQGLHQWH D ORVWUDEDMDGRUHV LQIRUPDOHVGHDFXHUGRFRQ OD LQIRUPDFLyQTXHDO UHVSHFWRDSRUWDODPLVPDLQVWLWXFLyQ $~QPiVHQODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQGHHVDLQIRUPDFLyQKDEUtDTXHWRPDUHQFXHQWDGRVDVSHFWRV/D WDVDGH VXERFXSDFLyQGHORUGHQGHnacional, de acuerdo con la misma fuente, sumada a la tasa de desocupación \DODGHRFXSDFLyQHQDFWLYLGDGHVLQIRUPDOHVDUURMDXQDWDVDGHOGHOD3($QDFLRQDOTXHQRFXHQWDFRQODVFRQGLFLRQHVODERUDOHVPtQLPDVGHOH\
78 El sur profundo de Mérida
/DVSHUVRQDVTXHFXHQWDQFRQXQWUDEDMRIRUPDOQHFHVLWDUtDQXQLQJUHVRHTXLYDOHQWHDYHFHVHOVDODULRPtQLPRJHQHUDOGHOiUHDJHRJUiÀFDFRUUHV-SRQGLHQWHSDUDDFFHGHUDOQLYHOGHFDOLGDGGHYLGDTXHPDUFDQORVSUHFHSWRVFRQVWLWXFLRQDOHVVHJ~QXQHVWXGLRGHO2EVHUYDWRULRGHO6DODULR-XVWR 3DUDHOFDVRHVSHFtÀFRGH<XFDWiQVLDSOLFDPRVORVFULWHULRVPHQFLR-QDGRVDQWHULRUPHQWHGHEHUtDPRVPXOWLSOLFDUSHVRVGHVDODULRPtQLPRDSUREDGRHQGLFLHPEUHGHSRUFLQFRYHFHVSDUDDOFDQ]DUSHVRVPHQVXDOHV'HDFXHUGRFRQORVSDUiPHWURVGHPHGLFLyQGHODSREUH]DHOLQJUHVRSRUGHEDMRGHSHVRVVHFDWDORJDHQHOQLYHOGHSREUH]DH[-WUHPDTXHGDQGR<XFDWiQDSHQDVSRUHQFLPDGHHVWDOtQHD&RQWRGRKDEUtDTXHPXOWLSOLFDUGLFKRLQJUHVRSRUGRVSDUDOOHJDUDORVSHVRVDÀQGHVXSHUDUHOXPEUDOGHSREUH]D\FRQVLGHUDUVHQRSREUH6HJ~QORVFUL-WHULRVPDQHMDGRVHQ(VWDGRV8QLGRVXQDIDPLOLDTXHJDQDPHQRVGHGyODUHVDQXDOHVHVFRQVLGHUDGDSREUHQRREVWDQWHDHVWDFDQWLGDG³TXHFRQYHUWLGDDPRQHGDQDFLRQDOVHUtDGHPiVGHSHVRVPHQVXDOHV³VyORXQSHTXHxRSRUFHQWDMHGHPH[LFDQRVSXHGHDFFHGHU 'HDFXHUGRFRQORVFULWHULRVGHO%DQFR0XQGLDORWUDIRUPDGHFOD-VLÀFDUODSREUH]DHVFRPSDUDUORVLQJUHVRVFRQVXHTXLYDOHQFLDHQGyODUHVHVWDGXQLGHQVHV$Vt HQ WpUPLQRVJHQHUDOHVXQD IDPLOLD VH HQFXHQWUD HQSREUH]DFXDQGRVXVLQJUHVRVVRQGHKDVWDGyODUHVDOGtDSRUSHUVRQD\HQSREUH]DH[WUHPDFXDQGRVRQGHKDVWDGyODUGLDULRSRUSHUVRQD6LQHPEDUJRFRPRVHSXHGHREVHUYDUHVWHFULWHULRVyORFRQVLGHUDHO´SURPH-GLRGLDULRµFXDQGRODUHDOLGDGHVTXHHOLQJUHVRGHODJUDQPD\RUtDGHTXLH-QHVYLYHQHQHVWDVFRQGLFLRQHVFRPSUHQGHHOGHQRPLQDGR´WULSOHUHYpVµ5XWKHUIRUG,QJUHVRVEDMRV,QJUHVRVLQVHJXURVHVGHFLUQRVDEHUKDVWDFXiQGRVHWHQGUiQ\7HPSRUDOLGDGLQFLHUWDGHOLQJUHVRHVGHFLUVHUHFLEHSRUpSRFDVSHURHQRWUDVQR/RDQWHULRUVLJQLÀFDTXHHQHOFDVRGHSHUVRQDVTXHYLYHQFRQGyODUHVDOGtDVHDVXPHTXHGLVSRQHQGHHVHGLQHURFDGDGtDFXDQGRHQODPD\RUtDGHORVFDVRVQRHVDVt 3RURWURODGRHVWHWpUPLQRDOXGHDODH[LVWHQFLDGHXQDJUDQGHVLJXDO-GDGVRFLDOHQWUHVHUHVKXPDQRVTXHHQSULQFLSLRVHDGYLHUWHHQWRUQRDODSREUH]DHFRQyPLFDSHURpVWDHVVyORXQFRPSRQHQWHGHXQSUREOHPDPX-
79ƐƉĞĐƚŽƐƐŽĐŝŽĚĞŵŽŐƌĄĮĐŽƐLJĞĐŽŶſŵŝĐŽƐ
FKRPiVSURIXQGR-XVWDPHQWHXQDPHGLFLyQGHODSREUH]DFRQEDVHHQORVLQJUHVRVGHVDUUROODGDSRUHO&RQVHMR1DFLRQDOGH(YDOXDFLyQGHOD3ROtWLFDGH'HVDUUROOR6RFLDO&21(9$/ODFODVLÀFDHQWUHVGLPHQVLRQHV Pobreza alimentaria&XDQGRVHSUHVHQWDODLQFDSDFLGDGGHREWHQHUODFDQDVWDEiVLFDDXQFRPSURPHWLHQGRWRGRVORVLQJUHVRVSDUDHOOR$RFWX-EUHGHODYDOXDFLyQGHHVWDFDQDVWDUHSUHVHQWySRUSHUVRQDDOPHV\SHVRVSDUDHOiUHDXUEDQD\UXUDOUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH Pobreza de capacidades&XDQGRVHSUHVHQWDODLPSRVLELOLGDGGHREWH-QHUVLPXOWiQHDPHQWHODFDQDVWDEiVLFDDOLPHQWDULDPiVORVVHUYLFLRVGHVD-OXG\HGXFDFLyQDXQFRQVLGHUDQGRWRGRVORVLQJUHVRVSDUDHOOR$RFWXEUHGHODYDOXDFLyQSDUDHOORUHSUHVHQWySRUSHUVRQDDOPHV\SHVRVSDUDHOiUHDXUEDQD\UXUDOUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH Pobreza patrimonial &XDQGR VH SUHVHQWD OD LQFDSDFLGDG GH REWHQHUVLPXOWiQHDPHQWHODFDQDVWDEiVLFDDOLPHQWDULDORVVHUYLFLRVGHVDOXG\HGX-FDFLyQPiVORVGHYLYLHQGD\WUDQVSRUWHDXQFRQVLGHUDQGRWRGRVORVLQ-JUHVRVSDUDHOOR &RQ EDVH HQ OR H[SXHVWR DQWHULRUPHQWH \ VLJXLHQGR D $U]DWHHQHVWHWUDEDMRVXVWHQWDGRHQODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHODVIDPLOLDVGHODVFRORQLDVGHHVWXGLRVHWRPDXQFRQFHSWRPiVVLVWpPLFRGHSREUH]DHQWHQGLpQGRODFRPRXQ´VLVWHPDVRFLDOGHYXOQHUDELOLGDGµ&RPRVHYHUiDFRQWLQXDFLyQODVFRQGLFLRQHVHFRQyPLFDVGHHVWDVIDPLOLDVOOHYDQDXEL-FDUODVGHQWURGHOQLYHOGHSREUH]D
Ámbito laboralProveedores económicos
$SDUWLUGH ORVHVWXGLRVGH+iELWDWHQ OD]RQD OD MHIDWXUDGH ORVKRJDUHVentendida ésta en función de su condición de proveedor económico, es pre-GRPLQDQWHPHQWHPDVFXOLQDHQXQ\IHPHQLQDHOUHVWDQWH$GH-PiVHOGHORVKRJDUHVFXHQWDFRQPiVGHXQSURYHHGRUHFRQyPLFR/DVLJXLHQWHWDEODLOXVWUDODUHODFLyQGHSURYHHGRUHVHFRQyPLFRVFRQHOQ~PHURGHPLHPEURVGHODIDPLOLD7RUUHV*yQJRUD\9HUGH&DxHWDV
80 El sur profundo de Mérida
Tabla 1. Relación de proveedores económicos con el número de miembros de la familia.
)XHQWH(ODERUDFLyQSURSLDDSDUWLUGH7RUUHV*yQJRUD\9HUGH&DxHWDV
'HODOHFWXUDGHODWDEODDQWHULRUVHDGYLHUWHTXHODPD\RUIUHFXHQFLDVHHQFXHQWUDHQXQVyORSURYHHGRU\FXDWURPLHPEURVGHODIDPLOLDUHJLVWURVVHJXLGDGHXQSURYHHGRUFRQPLHPEURVGHODIDPLOLDUH-JLVWURV\HQWHUFHUOXJDUXQVyORSURYHHGRUFRQPLHPEURVGHODIDPLOLDUHJLVWURV6HDVXPHHQWRQFHVSDUDIXWXURVFiOFXORV ODUHODFLyQGHPD\RUIUHFXHQFLDHVGHFLUODGHSURYHHGRUSRUPLHPEURVIDPLOLDUHVGHSHQGLHQWHVHFRQyPLFDPHQWH(VGH OODPDU OD DWHQFLyQ ODYDULHGDGGHOQ~PHURGHSURYHHGRUHVUHVSHFWRDOQ~PHURGHPLHPEURVGHODIDPLOLD
Ocupación&RQEDVHHQORVUHVXOWDGRVREWHQLGRVGHODVGRVFRORQLDVVHLGHQWLÀFyTXHHOGHODVSHUVRQDVHQHGDGODERUDOGHDDxRVUHFLEHDOJ~QWLSRGHUHPXQHUDFLyQSRUGHVHPSHxDUXQWUDEDMRXRÀFLR'HHVWHWRWDOGHWUD-EDMDGRUHVHOVHXELFDHQRFXSDFLRQHVUHODWLYDPHQWHHVWDEOHVHVGHFLU
81ƐƉĞĐƚŽƐƐŽĐŝŽĚĞŵŽŐƌĄĮĐŽƐLJĞĐŽŶſŵŝĐŽƐ
DOPRPHQWRGHODDSOLFDFLyQGHOFXHVWLRQDULRHVWDEDHQXQHPSOHRIRUPDOPLHQWUDVTXHHOUHVWDQWHVHGHGLFDEDDDFWLYLGDGHVGHDXWRHPSOHRDPEXODQWDMHRHPSOHRVLQIRUPDOHV
Empleo(QUHODFLyQFRQODDQWLJHGDGODERUDOHQHO~OWLPRWUDEDMRWHQtDPi[L-PRGRVDxRVHQWUH\DxRV\VHLVDxRVRPiV(OGHODVSHUVRQDVTXHODERUDEDQFRPRHPSOHDGRVQRKDEtDFDPELDGRGHWUDEDMRHQQLQJXQDRFDVLyQ6yORPDQLIHVWyTXHKDEtDFDPELDGRGHWUDEDMRGRVYHFHVHQWUH\YHFHV\PiVGHYHFHV/DLQIRUPDFLyQDQ-WHULRUGHPXHVWUDTXHXQDOWRSRUFHQWDMHGHODSREODFLyQHFRQyPLFDPHQWHDFWLYDSUHVHQWDXQDPRYLOLGDGODERUDOEDVWDQWHEDMD(QHOFDVRGHTXLHQHVKDQFDPELDGRGHRFXSDFLyQHQPiVGHXQDRFDVLyQ ODVUD]RQHVIXHURQGHGLYHUVDtQGROHORKL]RSRUTXHTXHUtDPHMRUDUVXVLQJUHVRVKDEtDVLGRFRQWUDWDGRDSRUXQWLHPSRGHWHUPLQDGRIXHGHVSHGLGRSHUGLyHOWUDEDMRSRUFLHUUHGHODHPSUHVDSRUTXHHOKRUDULRQRVHDFRPRGDEDDVXVQHFHVLGDGHVSRUEXVFDUPHMRUHVSUHVWDFLRQHVODERUD-OHV\SRU~OWLPRSRURWUDVGLYHUVDVUD]RQHVHQSRUFHQWDMHVPHQRUHVDORVUHSRUWDGRV 6REUH HO OXJDUGRQGH ORV WUDEDMDGRUHVSUHVWDQ VXV VHUYLFLRV XQSRUFHQWDMHFRQVLGHUDEOHDÀUPyTXHVHXELFDHQODVSURSLDVFRORQLDVHOHQGLVWLQWDVFRORQLDVGHODFLXGDGGH0pULGDVHGLULJHDGLIH-UHQWHVFRPLVDUtDVGHOPXQLFLSLRPHULGDQRHPLJUDD&DQF~QRWURDRWURVHVWDGRVGHOSDtV\DXQTXHQRUHVXOWyUHSUHVHQWDWLYRFXDQWLWDWLYD-PHQWHPHQRVGHOWUDEDMDHQ(VWDGRV8QLGRV\HQRWURVSDtVHV$VtODHPLJUDFLyQGHKDELWDQWHVGHODVFRORQLDVGHHVWXGLRQRHVXQIHQyPHQRJHQHUDOL]DGRHQFRQFRUGDQFLDFRQTXHVyORXQSHTXHxRQ~PHURGH ORVHQWUHYLVWDGRVDÀUPyFRQWDUFRQDOJ~QSDULHQWHODERUDQGRIXHUDGHOHVWDGR(VWRVPLJUDQWHVSDGUHVHKLMRVVROWHURVTXHSHUPDQHFHQSRUSHUtRGRVHQVXVOXJDUHVGHWUDEDMRDSRUWDQUHFXUVRVHFRQyPLFRVSDUDHOVRVWHQLPLHQWRGHVXVUHVSHFWLYDVIDPLOLDV/RVTXHHVWiQIXHUDGHOSDtVHQYtDQGLQHURD
82 El sur profundo de Mérida
WUDYpVGHGLYHUVRVPHGLRV³FRPRORVVHUYLFLRVRIUHFLGRVSRUODVWLHQGDV(OHNWUD³PLHQWUDVTXHORVTXHODERUDQHQ&DQF~QXRWURHVWDGRFHUFDQRWUDHQSHUVRQDOPHQWHORVUHFXUVRVFDGDVHPDQDRFDGDTXLQFHGtDV (QFXDQWRDODVIRUPDVGHREWHQFLyQGHOHPSOHRUHVXOWDLQWHUHVDQWHGHVWDFDUTXHHOPD\RUSRUFHQWDMHGH ODPXHVWUD PDQLIHVWyKDEHU-ORHQFRQWUDGRSRUFXHQWDSURSLDFRQD\XGDGHSDULHQWHVFRQD\XGDGHDPLJRVDWUDYpVGHFRQWUDWLVWDV\GHRWUDVIRUPDV(VWDLQIRUPDFLyQ LQGLFD TXH ODPD\RUtD EXVFy WUDEDMR D WUDYpV GH GLIHUHQWHVmedios, como anuncios periodísticos o dirigiéndose directamente a los HPSOHDGRUHVPLHQWUDV TXHXQPHQRUSRUFHQWDMH UHFXUULy D OD D\XGDGHSDULHQWHV\FRQRFLGRV
Autoempleo&RPRYLPRVOtQHDVDUULEDODFXDUWDSDUWHGHORVWUDEDMDGRUHVSHUPDQHFHal interior de las colonias donde se ocupan en diversas actividades, gene-UDOPHQWH YLQFXODGDV DO FRPHUFLR HQ VXV SURSLRV KRJDUHV SHUR WDPELpQIXHUDGHHOORV(VWDVDFWLYLGDGHVPXHVWUDQ OD LPSRUWDQFLDTXHHQ ORV~O-WLPRVDxRVKDDGTXLULGRHODXWRHPSOHRHQODHFRQRPtDGHORVKDELWDQWHVGHHVWDVFRORQLDV8QDGHVXVSULQFLSDOHVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVHVHOKHFKRGHTXHellos mismos aportan el capital para la instalación del negocio y la compra GHODPHUFDQFtDDXQTXHWDPELpQHQPHQRUPHGLGDWUDEDMDQSRUFRPL-VLyQFRPRHVHOFDVRGHODYHQWDGHGLYHUVRVSURGXFWRVSRUFDWiORJR(QHVWRVQHJRFLRVIDPLOLDUHVVLELHQXQDSHUVRQDHVODUHVSRQVDEOHGHOOHYDUODVÀQDQ]DV\GHODGHFLVLyQGHODVFRPSUDVGHPHUFDQFtDVHVFRP~QTXHSDUWLFLSHQWDPELpQRWURVLQWHJUDQWHVGHOQ~FOHRIDPLOLDULQFOX\HQGRDORVKLMRV(QWUHORVJLURVFRPHUFLDOHVGHVDUUROODGRV GHQWURGHORVKRJDUHVVHHQFRQWUyXQDJUDQYDULHGDGFRPRORPXHVWUDOD*UiÀFD
83ƐƉĞĐƚŽƐƐŽĐŝŽĚĞŵŽŐƌĄĮĐŽƐLJĞĐŽŶſŵŝĐŽƐ
*UiÀFD'LVWULEXFLyQGHODVDFWLYLGDGHVFRPHUFLDOHVGHVDUUROODGDVSRUORVLQWHJUDQWHVGHODVIDPLOLDV
)XHQWH(ODERUDFLyQSURSLD
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84 El sur profundo de Mérida
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86 El sur profundo de Mérida
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88 El sur profundo de Mérida
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90 El sur profundo de Mérida
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92 El sur profundo de Mérida
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94 El sur profundo de Mérida
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Colonia Sector Casas habitadas
Casas deshabitadas
Casas deshabitadas
Total de lotes por colonia
6DQ$QWRQLR;·OXFKIII
Sector 1Sector 2
1232
12
FDVDVKDELWDGDVFDVDVGHVKDELWDGDVWHUUHQRVEDOGtRV
San Luis Sur ']XQXQ&iQ
Sector 3Sector 46HFWRUSector 66HFWRU6HFWRU
20346
26
13620
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Total 1522 210 143 1875*UiÀFD
&RPSDUDFLyQGHFDVDVKDELWDGDVGHVKDELWDGDV\ORWHVEDOGtRVSRUVHFWRU)XHQWH(ODERUDFLyQSURSLD
98 El sur profundo de Mérida
(QODVGRVFRORQLDVOODPDODDWHQFLyQODH[LVWHQFLDGHFDVDVGHVKDEL-WDGDVSRUTXHODVIDPLOLDVSURYHQLHQWHVGHOPHGLRUXUDOGHRWURVHVWDGRVHLQFOXVLYHGHRWUDVFRORQLDVGHODFLXGDGOOHJDURQSUHFLVDPHQWHHQEXVFDGHXQHVSDFLRGRQGHFRQVWUXLUVXYLYLHQGD\HVWDEOHFHUVH$OUHVSHFWRSXHGHKDEHUYDULDVH[SOLFDFLRQHVHQXQRVFDVRVSXHGHVHUTXHVXVKDELWDQWHVVHIXHURQDUHVLGLUGHPDQHUDWHPSRUDODRWUROXJDUSRUPRWLYRVGHWUDEDMR\HQRWURVTXHVHKD\DQLGRDYLYLUFRQDOJ~QSDULHQWHFRPRXQDHVWUDWHJLDHFRQyPLFD7DPELpQSXHGHGHEHUVHDTXHVHKD\DQ LGRHQEXVFDGHXQQXHYRHVSDFLRTXHFRORQL]DUHVGHFLU´LQYDGLUµWHUUHQRVEDOGtRVHQRWUDVFRORQLDVFHUFDQDV(VWR~OWLPRVHSXGRLQIHULUGHORGLFKRDOUHVSHFWRSRUORVSURSLRVYHFLQRV\UHSUHVHQWDQWHVFODYHVGHODVFRORQLDV 6REUHODVLWXDFLyQOHJDOGHODVYLYLHQGDVKDELWDGDVDÀUPyYL-YLUHQFDVDSURSLDHQFDVDUHQWDGD\HQFDVDSUHVWDGD(OPD\RUSRUFHQWDMHGHIDPLOLDVFRQFDVDSURSLDHQFRPSDUDFLyQFRQODVTXHUHQWDQRSUHVWDQGHPXHVWUDORVHxDODGRHQFXDQWRDOSUHGRPLQLRGHSREODGRUHVRULJLQDOHVTXHHQHIHFWROOHJDURQHQEXVFDGHXQHVSDFLRGRQGHHVWDEOHFHU-
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99WŽůşƟĐĂƐƉƷďůŝĐĂƐLJǀŝǀŝĞŶĚĂ
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100 El sur profundo de Mérida
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101WŽůşƟĐĂƐƉƷďůŝĐĂƐLJǀŝǀŝĞŶĚĂ
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102 El sur profundo de Mérida
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de materiales de construcción GHODVFRFLQDV)XHQWH(ODER-
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103WŽůşƟĐĂƐƉƷďůŝĐĂƐLJǀŝǀŝĞŶĚĂ
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104 El sur profundo de Mérida
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105WŽůşƟĐĂƐƉƷďůŝĐĂƐLJǀŝǀŝĞŶĚĂ
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106 El sur profundo de Mérida
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*UiÀFD%LHQHVPXHEOHV\RWURVVHUYLFLRVHQODVYLYLHQGDVGHODVIDPLOLDV)XHQWH(ODERUDFLyQSURSLD
/RVSDWLRVGHODVYLYLHQGDVFXHQWDQFRQXQDJUDQYDULHGDGGHiUEROHVIUXWDOHV\SODQWDVGHRUQDWR DVt FRPR\HUEDVGHRORUSDUDHOJXLVDGRGHalimentos y otras para el tratamiento de algunos de los padecimientos de VDOXGPiVFRPXQHV1RREVWDQWHWDPELpQVHREVHUYDURQHQPXFKRVSDWLRVGHVSHUGLFLRVRUJiQLFRVDFXPXODGRVFRPRUDPDV\KRMDVDGHPiVGHWRGRWLSRGHWUDVWRVIXHUDGHXVR6XVPRUDGRUHVVHYHQREOLJDGRVDTXHPDUORVGHVSHUGLFLRVRUJiQLFRVTXHQRVRQUHFRJLGRVSRUHOVHUYLFLRGHEDVXUDJUD-WXLWRRGHFXRWDGHO$\XQWDPLHQWRFRQORVFRQVHFXHQWHVSHUMXLFLRVSDUDORVYHFLQRV&RQWRGRWDPELpQKD\TXHUHFRQRFHUTXHVHREVHUYDURQSDWLRVELHQFXLGDGRV\DOJXQRVKDVWDFRQFpVSHGYHU*UiÀFD
107WŽůşƟĐĂƐƉƷďůŝĐĂƐLJǀŝǀŝĞŶĚĂ
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$VLPLVPRVHHQFRQWUyXQSRUFHQWDMHFRQVLGHUDEOHGHKRJDUHVTXHUHDOL]DQDOJXQDVDFWLYLGDGHVDJURSHFXDULDVVREUHWRGRVLHPEUDGHiUEROHVIUXWDOHVSULQFLSDOPHQWHFtWULFRVFUtDGHDQLPDOHVGHWUDVSDWLRSDU-WLFXODUPHQWHDYHV\HQPHQRUPHGLGDFXOWLYRGHKRUWDOL]DV(VSUREDEOHTXHHVWDVDFWLYLGDGHVSURGXFWLYDVHQSDUWHVHDQUHDOL]DGDVHQHOPDUFRGHODLQLFLDWLYDGHGLYHUVDVLQVWLWXFLRQHVTXHVHKDQDERFDGRDODHQVHxDQ]DGHODVWpFQLFDV\ODGRWDFLyQGHVHPLOODVHLQVXPRVDVtFRPRGHLQFHQWLYRVHFRQyPLFRVSDUDHVHÀQ'HFXDOTXLHUPDQHUDHVWDVDFWLYLGDGHVIRUPDQSDUWHGHODVHVWUDWHJLDVHFRQyPLFDVDODVTXHUHFXUUHQODVIDPLOLDV³FRPRVXFHGHHQHOPHGLRUXUDO³SDUDVDWLVIDFHUSDUWHGHVXVQHFHVLGD-GHVDOLPHQWLFLDV&RQWRGRGHDFXHUGRFRQODLQIRUPDFLyQREWHQLGDGHORVFXHVWLRQDULRV\ODVHQWUHYLVWDVUHDOL]DGDVDODVIDPLOLDVVHSXHGHGHFLUTXHODVSROtWLFDVS~EOLFDVGLULJLGDVDLQFHQWLYDUODSURGXFFLyQGHWUDVSDWLRQRKDQGHVSXQWDGRHQHVWDVFRORQLDV (QFDPELRODVSROtWLFDVS~EOLFDVHQIRFDGDVDOPHMRUDPLHQWRGHODVYLYLHQGDV\ OD LQIUDHVWUXFWXUDXUEDQDKDQ ORJUDGRDYDQFHV VLJQLÀFDWLYRV
108 El sur profundo de Mérida
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109WŽůşƟĐĂƐƉƷďůŝĐĂƐLJǀŝǀŝĞŶĚĂ
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110 El sur profundo de Mérida
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$GHPiVGHODVFXRWDVWDPELpQVHOHVSLGHDORVSDGUHVGHIDPLOLDTXHFRODERUHQFRQPDWHULDO GLGiFWLFRSDUDHOWUDEDMRGHORVDOXPQRV\FRQDU-WtFXORVGHDVHRSHUVRQDO/RVVLJXLHQWHVWHVWLPRQLRVUHYHODQODVREMHFLRQHVy el descontento de los padres al respecto:
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140 El sur profundo de Mérida
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142 El sur profundo de Mérida
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148 El sur profundo de Mérida
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150 El sur profundo de Mérida
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152 El sur profundo de Mérida
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1 Enfermedades cardiovasculares 77.6
2 Tumores malignos 60.2
3 Enfermedades alcohólicas y otras del hígado 39.7
4 Diabetes mellitus 38.7
5 Enfermedades cerebrovasculares 37.4
6 Accidentes 30.5
7 Afecciones originadas en el período perinatal 16.2
8 Desnutrición y otras deficiencias nutricionales 11.3
9 Malformaciones congénitas, deformidades y anomalías 10.5
10 Bronquitis crónica, enfisema y asma 9.7
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´«QRUPDOPHQWHHVWRPDUODPD\RUtDGHODVIDPLOLDVGHVJUDFLDGDPHQWHVHMXQWDQSDUDWRPDU$OUDWR\DWHUPLQDURQHQSOHLWR\DVHDJDUUDURQ\DVHGLMHURQTXHVHRGLDQPDxDQD HVWiQ DEDVHGH HVR6iEDGRV \GRPLQJRV HVGtDGHERUUDFKLWRVGHVGHTXHOOHJDQGHWUDEDMDUHVDWRPDUODFDJXDPD\\DYLHQHQPHGLRWRFDGRVGHOFHQWURPD\RUPHQWHHVR(QWRQFHVPiVRPHQRVHVRHVORTXHKDFHQHQWUHViEDGR\GRPLQJR2WUDVIDPLOLDVQRORXWLOL]DQSDUDLUVHDO&HQWHQDULRVHYDQD$QLPD\DVHYDQDYLVLWDUD VXV IDPLOLDUHVRDOFRQWUDULRYLHQHQVXV IDPLOLDUHV\KDFHQVXFRQYLYHQFLDDKtHQVXFDVD«µ
6REUHHODXPHQWRHQHOFRQVXPRGHDOFRKRORWURVHxDOy´«FDGDYH]KDQLGRLQFUHPHQWDQGRPiV/HGLJRTXHDYHFHVKD\QLxRVGHDxRVTXH\DHVWiQWRPDQGR«µ
/RV HQWUHYLVWDGRV LQGLFDURQ TXH HO SDQGLOOHULVPR HV XQ SUREOHPDTXHQRVHUHVWULQJH~QLFDPHQWHDODVDJUHVLRQHVItVLFDVHQWUHORVLQWHJUDQWHVGHODVSDQGLOODVVLQRWDPELpQSHUMXGLFDDORVYHFLQRVSXHVHQRFDVLRQHVsus casas son lapidadas poniendo en riesgo la integridad física de los inte-JUDQWHVGHODVIDPLOLDV
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/DLGHDJHQHUDOL]DGDHQWUHORVKDELWDQWHV HVTXHORVJUXSRVGHOLFWLYRVTXHRSHUDQHQ6DQ/XLV6XU']XQXQFiQ\6DQ$QWRQLR;OXFK,,,HVWiQLQWHJUDGRVSRUMyYHQHVRULJLQDULRVGHRWURVHVWDGRVGHOSDtVTXHSURYLHQHQGH ODV FRORQLDV FHUFDQDV$VHJXUDQTXH OOHJDQ D VXV FRORQLDVSRU YDULRVPRWLYRVKDFHUSURVHOLWLVPR\EXVFDUQXHYRVPLHPEURVUHDOL]DUDMXVWHVGHFXHQWDV\XWLOL]DUORVSDUTXHVSDUDVXVUHXQLRQHV'HKHFKRKD\GRVHVSD-FLRVSOHQDPHQWHLGHQWLÀFDGRVFRPROXJDUHVGHUHXQLyQGHODVSDQGLOODVHOSDUTXHSULQFLSDOGH6DQ$QWRQLR;OXFK,,,\XQDVHFFLyQGHODDYHQLGDSULQFLSDOGHODPLVPDFRORQLD Los informantes relacionan a las pandillas con el consumo de dro-JDV\EHELGDVHPEULDJDQWHV\FRQODV SHOHDVFDOOHMHUDVµTXHHQPiVGHXQDRFDVLyQKDQDIHFWDGRDYHFLQRVTXHFLUFXQVWDQFLDOPHQWHVHHQFRQWUDEDQHQPHGLRGHORVSDQGLOOHURVDOLJXDOTXHODVFDVDVTXHKDQVLGRDSHGUHDGDV\GDxDGDVHQYHQWDQDVSXHUWDV\SDUHGHV En las entrevistas surgieron co-mentarios como los siguientes:
“Entran pandillas, amigos de los jóvenes que, que tienen vicios…”.
“Aquí, cuando yo pasé sí había mucha pandilla, cuando pasamos a vivir acá ¡madre!, hasta mi
esposo una vez aquí le apedrearon. Aquí lo agarraron y cuando yo salí a verlo porque oí el ruido
de los muchachos… vi que querían pegar a mi esposo; pero como mi esposo tenía aprendido el box
allá, pues no se dejó entonces…”.
/RVKDELWDQWHVGHHVWDVGRVFRORQLDVVHJ~QPDQLIHVWDURQYLYHQFRQHO WHPRUGHTXH ORVFRQÁLFWRVHQWUH ODVSDQGLOODV ORVSHUMXGLTXHQHQ VXLQWHJULGDGItVLFD\VXVYLYLHQGDV/RVHQIUHQWDPLHQWRVRFXUUHQVREUHWRGRSRU ODQRFKHTXHHVFXDQGRDFRVWXPEUDQ reunirse en los lugares referi-GRV8QDGHODVSHUVRQDVHQWUHYLVWDGDVFRPHQWyTXHUHFLpQFRQVWUXLGRHOSDUTXHGHODFRORQLDORV´YiQGDORVµFRPRORVOODPDQJUDÀWHDURQWRGDVODVLQVWDODFLRQHV8QDGHODVYHFLQDVJUDEyORVXFHGLGR\SXVRVXGHPDQGDDQWHODVDXWRULGDGHVSHUWLQHQWHVORVSDQGLOOHURVDOHQWHUDUVHGHHVWHKHFKRODDPHQD]DURQGHPXHUWHLQWHQWDURQLQFHQGLDUVXFDVD\OHDSHGUHDURQVXDXWRPyYLO3RUVLWXDFLRQHVGHHVWHWLSRHQODVTXHODVIDPLOLDVVHVLHQWHQGHVSURWHJLGDVHLQVHJXUDVDQWHODDPHQD]DGHORVGHOLQFXHQWHVVHH[SOLFD
180 El sur profundo de Mérida
HOWHPRUTXHWLHQHQODVSHUVRQDVGHOODPDUDODSROLFtD\GHQXQFLDUORVDF-WRVYDQGiOLFRVSRUORTXHSUHÀHUHQQRKDFHUOR\DVt´HYLWDUSUREOHPDVµ&RQVLGHUDQTXHHOSUREOHPDGHODVSDQGLOODVVHDJUDYDFXDQGRVHUHODFLRQDFRQDFWLYLGDGHVLOtFLWDVFRPRODYHQWD\FRQVXPRGHGURJDV\DOFRKROEDMRFX\RVHIHFWRVORVMyYHQHV´SDQGLOOHURVµDFW~DQGHPDQHUDPiVDJUHVLYD3DUD ORVFRORQRVHOSDQGLOOHULVPRHVXQSUREOHPDJUDYHTXHDTXHMDD ODFRPXQLGDG \ UHSHUFXWH GHPDQHUD QHJDWLYD HQ OD SHUFHSFLyQ TXH WLHQHODJHQWHGHIXHUDVREUH ODVFRORQLDVGHOVXU$Vt ODSUHRFXSDFLyQGH ORVFRORQRVQRVHOLPLWDDOGDxRSHUVRQDORPDWHULDOTXHVXHOHQRFDVLRQDUORVHQIUHQWDPLHQWRVHQWUHSDQGLOODVVLQRWDPELpQDOLPDJLQDULRQHJDWLYRTXHSHUVLVWHVREUHOD]RQDVXU\TXHHOORVTXLVLHUDQERUUDU
Seguridad pública&RPRSDUWHGHODDWHQFLyQ\ODVDFFLRQHVHQPDWHULDGHVHJXULGDGS~EOLFDlas colonias de la ciudad de Mérida cuentan con vigilancia policiaca a través GHSDWUXOODMHVSHULyGLFRVHQODVFDOOHVSDUDHOUHVJXDUGR\VHJXULGDGGHODFLX-GDGDQtD6LQHPEDUJRXQDGHODVVROLFLWXGHVPiVIUHFXHQWHVGHORVKDELWDQ-tes de estas colonias del sur de la ciudad es la instalación de una caseta po-OLFLDFDTXHSHUPLWDFRQWDUFRQXQVHUYLFLR´PiVHIHFWLYR\UiSLGRµ\DTXHVHJ~QLQGLFDQODSROLFtDQRDFXGHGHLQPHGLDWRDORVOODPDGRVGHDX[LOLR (QODVVLJXLHQWHVWUHVJUiÀFDVVHSUHVHQWDQORVUHVXOWDGRVGHODSHU-FHSFLyQGH ORVFRORQRVVREUHGLYHUVRVPHFDQLVPRVGHVHJXULGDG(VWRVUHVXOWDGRVVHSUHVHQWDQHQWpUPLQRVGHODIUHFXHQFLDFRQTXHORVPHQFLR-QDURQODVSHUVRQDVGHODPXHVWUD$VtSULPHUDPHQWHHQOD*UiÀFDODPD\RUtDSHUVRQDVUHÀULyTXHFXHQWDQFRQFDOOHVLOXPLQDGDVSHUROHVSUHRFXSDTXHQRKD\DFDVHWDGHSROLFtDHQVXFRORQLD(QFDPELRVyORGHODPXHVWUDGLMHURQFRQRFHUODH[LVWHQFLDGHXQDFDVHWDHQVXVFRORQLDV\PiVGHOFRQVLGHUyTXHQRKD\YLJLODQFLDPHGLDQWHSDWUXOODMHVSRUSDUWHGHOD6HFUHWDUtDGH6HJXULGDG3~EOLFD (QODV*UiÀFDV\VHUHSRUWDODSHUFHSFLyQVREUHODIUHFXHQFLDGHOSDWUXOODMH\HOWLHPSRGHUHVSXHVWDGHODSROLFtDDQWHORVOODPDGRVGH
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DX[LOLR3DUDSHUVRQDVGHODPXHVWUDODSDWUXOODSDVDPiVGHXQDYH]DOGtDPLHQWUDVTXHVyORGLMHURQTXHSDVDQFXDQGRVHOHVOODPD6REUHHOWLHPSRGHUHVSXHVWDSHUVRQDVGLMHURQTXHODVSDWUXOODVOOHJDQHQPH-QRVGHPHGLDKRUD(QWpUPLQRVJHQHUDOHVVHSXHGHGHFLUTXHODPD\RUtDUHFRQRFHTXHKD\YLJLODQFLDSHURWDPELpQTXHODFRQVLGHUDQLQVXÀFLHQWHUHTXLHUHQGHURQGDVPiVIUHFXHQWHV\FRQXQPHQRUWLHPSRGHUHVSXHVWD\VHVLHQWHQYXOQHUDEOHVDQWHVODVVLWXDFLRQHVGHULHVJR\DGHVFULWDV
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182 El sur profundo de Mérida
$SHVDUGHORVSUREOHPDVUHODFLRQDGRVFRQODVHJXULGDGORVHQWUH-YLVWDGRVDÀUPDURQTXHGXUDQWHHOGtDSRUORJHQHUDOODVFRORQLDVVRQWUDQ-TXLODVSHURSRUODVQRFKHVODVLWXDFLyQSXHGHFDPELDUDFDXVDGHODDFFLyQGH ODVSDQGLOODVSULQFLSDOPHQWH ORVÀQHVGHVHPDQD&RQ WRGRDOJXQRVFRQVLGHUDURQTXHORVULHVJRVWDPELpQVHPDQWLHQHQGXUDQWHHOGtD
“El principal problema es el de vándalos y borrachitos, hay mucho ladrón ahorita por acá…”. “Vienen a asaltar, roban los cables de la avenida, a qué horas, no lo sé, porque está en público…
Pasamos hasta una semana sin luz, toda la avenida se queda sin luz, porque roban los cables, si
salen unas personas solas los asaltan, los golpean…”.
$~QFRQODDSDUHQWHWUDQTXLODGTXHVHREVHUYDHQODVFRORQLDVVREUHWRGRGHOXQHVDYLHUQHVHQWUHORVYHFLQRVSUHYDOHFHFLHUWRWHPRUGHDEDQ-GRQDUVXVFDVDVSRUYDULDVKRUDVDQWHODSRVLELOLGDGGHTXHOHVUREHQVXVHVFDVDVSHUWHQHQFLDVFRPRWDQTXHVGHJDVEXWDQRYHQWDQDVGHDOXPLQLRHQVHUHVGRPpVWLFRVHLQFOXVLYHHOFDEOHDGRHOpFWULFR$OJXQRVPDQLIHVWDURQTXHKDQVLGRYtFWLPDVGHURERVGRPLFLOLDULRV1 y en el mayor número de FDVRVORVDXWRUHVQRIXHURQFDSWXUDGRV6LELHQQRFXHQWDQFRQXQDRU-
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*UiÀFD)UHFXHQFLDGHPHQFLRQHV
VREUHHOWLHPSRGHUHVSXHVWDde la policía ante llamados
GHDX[LOLR)XHQWH(ODERUDFLyQSURSLD
183ƐƉĞĐƚŽƐƉƐŝĐŽƐŽĐŝĂůĞƐLJƐŽĐŝŽͲũƵƌşĚŝĐŽƐ
JDQL]DFLyQYHFLQDOGHSURWHFFLyQDQWHURERVDVHJXUDQTXHORVLQWHJUDQWHVGHODVIDPLOLDVSRUORJHQHUDOHVWiQSHQGLHQWHVGHODVFDVDVGHVXVYHFLQRVFXDQGRpVWRVVDOHQ 3RUODVUD]RQHVH[SXHVWDVDVHJXUDQTXHHVQHFHVDULDODLQVWDODFLyQGHXQDFDVHWDSROLFtDFDSDUDFRPEDWLU\SUHYHQLUORVKHFKRVGHOLFWLYRVTXHno sólo pueden perpetrar las pandillas, los ladrones y los “invasores de WHUUHQRVµVLQRWDPELpQORVSURSLRVYHFLQRVTXLHQHVDOFDORUGHODEHELGDSXHGHQDJUHGLUDVXVIDPLOLDV\DODFRPXQLGDG(QUHVXPHQUHFRQRFHQODLQFLGHQFLDGHGLYHUVRVWLSRVGHGHOLWRVFRPRVHYHUiPiVDGHODQWHSHURQRFRQVLGHUDQTXHKD\DQDOFDQ]DGRtQGLFHVGHFULPLQDOLGDGDODUPDQWH&XDQ-do se les entrevista procuran mostrar un panorama de seguridad en las FRORQLDV\FRPHQWDQLQFOXVRTXHVHSXHGHFDPLQDUSRUODQRFKHVLQWHQHUQLQJ~QSUREOHPD 'HFXDOTXLHUPDQHUDFRQVLGHUDQQHFHVDULRTXHHO(VWD-GRPHMRUHORVPHFDQLVPRVGHVHJXULGDGS~EOLFDHQVXVFRORQLDV7DPELpQKDEUtDTXHFRQVLGHUDUODQHFHVLGDGGHWUDEDMDUHQODSUHYHQFLyQGHOGHOLWR\HQXQDFXOWXUDGHODGHQXQFLD
Delitos más frecuentes'HODSREODFLyQGH ODPXHVWUDHOUHVSRQGLyKDEHUVLGRYtFWLPDGHDOJ~QGHOLWR(QWLSRVGHGHOLWRVUHJLVWUDGRVIDPLOLDVUHÀULHURQHOURERGDxRHQSURSLHGDGDMHQDDPHQD]DVOHVLRQHV\LQMXULDVRWURVGHOLWRVPHQFLRQDGRVIXHURQURERFRQYLROHQFLDDVDOWRIUDXGHVYLRODFLyQDEXVRGHDXWRULGDG\KRPLFLGLR*Ui-ÀFD6HJ~QORVLQIRUPDQWHVFODYHODPD\RULQFLGHQFLDHQURERVFRUUHV-SRQGHDORVFRPHWLGRVHQFDVDVKDELWDFLyQ\VRQORVTXHPiVWHPHQ$OLJXDOTXHUHÀHUHQGHODFRPSRVLFLyQGHODVSDQGLOODVSLHQVDQTXHORVURERVVRQSHUSHWUDGRVSRUJHQWHGHRWURVHVWDGRVGHOSDtVTXHVHKDHVWDEOHFLGRHQODVFRORQLDVRHQVXVDOUHGHGRUHV
184 El sur profundo de Mérida
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186 El sur profundo de Mérida
Relaciones familiares6REUHODUHODFLyQHQWUHORVLQWHJUDQWHVGHODIDPLOLDSHUVRQDVODMX]JD-URQH[FHOHQWHPX\EXHQDEXHQDUHJXODU\VyORPDODYHU7DEOD
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% )
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Tipos de liderazgo'HVGHXQDSHUVSHFWLYDVRFLDOHOOLGHUD]JRHVHOHOHPHQWRTXHHVWLPXODHQXQJUXSRXRUJDQL]DFLyQODFDSDFLGDGGHDOFDQ]DUVXYLVLyQRLGHDOHV/DH[LVWHQFLDGHXQEXHQOtGHUIDYRUHFHODLQWHUDFFLyQHQWUHORVPLHPEURVGHOJUXSRFRDG\XYDDORVÀQHVGHOJUXSR\SUR\HFWDXQDLQÁXHQFLDIDYRUDEOHHQRWURVPLHPEURVGHODFRPXQLGDG(QHOFDVRGHODVFRORQLDVGHLQWHUpVKDVLGRGLItFLOLGHQWLÀFDUGHPDQHUDFODUDDSHUVRQDVTXHVHDQDPSOLDPHQWHUHFRQRFLGDVFRPROtGHUHV/DLGHQWLÀFDFLyQGHOOLGHUD]JRSRUSDUWHGHODSREODFLyQHVEDVWDQWHGLIXVD\HVWiPiVELHQOLPLWDGDDTXLHQHVRFXSDQFDU-JRVGHUHSUHVHQWDFLyQ11RH[LVWHQODVLQVWDQFLDVRHVWUXFWXUDVTXHIDYR-UH]FDQRWURWLSRGHOLGHUD]JRVFRPXQLWDULRVPiVUHIHUHQFLDOHV\OHJtWLPRV
Desinformación(QHOFRQWH[WRGH HVWDVFRORQLDVSUHGRPLQDHQORVSREODGRUHVODIDOWDGHLQ-IRUPDFLyQSXQWXDOVREUHODVRSRUWXQLGDGHVH[LVWHQWHVODVIRUPDVGHXWLOL]DUlos recursos, las opciones y alternativas ante diversas situaciones y el signi-ÀFDGRGHFLHUWRVFRQFHSWRV³FRPRORVDVSHFWRVSVLFRVRFLDOHV\OHJDOHV³HQWUHPXFKDVRWUDV FXHVWLRQHV1R VH FXHQWD FRQ VXÀFLHQWHV HVSDFLRVGHDQiOLVLV\UHÁH[LyQSDUDSURPRYHUHOFRQRFLPLHQWRVREUHGLYHUVDVWHPiWLFDVORFXDOHVLQGLVSHQVDEOHSDUDTXHORVLQGLYLGXRVVHKDJDQPiVUHVSRQVDEOHV\VXVDFFLRQHV\GHFLVLRQHVVHYXHOYDQPiVDQDOtWLFDVUHÁH[LYDV\FUtWLFDV
6REUHOD LGHQWLÀFDFLyQGHOtGHUHVSHUVRQDVGHODPXHVWUDVHxDODURQD ORV MHIHVGHPDQ]DQDGHORVTXHPXFKRVQRVXSLHURQHOQRPEUHDOXGLHURQDOSRUWDYR]GHDOJ~QSURJUDPDRLQVWLWXFLyQSULQFLSDOPHQWH2SRUWXQLGDGHV&RPSDUWDPRV\HO,9(<\PHQFLRQDURQDOMHIHRMHIDGHFRORQRVGHOTXHODPD\RUtDWDPSRFRFRQRFtDHOQRPEUH
200 El sur profundo de Mérida
Irregularidad en la prestación de servicios y acciones y en el seguimiento de las políticas públicas 8QDVSHFWRTXH OODPD OD DWHQFLyQHV HO UHGXFLGRQ~PHURGHSURJUDPDVLQVWLWXFLRQDOHVRUHOLJLRVRV\GHRUJDQL]DFLRQHVGHODVRFLHGDGFLYLOTXHKDQWHQLGRXQDSUHVHQFLDFRQVWDQWHHQODVFRORQLDV/RVSURJUDPDVGHPD\RUSHUPDQHQFLDVRQORVGHFDUiFWHUIHGHUDOFRPR2SRUWXQLGDGHVSHURRWURVFRPRORVGHFDSDFLWDFLyQVHUYLFLRVGHVDOXGXVRGHOWLHPSROLEUHHWFKDQVLGRHVSRUiGLFRV\SRUORJHQHUDODVRFLDGRVDSHUtRGRVHOHFWRUDOHV(VIUH-FXHQWHTXHSURJUDPDVLPSOHPHQWDGRVHQRWUDV]RQDVGHODFLXGDGLQFOXVRHQHOPLVPRVXUQROOHJXHQDHVWDVFRORQLDV2WURVPiVVRQGHPX\EUHYHduración o con frecuencia se suspenden al poco tiempo de iniciarse sin TXHFXPSODQVXVREMHWLYRV $VtGLYHUVRVSUR\HFWRV\SURJUDPDVKDQWHQLGRXQIXQFLRQDPLHQWRLUUHJXODURHVSRUiGLFRDXQDGRDTXHQRVHOHVGDXQVHJXLPLHQWRSXQWXDO3RU HMHPSOR QR VH YHULÀFD FyPRRSHUDQ HQ OD SUiFWLFD VL FXPSOHQ HQWLHPSR\IRUPDFRQIRUPHDORVOLQHDPLHQWRVHVWDEOHFLGRVQLWDPSRFRVHOOHYDDFDERXQEDODQFHHQWUHORVSDUWLFLSDQWHVREHQHÀFLDULRV\ODSREOD-FLyQREMHWLYR
Factores protectores&RPRSDUWHGHODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQÀQDOGHODLQIRUPDFLyQVHLGHQWLÀFDURQWDPELpQ ORVUHFXUVRV\HVWUDWHJLDVFRPXQLWDULDVYLJHQWHVHQ ODVFRORQLDV6HSUHWHQGHHQWRQFHVWUDEDMDUHQVXIRUWDOHFLPLHQWR\RULHQWDFLyQHQEH-QHÀFLRGHOELHQHVWDUELRSVLFRVRFLDO\ODFDOLGDGGHYLGDGHODSREODFLyQ$FRQWLQXDFLyQVHGHWDOODQORVPiVLPSRUWDQWHV
Participación social/DSDUWLFLSDFLyQGH ORVPLHPEURVGHXQDFRPXQLGDGSXHGHREHGHFHUDGLYHUVRVÀQHV/DSDUWLFLSDFLyQUHLYLQGLFDWLYDHVDTXHOODTXHPRYLOL]DLQ-dividuos y grupos en demanda de determinadas necesidades: la provisión
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Capacidad de organización y gestión 8QHOHPHQWRPiVFRQHOTXHFXHQWDQORVKDELWDQWHVGHODVGRVFRORQLDVHVWUHFKDPHQWH UHODFLRQDGRFRQVXV IRUPDVGHSDUWLFLSDFLyQVRFLDO HV ODYLQFXODFLyQFRQ LQVWLWXFLRQHVS~EOLFDVGHSURJUDPDVVRFLDOHVGH ORV WUHViPELWRVGHJRELHUQR6HUHJLVWUDXQDEXHQDFREHUWXUDGHDOJXQRVSURJUD-PDVFRPR\PiV9LYLU0HMRU\+iELWDWTXHQRWLHQHQLQFOXVRRWUDVFRPXQLGDGHVFRQODVPLVPDVFRQGLFLRQHVGHYXOQHUDELOLGDG/RVFLXGDGD-QRVFRQRFHQHVWRVSURJUDPDV\UHDOL]DQORVWUiPLWHVSDUDDFFHGHUDHOORV$GHPiVVLORUHTXLHUHQVHRUJDQL]DQSDUDJHVWLRQDUDOJXQDVROLFLWXG&RQWRGRHVWRVSURJUDPDVQRGHMDQGHVHUDVLVWHQFLDOHVSXHVWRTXHQRSUR-PXHYHQODDXWRJHVWLyQ /DSDUWLFLSDFLyQHQHVWHWLSRGHSURJUDPDVRÀFLDOHVOHVKDSHUPLWLGRGHVDUUROODUIRUPDVGHRUJDQL]DFLyQ\KDELOLGDGHVGHJHVWLyQDVtFRPRODH[SHULHQFLDGHORVFRPSURPLVRVTXHHVDSDUWLFLSDFLyQOHVLPSOLFD
Apoyo entre vecinos8QRGHORVSULQFLSDOHVUHFXUVRVFRQTXHFXHQWDQORVFRORQRVHVHODSR\RHQWUHYHFLQRV/DVPXMHUHVSULQFLSDOPHQWHFXDQGRWLHQHQTXHVDOLUSDUDUHDOL]DUFXDOTXLHUGLOLJHQFLDTXHOHVOOHYHXQWLHPSRFRQVLGHUDEOHFXHQWDQFRQHODSR\RGHVXVYHFLQDVSDUDHOFXLGDGRGHVXVKLMRVRELHQGHRWUDV
202 El sur profundo de Mérida
PXMHUHVFRQODVTXHLQWHJUDQXQPLVPRJUXSRSRUHMHPSORHOGHODVPD-GUHVFRQQLxRVTXHDVLVWHQD la misma escuela, en cuyo caso una de ellas se HQFDUJDGHUHFRJHUORVHQODHVFXHOD\OOHYDUORVDVXFDVD7RGRHOORVLJQLÀFDXQJUDQDSR\RSDUDODVPXMHUHVWRPDQGRHQFXHQWDTXHHQHVWDVFRORQLDVQRH[LVWHQJXDUGHUtDV /DVYHFLQDVVXHOHQDVXPLUHVWDUHVSRQVDELOLGDGVLQLPSRUWDUHOWLHP-SRTXHOHVOOHYH\VLQUHPXQHUDFLyQDOJXQDLQFOXVRHVFRP~QYHUDDOJXQDVPXMHUHVKDFLHQGRVXVGLOLJHQFLDVHQODFRORQLDDFRPSDxDGDVGHVXVKLMRV\GHORVQLxRVEDMRVXFXLGDGR$OSDUHFHUHVWDFRVWXPEUHVXHOHVHUPX\FRP~QHQODVFRORQLDV\DTXHORVQLxRVHQFXVWRGLDQRPXHVWUDQQLQJ~Qtipo de ansiedad por no estar con sus madres y se acoplan a la rutina de TXLHQHVORVFXLGDQHYHQWXDOPHQWH
Diversidad de saberes6LQGXGDXQRGHORVPD\RUHVUHFXUVRVFRQTXHFXHQWDODFRPXQLGDGHVODGLYHUVLGDGGHVDEHUHV/DVH[SHULHQFLDVGHYLGD\ODVDSWLWXGHVSHUVRQDOHVTXHJHQHUDQSHUVSHFWLYDVGLVWLQWDV\FRQRFLPLHQWRVGLYHUVRVSXHGHQVHUGHJUDQXWLOLGDGSDUDLPSXOVDUHOGHVDUUROORGHOD]RQD
Propuestas de trabajo/RVUHVXOWDGRVGHOGLDJQyVWLFRPXHVWUDQFODUDPHQWHTXHHQHVWDVFRORQLDVVXEVLVWHQP~OWLSOHVSUREOHPDV\QHFHVLGDGHVGHGLYHUVDtQGROHSHURWDP-ELpQSHUPLWHQDGYHUWLUODViUHDVGHRSRUWXQLGDGHLQWHUHVHVTXHHVWLPXODQODQHFHVLGDGGHFRQWLQXDUWUDEDMDQGRHQHOGHVDUUROORGHHVWUDWHJLDVRULHQ-WDGDVDHQPHQGDUORV$Vt ODVQHFHVLGDGHV\iUHDVGHRSRUWXQLGDGGHWHF-tadas mediante el diagnóstico nos permiten constatar la pertinencia del 3URJUDPD -XYHQWXG \ 6RFLHGDG HQ FX\RPDUFR VH SXHGH WUDEDMDU HQ HOGHVDUUROORGHSUR\HFWRVVRFLDOHVHLQYHVWLJDFLyQDSOLFDGD 'HHVWDVXHUWHODVIXQFLRQHVXQLYHUVLWDULDV³LQYHVWLJDFLyQGRFHQ-FLD\H[WHQVLyQ³SXHGHQLQWHJUDUVHFDEDOPHQWHHQODWDUHDGHFRQWULEXLU
203ŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂĐŝŽŶĞƐĮŶĂůĞƐLJƉƌŽƉƵĞƐƚĂƐĚĞƚƌĂďĂũŽ
DOELHQHVWDUELRSVLFRVRFLDOGHORVKDELWDQWHVGHHVWD]RQDHQFRQJUXHQFLDWDPELpQFRQODYLVLyQXQLYHUVLWDULDTXHVXSRQHHVWDEOHFHUXQDUHODFLyQUHV-SRQVDEOH\ WUDVFHQGHQWHFRQ OD VRFLHGDG$Vt OD LQWHJUDFLyQFRRUGLQDGDGHHVWDVIXQFLRQHVSHUPLWLUtDJHQHUDUEHQHÀFLRVDFDGpPLFRVSDUDORVHVWX-diantes, producir investigación pertinente y desarrollar proyectos sociales PXOWLLQWHU\WUDQVGLVFLSOLQDULRVFRPRXQWRGRLQWHJUDGRTXHLPSDFWHID-YRUDEOHPHQWHHQODVRFLHGDG 3RUVXSXHVWR OD LPSOHPHQWDFLyQGHDFFLRQHVGHQWURGHFDGDIXQ-FLyQ VXVWDQWLYD\HQWUHHOODV HVWDUtD VXMHWD D ORV LQWHUHVHV FRQGLFLRQHV\SRVLELOLGDGHVGHFDGDGHSHQGHQFLDGHOFDPSXV$OJXQDVSURSXHVWDVDOUHV-pecto son las siguientes:
Docencia8QSULPHU DVSHFWR D GHVWDFDU HV OD SRVLELOLGDGGHGHVDUUROODU XQ HMH GHPHWRGRORJtDGRQGHVHLQWHJUHQDVLJQDWXUDVGHHVWDiUHDSHUWHQHFLHQWHVDODVGLIHUHQWHVOLFHQFLDWXUDV(VWHHMHSRGUtDLQFOXLUWDPELpQDVLJQDWXUDVGHSURJUDPDVGHPDHVWUtDGHOiUHDH LQFOXVRGHOGRFWRUDGR,QVWLWXFLRQDOHQ&LHQFLDV6RFLDOHV 6LWXDFLyQVLPLODURFXUUHFRQRWUDVDVLJQDWXUDVREOLJDWRULDVXRSWDWL-YDVGHORVGLYHUVRVSODQHVGHHVWXGLRGHODVOLFHQFLDWXUDVGHOFDPSXV'DGRHOHQRUPHFDPSRGHDFFLyQHVSRVLEOHHQFRQWUDUHQ ODFRWLGLDQLGDGGHOWUDEDMRHQ ODFRORQLDGLYHUVRVHVFHQDULRVGRQGHSRGUtDQ UHDOL]DUVHSUiF-WLFDVFXUULFXODUHV8QFDVRVRQODVDVLJQDWXUDVTXHWLHQHQFRPRREMHWLYRSURSRUFLRQDUVROXFLRQHV\OOHYDUDFDERLQWHUYHQFLRQHVFRQHOÀQGHDWHQ-GHUSUREOHPDVGHWHFWDGRVSDUDSURPRYHUHOELHQHVWDUVRFLDO
Investigación$SDUWLUGHOGLDJQyVWLFRVHLGHQWLÀFDURQGLYHUVDViUHDVWHPiWLFDVTXHSXH-GHQ DERUGDUVH HQ SUR\HFWRV GH LQYHVWLJDFLyQ EiVLFD \ SUHIHUHQWHPHQWHDSOLFDGD D VDEHU PHGLR DPELHQWH LGHQWLGDG FXOWXUDO PD\D HVWLORV GH
204 El sur profundo de Mérida
FULDQ]D VLVWHPDV \ GLQiPLFDV IDPLOLDUHV HVWLORV GH YLGD VDOXGDEOHV \ VXUHODFLyQFRQODSUHYHQFLyQGHHQIHUPHGDGHV$GHPiVGHpVWDVVHH[SR-QHQWUHVPiVTXHDFRQWLQXDFLyQVHSXQWXDOL]DQSRUFRQVLGHUDUODVODVPiVLPSRUWDQWHV
Juventud contemporánea en la ciudad de Mérida /DVLWXDFLyQVRFLDO\HFRQyPLFDTXHYLYHODSREODFLyQMXYHQLOGHDDxRVHQOD]RQDGHHVWXGLRKDFHQHFHVDULDODLQVWUXPHQWDFLyQGHLQYHVWL-JDFLyQDSOLFDGDFRQHOSURSyVLWRGHGHVDUUROODUDFFLRQHVTXHSURPXHYDQ\IDYRUH]FDQVXELHQHVWDUItVLFRSVLFROyJLFRVRFLDO\FXOWXUDO\SRUWDQWRVHWUDGX]FDQHQPHMRUHVFRQGLFLRQHVGHYLGD\GHGHVDUUROORSHUVRQDO(OWUDEDMR FRQ HVWH JUXSR SREODFLRQDO SDUWLFXODUPHQWH LPSRUWDQWH SXHVWRTXHUHSUHVHQWDHOIXWXURLQPHGLDWRGHOHVWDGRGHEHFRQWHPSODUODJHQHUD-FLyQGHODVFRQGLFLRQHVQHFHVDULDVSDUDODLQFRUSRUDFLyQGHORVMyYHQHVDODVRFLHGDGFRPRFLXGDGDQRVVRFLDOPHQWHUHVSRQVDEOHV(ODFFHVRDPHMRUHVRSRUWXQLGDGHVFRQWULEXLUiD VXGHVDUUROOR LQWHJUDOFRPRVHUHVKXPDQRVLQGLYLGXDOHVSHURWDPELpQOHVSURSRUFLRQDUiODVFRPSHWHQFLDVQHFHVDULDVSDUDLQVHUWDUVHH[LWRVDPHQWHHQHOPXQGRODERUDO\HQJHQHUDOSDUDGHVD-UUROODUUHODFLRQHVLQWHUSHUVRQDOHVVDOXGDEOHV
Pobreza y educación&RQWUDUUHVWDUODVLWXDFLyQGHSREUH]DUHTXLHUHFRQRFHUHOIHQyPHQRDSUR-IXQGLGDGWDOFRPRVHPDQLÀHVWDHQHOFRQWH[WRGHWHUPLQDGRGHHVWDVFR-ORQLDV(VSUHFLVRGHVDUUROODUXQWUDEDMRGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHUHSUHVHQWD-FLRQHV\SUiFWLFDVVRFLDOHVTXHSHUPLWDQFRQRFHUODIRUPDFRPRVHYLYHODSREUH]DORVIDFWRUHVTXHFRQWULEX\HQDVRVWHQHUODDVtFRPRODSHUVSHFWLYDGHTXLHQHVODSDGHFHQ(VLPSRUWDQWHLGHQWLÀFDUORVSULQFLSDOHVUHFXUVRVFRQORVTXHFXHQWDQODVSHUVRQDV\TXHSRGUtDQVHUOHVGHXWLOLGDGSDUDVX-SHUDUHVDFRQGLFLyQ
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Seguridad ciudadana y política criminal /D8QLYHUVLGDG$XWyQRPDGH<XFDWiQDWUDYpVGHOFDPSXVGH&LHQFLDV6R-FLDOHVFRQVLGHUDSHUWLQHQWHHPSUHQGHUHQODVFRORQLDV6DQ$QWRQLR;OXFK,,,\6DQ/XLV6XU']XQXQFiQXQSUR\HFWRGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQPXOWLHLQWHU-GLVFLSOLQDULDTXHFRQOOHYHODUHDOL]DFLyQGHHVWXGLRVSVLFROyJLFRVVRFLROy-JLFRV MXUtGLFRV DQWURSROyJLFRV HFRQyPLFRV \ HGXFDWLYRV HQFDPLQDGRVDODLGHQWLÀFDFLyQGHODVFDXVDV\IDFWRUHVTXHSURGXFHQODFULPLQDOLGDGDVtFRPRGHDTXHOORVTXHIDYRUHFHQODFRQGLFLyQGHYtFWLPDV(OSUR\HFWRVHVXVWHQWDHQHOGLVHxRGHXQPRGHORGH LQWHUYHQFLyQFRPXQLWDULDTXHcontempla la participación ciudadana en el desarrollo e implementación GHSROtWLFDVFULPLQDOHV\YLFWLPROyJLFDVRULHQWDGDVDLQFUHPHQWDU\PHMRUDUODVFRQGLFLRQHVGHVHJXULGDGGHODSREODFLyQ
Extensión De acuerdo con el diagnóstico, en el marco de la función universitaria GHH[WHQVLyQVHSRGUtDQGHVDUUROODUSUR\HFWRVVRFLDOHVHQiUHDVGHWHFWDGDVFRPRSULRULWDULDV&DEHGHVWDFDUTXHJUDQSDUWHGH HVWRVSUR\HFWRVSR-GUiQVXVWHQWDUVHHQORVUHVXOWDGRVGHLQYHVWLJDFLRQHVUHDOL]DGDVWDQWRHQHOPDUFRGHODIXQFLyQVXVWDQWLYDGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQFRPRHQHOGHGRFHQFLDDSDUWLUGHORWUDEDMDGRHQODVDVLJQDWXUDVGHOHMHPHWRGROyJLFRGHORVGLIH-UHQWHVSODQHVGHHVWXGLR /DViUHDVGHWHFWDGDVFRPRSULRULWDULDVSDUDWUDEDMDUHQVXIRPHQWRcorresponden a la medicina tradicional, los solares familiares, la identidad FXOWXUDOPD\DORVHVWLORVGHYLGDVDOXGDEOHVHOFXLGDGRGHOPHGLRDPELHQWHODSDUWLFLSDFLyQVRFLDO\ODFLXGDGDQtD3RURWURODGRSRGUtDQGHVDUUROODUVHSUR\HFWRVGHGHVDUUROORXUEDQR\GLVHxRGHOKiELWDWDVtFRPRGHGLYHUVLÀ-FDFLyQGHODVIXHQWHVGHRFXSDFLyQ6LELHQWRGDVHOODVVRQLPSRUWDQWHVODVFRQGLFLRQHVREVHUYDGDVHQHVWDVFRORQLDVDSUHPLDQDWUDEDMDUHQHOGHVD-rrollo de proyectos sociales particularmente en materia de prevención del GHOLWRSURPRFLyQGHXQDDJHQFLDGHGHVDUUROORDSURYHFKDPLHQWRGHHVSD-FLRVS~EOLFRV\XVRGHOWLHPSROLEUHTXHVHSXQWXDOL]DQDFRQWLQXDFLyQ
206 El sur profundo de Mérida
Prevención del delito/DVSHUVRQDVHQWUHYLVWDGDVHQFXHVWDGDVVHxDODURQTXHYDULRVGHORVSUR-EOHPDVTXHVHSDGHFHQHQ ODVFRORQLDVVRQGH tQGROHSHQDORDOPHQRVDVtORVLGHQWLÀFDQ0DQLIHVWDURQVXLQWHUpVHQKDFHUDOJRSRUVXVFRORQLDVRUJDQL]DUVHKDFHU OOHJDU VXVTXHMDV UHDOL]DUJHVWLRQHVSDUDVXEVDQDUVXVQHFHVLGDGHVDGHPiVGHHVWDUGLVSXHVWDVDKDFHUORSHUWLQHQWHSDUDWHQHUPHMRUHVHVSDFLRVS~EOLFRV\PiVVHJXURV
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Referencias
211Referencias
$JXLODU53UHYDOHQFLDGHDVPDDJXGDHQQLxRV\DGROHVFHQWHVGH0pULGD<XFDWiQ0p[LFRRevista Alergia México, 56SS
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%XHQRV$LUHV+XPDQLWDV%DQFR0XQGLDOVILíneas de pobreza5HFXSHUDGRGHKWWSELEOLRWHFD
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lítica agraria en las formas de vida de los ejidatarios: 1940-19840pULGD0p[LFR8$'<
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Estado en Yucatán SS0pULGD0p[LFR8$'<%DxRV5DPtUH]2Neoliberalismo, reorganización y subsistencia rural: el caso
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mientos campesinos en Yucatán: 1983-19920pULGD0p[LFR0DOGRQD-GR(GLWRUHV8$'<&('5$&
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Los autores
219Los autores
Gustavo Barredo Baqueiro &RQWDGRU3~EOLFRHJUHVDGRGHOD)DFXOWDGGH&RQWDGXUtD\$GPLQLVWUDFLyQGHOD8QLYHUVLGDG$XWyQRPDGH<XFDWiQ)&$8$'<0DHVWURHQ)LQDQ-]DVSRUOD 8QLYHUVLGDG$QDKXDF0D\DE\'RFWRUHQ&LHQFLDVGHOD*HVWLyQSRUOD8QLYHUVLWpGH3DXHWGHV3D\VGHO·$GRXUHQ)UDQFLD3URIHVRU7LWXODU%GHWLHPSRFRPSOHWRHQ)&$8$'<,PSDUWHDQLYHOOLFHQFLDWXUDODVDVLJ-QDWXUDVGH3ODQHDFLyQ\&RQWURO)LQDQFLHUR7DOOHUGH0HWRGRORJtDGHOD,QYHVWLJDFLyQ\DQLYHOSRVJUDGRODVGH3ODQHDFLyQ)LQDQFLHUD\eWLFDHQODV2UJDQL]DFLRQHV(V LQWHJUDQWH WLWXODUGHO&XHUSR$FDGpPLFR´&UHDFLyQ$QiOLVLV\$VLVWHQFLDDORV1HJRFLRV\ODV2UJDQL]DFLRQHVµ\HVPLHPEURGHO&RPLWpGH3URPRFLyQ \3HUPDQHQFLD \GHO&RQVHMR$FDGpPLFRGH)&$8$'<&XHQWDFRQ3HUÀO'HVHDEOH3URPHS6XVSULQFLSDOHVWHPDVGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQYHUVDQVREUHGHVDUUROORVRFLRHFRQyPLFRVXVWHQWDEOHÀ-QDQ]DVVRFLDOHV\FRRSHUDWLYLVPR\DVRFLDWLYLVPR
Teresita Concepción Campo Marín/LFHQFLDGD HQ 3VLFRORJtD SRU OD 8QLYHUVLGDG $XWyQRPD GH <XFDWiQ8$'<\0DHVWUDHQ3VLFRWHUDSLD+XPDQLVWDSRUHO,QVWLWXWR&DUO5R-JHUV7pFQLFR$FDGpPLFR$VRFLDGR$FRQFXDUHQWDKRUDVHQOD)DFXOWDGGH3VLFRORJtDGHOD8$'<,PSDUWHDQLYHOOLFHQFLDWXUDODVDVLJQDWXUDVGH,QWHUYHQFLyQ6RFLRFRPXQLWDULD3URFHVRV3VLFRVRFLDOHV3VLFRORJtD6RFLDOH,QWHUYHQFLyQ3VLFROyJLFDHQ9,+(VPLHPEURDVRFLDGRGHO&$3URFH-VRV3VLFRVRFLDOHV\3UD[LV(VFRRUGLQDGRUDDGPLQLVWUDWLYDGHO3URJUDPD-XYHQWXG \ 6RFLHGDG 3ULQFLSDOHV WHPDV GH LQYHVWLJDFLyQ'HVDUUROOR GHSUR\HFWRVVRFLDOHVFRQpQIDVLVHQ9,+'HVDUUROORFRPXQLWDULR&RPXQL-GDGHVGHDSUHQGL]DMH\7UDEDMRLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDULR
220 El sur profundo de Mérida
Lucely Carballo Solís /LFHQFLDGDHQ'HUHFKRFRQ0DHVWUtDHQ'HUHFKR\(VSHFLDOLGDGHQ'H-UHFKR3HQDOHQOD8QLYHUVLGDG$XWyQRPDGH<XFDWiQ8$'<3URIHVRUDGH&DUUHUD$VRFLDGR´'µGHWLHPSRFRPSOHWRGHOD)DFXOWDGGH'HUHFKRGH ODPLVPD8QLYHUVLGDG ,PSDUWH D QLYHO OLFHQFLDWXUD ODV DVLJQDWXUDV GH'HUHFKR5RPDQR'HUHFKR3HQDO,\,,\'HUHFKR3URFHVDO3HQDO,\,,(QSRVJUDGRLPSDUWH'HUHFKR3HQLWHQFLDULR\3HQRORJtD\6HPLQDULRGH-X-ULVSUXGHQFLD,QWHJUDQWHWLWXODUGHO&XHUSR$FDGpPLFR´9LVLyQ0XOWLGLVFL-SOLQDULD\7ULGLPHQVLRQDOGHO'HUHFKRµ&RRUGLQDGRUDGHOiUHDGH'HUHFKR3HQDO\FRRUGLQDGRUDGH(GXFDFLyQ&RQWLQXDHQOD)DFXOWDGGH'HUHFKRHLQWHJUDQWHGHOD&RPLVLyQ'LFWDPLQDGRUDGHOiUHDGH&LHQFLDV6RFLDOHVGHOD8$'<&XHQWDFRQ3HUÀO'HVHDEOH3URPHS7UDEDMRGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQHQODViUHDVGHYLROHQFLDIDPLOLDUHMHFXFLyQSHQDOFULPLQRORJtD\SROtWLFDFULPLQDOSUHYHQFLyQGHOGHOLWRFDXVDV\IDFWRUHVGHODGHOLQFXHQFLDIHPHQLQD
Carlos David Carrillo Trujillo /LFHQFLDGR\0DHVWURHQ3VLFRORJtDSRUOD8QLYHUVLGDG$XWyQRPDGH<X-FDWiQ\SDVDQWHGH'RFWRUDGRHQ3VLFRORJtDSRUHO&(&,33URIHVRUGH&DUUHUD$VRFLDGR´'µGHWLHPSRFRPSOHWRHQOD)DFXOWDGGH3VLFRORJtDGHOD8$'<,PSDUWHDQLYHOOLFHQFLDWXUDODVDVLJQDWXUDVGH'LQiPLFDGH*UXSRV3URFHVRV3VLFRVRFLDOHV*UXSDOHV\3VLFRORJtD6RFLDO,QWHJUDQWHWLWXODUGHO&XHUSR$FDGpPLFRGH´3URFHVRV3VLFRVRFLDOHV\3UD[LVGHHVWD)DFXOWDGµ5HVSRQVDEOHGHO'HSDUWDPHQWRGH9LQFXODFLyQGHOD)DFXOWDGGH3VLFRORJtD&XHQWDFRQ3HUÀO'HVHDEOH3URPHS6XVSULQFLSDOHVWHPDVde investigación son: género, violencia, representaciones sociales, redes VRFLDOHV\UHODFLRQHVLQWHUSHUVRQDOHV
221Los autores
María Teresita Castillo León /LFHQFLDGD HQ3VLFRORJtD \0DHVWUD HQ&LHQFLDV$QWURSROyJLFDV RSFLyQHQ$QWURSRORJtD 6RFLDO DPEDV SRU OD8QLYHUVLGDG$XWyQRPDGH<XFD-WiQ 8$'<'RFWRUD HQ(VWXGLRV0HVRDPHULFDQRVSRU OD8QLYHUVLGDGGH+DPEXUJR3URIHVRUD7LWXODU´&µGHWLHPSRFRPSOHWRHQOD)DFXOWDGGH3VLFRORJtD GH OD8$'< ,PSDUWH D QLYHO OLFHQFLDWXUD ODV DVLJQDWXUDVGH3URFHVRV3VLFRVRFLDOHV,QWURGXFFLyQDOD,QYHVWLJDFLyQHQ3VLFRORJtD0pWRGRV\7pFQLFDVGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ(ODERUDFLyQ\'LIXVLyQGH5HVXO-WDGRVGH ,QYHVWLJDFLyQ\7pFQLFDV&XDOLWDWLYDVGH ,QYHVWLJDFLyQ$QLYHOSRVJUDGR LPSDUWH 6HPLQDULR GH ,QYHVWLJDFLyQ FRQ HQIRTXH FXDOLWDWLYR,QWHJUDQWHWLWXODUGHO&XHUSR$FDGpPLFR´3URFHVRV3VLFRVRFLDOHV\3UD-[LVµ(VFRRUGLQDGRUDGHO&RPLWp,QWHUQRGH6HUYLFLR6RFLDOGHOD)DFXOWDGDQWHVPHQFLRQDGD\PLHPEURGHOD&RPLVLyQ&RRUGLQDGRUDGH$SR\RDO6HUYLFLR6RFLDODQLYHOLQVWLWXFLRQDO&XHQWDFRQ3HUÀO'HVHDEOH3URPHS\HVPLHPEURGHO6LVWHPD1DFLRQDOGH,QYHVWLJDGRUHVHQHOQLYHO5HDOL]DLQYHVWLJDFLyQGHFDUiFWHUDSOLFDGRHQODViUHDVGHSURPRFLyQGHODVDOXG\SUD[LVFRPXQLWDULDPLJUDFLyQHTXLSRVLQWHU\WUDQVGLVFLSOLQDULRVVLVWHPD-WL]DFLyQGHH[SHULHQFLDV\HYDOXDFLyQFXDOLWDWLYD
Violeta Guzmán Medina /LFHQFLDGDHQ$QWURSRORJtD6RFLDOSRUOD(VFXHOD1DFLRQDOGH$QWURSR-ORJtDH+LVWRULDFRQ0DHVWUtD\'RFWRUDGRHQ$QWURSRORJtD6RFLDOSRUOD8QLYHUVLGDG$XWyQRPDGH0p[LFR3URIHVRUD LQYHVWLJDGRUD WLWXODU&GHWLHPSRFRPSOHWRHQOD)DFXOWDGGH&LHQFLDV$QWURSROyJLFDVGHOD8QLYHU-VLGDG$XWyQRPDGH<XFDWiQ,PSDUWHDQLYHO OLFHQFLDWXUDODVDVLJQDWXUDVGH$QWURSRORJtD$SOLFDGD(WQRJUDItD5HJLRQDO\7DOOHUGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ(V LQWHJUDQWH WLWXODUGHO&XHUSR$FDGpPLFR´(VWXGLRV6RFLRFXOWXUDOHVµ&XHQWDFRQ3HUÀO'HVHDEOH3URPHS7HPDVSULQFLSDOHVGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQ,GHQWLGDG$QWURSRORJtD$SOLFDGD-XYHQWXG\$QWURSRORJtD0pGLFD
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José A. Lugo Pérez /LFHQFLDGR \ 0DHVWUR HQ &LHQFLDV $QWURSROyJLFDV RSFLyQ $QWURSRORJtD6RFLDOSRUOD8QLYHUVLGDG$XWyQRPDGH<XFDWiQ\OD(VFXHOD1DFLRQDOGH$QWURSRORJtDH+LVWRULDUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH3URIHVRU,QYHVWLJDGRU7LWXODU´&µde tiempo completo de la Unidad de Ciencias Sociales, Centro de Inves-WLJDFLRQHV5HJLRQDOHV´'U+LGH\R1RJXFKLµ+D LPSDUWLGRDVLJQDWXUDVDQLYHO OLFHQFLDWXUDHQ OD)DFXOWDGGH&LHQFLDV$QWURSROyJLFDVGH OD8$'<$FWXDOPHQWHSDUWLFLSDFRPRGRFHQWHHQHOFXUVRGHWLWXODFLyQGHOD0DHVWUtDHQ*RELHUQR\3ROtWLFDV3~EOLFDVGHOD)DFXOWDGGH(FRQRPtDGHOD8$'<,QWHJUDQWHWLWXODUGHO&XHUSR$FDGpPLFR´'HVDUUROOR5HJLRQDO0RGHUQL]D-FLyQ\1XHYRVVXMHWRV6RFLDOHVHQ<XFDWiQµ0LHPEURGHO&RPLWp$VHVRUGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQGHOD8QLGDGGH&LHQFLDV6RFLDOHV3ULQFLSDOHVWHPDVGHLQYHVWL-JDFLyQHFRQRPtDFDPSHVLQDPLJUDFLyQUXUDOXUEDQDGHVDVWUHVSURYRFDGRVSRUIHQyPHQRVQDWXUDOHV\VXLPSDFWRHQODVVRFLHGDGHVFDPSHVLQDVH[SDQ-VLyQXUEDQD\VXLPSDFWRHQODVVRFLHGDGHVUXUDOHVGHOPXQLFLSLRGH0pULGD
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