electrons and their interaction with the specimen

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The chapter explains the behaviour of electrons within a specimen and shows how they interact with the atoms of the sample. From "Electron Microscopy and Analysis" textbook by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys and Richard Beanland. Courtesy of Taylor and Francis Books UK.

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Page 2: Electrons and their interaction with the specimen

Contents (Note: Page numbers are as in the whole book so that the index remains valid)

Acronyms …………………………………………………….……………………… iii Preface ………………………………………………………………………………. iv

2 Electrons and their interaction with the specimen 2.1 Introduction ………………………………………..… 20 2.2 Electrons ………………………………...…………… 20 2.3 Generating a beam of electrons ……………………… 24 2.4 Deflection of electrons – magnetic lenses …………… 27 2.5 The scattering of electrons by atoms .…………..……. 29 2.6 Elastic scattering ...…………………………………… 30 2.7 Inelastic scattering ……………...………………….… 31 2.8 Secondary effects …………….………………………. 34 2.9 The family of electron microscopes ……………..…... 37 2.10 Questions …………………………………………….. 38

Further reading ……………………………………………………………..……. 236 Answers ……………………………………………………………………………. 238 Index …………………………………………………………………………..……. 243

Page 3: Electrons and their interaction with the specimen

Electron Microscopy and Analysis, Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.

Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).

__________________________________________________________

Page 4: Electrons and their interaction with the specimen

Electron Microscopy and Analysis, Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.

Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).

__________________________________________________________

Page 5: Electrons and their interaction with the specimen

Electron Microscopy and Analysis, Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.

Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).

__________________________________________________________

Page 6: Electrons and their interaction with the specimen
Page 7: Electrons and their interaction with the specimen

Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.

Electron Microscopy and Analysis,__________________________________________________________

Page 8: Electrons and their interaction with the specimen

Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.

Electron Microscopy and Analysis,__________________________________________________________

Page 9: Electrons and their interaction with the specimen

Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.

Electron Microscopy and Analysis,__________________________________________________________

Page 10: Electrons and their interaction with the specimen

Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.

Electron Microscopy and Analysis,__________________________________________________________

Page 11: Electrons and their interaction with the specimen

Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.

Electron Microscopy and Analysis,__________________________________________________________

Page 12: Electrons and their interaction with the specimen

Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.

Electron Microscopy and Analysis,__________________________________________________________

Page 13: Electrons and their interaction with the specimen

Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.

Electron Microscopy and Analysis,__________________________________________________________

Page 14: Electrons and their interaction with the specimen

Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.

Electron Microscopy and Analysis,__________________________________________________________

Page 15: Electrons and their interaction with the specimen

Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.

Electron Microscopy and Analysis,__________________________________________________________

Page 16: Electrons and their interaction with the specimen

Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.

Electron Microscopy and Analysis,__________________________________________________________

Page 17: Electrons and their interaction with the specimen

Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.

Electron Microscopy and Analysis,__________________________________________________________

Page 18: Electrons and their interaction with the specimen

Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.

Electron Microscopy and Analysis,__________________________________________________________

Page 19: Electrons and their interaction with the specimen

Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.

Electron Microscopy and Analysis,__________________________________________________________

Page 20: Electrons and their interaction with the specimen

Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.

Electron Microscopy and Analysis,__________________________________________________________

Page 21: Electrons and their interaction with the specimen

Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.

Electron Microscopy and Analysis,__________________________________________________________

Page 22: Electrons and their interaction with the specimen

Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.

Electron Microscopy and Analysis,__________________________________________________________

Page 23: Electrons and their interaction with the specimen

Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.

Electron Microscopy and Analysis,__________________________________________________________

Page 24: Electrons and their interaction with the specimen

Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.

Electron Microscopy and Analysis,__________________________________________________________

Page 25: Electrons and their interaction with the specimen

Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.

Electron Microscopy and Analysis,__________________________________________________________

Page 26: Electrons and their interaction with the specimen

Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.

Electron Microscopy and Analysis,__________________________________________________________

Page 27: Electrons and their interaction with the specimen

Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.

Electron Microscopy and Analysis,__________________________________________________________

Page 28: Electrons and their interaction with the specimen
Page 29: Electrons and their interaction with the specimen

Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.

Electron Microscopy and Analysis,__________________________________________________________

Page 30: Electrons and their interaction with the specimen

Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.

Electron Microscopy and Analysis,__________________________________________________________

Page 31: Electrons and their interaction with the specimen

Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.

Electron Microscopy and Analysis,__________________________________________________________

Page 32: Electrons and their interaction with the specimen

Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.

Electron Microscopy and Analysis,__________________________________________________________

Page 33: Electrons and their interaction with the specimen

Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.

Electron Microscopy and Analysis,__________________________________________________________

Page 34: Electrons and their interaction with the specimen

Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.

Electron Microscopy and Analysis,__________________________________________________________

Page 35: Electrons and their interaction with the specimen

Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.

Electron Microscopy and Analysis,__________________________________________________________

Page 36: Electrons and their interaction with the specimen

Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.

Electron Microscopy and Analysis,__________________________________________________________

Page 37: Electrons and their interaction with the specimen

Reproduced by kind permission of Taylor and Francis Books UK under a Creative Commons Licence (BY-SA).Third Edition (electronic copy) by Peter J. Goodhew, John Humphreys, and Richard Beanland.

Electron Microscopy and Analysis,__________________________________________________________