elg;g epfo;tfs; - etk;gu; - 2019 - chennai ias academy · 2020. 11. 2. · vellore-9043211311...

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elg;G epfo;Tfs; - etk;gu; - 2019

tupirvz; nghUslf;fk; gf;f

vz;

1. jkpof epfo;Tfs; 3

2. Njrpa epfo;Tfs; 10

3. ru;tNjr epfo;Tfs; 35

4. Kf;fpa khehLfs; 37

5. nghUshjhu epfo;Tfs; 45

6. mwptpay;&njhopy;El;gk; 49

7. ghJfhg;G

&gaq;futhjk;

53

8. Gj;jfq;fs;

&vOj;jhsh;f;s;

55

9. Kf;fpa

jpdq;fs;&fUg;nghUs;

56


Jkpof epfo;Tfs;

Nfhapy; gpurhjk; - BHOG rhd;wpjo;:

tpiutpy; jkpo;ehl;by; cs;s Nfhtpy;fspy; gf;ju;fSf;F toq;fg;gLk; yl;L> KWf;F> til kw;Wk; gpw czT tif Nghd;w gpurhjq;fs; rpwe;j juj;Jld; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

khepy czTg; ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; kUe;J epu;thfkhdJ ,e;J rka mwepiyaj; Jiwapd; fPo; cs;s Nfhtpy;fs; BHOGju rhd;wpjiog; ngw Ntz;Lk; vd;W mwpTWj;jpAs;sJ.

flTSf;Fr; Rfhjhukhd czT gilj;jy; (BHOG - Blissful Hygiene offering to God) vd;w rhd;wpjohdJ ,e;jpa czTg; ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; ju epu;za Mizaj;jhy; (FSSAI – Food Safety and Standards Authority of India) toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

Nfhtpy;fspy; toq;fg;gLk; gpurhjq;fs; kw;Wk; rhg;gplf; $ba nghUl;fs; czTg; ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; juepiyr; rl;lk;> 2006 vd;w rl;lj;jpd; fPo; tUfpd;wd.

rptg;G epyg;gl VL kw;Wk; CFLOWS - nrd;id: nts;s Kd;ndr;rupf;if:

,e;jpaj; Jizf; FbauRj; jiytu; rkPgj;jpy; nrd;idapy; „rptg;G epyg;gl VL nray; jpl;l tiuglk;;‟ kw;Wk; flNyhu nts;s vr;rupf;if mikg;Gr; nrayp (Coastal Flood Warning System App – CFLOWS) Mfpatw;iwj; njhlq;fp itj;jhu;.

rptg;G epyg;gl VL vd;gJ nrd;idapy; jpwk;gl nts;sj;ijj; jLg;gjw;F jkpof murpw;F cjTtjw;fhf kj;jpa Gtp mwptpay; mikr;rfj;jhy; jahupf;fg;gl;l ,Nj tifiar; Nru;e;j KjyhtJ kjpg;gPL MFk;.

,e;j epyg;gl VlhdJ ntt;NtW kiof; fhyq;fSf;fhd rhj;jpakhd epfo;Neu epytuq;fisf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. ,J nts;sj;ijj; jLj;jy;> kPl;gpw;fhd jahu; epiy> mjw;fhd nray;ghLfs; kw;Wk; Nkyhz;ik mk;rq;fs; Mfpatw;iw Nehf;fq;fshff; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

CFLOWS - CHENNAI vd;gJ xU KOikahd> ,iza Gtpapay; jfty; Kiwikia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l xU jPu;T rhu;e;j MjuT mikg;ghFk;. nts;sj;jpw;F Kd; mtw;iwj; jLj;jy; Fwpj;j jpl;lkply; eltbf;iffSf;fhfTk; epthuzg; gzpfs; Nghd;w mk;rq;fSf;fhfTk; epfo;Neuj;jpy;,ijg; gad;gLj;jyhk;.

tpyq;FfSf;fhd elkhLk; kUj;Jt Cu;jp - 1962:

Vwf;Fiwa ,uz;L Mz;LfSf;F Kd;G mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l tpyq;FfSf;fhd elkhLk; kUj;Jt Cu;jp (AMMA - Animal Medical Mobile Ambulance) NritahdJ fle;j rpy khjq;fshf epWj;jp itf;fg;gl;L ,Ue;jJ.

jw;NghJ ,J kPz;Lk; jkpof Kjy;tuhy; Jtf;fp itf;fg; gl;bUf;fpd;wJ.

,jw;fhd fl;lzkpy;yh vz; 1962 MFk;.

,J Kd;dhs; Kjy;tu; n[ayypjhthy; 2016 Mk; Mz;by; Jtq;fp itf;fg;gl;lJ.

tpyq;FfSf;F> mjpYk; Fwpg;ghff; fhy;eilfspd; ,Ug;gplq;fSf;Nfr; nrd;W rpfpr;ir mspg;gjw;fhf mk;kh NritahdJ mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

jkpo;ehL fhy;eil kw;Wk; tpyq;F mwptpay; gy;fiyf; fofkhdJ ,e;jj; jpl;lj;jpw;fhd jiyik epWtdk; MFk;.

,e;jj; jpl;lj;jpw;F Njrpa Ntshz; Nkk;ghl;Lj; jpl;lj;jhy; epjpAjtp mspf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.


nfhe;jif mUq;fhl;rpafk;> rptfq;if khtl;lk; - fPob:

rptfq;if khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s nfhe;jif fpuhkj;jpy; 12.21 Nfhb nrytpy; cyfj; juk; tha;e;j mUq;fhl;rpafj;ij epWtj; jkpof muR jpl;lkpl;Ls;sJ.

fPob mfo;thuha;r;rp ,lj;jpypUe;J fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l fiyg; nghUl;fis ,e;j mUq;fhl;rpafkhdJ fhl;rpg;gLj;j ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

,J jkpo;ehl;bd; tskhd fyhr;rhuj;ijAk; ghuk;gupaj;ijAk; Kd;Ndhf;fp vLj;Jr; nry;tjw;fhfTk; gpugyg;gLj;Jtjw;fhfTk; epWtg;gl ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

ePjpf; fbfhuk; (gyif) - kjuh]; cau; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; kJiuf; fpis:

kjuh]; cau; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; kJiuf; fpisapd; epu;thfk;rhu; ePjpgjpahd b.v];.rptQhdk; vd;gtu; ePjpkd;w tshfj;jpy; „ePjpf; fbfhuj;ij (gyif)‟ jpwe;J itj;jhu;.

ePjpf; fbfhuk; vd;gJ gpd;tUk; jfty;fisf; fhl;Lk; xU xsp - ckpo; ,UKida (light - emitting diode - LED) fhl;rpg; gyifahFk;. o ePjpkd;wq;fspy; tof;Ffs; jhf;fy; nra;ag;gLjy;> epYitapy; cs;s tof;Ffs; kw;Wk;

ePjpkd;wq;fshy; jPu;j;J itf;fg;gl;l tof;Ffs; Mfpatw;wpd; mbg;gilapy; ehL KOtJk; cs;s midj;J ePjpkd;wq;fspd; jutupir

o gzpahw;wpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; ePjpgjpfspd; ngau;fs;. o ePjpgjpfspd; nray;ghLfs; mbg;gilapy; mtu;fsJ jutupir

,e;jf; fbfhuj;jpd; Kf;fpa Nehf;fk; ePjpj; Jiw rhu;e;j jfty;fisg; gug;gtJk; rhjhuz kf;fSf;F rl;l tpopg;Gzu;it Vw;gLj;JtJk; MFk;.

,e;jpah KOtJk; cs;s 3>350 ePjpkd;wq;fSf;Fkhd ,e;j NahridahdJ 2017 Mk; Mz;by; ,e;jpag; gpujkuhy; Kd;nkhopag;gl;lJ.

Kjy; fl;lkhf> ,e;j ePjpf; fbfhuq;fs; 24 cau; ePjpkd;wq;fspy; epWtg;gl ,Uf;fpd;wd. gpd;du; mJ kw;w midj;J ePjpkd;wq;fSf;Fk; ePl;bf;fg;gl ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

jkpo;ehL Gj;jkj Rw;Wyh Rw;Wg; ghij:

fhQ;rpGuj;jpy; Nghjpju;kupd; gpuk;khz;l rpiy xd;iwf; fl;lj; jkpof muR jpl;lkpl;Ls;sJ.

rPdhtpypUe;J Rw;Wyhg; gazpfis khky;yGuk;> ehfg;gl;bdk;> jpUth&u; cs;spl;l khepyk; KOtJk; MW ,lq;fs; milahsk; fhzg;gl;Ls;sd.

rPd Rw;Wyhg; gazpfSld; ciuahLtjw;fhf mbg;gil khz;lupd; nkhop Fwpj;J 10 Rw;Wyh topfhl;bfSf;Fg; gapw;rp mspf;f jkpo;ehL Rw;Wyhj; Jiw jpl;lkpl;Ls;sJ.

uh[uh[ Nrhod; - rjaj; jpUtpoh:

uh[huh[h Nrhodpd; gpwe;j ehisf; Fwpf;Fk; 1034tJ rjaj; jpUtpohthdJ jQ;rhT+upy; nfhz;;;lhlg;gLfpd;wJ.

mUs;nkhop tu;kdhfg; gpwe;j uh[uh[ Nrhod; 1010 Mk; Mz;by; jQ;rhT+upy; gpufjP];tuu; Nfhapy; my;yJ ngUTilahu; Nfhtpiyf; fl;bdhu;.


,tuJ Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy;> jkpo; ftpQu;fshd mg;gu;> rk;ge;ju; kw;Wk; Re;juu; MfpNahupd; E}y;fs; Nrfupf;fg;gl;L> jpUKiw vd;w xU njhFg;ghf khw;wpaikf;fg;gl;ld.

„Njhop‟ jpl;lk; :

Njhop vd;w jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; ghypay; td;nfhLik tof;Ffspy; (Nghf;N]h tof;Ffs;) ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fSf;F MNyhrid toq;f 70 ngz; fhtyu;fis nrd;id efu fhty;Jiw epakpj;Js;sJ.

nrd;idapy; midj;J kfspu; fhty; epiyaq;fs; 35 cs;sd. mtw;wpd; xt;nthU fhty; epiyaj;jpYk; Njhop jpl;lj;jpw;F ,uz;L ngz; fhtyu;fs; epakpf;fg;gLthu;fs;.

ngz; fhtyu;fs; Nghf;N]h tof;fpy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fSf;F MNyhrid toq;FtJ kl;Lky;yhky;> mtu;fSf;Fj; Njitahd midj;J cjtpfisAk; mtu;fs; fz;fhzpg;ghu;fs;.

ghJfhg;gpd; milahskhf epu;gah rpd;dj;Jld; gjpf;fg;gl;l ,sQ;rptg;Gg; Glitfs; ngz; fhtyu;fSf;F toq;fg;gLk;.

nrd;idapy; fhw;W khRghL:

rkPgj;jpy; nrd;idapy; cs;s fhw;wpy; 2.5 Ez;kj; Jfs;fshdit 100𝜇𝑚 /𝑚3vd;w msTf;F Nky; mjpfupj;jd.

kj;jpa khRf; fl;Lg;ghl;L thupaj;jpd; epfo;Neu fz;fhzpg;G epiyak; MdJ nrd;idapy; fhw;W juf; FwpaPl;bd; (Air Quality Index - AQI) msT njhlu;r;rpahf 300f;Fk; mjpfkhf cs;sJ vdg; gjpT nra;Js;sJ.

Njrpa Rw;Wg;Gw fhw;Wj; juepiyapd; gb (National Ambient Air Quality Standard - NAAQS)> 51-100f;F ,ilapyhd AQI msT jpUg;jpfukhff; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ.

nrd;id - fd;dpahFkup njhopw; Jiw ngUtopg; ghij:

jkpo;ehl;by; cs;s nrd;id - fd;dpahFkup njhopw; Jiw ngUtopg; ghijapd; (Chennai – Kanyakumari Industrial Corridor - CKIC) njw;F kw;Wk; tlf;Fg; gFjpfSf;F ,ilNaahd kpd; ,izg;ig tYg;gLj;j Mrpa tsu;r;rp tq;fpahdJ (Asian Development Bank - ADB) 451 kpy;ypad; lhyu; kjpg;gpyhd flDjtp mspf;f xg;Gjy; toq;fpAs;sJ.

fpof;Ff; flw;fiug; nghUshjhu ngUtopg; ghijahdJ (East Coast Economic Corridor - ECEC) ,e;jpahtpd; KjyhtJ flNyhug; nghUshjhug; ngUtopg; ghijahFk;. ,J ,e;jpaf; flw;fiuapd; 2500 fpNyh kPl;lu; njhiyit cs;slf;fpAs;sJ. ECEC MdJ Mrpa tsu;r;rp tq;fpapd; cjtpAld; cUthf;fg;gl ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

CKIC MdJ ECECd; ,uz;lhtJ epiyahFk;.

CKIC kw;Wk; mjd; cs;fl;likg;Gj; jpl;lkhdJ jkpof murpd; njhiyNehf;Fg; ghu;it 2023 kw;Wk; rhfu;kyh Kd;Kaw;rp Mfpatw;wpd; tupirapy; mika ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

cs;shl;rp mikg;Gj; Nju;jYf;fhf mtrur; rl;lk; :

khepy mikr;ruitapd; Kbitj; njhlu;e;J> jkpo;ehl;by; cs;s Nkau;fs; kw;Wk; efuhl;rpfspd; jiytu;fs; Mfpa gjtpfSf;F kiwKfj; Nju;jy;fis elj;Jtjw;fhd xU mtrur; rl;lkhdJ jkpo;ehl;bd; MSeuhd gd;thupyhy; GNuh`pj;jhy; mwptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

nghWg;Gilik> $l;Lg; nghWg;G Mfpait caupa Fbikg; gjtpfSf;F Neubj; Nju;jy; KiwapypUe;J kiwKfj; Nju;jy; Kiwf;F khw;Wtjw;fhdf; fhuzq;fshff; Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wd.


,e;j mtrur; rl;lk; gpd;tUk; rl;lq;fisj; jpUj;jpAs;sJ. o nrd;id efu khefuhl;rpr; rl;lk;> 1919> o jkpo;ehL khtl;l efuhl;rpfs; rl;lk;> 1920> o kJiu efu khefuhl;rpr; rl;lk;> 1971> o Nfhak;Gj;J}u; efu khefuhl;rpr; rl;lk;> 1981.

,J 15 khefuhl;rp mikg;Gfs;> 121 efuhl;rpfs; kw;Wk; 528 efug; gQ;rhaj;Jfs; my;yJ Ng&uhl;rpfs; Mfpatw;wpw;Fg; nghUe;Jk;.

ney; n[auhkd; - ney; Muha;r;rp ikak;> Flthry; :

fupk Ntshz;ikapd; Kd;Ndhbahd ney; n[auhkd; vd;gtUf;F kupahij nrYj;Jk; tifapy;> mtupd; ngaupy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l fupk Ntshz; gz;iz kw;Wk; ghuk;gupa ney; Muha;r;rp ikakhdJ jpwf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

“CREATE”vd;w muR rhuh epWtdkhdJ mtiu nfsutpg;gjw;fhf jpUth&u; khtl;lj;jpd; Flthry; mUNf ,e;j ikaj;ij epWtpAs;sJ.

160f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l ghuk;gupa ney; tpijfisg; GJg;gpj;j ney; n[auhkd; 2018 Mk; Mz;L brk;gu; 6 md;W Gw;W Nehapd; fhuzkhf fhykhdhu;.

mtu; njhlf;fj;jpy; 15 ney; tiffisr; Nrfupj;J> 2006 Mk; Mz;by; KjyhtJ ney; jpUtpohit (new;gapu; tpoh) elj;jpdhu;.

„/ghy; Mu;kp‟vd;Dk; GOthy; Vw;gLk; gapu;r; Nrjk; :

kf;fhr; Nrhsj;ij Nrjg;gLj;Jk; xU Mf;fpukpg;G capupdkhd /ghy; Mu;kp vd;Dk; GO jkpo;ehl;by; Rkhu; 1.2 yl;rk; n`f;Nlu; gug;gstpy; Nrjj;ij Vw;gLj;jp ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

2019 Mk; Mz;by;> nguk;gY}u;> tpUJefu;> Nryk;> jpUney;Ntyp> jpz;Lf;fy; kw;Wk; jpUr;rp khtl;lq;fspy; ,e;jg; GOthy; ghjpg;G Vw;gl;Ls;sJ.

rpwhu; fhty; epiyak; jkpo;ehl;by; njhlf;fk;; :

jpUts;Su;> jpUj;jzp kw;Wk; J}j;Jf;Fb Mfpa khtl;lq;fspy; rpwhu; fhty; epiyak; njhlq;fp itf;fg;gl;lJ ,jw;F Kd;G “ghykpj;uh” vd;w ngaupy; i`juhgj;jpy; rpwhu; fhty; epiyak; njhlq;fp itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

Nghf;Nrh rl;lk; 2012Mk; Mz;L Kjy; nray;ghl;by; ,Ue;J tUfpwJ. 18 taJf;Ff; Fiwthd midj;Jf; Foe;ijfSk; ghypd tpj;jpahrkpd;wp ghypay; Jd;GWj;jypy; ,Ue;J fhg;gjw;fhf nfhz;L tug;gl;l rl;lk; ,J.

jpy;yp rh;tNjr th;j;jf fz;fhl;rpapy; jkpo;ehL ehs; tpoh njhlf;fk;; :

jpy;yp gpufjp ikjhdj;jpy; eilngw;W tUk; 39-MtJ ,e;jpa ru;tNjr tu;j;jff; fz;fhl;rpapy; jkpo;ehL ehs; tpohit jkpof nra;jp kw;Wk; tpsk;guj; Jiw mikr;ru; flk;g+u; uh[_ njhlf;fp itj;jhu;.

tpoh eilngw;w jpwe;jntsp muq;fpy; kq;fy ,ir> fhtbahl;lk;> jg;ghl;lk;> fufhl;lk; cs;spl;l fiy epfo;r;rpfs; eilngw;wd.

“tzpfj;ij vspikahf;Fjy;” vd;w fUg;nghUspy; ru;tNjr tu;j;jff; fhz;fhl;rpapy; jkpof muq;F jahu; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.


jkpofj;jpy; Kjy;tu; godprhkp jiyikapy; eilngwk; jpl;lq;fs; Fwpj;J jpy;yptho; jkpou;fSk;> gpw khepy kf;fSk; mwpe;J nfhs;Sk; tifapy; fz;fhl;rp muq;F mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

nrd;idapy; tUkhd tup tof;FfSf;fhd ,-ePjpkd;wk; :

nrd;idapy; tUkhd tup Nky;KiwaPl;L jPu;g;ghaj;jpy; tof;Ffis tprhupf;Fk; tifapy; ,-ePjpkd;wk; (etuk;gu; 15) njhlq;fg;gl;lJ. tUkhd tup Nky;KiwaPl;L jPu;g;ghaj;jpd; nray;jpwid Nkk;gLj;Jk; tifapy; fle;j 2012-Mk; Mz;L Kjy; gy;NtW Gjpa njhopy;El;gq;fs; mwpKfg;gLs;sd. ,jd;gb jpy;yp> ehfGup> Kk;ig> mfkjhghj; Mfpa gFjpfspy; ,-ePjpkd;wq;fs; nray;gl;L tUfpd;wd.

jkpofj;jpy; &.100 Nfhbapy; kpd;rhu Ml;Nlhf;fs;; :

jkpofj;jpy; &. 100 Nfhb KjyPl;by; kpd;rhu Ml;Nlhf;fspd; cw;gj;jp gj;J ehs;fspy; njhlq;Fk; vd;W Kjy;tu; Nf. godprhkp mwptpj;Js;shu;.

NkYk; ngl;Nuhy; Ml;Nlhf;fis #oYf;F cfe;j kpd;rhu Ml;Nlhf;fshf khw;wp ,af;Fk; jpl;lj;jpy; &. 100 Nfhb KjyPl;by; Nf.vk;.rp.> kw;Wk; nksNlh vnyf;l;upf; epWtdq;fs; ,ize;J kpd;rhu Ml;Nlhf;fis ,e;j khj ,Wjpapy; ,Ue;J gbg;gbahf cw;gj;jp nra;aTs;sd.

100 gs;spfs; jpl;lk;; :

jd;dhu;t jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; njhopy;El;g epWtdq;fs; “100 gs;spfs; jpl;lj;ij” ntw;wpfukhf epiwNtw;wpAs;sd. 2015 Mk; Mz;L Vw;gl;l ngUk; nts;s Nrj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l nrd;id> fhQ;rpGuk;> jpUts;Su; khtl;lq;fspy; cs;s muR gs;spfis Nkk;gLj;JtNj ,e;j “Project 100 School” jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fkhFk;.

kzpthf;fj;jpy; eilngw;w muR gs;spfs; kw;Wk; gQ;rhaj;J xd;wpa koiyau; gs;spfs; fl;blj;ij jpwe;j itf;Fk; epfo;r;rpapy; fy;tpj;Jiw mikr;ru;.

jkpo;ehL cs;fl;likg;G epjpf;F &.720 Nfhb:

jkpo;ehL cs;fl;likg;G epjp kw;Wk; ciwtpl epjpf;F &.720 Nfhbia


fle;j 1499-Mk; Mz;L jdJ 30-MtJ tajpy; Qhdk; ngw;W nja;tPf epiyia mile;jtu; gfthd; FUehdf; mtu; jdJ Nghjidfshy; kf;fis ey;topg;gLj;jp mtu;fspilNa epytp te;j %lg; gof;f tof;fq;fisf; fise;jhu;.

nrq;fy;gl;by; ru;tNjr Nahfh ikak;; :

nrq;fy;gl;by; ru;tNjr Nahfh kw;Wk; ,aw;if kUj;Jt mwptpay; ikaj;Jf;fhd mbf;fy;iy Kjy;tu; godprhkp ehl;bdhu;.

jpUg;g+u;> Njd;fdpf;Nfhl;il x#u;> rpjk;guk;> fhiuf;Fb Mfpa ,lq;fspy; fl;lg;gl;l Gjpa kUj;Jtkid fl;llq;fis Kjy;tu; jpwe;Jitj;jhu;.

,e;jpahtpNyNa Kjy; Kiwahf jkpofj;jpy; ru;tNjr juj;jpy; Nahfh kw;Wk; ,aw;if kUj;Jtj;ij Cf;Ftpf;Fk; tifapy; cyfj;juk; tha;e;j ru;tNjr Nahfh kw;Wk; ,aw;if kUj;Jt mwptpay; ikak; nrq;fy;gl;L muR kUj;Jtf;fy;Y}up tshfj;jpy; epWtg;gLk; vd;W rl;lg;Nguitapy; Kjy;tu; vlg;ghb Nf.godprhkp mwptpj;jhu;.

,e;j mwptpg;gpd;gb> 50 Vf;fu; gug;gpy; &.96.31 Nfhb kjpg;gpy; Nahfh kw;Wk; ,aw;if kUj;Jt mwptpay; ikaf; fl;llj;Jf;F Kjy;tu; mbf;fy; ehl;bdhu;.

nrd;idapy; tpiutpy; kUe;J cw;gj;jp g+q;fh:

mjp etPd kUe;J cw;gj;jp g+q;fh nrd;idapy; tpiutpy; njhlq;f eltbf;if vLf;fg;gLk; vd Rfhjhuj;Jiw.

nrd;id –fd;dpahFkhup njhopy; ngUtopr; rhiy jpl;lk; :

nrd;id-fd;dpahFkhup ,ilapyhd njhopy; ngUtopr; rhiy jpl;lj;jpy; njw;F tlf;F gFjpfSf;F ,ilNaahd kpd; ,izg;ig tYg;gLj;j Mrpa Nkk;ghl;L tq;fp 5451 kpy;ypad; (&.3200 Nfhb) fld; cjtp toq;fp cs;sJ.

nrd;id-fd;dpahFkup njhopy; ngUtopr; rhiy jpl;lk; :

&.64.48 kpy;ypad; kjpg;Gs;s ,j;jpl;lj;jpw;fhf jkpof njhopy;Jiw lTd;\pg; gFjp Nkk;ghl;L Mizia rl;lk; 1997 jpUj;jk; nra;ag;gl;lJ.

njd; khtl;lq;fspd; njhopy; tsu;r;rpf;fhf 9 Gjpa njhopy; G+q;fhf;fs; Vw;gLj;j muR eltbf;if vLj;J tUfpwJ. ,jw;nfd 19 Mauj;J 615 Vf;fu; epyk; ifafg;gLj;j epu;thf mDkjp mspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mNjNghy> kJiu - J}j;Jf;Fb njhopy; topr; rhiyj; jpl;lk; nrd;id - fd;dpahFkup njhopy; ngUtopr;rhiyj; jpl;lkhfr; nray;gLj;j KbT nra;ag;gl;L> tpupthd Nkk;ghl;Lj; jpl;lk; jahupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,j;jpl;lk; 6 Kidaq;fshfr; nray;gLj;jg;gLk;. Kjy;fl;lkhf kJiu - jpz;Lf;fy; - tpUJefu; - NjdP kw;Wk; J}j;Jf;Fb - jpUney;Ntyp Mfpa 2 Kidaq;fs; nray;gLj;jg;gLk;.

mk;kh ,isQu; tpisahl;L jpl;lk; mwpKfk; :

jkpofj;jpy; cs;s midj;J fpuhk Cuhl;rpfspy; mk;kh ,isQu; tpisahl;L jpl;lk; nray;gLj;j &.76 NfhbNa 23 yl;rk; epjp xJf;fp jkpof muR cj;jutpl;Ls;sJ.

,isQu;fspd; tpisahl;Lj; jpwid Cf;Ftpf;fTk;.


mij ntspf;nfhzuTk; 2019-20 Mz;by; jkpofj;jpy; cs;s midj;J 12>524 fpuhk Cuhl;rpfs; kw;Wk; 528 Ng&uhl;rpfspy; &.64 NfhbNa 35 yl;rk; kjpg;gpy; mk;kh ,isQu; tpisahl;Lj; jpl;lk; nray;gLj;jg;gLk; vd mwptpj;jhu;.

fgb> thypghy;> fpupf;nfl; my;yJ fhy;ge;J tpisahl;Lfspy; Cuhl;rp xd;wpak;> khtl;lk; kw;Wk; khepy mstpy; Nghl;bfis elj;Jjy;> MLfsq;fs; mikj;jy;> tpisahl;L cgfuzq;fs; nfhs;Kjy; nra;J toq;Fjy;> jpwe;jntsp clw;gapw;rp ikak; mikj;jy; Mfpa gpupTfspy; fPo; ,e;j 2019-20 Mz;by; ,j;jpl;lj;ij nray;gLj;j cs;sJ.

xl;Leu; chpkk; ngw fy;tp jFjp Njitapy;iy Nghf;Ftuj;J Jiw cj;juT:

xl;Leu; cupkk; ngw Fiwe;jgl;rf; fy;tpj; jFjp ngw Ntz;Lk; vd;w tpjpia jkpof Nghf;Ftuj;Jj; Jiw ePf;fpAs;sJ.

,e;jpahtpy; 1939-Mk; Mz;L Nkhl;lhu; thfdr; rl;lk; nfhz;L Nkhl;lhu; thfdr; rl;lk; nfhz;L tug;gl;lJ. Vwj;jho 50 Mz;LfSf;Fg; gpd;du; 1988-Mk; Mz;L Nkhl;lhu; thfdr; rl;lk; Kjd;Kiwahf khWjYf;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. jkpofj;jpy; 1947-Mk; Mz;L jkpof murhy; rpy Nkhl;lhu; thfd tpjpKiwfs; mky;gLj;jg;gl;;ld.

Nkhl;lhu; thfd rl;lj;jpUj;j kNrhjh 2017-Mk; Mz;L kf;fsitapy; mwpKfk; nra;ag;gl;L> epiyf;FO mspj;j rpy gupe;JiufSld; epiwNtw;wg;gl;lJ.

rhiyg; Nghf;Ftuj;J tpjpKiwfisg; GJg;gpj;jy;> rhiy ghJfhg;igg; guhkupj;jy;> Coiy xopj;jy;> rpwe;j njhopy; El;gq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jjy; Mfpatw;;Wf;fhf ,e;j rl;lj; jpUj;j kNrhjh nfhz;L tug;gl;Ls;sJ.

fduf thfd xl;Leu; cupkk; ngWtjw;F ,Ue;J te;j fy;tpj; jFjp jil ePq;fp cs;sJ. ,e;j tpjpKiw jw;NghJ jkpofj;jpy; mkYf;F te;Js;sjhf Nghf;Ftuj;Jj; Jiw Mizau; rka%u;j;jp mwptpj;Js;shu;.

kJiu cyfj; jkpo;r; rq;fj;jpy; fPob njhy;nghUs; fz;fhl;rp:

kJiu cyfj; jkpo;r; rq;fj;jpy; fPob mfoha;tpy; fz;nlLf;fg;gl;l njhy;ypay; nghUs;fspd; fz;fhl;rpia> Kjy;tu; vlg;ghb> Nf.godprhkp fhnzhypf; fhl;rp %yk; jpwe;J itj;jhu;.

rptfq;if khtl;lk; fPobapy; eilngw;w Mfoha;tpy; 2.500 Mz;LfSf;F Kd; mq;F tho;e;j kdpju;fs; gad;gLj;jpa 4 Mapuj;Jf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l nghUs;fs; fz;nlLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

jw;NghJ fPobapy; mfoha;T eilngw;w gFjp %lg;gl;Ltpl;lJ. ,ijj; njhlu;e;J> fPob mfoha;tpy; fz;nlLf;fg;gl;l nghUs;fisf;nfhz;L kJiu cyfj; jkpo;r; rq;fj;jpy; fz;fhl;rp elj;jg;gLk; vd;W mikr;ru; f. ghz;ba uh[d; mwptpj;jpUe;jhu;.

mjd;gb> fPob njhy;ypay; nghUs; fz;fhl;rp jpwg;G tpoh eilngw;wJ. ,f;fz;fhl;rpia> Kjy;tu; nrd;idapypUe;J fhnzhypf; fhl;rp %yk; jpwe;J itj;jhh;.

ePh;g;ghrdk; jpl;lj;ij jkpofk; tpupTgLj;JfpwJ:

cyftq;fpapd; cjtpAld; jkpo;ehL ghrd Ntshz; etPdkakhf;fy; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; 649.55 Nfhb &gha; nrytpy; NkYk; 16 Jizg; gLiffis Nru;f;f khepy muR mDkjpj;Js;sJ.

Kjy; fl;lj;jpd; fPo;> 18 Jizg; gLiffspy; gzpfs; ele;J tUfpd;wd. ,jw;fhf Rkhu; 744 Nfhb &gha; xJf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

mahfl; kw;Wk; czT cw;gj;jpapd; ghJfhg;G mjpfupg;gNj jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fk; 2017 Mk; Mz;by; njhlq;fg;gl;l jkpo;ehL ePu;g;ghrd Ntshz; etPdkakhf;fy; jpl;lk;-II xUq;fpize;j ePu;g;ghrd


tpthra etPdkakhf;fy; kw;Wk; ePu;epiyfs; kWrPuikg;G Nkyhz;ik jpl;lj;jpd; njhlr;rpahdJ 2024 tiu njhlUk;.

Jiz FbauRj; jiytu; vk;. ntq;ifah ehAL>“nul; ml;y]; nray; jpl;l tiuglj;ij ntspapl;lhu;. ,J nrdidapy; jpwk;gl nts;sj;ijj; jzpf;f jkpof muRf;F cjt g+kp mwptpay; mikr;rfj;jhy; jahupf;fg;gl;l xU tifahd fzf;fPL MFk;. jkpo;ehL 2015y; kpf Nkhrkhd nts;sj;ij fz;lJ

ntt;NtW kiof;fhyq;fSf;fhd rhj;jpakhd fhl;rpfisf; nfhz;l tiuglk;> nts;sj;;ijj; jzpj;jy;> jah;epiy> nray;ghLfs; kw;Wk; Nkyhz;ik mk;rq;fis nfhz;Ls;sJ.

Jiz [dhjpgjpahy; njhlq;fg;gl;l ,e;j ml;y]; kw;Wk; “fiuNahu nts;s vr;rupf;if mikg;G gad;ghL (rp.v/g; vy;.X.v]; nrd;id)” Mfpait jLg;G cs;spl;l mikrq;fis cs;slf;fpaJ.

Njrpa epfo;Tfs;

Kjpatu;fs; kw;Wk; khw;Wj; jpwdhspfSf;fhd mQ;ry; thf;F:

Nju;jy; elj;ij tpjpfs; 1961I kj;jpa rl;lj; Jiw mikr;rfk; jpUj;jpAs;sJ.

,e;j jpUj;jkhdJ khw;Wj;jpwdhsp thf;fhsu;fSf;Fk; 80 taJf;F Nkw;gl;ltu;fSf;Fk; thf;fspg;G kw;Wk; thf;Fr;rPl;L thf;fspg;ig toq;Ftjw;fhd mjpfhuj;ijf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,J mtu;fis „thf;fspf;fj; jtwpa thf;fhsu;fs;‟ vd;w gpuptpy; Nru;j;Js;sJ.

Nju;jypy; thf;F rjtPjj;ij mjpfupf;Fk; nghUl;L> KjpNahu;fs; kw;Wk; khw;Wj; jpwdhspfs; MfpNahUf;F ,e;j trjpia muR toq;FfpwJ.

Nju;jy; Mizaj;jpd; gupe;Jiug;gb kj;jpa rl;lj; Jiw mikr;rfk; ,e;j mwptpg;ig ntspapl;Ls;sJ.

„thf;fspf;f tu Kbahj thf;fhsu;fs;‟ vd;W NfhUtjw;fhd G+u;j;jp nra;a Ntz;ba tpz;zg;g gbtj;jpd; khjpup jw;nghOJ jahupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,e;jg; gbtj;ij rku;g;gpg;gjd; %yk; %j;j Fbkf;fs; kw;Wk; 80 taJf;F Nkw;gl;l khw;Wj; jpwdhsp thf;fhsu;fs; jghy; thf;Fr;rPl;ilf; Nfhuyhk;.

jw;Nghija mikg;gpy;> ,uhZt &Jiz uhZt tPuu;fs; kw;Wk; ntspehLfspy; gzpGupAk; muR Copau;fs;> Nju;jy; gzpapy; gzpaku;j;jg;gl;l Copau;fs; kl;LNk mQ;ry; thf;Fr;rPl;ilg; ngw cupik cilatu;fs; Mtu;.

ru;tNjr capup ,e;jpah 2019:

ru;tNjr capup ,e;jpah 2019 MdJ kpfg;ngupa capup njhopy;El;g gq;Fjhuu;fspd; $l;likg;Gfspy; xd;whFk;. ,J ,e;jpahtpy; Kjy; Kiwahf GJ jpy;ypapy; elj;jg;gl ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

,J mwptpay; kw;Wk; njhopy;El;g mikr;rfj;jpd; fPo; cs;s capup njhopy;El;gj; Jiw kw;Wk; capupj; njhopy;El;gj; njhopy; Muha;r;rp cjtp kd;wk; (BIRAC) Mfpatw;why; xUq;fpizf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.


,J cs;ehl;L Muha;r;rpj; jpwd;fs;> capupj; njhopy;KidNthu;> KjyPLfs; kw;Wk; njhiyJ}uj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; fpuhkg;Gw ,e;jpah kw;Wk; ,uz;lhk; &%d;whk; epiy efuq;fspy; njhopy;El;gj;jpd; tpepNahfj;ij tYg;gLj;j gq;Fjhuu;fis xd;wpizg;gij Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

Mf;fg;G+u;t efuq;fSf;fhd And];Nfh mq;fPfhuk; :

cyf efuq;fs; jpdj;ij Kd;dpl;L And];Nfh mikg;ghdJ i`juhghj; efuj;ij “mWRit cztpay;” vd;w tifapd; fPo; “Mf;fg;G+u;t efuk;” vd;W mwptpj;Js;sJ.

NkYk; Kk;ig efuKk; “jpiug;gl tifapd;” fPo; “Mf;fg;G+u;t efuk;” vd;w FwpaPl;ilg; ngw;Ws;sJ.

,e;j Mz;by; And];Nfh mikg;G Nju;e;njLj;j 66 nghypTW efuq;fspy; i`juhghj; kw;Wk; Kk;ig kl;LNk ,e;jpahtpypUe;Jj; Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;l ,uz;L efuq;fs; MFk;.

,jw;F Ke;ija Mz;Lfspy; nrd;id> thuzhrp kw;Wk; n[a;g;G+u; Mfpa efuq;fs; ,e;jg; gl;baypy; Nru;f;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

And];Nfh mikg;ghdJ VO gpupTfspd; mbg;gilapy; “Mf;fg;G+u;t efuq;fs;” vd;w me;j];ij toq;Ffpd;wJ.

ngz;fSf;F kpfTk; ghJfhg;gw;w khepyk; cj;jug; gpuNjrk;: NCRB 2017 Mk; Mz;Lj; juT:

,e;j mwpf;ifapd;gb> ehl;by; ngz;fSf;F vjpuhf 3.59 yl;rk; Fw;w tof;Ffs; gjpthfpAs;sd. mtw;wpy; 56>011 tof;FfSld; cj;jug; gpuNjrk; ,e;jg; gl;baypy; Kjyplj;jpy; cs;sJ.

mijj; njhlu;e;J kfhuh\;buhtpy; 31>979 Fw;w tof;FfSk; Nkw;F tq;fj;jpy; 30>002 tof;FfSk; gjpthfpAs;sd.

,e;j mwpf;ifapd; gb>„ngz;fSf;F vjpuhd Fw;wk;‟ vd;gjd; tiuaiwapy; nfhiy> fw;gopg;G> tujl;riz kuzk;> jw;nfhiy nra;jy;> mkpyj; jhf;Fjy;> ngz;fSf;F vjpuhd nfhLik kw;Wk; flj;jy; Mfpait mlq;Fk;.

Njrpa Fw;w Mtzf; fhg;gfj;jpd; (National Crime Records Bureau - NCRB) gb> 2017 Mk; Mz;by; GNdtpy; cs;s jq;Fk; tpLjpfs; ngz;fSf;F kpfTk; ghJfhg;gw;wjhf ,Ue;jd. ,jpy; 26 ghypay; Jd;GWj;jy;fs; gjpthfpAs;sd. mijj; njhlu;e;J Kk;ig (24 ghypay; Jd;GWj;jy;fs;) efukhdJ ngz;fSf;F kpfTk; ghJfhg;gw;wjhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

gzpaplj;jpy; Jd;GWj;jy;> nghJg; Nghf;Ftuj;J> jq;Fkplk; kw;Wk; tpLjpfs; cs;spl;l gpw ,lq;fs; cs;spl;l ,Ug;gplj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l ghypay; Jd;GWj;jy; Fwpj;j jfty;fis NCRB toq;FtJ ,JNt Kjy; KiwahFk;.

epjp cs;slf;fy; - ,e;jpah 5tJ ,lk; :

nghUshjhu Ez;zwpTg; gpupT (Economist Intelligence Unit - EIU) kjpg;gPl;bd;gb> tsu;e;J tUk; ehLfspilNa epjp cs;slf;fj;jpy; Ie;jhtJ cfe;j R+oiyf; nfhz;Ls;s ehL ,e;jpah MFk;.

epjp cs;slf;fy; Fwpj;j mjd; cyfshtpa Ez;k mwpf;ifahdJ cyfstpy; nghUshjhu ghu;itahsu;fshy; kpfTk; kjpf;fg; gLfpd;wJ.

,e;jj; jutupirapd; KjyhtJ gjpg;ghdJ 2007 Mk; Mz;by; ntspaplg;gl;lJ.

EIU,d; Ma;thdJ ehd;F mbg;gil msTUf;fis fzf;fpy; vLj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;wJ. o tq;fpg; gzp my;yhjtu;fs; kpd;dZ gzj;ij toq;f KbAkh vd;gJ Fwpj;j msTU. o epjpr; Nrit Kftu;fspd; ,Ug;G o jsuh Cf;fj;jpd; fhuzkhf rupahd msTs;s thbf;ifahsu; o jpwDs;s epjpapay; Efu;Nthu; ghJfhg;G.


Njrpag; goq;Fbapd eldj; jpUtpoh @ uha;g;G+u; :

brk;gu; 27 Mk; Njjp Kjy; brk;gu; 29 Mk; Njjp tiu uha;g;G+upy; %d;W ehs; eilngWk; Njrpag; goq;Fbapd eldj; jpUtpohit rj;jP];fu; muR elj;jTs;sJ.

,e;epfo;r;rpf;fhd miog;ghdJ midj;J khepyq;fSf;Fk; mz;il ehLfSf;Fk; tpupTgLj;jg;gl ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

ehL KOtJk; ,Ue;J Rkhu; 2>500 goq;Fbapdf; fiyQu;fs; ,e;epfo;r;rpapy; gq;Nfw;f ,Uf;fpd;whu;fs;.

,e;j tpohthdJ goq;Fbapdr; r%fj;jpd; jpUkzk;> gapu; mWtil> ghuk;gupa jpUtpoh kw;Wk; gpw epfo;r;rpfs; njhlu;ghd eld epfo;TfisAk; gpujpgypf;f ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

cyfpd; rpwe;j jiyik epu;thf mjpfhupfs; - 3 ,e;jpau;fs; ,lk; gpbj;Js;sdu; :

`hu;tu;l; tzpf Ma;T (Harvard Business Review - HBR) mikg;gpdhy; njhFf;fg;gl;l rpwe;j jiyik epu;thf mjpfhupfspd; gl;baypy; ,e;jpa tk;rhtspiar; Nru;e;j %d;W jiyik epu;thf mjpfhupfs; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sdu;.

HBRapdhy; ntspaplg;gl;l „cyfpd; rpwe;j nray;jpwd; nfhz;l jiyik epu;thf mjpfhupfs;> 2019‟ vd;w gl;baypy; 100 jiyik epu;thf mjpfhupfs; cs;sdu;.

,e;jg; gl;baypy; mnkupf;f njhopy;El;g epWtdkhd vd;tpIbIV vd;w mikg;gpd; jiyik epu;thf mjpfhupahd n[d;rd; `{thq; Kjyplj;ijg; gpbj;Js;shu;.

,e;jg; gl;baypy; mNlhg; epWtdj;jpd; jiyik epu;thf mjpfhupahd rhe;jD ehuhnad; 6tJ ,lj;jpYk; kh];lu;fhu;L epWtdj;jpd; jiyik epu;thf mjpfhupahd m[a; gq;fh 7tJ ,lj;jpYk; ikf;Nuhrhg;l; epWtdj;jpd; jiytuhd ehnjy;yh 9tJ ,lj;jpYk; cs;sdu;.

,e;jj; jutupirahdJ epjpapay; nray;ghL kl;Lky;yhky; Rw;Wr;R+oy;> r%f kw;Wk; MSik Mfpatw;wpd; kjpg;gPLfisAk; mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Ls;sJ vd;W me;j mikg;G $wpAs;sJ.

Njrpa ePu;topg; ghij - 2y; KjyhtJ ruf;Fg; Nghf;Ftuj;J:

`hy;bah fg;gy; Jiw tshfj;jpypUe;J cs;ehl;L ePu;topg; ghij - 2d; (National Waterway - 2) topNa xU Kf;fpa nfhs;fy ruf;Ff; fg;gyhdJ 2019 Mk; Mz;L etk;gu; 4 Mk; Njjpad;W Ft`hj;jpapd; ghz;Ltpy; cs;s ,e;jpa cs;ehl;L ePu;top Mizaj;jpd; (IWAI - Inland Waterways Authority of India) Kidaj;jpw;Fr; nry;y ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

,e;j 12-15 ehl;fs; gazkhdJ gpd;tUtdtw;wpd; topNa nry;Yk; xU xUq;fpize;j cs;ehl;L ePu;topg; Nghf;Ftuj;J MFk;. o Njrpa ePu;topg; ghij - 1 (fq;if ejp) o Njrpa ePu;topg; ghij - 97 (Re;jutdf; fhLfs;) o ,e;jpah - tq;f Njr newpKiwg; ghij (Indo Bangladesh Protocol - IBP)kw;Wk; o Njrpa ePu;topg; ghij - 2 (gpuk;kGj;uh ejp)

,e;j cs;ehl;L ePu;topg; Nghf;Ftuj;Jg; ghijapy;> mjhtJ NW-2,y; Kjd;Kjypy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; nfhs;fy ruf;Fg; Nghf;Ftuj;J ,JNtahFk;.

,e;jpahtpd; Gjpa murpay; tiuglk; :

[k;K - fh\;kPu; khepyj;ij kWrPuikj;jg; gpd;du; ,e;jpahtpd; Gjpa murpay; tiuglj;ij kj;jpa cs;Jiw mikr;rfk; ntspapl;Ls;sJ.

,e;jpahtpd; Gjpa tiuglk; 28 khepyq;fisAk; 9 A+dpad; gpuNjrq;fisAk; nfhz;Ls;sJ.


,e;jpahtpd; ,e;j ,uz;L Gjpa A+dpad; gpuNjrq;fSk; 2019 Mk; Mz;L mf;Nlhgu; 31 md;W Kiwahf eilKiwf;F te;jd.

2019 Mk; Mz;L etk;gu; 02 md;W> Gjpa A+dpad; gpuNjrq;fspd; tiuglk; ntspaplg;gl;lJ.

Gjpa tiuglj;jpd;gb> ghfp];jhd; Mf;fpukpg;G fh\;kPupd; kPu;G+u; kw;Wk; Krhguhghj; Mfpa khtl;lq;fs; [k;K-fh\;kPupd; xU gFjpahf tptupf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

,e;j ,uz;L khtl;lq;fSld; Nru;j;J [k;K-fh\;kPupy; nkhj;jk; 22 khtl;lq;fs; ,Uf;Fk;.

,e;j tiuglkhdJ ,e;jpaf; fs Ma;T ,af;Fduhy; jahupf;fg;gl;lJ.

KVS xNu ghujk; tskhd ghujk; epfo;T:

Nfe;jpupah tpj;ahyah rq;fjdpd; (Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan - KVS) ngUk; fyhr;rhu kw;Wk; ,yf;fpa epfo;thd xNu ghujk; tskhd ghujk; epfo;T GJby;ypapy; epiwtile;jJ.

,ij kj;jpa kdpjts Nkk;ghl;L mikr;rfj;jpd; fPo; Nfe;jpupa tpj;ahyah rq;fjd; Vw;ghL nra;Js;sJ.

xNu ghujk; tskhd ghujk; gpuptpd; fPo; xl;Lnkhj;j ntw;wpahsuhf nfhy;fj;jh gpuhe;jpak; Kjy; ,lj;ijg; gpbj;jJ.

ru;jhu; ty;ygha; gNlypd; 140tJ gpwe;j ehis Kd;dpl;L “xNu ghujk; tskhd ghujk;” jpl;lkhdJ 2015 Mk; Mz;L mf;Nlhgu; 31 md;W gpujkuhy; mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ.

,J kj;jpa kdpj ts Nkk;ghl;L mikr;rfj;jpd; fPo; cs;s xU jpl;lkhFk;.

Njrpa Adhdp kUj;Jt Muha;r;rp epWtdk; :

kj;jpa MA\; mikr;rfj;jpd; ,izaikr;ruhd =gj; ehaf; vd;gtu; (jdpg; nghWg;G) Njhy; Neha;fSf;fhd Njrpa Adhdp kUj;Jt Muha;r;rp epWtdj;ijj; jpwe;J itj;jhu;.

,e;j epWtdkhdJ i`juhghj;jpy; cs;s kj;jpa Adhdp kUj;Jt Muha;r;rp epWtdj;jpypUe;J Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;ljhFk;.

MA\; MdJ MAu;Ntjk;> Nahfh> ,aw;if kUj;Jtk;> Adhdp> rpj;jh kw;Wk; N`hkpNahgjp Mfpatw;iw cs;slf;fpa 6 ,e;jpa kUj;Jt Kiwfis cs;slf;fpAs;sJ.

epzePu; ahidf;fhy; Neha; (ahidf;fhy; Neha;) gw;wpa Njrpaf; fUj;juq;F:

“ahidf;fhy; Nehia xopg;gjw;fhf xd;wpizjy;” vd;w fUg;nghUs; nfhz;l xU Njrpaf; fUj;juq;fhdJ kj;jpa Rfhjhu kw;Wk; FLk;g eyj; Jiw mikr;ru; `u;\ tu;jdhy; njhlq;fp itf;fg;gl;lJ.

NkYk; 2021 Mk; Mz;bw;Fs; ;ahidf;fhy; Nehia xopg;gjw;fhf vLf;fg;gl Ntz;ba eltbf;if kPjhd miog;gpYk;‟ kj;jpa mikr;ru; ifnaOj;jpl;lhu;.

epzePu; ahidf;fhy; NehahdJ nghJthf ahidf;fhy; Neha; vd;W miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,J xU Gwf;fzpf;fg;gl;l ntg;gkz;ly Nehahff; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ.

,J xU Neha;g; gug;gpapd; %yk; guTk; NehahFk;. ,J /gpyhupNahbbah FLk;gj;ijr; Nru;e;j cUisg; GOf;fs; vd tifg;gLj;jg;gl;l xl;Lz;zpfspd; njhw;W fhuzkhf Vw;gLfpwJ


jhf;j; juprd ahj;jpiu:

rPf;fpa kjj;ij epWtpatuhd FU ehdf; Njtpd; 550tJ gpwe;j ehisf; Fwpf;Fk; tifapy;> ,e;jpa fyhr;rhu cwTfs; kd;wkhdJ (Indian Council for Cultural Relations - ICCR)gy;NtW ehLfisr; Nru;e;j rPf;fpa ,isQu;fSf;fhf „jhf;j; juprd ahj;jpiuia‟ Vw;ghL nra;aTs;sJ.

jhf;j; juprd ahj;jpiuahdJ gPfhupd; ghl;dhtpy; cs;s ghl;dh rh`pg;> gQ;rhg;gpd; mkpu;jru]; efupy; cs;s nghw;Nfhapy; (my;yJ = `u;ke;jpu; rh`pg; my;yJ ju;ghu; rh`pg;) kw;Wk; kfhuh\;buhtpd; ee;Njjpy; cs;s `R+u; rhN`g; Mfpa %d;W jhf;j;Jfis cs;slf;f ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

ghgh FU ehdf; Njtpd; Nghjidfs; kw;Wk; midtUf;Fkhd ey;tho;tpy; rPf;fpa kjj;jpd; gq;fspg;G kPjhd ru;tNjr ,isQu; fUj;juq;F cs;spl;l ,Nj tifiar; Nru;e;j xU KjyhtJ tifahd epfo;r;rpiaAk; ICCRVw;ghL nra;J tUfpd;wJ.

ICCRMdJ ,e;jpa murpd; xU jd;dhl;rp ngw;w mikg;ghFk;. ,J fyhr;rhug; gupkhw;wj;jpd; %yk; ,e;jpahtpd; ntspehl;Lf; fyhr;rhu cwTfspy; 2019 MdJ gQ;rhg; tpjhd; rigahy; epiwNtw;wg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,J mk;khepy Kjyikr;rupd; MNyhrfu;fshf epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;s MSk; fhq;fpu]; fl;rpiar; Nru;e;j MW rl;lkd;w cWg;gpdu;fis “,ul;il Mjhak; ngWk; gjtp” vd;w gpuptpd; tuk;gpw;F ntspNa itj;jpUf;fg; gupe;Jiuf;fpd;wJ. ,jd; %yk; mtu;fs; jFjpePf;f eltbf;ifapypUe;J ghJfhf;fg; gLfpd;wdu;.

gQ;rhg; murhq;fk; mtu;fspy; Ie;J rl;lkd;w cWg;gpdu;fSf;F mikr;ruit mikr;rUf;fhd jFjpiaAk; xU rl;lkd;w cWg;gpdUf;F ,izaikr;rUf;fhd jFjpiaAk; toq;fpAs;sJ.

Gj;jhf;fj; jpl;lk; (Mission Innovation - MI):

Gj;jhf;fj; jpl;lj;jpw;fhd Gj;jhf;fr; rthy;fis NeUf;F Neu; re;jpf;Fk; jpl;lj;ij kj;jpa mwptpay; kw;Wk; njhopy;El;gj; Jiw> kj;jpag; Gtp mwptpay; Jiw> kj;jpa Rfhjhuk; kw;Wk; FLk;g eyj; Jiw mikr;ruhd `u;\; tu;jd; nly;ypapy; njhlq;fp itj;jhu;.

2020 Mk; Mz;L tiu MI kw;Wk; mjd; jpl;lq;fshy; toq;ff; $batw;iw xUq;fpizg;gNj ,e;jj; jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fkhFk;.

GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f vuprf;jpf;fhd cw;gj;jpj; jpwid 2022 Mk; Mz;by; 175 [pfhthl;bw;F Nky; mjpfupf;f ,e;jpah jpl;lkpl;Ls;sJ.

,e;jpag; gpujku; Gj;jhf;fj; jpl;lk; vd;w ngaiu cUthf;fpdhu;.

,J 2015 Mk; Mz;L etk;gu; 30 md;W eilngw;w If;fpa ehLfspd; gUtepiy khw;wj;jpw;fhd cWg;G ehLfspd; 21tJ khehl;by; fye;J nfhz;l 20 ehLfshy; njhlq;fg;gl;lJ.

MI MdJ jw;NghJ 24 cWg;G ehLfisAk; INuhg;gpa Mizaj;ijAk; cWg;gpduhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ.


Njrpag; gQ;rhaj;J tpUJfs; 2019:

ehl;bd; 2.5 yl;rk; gQ;rhaj;Jfspy; 240 gQ;rhaj;JfSf;F 2019 Mk; Mz;bw;fhd Njrpag; gQ;rhaj;J tpUJfis GJjpy;ypapy; kj;jpag; gQ;rhaj;Jj; Jiw mikr;ru; eNue;jpu rpq; Njhku; toq;fpdhu;.

NkYk; mikr;ru; gQ;rhaj;JfSf;fhd Gtp mbg;gilapyhd jPu;T MjuT mikg;ghd „fpuhk; kQ;rpj;uh‟ vd;w xU ,lQ;rhu;e;j jpl;lkply; nraypiaAk; njhlq;fp itj;jhu;.

%d;whk; epiy efuq;fspy; jfty; kw;Wk; jfty; njhlu;G njhopy;El;g fUtpfisg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;F trjpahf rpwe;j nray;jpwd; nfhz;l khepykhf jkpofj;jpw;F „, - gQ;rhaj;J Guh];fu; tpUJ‟ toq;fg;gl;lJ.

ru;tNjrg; gazpfSf;F cjTk; Gjpa nrayp:

,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gl;l nghUl;fspd; Rq;fj; Jiw mDkjpaspg;ig Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; fz;fhzpg;gjw;Fk; ICEDASH kw;Wk; ATITHI Mfpa ,uz;L Gjpa jfty; njhopy;El;g Kd;ndLg;Gfis ,e;jpa muR ntspapl;Ls;sJ.

NkYk; ,e;j Kd;ndLg;GfshdJ ,e;jpahtpw;F tUk; ru;tNjrg; gazpfspd; gaz cilikfs; kw;Wk; ehza mwpf;iffis kpd;dZ Kiwapy; jhf;fy; nra;tjw;Fk; cjt ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

kj;jpa kiwKf tup kw;Wk; Rq;f thupaj;jpd; %yk; ICEDASH tiyjsj;ij mZf KbAk;.

ATITHI vd;gJ ru;tNjrg; gazpfspd; Rq;f mwptpg;ig Kd;$l;bNa jhf;fy; nra;tjw;fhd xU ifg;Ngrpr; nraypahFk;.

mNahj;jp uhk n[d;kG+kp - ghgu; kR+jp epyj; jfuhW tof;F:

,e;jpa cr;r ePjpkd;wkhdJ mNahj;jp ru;r;irapd; ,Wjpj; jPu;g;ig 2019 Mk; Mz;L etk;gu; 9 md;W mwptpj;jJ.

,e;jpaj; jiyik ePjpgjp uQ;rd; Nfhfha; jiyikapyhd cr;r ePjpkd;w murayikg;G mku;T ,e;jj; jPu;g;ig toq;fpAs;sJ.

,e;j mku;tpy; v];.V.Nghg;Nl> mNrhf; G+\z;> b.xa; re;jpuR+l; kw;Wk; v]; mg;Jy; erPu; MfpNahu; mlq;Ftu;.

,J xU Vf kdjhd jPu;g;ghFk;.

2010 Mk; Mz;L ntspaplg;gl;l myfhghj; cau; ePjpkd;wj; jPu;g;ig vjpu;j;J njhLf;fg;gl;l gjpdhd;F Nky;KiwaPLfis cr;r ePjpkd;wk; tprhupj;jJ.

mNahj;jpapy; cs;s 2.77 Vf;fu; epyj;ij rd;dp tf;G thupak;> epu;Nkh`p mfhuh kw;Wk; uhk; yy;yh Mfpatw;Wf;Fr; rkkhfg; gpupj;J toq;f myfhghj; cau; ePjpkd;wk; cj;jutpl;bUe;jJ.

khu;r; 8 Mk; Njjp cr;r ePjpkd;wkhdJ Xa;Tngw;w cr;r ePjpkd;w ePjpgjp v/g;.vk;.I fyp/Gy;yh jiyikapy; „thOk; fiy mikg;gpd;‟ epWtdu; = = utprq;fu; kw;Wk; %j;j kjuh]; cau; ePjpkd;w tof;fwpQu; =uhk; gQ;R MfpNahu; mlq;fpa %d;W Ngu; nfhz;l FOit mNahj;jp epyj; jfuhWf;F jPu;T fhz kj;jpa];jk; nra;a mikj;jJ.

cr;r ePjpkd;wkhdJ xl;L nkhj;j ru;r;irf;Fupa epyj;ijAk; uhk; yy;yhTf;F uhk; n[d;kG+kp epiyak; mikg;gjw;F vd;W toq;fpAs;sJ.

cr;r ePjpkd;wkhdJ nja;tk; uhk; yy;yhit xU Kiwahd cupikAila rl;l MSik vd;W mq;fPfupj;Js;sJ.

Mdhy; uhk; n[d;k G+kp vd;gJ xU rl;l cupik nfhz;l MSik my;y.


me;j ,lj;jpy; %d;W khjq;fSf;Fs; xU Nfhapy; fl;Ltjw;Fk; mjw;fhf xU mwf;fl;lisia cUthf;Ftjw;Fk; ,e;jpa muRf;F ePjpkd;wk; cj;jutpl;Ls;sJ.

jw;fhypfkhf ,e;jpa muRf;Fr; nrhe;jkhf cs;s me;j ru;r;irf;Fupa epykhdJ mwq;fhtyu; FO mikf;fg;gl;l gpd;du; mjd; cupik mwf;fl;lisf;F khw;wg;gLk;.

NkYk; cr;r ePjpkd;wkhdJ rd;dp tf;G thupaj;jpw;F kR+jp fl;Ltjw;F vd;W khw;W 5 Vf;fu; epyj;ij toq;fTk; muRf;F cj;jutpl;Ls;sJ.

2010 Mk; Mz;L ru;r;irf;Fupa epyj;ijg; gpupg;gJ njhlu;ghf myfhghj; cau; ePjpkd;wk; mspj;j jPu;g;G jtwhdJ vd;W ePjpkd;wk; jPu;g;gspj;jJ.

1922 Mk; Mz;L ghgu; kR+jpia ,bj;jJk;> 1949 Mk; Mz;L ghgu; kR+jpia ,opTgLj;jpaJk; rl;lj;ij kPwpa nray;fs; vd;Wk; ePjpkd;wk; jPu;g;gspj;jJ.

ghgu; kR+jpahdJ xU ,];yhkpa Kiw my;yhj fl;likg;gpy; fl;lg;gl;lJ vd;gij ,e;jpaj; njhy;nghUs; Ma;Tj; Jiwapd; njhy;nghUs; rhd;Wfs; fhl;Lfpd;wd vd;W ePjpkd;wk; $wpaJ.

cj;jug; gpuNjr rd;dp tf;G thupak; cs;spl;l K];yPk; jug;gpdu; ru;r;irf;Fupa epyj;jpidg; gpuj;jpNafkhf jq;fs; nrhj;J vd;W ep&gpg;gjpy; jtwpAs;sjhf ePjpkd;wk; $wpaJ.

,e;Jf;fspd; nja;tkhd uhkupd; gpwg;gplk; vd ek;gpf;ifAld; kR+jpf;Fs; ,e;Jf;fs; njhlu;e;J topgl;L te;jdu; vd;gij ep&gpf;f ,e;Jf; fl;rpfs; rpwe;j rhd;Wfis mspj;jd vd;Wk; mJ $wpaJ.

1856-57 Mk; Mz;by; ,Uk;G nuapy;fs; mikj;jjpdhy; kR+jpapd; cs; Kw;wkhdJ ntspg;Gw Kw;wj;jpy; ,Ue;J gpupf;fg; gl;lJ vd;Wk;> ,e;Jf;fs; ntspg;Gw Kw;wj;ijg; gpuj;jpNafkhf itj;jpUf;fpwhu;fs; vd;Wk; ePjpkd;wk; Nkw;Nfhspl;Ls;sJ.

,jw;F Kd;Ng> kR+jpapd; cs; Kw;wj;jpy; ,e;Jf;fs; topgl;L te;jpUg;gjhf cr;r ePjpkd;wk; $wpaJ.

,e;jpa murhq;fj;jhy; cUthf;fg;gLk; mwq;fhtyu; FOtpy; eph;Nkh`p mfhuhTf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd gpujpepjpj;Jtk; toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; ePjpkd;wk; jPu;g;gspj;jJ.

ghgu; kR+jpapd; cupikf;fhd rd;dp tf;G thupaj;jpw;F vjpuhf \pah tf;G thupak; $wpa $w;iw ePjpkd;wk; epuhfupj;jJ.

uhk; yy;yh tpuh[;khDf;F Mjuthf jPu;g;igg; ngWtjpy; Nf. guhrud; Kf;fpag; gq;F tfpj;jhu;.

1976 Mk; Mz;L [dhjpgjp Ml;rpapd; NghJ jkpofj;jpd; jiyik tof;fwpQuhfTk; gpd;du; 1983 Kjy; 1989 tiu ,e;jpuh fhe;jp kw;Wk; uh[Pt; fhe;jpapd; Ml;rpapy; ,e;jpaj; jiyik tof;fwpQuhfTk; mtu; ,Ue;jhu;.

\py;g cj;rt; 2019:

2019 Mk; Mz;bd; \py;g cj;rt; epfo;r;rpahdJ GJ jpy;ypapy; eilngw;Wf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.

,J r%fj;jpy; cs;s eyptile;j gpupTfisr; Nru;e;j> ehL KOtJk; cs;s iftpidf; fiyQu;fspd; xU tUlhe;jpuf; fz;fhl;rpahFk;.

,e;jf; iftpidQu;fs; kj;jpa r%f ePjp kw;Wk; mjpfhukspj;jy; mikr;rfj;jpd; jiyik epWtdq;fshy; cjtp ngWfpd;whu;fs;.

,e;jf; fz;fhl;rpapy; gl;Lg; Glitfs;> gUj;jp tifiar; Nru;e;j fk;gspg; nghUs;fs;> Maj;j Milfs;> kl;ghz;lg; nghUs;fs;> rzy; nghUl;fs;> gspq;Ff; fiyg; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; ifj;jwpg; nghUl;fs; Nghd;wit ,lk; ngWfpd;wd.


epu;ky; lhl; mgpahd; - flw;fiuj; J}a;ik ,af;fk; :

kj;jpa Rw;Wr; R+oy;> td kw;Wk; fhyepiy khw;w mikr;rfkhdJ (Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change - MoEFCC) epu;ky; lhl; mgpahd; vd;w xU J}a;ik ,af;fj;ijj; njhlq;fpAs;sJ.

,e;jj; jpl;lkhdJ flw;fiufspy; J}a;ikia (Jg;GuT) Nkk;gLj;JtijAk; flNyhu Rw;Wr; R+oy; mikg;Gfspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; Fwpj;J Fbkf;fspilNa tpopg;Gzu;it Vw;gLj;JtijAk; Nehf;fq;fshff; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

Njrpa gRikg; gilAld; (National Green Corps - NGC),ize;J ehL KOtJk; cs;s 10 flNyhu khepyq;fs; kw;Wk; xd;wpag; gpuNjrq;fspy; cs;s 50 flw;fiufspy; xU kpfg; ngupa mstpy; J}a;ik ,af;fkhdJ nray;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

Njrpa gRikg; gil vd;gJ NGCRw;Wr;R+oy; gs;sp kd;wq;fSld; ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s Rkhu; 1>20>000 gs;spfis cs;slf;fpa MoEFCCd; xU jpl;lkhFk;.

,e;jpahtpy; cs;s gs;spfspy; Rw;Wr;R+oy; nray;ghlhdJ NGC%yk; Cf;Ftpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

kfg;NgW ,wg;G tpfpjk; :

rkPgj;jpy; ,e;jpaj; jiyikg; gjpthsuhy; ntspaplg;gl;l kfg;NgW ,wg;G tpfpjk; (Maternity Mortality Ratio - MMR) Fwpj;j xU rpwg;G mwpf;ifapd; gb> ,e;jpahtpd; MMR MdJ xU Mz;by; 8 Gs;spfs; vd;w mstpy; Fiwe;Js;sJ.

2014-16 Mk; Mz;Lfspy; gpwe;j xU yl;rk; Foe;ijfSf;F 130 Mf ,Ue;j MMR MdJ 2015-17 Mk; Mz;Lfspy; gpwe;j xU yl;rk; Foe;ijfSf;F 122 Mf (6.2%rupT) Fiwe;Js;sJ.

jw;NghJ Nfush> kfhuh\;buh> jkpo;ehL> Me;jpug; gpuNjrk;> [hu;f;fz;l;> njYq;fhdh> F[uhj;> cj;jufhz;l;> Nkw;F tq;fk;> fu;ehlfh kw;Wk; `upahdh Mfpa ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s 11 khepyq;fs; ,e;j MMR ,yf;if mile;Js;sd.

mrhk;> cj;jug; gpuNjrk;> kj;jpag; gpuNjrk; kw;Wk; uh[];jhd; Mfpa ehd;F khepyq;fs; MMR ,yf;if miltjpy; gpd;jq;fpAs;sd.

Njrpa Rfhjhuf; nfhs;if 2017d; fPo;> 2020 Mk; Mz;bw;Fs; gpwf;Fk; xU yl;rk; Foe;ijfSf;F 100 vd;w MMR ,yf;if mila ,e;jpah epu;zapj;Js;sJ.

2030 Mk; Mz;bw;F Kd;djhfNt> mjhtJ 5 Mz;Lfs; Kd;$l;bNa 2025 Mk; Mz;bw;Fs; MMR mstpidf; Fiwg;gjw;fhd ePbj;j tsu;r;rpf;fhd ,yf;if miltjw;fhd ghijapy; ,e;jpah cs;sJ.

MMR msitf; Fiwg;gjw;fhf kj;jpa murhy; yf;rah> Ngh\hd; mgpahd; kw;Wk; Rkd; (Ruf;rpj; kj;upj;th M\;thrd; Kd;ndLg;G) Nghd;w Kd;ndLg;Gfs; njhlq;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

,e;jpahtpy; KjyhtJ \hq;fha; xj;Jiog;G mikg;gpd; re;jpg;G - 2020:

2020 Mk; Mz;by; \hq;fha; xj;Jiog;G mikg;gpd; (Shanghai Cooperation Organisation - SCO) 19tJ murhq;fj; jiytu;fs; kd;wf; $l;lj;ij ,e;jpah elj;j ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

2017 Mk; Mz;by; ,e;j mikg;gpy; ,e;jpah KO cWg;gpduhf mDkjpf;fg;gl;l gpd;du;> GJ jpy;ypahy; Vw;ghL nra;ag;gl ,Uf;Fk; vl;L cWg;G ehLfs; nfhz;l ,e;jf; FOtpd; ,JNghd;w xU KjyhtJ cau; kl;lf; $l;lk; ,JthFk;.

SCO vd;gJ rPdhthy; jiyik jhq;fp Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l vl;L cWg;gpdu;fisf; nfhz;l xU nghUshjhu kw;Wk; ghJfhg;G mikg;G MFk;. ,jpy; ,e;jpahTk; ghfp];jhDk; KO cWg;gpdu;fshf 2017 Mk; Mz;by; mDkjpf;fg;gl;ld.


rkPgj;jpy; jh\;fz;by; elj;jg;gl;l mjd; cr;rp khehl;by; kj;jpa ghJfhg;Gj; Jiw mikr;ru; uh[;ehj; rpq; ,e;jpahitg; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;jpdhu;.

ru;tNjr tpij xg;ge;jk; - jhtu kugZ tsq;fspd; ghJfhg;G:

,j;jhypapd; Nuhk; efupy; eilngw;w czT kw;Wk; Ntshz;ikf;fhd jhtu kugZ tsq;fspd; ru;tNjr xg;ge;jj;jpd; (International Treaty of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture - ITPGRFA) 8tJ mku;tpy; kj;jpa Ntshz; Jiw mikr;ruhd eNue;jpu rpq; Njhku; ciuahw;wpdhu;.

ITPGRFA MdJ tpij xg;ge;jk; vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

,J cyfpd; jhtu kugZ tsq;fspd; ghJfhg;G> gupkhw;wk; kw;Wk; epiyahd gad;ghL Mfpatw;wpd; %yk; czTg; ghJfhg;ig cWjp nra;tjw;fhd xU tpupthd ru;tNjr xg;ge;jkhFk;.

NkYk; ,J Njrpar; rl;lq;fSf;F cl;gl;L tptrhapfspd; cupikfisAk; mq;fPfupf;fpd;wJ.

jhtu tiffspd; ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; tptrhapfs; cupikfs; rl;lk;:

,e;jpahtpy; 2001 Mk; Mz;by; ,aw;wg;gl;l „jhtu tiffspd; ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; tptrhapfspd; cupikfs; (Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers‟ Rights - PPV&FR) rl;lkhdJ‟ tptrhapfspd; cupikfisAk; gapu;fis tsu;g;gtu;fspd; cupikfisAk; ghJfhf;fpd;wJ.

,r;rl;lj;jpd; fPo; ghJfhf;fg;gl;l gy;NtW tpij tiffs; cl;gl jdJ gz;iz tpisnghUl;fis Nrkpf;f> gad;gLj;j> tpijf;f> kPz;Lk; gapupl> gupkhw;wk; nra;a> gfpu;e;J nfhs;s my;yJ tpw;wpl xU tptrhapf;F cupik cz;L.

,e;jpar; rl;lkhdJ ,e;j cld;gbf;ifapd; 9tJ gpupTld; KOikahf ,zq;Ffpd;wJ.

Gjpa Njrpa ePu;f; nfhs;iff; FO:

Gjpa Njrpa ePu;f; nfhs;ifia (National Water Policy - NWP) cUthf;Ftjw;fhf 10 cWg;gpdu;fisf; nfhz;l xU FOit kj;jpa ePu;tsj; Jiw mikr;rfk; ,Wjp nra;Js;sJ.

,e;jf; FOthdJ Kd;dhs; jpl;l Mizaj;jpd; cWg;gpdUk; ePu;ts epGzUkhd kp`pu; \h vd;gtuhy; jiyik jhq;fg;gl ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

jw;NghJ eilKiwapy; cs;s NWP MdJ 2012 Mk; Mz;by; jahupf;fg;gl;lJ. 1987f;Fg; gpwF ,JNghd;W cUthf;fg;gl;l %d;whtJ nfhs;if ,JthFk;.

NkYk; Njrpa ePu;g; gad;ghl;Lj; jpwd; mikg;ig epWTtjw;fhd jpl;lq;fSk; cs;sd.

COCSSO khehL:

kj;jpa kw;Wk; khepy Gs;sptptu mikg;Gfspd; (Conference of Central and State Statistical Organizations – COCSSO) 27tJ khehlhdJ nfhy;fj;jhtpy; elj;jg;gl;lJ.

,e;j khehl;bd; fUg;nghUs;: „ePbj;j tsu;r;rpf;fhd ,yf;Ffs;;‟ (Sustaniable Development Goals - SDGs) vd;gjhFk;.

,e;j khehlhdJ ePbj;j tsu;r;rp ,yf;FfSf;fhd tYthd fz;fhzpg;G newpKiwf;fhf> kj;jpag; Gs;sptptu kw;Wk; jpl;lr; nray;gLj;Jjy; Jiw mikr;rfj;jpdhy; (Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation - MoSPI) vLf;fg;gl;l eltbf;iffis vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

,e;j tUlhe;jpu epfo;thdJ Kjd;Kjypy; 1971 Mk; Mz;by; MoSPI My; Vw;ghL nra;ag;gl;lJ.

COCSSO vd;gJ kj;jpa kw;Wk; khepy Gs;sptptu epWtdq;fSf;F ,ilNa xUq;fpizg;ig cUthf;Fk; xU Kf;fpakhd Njrpa kd;wkhFk;.


fu;jhu;G+u; ngUtopg; ghij:

gQ;rhgpd; FUjh];G+upy; cs;s fu;jhu;G+u; rh`pg; ngUtopg; ghijapy; mike;Js;s xUq;fpize;j Nrhjidr; rhtbia gpujku; jpwe;J itj;jhu;.

fu;jhu;G+u; ngUtopg; ghijahdJ ghfp];jhdpy; cs;s FUj;thuh ju;ghu; rh`pg;ig ,e;jpahtpd; gQ;rhgpy; cs;s Njuh ghgh ehdf; Myaj;Jld; ,izf;fpd;wJ.

fu;jhu;G+u; ngUtopg; ghijahdJ ghfp];jhd; gpujkuhd ,k;uhd; fhd; mtu;fshy; 2019 Mk; Mz;L etk;gu; 9 md;W jpwf;fg;gl;lJ. ,j;jpdkhdJ ngu;ypd; Rtu; ,bg;gpd; epidT jpdj;ijf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ.

ghfp];jhd; - ,e;jpah vy;iyapypUe;J 4.7 fpNyhkPl;lu; njhiytpy; cs;s fu;jhu;G+upy; mike;jpUf;Fk; FUj;thuhit ,e;jpahtpy; ,Uf;Fk; rPf;fpa kjk; rhu;e;j gf;ju;fs; EioT ,irT ,y;yhky; nrd;W tu mDkjpf;Fk; Nehf;fpy; ,e;j eilghijahdJ mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

FU ehdf; Njt; vd;gtu; 1539 Mk; Mz;by; jhd; ,wf;Fk; tiu> nkhj;jk; 18 Mz;Lfs; fu;jhu;G+upy; cs;s FUj;thuh ju;ghu; rh`pg;gpy; tho;e;jhu;.

NkYk; ,J cyfpd; kpfg;ngupa FUj;thuhthfTk; tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. rgupkiy rPuha;T kD kPjhd jPu;g;G:

midj;J taijr; Nru;e;j ngz;fSk; Nfushtpy; cs;s rgupkiy NfhtpYf;Fs; EiotJ Fwpj;J xU ngupa mku;T kPz;Lk; tprhupf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W cr;r ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Ie;J ePjpgjpfisf; nfhz;l murpayikg;G mku;T jPu;g;gspj;Js;sJ.

jw;NghJ ngz;fs; NfhtpYf;Fs; Eiotjw;Fj; jil VJk; tpjpf;fg;gl tpy;iy.

gpd;tUk; ePjpgjpfisf; nfhz;l murpayikg;G mku;thdJ rgupkiy rPuha;T kD kPjhd jPu;g;gpid toq;fpaJ. o Nuh`pe;jd; /ghyp ehupkd; o b.xa; re;jpuR+l; o ,e;jpaj; jiyik ePjpgjp uQ;rd; NfhNfha; o ,e;J ky;N`hj;uh o V.vk;. fhd;tpy;fu;

,e;jj; jPu;g;ghdJ 3:2 vd;gjpd; mbg;gilapy; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

ePjpgjpfs; re;jpuR+l; kw;Wk; Nuh`pe;jd; ehupkd; MfpNahu; khWgl;l jPu;g;ig toq;fpdu;. ,tu;fs; ,e;j mku;tpy; cs;s kw;w ePjpgjpfspd; fUj;Jfis (ngUk;ghd;ik ePjpgjpfspd; fUj;Jfis) Vw;Wf; nfhs;stpy;iy. ,tu;fs; ,J njhlu;ghd midj;J (56 kWMa;T kDf;fs;) rPuha;T kDf;fisAk; js;Sgb nra;a Ntz;Lnkd;W jPu;g;G toq;fpdu;.

2018 Mk; Mz;L cr;r ePjpkd;w cj;juitg; gpd;gw;whjJ xU tpUg;gj; Nju;T my;y vd;Wk; jPu;g;G toq;fg;gl;l NjjpapypUe;J ngz;fs; rgupkiy NfhtpYf;Fs; Eioa mDkjpf;fg;gLtjhfTk; mtu;fs; $wpdu;.

VO ePjpgjpfisf; nfhz;l mku;thdJ gpd;tUk; tptfhuq;fisAk; Muha ,Uf;fpd;wJ: o K];yPk; kw;Wk; ghu;rp ,dg; ngz;fs; mtu;fsJ topghl;Lj; jyq;fSf;Fs; mDkj;jpj;jy;. o jhT+jp Ngh ;̀uh K];ypk; r%fj;jpy; ngz;fspd; gpwg;GWg;ig ntl;Ljy;. o murpayikg;gpd; 25 (1)tJ gpuptpd; fPo; cs;s „nghJ xOq;F> xOf;fk; kw;Wk; Rfhjhuk;‟

Mfpatw;wpd; nghUis tiuaWj;jy;. o „mwnewp‟ my;yJ „murpayikg;G mwnewp‟ Mfpatw;wpd; nghUis tiuaWj;jy;.


o xU kjg; gpuptpd; “mj;jpahtrpa kj eilKiwfSf;F” gpupT 26 ,d; fPo; murpayikg;Gg; ghJfhg;G toq;fg;gLfpwjh vd;gJ Fwpj;J ,e;j mku;T Muha ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

o kjj;jpd; xU Fwpg;gpl;l eilKiwapy; ePjpkd;wk; ve;j mstpw;Fj; jiyapl KbAk; vd;gJ Fwpj;Jk; ,e;j mku;T tprhupf;f ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

2018 Mk; Mz;by; cr;r ePjpkd;wkhdJ 10 Kjy; 50 taJf;Fl;gl;l ngz;fs; rgupkiy Nfhtpypy; topgl mDkjpaspj;Jj; jPu;g;G toq;fpAs;sJ.

,e;j tof;fpd; ngau; : o fhe;jhU uh[PthU (vjpu;) ,e;jpa ,sk; tof;fwpQu;fs; rq;fk;.

Rthrj;jpw;fhd Nghuhl;lk; - 2019 Mk; Mz;bd; mwpf;if:

Adpnr/g; mikg;gpdhy; “Rthrj;jpw;fhd Nghuhl;lk; - Foe;ijg; gUt epNkhdpah kPjhd eltbf;iff;fhd miog;G” vd;w xU mwpf;if ntspaplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,e;j mwpf;ifapd;gb> epNkhdpah ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s Foe;ijfisg; ghjpj;J> mtu;fSf;F kuzj;ij Vw;gLj;Jtjpy; Kd;dzp tfpf;fpd;wJ. 2018 Mk; Mz;by; xt;nthU kzp Neuj;jpw;Fk; 5 tajpw;Fl;gl;l 14w;Fk; Nkw;gl;l Foe;ijfs; ,we;Js;sdu; vd;W ,e;j mwpf;if $Wfpd;wJ.

Cl;lr;rj;Jf; FiwghL (53%) kw;Wk; khRghL (ntspg;Gwf; fhw;W khRghL - 27%&cl;Gw fhw;W khRghL - 22%) Mfpatw;Wld; 2018 Mk; Mz;by; Ie;J taJf;Fl;gl;l 1>27>000f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l Foe;ijfisf; nfhd;Ws;sJ.

Foe;ij epNkhdpah ,wg;Gfspy; ghjpf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l ,wg;Gfs; ie[Pupah (162>000)> ,e;jpah (127>000)> ghfp];jhd; (58>000)> fhq;Nfh [dehaff; FbauR (40>000) kw;Wk; vj;jpNahg;gpah (32>000) Mfpa ehLfspy; epfo;e;Js;sd.

epNkhdpah kw;Wk; tapw;Wg;Nghf;fpw;fhd cyfshtpa nray; jpl;lj;jpd; gb> 2025 Mk; Mz;bw;Fs; Ie;J taJf;Fl;gl;l Foe;ijfSf;F epNkhdpah ,wg;G tpfpjj;jpw;fhd cyfshtpa ,yf;fhdJ gpwf;Fk; 1000 Foe;ijfSf;F %d;W Mf epu;zapf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

2020 Mk; Mz;L FbauR jpd tpohtpd; rpwg;G tpUe;jpdu; - n[a;u; Nghy;rdhNuh:

11tJ gpupf;]; cr;rp khehl;bd; xU gFjpahf> gpujku; Nkhb gpNurpy; mjpgu; n[a;u; Nghy;rdhNuhTld; ,Ujug;Gg; Ngr;Rthu;j;ijia elj;jpdhu;.

,e;jpa Fbkf;fSf;F EioT ,irT mw;w (VISA FREE)gazj;jpw;F mDkjpaspf;Fk; gpNurpy; mjpgupd; Kbit mtu; tuNtw;whu;.

,e;jpahtpd; 2020 Mk; Mz;L FbauR jpd tpohf; nfhz;lhl;lq;fspy; Kjd;ik tpUe;jpduhf fye;J nfhs;tjw;fhf tpLf;fg;gl;l gpujku; eNue;jpu Nkhbapd; miog;ig Nghy;rdhNuh Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhu;.

ilfu; TRIUMP gapw;rp:

ilfu; TRIUMP vd;gJ ,e;jpahtpw;Fk; mnkupf;fhtpw;Fk; ,ilNa ePupYk; epyj;jpYk; elj;jg;gLk; KjyhtJ Kg;gilg; gapw;rpahFk;.

,J etk;gu; 13 Mk; Njjp Kjy; etk;gu; 21 Mk; Njjp tiu Me;jpu khepyj;jpd; tprhfg;gl;bdk; kw;Wk; fhf;fpehlh Mfpa efuq;fSf;F mUNf elj;jj; jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

ilfu; TRIUMPvd;wg; gapw;rpahdJ xUq;fpize;j ghJfhg;G fl;Lg;ghl;lfj; jiyikafj;jpd; fPo; xUq;fpizf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.


,e;jj; jdpj;Jtkhdg; gapw;rpahdJ kdpjhgpkhd cjtpfSf;fhd fsg; gapw;rp kw;Wk; fg;gypy; ,Ue;J fiuf;F nry;Yk; Nguplu; kPl;Gg; gilapdUf;fhd gapw;rp Mfpatw;iwf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;.

v/F fopTj; Jfs; kWRow;rpf; nfhs;if 2019:

kj;jpa v/Fj; Jiw mikr;rfkhdJ 2019 Mk; Mz;bd; v/F fopTj; Jfs; kWRow;rpf; nfhs;ifia ntspapl;Ls;sJ.

fopTj; Jfs; tbtj;jpy; cs;s gad;gLj;jg;gl;l my;yJ kPz;Lk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l v/F MdJ ,e;jpa v/F njhopy; Jiwf;F ,uz;lhk; epiy %yg; nghUshf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.

v/F fopTj; Jfspd; jw;Nghija tpepNahfkhdJ cs;ehl;L mikg;Grhuh v/F fopTj; Jfs; njhopw; rhiyapypUe;J 25 kpy;ypad; ld;fshfTk; v/F fopTj; Jfspd; ,wf;FkjpapypUe;J 7 kpy;ypad; ld;fshfTk; tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.

2017 Mk; Mz;bd; Njrpa v/Ff; nfhs;ifahdJ 2030 Mk; Mz;bw;Fs; xU Mz;bw;F 300 kpy;ypad; ld; v/F cw;gj;jpj; jpwid cUthf;Ftjd; %yk; cyfstpy; Nghl;bkpf;fjhf v/Fj; njhopw; Jiwia cUthf;Ftij Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

,J v/Ff; fopTj; Jfs; ,wf;Fkjpiar; rhu;e;jpUg;gijf; Fiwf;f ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,J MAl;fhyk; Kbe;j thfdq;fsplkpUe;J ,e;jpa efuq;fspd; neupriyf; Fiwf;fpd;wJ.

,e;jf; nfhs;ifahdJ ,e;jpahtpy; cNyhf v/Ff; fopTj; Jfs; ikaq;fis epWTtij Cf;Ftpf;fj; jpl;lkpl;Ls;sJ.

,J Rw;Wr;R+oypd; kPJ ftdj;ijr; nrYj;Jfpd;wJ. o ,e;jf; nfhs;ifahdJ 6Rfspd; mbg;gilapy; nray;gl ,Uf;fpd;wJ. Fiwj;jy;> kWgad;ghL>

kWRow;rp> kPl;G> kWtbtikg;G kw;Wk; kW cw;gj;jp. o ,J gRik ,y;y thA ckpo;itf; Fiwg;gij Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. o NkYk; ,J kj;jpa Rw;Wr;R+oy;> td kw;Wk; fhyepiy khw;w mikr;rfj;jpdhy; ntspaplg;gl;l

2016 Mk; Mz;L mghafukhd kw;Wk; gpw fopTfs; (Nkyhz;ik kw;Wk; vy;iy fle;j ,af;fk;) tpjpfSf;F ,zq;f> v/fpd; NkYiwia ePf;Fjy; kw;Wk; Jz;lhf;Fjy; Mfpatw;wpypUe;J cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk; fopT ePu; kw;Wk; mjd; fopTfis mfw;Wtjw;fhf xU newpKiwia cUthf;FtijAk; Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

Nritfs; Fwpj;j 5tJ cyfshtpa fz;fhl;rp 2019:

kj;jpa tzpfk; kw;Wk; tu;j;jfj; Jiw &uapy;Nt mikr;ru; gpA+\; Nfhay; GJ jpy;ypapy; 5tJ Nritfs; Fwpj;j cyfshtpa fz;fhl;rpf;fhd xj;jpifiaj; njhlq;fp itj;jhu;.

,e;jf; fz;fhl;rp ngq;fSupy; eilngw ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

Nritfs; Vw;Wkjp Nkk;ghl;L fofk; kw;Wk; ,e;jpa ifj;njhopy; $l;likg;G Mfpatw;Wld; ,ize;J kj;jpa tzpfk; kw;Wk; tu;j;jfj; Jiw mikr;rfj;jhy; ,e;j epfo;T Vw;ghL nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

,e;jpah ,izak; 2019:

,e;jpa ,izak; kw;Wk; ifNgrp kd;wkhdJ (IAMAI -Internet And Mobile Association of India) “,e;jpah ,izak; 2019” vd;w xU mwpf;ifia ntspapl;Ls;sJ.

,iza CLUty; vd;gJ xU Fwpg;gpl;lfhyfl;lj;jpy; 100 egu;fspy; 12 taJf;F Nkw;gl;l ,izaj;ijg; gad;gLj;Jk; egu;fspd; vz;zpf;ifahf tiuaWf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.


,e;j mwpf;ifapd; gb> Njrpaj; jiyefu;g; gFjpahd jpy;ypapy; (69%) ,iza CLUty; tpfpjk; kpf mjpfkhf cs;sJ. ,ijj; njhlu;e;J Nfushtpy; (54%),iza CLUty; mjpfkhf cs;sJ.

,iza CLUty; tPjkhdJ xbrh (25)> [hu;f;fz;l; (26)> gPfhu; (28) Mfpa khepyq;fspy; kpff; Fiwthf ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

NkYk; Nfush> jkpo;ehL kw;Wk; jpy;yp Mfpatw;wpy; ngz; ,izag; gadu;fs; mjpfk; cs;sdu; vd;Wk; ,e;j mwpf;ifapy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

fpuhkg;Gw kw;Wk; efu;g;Gw ,iza ,izg;Gfspd; vz;zpf;ifapy; ngUk; ,ilntspiaf; nfhz;l khepyq;fspy; NfushTk; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ.

fhyhghzp gpuNjrk; :

rkPgj;jpy; ntspaplg;gl;l ,e;jpa murpay; tiuglj;jpy;> [k;K fh\;kPu; (Jammu and Kashmir - J&K)khepyk; ,uz;lhfg; gpupf;fg;gl;l gpd;du;> fhyhghzp gpuNjrkhdJ ,e;jpahtpw;Fk; Neghsj;Jf;Fk; ,ilapyhd Nkhjy; Nghf;fpd; ikag; gFjpahf cUntLj;Js;sJ.

,e;jpahtpd; rkPgj;jpa murpay; tiuglj;jpy;> lu;r;Ryh khtl;lj;jpy;> Neghsk; jdJ nrhe;jg; gpuNjrkhff; fUJk; gpuhe;jpaj;jpd; kPjhd jdJ cupikfis ,e;jpah kPz;Lk; typAWj;jpAs;sJ.

,e;jpahitg; nghWj;j tiu> tuyhw;Wr; rpwg;Gkpf;f fhyhghzp gFjpahdJ cj;juhfz;l; khepyj;jpd; xU gFjpahFk;.

fhyhghzp vd;gJ cj;juhfz;l; khepyj;jpd; gpj;Njhufhu; ;̀ khtl;lj;jpd; xU gFjpahf> ,e;jpahtpdhy; epu;tfpf;fg;gLk; xU gs;sj;jhf;Fg; gFjpahFk;.

,J ifyh\; kd;rNuhtu; ghijapy; mike;Js;sJ.

fhyhghzp gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; cs;s fhsp ejpahdJ ,e;jpahtpw;Fk; Neghsj;Jf;Fk; ,ilapyhd vy;iyg; gFjpiag; gpupf;fpd;wJ.

1816 Mk; Mz;by; Neghs murhq;fk; kw;Wk; gpupl;b\; ,e;jpah Mfpatw;wpdhy; (Mq;fpNya - Neghs NghUf;Fg; gpwF) ifnaOj;jplg;gl;l Rnfsyp xg;ge;jkhdJ fhsp ejpia ,e;jpahTldhd Neghsj;jpd; Nkw;F vy;iyahf tiuaWj;Js;sJ.

cly;eyk; kw;Wk; fhyepiy khw;wk; Fwpj;j yhd;nrl; fTz;lTd; mwpf;if 2019:

cly;eyk; kw;Wk; fhyepiy khw;wk; Fwpj;j yhd;nrl; fTz;lTd; mwpf;if - 2019d; gb> ,e;jpahtpy; fhyepiy khw;wkhdJ Cl;lr;rj;J FiwghL kw;Wk; fhyuh fhuzkhf Vw;gLk; njhw;W Neha;fs; Mfpatw;iw NkYk; mjpfupf;Fk;.

1960fspy; ,Ue;J ,e;jpahtpy; kf;fhr; Nrhsk; kw;Wk; muprp Mfpatw;wpd; ruhrup kfR+y; jpwdhdJ fpl;lj;jl;l 2 rjtPjk; Fiwe;Js;sJ vd;W ,e;j mwpf;if $Wfpd;wJ.

NrhahgPd; kw;Wk; Fspu;fhy NfhJik Mfpa ,uz;bd; ruhrup kfR+y; jpwdhdJ 1 rjtPjj;jpw;Fk; Nkyhff; Fiwe;Js;sJ vd;W ,e;j mwpf;if $Wfpd;wJ.

Neha;fs; :

fly; Nkw;gug;G ntg;gepiyapd; mjpfupg;ghdJ ,e;jpahtpy; fhyuh> ,iug;igf; fha;r;ry;> fhaq;fs; kw;Wk; gy;NtW njhw;W Neha;fis Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

NkYk; nlq;F Nghd;w nfhRf;fspd; %yk; guTk; Nehahy; Vw;gLk; ,wg;Gk; cau ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

khRghL kw;Wk; ntg;g mOj;jk; Mfpait ,e;jpa njhopyhsu;fspd; cw;gj;jpj; jpwid ghjpf;fyhk;.


WBGT vd;gJ R+upa xspapy; cs;s ntg;g mOj;jj;jpd; xU mstPlhFk;. NkYk; ,e;j mstPl;by; ntg;gepiy> fhw;wpd; Ntfk;> R+upa Nfhzk; kw;Wk; Nkfk; (R+upaf; fjpu;tPr;R) Mfpait cs;slf;Fk;.

WBGTmjpfupg;ghdJ cyfk; KOtJk; cs;s njhopyhsu;fspd; cw;gj;jpj; jpwid Fiwf;Fk;.

ntg;g miyfs; fhuzkhf Kjpatu;fs; mjpfkhf ghjpf;fg;gLthu;fs;.

fhl;Lj; jP

21 kpy;ypad; ,e;jpau;fs; fhl;Lj; jPf;F Mshdjhf ,e;j mwpf;if $Wfpd;wJ.

,J 152 ehLfspy; kpf cau;e;j msthFk;.

,e;jpahtpy; Rfhjhu mikg;Gfs; Fwpj;j epjp MNahf;fpd; mwpf;if:

„xU Gjpa ,e;jpahtpw;fhd Rfhjhu mikg;Gfs;: fl;likf;fg;gl;L tUk; gFjpfs; - rPu;jpUj;jq;fSf;fhd rhj;jpakhd ghijfs;‟vd;w jiyg;igf; nfhz;l xU mwpf;ifia epjp MNahf; rkPgj;jpy; ntspapl;Ls;sJ.

,J gpd;tUtdtw;wpd; kPJ ftdk; nrYj;Jfpd;wJ: o kf;fspd; Rfhjhu nrytpdq;fis “jq;fs; (kf;fs;) ifapypUe;J nryT nra;jy;” vd;w

KiwapypUe;J fhg;gPl;L epWtdq;fSf;F khw;Wjy;> o nra;J Kbf;fg;glhj nghJ Rfhjhuj; jpl;lq;fs;> o b[pl;ly; Rfhjhuj;jpd; typik.

,e;j mwpf;ifahdJ Gjpa ,e;jpah: fl;likf;fg;gl;L tUk; gFjpfs; - rhj;jpakhd ghijfs; vd;w ngaupy; ntspaplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

gpd;tUtdtw;wpypUe;J Nrfupf;fg;gl;l kw;Wk; toq;fg;gl;l juTfspd; mbg;gilapy; ,e;jg; Gj;jfk; mike;Js;sJ. o nghJj; Jiwf;fhd ru;tNjr Rfhjhu mZfy;> o jdpahu; Jiwf;fhd PWC,e;jpah.

cyfshtpa jpwd;fSf;fhd jutupir mwpf;if:

Ivk;bapd; cyfshtpa jpwd;fSf;fhd jutupirapd; rkPgj;jpa gjpg;gpd; gb> nkhj;jKs;s 63 ehLfisf; nfhz;l gl;baypy; ,e;jpah 59tJ ,lj;jpy; cs;sJ (,jw;F Kd;G 53tJ ,lk;).

,e;jf; FwpaPl;by; ,e;jpahtpd; jutupirapd; tPo;r;rpf;fhd fhuzq;fs; - Fiwthd tho;f;ifj; juk;> fy;tpf;fhd nryT> mwpT kpf;ftu;fs; ehl;il tpl;L ntspNaWtjd; %yk; Vw;gLk; vjpu;kiwahd jhf;fk; kw;Wk; jpwikfis


,e;jf; FwpaPl;by; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s Kjy; 5 ehLfs; - ];ngapd;> gpuhd;];> n[u;kdp> [g;ghd; kw;Wk; mnkupf;fh.

,jpy; ,e;jpah 34tJ ,lj;jpy; cs;sJ (2017 Mk; Mz;by; 40 Mf ,Ue;jJ). njw;fhrpahtpy; Rw;Wyh nry;tjw;F Rw;Wyhg; gazpfshy; kpfTk; tpUk;gg;gLk; ehlhf ,e;jpah tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.

Mrpahtpd; kpfTk; Nghl;bj;jpwd; nfhz;l gaz kw;Wk; Rw;Wyhg; nghUshjhukhf [g;ghd; cs;sJ.

Mrpah - grpgpf; gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; kpfg;ngupa gaz kw;Wk; Rw;Wyhg; nghUshjhukhf rPdh tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.

fhg;Gupik eltbf;if neLQ;rhiyj; jpl;lk; :

,e;jpa fhg;Gupik mYtyfj;jpdhy; (Indian Patent office - IPO) nray;gLj;jg;gl ,Uf;Fk; fhg;Gupik eltbf;if neLQ;rhiyj; jpl;lj;ij (Patent Prosecution Highway - PPH) Vw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd xU gupe;Jiuf;F kj;jpa mikr;ruit xg;Gjy; mspj;J ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

,e;jj; jpl;lkhdJ Muk;gj;jpy; [g;ghd; fhg;Gupik mYtyfk; kw;Wk; IPO Mfpatw;wpw;F ,ilNa Nrhjid mbg;gilapy; %d;W Mz;L fhyj;jpw;F njhlq;fg;gl ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

PPH jpl;lkhdJ> fhg;Gupik tpz;zg;gq;fSf;F mDkjp mspg;gjw;fhd Neuj;ijf; Fiwj;jy; kw;Wk; epYitapy; cs;s fhg;Gupik tpz;zg;gq;fspd; vz;zpf;ifiaf; Fiwj;jy; cs;gl IPOtpw;Fg; gy;NtW gyd;fisj; ju ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

,J Ma;T nra;jypd; juj;ij nrk;ikahf Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; fhg;Gupik tpz;zg;gq;fis Nrhjid nra;tjw;Fk; toptFf;Fk;.

kUj;Jtj; jahupg;GfSf;fhd mZfy; Fwpj;j cyf khehL:

kj;jpa Rfhjhuj;Jiw mikr;ru; lhf;lu; `u;\ tu;jd; GJ jpy;ypapy; „kUj;Jt jahupg;GfSf;fhd mZfy;: ePbj;j tsu;r;rp ,yf;Ffs; 2030I miljy;‟ vd;gJ Fwpj;j 2019 Mk; Mz;bw;fhd cyf khehl;ilj; jpwe;J itj;jhu;.

,ij kj;jpa Rfhjhuk; kw;Wk; FLk;g ey mikr;rfk; kw;Wk; cyf Rfhjhu mikg;G Mfpait ,ize;J elj;Jfpd;wd.

gpd;tUk; gpur;rpidfSf;Fj; jPu;T fhz;gNj ,e;j khehl;bd; Nehf;fkhFk;. o midtUf;Fkhd Rfhjhug; ghJfhg;G o ePbj;j tsu;r;rp ,yf;Ffs; 2030. o kUj;Jt jahupg;GfSf;fhd mZfiy Cf;Ftpf;f mwpTrhu; nrhj;Jupikapd; gq;F.

jPu;g;ghaq;fSf;fhd epakdk; - epjpapay; rl;lk;> 2017:

jPu;g;ghaq;fSf;fhd epakdq;fs; “jw;nghOJ Vw;fdNt eilKiwapy; cs;s rl;lq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; jhd; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;” vd;Wk; 2017 Mk; Mz;bd; epjpapay; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; cUthf;fg;gl;l tpjpfspd; mbg;gilapy; ,Uf;ff; $lhJ vd;Wk; xU ,ilf;fhy cj;juit cr;r ePjpkd;wk; gpwg;gpj;Js;sJ.

Njrpa gRikj; jPu;g;ghak;> tUkhd tup Nky;KiwaPl;Lj; jPu;g;ghak;> Njrpa epWtd rl;l Nky;KiwaPl;Lj; jPu;g;ghak; Nghd;w ePjpkd;wj; jPu;g;ghaq;fspd; cWg;gpdu;fspd; epakdq;fs;> mtu;fis ePf;Fjy; kw;Wk; mtu;fspd; gzp epiyikfis epu;tfpf;Fk; mjpfhuj;ij 2017 Mk; Mz;bd; epjpapay; rl;lk; kj;jpa murpw;F toq;fpapUe;jJ.


kDjhuu;fs; Nuh[u; Nkj;A+ kw;Wk; tUtha;g; gpupTf; fofk; MfpNahu; 2017 Mk; Mz;bd; epjpapay; rl;lj;ij> mjpYk; Fwpg;ghf gFjpXIVvd;w gFjpiag; gy;NtW fhuzq;fSf;fhf cr;r ePjpkd;wj;jpy; mtw;iw vjpu;j;J tof;F njhlu;e;J ,Ue;jdu;.

,e;jr; rl;lj;jpd; gFjp XIVMdJ gy;NtW kj;jpar; rl;;lq;fspd; fPo; epWtg;gl;l 26 jPu;g;ghaq;fspd; epu;thfk; njhlu;ghd tpjpfis uj;J nra;J mtw;iw ePf;fp ,Uf;fpd;wJ. gpupT 184d; gb tpjpfis tbtikf;Fk; mjpfhuq;fis mr;rl;lk; kj;jpa murpw;F toq;fpaJ.

gwit Nghl;Lypa Neha;> rhk;ghu; cg;G Vup @ uh[];jhd; :

2019 Mk; Mz;L etk;gu; khjj;jpy; uh[];jhdpd; rhk;ghu; cg;G Vupapy; fpl;lj;jl;l 10>000f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l Gyk;ngau;Tg; gwitfs; ku;kkhd Kiwapy; ,we;J fple;jd.

Neha; ghjpf;fg;gl;l gwitfspy; ke;jkhd jd;ik> kdr; Nrhu;T> grpaw;wj; jd;ik> fhy;fs; &,wf;iffspy; gf;fthjk;> fOj;J jiuiaj; njhLtJ Mfpa kUj;Jt mwpFwpfs; njd;gl;Ls;sd.

,e;j Neha; ghjpf;fg;gl;l gwitfshy; ngUksT elf;fNth> ePe;jNth> gwf;fNth Kbatpy;iy.

,Jtiu elj;jg;gl;l tprhuizapy; mitfSf;Fg; gwit Nghl;Lypa Neha; ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gJ Rl;bf;fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.

gwit Nghl;Lypa Neha; vd;gJ xU gf;fthj> er;Rfis cl;nfhs;tjhy; mbf;fb Vw;gLk; xU mghafukhd NehahFk;. ,J xU “rhj;jpakhd fhuzkhf” ,Uf;fyhk; vd;Wk; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ. Mdhy; ,J KOikahf cWjpg;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy.

Njrpa Ntshz; Ntjpapay; khehL:

Njrpa Ntshz; Ntjpapay; khehlhdJ GJ jpy;ypapy; elj;jg;gl;lJ.

kj;jpa Ntshz;ik kw;Wk; tptrha ey mikr;rfkhdJ ,e;epfo;r;rpia elj;jpaJ.

,J ,Nj tifiar; Nru;e;j xU KjyhtJ tif khehlhFk;.

,J %d;W Mz;LfSf;F xU Kiw elj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

,e;j khehl;bd; fUg;nghUs;>“Ntshz; Ntjpg;nghUl;fspd; gy;NtW epiyfs; kPjhd ehl;bd; epiy” vd;gjhFk;.

ghujpa Ngh\d; fpU\p Nfh\;:

ghujpa Ngh\d; fpU\p Nfh\; jpl;lkhdJ gpy; Nfl;]; vd;gtUld; ,ize;J kj;jpa ngz;fs; kw;Wk; Foe;ijfs; ey Nkk;ghl;Lj; Jiw mikr;ruhd ];kpUjp ,uhzp vd;gtuhy; GJ jpy;ypapy; njhlq;fg;gl;lJ.

,j;jpl;lj;jpw;fhf kj;jpa ngz;fs; kw;Wk; Foe;ijfs; ey Nkk;ghl;Lj; Jiw mikr;rfkhdJ gpy; kw;Wk; nkypz;lh Nfl;]; mikg;Gld; $l;L Nru;e;Js;sJ.

,J 128 Ntshz; fhyepiy kz;lyq;fspy; cs;s gy;NtW gapu;fspd; fsQ;rpakhFk;. ,J rpwe;j Cl;lr;rj;J tpisTfis nray;gLj;j cjTfpd;wJ.

,e;jj; jpl;lkhdJ tptrhak; cl;gl gy;NtW Jiwfspd; KbTfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l fl;likg;gpd; %yk; ehL KOtJk; ngz;fs; kw;Wk; Foe;ijfs; MfpNahupilNa Cl;lr;rj;Jf; Fiwghl;ilf; Fiwg;gij Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

ngUk;ghyhd R+o;epiyfspy;> Ie;J tajpw;Fl;gl;l Foe;ijfs; ,wg;gjw;F Kf;fpakhd fhuzk; Cl;lr;rj;Jf; FiwghL MFk;.


Gy;Gy; R+whtsp (Gay;) :

tq;fhs tpupFlhtpy; Vw;gl;l Gy;Gy; R+whtsp fhuzkhf ,e;jpa thdpiy Ma;T ikakhdJ ,e;jpa khepyq;fshd Nkw;F tq;fhsk; kw;Wk; xbrh Mfpatw;wpw;F MuQ;R epw vr;rupf;ifia tpLj;Js;sJ.

,e;j R+whtspahdJ rhfu; jPTfs; (Nkw;F tq;fk;) kw;Wk; nfGghuh (tq;f Njrk;) Mfpatw;wpw;fpilNa fiuiaf; fle;jJ.

,e;j R+whtspahdJ ghfp];jhdhy; ngauplg;gl;lJ.

,J 2019 Mk; Mz;by; tof;fj;jpw;F khwhf cUthd tl ,e;jpag; ngUq;fly; R+whtsp gUtj;jpd; VohtJ GayhFk;.

fle;j 34 Mz;Lfspy; Vw;gl;l kpfg; ngupa R+whtsp ,JthFk;.

Vg;uy; - Nk khjq;fspy; Vw;gl;l kpfTk; fLikahd /ghdp R+whtspf;Fg; gpd;du; ,e;j Mz;by; tq;fhs tpupFlhtpy; cUthfpa ,uz;lhtJ Gayhf ,J ,Uf;Fk;.

nghJthf R+whtsp mjpfk; Vw;glhj mNugpaf; fly; gFjpahdJ ,e;j Mz;by; kpff; fLikahd R+whtspahd thA> kpff; fLikahd R+whtspahd `pfh> R+g;gu; R+whtsp fpahu; kw;Wk; kpfTk; fLikahd R+whtspahd kfh Mfpa ehd;F ngupa R+whtspfisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

,J fle;j 117 Mz;Lfspy; mNugpaf; flypy; mjpf vz;zpf;ifapyhd fLikahd R+whtspfs; Vw;gl;l rhjidia rkd; nra;Js;sJ. Stage of warning Colour Code

Cyclone Alert Yellow

Cyclone Warning Orange

Post landfall out look Red

MSeu;fspd; 50tJ khehL:

MSeu;fspd; 50tJ khehL rkPgj;jpy; GJ jpy;ypapd; uh\;bugjp gtdpy; epiwtile;jJ.

,e;;jpa [dhjpgjp uhk;ehj; Nfhtpe;j;> 2019 Mk; Mz;L etk;gu; 23 kw;Wk; 24 Mfpa Njjpfspy; midj;J khepyq;fs; kw;Wk; xd;wpag; gpuNjrq;fspd; MSeu;fs; kw;Wk; Jizepiy MSeu;fs; khehl;bw;Fj; jiyik jhq;fpdhu;.

Njrpag; goq;Fbapd iftpidf; fz;fhl;rp-2019:

Xbrh khepy Kjy;tuhd etPd; gl;ehaf; 2019 Mk; Mz;bd; Njrpag; goq;Fbapd iftpidf; fz;fhl;rpapid GtNd];tupy; jpwe;J itj;jhu;.

,e;j iftpidf; fz;fhl;rpahdJ ghuk;gupag; goq;Fbapdf; fiyfs; kw;Wk; iftpidfs; Mfpatw;iw Nkk;gLj;Jjy; kw;Wk; gpugyg;gLj;Jjy; vd;w Nehf;fj;Jld; Vw;ghL nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

,jpy; fhl;rpg;gLj;jg;gl;l nghUl;fs;: ,Uk;G> %q;fpy; nghUl;fs;> nghk;kyhl;lq;fs;> rpahyp iftpidg; nghUl;fs;> goq;Fb [Tspfs; kw;Wk; G+j;ijay; Ntiyg;ghL nfhz;l nghUs;fs; Nghd;witahFk;.

PMGSY jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; kpf mjpfj; njhiyT nfhz;l rhiy trjp - [k;K fh\;kPu;:

,e;j Mz;by; [k;K fh\;kPu; xd;wpag; gpuNjrkhdJ gpujhd; ke;jpup fpuhkPd; rjf; Nah[dh (Pradhan Mantri Grameen Sadak Yojana - PMGSY)vd;w jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; ehl;by; kpf mjpfj; njhiyT nfhz;l rhiy trjpfis Vw;gLj;jp rhjid gilj;J ,Uf;fpd;wJ.


,g;gFjpahdJ ,Jtiuapy; 1>838 tho;tplq;fis cs;slf;fpa 11>400 fpNyh kPl;lu; rhiy trjpiaf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.

PMGSYvd;gJ ehl;by; rhiy trjpahy; ,izf;fg;glhj fpuhkq;fSf;F rpwe;j midj;J thdpiyfisAk; jhq;ff; $ba rhiy ,izg;ig toq;Ftjw;fhf kj;jpa murhy; njhlq;fg;gl;l xU Kd;ndLg;ghFk;.

,J 2000 Mk; Mz;by; mg;Nghijag; gpujkuhd Vgp th[;ghapd; Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy; njhlq;fg;gl;lJ.

kpd;rhuj;jpd; jdpegu; Efu;T:

ghuhSkd;wj;jpd; Fspu;fhy mku;tpd; NghJ> ,e;jpahtpd; jdpegu; kpd;rhuk; gw;wpaj; juTfis kj;jpa kpd; mikr;rfk; ntspapl;Ls;sJ.

,e;jpahtpy; jdpegu; kpd;rhu Efu;thdJ 2018 - 19 Mk; Mz;bd; epytug;gb 1>181 fpNyhthl; MFk;.

2018-19 Mk; Mz;by; kpf cau;e;j jdpegu; kpd;rhu Efu;T jhj;uh kw;Wk; ehfu; `Ntypapy; (15>179 fpNyhthl;) gjpthfpAs;sJ.

Fiwe;j jdpegu; kpd;rhu Efu;T nfhz;l khepyk; gPfhu; (311 fpNyhthl;) MFk;.

PERCAPITACONSUMPTION IN KWH (2018 - 2019):

TOP 5

BOTTOM 5

Dadra and Nagar Haveli 15179 Bihar 311

Gujarat 2378 Assam 341

Goa 2274 Nagaland 356

Haryana 2082 Manipur 371

Punjab 2046 Tripura 514

VILLAGESELECTRIFIED DURING 2017 - 2019:

Arunachal 1>134 Odisha 925

Jharkhand 729

Bihar 596

Assam 572

jpUeq;iffs; cupikfs; ghJfhg;G kNrhjh> 2019:

2019 Mk; Mz;bd; jpUeq;iffs; cupikfs; ghJfhg;G kNrhjhthdJ 2019 Mk; Mz;bd; [{iy 19 md;W kj;jpa r%f ePjp kw;Wk; mjpfhukspj;jy; Jiw mikr;ruhd jhtu;re;j; nfyhl; vd;gtuhy; kf;fsitapy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

,J 2019 Mk; Mz;L Mf];l; 05 md;W kf;fsitahYk; 2019 Mk; Mz;L etk;gu; 26 md;W khepyq;fsitahYk; epiwNtw;wg;gl;lJ.

,e;j kNrhjhthdJ xU egupd; gpwg;gpd; NghJ Fwpg;gplg;gl;l ghypdkhdJ jw;nghOJ cs;s mtuJ ghypdj;Jld; nghUe;jtpy;iy vdpy; me;j egiu xU jpUeq;ifahf tiuaWf;fpd;wJ.

,J jpUek;gp> jpUeq;if> ,ilg;gl;l ghypd khWghL cs;stu;fs;> ghypd - tpNdhjfu;fs; kw;Wk; r%f - fyhr;rhu milahsq;fisf; nfhz;l egu;fs; (v.fh: `p[;uh) MfpNahiu cs;slf;fpAs;sJ.


,tu;fs; jq;fSila tPLfspy; trpg;gjw;fhd cupikiaAk; Nru;j;Jf; nfhs;sg;gLtjw;fhd cupikiaAk; ngw;Ws;sdu;.

gzpahsu; epakdk; kw;Wk; gjtp cau;T cs;spl;l Ntiytha;g;G tptfhuq;fspy; xU jpUeq;iff;F vjpuhf ve;jnthU murhq;fNkh jdpahu; epWtdNkh ghFghL fhl;l KbahJ.

jpUeq;if xUtu; jdJ ghypdj;ij „jpUeq;if‟ vd;W Fwpg;gpLtjw;fhd milahsr; rhd;wpjOf;fhf khtl;l Ml;rpauplk; tpz;zg;gk; nra;ayhk;.

kj;jpa r%f ePjpj; Jiw mikr;rupd; jiyikapd; fPo; Njrpa jpUeq;iffs; Mizak; mikf;fg;gl ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

Nyhf;ghy; - Gjpa Fwpf;Nfhs; kw;Wk; ,yr;rpid:

„kh fpupjh f];a];tpjhdk;‟ vd;gJ Nyhf;ghy; mikg;gpd; Gjpa Fwpf;NfhshFk;. ,J Mq;fpyj;jpy; “ahUila nry;tj;jpw;Fk; Nguhir nfhs;shky; ,Uj;jy;” vd;W nghUs;gLk;.

,J „,\gNrhcgdp\j;;‟ vd;w RNyhfj;jpypUe;J vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

Nyhf;ghy; mikg;gpw;fhf xU Gjpa ,yr;rpidAk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,e;j ,yr;rpidahdJ ,e;jpa rl;lj;jpd; gb ePjpia epiyehl;Ltjd; %yk; Nyhf;ghy; mikg;ghdJ ,e;jpa kf;fis vt;thW ghJfhf;fpd;wJ kw;Wk; ftdpj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;wJ vd;gijf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ.

2019 Mk; Mz;L khu;r; khjj;jpy; Nyhf;ghy; mikg;gpd; jiytu; kw;Wk; cWg;gpdu;fs; epakpf;fg;gl;lg; gpd;du; ,e;j mikg;G nray;glj; njhlq;fpaJ.

Nyhf;ghy; mikg;gpd; jw;Nghijaj; jiytu; Xa;T ngw;w ,e;jpa cr;r ePjpkd;w ePjpgjp gpdhfp re;jpu Nfh]; Mthu;.

En[d; nkhgpypl;b cr;rp khehL - 2019:

khNdrupy; cs;s ru;tNjr jhdpaq;fpj; njhopy;El;g ikakhdJ “2019 Mk; Mz;Lf;fhd En[d; nkhgpypl;b cr;rp khehl;il” elj;jpaJ.

%d;W ehs; eilngw;w ,e;j khehlhdJ ,Jtiu ,e;jpahtpy; ele;j xU kpfg;ngupa thfdj; njhopy;El;g epfo;T MFk;.

,e;jpah cl;gl 15 ehLfisr; Nru;e;j thfdj; njhopy;El;g ty;Yeu;fs; 120f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l njhopy;El;g Ma;Tf; fl;Liufis ,e;j khehl;by; toq;fpdu;.

Mrpah 2020f;fhd QS cyfg; gy;fiyf;fof jutupir:

Mrpah 2020f;fhd rkPgj;jpa QScyfg; gy;fiyf;fof jutupirapy;> Mrpaf; fz;lj;jpy; cs;s 550 ,lq;fspy; 96 ,e;jpa epWtdq;fs; ,lk; gpbj;Js;sd.

rpq;fg;G+u; Njrpag; gy;fiyf;fofk; njhlu;r;rpahf ,uz;lhtJ Mz;lhf Mrpahtpd; rpwe;j gy;fiyf; fofj;jpw;fhd Kjyplj;ijg; gpbj;Js;sJ.

mijj; njhlu;e;J rpq;fg;G+upd; ehd;ahq; njhopy;El;gg; gy;fiyf;fofk; kw;Wk; `hq;fhq; gy;fiyf;fofk; Mfpad ,jpy; cs;sd.

,e;jpahtpy; ,Ue;J rpwg;ghf nray;gLk; epWtdkhf gk;gha; ,e;jpaj; njhopy;El;g epWtdk; (34tJ ,lk;) ,lk; gpbj;jJ.

mijj; njhlu;e;J nly;yp ,e;jpaj; njhopy;El;g epWtdk; 43tJ ,lj;jpYk;> kjuh]; ,e;jpaj; njhopy;El;g epWtdk; 50tJ ,lj;jpYk; cs;sd.

,JNghd;w KjyhtJ QSjutupirahdJ 2009 Mk; Mz;by; njhlq;fg;gl;lJ.


INDIA TOP 20 (ASIARANKS):

Status 2020 2019 INSTITUTION/ UNIVERSITY

∇ 34 33 IIT Bombay ∇ 43 40 IIT Delhi ∇ 50 48 IIT Madras ∇ 51 50 IITBengaluru ∇ 56 53 IITKharagpur ∇ 65 61 IITKanpur ∇ 67 62 University Of Delhi ∇ 90 86 IIT Roorkee ∇ 112 107 IIT Guwahati

khw;wj;jpw;fhd ePu; - Nfhopf;NfhL:

MW Kf;fpa epWtdq;fspd; MjuTld; ePu;ts Nkk;ghL kw;Wk; Nkyhz;ik ikakhdJ ePu; 4 khw;wk; vd;w xU Gjpa jpl;lj;ij mwpKfg;gLj;jpAs;sJ.

,J Kjypy; Nfhopf;Nfhl;by; Nrhjid mbg;gilapy; nray;gLj;jg;gl;L gpd;du; g+[; Nghghy; kw;Wk; rpk;yh Mfpa efuq;fspy; tpupTgLj;jg;gl ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

,J xU tpupthd efu;g;Gw ePu; Nkyhz;ikj; jpl;lkhFk;. Nyhf;lf; cs;ehl;L ePu;topj; jpl;lk; - kzpg;g+u;:

kzpg;g+upy; cs;s Nyhf;lf; cs;ehl;L ePu;topj; jpl;lj;jpw;F kj;jpaf; fg;gy; Nghf;Ftuj;J mikr;rfk; xg;Gjy; mspj;Js;sJ.

kpjf;Fk; /Gk;b]{f;Fg; gpugykhd Nyhf;lf; VupahdJ tlfpof;F ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s xU kpfg;ngupa ed;dPu; VupahFk;.

Nyhf;lf; Vupapy; kl;LNk gpuj;jpNafkhf cs;s /Gk;b]; vd;gJ xU kpjf;Fk; jPT tupirapd; njhluhFk;.

/Gk;b]pd; xU kpfg;ngupa xw;iwj; jpl;lhdJ 40 rJu fpkP gug;gsitf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

,e;jj; jpl;Lf;fisf; nfhz;l nfa;Gy; yf;[hNth Njrpag; g+q;fhthdJ cyfpd; kpfg;ngupa kpjf;Fk; g+q;fhthf cs;sJ.

,e;j Vup kzpg;g+upy; nkha;uhq; vd;Dkplj;jpy; mike;Js;sJ. NkYk; ,J mUfp tUk; capupdkhd rhq;fha; khd;fspd; tho;tplkhf cs;sJ.

FWfpa fhy Kjy;tu; - kfhuh\;buh:

jdJ Kjy;tu; gjtpia ,uh[pdhkh nra;jjd; %yk;> NjNte;jpu gl;dhtp]; (80 kzp Neuk;) kfhuh\;buh khepy tuyhw;wpy; kpff; FWfpa fhyk; mk;khepy Kjy;tuhfg; gjtp tfpj;Js;shu;.

,tuJ gjtpf; fhykhdJ 1947f;Fg; gpwF Kjyikr;ruhf xUtu; FWfpa fhyk; gjtp tfpj;j %d;whtJ Kiwiaf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ.

[fjhk;gpfh ghy; vd;gtu; kpff; FWfpa fhyk; Kjyikr;ruhf (44 kzpNeuk;) gzpahw;wpatu; vd;w jdpj;Jtj;ijf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;whu;.


khw;Wj; jpwdhspfSf;F ,lq;fs; xJf;fPL – rj;jP];fu; gQ;rhaj;Jj; Nju;jy;fs;:

1933 Mk; Mz;L khepy gQ;rhaj;J uh[; rl;lj;jpy; jpUj;jk; nra;a rj;jP];fu; khepy mikr;ruit xg;Gjy; mspj;Js;sJ.

khepyk; KOtJk; cs;s midj;Jg; gQ;rhaj;JfspYk; khw;Wj; jpwd; nfhz;l xUtu; ,Ug;gJ fl;lhkakhf;fg; gl;Ls;sJ.

,e;j eltbf;if midj;Jg; gQ;rhaj;JfspYk; khw;Wj; jpwd; cWg;gpdu;fisf; nfhz;l xNu khepykhf mk;khepyj;ij khw;w ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

xt;nthU gQ;rhaj;Jf;Fk; ,dpNky; Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;l my;yJ epakpf;fg;gl;l khw;Wj; jpwd; nfhz;l cWg;gpdu;fs; ,Ug;ghu;fs;.

Nju;jy; nraw;ghl;bd; %yk; khw;Wj; jpwdhsp cWg;gpdu;fs; Nju;e;njLf;fg; glhtpl;lhy;> xU cWg;gpdu; (Mz; my;yJ ngz;) gQ;rhaj;J cWg;gpduhf mq;F epakpf;fg; gLtu;.

NghNlh]; ,af;fk; kPjhd jil ePl;bg;G:

rl;ltpNuhj eltbf;iffs; (jLg;Gr;) rl;lk;> 1967d; fPo; mrhikj; jiyik ,lkhff; nfhz;Lr; nray;gLk; fpsu;r;rpf; FOthd (Nation Democratic Front of Bodoand) NghNlhyhe;jpd; Njrpa [dehaf Kd;dzp) kPjhd jilia kj;jpa muR NkYk; Ie;J Mz;LfSf;F ePl;bj;Js;sJ.

NghNlhyhe;jpd; Njrpa [dehaf Kd;dzpahdJ td;Kiw eltbf;iffspy; ,e;j rpq;fq;fisg; ghu;itapLtjw;F kj;jpa tpyq;Ffs; MizakhdJ xg;Gjy; mspf;f ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

MfNt tpyq;Ffisg; ghu;itapLk; ,e;j g+q;fhthdJ Mrpahtpd; kpfg;ngupa tpyq;Ffisg; ghu;itapLk; g+q;fhf;fspy; xd;whf (860 Vf;fu;) tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.

,J Foe;ijfs; kw;Wk; ,isQu;fSf;fhf fy;tpr; Rw;Wyhtpw;fhd xU gaz ,yf;fhf (jsk;) cUthf;fg; gl;Ls;sJ.

fu;ehlfhtpd; fyhgu;fp tpkhd epiyak;:

fu;ehlf Kjy;tuhy; fyhgu;fp tpkhd epiyak; jpwe;J itf;fg;gl;l gpd;du;> fyhgu;fp tpkhd epiyaj;jpypUe;J Kjy; tpkhdk; Gwg;gl;lJ.

,e;j tpkhd epiyak; kj;jpa murpd; clhd;- Mu;.rpd;.v]; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; fl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,J gpugykhd Fy;gu;fh Nfhl;il cs;spl;l gy;NtW Rw;Wyhj; jyq;fSf;F Eiothapyhfr; nray;gLk;


fhe;jp fpuhkq;fs;> uh[];jhd;:

xt;nthU khtl;lj;jpYk; “fhe;jp fpuhkq;fs;” cld; xU Gjpa mikjp kw;Wk; mfpk;irj; Jiwia mikf;f uh[];jhd; muR KbT nra;Js;sJ.

,j;jifaf; fpuhkq;fs; gs;spfspy; fz;fhl;rpfs; %yk; fhe;jpaf; fUj;Jf;fis Cf;Ftpf;Fk;> b[pl;ly; cs;slf;fq;fisg; gug;Gk; kw;Wk; Rje;jpug; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; mtuJ gq;F Fwpj;J tpsk;gug;gLj;Jk;.

FU fhrpjh]; Njrpag; g+q;fh Gypfs; fhg;gfk; - rj;jP];fu;:

rj;jP];fu; khepyj;jpd; nfhupah khtl;lj;;jpy; cs;s FU fhrpjh]; Njrpag; g+q;fhitg; Gypfs; fhg;gfkhf mwptpf;f mk;khepy muR KbT nra;Js;sJ.

jw;NgHJ mk;khepyj;jpy; gp[g;g+u; khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s ,e;jpuhtjp fhupahge;jpy; cs;s cje;jp – rPjdhb kw;Wk; gpyh];g+upy; cs;s mr;rdf;ku; Mfpa %d;W Gyp fhg;gfq;fs; cs;sJ.

cyfpd; kpfg;ngupa ,];yhkpaf; $l;lk; - Nghghy;:

cyfpd; kpfg;ngupa ,];yhkpaf; $l;lkhd ehd;F ehl;fs; eilngWk; My;kp jg;ypfp ,[;jpkh vd;w rkak; rhu;;e;j $l;lkhdJ kj;jpag; gpuNjrj;jpy; cs;s Nghghypy; njhlq;fpAs;sJ.

54 ehLfisr; Nru;e;j xU kpy;ypaDf;Fk; mjpfkhd kf;fs; ,e;jf; $l;lj;jpy; fye;;J nfhs;thu;fs; vd;W vjpu;ghu;f;fg; gLfpd;wJ.

,J cynfq;fpYk; cs;s K];ypk;fSf;F Kf;fpakhd kjk; rhu;e;j kw;Wk; Md;kPfk; rhu;e;j nra;jpfis toq;Ftjw;fhd xU kd;wkhFk;.

Nghghypy; ethg;fspd; rfhg;jj;jpy; ,[;jpkh njhlq;fpaJ. ,g;NghJ cyfstpy; mJ Nghghypd; milahskhf khwpAs;sJ.

KjyhtJ “My;kp jg;ypfp ,[;jpkh” MdJ 1944 Mk; Mz;L Nghghypy; ele;jJ. mg;NghJ 14 egu;fs; kl;LNk mjpy; fye;J nfhz;ldu;.

ehL – NeL jpl;lk;:

Me;jpug; gpuNjr murhdJ „ehL – NeL‟ vd;w xU jpl;lj;ij njhlq;fpAs;sJ.

,J Mq;fpy Ma;tfq;fis mikg;gJ cs;gl Njitahd cs;fl;likg;G trjpfSld; midj;J muRg; gs;spfis khw;wplTk; Foe;ijfspd; jpwd;fis Nkk;gLj;jplTk; Kw;gLfpd;wJ.

,e;jj; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; Mq;fpy topf; fy;tpahdJ 1 Mk; tFg;G Kjy; 6Mk; tFg;G tiu mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

,J J}a;ikahd FbePu;> kur; rhkhd;fs;> Rw;Wr; Rtu;> fopg;giwfs; Nghd;w mbg;gil trjpfisAk; toq;f Kw;gLfpd;wJ.

mUe;jjp ];tu;z Nah[dh - mrhk;:

Fiwe;jJ 10 Mk; tFg;G Kbj;J> jdJ jpUkzj;ijg; gjpT nra;j xt;nthU kzkfSf;Fk; jpUkzg; guprhf “10 fpuhk; jq;fk; toq;fg;gLk;” vd;W mrhk; muR mwptpj;Js;sJ.

FLk;gq;fs; jq;fsJ jpUkzj;ij rpwg;Gj; jpUkz (mrhk;) tpjpfs;> 1954d; fPo; gjpT nra;a Ntz;Lk;.

mrhkpy; xt;nthU Mz;Lk; Rkhu; %d;W yl;rk; vd;w mstpy; jpUkzq;fs; elj;jg; gLfpd;wd. Mdhy; mtw;wpy; 50>000-60>000 jpUkzq;fs; kl;LNk gjpT nra;ag; gLfpd;wd.


,j;jpl;lk; 2020 Mk; Mz;L [dtup khjj;jpypUe;J nray;gLj;jg; gl;L nfhz;L ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,e;jpa murpay; tiuglj;jpy; mkuhtjp efuk;:

kj;jpa muR jdJ Gjpa murpay; tiuglj;jpy; Me;jpu khepyj; jiyefuhd “mkuhtjp” efuj;ij ,izj;Js;sJ> ,e;jpahtpd; Gjpa murpay; tiuglkhdJ ,e;jpa epy msitj; Jiwapdhy; ntspaplg; gl;Ls;sJ.

2019Mk; Mz;L etk;gu; 2Mk; Njjpad;W ,e;jpa epy msitj; Jiwapdhy; ntspaplg;gl;l Gjpa murpay; tiugj;jpy; mkuhtjp efuk; tpLgl;bUe;jJ.

,e;jg; Gjpa murpay; ituglkhdJ [k;K fh\;kPu; kw;Wk; ylhf Mfpa Gjpa xd;wpag; gpuNjrq;fis kWrPuikj;j gpd;du; murpdhy; ntspaplg;gl;lJ. ,e;j kWrPuikg;G mf;Nlhgu; 31 Mk; Njjpad;W mjpfhug; g+u;tkhf eilKiwf;F te;jJ.

njYq;fhdh khepykhdJ i`juhghj;ijj; jdJ khepyj; jiyefuhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. NkYk; ,e;j efuk; Me;jpuhtpw;Fk; jiyefuhf cs;sJ. 2014 Mk; Mz;by; Me;jpuh khepyj;jpypUe;J njYq;fhdh gpupf;fg;gl;l ehspypUe;J> mLj;j 10 Mz;L fhyj;jpw;F ,e;j efuk; ,U khepyq;fSf;Fk; jiyefuhf tpsq;Fk;.

kpNrhuj;jpy; td cupikr; rl;lk; - uj;J:

kpNrhuk; murhdJ gl;bayplg;gl;l goq;Fbapdu; kw;Wk; ghuk;gupa tdthrpfs; (td cupikfis mq;fPfupj;jy;) rl;lk;> 2006 (td cupikfs; rl;lk;) vd;w rl;lj;ij uj;J nra;Js;sJ.

,e;jpa murpayikg;gpd; 371 ([p) gpuptpd; fPo; mk;khepy muR mDgtpj;J tUk; rpwg;G mq;fPfhuj;ij ,r;rl;lk; kPwpAs;sJ vd;w mbg;gilapy; ,r;rl;lk; uj;J nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

gpupT 371 ([p) fPo;> epy cilik kw;Wk; ,lkhw;wk; njhlu;ghd ehlhSkd;wj;jpd; midj;Jr; rl;lq;fSk; khepyj;jpy; nray;gLj;jg; gLtjw;F Kd;du; Kjypy; xU jPu;khdj;jpd; %yk; khepy rl;lkd;wj;jhy; epiwNtw;wg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

td cupikfs; rl;lk;> 2006 vd;gij uj;J nrat;tjd; %yk;> kpNrhukpy; cs;s td epyq;fis mjw;Fr; nrhe;jkhd ghuk;gupa r%fq;fs; kw;Wk; khepy tdj; Jiw Mfpait jkJ fl;Lf;Fs; itj;jpUf;Fk;.

kj;jpa gpuNjrj;;jpy; fQ;rh - rl;lg;g+u;tk;:

kUj;Jt kw;Wk; njhopy; Jiw Nehf;fq;fSf;fhf khepyj;jpy; fQ;rh rhFgbiar; rl;lg; g+u;tkhf;f gpuNjr muR KbT nra;Js;sJ.

,J xU fQ;rh tifiar; Nru;e;j rzy; tptrhaj;ijAk; mDkjpf;fj; jpl;lkpl;Ls;sJ.

Gw;W Neha;f;Fr; rpfpr;iraspg;gJ Nghd;w kUj;Jt Nehf;fq;fSf;fhf rzy; gad;gLj;jg;gl ,Uf;fpd;wJ. gapuplg;gl;l rzyhdJ Efu;T my;yJ tu;j;jfk; Mfpatw;wpw;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gl khl;lhJ.

ep\;jh nrayp njhlf;fk; - fh\;kPu;:

[k;K-fh\;kPu;; xd;wpag; gpuNjrj;jpy; gs;spj; jiytu;fs; kw;Wk; Mrupau;fspd; xl;Lnkhj;j Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;fhd Njrpa Kaw;rp (National Initiative for school Heads‟ and Teachers‟ Holistic Advancement - NISHTHA) vd;w nrayp njhlq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

Kd;djhf> ,jw;fhd jpl;lk; 2019 Mk; Mz;L Mf];by; ehL KOtJk; njhlq;fg;gl;lJ.


,J xUq;fpize;j Mrpupau; gapw;rpfs; %yk; njhlf;f kl;lj;jpy; fw;wy; tpisTfis Nkk;gLj;Jtij Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;l xU gzpahFk;.

ehL KOtJk; cs;s midj;J muR gs;spfspYk; njhlf;f kl;lj;jpy; gzpGupAk; midj;J Mrpupau;fs; kw;Wk; gs;spfspd; jiytu;fis cs;slf;fpa 42 yl;rk; gq;Nfw;ghsu;fspd; jpwd;fis Nkk;gLj;Jjy; ,jd; Nehf;fkhFk;.

gapu; ,og;gPl;Lj; jpl;lk; “BBY” - `upahdh:

`upahdh khepykhdJ „gte;ju; ghu;gha; Nah[;dh‟(Bhavantar Bharpayee Yojna - BBY) vd;w jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; $Ljy; gapu;fis ,izj;Js;sJ.

Nful;> gl;lhzp> fpd;Ndh> nfha;ah> Fil kpsfha; kw;Wk; fj;jpupf; fha; Mfpait ,e;jj; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;s rpy gapu;fshFk;.

d; fPo;> tptrhapfs; jq;fs; gapu;fis murhq;fj;jhy; epu;zapf;fg;gl;l tpiyia tpl Fiwe;j tpiyf;F tpw;wjw;fhf ,og;gPL ngWfpwhu;fs;.

,j;jpl;lk; 2018 Mk; Mz;by; njhlq;fg;gl;lJ.

kpfg;ngupa rptypq;fk; - Nfush:

Nfushtpd; nrq;fy; fpuhkj;jpy; cs;s kNf];tuk; = rpt ghu;tjp Nfhapypy; 112 mb nfhz;l rptypq;fkhdJ ,e;jpahtpy; ,Uf;Fk; ,J Nghd;w xU caukhd mikg;gpw;fhf ,e;jpa rhjidg; Gj;jfg; Gj;jfg; gjptpy; ,lk; gpbj;Js;sJ.

,jw;F mq;fPfhuk; mspf;fg;gl;lhy;> cauk; kw;Wk; mfyj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; cyfpd; kpfg;ngupa rptypq;fkhf rhjidg; Gj;jfj;jpy; ,lk; ngWk;.

jw;NghJ> ,r;rhjidahdJ fu;ehlfhtpd; Nfhyhupy; cs;s Nfhl;bypq;Nf];tuu; Nfhapyplk; cs;sJ. ,jd; cauk; 108 mb (33kP) MFk;.

,iza mZfy; - Nfush:

Nfus khepyj;jpy; tWikf; Nfhl;bw;Ff; fPOs;s Rkhu; 2 kpy;ypad; FLk;gq;fSf;F “,ytr” mjpNtf ,iza ,izg;ig toq;f fz;zhb ,iorhu; tiyaikg;Gj; jpl;lj;jpw;F mk;khepy mikr;ruit xg;Gjy; mspj;Js;sJ.

,iza mZfiy “Fbkf;fspd; mbg;gil cupikahf” Mf;Ftjhf Nfus muR Vw;fdNt cWjpaspj;Js;sJ.

gpd;yhe;J> v];Njhdpah> gpuhd;R> ];ngapd;> fpuP];> Nfh];lh upfh Nghd;w xU rpy ehLfs; kl;LNk ,izaj;ij “mbg;gil kdpj cupik” vd;W mwptpj;Js;sd.

xbrh Nguplu; jahu;epiy ehs; fz;fhl;rp:

xt;nthU Mz;Lk; mf;Nlhgu;; 29 Mk; Njjpad;W xbrh Nguplu; jahu;epiy ehs; kw;Wk; Nguplu; Fiwg;Gf;fhd Njrpa jpdk; mDrupf;fg; gLfpwJ.

,J njhlu;ghf xU fz;fhl;rp njhlq;fg; gl;Ls;sJ.

1999 Mk; Mz;L “#g;gu; #whtsp” vd;w #whtsp Vw;gLj;jpa mopit epidT $Wtjw;Fk; vjpu;fhyg; NguopTfSf;F ek;ik jahu;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; ,e;ehs; mDrupf;fg; gLfpd;wJ.

2019 Mk; Mz;bw;fhf xbrh Nguplu; jahu;epiy jpdj;jpd; fUg;nghUs; „Nguplu; vjpu;jpwDf;fhfr; r%fj;ij Nkk;gLj;Jjy;” vd;gjhFk;.


„xbrh Nkh gupthu;‟ Kd;ndLg;G:

Xbrh khepy Kjy;tu; kw;Wk; gp[{ [djh jsk; fl;rpapd; jiytu; etPd gl;ehaf; „xbrh-Nkh gupthu;‟ (xbrh vd; FLk;gk;) vd;w jdJ fl;rpapd; xU r%f Nrit Kd;ndLg;igj; njhlq;fpdhu;.

,J Rw;Wr;#oy; ghJfhg;G ,uj;j jhdk; kw;Wk; Mgj;Jf; fhyj;jpy;; xbrh kf;fspd; eyid Cf;Ftpg;gJ Nghd;wtw;iw Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

,J ntspehLfspy; rpf;fpj; jtpf;Fk; xbrh kf;fis kPl;gjw;Fk; cjTk;.

,e;j Kaw;rp xbrh khepy Kd;dhs; Kjy;tu; gp[{ gl;ehaf;fpw;F kupahij nrYj;Jk; tpjkhf Vw;gLj;jg; gl;Ls;sJ.

Ruq;f gthb - gz;ila ePu; toq;fy; mikg;G:

fu;ehlfhtpy; epyj;jbr; Ruq;fq;fs; topahf ePu; toq;Ftjw;fhd gz;ila “fNu]; mikg;gpd;” xUq;fpize;j gFjpahd Ruq;f gthbahdJ 2020 Mk; Mz;bw;fhd cyf epidTr; rpd;d fz;fhzpg;Gg; gl;baypy; Nru;f;fg; gl;Ls;sJ.

cyf epidTr; rpd;dq;fs; epjpak; (World Monuments Fund - WMF) vd;w xU muR rhuh epWtdj;jhy; “jhf;fhzg; gPlg+kpapd; gz;ila ePu; mikg;G” vd;w gpuptpd; fPo; ,e;j epidTr; rpd;dk; Nju;e;njLf;fg; gl;Ls;sJ.

cyfnfq;fpYk; cs;s gz;ila epidTr; rpd;dq;fis kWrPuikg;gij WMF mikg;G fz;fhzpf;fpd;wJ.

fNu]; epyj;jb mikg;ghdJ 16 Mk; E}w;whz;by; Ml;rp nra;j gP[;g;g+u; Ry;jhdfj;jpd; kd;duhd Kjyhk; myp mby; \h vd;gtuhy; fl;lg;gl;lJ.

,tuJ thuprhd ,uz;lhtJ ,g;uh`pk; mby; \h vd;gtu; ,ij tYg;gLj;j mjpy; rpy $Ljy; fl;likg;Gfisr; Nru;j;jhu;.

„fNu];‟ MdJ cyfpd; kpfr; rpwe;j ePu; toq;fy; mikg;Gfspy; xd;whf ek;gg; gLfpwJ. Mdhy; guhkupg;G ,y;yhjjhy; ,J Nkhrkhd epiyapy; cs;sJ.

jpy;ypapy; Fiwe;jgl;r Cjpa cau;T:

jpy;yp khepy murhy;; jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;l Cjpa cau;tpdhy; Njrpa jiyefu;g; gFjpapy; Rkhu; 55 yl;rk; xg;ge;jj; njhopyhsu;fs; gadila ,Uf;fpd;wdu;.

rkPgj;jpa mwptpg;gpd; gb jpwd; ngwhj njhopyhsu;fs; khjj;jpw;F & 14>84 Cjplaj;ijAk; gFjpj; jpwd; ngw;w njhopyhsu;fs; khj;jpw;F &16>341 Cjpaj;ijAk; jpwd; ngw;w njhopyhsu;fs; & 17>991 Cjpaj;ijAk; jw;NghJ ngw ,Uf;fpd;wdu;.

NkYk;; rkPgj;jpy; cr;r ePjpkd;wj;jpdhYk; ,jw;F xg;Gjy; mspf;fg; gl;Ls;sJ.

jpy;ypapd; Fiwe;jgl;r CjpakhdJ Njrpa mstpyhd Fiwe;jgl;r Cjpaj;ij tpl %d;W klq;F mjpfk; MFk;.

Njrpa mstpy; Fiwe;jgl;r Cjpak; khjj;jpw;F & 4>62Mf ,Uf;fpd;wJ> jpy;ypapy; ,J khjj;jpw;F 14>842 Mf cs;sJ.

NgUe;Jfspy; ngz;fSf;F ,ytrg; gazk; - jpy;yp:

jpy;yp khepy mikr;ruitahdJ Njrpa jiyefu;g; gFjpapy; ,aq;Fk; NgUe;Jfspy; ngz;fs; ,ytrg; gazk; Nkw;nfhs;s xg;Gjy; mspj;Js;sJ.


,J xU jd;dhu;tj; jpl;lkhFk;> NkYk; ngz; gazpfs; ,e;j ,ytrg; gazk; Ntz;lhk; vd;gijAk; Nju;T nra;J nfhs;syhk;.

fle;j [{d; khjj;jpy;> jpy;ypapy; ,aq;Fk; nkl;Nuh kw;Wk; NgUe;Jfspy; ngz;fSf;fhd ,ytrg; gazj;ijj; jpy;yp muR mwptpj;jJ.

nkl;Nuh uapy; Nritfisg; nghWj;jtiu kj;jpa muR mjpy; xU gq;Fjhuuhf cs;sJ. Mdhy; efug; NgUe;Jfs; jpy;yp murhq;fj;jpd; mjpfhu vy;iyf;Fs; tUfpd;wd.

Me;jpuhtpy; Nfhl;bg;NuhY:

,d;iwa Me;jpu khepyj;jpy; Rkhu; 2>000 Mz;LfSf;F Kd;G ];tu;zKfp Mw;wpd; fiuapy; xU fly;rhu; njhopy; ikak; ,Ue;jij ,e;jpa njhy;nghUs; Ma;T epWtdk; rkPgj;jpy; fz;Lgpbj;Js;sJ.

,q;F fpilf;fg;gl;l nrq;fw;fspd; msTfs; fpU\;zh gs;sj;jhf;fpy; Ml;rp nra;j rhjth`du;fs; ,r;rthF kd;du;fs; MfpNahu; fhyj;jpw;F ,izahdit.

NkYk;> tp\;Ztpd; MAjNke;jpa ehd;Fr; rpw;gq;fisAk; ,e;jf; FO ,q;F fz;Lgpbj;Js;sJ> mjd; jiyf; ftrk; kw;Wk; Milfspy; gFg;gha;tpd; gb ,e;jr; rpw;gq;fs; gy;ytu; fhyj;ijr; Nru;e;jit vd mwpag; gLfpd;wd.

mrhkpd; ghNthdh eldk;:

mrhkpd; ghNthdh eldkhdJ ,g;NghJ Mq;fpy tbtpy; mGjhgpapy; muq;Nfw;wg; gl;Ls;sJ.

fpl;lj;jl;l 500 Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dNu Gdpj rPu;jpUj;jthjpahd =ke;j rq;fu;Njtuhy; gpu[htypapd; ,yf;fpa nkhopAld; ,e;j eldk; gupNrhjpf;fg;gl;lJ.

mrhkpy; ghNthdh xU ghuk;gupag; nghOJNghf;F eldk; MFk;.

Gjpa itzt ,af;fj;ijj; njhlq;fpa xU Gdpjr; rPu;jpUj;jthjpahd =ke;j rq;fu;Njthtpd; cUthf;fk; jhd; ,e;j eldkhFk;.

nghJr; Rfhjhu mtru epiy – nly;ypapy; fhw;wpd; juk;:

fLikahd khR msthdJ Ie;jhtJ ehshf Njrpaj; jiyefug; gFjpia (National Capital Region - NCR) njhlu;e;J %r;Rj; jpzwr; nra;Js;sjhy; jpy;yp mjpfhupfs; nghJr; Rfhjhu mtru epiyia mwptpj;Js;sdu;.

Rw;Wr;#oy; khR (jLg;G kw;Wk; fl;Lg;ghL) Mizaj;jpd; (Environment Pollution Prevention and Control Authority - EPCA) jiytuhd g+Nu yhy; vd;gtupd; $w;Wg; gb> fhw;wpd; jukhdJ ,g;NghJ fLikahd ghjpg;G vd;w epiyapy; ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

jPghtspapypUe;Jj; Njrpaj; jiyefug; gFjpapy; Ez;kj; Jfs;fs; 2.5d; nrwpthdJ (Particulate matter - PM) kpfTk; mghafukhd epiyia vl;bAs;sJ.

kj;jpag; Gtp mwptpay; mikr;rfj;jpd; fhw;wpd; juk; &thdpiy Kd;dwptpg;G kw;Wk; Muha;r;rp (SAFAR – System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting and Research ) mikg;gpd; gb>PM2.5d; nrwpthdJ mjd; kpf cau;e;j msthd 411 vd;w msitj; njhl;Ls;sJ.

fhw;Wj; juf; FwpaPlhdJ (AQI – Air Quality Index) gpd;du; 484 (fLikahd) kw;Wk; 550 (fLikahd +) vd;w epiyfis vl;bAs;sJ.

fhrpahghj; neha;lh kw;Wk; fpNul;lu; neha;lhtpy; AQI MdJ 688 vd;w “Mgj;jhd” epiyf;F cau;e;Js;sJ.


jpy;ypapd; khRghl;by; capup vupnghUspd; gq;fhdJ kjpg;gplg;gl;l 25% mstpw;F khwhf 46% vd;w mstpw;F mjpfupj;Js;sJ.

gQ;rhg; kw;Wk; `upahdh Mfpa khepyq;fspy; gapu; vupg;ghdJ mjpfupj;Js;sJ.

xbrh – r%fg; gjpT:

midj;J eyj; jpl;lq;fSf;Fk; mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;l FLk;g tptuq;fspd; „xw;iw %yj;ij‟ cUthf;f xbrh khepy muR xU r%fg; gjpNtl;ilf; nfhz;L tu KbT nra;Js;sJ.

mk;khepy murhdJ Gjpa jpl;lj;ij tFf;fTk; gadhspia ,yf;fhff; nfhs;sTk; Fbkfdpd; r%f - nghUshjhuj; juit mZFtjd; %yk; rpwe;j gadhspfis milahsk; fhz;gij Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

,e;jg; gjptfkhdJ ,yf;fhf cs;s gadhspfis milahsk; fz;L> Nghypahd kw;Wk; jFjpaw;wg; gadhspfis fisnaLf;Fk; vd;W vjpu;ghu;f;fg; gLfpd;wJ.

tptrhapfSf;fhd mk;khepyj;jpd; Kjd;ikj; jpl;lkhd fypah vd;w jpl;lj;jpd; fPo;l rkPgj;jpy; 3.41 yl;rk; jFjpaw;w gadhspfSf;F &.170 Nfhb khdpak; toq;fg; gl;ljhy; ,e;j eltbf;if jw;NghJ Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWfpwJ.

ru;tNjr epfo;Tfs; FU ehdf;fpd; 550tJ gpwe;j jpdj;ij Kd;dpl;L ghfp];jhd; ntspapl;Ls;s ehzak;:

FUehdf;fpd; 550tJ gpwe;j jpdj;jpd; epidthf ghfp];jhd; muR xU nts;sp ehzaj;ij ntspapl;Ls;sJ.

,e;j ehzaj;jpd; kjpg;G 50 &gha; MFk;. fu;jhu;g+u; rh`pg; ngUtopg; ghij xg;ge;jk;:

ru;tNjr vy;iyahd Njuh ghgh ehdf; mUNf [PNuh ghapz;by; njhlq;Fk; fu;jhu;g+u; rh`pg; ngUtopg; ghijiar; nray;gLj;Jtjw;fhf ,e;jpa rkPgj;jpy; ghfp];jhDld; xU xg;ge;jj;jpy; ifnaOj;jpl;lJ.

,J ,g;NghJ ,e;jpahtpy; ,Ue;J fu;jhu;g+u; nry;Yk; rPf;fpau;fSf;F tprh ,y;yhj xU ngUtopg; ghijahff; fUjg; gLfpwJ.

,e;jg; ngUtopg; ghijahdJ gQ;rhg;- Fu;jh];g+upy; (,e;jpah) cs;s Njuh ghgh ehdf; fpuhkj;jpypUe;J JUj;thuh ju;ghu; rh`pg;> fu;jhu;g+u; (ghfp];jhd;) tiu Nkk;gLj;jg;gl cs;sJ.

1539 Mk; Mz;by; FUehdf; FUehdf; ,wf;Fk; tiu mtu; jq;fp ,Ue;j ,Wjp ,lkhf fu;jhu;g+u; rh`pg; fUjg; gLfpwJ.

kpfg;ngupa thd ,aw;gpay; njhFg;gpw;fhd cyf rhjid:

nfhy;fj;jhtpd; mwptpay; efuj;jpy; nfhy;fj;jh khztu;fshy; epfo;j;jg;gl;l kpfg;ngupa thdpay; ,aw;gpay; ghlk; (45 epkplq;fs;) kw;Wk; miykhiyNehf;fpfspd; njhFg;G Mfpatw;Wf;fhd fpd;d]; cyf rhjidfs; ntw;wpfukhf epfo;j;jg;gl;ld.

2019 Mk; Mz;bd; 5tJ ,e;jpa ru;tNjr mwptpay; tpohtpd; KjyhtJ ehspy; ,e;j rhjid epfo;j;jg; gl;lJ. ,jpy; 1>598f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l khtzu;fs; gq;Nfw;wdu;.


,e;j mku;thdJ Nkf;ehj; rh`h kw;Wk; re;jpuNrfu ntq;fluhkd; MfpNahUf;F mu;g;gzpf;fg; gl;lJ.

,e;j mku;thdJ thdpay; kw;Wk; thdpaw;gpay; njhlu;ghd gy;fiyf; fofq;fSf;fpilNaahd ikaj;jpdhy; Vw;ghL nra;ag;gl;lJ.

ICGS md;dpngrd;l;:

fhu;ld; uPr; fg;gy; fl;Lk; jskhdJ Nkw;F tq;fhsj;jpd; nfhy;fj;jhtpy; cs;s ,e;jpaf; flNyhu fhty;gilf;F (Indian Coast Guard - ICGS) mjpNtf Nuhe;J fg;gyhd ICGS md;dp ngrz;il toq;fpaJ

,e;jpaf; flNyhu fhty;gilf;fhf fhu;ld; uPr; fg;gy; fl;Lk; jsj;jhy; toq;fg;glTs;s Ie;J mjpNtf Nuhe;J fg;gy;fspd; tupirapy; ,J ,uz;lhtJ ,lj;jpy; cs;sJ. NkYk; ,j;jsj;jhy; toq;fg;gl;Ls;s 101tJ Nghu;f;fg;gy; ,JthFk;.

,J xU eLj;ju tuk;G nfhz;l fg;gyhFk;> ,J mjpfgl;rkhf 34 ehl; NtfKilajhf tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

[g;ghd;: And];Nfh ghuk;gupa rpd;dk; jPapy; vupe;jJ:

[g;ghdpy; tuyhw;Wr; rpwg;G kpf;f \_up Nfhl;ilapy; Vw;gl;l jPtpgj;jpy; mjd; ngUk; gFjp vupe;J ehrkhdJ.

[g;ghdpd; xfpdhth gFjp fyhrhuj;jpd; milahskhff; fUjg;gLk; \_up Nfhl;il ghuk;gupak; kpf;f gFjpahFk;.

tWik xopg;G: Nehgy; gupR ntd;w mgp[pj;jpd; mikg;Gld; xb]h muR xg;ge;jk;:

nghUshjhuj;jpy; Nehgy; gupR ntd;w mnkupf;ftho; ,e;jpauhd mgp[pj; ghdu;[p> v];ju; l/g;Nyh MfpNahupd; [kPy; - tWik xopg;G Ma;T epWtdj;Jld; ,ize;J nrya;gl xb]h muR KbT nra;Js;sJ.

Viofs;> ngz;fs; MfpNahupd; Kd;Ndw;wj;Jf;fhfTk; Cl;lr;rj;J gw;whFiwiag; Nghf;Ftjw;fhfTk; me;j epWtdk;> xb]htpd; 8 khtl;lq;fspy; gzpGupaTs;sJ. ,jw;fhf ,e;j mikg;Gk;> xb]h murk; Gupe;Jzu;T xg;ge;jj;jpy; ifnaOj;jplTs;sd.

xb]hit khw;wpaikg;gjw;fhd jpl;lkhd Ie;J mk;rj; jpl;llj;jpd;fPo; me;;j mikg;Gld; khepy muR ,ize;J gzpahw;wTs;sJ.

fh;g;gpzpfis muRg; gzpfspy; epakpf;fj; jil:

,e;NjhNdrpahtpy; fu;g;gpzpfs;> khw;Wj; jpwdhspfis muRg; gzpfspd; epakpf;f me;j ehl;by; gy;NtW mikr;rufq;fs; jil nra;Js;sd.

,e;j epiyapy; me;j ehl;L muR ntspapl;Ls;s Mizapy; fu;g;gpzpfs;> khw;W jpwdhspfs;> Xupdr; Nru;f;ifahsu;fSf;F Vuhskhd Jiwfspy; epakdk; toq;fg;glf; $lhJ. vdTk; mtu;fSf;Fg; gjpy; jFjpahd tpz;zg;gjhuu;fNs me;jg; gzpfspy; epakpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vdTk; cj;jutplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

26 Nfhb kf;fs; trpf;Fk; ,e;NjhNdh\pahtpy; mjpf msT K];ypk; kf;fs; njhifia nfhz;l ehlhFk;.

gzpaplq;fspy; ngz;fSf;F vjpuhd nfhLikfs; mz;ikf; fhykhf mjpfupj;J tUtjhff; Fw;wk; rhl;lg;gLfpwJ.

elg;g epfo;tfs; - etk;gu; - 2019 - chennai ias academy · 2020. 11. 2. · vellore-9043211311...

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