elg;g epfo;tfs; - nk · 5/1/2020 · vellore-9043211311 tiruvannamalai-9043211411 page 6 nraw;if...

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elg;G epfo;Tfs; - Nk –2019

t.vz; nghUslf;fk; gf;f vz;

1. jkpof epfo;Tfs; 3

2. Njrpa epfo;Tfs; 8

3. rh;tNjr epfo;Tfs; 32

4. nghUshjhu epfo;Tfs; 48

5. mwptpay; kw;Wk; njhopy; El;gk;

56

6. Rw;Wr;R+oy; epfo;Tfs; 65

7. gpugykhd egh;fs; kw;Wk; tpUJfs;

72

8. tpisahl;L epfo;Tfs; 80

9. Kf;fpa jpdq;fs; 84


jkpof epfo;Tfs;

Mz; - jpUeq;if jpUkzg; gjpT rhd;wpjo;: jkpo;ehl;bNyNa Kjd;Kiwahf J}j;Jf;Fbapy; Mz; - jpUeq;if jpUkzj;ij muR mq;fPfhpj;J

jpUkzg;gjpT rhd;wpjio toq;fpAs;sJ.

kpd;Dw;gj;jp: njd; khepy kpd;Dw;gj;jpapy; jkpo;ehL Kjyplj;jpy; cs;sJ. 2019-20,y; mdy;> ePh;> mZkpd;

epiyaq;fspd; nkhj;j kpd;Dw;gj;jp 9>131 Nfhb myFfshf ,Uf;Fk; vd kj;jpa kpd;rhu Mizak; kjpg;gpl;Ls;sJ. ,ijj;njhlh;e;J Me;jpug;gpuNjrk; 6>911> fh;ehlfh 5>336> njYq;fhdh 5>108> Nfush 604> GJr;Nrhpapy; 22 Nfhb myF kpd;rhuk; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk; vd kjpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

fhw;whiy kpd;cw;gj;jp: jkpo;ehl;by; gUtf;fhw;W tPrptUtjhy; fhw;wiy kpd;cw;gj;jp njhlq;fpAs;sJ. Njrpa mstpy;

fhw;whiy kpd;Dw;gj;jpapy; jkpo;ehL Kjyplj;jpy; ,Ue;JtUfpwJ. jpUney;Ntyp> fd;dpahFkhhp> gy;ylk;> cLkiyg;Ngl;il> faj;jhW kw;Wk; Njdp cs;spl;l

gFjpfspy; 8>152 MWkpd;Dw;gj;jp jpwd;nfhz;l 11>800 fhw;whiyfs; ,aq;fp tUfpd;wd. fhw;whiy kpd;Dw;gj;jp Nk ,Wjpapy; njhlq;fp mf;Nlhgh; Kjy; thuk; tiu ,Uf;Fk;. nghJthf fhw;whiyfs; %yk; 8>000 MW kpd;rhuk; cw;gj;jp nra;a KbAk;.

‘Mr. jkpo;ehL 2019’: jkpo;ehL mstpyhd „Mr. jkpo;ehL 2019‟Mzofd; Nghl;b> gukj;jp NtY}hpy; ele;jJ. ,jpy;

Mr.jkpo;ehL - 2019 Mzofdhf fhQ;rpGuj;ijr; Nrh;e;j R+h;ah Njh;T nra;ag;gl;lhh;.

‘Tree Ambulance’:

rh;tNjr caphpay; gy;tifik jpdj;jd;W ,e;jpa Jiz FbauRj;jiyth; ntq;ifa mth;fshy; nrd;idapy; vDk; GJikahd jpl;lk; njhlq;fg;gl;lJ. ,aw;ifr;rPw;wq;fs; kw;Wk; kdpj Mgj;Jf;fshy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l kuq;fis kPl;L efiu gRik khwhky; fhg;gNj ,e;jj; jpl;lj;jpd; mbg;gil Nehf;fkhFk;.

jpUg;G+h; - Kd;dpiy:

rkPgj;jpy; ntspaplg;gl;l gj;jhk; tFg;G kw;Wk; gd;dpuz;lhk; nghJj; Nju;Tfspy; jpUg;g+u; khtl;lk; mjpf Nju;r;rp rjtpfpjj;ijg; ngw;Ws;sJ.

Njh;r;rp tpfpjj;jpy; Kjy; 3 ,lq;fisg; ngw;w khtl;lq;fs; gpd;tUkhW

12 Mk; tFg;G Nju;T KbTfs; jpUg;G+u; - 95.37% <NuhL – 95.23%

nguk;gY}u; - 95.15%

10 Mk; tFg;G Nju;T KbTfs; jpUg;g+u; - 98.53%

,uhkehjGuk; - 98.48%


ehkf;fy; - 98.45% thlif ePjpkd;wq;fs;:

jkpof muR khepyj;jpy; cs;s midj;J khtl;lq;fspYk; thlif ePjpd;wq;fis mikg;gjw;fhd mwptpf;ifia ntspapl;Ls;sJ.

nrd;id khtl;lj;jpw;F 7 thlif ePjpkd;wq;fs; xJf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

,it jko;ehL cupikfs; xOq;FKiwfs; kw;Wk; Fj;jifahsu; epy cupikfahsu;fspd; nghWg;Gfs; rl;lk;> 2017-d; gb mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,r;rl;lj;jpd;gb vOj;J tbtpyhd Fj;jif cld;gbf;iffs; ngWtJ fl;lhakhFk;.

,e;j xg;ge;jkhdJ mjw;fhf mikf;fg;gl;l ePjpg; gupghyd thlif Mizaj;jplk; gjpT nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;.

epy cupikahsu;fs; kw;Wk; Fj;jifjhuu;fs; MfpNahu;fSf;F ,ilNa Vw;gLk; gpur;ridfs; njhlu;ghd tptfhuq;fis thlif ePjpkd;wq;fs; kl;LNk tprhupj;J KbT vLf;Fk; cupikiag; ngw;;wpUf;Fk;.

,j;jifa ru;r;irfisj; jPu;g;gjpy; cupikapy; ePjpkd;wq;fSf;F ve;jtpj mjpfhuKk; ,y;iy. Gw;WNeha; vjpu;g;G fhshd;:

jkpo;ehl;bd; Nkw;Fj; njhlu;r;rp kiyapy; fhzg;gLk; xU fhshd; tifapypUe;J Gw;WNeha;g; nghUl;fisg; gpupj;njLg;gjw;fhf fhg;Gupik toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,J kjuh]; gy;fiyf; fofg; Nguhrpupah; ntq;fNlrd; ftpaurd; kw;Wk; mtuJ khztuhd Kidtu; gl;lj;jpw;F KaYk; n[.kQ;Rehjd; MfpNahuhy; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lJ.

nyd;bd]; bA+gu;nu[pak; vd;gJ mtu;fshy; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l fhshd; tifahFk;.

,e;jf; fhshdpy; cs;s 2 capu;g;Gs;s nghUs;fs; (LT1kw;Wk; LT2) Gw;WNeha; vjpu;g;Gg; gz;Gfis ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wd.

1970 Mk; Mz;Lfspy; “nyd;bd]; vNlhgP];” vd;w xU [g;ghdpa fhshd; tifahdJ Gw;WNeha; vjpu;g;Gg; gz;Gfs; ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ vd;W cWjp nra;ag;gl;lJ.

gpd;du; mnkupf;fhtpd; czT kw;Wk; kUe;J epu;thfj;jpduhy; (Food and Drug Administrator - FDA) ,ijg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd xg;Gjy; mspf;fg;gl;lJ.

jkpo;ehl;by; cs;s nghJthd fhshd; tiffs;:

jpUtde;jGuk; kw;Wk; jpUney;Ntyp Mfpa khtl;lq;fspy; cs;s cs;Su; fha;fwp re;ijfspy; “muprpf; fhshd;” (nlu;kpNlhik nr];ikf;Nuhfhu;g];) kw;Wk; “Gw;Wf; fhshd;” (nlu;kpNlhiknr]; n`a;kp) Mfpait tpw;fg;gLfpd;wd.

fd;dpahFkup tdq;fspy; thOk; fhzpg; goq;Fb ,d kf;fs; jq;fspd; md;whl cztpy; fhshd;fisg; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdu; vd;W mwpag;gLfpd;wJ.

gOg;G kiy mzpy;:

Kjd;Kiwahf gOg;G kiy mzpypd; 300f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l $Lfs; Muha;r;rpahsu;fshy; fz;lwpag;gl;Ls;sd.

,jd; mwptpay; ngau; uj;Jgh kf;Nuhuh vd;gjhFk;.

jkpo;ehl;bd; nrQ;rpf;F mUfpy; cs;s (fpof;Fj; njhlu;r;rp kiy) gf;fkiy fhg;G fhLfspy; ,it fhzg;gl;Ls;sd.


jkpo;ehL murhdJ 1988 Mk; Mz;by; gOg;G kiy mzpy; tdtpyq;F ruzhyaj;ij Vw;gLj;jpaJ.

,jd; ngUk;gFjp tpUJefu; khtl;lj;jpYk; (Fwpg;ghf = tpy;ypGj;J}u;) ,jd; xU gFjp kJiu khtl;lj;jpYk; mike;Js;sJ.

,J = tpy;ypGj;J}u; tdtpyq;F ruzhyak; vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

fl;rpj; jhty; jilr; rl;lk;:

,e;jpa cr;r ePjpkd;dwkhdJ “fl;rp vjpu;g;G eltbf;iffspy;”<Lgl;likf;fhf mjpKf rl;lkd;w cWg;gpdu;fis jFjp ePf;fk; nra;tjw;fhd jkpo;ehL rl;lkd;w rghehafupd; eltbf;iffSf;Fj; jil tpjpj;Js;sJ.

1985 Mk; Mz;by; ,e;jpa ehlhSkd;wj;jpdhy; fl;rpj; jilr; rl;lk; (ADL - Anti Defection Law) epiwNtw;wg;gl;lJ.

,e;jpa murpayikg;gpd; 52-tJ jpUj;jkhdJ gj;jhtJ ml;ltizia ,izj;Js;sJ.

ADL MdJ fl;rpj; jhtypd; NghJ rl;lkd;w cWg;gpdu;fisj; jFjp ePf;fk; nra;tjw;fhd eilKiwfis mwptpj;Js;sJ.

Njhg;gpy; KfkJ kPuhd;:

ehfu;Nfhtpiyr; Nru;e;j jkpo; vOj;jhsuhd Njhg;gpy; KfkJ kPuhd; rkPgj;jpy; fhykhdhu;.

,tu; vOjpa “rha;T ehw;fhyp” vd;w ehtYf;fhf 1997 Mk; Mz;by; rhfpj;a mfhlkp tpUJ ,tUf;F toq;fg;gl;lJ.

,tUila Gfo;ngw;w gzpfs; gpd;tUkhW. rhfpj;a mfhlkp:

1954 Mk; Mz;by; rhfpj;a mfhlkp cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.

rhfpj;a mfhlkp tpUjhdJ ,yf;fpaj;jpy; kpfTk; jiyrpwe;j Gj;jq;fis vOjpa vOj;jhsu;fSf;F xt;nthU Mz;Lk; toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

,e;jg; Gj;jq;fs; ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s Kf;fpakhd 24 ,e;jpa nkhopfspy; VjhtJ xd;wpy; gpuRupf;fg; gl;bUf;fyhk;.

IGST fl;lzq;fs;:

jkpo;ehL muR> xUq;fpize;J ruf;F kw;Wk; Nrit tupapy; (IGST – Integrated Goods and Service Tax ) jdJ gq;if tpiue;J nfhLf;FkhW kj;jpa epjpj;Jiw mikr;rfj;ij Nfl;Lf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

jkpo;ehL 2017-18 Mk; epjpahz;bw;fhd epYitapy; cs;s &.5453.82 Nfhbia ngwtpUf;fpd;wJ.

IGST vd;gJ ruf;F kw;Wk; Nritfis xU khepyj;jpypUe;J kw;nwhU khepyj;jpw;Ff; nfhz;L nry;Yk; NghJ tpjpf;fg;gLk; xU tupahFk;.

ruj;J 269A-d; fPo; ,JNghd;w tupfs; kj;jpa murhy; t#ypf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

t#ypf;fg;gl;lIGST-y; 50 rjtpfpjj;ij kj;jpa muR itj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;> kPjKs;s 50 rjtpfpjk; khepyq;fs; kw;Wk; xd;wpag; gpuNjrq;fSf;F gfpu;e;jspf;fg; gLfpd;wJ.


nraw;if Ez;zwpT - Mspy;yh Fl;b tpkhdq;fs;:

Nguplu;fspd;NghJ kPl;Gg; gzpfSf;fhf Kg;gupkhz Kiwapy; mr;rplg;gl;l n`f;rhfhg;lu; vd;w xU Mspy;yh Fl;b tpkhdj;ij nrd;idapy; cs;s ,e;jpaj; njhopy;El;g epWtdj;ijr; Nru;e;j Muha;r;rpahsu;fs; tbtikj;Js;sdu;.

,e;jf; Fl;b tpkhdj;jpdhy; gwf;f KbAk;. ,J Kf mq;fPfhuj; njhopy;El;gj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp kdpju;fisj; jhdhfNt fz;lwpAk;.

,J nraw;ghl;L mq;fPfhuj; njhopy;El;gj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp Nguplu; ghjpf;fg;gl;l gFjpfspy; cldbahf kUj;Jt cjtp Njitg;gLk; jdp egu;fisf; fz;lwpAk;.

,J tpiuthd kPl;Gg; gzp eltbf;iffSf;fhf epfo;Neuj;jpy; kf;fspd; ,Ug;gplk; Fwpj;j jfty;fisj; jiyik epiyaj;jpw;F mDg;Gk;.

njd;ngz;iz MW:

300 ld;fs; vil nfhz;l gFjpasT nrJf;fg;gl;l ghiw fu;ehlfhtpw;F vLj;Jr; nry;yg;gl;lJ. ,e;j eltbf;if fpU\;zfpup khtl;lj;jpd; Nguz;lg;gs;sp vd;w fpuhkj;jpy; cs;s njd;ngz;iz Mw;wpd; ghijia khw;wpaikj;Js;sJ.

njd; ngz;iz MW jkpopy; njd;ngz;izahW vd;Wk; fd;dlj;jpy; jf;rpd gpdfpdp vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. NkYk; ,J “nghd;idahW” vd;Wk; mwpag;gLfpd;wJ.

,e;j MW fu;ehlf khepyj;jpy; nrd;dNfrth Fd;Wfspd; njd;fpof;F jpirapypUe;Jk; rpf;gy;g+u; khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s ee;jp Fd;Wfspd; tlNkw;F jpirapypUe;Jk; cw;gj;jpahfpd;wJ.

,J fu;ehlfh khepyj;jpw;Fs;Ns ngq;fSUtpw;F tlf;Nf 85 fpNyh kPl;lu; J}uk; gha;fpd;wJ.

,J cUthd ,lj;jpypUe;J tq;fhs tpupFlhtpy; fyf;Fk; ,lkhd jkpo;ehl;bd; flY}u; khtl;lk; tiu nkhj;jk; 400 fpNyh kPl;lu;fs; J}uk; gazpf;fpd;wJ.

gof; fz;fhl;rp:

Nk 25 kw;Wk; 26 Mk; Njjpad;W Fd;D}upy; cs;s rpk;]; g+q;fhtpy; 61-tJ tUlhe;jpu gof; fz;fhl;rp eilngwtpUf;fpd;wJ.

rpk;]; g+q;fh 1874 Mk; Mz;by; Jtq;fg;gl;lJ.

,J Fd;D}upy; cs;s go ku tsu;g;G mwptpay; epiyaj;jpy; (Pomological Station) ePyfpup kiyg;gFjpapid Rw;wpAs;s fpuhkq;fspypUe;J jahupf;g;gl;l cs;Su; nghUl;fisf; fhl;rpg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

100 Nfhbfspy; Nkk;gLj;Jjy;:

,e;j fy;tpahz;by; ,e;jpah KOtJk; cau; jpwd; nfhz;l 10 muRg; gy;fiyf; fofq;fs; 100 Nfhb &gha; kjpg;gPl;by; Nkk;gLj;jg;gl ,Uf;fpd;wd.

,e;j gy;fiyf; fofq;fs; kj;jpa murpd; uh\;l;upa cr;rjhu; rpf;rh mgpahd; vd;w jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; rpwg;Gj; jFjpfis Nkk;gLj;jpl Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;L ,Uf;fpd;wd.

ngUikkpF fhu;ndy;> Angd; kw;Wk; Arp ngu;fPfpNy cs;gl 7 mnkupf;fg; gy;fiyf; fofq;fspdhy; gy;NtWgl;l Jiwfspy; mit topfhl;lg;gl ,Uf;fpd;wd.

,e;jg; gy;fiyf; fofq;fs; epWtdr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; kj;jpa murplk; ,Ue;J Neubahf epjpfisg; ngw;wpl rpwg;G tshf epWtdq;fis Vw;gLj;j ,Uf;fpd;wd.

jw;NghJ Kd;nkhopag;gl;Ls;s epiyahdJ khu;r; khjk; 2020 Mk; Mz;bw;Fs;shf 100 Nfhbfs; fl;lhak; nryT nra;ag;gl;L ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.


fhiuf;Fb mofg;gh gy;fiyf; fofk;> i`juhghj; c];khdpah gy;fiyf; fofk;> rhpj;jpupgha; GNy gy;fiyf; fofk; Mfpad Vw;nfdNt jq;fsJ epWtdq;fisf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd.

jkpo; <o tpLjiyg; Gypfs; - jPu;g;ghak;:

,e;jpa muR jw;nghOJ gzpahw;wpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; jpy;yp cau; ePjpkd;w ePjpgjpahd rq;fPjh jpq;uh nr`y; vd;gtupd; jiyikapd; fPo; rl;ltpNuhj eltbf;iffs; (jLg;G) jPu;g;ghaj;ij mikj;Js;sJ.

,J jkpo; <o tpLjiyg; Gypfis (LTTE – Liberation Tigers of Tamil ) rl;l tpNuhj mikg;ghf mwptpg;gjw;F Nghjpa fhuzk; cs;sjh my;yJ ,y;iyah vd;gJ Fwpj;J tprhupf;ftpUf;fpd;wJ.

rkPgj;jpy; kj;jpa cs;Jiw mikr;rfk; LTTE kPjhd jilia NkYk; 5 Mz;LfSf;F ePl;bj;J mjw;fhd mwptpf;ifia ntspapl;lJ.

1991- Mk; Mz;Lk; Kjy; ,e;jpahtpy;; LTTE mikg;ghdJ rl;l tpNuhj eltbf;iffs; (jLg;G) rl;lk;> 1967 d; fPo; rl;ltpNuhj mikg;ghf mwptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

fhtpup ePu;:

fhtpup ePu; Nkyhz;ik thupak; (CWMA – Water Management Authority) [{d; khjj;jpy; jkpofj;jpw;F toq;f Ntz;ba 9.19 bvk;rp fhtpup ePiuj; jpwe;Jtpl Ntz;Lk; vd;W fu;ehlf khepyj;jpw;F cj;jutpl;Ls;sJ.

,e;j fhtpup ePuhdJ jw;nghOJ milahsk; fz;lwpag;gl;Ls;s gpy;ypFz;LY gFjp kw;Wk; ePu; tpLtpg;Gg; gFjp vd;w ,U khepyq;fSf;fpilNaahd ,izg;Gg; gFjpapypUe;J jpwe;J tplg;gl ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

v]; k#j; `ird; vd;gtu; CWMA - d; jiytuhf epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;shu;.

,jd; cWg;gpdu;fs; gpd;tUkhW.

etPd; Fkhu; vd;gtu; fhtpup ejpePu; xOq;fhw;Wf; FOtpd; jiytuhf epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;shu;.

nrd;id FbePu;g; gpur;rid:

jkpof muR 5 rpwpa cg;G ePf;f Miyfis nrd;idapy; mikf;fj;jpl;lkpl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j Miyfs; xt;nthd;Wk; 1 kpy;ypad; ypl;lu; nfhs;ssT nfhz;lJ.

xt;nthU MiyAk; 120 Nfhb nrytpy; fhrpNkL> jpUnthw;wpa+u;> jpUty;ypf;Nfzp> vk;Mu;rp efu; kw;Wk; jpUthd;kpa+u; mfpa ,lq;fspy; mikf;fg;ltpUf;fpd;wJ.


Njrpa epfo;Tfs;

Kf;fpa Gtpapay; jsq;fs;:

,e;jpag; Gtpapay; fs Ma;T epWtdkhdJ (Geological survey of Indian) Nkfhyahtpy; cs;s 2 Kf;fpag; Gtpapay; jsq;fs; Fwpj;J tpopg;Gzu;it Vw;gLj;Jtjw;fhf Kaw;rpfis vLj;Js;sJ.

fpof;F fhrp Fd;W khtl;lj;jpd; Nrhg;`hupy; cs;s njupahfhl; kw;Wk; khkYf; Fif Mfpait me;j ,uz;L Gtpapay; jsq;fshFk;.

,e;jpaj; Jizf; fz;lj;jpd; Gtpapay; fhyfl;lk; Fwpj;j Mjhuq;fshf tpsq;Ftjhy; ,it Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j jsq;fshf tpsq;Ffpd;wd.

khkYf; Fif:

,e;jj; jskhdJ 4200 Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dhy; epfo;e;j xU Kf;fpakhd fhyepiy epfo;tpd; Mjhukhf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.

khkYf; Fifapy; cs;s nghq;$rpg; ghiwahdJ (Stalagmite) ru;rNjr ghiwaLf;Fg; gpupT kw;Wk; jskhf (GSSP – Global Stratotype Section and Point) milahsg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,J ,e;jpahtpd; Gtpapay; fhyfl;lj;jpd; milahskhf mjpfhug;G+u;tkhf Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;l Kjy; FifahFk;.

njupahfhl;:

,e;jj; jskhdJ fpul;lrpNah]; (K) – NgypNah[Pdpd; vd;w ngUk; mopT epfo;itf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ.

njupahfhl; jskhdJ ,e;jpahtpy; fpul;lrpNah]; - NgypNah[Pd; (K-Pg) vy;iy khw;wj;jpd; KOikahd gjpTfisf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.

ru;tNjrj; jPtputhjp:

If;fpa ehLfs; ghJfhg;G kd;wkhdJ (UNSC – United Nations Security Council ) ghfp];jhidr; Nru;e;j n[a;\;-,-KfkJ mikg;gpd; jiytuhd k#j; mrhiu ru;tNjrj; jPtputhjpahf mwptpj;Js;sJ.

,e;j KbthdJ UNSC-d; 1267 my; nfha;jh kPjhd jilf; FOtpdhy; vLf;fg;gl;lJ.

mrhu; kw;Wk; mtuJ mikg;Gfs; nrhj;Jfs; Klf;fk;> gazk; Nkw;nfhs;Stjw;Fj; jil kw;Wk; MAjq;fs; itj;jpUg;gjw;Fj; jil Mfpatw;iw vjpu;nfhs;s tpUf;fpd;wd.

k#j; mrhiuf; fWg;Gg; gl;baypy; itg;gjw;fhd Ke;ija 4 Kaw;rpfSf;F rPdh jil tpjpj;jpUe;jJ.

,e;jj; jilr; nra;ag;gl;ltu;fspd; gl;bayhdJ jw;nghOJ 262 jdpg;gl;l egu;fspd; ngau;fs; kw;Wk; 83 mikg;Gfs; Mfpatw;iwf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.

1267 my; nfha;jh kPjhd jilf; FOtpd; Nehf;fkhdJ my; nfha;jh kw;Wk; ,];yhkpa mikg;Gld; njhlu;Gila mikg;Gfs; kw;Wk; jdpegu;fSf;F vjpuhf kpfTk; fLikahd eltbf;iffis vLg;gij Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

rkPgj;jpa jhf;Fjy;fs;:

2019 Mk; Mz;L gpg;utup 14 md;W k#j; mrhupd; mikg;ghdJ ,e;jpahtpy; Gy;thkh jPtputhjj; jhf;Fjy elj;jpaJ.

mrhuhy; epfo;j;jg;gl;l kpff; nfhLikahd jhf;Fjy;fs; gpd;tUkhW 2008 Mk; Mz;bd; Kk;ig jPtputhjj; jhf;Fjy;.


2016 Mk; Mz;bd; gjhd;Nfhl; tpkhd jsj; jhf;Fjy; kw;Wk; gpw.

];lhu;l; mg; ,e;jpah njhiyNehf;F ghu;it - 2024:

tu;j;jf kw;Wk; njhopy; Jiw mikr;rfkhdJ ];lhu;l; mg; ,e;jpah njhiyNehf;Fg; ghu;itapd; xU gFjpahf njhopy; njhlq;Fgtu;fis Cf;Ftpf;Fk; tifapy; tupr; rYiffs; Nghd;w Cf;Ftpg;G eltbf;iffis Kd;nkhope;Js;sJ.

2024 Mk; Mz;lstpy; ehl;by; 50>000 Gjpa njhopy; njhlf;fq;fis cUthf;f toptif nra;tJk; 20 ,yl;rk; Neub kw;Wk; kiwKf Ntiy tha;g;GfisAk; cUthf;FtJNk ,e;j njhiyNehf;Fg; ghu;itapd; Nehf;fkhf cs;sJ.

,e;j MtzkhdJ tu;;j;jfk; kw;Wk; njhopy; Jiw mikr;rfj;jpd; fPo; cs;s njhopy;Jiw Cf;Ftpg;G kw;Wk; cs;ehl;L tu;j;jf Nkk;ghl;Lj; Jiwapdhy; jahupf;fg;gl;lJ.

];lhu; - mg; ,e;jpah:

2016 Mk; Mz;L [dtup khjk; njhlq;fg;gl;l ,e;jj; jpl;lkhdJ ,e;jpa murpd; Kjd;ik Kd;ndLg;ghFk;

,J njhopy; njhlf;fq;fspd; tsu;r;rpf;F tYthd #oiy cUthf;FtijAk; Ntiy tha;g;Gfis cUthf;Ftjd; %yk; ePbj;j nghUshjhu tsu;r;rpia miltijAk; Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

];;lhu;-mg; ,e;jpah jpl;lkhdJ tupr; rYif cl;gl ,ju gy rYiffisAk; toq;FfpwJ. th`d; juTj;jsk;: th`d; vd;gJ b[pl;ly; Kiwapy; thfdq;fs; gjpT nra;ag;gLk; Njrpa mstpyhd jskhFk;. ,J epwk;> Mw;wy;> tzpfu;> mbr;rl;lf vz; kw;Wk; VupthAit cs;spl;l 28 tifahd

thfdq;fspd; juTfis nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. kj;jpa rhiyg; Nghf;Ftuj;J kw;Wk; neLQ;rhiyj; Jiw mikr;rfkhdJ ,e;jj; juTfis

jtwhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLtij jLg;gjw;fhf Gjpa tpjpKiwfis cUthf;fpAs;sJ. ,J ,e;jj; jfty;fisg; gpd;tUk; epWtdq;fshy; kl;LNk gad;gLj;j KbAk;

o ,e;jpahtpy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;l epWtdq;fs; o 50 rjtpfpj epWtd gq;fpid ,e;jpau;fs; nfhz;bUe;jhy; kl;LNk gad;gLj;j KbAk;.

epWtdq;fshy; mZf;$ba ,JNghd;w midj;Jj; jfty;fSk; ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s jfty; toq;Fk; mikg;gpy; (Server) Nrkpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

tzpfg; gad;ghl;bw;fhf ,JNghd;w jfty;fisg; gad;gLj;Jk; epWtdq;fs; Mz;Lf; fl;lzkhf &.3 Nfhbia nrYj;;j Ntz;Lk;.

1 ,yl;rk; czT: kj;jpa czTj; njhopy;El;g Muha;r;rp epWtdkhdJ (CFTRI – Central Food Technological Research ) 1

,yl;rj;jpw;Fk; Nkw;gl;l rhg;gpLtjw;Fj; jFe;j czTfisj; jahupj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. ,e;j czT ghdpg; Gayhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s xbrh> Me;jpug; gpuNjrk; kw;Wk; Nkw;F tq;f

khepyq;fspy;; toq;fg;gl tpUf;fpd;wJ. CFTRI vd;gJ mwptpay; kw;Wk; njhopyf Muha;r;rp Mizaj;jpd; fPo; ,aq;Fk; Ma;tfq;fspy;

xd;whFk;. ,J 1950 Mk; Mz;L mf;Nlhgu; 21 md;W fu;ehlfhtpd; ik#upy; jpwf;fg;gl;lJ. kwf;fg;gl;l nerT Kiwfs;: jpy;ypiar; Nru;e;j vOj;jhsuhd uhjpfh rpq; vd;gtu; “Ruhah `hrd; Ngh]; xU ghuk;gupaj;ij

nea;jy;” vd;w jiyg;G nfhz;l xU Gj;jfj;ij vOjpAs;shu;.


,J kwf;;fbf;fg;gl;l 2 nerT KiwfSf;Fg; Gj;Japu; mspj;jjw;fhf nfsutpf;fg;gl;l Ruhah `hrd; Nghi]g; gw;wpaJ. `pk;Nuh – ghurPf gl;L nerT Kiw k];U – gl;L kw;Wk; gUj;jp nerT

/ghdpGay;: mupjpDk; mupjhd tifiar; rhu;e;jJk; fLikahd kiog; nghopTf;F fhuzkhdJkhd fLikahd

Gayhd /ghdp GayhdJ kzpf;F 240 fpkPf;Fk; mjpfkhd Ntfj;jpy; xbrhtpd; flw;fiuNahiug; gFjpfis fle;j Nk 03 Mk; Njjp jhf;fpaJ.

,J tYtpoe;J Nkw;F tq;fhsj;jpw;Fs; Eiotjw;F Kd;djhf xbrhtpy; kpfg;ngupa mstpy; fl;likg;Gfspd; Nrjj;jpw;F fhuzkhdJ.

,e;jpa thdpiy Muha;r;rp ikakhdJ /ghdp Gaiy kpfTk; fLikahd Gay; fhw;W vd tifg;gLj;jpAs;sJ.

,e;jg; GaYf;F /ghdp vDk; ngau; tq;fhs Njrj;jpdhy; gupe;Jiuf;fg;gl;lJ. /ghdp vd;why; ghk;G vd;W nghUs;.

,e;jpa thdpiy Ma;T ikaj;jpy; “fpl;lj;jl;l kpf Jy;ypakhd” vr;rupf;iffNs epu;thf mjpfhupfspd; ed;F jpl;lkplg;gl;l cjtpaJ vd Nguplu; Fiwg;gpw;fhd I.ehtpd; epWtdkhdJ fUj;J njuptpj;Js;sJ.

Ivd;v]; uQ;rpj;: ,e;jpa flw;gilapd; Kd;dzp VTfiz mopg;G fg;gyhd INSuQ;rpj; jdJ 36 Mz;Lfhy

Nritf;Fg; gpd;du; xa;T ngw;W tprhfg;gl;bdj;jpy; cs;s flw;gil fg;gw;jsj;jpy; epWj;jg;gl;lJ. 1983 Mk; Mz;L ,izf;fg;gl;l ,J Kd;dhs; Nrhtpaj; xd;wpaj;jpy; fl;lg;gl;l Ie;J fh\pd;

tFg;G mopg;G fg;gy;fspy; %d;whtJ fg;gyhFk;. 2019 Mk; Mz;by; xNu xU fh\pd; tFg;G mopg;G fg;gy; kl;LNk u\;ahtpd; flw;gilapy;

Nritapy; cs;sJ. kw;w 5 fg;gy;fSk; ,e;jpa flw;gilaplk; uh[;Gj; tFg;G mopg;Gf; fg;gy;fshf cs;sd.

nkhj;jKs;s 5 uh[;Gj; tFg;G mopg;Gf; fg;gy;fspy; NritapypUe;J epWj;jg;gLk; Kjy; fg;gy; ,JNtahFk;.

,f;fg;gyhdJ 1979 Mk; Mz;L [{d; 16 Mk; ehs; mjpfhug;g+u;tkhf “RWRWg;G” vDk; nghUs;gLk; “yt;f;yp” vDk; u\;a ngaUld; njhlq;fg;gl;lJ.

NkYk; ,J ,e;jpa mikjpg;gil gpupT eltbf;iffs; kw;Wk; 1999 Mk; Mz;by; fhu;fpy; Nghupd; Nghjhd jy;thu; eltbf;if cl;gl gy Kf;fpa eltbf;ifspy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

uh[;Gj; tFg;G mopg;G fg;gy;fs;: fh\pd; IItFg;G my;yJ jpl;lk; 61E vd mwpag;gLk; uh[;Gj; tFg;G mopg;G fg;gy;fs; MdJ

Nrhtpaj;jpd; fh\pd; tFg;G mopg;G fg;gy;fspd; khw;wpaikf;fg;gl;l tiff; fg;gy;fshFk;. ,J INS uh[;Gj;>INS uhzh>INS uQ;rpj;>INS ud;tPu;>INS ud;tp[a; Mfpatw;iw cs;slf;fpajhFk;. gpuk;Nkh]; kPnahyp VTfizfs; Kjd;Kjypy; uh[;Gj; tFg;G mopg;Gf; fg;gy;fspNyNa

nghUj;jg;gl;ld. Nkhb vOj;j tbtk; - mopT epiy: jw;nghOJ Nkhb vOj;J tbkhdJ mopT epiyapy; cs;sJ. ,J kuhj;jpa nkhopia vOJtjw;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; ,uz;L vOj;J tbtq;fspy; xd;whFk;. ,J kuhj;jpa nkhopia vOJk; $l;nlOj;J Kiwiar; rhu;e;jjhFk;. ,J 1400 Mk; Mz;Lfspy; Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ,J “kuhj;jpa nkhopia” vOJk; RUf;nfOj;J tbtk; vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.


kuhj;jpa nkhopia vOJtjw;F cfe;j nghJthd vOj;J tbtk; Njtefup MFk;. “kuhj;jp” nkhopapypUe;Jg; ngwg;gl;l Nkhb vd;w thu;j;ijahdJ “cile;j” vd;w nghUisf;

Fwpf;Fk;.

10 thD}u;;jpfs;: ,e;jpaf; flw;gilf;fhf fNkht; fh – 31 vd;w tifiar; Nru;e;j 10 u\;a thD}u;jpfis

thq;Ftjw;Fg; ghJfhg;G nfhs;Kjy; Mizak; (DAC- Defence Acquisition Council) xg;Gjy; toq;fpAs;sJ.

DAC MdJ ghJfhg;Gj; Jiw mikr;ru; epu;kyh rPjhuhkd; jiyikapd; fPo; nray;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;j thD}u;jpfs; (n`ypfhg;lu;fs;) thd;top Kd;dwptpg;G kw;Wk; fl;Lg;ghl;L thD}u;jpfshFk;. vdNt> flw;gilapd; tpkhdk; jhq;fpf; fg;gy; kw;Wk; Nghu;f; fg;gy;fspy; ,it

nghUj;jg;gltpUf;fpd;wd. tpkhdk; jhq;fpf; fg;gy;fs; gpd;tUk; gzpfis Nkw;nfhs;Sk;NghJ thd; gFjpia Mf;fpukpj;Jg;

ghJfhg;gjw;F ,J gad;gLj;jg;gltpUf;fpd;wJ. jpwe;jntsp flw;gFjpfspy; ghJfhg;G eltbf;iffs; ePu;%o;fp vjpu;g;Gg; Nghu; rhu;e;j eltbf;iffs;

ju;ghu; efu;T – fh\;kPu;: [k;K fh\;kPu; khepyj;jpd; jiyikr; nrayfk; kw;Wk; ,ju muR mYtyfq;fs; Mfpait

=efupy; kPz;Lk; jpwf;fg;gltpUf;fpd;wd. [k;K fh\;kPupd; Nfhilf; fhyj; jiyefu; =efu; MFk;. ,J Nk khjk; Kjy; mf;Nlhgu; khjk;

tiu Nfhilf; fhyj; jiyefuhf tpsq;Fk;. etk;gu; khjk; Kjy; Vg;uy; khjk; tiu [k;K fh\;kPupd; Fspu;fhyj; jiyefu; [k;K MFk;. xt;nthU Mz;Lk; [k;K fh\;kPupy; ,uz;Lk; Kiw eilngWk; =efu; kw;Wk; [k;K

Mfpatw;wpw;fpilNaahd jiyefu; khw;wkhdJ “ju;ghu; efu;T” vd;wiof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,J 1872 Mk; Mz;by; NjhN`uh muru; k`huh[h ud;gPu; rpq; vd;gtuhy; njhlq;fg;gl;lJ.

Njd; jpl;lk;: fhjp kw;Wk; fpuhkg;Gw njhopw;rhiyfs; MizakhdJ (Khadiand Village Industries Commission - KVIC)

,e;jpah KOtJk; cs;s tptrhapfs; kw;Wk; Ntiy tha;g;gw;w ,isQu;fSf;F xU ,yl;rj;jpw;Fk; Nkw;gl;l NjdPg; ngl;bfis toq;fpAs;sJ.

,J “Njd; jpl;lk;” vd;w Kd;ndLg;gpd; fPo; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;jj; jpl;lkhdJ gpujku; eNue;jpu Nkhbapdhy; 2017 Mk; Mz;by; njhlq;fg;gl;lJ. ,tu; ,ij “,e;jpahtpy; ,dpg;Gg; Gul;rpapd;” njhlf;fk; vd;W mwptpj;jhu;. KVIC:

KVIC vd;gJ fhjp kw;Wk; fpuhkg;Gw njhopw;rhiyfs; Mizaj;jpd; rl;lk;> 1956-d; fPo; cUthf;fg;gl;l xU rl;lg;G+u;t mikg;ghFk;.

,J Njrpa mstpy; gpujk ke;jpup Ntiytha;g;G cUthf;fj; jpl;lj;ijr; nray;gLj;Jk; jiyik epWtdkhFk;.

Ivd;v]; Ntyh: ,e;jpaf; flw;gilahdJ “[vd;v]; Ntyh” vd;w 4-tJ Gyg;glhj ];fhu;gPd; tif ePu;%o;fpf;

fg;giy mwpKfg;gLj;jpAs;sJ. ,J Kk;igapy; cs;s krfhd; lhf; fg;gy; fl;Lk; epWtdj;jpdhy; fl;likf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. vk;v]; flw;gilf; FOkkhdJ gpuhd;irr; Nru;e;j ,jd; $l;lhsp epWtdkhFk;.


1973 Mk; Mz;by; ,e;jpaf; flw;gilg; gzpapy; ,izf;fg;gl;l Nrhtpaj;ijr; Nru;e;j “Ivd;v]; Ntyh” vd;w ePu;%of;fpf; fg;gypd; ngaiuaLj;J ,e;jf; fg;gYf;F ,g;ngau; itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

Ivd;v]; Ntyh vd;w ePu;%of;fpf; fg;gyhdJ “jpl;lk; 75” vd;gjpd; fPo; fl;likf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ];fhu;gPd; tif vd;gJ fle;j ,uz;L jrhg;jq;fspy; ,e;jpaf; fllw;gilapd; KjyhtJ etPd kuG

rhu;e;j Bry; - kpd; ePu;%o;fpf; fg;gypd; tupirahFk;.

mNahj;jpahg; gpur;rid: mNahj;jpahg; gpur;rid Fwpj;J Muha ,e;jpa cr;r ePjpkd;wj;jhy; mikf;fg;gl;l 3

cWg;gpdu;fisf; nfhz;l eLtu; FOthdJ Nk 06 md;W jdJ ,ilf;fhy mwpf;ifia xU %lg;gl;l ciwapy; itj;J ,e;jpa cr;r ePjpkd;wj;jplk; rku;g;gpj;jJ.

,e;jf; FOtpd; mwpf;if mjd; Kaw;rpapy; Njhy;tp mile;jJ vdpy; ,e;jpa cr;r ePjpkd;wj; jiyik ePjpgjp uQ;rd; Nfhfha; jiyikapyhd murpayikg;G mku;T ,J Fwpj;J NkYk; tprhupf;Fk;.

2010 Mk; Mz;L nrg;lk;gu; 30 md;W myfhghj; cau;ePjpkd;wk; mspj;js;s jPu;g;Gf;F vjpuhd kDf;fspd; kPj cr;r ePjpkd;wk; tprhupf;Fk;. myfhghj; cau;ePjkd;wk; 2.77 Vf;fu; nfhz;l ,e;j gpur;rpidf;Fupa epyj;ijg; gpd;tUk; 3 gpuptpdu; gfpu;e;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;W jPu;g;gspj;jJ. epu;Nkhfp mf;`huh gpupT rd;dp kj;jpa tf;/G thupak;> cj;jug; gpuNjrk; uhk;yhyh tpu[;khd; flTs;

fWg;Gg; gl;bay; iftplg; gLjy;: kj;jpa cs;Jiw mikr;rfkhdJ ,e;jpa tk;rhtspiar; Nru;e;j kf;fspd; kPjhd jdJ “cs;Su;

ghjfg; gl;bay;fisf;” iftpl;Ls;sJ. ,J ngUk;ghYk; ,e;jpa tk;rhtsp kf;fspd; “fWg;Gg; gl;bay;” vd;W miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;jg; gl;bayhdJ ntspehLfspy; cs;s ,e;jpaj; J}jufj;jpdhy; epu;tfpf;fg; gLfpd;wJ. ,e;jg; gl;bayhdJ ,e;jpahtpy; Fw;wk; rhl;lg;gl;L> ntspehL nrd;W jQ;rk; mile;jtu;fspd;

ngau;fisf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. ,e;jg; gl;baypy; cs;s kf;fSf;F ntspehLfspy; cs;s ,e;jpaj; J}jufj;jpdhy; EioT ,irT

Nritfs; kWf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;j khw;wj;jpw;Fg; gpd;du;> rhjhuz ,e;jpa EioT ,iritg; gad;gLj;jp 2 Mz;Lfs; tho;e;j

gpwF mtu;fs; ntspehLtho; ,e;jpau;fSf;fhd FbAhpikiag; ngw mDkjpf;fg;gLfpwhu;fs;. Rfhjhuj; Jiwapy; gw;whf;Fiw: cyf Rfhjhu epWtdjpd; (World Health organisation - WHO) juTfspd;gb ,e;jpah Rfhjhu

Nritfis mspg;gtu;fspd; gw;whf;Fiwia vjpu; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. 5 kpy;ypad; gzpahsu;fs; ,Ue;j NghjpYk; jpwd;kpf;f Rfhjhug; gzpahsu;fspd; rkkw;w

gzpaku;j;Jjypd; fhuzkhf gw;whf;Fiw Vw;gLfpd;wJ. gPfhu;> [hu;f;fz;l;> cj;jug; gpuNjrk; kw;Wk; ,uh[];jhd; Mfpa khepyq;fs; kpf mjpf mstpyhd

Rfhjhug; gzpahsu;fspd; gw;whf;Fiwia vjpu;nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. jpy;yp> Nfush> gQ;rhg; kw;Wk; F[uhj; Mfpa khepyq;fspy; Rfhjhug; gzpahsu;fspd; vz;zpf;if

rpwe;j epiyapy; cs;sJ. WHO MdJ kUj;Jtk; rhuh Nritfis mspf;Fk; gy;NtW tifapdu;fSf;fhd gbg;Gfis

,e;jpah cUthf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; gupe;Jiuj;Js;sJ. ,e;jpahtpd; Kjy; gdp NjePu; tpLjp: [k;K fh\;kPupd; ylhf; gFjpapy; cs;s kiyf; fpuhkkhd fahtpy; vy;iyg;Gw rhiy

mikg;ghdJ ,e;jpahtpd; Kjyhtj gdpf;fl;bahyhd NjePu; tpLjpia cUthf;fpAs;sJ.


,J Gfo;ngw;w kzhyp-Ny neLQ;rhiyapy; fly; kl;lj;jpypUe;J 14>000 mb cau;j;jpy; mike;Js;sJ.

Gj;j rka jpahd kz;lgq;fspd; mikg;ig xj;j ,e;j gdpr; rpw;gkhdJ ,aw;ifahd Kiwapy; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.

tpLKiwf; fhy mku;T: 2019 Mk; Mz;L Nk 13 Mk; NjjpapypUe;J [{d; 30 Mk; Njjp tiu tUlhe;jpu Nfhilf;fhy

tpLKiwf;fhf ,e;jpa cr;rePjpkd;wk; tpLKiw mspf;fg;gl tpUf;fpd;J. ,e;jpa cr;r ePjpkd;wj; jiyik ePjpgjp cr;rePjpkd;w tpjpfs;> 2013-d; fPo; Miz II-d; gb tpjp 6-

d; fPo; rpwg;G tpLKiwf; fhy mku;Tfis mike;Js;shu;. ,e;jpa cr;rePjpkd;wkhdJ tpLKiwf; fhyj;jpd; NghJk; “Kf;fpakhd tof;F” vd;W xd;iwf;

fUjpdhy; mJ Fwpj;J tprhuizia Nkw;nfhs;Sk;. ,J nghJthd mbg;gil cupikfis nray;gLj;jf;$ba Ml;nfhzu;T ePjpg; Nguhiz> Mtzf;

Nfl;G Miz> jil Miz> jFjpg; Nguhiz njhlu;GiaJ tof;Ffis tprhuizf;F vLj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;.

Kjd;Kiwahf> Nk 25Mk; Njjp Kjy; Nk 30 Mk; Njjp tiu tpLKiwf; fhy mku;tpw;F ,e;jpa ePjpkd;wk; jiyik ePjpgjpNa jiyik tfpf;ftpUf;fpd;whu;.

fpuhkg;Gw ];lhu;l; mg; (Gjpjhf njhopy; njhlq;FNthu;): Njrpa Ntshz; kw;Wk; fpuhkg;Gw tsh;r;rp tq;fpahdj (National Bank for Agriculture and Rural

Development - NABARD) gpd;tUtdtw;wpw;fhf &.700 Nfhb kjpg;gpyhd Jzpfu KjyPl;L epjpia mwptpj;Js;sJ. Ntshz; Jiwapy; gq;F %yjdq;fs; fpuhkg; Gwj;jpy; cs;s ];lhu;l; mg;-fspd; kPJ ftdk; nrYj;Jjy;

,e;j epjpahdJ eghu;bd; xU Jiz epWtkhd ehg; Jzpfu %yju epWtdj;jpdhy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

tptrhak;> czT kw;Wk; fpuhkg;Gw tsu;r;rp Nghd;w Jiwfspy; <Lgl;Ls;s ];lhu;l; mg; epWtdq;fs; Kd;Dupik ngwtpUf;fpd;wd.

NABARD: eghu;L vd;gj fpuhkg;Gw gFjpfspy; tsu;r;rp eltbf;iffis Cf;Ftpg;gjw;fhf KjyPLfs; kw;Wk;

cw;gj;jpf;fhd fld;fis toq;Fk; epWtdq;fSf;fhd xU jiyik epjpapapy; mikg;ghFk;. ,J 1982 Mk; Mz;by; B. rptuhkd; FOtpd; gupe;Jiufspd; mbg;gilapy; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. ,J Fbirj; njhopy;> rpW njhopy; kw;Wk; fpuhkg;Gwj; njhopy; Mfpatw;wpd; tsu;r;rpapid

Nkw;ghu;itapLfpd;wJ. eghu;L gpd;tUtdtw;iw Nkw;ghu;itapLfpd;wJ. khepy $l;LwT tq;fpfs; khtl;l $l;LwT kj;jpa tq;fpfs; kz;ly fpuhkg;Gw tq;fpfs;

mgah]; - ,yf;ifj; jhf;Fk; Mspy;yh Fl;b tpkhdk;: ghJfhg;G Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; Nkk;ghl;L mikg;ghdJ (Defence Research and Development Organisation -

DRDO) “mgha];” vd;w mjpNtf ,of;fj;jf;f thdpy; cs;s ,yf;ifj; (HEAT – High Speed

Expendable Aerial Target) jhf;Fk; Mspy;yh Fl;b tpkhdj;ij ntw;wpfukhfr; Nrhjid nra;Js;sJ. ,e;jr; NrhjidahdJ xbrhtpd; re;jpg;G+upy; cs;s ,ilf;fhy Nrhjid epiyaj;jpy;

elj;jg;gl;lJ. mgah];> jdJ fz;fhzpg;G kw;Wk; topfhl;Ljy; Mfpatw;wpw;fhf cs;ehl;bNyNaj; jahupf;fg;gl;l

vk;,vk;v]; (MEMS) fz;fhzpg;G mikg;igg; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.


,J ,yf;ifj; jhf;Fk; ,e;jf; Fl;b tpkhdq;fshdJ ,ilkwpg;G VTfizapd; tuk;G kw;Wk; fz;lk; tpl;L fz;lk; ghAk; VTfiz ghJfhg;G mikg;Gfs; Mfpatw;wpd; tsu;r;rpapy; Kf;fpag; gq;fhw;Wfpd;wJ.

mgah]; MdJ cl;Gw tspkz;lyj;jpy; eilngWk; thd; gapw;rpfs; kw;Wk; epyg; gug;gpypUe;J thd;Nehf;fp nrd;W ,yf;if ,ilkwpf;Fk; gapw;rpfs; Mfpatw;wpw;fhf tpkhdj;ijg; Nghd;W tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

cl;Gw tspkz;ly VTfiz vd;gJ Gtpapd; tspkz;lyj;jpw;Fs; (100 fpNyh kPl;lUf;Fk; Fiwthd cauj;jpy;) nray;gLk; xU VTfizahFk;.

jpiug;gl epWtdk;: midj;J ,e;jpa njhopy;El;gf; fy;tp Mizak; (AICTE – All India Council for Technical Education)

GNdtpy; cs;s ,e;jpaj; jpiug;gl kw;Wk; njhiyf;fhl;rp epWtdj;jpd; (Film and Television Institute of

India - FTII) 5 gbg;GfSf;F xg;Gjy; toq;fpAs;sJ. ,e;jg; gbg;GfshdJ Gjpjhf cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;s “nray;Kiwf; fiyfs; kw;Wk; ifj;njhopy;”

vd;w gpuptpd; fPo; AICTE-apdhy; mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,af;fk; kpd;dZ jpiug;gltpay;> fhnzhspj; njhFg;G kw;Wk; xypg;gjpT njhiyf;fhl;rpg;

nghwpapay; Mfpait njhiyf;fhl;rpg; gpuptpy; cs;s 4 gbg;GfshFk;. jpiug;glj; jpiuf;fij trdk; vOJjy; vd;w xU gbg;ghdJ jpiug;glk; vd;w gpuptpy; cs;sJ. FTIIMdJ AICTE –apdhy; mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;l jdpj;Jtk tha;e;j xNu jpiug;gl epWtdkhFk;. GNd efupy; cs;s FTII MdJ 1960 Mk; Mz;by; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. ,J ,e;jpa murpd; kj;jpaj; jfty; kw;Wk; xspgug;Gj; Jiw mikr;rfj;jpd; fPo; ,aq;Fk; xU

jdpr; Rje;jpu epWtdkhFk;. ];NgNuh (SPARROW) jpl;lk;: ,e;jpa muR jw;nghOJ “];NgNuh jpl;lk;” vd;w xU Gjpa Kd;ndLg;igj; njhlq;fpAs;sJ. ];NgNuh (SPARROW) vd;w thu;j;ij MdJ “rpwg;ghd nray;ghL Fwpj;j epfo;Neu gjpT rhsu

kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if” vd;gijf; Fwpf;Fk;. ,J gpd;tUtdtw;iw mila vz;Zfpd;wJ. kj;jpa kiwKf tup kw;Wk; Rq;f thupaj;jpd; (Central Board of Indirect Tax and Customs)

46>000j;jpw;Fk; Nkw;gl;l FSg; B kw;Wk; F&g; C mjpfhupfSf;fhd tUlhe;jpu nray;ghl;L kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;iffis (APARs – Annual Perfoamance Appraisal Resports) epfo;Neuj;jpy; gjpT nra;jy;.

kj;jpa [pv];b kw;Wk; CBIC – d; Rq;fg; gzpfspy; gzpahw;Wk; ngUk; gzpahsu;fspd; nkhj;j jpwikiaAk; kd cWjpiaAk; Nkk;gLj;Jjy;.

,e;jpa tUtha;g; gzp mjpfhupfSf;fhd SPARROW -d; APARs-is epfo; Neuj;jpy; gjpT nra;jyhdJ 2016-17 Mk; Mz;by; Vw;nfdNt nray;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

Foe;ij ,wg;G tpfpjk;: [hd;]; `hg;fpd;]; GSk;ngu;f; nghJr; Rfhjhu epWtdj;ijr; Nru;e;j Muha;r;rpahsu;fs;

,e;jpahtpy; 5 tajpw;Fk; fPOs;s Foe;ijfspilNa epfOk; ,wg;Gfs; Fwpj;J “yhd;nrl; ru;tNjr Rfhjhuk;” vd;w gj;jpupf;ifapy; xU Gjpa Ma;it ntspapl;Ls;sdu;.

2015 Mk; Mz;by; 5 tajpw;F fPo; nkhj;j 1.2 kpy;ypad; Foe;ijfs; (1000 Foe;ijfSf;F 47.8 Foe;ijfs;) ,we;Js;sdu;.

cyfpy; kpf mjpfkhd Foe;ijfs; ,e;jpahtpy; ,we;Js;sdu;. Foe;ij ,wg;G tpfpjkhdJ m];]hkpy; mjpfkhf cs;sJ. ,q;F 1000 Foe;ijfSf;F 73.1

Foe;ijfs; ,we;Js;sdu;. Nfhthtpy; ,e;j tpfpjk; 9.7 Mf cs;sJ.


Fwpg;gpl;l fhyj;jpw;F Kd;Ng Foe;ij gpwj;jypy; Vw;gLk; gpur;ridfs; kw;Wk; jLf;ff; $ba njhw;W Neha;fs; Mfpait Foe;ijfspd; ,wg;Gf;F Kf;fpaf; fhuzq;fshFk;.

Neha;j; jLg;G+rp mspj;jy;> Foe;ijg; gpwg;ig Nkk;gLj;Jjy; kw;Wk; Gjpjhfg; gpwe;j Foe;ijfspd; eyd; Nkk;ghL Mfpa eltbf;iffs; %yk; ,e;j ,wg;Gfisj; jLf;f KbAk;.

NCERTghlj; jpl;lk; - kW Ma;T: Njrpaf; fy;tp fl;likg;G – 2005I (NCF – National Curriculum Framework) kW Ma;T nra;aj;

jpl;lkpl;bUg;gjhf Njrpaf; fy;tp Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; gapw;rp Mizaj;jpd; (NCERT – National Council of

Educational Research and Training) ,af;Feu; mwptpj;Js;shu;. NCF MdJ gs;spg; ghlj; jpl;lj;ij cUthf;Ftjw;Fk; ghlg; Gj;jfq;fis vOJtjw;Fkhd xU

fl;likg;ig mspf;fpd;wJ. NkYk; ,J ,e;jpahtpy; fw;gpj;jy; eilKiwfs; Fwpj;j topfhl;Ljy;fis toq;Ffpd;wJ. 1975> 1988> 2000 kw;Wk; 2005 Mfpa Mz;Lfspy; ehd;F Njrpaf; fy;tpf; fl;likg;Gfs;

ntspaplg;gl;Ls;sd. gs;spg; ghlj; jpl;lj;ij kW Ma;T nra;tjw;fhd gzpf; FO tpiutpy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl tpUf;fpd;wJ. kUe;Jfspd; tpiyf; fl;Lg;ghL: Njrpa kUe;J tpiy epu;za Mizak; (NPPA – National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority)

gl;bayplg;glhj 9 Gw;WNeha; kUe;Jfspd; tpiyia 87 rjtpfpjk; mstpw;F Fiwj;Js;sJ. ,e;j Mz;bd; njhlf;fj;jpy; ,e;jpa murhq;fk; 42 Gw;WNeha; kUe;Jfspd; tpiyia 30 rjtpfpj

mstpw;F Fiwe;jJ. NPPA MdJ 1997 Mk; Mz;by; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ,J kj;jpa ,urhadq;fs; kw;Wk; cuq;fs; mikr;rfj;jpd; kUe;Jfs; Jiwapd; fPo;

nray;gLfpd;wJ. MdJ kUe;J tpiyf; fl;Lg;ghl;L tpjpfspd;gb (DPCO – Drug Price Control Orders) kUe;Jfspd;

gl;bay; kw;Wk; mtw;wpd; mjpfgl;r tpw;gid tpiy Fwpj;jg; gl;baiy ntspapLfpd;wJ. epyg; gug;gpypUe;J thdpy; cs;s ,yf;ifj; jhf;fp mopf;Fk; eLj;ju tuk;Gila VTfiz: ,e;jpaf; flw;gilahdJ ghJfhg;G Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; tsu;r;rp mikg;G kw;Wk; ,];Nuy; tpz;ntsp

njhopw;Jiw epWtdj;Jld; ,ize;J epyg; gug;gpypUe;J thdpy; cs;s ,yf;ifj; jhf;fp mopf;Fk; eLj;ju tuk;Gila VTfizia (MRSAM – Medium Range Surface to Air Missile) ntw;wpfukhf Nrhjid nra;Js;sJ.

,e;j VTfizfshdJ gpd;tUtdtw;iw Nkk;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. ,e;jpaf; flw;gilapd; gpd;tUtdtw;iw Nkk;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. Xl;Lnkhj;j Nghu;j; jpwd; eltbf;iffs;.

,e;;j epyg; gug;gpypUe;J thdpy; cs;s ,yf;ifj; jhf;fp mopf;Fk; VTfizfshdJ nfhy;fj;jh gpupT mopg;Gf; fg;gy;fspy; nghUj;jg;gl tpUf;fpd;wJ. NkYk; ,J vjpu;fhyj;jpy; ,e;jpaf; flw;gilapy; ,izatpUf;Fk; midj;J Kf;fpakhd fg;gy;fspYk; nghUj;jg;gltpUf;fpd;wJ.

twl;rp Fwpj;j MNyhrid: kj;jpa muR kfhuh\;buh> F[uhj; fu;ehlfh> Me;jpug; gpuNjrk;> njYq;fhdh kw;Wk; jkpo;ehL Mfpa

6 khepyq;fSf;F twl;rp Fwpj;j MNyhridia toq;fpAs;sJ. fle;j 10 Mz;Lfspy; ePu; Nrkpg;Gg; Gs;sp tptuq;fspd; ruhrupia tpl 20 rjtpfpjj;jpw;Fk;

Fiwthd ePu; jw;rkak; ePu;j;Njf;fq;fspy; ,Ug;gpd; kj;jpa muR twl;rp Fwpj;j MNyhridia me;j khepyq;fSf;F toq;Fk;.

mizfs; kPz;Lk; epuk;Gk; tiu jw;rkak; mjpy; cs;s ePiu FbePu;j; Njitf;fhf kl;Lk; gad;gLj;JkhW khepyq;fSf;F ,e;j MNyhrid gupe;Jiuj;Js;sJ.


Gy; ];l;iuf; gapw;rp: jiug;gil flw;gil kw;Wk; tpkhdg;gil midj;Jk; ,ize;j ,e;jpahtpd; uhZtg; gilfshdJ

me;jkhd; epf;Nfhghu; gFjpapd; njurh jPtpy; Gy; ];l;iuf; (Exercise Bull Strike) vDk; $l;Lg; gapw;rpia elj;jpaJ.

,g;gapw;rpahdJ jw;NghJ ehL vjpu;nfhs;Sk; Kf;fpag; ghJfhg;G rthy;fis ifahs;tjpy; mtu;fspd; xUq;fpizg;ig Nkk;gLj;JtijAk; Kg;gilfspd; $l;L eltbf;ifj; jpwd;fis ntspg;gLj;JtijAk; kw;Wk; mjd; nray;ghl;L xUq;fpizg;ig mjpfupg;gijAk; Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;lJ.

ehlhSkd;wj; Nju;jy; 2019: 17tJ kf;fsitf;F cWg;gpdu;fisj; Nju;e;njLg;gjw;fhf 2019 Mk; Mz;bd; ,e;jpag; nghJ

Nju;jy; Vg;uy; 11 Njjp Kjy; Nk 19 Mk; Njjp tiu VO fl;lq;fshf eilngw;wJ. 900 kpy;ypad; ,e;jpaf; Fbkf;fs; ,j;Nju;jypy; thf;fspf;fj; jFjp ngw;wpUe;jdu;. 2019 Mk; Mz;bd; nghJj; Nju;jypy; 67.11 rjtpfpj thf;Ffs; gjpthfpapUe;jd. ,e;jpag; nghJj;

Nju;jy;fs; tuyhw;wpy; ,JNt mjpfkhdjhFk;. 2014 Mk; Mz;by; eilngw;w nghJj; Nju;jypy; 66.4 rjtpfpj thf;Ffs; gjpthfpapUe;jd. ,J

,e;jpahtpy; eilngw;w nghJj;; Nju;jy;fspy; ,uz;lhtJ mjpfgl;r thf;F rjtpfpjkhf jw;nghOJ tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.

rpk;ngf;]; - 19: 2019 Mk; Mz;by; Nk 16 Mk; Njjp Kjy; Nk 22 Mk; Njjp tiu rq;fg;G+upy; eilngw;w

“rpk;ngf;]; 2019” vd;w gapw;rpapy; ,e;jpaf; flw;gilf; fg;gy;fshd nfhy;fj;jh kw;Wk; rf;jp Mfpait fye;J nfhz;ld.

rpq;fg;g+u; ,e;jpah fly; rhu;e;j ,Uehl;Lg; gapw;rp (SIMPEX – Singapore India Maritime Bilateral Exercise) vd;gJ ,e;jpaf; flw;gil kw;Wk; rpq;fg;g+u; Fbaurpd; flw;gil Mfpatw;wpdhy; elj;jg;gLk; ,U ehLfSf;fpilNaahd xU tUlhe;jpu flw;gapw;rpahFk;.

,J 1993 Mk; Mz;;by; njhlq;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;jf; flw;gilg; gapw;rpapy; Ivd;v]; nfhy;fj;jh kw;Wk; [vd;v]; rf;jp Mfpatw;iwj; jtpu;j;J>

ePz;l tuk;G nfhz;l fly;rhu; Nuhe;J tpkhdkhd NghrpNlhd; - 81 vd;w tpkhdKk; fye;J nfhz;lJ.

KOik ngw;w cr;r ePjpkd;wk;: ,e;jpa cr;r ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F 4 ePjpgjpfs; epakpf;fg;gl;l gpd;G> mDkjpaspf;fg;gl;l nkhj;j

ePjpgjpfspd; vz;zpf;ifia me;j mikg;G mile;Js;sJ. cr;r ePjpkd;wj;jpy; mDkjpaspf;fg;gl;l nkhj;j ePjpgjpfspd; vz;zpf;if 31 (30 + 1) MFk;. ,J 30 cr;r ePjpkd;w ePjpgjpfisAk; 1 cr;r ePjpkd;wj; jiyik ePjpgjpiaAk; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. mtu;fs; ,e;jpa cr;r ePjpkd;wj;jpy; gzpapy; Nru;e;jjpypUe;J 65 taJ tiu ,g;gjtpapy; ePbg;gu;. ehd;F Gjpa ePjpgjpfs; ePjpgjp mdpUj;jh Ngh]; ePjpgjp #u;a fhe;j; ePjpgjp A.S. Nghgz;zh ePjpgjp B.R. ftha;

iurhl; - 2 gp: Nk 22 Mk; Njjpad;W ,e;jpa tpz;ntsp Muha;r;rp epWtdk; iurhl; -2gp (RISAT – 2b) vd;w

nraw;iff; Nfhis ntw;wpfukhf tpz;zpy; nrYj;jpAs;sJ. iurhl; -2gp MdJ Nulhu; ,Nk[pq; nraw;iff;Nfhs; -2gp vd;gijf; Fwpf;Fk;. ,J gpd;tUk; Jiwfs; kw;Wk; gad;ghLfSf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gltpUf;fpd;wJ.


Ntshz;ik> Nguplu; Nkyhz;ik kw;Wk; tdq;fs; midj;J tpjkhd thdpiyf; fz;fhzpg;G gfy; kw;Wk; ,uT Neuq;fspy; ,lq;fisg; glnkLj;jy; rpW nghUl;fis Ma;T nra;J> mtw;iwf; fz;fhzpg;gJ.

,ju iurhl; nraw;iff; Nfhs;fs; iurhl; - 2 fz;fhzpg;Gg; gad;ghLfSf;fhf iurhl; tupirapy; nrYj;jg;gl;l

KjyhtJ nraw;iff;Nfhs;. Iurhl; - 1 ,e;jpahtpd; KjyhtJ midj;J tpjkhd thdpiy fz;fhzpg;G

nfhz;l uhlhu; ,Nk[pq; nraw;iff; NfhshFk;. iurhl; - 2Bf;Fg; gpd;G iurhl; - 2BR1> 2BR2> iurhl; 1A> 1B> 2A kw;Wk; gy nraw;iff; Nfhs;fs;

tpz;zpy; nrYj;jg;gltpUf;fpd;wd. tpz;ntspapy; cs;s uhlhu; Nghd;w ,j;jifa FOf;fshdJ ehl;bd; kPJ xU KOikahd

fz;fhzpg;ig Nkw;nfhs;fpwJ. gpuk;Nkh]; thd; VTfiz: ,e;jpa tpkhdg; gil jdJ Su-30 MKI vd;w Kd;dzp Nghu; tpkhdj;jpypUe;J gpuk;Nkh]; thd;top

VTfizia ntw;wpfukhf Nrhjid nra;Js;sJ. ,J Vwj;jho 300 fpNyh kPl;lu; tuk;G nfhz;l kPnahyp Ntfj;Jld; thdpypUe;J epyg; gug;gpy;

cs;s ,yf;ifj; jhf;fp mopf;Fk; VTfizahFk;> 2.5 ld;fs; vil nfhz;l ,e;j VTfizahdJ gpuk;Nkh]; tpz;ntsp epWtdj;jpdhy; (BAPL – Brahmos Aerospace Limited) Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;ljhFk;.

,e;j tif VTfizapd; ,uz;lhtJ epfo;Neu Nrhjid ,JthFk;. ,e;j tifiar; Nru;e;j xU jhf;Fjy; elj;Jk; VTfizia 2.8 khf; vd;w fhw;wpd; xspNtfj;jpy;

nrYj;jp ntw;wpfukhf Nrhjid nra;j cyfpd; KjyhtJ tpkhdg; gilahf ,e;jpa tpkhdg; gil cUntLj;Js;sJ. ,J 2017 Mk; Mz;L etk;gu; 22 md;W flw;gug;gpy; cs;s ,yf;if ntw;wpfukhf jhf;fp mopj;jJ.

BAPL: BAPLMdJ gpd;tUtdtw;wpw;fpilNaahd xU $l;L epWtdkhFk;. ,e;jpahtpd; ghJfhg;G Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; tsu;r;rp mikg;G u\;ahtpd; “ngluy; ];Nll; xw;iw epWtdkhd vd;gpX khrpNdh];l;NuhNadpah”.

vjpu;f; fl;rpj; jiytu; mw;w kf;fsit: 2014 Mk; Mz;bd; 16 MtJ kf;fsitapy; epfo;;e;jijg; Nghd;Nw> 2019-24 tiuapyhd fhy

fl;lj;jpy; ehlhSkd;wj;jpd; kf;fsitahdJ vjpu;f; fl;rpj; jiytu; (LOP – Leader of Opposition) ,y;yhky; nray;gltpUf;fpd;wJ.

1977 Mk; Mz;bd; vjpu;f; fl;rpj; jiytupd; Cjpak; kw;Wk; gbepiyfs; vd;w ghuhSkd;wr; rl;lj;jpd; %yk; “vjpu;f; fl;rpj; jiytu;” vd;w gjtpahdJ rl;lg;G+u;t mq;fPfhuj;ijg; (Satutory

recognition) ngw;Ws;sJ. ,r;rl;lkhdJ vjpu;f;fl;rpahf nray;gLk; fl;rpahdJ mitapd; nkhj;j cWg;gpdu;fspd;

Fiwe;jgl;rk; 10 rjtpfpj (kf;fsitapy; 55 ,lq;fs;) cWg;gpdu;fisf; nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W $Wfpd;wJ.

,y;iynad;why; me;j mit vjpu;f;fl;rpj; jiytiu mq;fPfupf;fhJ. vjpu;f; fl;rpj; jiytu; gjtpahdJ kpfg;ngupa xw;iw vjpu;f;fl;rpiar; Nru;e;j jiytUf;F kl;LNk

toq;fg;gLk;.


Nju;jYf;F Kd;djhf> cUthf;fg;gl;l $l;lzpahf ,Ue;jhYk; $l> $l;lzpiar; Nru;e;j jiytUf;F LOP vd;w mq;fPfhuk; toq;fg;glhJ.

kf;fsitapd; Kjy; mjpfhug;G+u;t vjpu;f; fl;rpj; jiytu; uhk; Rgq; rpq; Mthu;. fhq;fpu]; fl;rpiar; Nru;e;j ,tu; 1969 Mk; Mz;by; vjpu;f; fl;rpj; jiytuhf epakpf;fg;gl;lhu;.

iugpy;]; kw;Wk; flNyhuf; fhtw;gil: m];]hk; iugpy;]; kw;Wk; ,e;jpaf; flNyhuf; fhty; giliar; Nru;e;j nghJ ,af;Feu;fs;

Nkfhyah khepyj;jpd; \py;yhq; efupy; eilngw;w xU tpohtpy; “,izg;Gg; gl;lak;” xd;wpy; ifnaOj;jpl;ldu;.

,J ,U gilfSf;fpilNaahd xj;Jiog;ig Nkk;gLj;JtijAk; gapw;rp kw;Wk; tpisahl;LfSf;fhf> xU gil kw;w gilapd; nghUl;fisg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;sTk; mDkjpaspf;fpwJ.

m];]hk; iugpy;]pd; 3-tJ gilg;gpuT (ehfh Fd;Wfs;) kw;Wk; ,e;jpaf; flNyhuf; fhtw;gilf; fg;gyhd “rTupah” Mfpatw;wpw;fpilNa ,e;j xg;ge;jk; ifnaOj;jplg;gl;lJ.

,e;j “,izg;Gg; gl;lakhdJ” r%f jsq;fs; kw;Wk; njhopy;rhu; epiyapy; “tl fpof;fpy; cs;s nrd;bdy; ,d kf;fis “flypd; nrd;bdy; ,d kf;fSld;” fye;Jiuahl toptif nra;fpd;wJ.

m];]hk; iugpy;]pd; 3-tJ (ehfh Fd;Wfs;) gilg; gpupT: ,J m];]hk; iugpy;]pd; kpfg; goikahd gilg; gpupthFk;. ,J 1835 Mk; Mz;by; “jp fr;rhu;

nytp”(The Cachar Levy)vd;w gilahf cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. ,J gFjprhu; ,uhhZt mikg;ghFk;.. ,J Kjd;Kjypy; m];]hkpd; ey;Nfhq; khtl;lj;jpy; nghWg;G mjpfhupahf ,Ue;j Mq;fpy

Fbikg;gzpfs; mjpfhupahd> [hu;[; vd;gtupd; jiyikapd; fPo; 750 gil tPuu;fSld; njhlq;fg;gl;lJ.

,J m];]hkpd; fpof;F khfhzj;jpid gpuk;kGj;jpuh ejpapypUe;J fr;rhu; Fd;Wfs; tiu ghJfhf;Fk; nghWg;igg; ngw;Ws;sJ.

jw;nghOJ ,e;jg; gilg; gpupT ehfhyhe;jpd; Nfh`pkhtpy; nray;gLfpd;wJ. Nfh`pkhtpy; ,g;gil ,uz;lhk; cyfg; Nghupd; NghJ [g;ghdpau;fSld; tPuj;Jld; Nghupl;L>

mtu;fs; ,e;jpahtpw;Fs; Kd;NdWtijj; jLj;J epWj;jpaJ. ngz; ehlhSkd;w cWg;gpdu;fs;: jw;nghOJ ele;J Kbe;j Nju;jypy; Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;Ls;s 78 ngz; ehlhSkd;w cWg;gpdu;fSld;

17-tJ kf;fsitahdJ ehlhSkd;w tuyhw;wpy; mjpf vz;zpf;ifapyhd ngz; cWg;gpdu;fisf; nfhz;L tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.

,tu;fs; fPo; rigapd; nkhj;j cWg;gpdu;fspy; 14.39 rjtpfpjj;ijf; nfhz;Ls;sdu;. ngz;fs;> ,jw;F Ke;ija kf;fsitapy; 65 ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdu;fSld; 12.5 rjtpfpjj;ijf;

nfhz;bUe;jdu;. NkYk; ngz; Ntl;ghsu;fs; mjpfkhf ntw;wp ngWk; jd;ik my;yJ ntw;wp tpfpjj;ij

ntspg;gLj;jpf; fhz;gpj;jdu;. ,tu;fs; mjpfkhf ntw;wp ngWk; tpfpjkhd 10.89 rjtpfpjj;ij (Nghl;bapl;l 716 Ntl;ghsu;fspy;

78 ntw;wpahsu;fs;) nfhz;Ls;sdu;. Mdhy; Mz; Ntl;ghsu;fs; ntw;wp ngWk; tpfpjkhf 6.41 rjtpfpjj;ij kl;LNkf; nfhz;Ls;sdu;.

cs;ehl;L capup vupnghUs;: 10 rjtpfpj mstpyhd cs;ehL capup tpkhd vupnghUis cs;slf;fpa fyg;gpd tpkhd

vupnghUisg; gad;gLj;jpg; gwe;jpLtjw;F ,e;jpa tpkhdg; gilapd; AN- 32 tpkhdj;jpw;F Kiwahf gwg;gjw;fhdr; rhd;W mspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.


cs;ehl;L capup tpkhd vupnghUshdJ Kjypy; 2013 Mk; Mz;by; CSIR-IIP (Council of Scientific &

Industrial Research - Indian Institute of Petroleum) Ma;tfj;jhy; Nluh^dpy; jahupf;fg;gl;ljhFk;. ,J rj;jP];fupd; capup Bry; Nkk;ghl;L Mizaj;jplkpUe;J nfhs;Kjy; nra;ag;gl;l [j;Nuhgh

vz;nziag; gad;gLj;jpj; jahupf;fg;gl;ljhFk;. ,e;j capup vupnghUshdJ tptrhapfs; kw;Wk; goq;Fbapdu; gFjpfspy; ,Ue;J nfhs;Kjy;

nra;ag;gl;l kuj;jpypUe;Jg; ngwg;gl;l vz;nzapypUe;Jj; jahupf;fg;gLk;. ,jd;%yk; ,J mtu;fsJ tUkhdj;ij fzprkhd msT cau;j;Jk;.

Gjpa ,e;jpa tpz;ntsp epWtdk;;: ,e;jpa tpz;ntsp Muha;r;rp epWtdj;jpd; xU Gjpa tu;j;jfg; gpupthf Gjpa ,e;jpa tpz;ntsp

epWtdk; vd;W miof;fg;gLk; epWtdk; mjpfhug;G+u;tkhf ngq;fSUtpy; Jtq;fp itf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;j epWtdk; 100 Nfhb &gha; kjpg;gpyhd mq;fPfhukspf;fg;gl;l gq;F %yjdj;ijAk; 10 Nfhb

&gha; kjpg;gpyhd Kjy; fl;l %yjd toq;fiyAk; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. tpz;ntspj; Jiwapd; Kjy; tu;j;jf epWtdk; Mz;l;upf;]; epWtdkhFk;. ,J 1992 Mk; Mz;L> nrg;lk;gu; khjk; ,e;jpa tpz;ntsp Muha;r;rp epWtdj;jpd; jahupg;GfisAk;

NritfisAk; re;ijg;gLj;j Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. fhu;fpy; Nghupy; kuzkile;jtu;fSf;F mQ;ryp nrYj;Jjy;: gQ;rhgpd; gjpd;lhtpy; cs;s gprpahdh tpkhdg; gilj; jsj;jpypUe;J ,e;jpa tpkhdg; gilapd;

jiyikj; jsgjpahd gp.v];. jNdhth jiyikapy; 4 kpf; 21 tpkhdj;jpy; gwe;J nrd;W fhu;fpy; Nghupy; kuzkile;jtu;fSf;F mQ;ryp nrYj;jg;gl;lJ.

fhu;fpy; Nghupd; NghJ kuzkile;jtu;fisf; Fwpf;Fk; tpjkhf ,U tpkhdq;fspilNa xU ,ilntspAld; $ba xU Njhw;wk; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ,J xU tpy; Nghd;w xU mikg;ghFk;.

,J fhu;fpypy; rngj; rhfu; eltbf;ifapd; NghJ capu;j; jpahfk; nra;j tPuu;fisf; nfsutpg;gjw;fhf elj;jg;gl;lJ.

rngj; rhfu; eltbf;if vd;gJ fhu;fpy; Nghupd; NghJ jiug; gilAld; ,ize;Jg; Nghupl;l ,e;jpa tpkhdg; gilapd; gzpf;F toq;fg;gl;l xU FwpaPl;Lg; ngauhFk;.

Mfh\; vk;Nf-1 v];: ghJfhg;G Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; tsu;r;rp mikg;ghdJ (Defence Research and Development Organisation -

DRDO)xbrhtpd; re;jpg;G+upypUe;J Mfh\; vk;Nf-1 v]; vd;w xU VTfizia ntw;wpfukhf Nrhjid nra;Js;sJ.

Mfh\; vk;Nf-1 v]; vd;gJ Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l thd;gug;G ,yf;Ffisr; rPuhf;fp mopf;Fk; jpwd; nfhz;l xU VTfizahFk;. ,J epyg;gug;gpypUe;J thd; gug;gpYs;s ,yf;Ffisj; jhf;fp mopg;gjw;fhf Vtg;gLfpd;wJ.

,e;j kPnahyp Ntfk; nfhz;l VTfizahdJ 25 fpNyh kPl;lu; tiu nrd;W ,yf;ifj; jhf;Fk; jpwd; nfhz;lJ. ,J 18>000 kPl;lu; cauk; tiu nrd;W ,yf;ifj; jhf;fp mopf;Fk;.

Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l Jy;ypaj; jd;ik kw;Wk; mjpf tuk;G nfhz;l ,e;j tifiar; Nru;e;j gpw VTfizfshd Mfh\; vk;Nf-1> Mfh\; vk;Nf-2 Mfpait DRDOtpdhy; tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

KO cly; ghJfhg;Gf; fUtp: Kjd;Kiwahf ,e;jpahtpYs;s ngz; fhtyu;fs; kw;Wk; Jiz ,uhZtg; gil tPuu;fs;

“ngz;fis ikakhff; nfhz;l” cly; ghJfhg;Gf; ftrk; my;yJ KO cly; ghJfhg;Gf; fUtpiag; (FBP – full body Protector)ngwtpUf;fpd;wdu;.

,J gy;NtW mr;RWj;jy;fisj; jhq;fpf; nfhs;Sk; jpwd; nfhz;lJ. ,J fj;jpahy; jhf;FtjpypUe;J jg;gpj;jy;> fpopry; vjpu;g;G> jhf;fj;jpypUe;J jg;gpj;jy;> jP kw;Wk; mkpyj;ij vjpu;j;jy; Mfpatw;iw Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wJ.


,J GJ jpy;ypapy; cs;s clypay; kw;Wk; mJ rhu;e;j mwptpaYf;fhd ghJfhg;G ikaj;jpdhy; (DIPAS - Defence Institute of Physiology& Allied Science)Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

DRDOtpd; fPo; ,aq;Fk; DIPASmikg;G 1962 Mk; Mz;by; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ,J gy;NtW njhopy;rhu; R+oypy; clypay;> capu; Ntjpapay;> Cl;lr; rj;J kw;Wk; gzpr;R+oypay;

mZFKiwfisg; gad;gLj;jp kdpj nray;jpwid Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf gzpahw;Wfpd;wJ. DRDO MdJ ,g;nghUs;fis mjpf mstpy; cw;gj;jp nra;tjw;fhd 5 cupkq;fis

toq;ftpUf;fpd;wJ.

ghujp thptbtj;ijg; gbf;f Xu; vspa OCRmikg;G:

nkl;uh]; IIbiar;Nrh;e;j lhf;lh; =dpthr rf;futh;j;jp kw;Wk; FOtpdh;> ghujp ];fphpg;l; vd ngahplg;gl;Ls;s xd;gJ ,e;jpa nkhopfSf;fhd Xu; xUq;fpize;j thptbtj;ij cUthf;fpAs;sdh;. gd;-nkhop xsptop vOj;JU mwpjy; (OCR)trjpia gad;gLj;jp ghujp thptbtj;jpYs;s Mtzq;fis gbg;gjw;fhd xUKiwia ,f;FO cUthf;fpAs;sJ.

Kk;ig TCSepWtdj;Jld; ,ize;J nrtpj;jpwd; FiwghLilath;fSf;fhf irif nkhopia cUthf;Fk; xU tpuy;-cr;rhpg;G KiwikiaAk; ,f;FO cUthf;fpAs;sJ. jkpo;> njYq;F> fd;dlk;> kiyahsk;> Njtehfhp> ngq;fhyp> Fh;Kfp> F[uhj;jp kw;Wk; Xhpah Mfpa nkhopfs; ,e;j tuptbtj;jpy; xUq;fpizf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

,q;Nf> cUJ kw;Wk; Mq;fpy vOj;Jf;fs; mikg;G kpfTk; tpj;jpahrkhd xypg;G mikg;G nfhz;bUg;gijf; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. Mdhy; mij cUthf;FtJ rhj;jpakw;w xd;wd;W.

IGNOU njhlq;fk;:

rpW tpahghhpfSf;F cjTk;nghUl;L> Kk;ig gq;Fr;re;ij epWtdj;Jld; ,ize;J ruf;Ffs; kw;Wk; Nritfs; thp Fwpj;j tpopg;Gzh;T gbg;ig ,e;jpuh fhe;jp Njrpa jpwe;j epiy gy;fiy njhlq;fpAs;sJ. GSTrl;lj;jpd; fPo;> gy;NtW Njitfis g+u;j;jpnra;a Njitahd mbg;gil mwpT &jpwd;fis toq;FtNj ,e;j GST gbg;gpd; Nehf;fkhFk;.

fzf;Ffs; guhkhpj;jy; kw;Wk; gy;NtW kiwKf thp tUkhdq;fis jhf;fy; nra;tjpy; <Lgl;Ls;sth;fSf;F ,J gadspf;Fk;. gd;dpuz;lhk; tFg;G Nju;r;rp ngw;wth;fs; ,e;jg; gbg;gpy; Nru jFjpAilath;fs; Mth;. ,jw;fhd Nrh;f;if tUk; [dthp kw;Wk; [{iy khjq;fspy; njhlq;fg;gLk;.

,e;jpahtpd; kpfg;nghpa thh;g;G rpw;gk;:

njYq;fhdhitr;Nrh;e;j njhy;nghUs; Muha;r;rpahsh;fs; mz;ikapy; R+h;ahNgl;by; ghdpfphp vd;Dkplj;jpy; mike;Js;s ngsj;j jsj;jpy; kpfg;nghpa mstpyhd thh;g;G rpw;gj;ij Njhz;bnaLj;Js;sdh;. ,e;ehs;tiu ehl;by; mfo;thuha;r;rpfspy; fhzg;gl;l kpfg;nghpa thh;g;G rpw;gkhf ,J fUjg;gLfpwJ. ,e;jr; rpw;gk; 1.63 kP cauKk; 35 nr.kP mfyKk; nfhz;ljhf cs;sJ.

njhy;nghUs; Jiwapdhpd; fUj;Jg;gb> ,r;rpw;gk; [hjf rf;fuj;jpw;F nrhe;jkhd Nghjp rj;Jth;fspy; xd;whFk;. ,RtF tk;r Ml;rpapd;NghJ ghdpfphp iftpidQh;fshy; Rkhh; 1>700 Mz;LfSf;F Kd;G ,e;j Nghjprj;Jth cUthf;fg;gl;ljhf ek;gg;gLfpwJ.

khk;Y} Fif:

mz;ikapy; Nkfhyahtpy;> ,e;jpa Gtpapay; Ma;T ikaKk; (GSI)tlfpof;F gpuhe;jpaKk; (NER),U Kf;fpa Gtpapay; ,lq;fspy;> Gtp-mwptpay; jfty;fSld; $ba ,U Gtpapy; fhl;rpg; gyiffis epWtpAs;sJ. ,J Rw;Wyhg; gazpfs;> khzth;fs; kw;Wk; ghh;itahsh;fspilNa tpopg;Gzh;it


cUthf;f cjTk;. khepyj;jpd; ,uz;L Kf;fpa Gtpapay; ,lq;fshd khk;Y} Fif kw;Wk; njh;hpahfhl;> fpof;F fhrpf;Fd;W khtl;lj;jpYs;s Nrhghh; Mfpatw;wpy; ,e;jg; gyiffs; itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

khk;Y} Fifapy; cs;s Rz;zf;fy; Gw;whdJ cyfshtpa ghiw mLf;F tif kw;Wk; Gs;sp rhh;e;J (Global Stratotype Section and Point – GSSP)vd Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J Gtpapay; fhyj;ijr; Nrh;e;j vd mjpfhug;g+u;tkhf xg;Gjy; mspf;f Jiz Ghpe;Js;sJ. njh;hpahfhl;by; cs;s cy;-Nrhiuq;fpa+ (thnut;) Mw;Wg;gphpthdJ ,e;jpahtpy; Rz;zf;fy; - njhd;ndO (K-Pg) fhy vy;iy khw;wj;jpd; KOikahd gjpTfis nfhz;ljhf mwpag;gLfpwJ.

‘uhzp mg;gf;fh gil’:

ngz;fs; kw;Wk; Foe;ijfspd; ghJfhg;gpw;fhf „uhzp mg;gf;fh gil‟ vd;Dk; midj;J kfsph; fhty; Nuhe;Jg; gphpit kq;fS]h; efu fhty;Jiw njhlq;fpAs;sJ. ,e;jg; gil efuj;jpy; cs;s

tzpf tshfq;fs;> flw;fiufs;> fy;tp epWtdq;fs;> rkak; rhh;e;j Kf;fpa ,lq;fs; kw;Wk; nghOJg;Nghf;ftuj;J mikg;Gfis fz;fhzpf;Fk;.

,J ngz;fis gfb nra;jy;> rq;fpypg; gwpg;G Nghd;w gpw gpur;ridfisAk; ifahSk; 16Mk; E}w;whz;by; Nghh;j;JfPrpaiu vjph;j;Jg; Nghhpl;l kq;fS]Uf;F mUfpy; cs;s cy;yh

vd;Dkplj;ijr; Nrh;e;j ,uhzp mg;gf;fhtpd; ngauhy; ,e;j midj;J kfsph; fhty; Nuhe;Jg; gphpT miof;fg;gLfpwJ.

jw;NghJ ,e;jg;gilapy; 50 ngz; fhtyh;fs; gzpapy; <LgLj;jg;gl;Ls;sdh;. xt;nthU Nuhe;Jg; gphptpYk; Ie;J ngz; fhtyh;fs; gzpapy; cs;sdh;. ,e;j „uhzp mg;gf;fh gil‟ mz;ikapy; cLg;gp khtl;l fhty; JiwahYk; njhlq;fg;gl;lJ.

‘elg;gpYs;s ehs;Kiwg;gs;spfSf;fhd GRIHA:

,e;jpah KOtJKs;s gs;spfspd; Rw;Wr;R+oy; nray;jpwid kjpg;gpLk; xU Kaw;rpahf> xUq;fpze;j tho;thjhu kjpg;gPl;Lf;fhd gRik kjpg;gPl;Lf; FOtpd; (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat

Assessment – GRIHA)fofkhdJ> rkPgj;jpy; „elg;gpYs;s ehs;Kiwg; gs;spfSf;fhd GRIHA vd;Dk; kjpg;gPL fUtpia ntspapl;Ls;sJ.

,k;kjpg;gPl;Lf; fUtp nray;jpwid kjpg;gPL nra;aTk;> Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l Mw;wy; kw;Wk; ePh; nray;jpwd; kw;Wk; Fiwe;j nray;ghl;L guhkhpg;G kw;Wk; guhkhpg;G nryTfSf;fhd jPh;itAk; toq;Fk; Xh; xUq;fpize;j fUtpahf nray;gLk;. Rw;Wg;Gwj;jpy;> gs;spfspd; Rw;Wr;R+oy; jhf;fj;ij kjpg;gPL nra;tjpy;> khzth;fis Mrphpah;fspd; topfhl;Ljypd; fPo; <LgLj;Jtjd; %yk;> epiyj;jd;ikapd; fUj;jhf;fq;fis khzth;fSf;F mwpKfg;gLj;JtNj ,e;j kjpg;gPl;bd; Nehf;fkhFk;.

kjpg;gPL nray;Kiwapd; %yk;> khzth;fSf;F Mrphpah;fSk; ,aw;ifNahL njhlh;ig Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;fhd tha;g;igg;ngWth;. NkYk; xj;Jiog;G kw;Wk; Ghpe;Jzh;T mZFKiwiag; gad;gLj;jp xUtUf;nfhUth; njhlh;Gnfhs;th;.

gf;fkiy fhg;Gf; fhLfs;:

nrQ;rpf;fUNf fpof;Fj;njhlh;r;rp kiyfspd; gf;fkiy fhg;Gf;fhLfspy;> gOg;G kiy mzpy;fspd; $Lfis Muha;r;rpahsh;fs; Kjy;Kiwahf fz;Ls;sdh;. ,J 1972Mk; Mz;L tdTaphpfs; ghJfhg;Gr; rl;lj;jpd; ml;ltiz xd;wpd; fPo; gl;bayplg;gl;Ls;s moptpd; tpspk;gpypUf;Fk; Xu; caphpdkhFk;.


,e;jg; gOg;G kiy mzpy;fs;> njd;dpe;jpa Nkw;Fj;njhlh;r;rp kiyfspy; Nfushtpy; cs;s rpd;dhW tdTaphp ruzhyak; Kjy; Midkiy Gypfs; fhg;gfk; kw;Wk; jkpo;ehl;bd; godp kiyfspy; $Lfl;b tho;e;J tUtjhf nghJthf mwpag;gLfpwJ.

tho;tpl ,og;G kw;Wk; Ntl;ilahLjy; Mfpa fhuzq;fspdhy; ,e;j ,dk;> rptg;Gg; gl;baypy; moptpd; tpspk;gpypUf;Fk; ,dkhf gFf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. NkYk;>CITES,d; ml;ltiz ,uz;bd; fPo; ,J gl;bayplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

gOg;G kiy mzpy;> 25-45 nr.kP. cly; ePsKk;> mjw;Fr; rkkhfNth my;yJ mijtpl rw;W ePskhfNth thiy cilajhf mwpag;gLfpwJ. ,J 1.5-3 fpNyh tiu vil cilajhf ,Uf;Fk;.

‘fUk;gl;baiy-Black List’:

,e;jpahtpy; Fw;wQ;Rkj;jg;gl;L may;ehLfspy; jQ;rk; GFe;j ,e;jpa tk;rhtspapdh; mlq;fpa „fUk;gl;baiy‟ epuhfhpf;f kj;jpa cs;Jiw mikr;rfk; KbT nra;Js;sJ. me;j khjphpahd kf;fSf;F tof;fkhd EioT ,irT toq;fg;gLk; vdTk;> mth;fSf;F ,e;jpa ehl;bd; may;ehl;L FbAhpik toq;fg;gLk; vdTk; mjpfhhpfs; $wpAs;sdh;.

rPf;fpa r%fj;ijr; Nrh;e;jth;fNs ngUk;ghYk; ,g;gl;baypy; cs;sdh;. mj;jifNahh; tof;fkhd ,e;jpa EioT ,irTfis <uhz;LfSf;F itj;jpUg;gpd;> mth;fSf;F may;ehl;L FbAhpik ml;ilfSk; toq;fg;gLk;.

gpuk;kfyhNrhj;rt jpUtpoh:

fh;ehlfhtpd; fd;dl khtl;lj;jpy;> Guhjd re;jFU = Jh;fh guNkRthp Nfhtpypy;> Mz;LNjhWk; MW ehs; gpuk;kfyhNrhj;rt jpUtpoh nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ. Rkhh; 1>700 Mz;Lfhy tuyhWnfhz;l ,e;jf; Nfhtpypd; Kjd;ik nja;tk; = uh[ uhN[];thp MFk;. fh;ehlfhtpNyNa kpfg;nghpa kz; rpiyfis (9 mb cauKs;s) nfhz;Ls;sNj ,e;jf; Nfhtpypd; rpwg;gk;rk; MFk;.

mz;ika nra;jpfspy; ,f;Nfhtpy; ,lk;ngw;wJ. rpy jho;j;jg;gl;l tFg;gpdUf;Fk;> gpw gpw;gLj;jg;gl;l tFg;gpdUf;Fk; jdpj;jdpahd ,Uf;if trjpia mikj;jpUe;j fhuzj;jhy; ngy;yhq;fb tl;lj;ijr;Nrh;e;j kf;fs;> E}w;whz;Lfs; goik tha;e;j ,f;Nfhtpypd; jpUtpohit Gwf;fzpj;jdh;.

‘mLj;j thhprpd; Mz;L -Year of Next of Kin’:

2019Mk; Mz;il “mLj;j thhpR - Next of kin” Mz;lhf epidT$w ,e;jpa ,uhZtk; KbTnra;Js;sJ. NkYk; Nghhpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fs;> Kd;dhs; ,uhZt tPuh;fs; kw;Wk; ,e;ehs; ,uhZt tPuh;fspd; thhpRfsplj;jpy; gzg;gad;fs;> eyd;Ghp jpl;lq;fs; kw;wk; Xa;t+jpa rk;ge;jg;gl;l rpf;fy;fis jPh;g;gjw;fhd cjtp Fwpj;j tptuq;fis nfhz;Lnry;yTk; ,e;jpa ,uhZtk; jpl;lkpl;Ls;sJ.

fhyQ;nrd;w giltPuh;fspd; thhpRfs;> mth;fSf;F toq;fg;gLk; gzg;gad;fs; Fwpj;J VJk; mwpahky; ,Ug;gjhy;> ,e;jg; gpur;rid Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWfpwJ. jtwhd kw;Wk; KOikaw;w Mtzkhf;fyhdJ ngUk;ghyhd thhpRfspd; xU nghJthd rpf;fyhd cs;sJ. mJ mth;fspd; epiyia Nkhrkhf;FfpwJ. ,e;jpa ,uhZtk;> ,r;rthy;fis mjd; mzptFg;Gfs; kw;Wk; gilj;Jiw ikaq;fs; %yk; ifahs jpl;lkpl;Ls;sJ.

kj;jpa ghJfhg;G mikr;rfk;> Neghs J}jufk; (Neghsj;jpypUe;J gy tPuh;fs; epakdk; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sjhy;) giltPuh; thhpaq;fs;> tq;fpfs; kw;Wk; Kd;dhs; ,uhZtj;jpdh; gq;fspg;Gr; Rfhjhuj; jpl;lk; (ECHS) Nghd;w eyd;Ghp epWtdq;fspd; <Lghl;ilAk; ,J NfhUfpwJ. ,e;jpa


,uhZt giltPuh;fspd; gzp ,af;Fefk; ,jd; ika Kfthz;ikahf ,Uf;Fk;. Kd;djhf> 2018Mk; Mz;il „gzpapd;NghJ CdKw;NwhUf;fhd Mz;L vd ,e;jpa ,uhZtk; filg;gpbj;jJ.

nfhq;fd; ,uapy;Nt fhh;g;gNurd; ypkpnlbd; jiyikafk;:

1600 Fjpiuj;jpwd;nfhz;l ,U ,uapy;fis toq;Ftjw;fhf nfhq;fd; ,uapy;Nt fhh;g;gNurd; ypkpnllhdJ (KRCL) Neghs ,uapy;Nt JiwAldhd Xu; xg;ge;jj;jpy; ifnaOj;jpl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j ,uapy;fs; ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s n[ah efh; kw;Wk; Neghspy; cs;s Fh;jhtpw;F ,ilNa Nrit nra;a gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. ,e;j uapy;fs; nrd;idapy; cs;s xUq;fpize;j ,uapy; ngl;bj; njhopw;rhiyapy; jahhpf;fg;glTs;sd.

,e;jpah – Neghsk; Nkk;ghl;Lj; gq;fhz;ik jpl;lj;jpd; fPohd ,e;jpa murpd; khdpa cjtpAld;>IRCONMy; n[ah efh; Kjy; Fh;jh tiuapyhd 34 fpNyh kPl;lh; ePs ,uapy;Nt ghij fl;lg;gl;lJ. KRCLvd;gJ> etp Kk;igapYs;s CBDngyg+iu jiyikaplkhff; nfhz;l xU kj;jpa muR epWtdkhFk;> ,J nfhq;fd; ,uapy; ghijia ,af;FfpwJ.

nfhR Neha; ghJfhg;Gf; fhg;gPL (Mosquito Disease Protection Policy):

HDFC ERGOnghJf;fhg;gPl;L epWtdkhdJ nfhR Neha; ghJfhg;Gf; fhg;gPl;il rkPgj;jpy; mwpKfg;gLj;jpaJ. ,e;jg; Gjpa fhg;gPL> nlq;Ff; fha;r;ry;> kNyhpah> rpf;Fd;Fdpah> [g;ghdpa %isf; fha;r;ry;. fUq;fha;r;ry;> epzePh; thjf; fha;r;ry;> rpfh itu]; Nghd;w nghJthd Neha;fSf;F vjpuhf jdpegiu ghJfhf;Fk;. Njrpa cly;eyk; tptuf;Fwpg;G ntspapl;Ls;s mwpf;ifapd;gb> ,e;jpahtpy; nlq;F Neha;j; jhf;Fjy; mjpfhpj;Js;sJ> 2009-2017f;F ,ilg;gl;l fhyj;jpy; ,J 300% mjpfhpj;Js;sJ.

,e;j tif Neha;fs;> kUj;Jtr; nryit mjpfhpg;gNjhL cly;eyf; fhg;gPLfspypUe;J ve;jtpjkhd njhifiaAk; ngw;Wj;jUtJk; fpilahJ. ,ij kdjpy;nfhz;L>HDFC ERGO ,e;jg; Gjpa fhg;gPl;il mwpKfg;gLj;jpAs;sJ. ,J ve;jtpjkhd nfhR NehahYk; ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fSf;F> rpfpr;irapd;NghJ Vw;gLk; kUj;Jtr; nryTfis toq;FfpwJ.

khwhf> kUj;Jtr;nrytpw;fhf rhd;iw toq;fpdhy;> ,f;fhg;gPL KOnjhifAk; toq;Fk;. $Ljyhf> fhg;gPLjhuh; Neha; fhuzkhf ,we;jhy; ,e;jf; fhg;gPlhdJ fhg;gPl;bd; KOg; gaidAk; toq;Fk;. 91 ehs; jhz;ba Foe;ij Kjy; 65 taJ tiu cila midtUf;Fk; ,e;jf; fhg;gPL nghUe;Jk;.

,e;jpahtpd; ve;j a+dpad; gpuNjrj;jpy;> njNurh jPT:

Nk 9 md;W> me;jkhd; &epf;Nfhghpy; cs;s njNurh jPtpy; ,e;jpa MAjg; gilfs; „Gy; ];l;iuf;‟ vd;Dk; gapw;rpia elj;jpd. ,uhZtg; gilfspd; $l;baq;Fj; jd;ikia fhl;rpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhfNt ,g;gapw;rp elj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,uhZtk> flw;gil kw;Wk; tpkhdg;gil Mfpatw;iwr; Nrh;e;j 170 gilg;gphpTfs; ,jpy; gq;Nfw;wd. ,jpy; ,e;jpa ,uhZtj;jpd; 149 tPuh;fs;> ,e;jpa tpkhdg;giliar; Nrh;e;j 12 tPuh;fs; kw;Wk; 9 ,e;jpa flw;gil tPuh;fs; gq;Nfw;wdh;. ,th;fs; gy;NtW tpjkhd Nghh; gapw;rpfspy; gq;Nfw;wdh;.

SPARROWjpl;lk;:

kj;jpa kiwKf thp kw;Wk; Rq;f thhpaj;jpd; F&g; Bkw;Wk; F&g; C mjpfhhpfSf;fhd tUlhe;jpu nray;jpwd; kjpg;gPL mwpf;iffis SPARROW,y; (Smart Performance Appraisal Report Recording Online

Window) epfo;Neuj;jpy; gjpT nra;tjw;fhf SPARROW jpl;lj;ij kj;jpa epjp mikr;rfk; njhlq;fpAs;sJ.


,J APAReph;thfj;jpd; ngUk; vz;zpf;ifapyhd F&g; Bkw;Wk; F&g; Cmjpfhhpfs; / CBIC

Copah;fspy; KOikahd khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;JfpwJ. ,J> rpwe;j kdpjts Nkyhz;ikf;F toptFf;Fk;. ,J kj;jpa ruf;Ffs; kw;Wk; Nritfs; thhpak; kw;Wk; CBIC,d; Rq;fg; gzpfspy; gzpahw;Wk; ngUk; gzpahsh;fspd; nkhj;jj; jpwikiaAk; kdTWjpiaAk; Nkk;gLj;JfpwJ. kpd;dZ kw;Wk; jhsw;w gzp Nehf;fpa gazj;jpy; ,e;jj; jpl;lk; xU Kf;fpa iky;fy;yhFk;.

Foe;ijfs; chpik ml;ltizapy; ,e;jpahtpd; juepiy:

rpwhh;fspd; chpikfis Nkk;gLj;Jtwjw;F ehLfs; vt;tsT <LghLlDk;> jFjpAlDk; cs;sd vd;gjd; mbg;gilapy;> mtw;iw juthpirg;gLj;Jk; elg;ghz;L Foe;ijfs; chpik (Kids

Right)ml;ltizapy; 181 ehLfspy; ,e;jpah 117MtJ ,lj;ijg; ngw;Ws;sJ.

I];yhe;J xl;Lnkhj;jkhf 0.967 Gs;spfs; ngw;W Kjyplj;ijg; gpbj;Js;sJ. njhlh;e;J Nghh;r;Rfy;> Rtpr;rh;yhe;J Kjyhd ehLfs; cs;sd. Mz;LNjhWk; ntspaplg;gLk; ,e;jr; rh;tNjr ml;ltizahdJ> nejh;yhe;jpd; Nuhl;lh;kpy; cs;s vuh];k]; gy;fiyAld; ,ize;j fpl;]; iul; mwf;fl;lisapd; Kaw;rpahFk;.

UNICEF, I.eh tsh;r;rpj;jpl;lk; &Foe;ijfs; chpikf;fhd I.eh. FO MfpadtplkpUe;J Nrfhpf;fg;gl;l jfty;fspd; mbg;gilapy; Mz;LNjhWk; ,t;twpf;iffs; ntspaplg;gLfpd;wd. tho;Thpik> eyThpik> fy;tp chpik> ghJfhg;G chpik kw;Wk; Foe;ijfs; chpikfSf;fhd R+oiy cUthf;Fjy; cs;spl;l Ie;J gphpTfis ,e;j ml;ltiz nfhz;Ls;sJ.

rl;lg;g+u;tf; fy;tp:

“etPdr; rl;lg;g+u;tf; fy;tpapd; je;ij” vd;W miof;fg;gLk; gj;k= tpUJ ngw;w lhf;lu; N.R. khjt Nkdd; jpUtde;jGuj;jpy; fhykhdhu;. ,tUila taJ 84 MFk;.

,tu; rl;lf; fy;tpapd; Kd;Ndhbahfj; jpfo;e;jhu;. NkYk; ,tu; gpd;tUtdtw;iw cUthf;fpdhu;. ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s Njrpa rl;lg; gs;spfs; 5 Mz;L gbg;ghd xUq;fpize;j LLB (,sepiy rl;lg;gbg;G)

,tu; 1987-Mk; Mz;by; cUthf;fg;gl;l ,e;jpahtpd; KjyhtJ rl;lg; gs;spahd ngq;fS]Utpy;

cs;s Njrpa ,e;jpa gy;fiyf;fof rl;lg; gs;spapd; epWtdu; kw;Wk; ,af;Feu; Mthu;.

tpfy;g; jpl;lk;:

,e;jpa ,uapy;Nt czT toq;fy; kw;Wk; Rw;Wyhf; fofkhdJ (Indian Railway Catering and Tourism

Corporation – IRCTC), “fhj;jpUg;Gg; gl;baypy;” cs;s gazpfSf;fhf “tpfy;g;” vd;w xU Gjpa jpl;lj;ij mwpKfg;gLj;jpAs;sJ.

xJf;fPL Kiwapy; gjpT nra;jy; kw;Wk; rYif Kiwapy; gjpT nra;jy; vd;w ghFghL ,y;yhky; fhj;jpUg;Gg; gl;baypy; cs;s midj;Jg; gazpfSf;Fk; ,J nghUe;Jk;.

“tpfy;g;” jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; fhj;jpUg;Gg; gl;baypy; cs;s gazpfs; mjpfgl;rkhf 7 khw;W ,uapy;fisj; Nju;e;njLf;f KbAk;.

gjpT nra;ag;gl;l ,uapy; Gwg;gl;l 30 epkplq;fs; Kjy; 72 kzp Neuq;fs; tiuapy; khw;W ,uapy;fisj; Nju;e;njLf;f KbAk;.

,uapy; kw;Wk; fhypahfTs;s gLf;if trjp Mfpatw;iwg; nghWj;J fhj;jpUg;Gg; gl;baypy; cs;s gazpfs; cWjp nra;ag;gl;l gazr; rPl;ilg; ngw KbAk;.


rhe;Jr; rpw;gq;fs;:

njYq;fhdhtpd; ghdpfphpapy; xU mhpjhd KO msTila Gj;j kj rhe;Jr; rpw;gq;fis njhy;ypayhsh;fs; fz;Lgpbj;Js;sdh;.

,J 1.73kPl;lh; cauKilajhfTk; 35 nr.kP mfyj;ijAk; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.

,e;jr; rpw;gkhdJ [hjfh rf;uhitr; Nrh;e;j xU Nghjpr; rj;Jtiaf; Fwpf;fpdwJ.

,Jehs; tiu ,e;jpahtpy; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l kpfg;nghpa Gj;j rhe;Jr; rpw;gfspy; ,JTk; xd;whFk;.

,ju fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l njhy;nghUl;fs; gpd;tUkhW: kfh];J}gk; ,J Gj;jj; Jiwtpfspd; jdpg;gl;l

tptuq;fisf; nfhz;l xU ghpNgh[pf; ];J}gkhFk;

Nthl;bf; ];J}gk; Gj;jj; Jwtpfspd; cly;fisf; nfhz;l miuf;Nfhs mikg;ghFk;.

mg;rpjy; irj;a fpufq;fs; topghl;Lf; $lk; rd;dy; kz;lgq;fs; fp.K. 1 Mk; E}w;whz;by; Ml;rp nra;j

rhjthfdh; fhyfl;lj;ijr; Nrh;e;jJ.

rhh;kpdhh; - Nrjk;:

rhh;kpdhuhdJ KfkJ $yp \h vd;gtuhy; 1591 Mk; Mz;by; fl;lg;gl;lJ.

,th; i`juhghj;jpyd; mbj;jskhf ,ij fl;bdhh;.

,th;FJg; rh`p tk;rj;jpd; 4-tJ murh; Mthh;.

GJr;Nrhp - jpy;;yp:

nkl;uh]; cah; ePjpkd;wkhdJ Ml;rpahsh; / Jiz epiy MSeuhfr; nray;gLgth; GJr;Nrhp murhq;fj;jpd; eltbf;ifapy; jd;dpr;irahfNth kiwKfkhfNth jiyapl mjpfhuk; ,y;iy vd;W $wpAs;sJ.

,e;jpa murpayikg;gpd; ruj;J 239AA MdJ jpy;yp rl;lkd;wj;jpd; kPJ gy;NtW fl;Lg;ghLfis tpjpf;fpd;wJ.

vdNt rl;l xOq;F kw;Wk; epyk; Mfpatw;wpd; kPJ Njh;jy; %yk; Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;l jpy;yp rl;lkd;wj;jpw;F ve;j mjpfhuKk; ,y;iy.

Mdhy; ruj;J 239A MdJ GJr;Nrhp rl;lkd;wj;jpd; kPJ ve;jnthU ntspg;gilahd fl;Lghl;ilAk; tpjpf;ftpy;iy.

Mdhy; ,e;jr; rl;lkhdJ xd;wpag; gpuNjrj;jpd; Ml;rpahsUf;fhd ve;jnthU rpwg;G mjpfhuq;fs; Fwpj;Jk; Fwpg;gpltpy;iy.

mjpf vilAs;s gs;sp Gj;jfg; igfs;:

fh;ehlf khepy muR mjpf vilAs;s Gj;jfg; igfis vLj;Jr; nry;tjdhy; Vw;gLk; Rfhjhur; rPh;NfLfspypUe;J gs;spf; Foe;ijfisg; ghJfhg;gjw;fhf tpjp Kiwfis mwpKfg;gLj;jpAs;sJ.

Foe;ijapd; vilapy; 10 rjtpfpjj;jpw;Fk; NkNy gs;spg; Gj;jfg; igfspd; vil ,y;yhky; ,Ug;gij cWjp nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;W gs;spfSf;F mwpTWj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

xd;whk; kw;Wk; ,uz;lhk; tFg;igr; Nrh;e;j Foe;ijfspd; Gj;jfg; igfspd; vil Vwj;jho 1.5 fpNyh fpuhkpypUe;J 2 fpNyh fpuhkpw;Fs;shf kl;LNk ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.


%d;whk; ehd;fhk; kw;Wk; Ie;jhk; tFg;igr; Nrh;e;j Foe;ijfspd; gs;sp Gj;jfg; igfspd; vilahdJ 2fp.fpypUe;J 3fp.fp tiu kl;LNk ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

gs;spfs; xt;nthU khjj;jpy; 3tJ rdpf;fpoikia „Gj;jfg; igfsw;w jpdkhf‟ fl;lhak; filgpbf;f Ntz;Lk;.

,iwg;G ePh;g; ghrdk;:

ghuj; kpFkpd; epWtdkhdJ njYq;fhdhtpd; fhNy];tuk; ,iwg;G ePh;g;ghrdj; jpl;lj;ij ntw;wpfukhf nray;gLj;jpAs;sJ.

,iwg;G ePh;g; ghrdj;jpy; ePh; ,aw;ifahd Xl;lj;jpy; my;yhky; Foha;fs; my;yJ J}f;Ff; Foha;fs; %yk; ,iwf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

=glh vy;yk;gs;sp ePh;j;Njf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J 89 fpa+nkf;]; (xU tpdhbf;F 89 fd kPl;lh;fs;) ePuhdJ 106 kPl;lh; mstpw;F mstpw;F cah;j;jg;gl;L Nklhuhk; ePh;j; Njf;fj;jpw;F nfhz;L nry;yg;gltpUf;fpd;wJ.

Ropa epYit ePjpkd;wq;fs;:

Ropa epYit ePjpkd;wq;fs; vd;gJ jpy;ypapy; cs;s fPoik ePjpkd;wq;fspy; njhlq;fg;gl;Ls;s xU Nrhjidj; jpl;lkhFk;.

,e;jj; jpl;lkhdJ tof;FfSf;fhd cfe;j fhy msTfisf; nfhz;L tUtjw;F ;tof;Ffspd; fhy msTfs;‟ Fwpj;J Ma;T elj;JtJ Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

Kf;fpaf; Fwpg;Gfs;:

,e;jpahtpy; ePjpj;Jiw rhh; epYitfs; nkhj;j cw;ehl;L cw;gj;jpapy; 1.5 rjtpfpj ,og;ig Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wd.

nly;ypapy; xU Mz;by; epYitapy; cs;s midj;J tof;FfisAk; jPh;g;gjw;F 43 $Ljy; ePjpgjpfs; Njitg;gLfpd;wdh;. ,q;F jw;nghOJ 143 ePjpgjpfs; cs;sdh;.

rhh;jhk; gazk;:

cyfpd; Gfo;ngw;w rhh;jhk; gazk; cj;jufhz;by; njhlq;fpaJ.

,e;Jg; Gdpjg; gazpfs; ,e;jg; gazj;ij Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wdh;.

cj;jufhz;bd; kpfg;ngUk; ,ka kiyapy; cs;s 4 Gdpj ,lq;fs; Nrh;e;J rhh;jhk; vd;W miof;fg;gLfpd;wd.

mitahtd:

,lk; flTs; aKNdhj;hp aKidf; flTs; fq;Nfhj;hp fq;iff; flTs; Nfjhh;ehj; rpth gj;hpehj; tp\;Z


r%f ePjp:

,e;jpa cr;r ePjpkd;wk; gl;bayplg;gl;l tFg;gpdh; kw;Wk; gl;bayplg;gl;l goq;Fbapdj;ijr; (SC/ST) Nrh;e;j gzpahsh;fSf;F %g;G kw;Wk; gjtp cah;tpy; ,l xJf;fPL mspf;f toptif nra;Ak; fh;ehlf murpd; 2018 Mk; Mz;Lr; rl;lj;ij cWjp nra;jJ.

murpayikg;G mkh;thdJ ,lxJf;fPL mspf;Fk;NghJ gpd;tUk; tpjpfisf; filgpbf;fp Ntz;Lk; vd;W $wpAs;sJ. eph;thfj;jpd; ghjpf;fg;glf; $llhJ jFjp mbg;gilapy; my;yhky; kw;wtw;wpd; mbg;gilapy; epakpf;fhjpUj;jy;

Fwpg;gpl;l mstplj;jf;f jfty;fSld; SC/ST gzpahsh;fspd; gpd;jq;fpa epiy kw;Wk; gpuepjpj;Jtg; gw;whf;Fiw vd;w xd;iw cUthf;fpa ,e;jpahtpd; KjyhtJ khepykhf fh;elfh cUntLJs;sJ.

,J 2017Mk; Mz;by; jiyikr; nrayhshpd; fPo; xU FOit mikj;jJ. ,f;FO gzpapy; cs;s SC/ST gzpahsh;fspd; juTfisr; Nrfhpj;J mjidg; gFg;gha;T nra;jJ.

fle;j 32 Mz;Lfspy; fh;ehlf khepy Fbikg; gzpfspy; 10.65 rjtpfpjk; SC gphptpdUk; 2.92 rjtpfpjk; STgphptpdUk; gzpapy; Nrh;e;Js;sdh;.

jdpj;Jt kfsph; FOf;fs;:

„Rak;rpj;jh‟ vd;w xU rpwg;Gj; jpl;lj;ij xbrh khepyk; njhlq;fpAs;sJ.

,j;jpl;lj;jpd;fPo;> xbrhtpd; fQ;[k; khtl;l eph;thfkhdJ Nghplh; Nkyhz;ikapy; kfsph; Ra cjtpf; FOf;fSf;Fg; gapw;rpaspf;ftpUf;fpd;wJ.

,e;jg; ngz;fs; ,aw;ifg; Nghplhpd; NghJ> Fwpg;ghfg; Gaypd; NghJ kf;fis ntspNaw;Wjy;> kPl;G> kWrPuikg;G kw;wk; kWtho;T Mfpait Fwpj;J gapw;rpaspf;fg;gl tpUf;fpdwdh;.

„Rak;rpj;jh‟tpd; fl;Lg;ghL miwahdJ khtl;lj; jiyefuhd rj;uhg+hpy; nray;gltpUf;fpd;wJ.

,jw;FKd; Nfus muR 2018 Mk; Mz;by; Vw;gl;l nts;sj;jpd;NghJ kWrPuikg;G kw;Wk; kWtho;T gzpfSf;fhf kfsph; cjtpf; FOf;fis ntw;wpfukhfg; gad;gLj;jpaJ.

rpypf;fh Vhp:

kpff; fLikahd /ghdp GayhdJ rpypf;fh Vhpapy; Gjpa 4 Kfj;Jthuq;fis cUthf;fpAs;sJ.

,jw;Kd; ,e;j Vhpapy; tq;fhs tphpFlhNthL ,izAk; tifapy; nray;ghl;bypUe;J 2 Kfj;Jhuq;fs; kl;LNk ,Ue;jd.

ejp Kfj;Jthuk; vd;gJ ejpahdJ flypy; fyf;Fk; ,lj;ijf; Fwpg;gjhFk;.

Mrpahtpd; kpfg;nghpa cth; ePh; Vhp rpypf;fhthFk;.

rpypf;fh cg;gq;fopahdJ ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s kpfg;nghpa flNyhu cg;gq;fopahFk;.

M];jpNuypahtpy; cs;s jp epa+ fhypNlhdpad; gtsg; ghiwgLf;fhdJ cyfpy; cs;s kpfnghpa cg;gq;fopahFk;.

jhtu cz;zpfs; - fzf;nfLg;G:

F[uhj; khepy tdj;JiwahdJ fph; tdg; gFjp kw;Wk; ,ju ghJf;fg;gl;l gFjpfspy; jhtu cz;zpfs; kPjhd fzf;nfLg;ig elj;Jfpd;wJ.

,e;j fzf;nfLg;G Fsk;G tif kpUfq;fshd Gs;sp khd;>ePy khd;> flkhd;> ,e;jpa Fuq;ffs;> kapy; ,e;jpa khd;> ehw;nfhk;G khd; kw;Wk; fhl;Lg; gd;wp Mfpa caphpdq;fis fzf;nfLf;fpd;wJ.


Mrpar; rpq;fq;fspd; Kf;fpa czthf tdg; ghY}l;bfs; kw;Wk; Fuq;ffs; tpsq;ffpd;wd.

,e;j Fsk;G tif kpUfq;fspd; fzf;nfLg;ghdJ rpWj;ij fOijg; Gyp> rpq;fk; Nghd;w tpyq;Fz;zpfSf;fhd czT Fwpj;j jfty;fis jUfpd;wJ.

Njh;jy; - td;Kiw:

,jw;F Kd; eilngwhj xU epfo;thf Nkw;F tq;fj;jpd; 9 njhFjpfSf;fhd 7tJ kw;Wk; filrpf; fl;lj; Njh;jYf;fhdg; gpur;rhuj;ij ,e;jpaj; Njh;jy; Mizak; ,uj;J nra;Js;sJ. ,J 16.05.2019 md;W ,uT 10 kzpapypUe;J eilKiwf;F tutpUf;fpd;wJ.

Njh;jYf;F Kd;ghd 48 kzp Neu mikjpf; fhykhdJ 17.05.2019 md;W jhd; njhlq;ftpUf;fpwJ.

,e;jpaj; Njh;jy; Mizak; murpayikg;gpd; ruj;J 324-d; fPo; ,e;j eltbf;ifia vLj;Js;sJ.

,e;j ruj;jhdJ „Njh;jiy Nkw;ghh;itapLjy; topfhl;Ljy; kw;Wk; Njh;jiy elj;Jjy;‟ Mfpatw;wpw;fhf ,e;jpaj; Njh;jy; Mizaj;jpw;f mjpfhuj;jpid toq;Ffpd;wJ.

,e;jpaj; Njh;jy; MizakhdJ ,JNghd;w eltbf;iffshy; murpay; fl;rpfspilNa Vw;gLk; Njh;jy; Fwpj;j td;Kiwfisj; jLg;gij Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

NkYk; ,J Fwpj;j nra;jpfSf;F ,q;Nf nfhLf;fTk;. (https://www.thevupettapgam.com/article.324/

ntq;fhak;> g+z;L> Kl;il Mfpait ,y;yhj czT:

fh;ehlf muR gs;spf; Foe;ijfSf;F Cl;lr;rj;J kpf;f kjpa cztpid mspg;gjw;fhf ml;ra ghj;jpuk; vd;w mwf;fl;lisAld; xg;ge;jk; nra;Js;sJ.

,e;j mwf;fl;lisahdJ ,e;J kjj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; cztpy; Kl;il ntq;fhak; kw;Wk; g+z;L Mfpatw;iwj; jtph;j;Js;sJ.

Njrpa Cl;lr;rj;J epWtdkhdJ (NIN- National Institute of Nutrition) ,e;j mwf;fl;lisf;F Mjuthf murhq;fj;jplk; mwpf;if xd;iw rkh;g;gpj;Js;sJ.

,e;j mwpf;ifia vjph;j;Jk; Foe;ijfSf;F toq;fg;gLk; Cl;lr;rj;J cztpd; Fiwthd juk; Fwpj;Jk; Mh;tyh;fs; FunyOg;Gfpd;wdh;.

NIN:

NIN MdJ rh; uhgh;l; nkf;fhprd; vd;gtuhy; 1918 Mk; Mz;L Fd;D}hpa cs;s gh];lh; epWtdj;jpy; njhlq;fg;gl;lJ.

NIN MdJ Cl;lr;rj;J Muha;r;rpad; gy;NtW mk;rq;fs; Fwpj;J Ma;T Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhf mq;fPfhpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,J Fwpg;ghf Guj rf;jp Cl;lr;rj;J Fiwghl;bd; kPJ jdpf; ftdj;ijr; nrYj;Jfpd;wJ.

,J 1958 Mk; Mz;by; i`juhghj;jpw;F,lk; khw;wg;gl;lJ.

mUzhr;ryg; gpuNjrk; - gf;Nf:

ik#iur; Nrh;e;j Muha;r;rpahsh;fs; mUzhr;ryg; gpuNjrj;jpd; gf;Nf Gypfs; fhg;gfj;jpy; cs;s ,Uthr;rpg; gwitfs; (Hombill) Fwpj;J xU Ma;it Nkw;nfhz;ldh;.

,th;fs; ,Uthr;rpg; gwitfs; Fwpj;J gpd;tUtdw;iwf; fz;Lgpbj;jdh;. mjpf mstpy; tpijfisg; gug;Gjy; goq;fis cz;Zk; kpfg; nghpa cUtk; nfhz;l gwitfs; (Frugivores)

tpijfisg; gug;Gtjw;fhfTk; jdJ gFjpapid tphpTgLj;Jjw;fhfTk; jhtuq;fs; ,e;jg; goq;fis cz;Zk; gwitfisr; rhh;e;Js;sd.

https://www.thevupettapgam.com/article.324/


goq;fis cz;Zk; gwitfspd; tPo;r;rpahdJ Fiwfpd;w Rw;Wk; #oiy kpff; fLikahf ghjpf;Fk;.

m];]hk; gpur;rpid:

may;ehl;lth; jPh;g;ghaj;jpd; xU jPh;g;ghd „xU egiu rl;ltpNuhj ntspehl;lth; vd;W mwptpg;gJ midtiuAk; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk ; (binding) vd;W ,e;jpa cr;rePjpkd;wk; mwptpj;Js;sJ.

m];]hkpd; Njrpak; Fbkf;fs; gjpNtl;bypUe;J (National Register of Citizens NRC) xU eghpd; ngaiu ePf;Fk; my;yJ Nrh;f;fk; m];]hk; murpd; Kbit tpl ,J mjpf mjpfhu kpf;fitahf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.

m];]hk; murpd; ,izajsj;jpd; gb Vwj;jho 100 ntspehl;lth; jPh;g;ghaq;fs; nray;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd.

gpd;tUk; 2 rl;lg; gphpTfspd; fPo; ,e;jj; jPh;g;ghaj;jpd; cWg;gpdh;fshf ePjpgjpfs; kw;Wk; tof;FiuQh;fs; epakpf;fg;gLfpd;wdh;. ntspehl;lth;fs; jPh;g;ghar; rl;lk; 1941 ntspehl;lth;fs; jPh;g;gha Miz 1964

NkYk; ,e;jpa cr;r ePjpkd;wk;> gFjp ePjprhh; epWtdkhf tpsq;Fk;; NRC– I tpl ntspehl;lth;fs; jPh;g;ghaj;jpd; jPh;g;Gfs; mjpf mjpfhuk; kpf;fitahf tpsq;Fk; vd;Wk; $wpAs;sJ.

Njrpa Fbkf;fs; gjpNtLfs; vd;gJ m];]hkpy; cs;s ,e;jpaf; Fbkf;fspd; gl;bayhFk;.

tq;f Njrk; kw;Wk; mz;il ehLfspypUe;J ,e;jpahtpw;Fs; Gyk;ngaUk; rl;ltpNuhjf; FbNaw;wq;fisf; fistjw;fhf ,J GJg;gpf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ.

Me;jpuf; fhisfs;:

,e;jpaj; Jizf; FbauRj; jiyth; Me;jpug; gpuNjrj;jpy; eilngw;w xU jdpahh; epfo;r;rpapd; NghJ Xq;Nghy; fhisfspd; xU RUf;fj; njhFg;ig ntspapl;lhh;.

,th; cyfstpy; Gfo;ngw;w Xq;Nfhy; fhisfisg; ghJfhg;gjd; Njit Fwpj;J mwpTWj;jpdhh;.

,it Me;jpug; gpuNjrj;jpd; gpufhrk; khtl;lj;jpy; tsh;f;fg;gLk; cs;Sh; tif fhis ,dkhFk;.

cs;Sh; tif fhis ,dq;fs; gpd;tUk; ,uz;L Neha;fSf;F vjph;g;Gr; rf;jpiaf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. Nfhkhhp Neha; khl;Lg; gpj;j Neha;

n[ypaq;Nuhq; goq;Fbapdh;:

kzpg;g+hpy; cs;s n[ypaq;Nuhq; - goq;Fbapduhy; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l Gjpa jhtuq;fspd; cs;Sh; kUj;Jtg; gad;ghl;il Mtzg;gLj;j Muha;r;rpahsh;fs; Kaw;rpj;J tUfpd;wdh;.

,e;jj; jhtuq;fspd; kUj;Jtg; gz;Gfs; ,jw;F Kd;G mwpag;gltpy;iy.

fpdpa+uh Frpk;gh> `pbNahb]; ];Nfnld;]; Krnad;lh fsguh kw;Wk; rpkh thypr;rp Mfpait ,tw;Ws; rpythFk;.

„iggh; mUzhr;rynyd;rp];‟ Nghd;w rpy mhpjhd kw;Wk; ghjpg;Gf;F cs;shff; $ba ,dq;fs; ghuk;ghpa kUe;Jfis cUthf;Ftjw;fhf mth;fshy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

jNkq;Nyhq; khtl;lj;jpy; thOk; n[ypaq;Nuhq; goq;Fbapdh; kzpg;g+hpy; cs;s 32 goq;Fbapdf; FOf;fspy; xd;whth;.

n[ypaq;Nuhq; vd;W nghJthf mwpag;gLk; %d;W gphpTfs; gpd;tUkhW [PgP


tpahq;kha; Nuhq;Nka;

re;jpuhzp Kh;K:

goq;Fbapd; r%fj;ijr; Nrhe;j re;jpuhzp Kh;K vd;w ngz;kzp kf;fsitj; Njh;jypy; xbrhtpd; fpNahd;[;`hh; njhFjpapy; ntw;wp ngw;W rhjid gilj;Js;shh;.

,th; 25 Mz;Lfs; 11 khjq;fs; kl;LNk epuk;gpa ehlhSkd;wj;jpd; kpf ,isa taJ cWg;gpduhf cUntLj;Js;shh;.

,th; fpNahd;[;`hh; njhFjpapy; ,uz;L Kiw kf;fsit cWg;gpduhf ,Ue;j gpN[gpiar; Nrh;e;j mde;jehaf; vd;gtiu 67>822 vd;w thf;Ffs; tpj;jpahrj;jpy; tPo;j;jpdhh;.

,jw;F Kd;G `hpahdhtpd; `prhh; njhFjpapypUe;Jj; Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;l J\;ae;j; rTjhh; vd;gth; kpf ,isa taJ ehlhSkd;w cWg;gpduhf tpsq;fpdhh;. ,th; jdJ 26-tJ tajpy; ehlhSkd;w cWg;gpduhdhh;.

lGf; lhF:

Njrpa kf;fs; fl;rpapd; lGf; lhF mUzhr;ryg; gpuNjrj;jpy; cs;s fpof;F nrg;gh rl;lkd;wj; njhFjpapy; jdJ Nghl;bahsuhd gpN[gpiar; Nrh;e;j Ntl;ghsiu kpfTk; FWfpa tpj;jpahrkhd 29 thf;Ffspy; Njhw;fbj;Js;shh;.

mth; gpN[gpapd; <yp]; ly;yhq; vd;gtUf;F vjpuhfg; Nghl;bapl;L ntw;wp ngw;Ws;shh;.

jghy; thf;fsplkpUe;Jg; ngw;w ,Wjp vz;zpf;ifahdJ mtuJ ntw;wpf;Fr; rhjfkhf vz;zpf;ifiaj; jpir jpUg;gpaJ.

jghy; thf;FKiw:

Njh;jy;fspy; jghy; thf;F Kiw GJ thf;fhsh;fSf;F kpd;dZ hPjpapy; thf;Fr; rPl;lhdJ nfhLj;J mDg;gg;gl;L jghy; %yk; jpUg;gp mDg;gLk; jghy; thf;Fr; rPl;Lfisf; nfhz;l xU tifahd thf;F KiwahFk;.

jghy; thf;FKiw vd;gJ thf;Fr; rPl;Lfs; vt;thW rkh;g;gpf;fg;gLfpd;wd vd;gij kl;LNk Fwpg;gjd;wp vt;thW thf;Ffs; vz;zg;gLfpd;wd vd;w Kiwiaf; Fwpg;gjy;y.

,e;jpaj; Njh;jy; Mizaj;jpd;gb jghy; thf;F trjp muR Nritj; Jiwapy; cs;s thf;fhUf;F fpilf;Fk; trjpahFk; mjhtJ xU thf;fhsh; Nritj; Jiwj; jFjpiaf; nfhz;bUg;gjhFk;.

Me;jpug; gpuNjr Kjyikr;rh;:

2019 Mk; Mz;L Nk 30 Mk; Njjpad;W tp[athlhtpy; Me;jpug; gpuNjr khepyj;jpd; Kjy;tuhf xa;v];Mh; fhq;fpu]; fl;rpapd; jiyth; n[fd; Nkhfd; nul;b gjtpNaw;f tpUf;fpd;whh;.

Me;jpug; gpuNjr rl;l rigapy; nkhj;jKs;s 175 ,lq;fspy; n[fd; Nkhfd; nul;bia fl;rp 151 ,lq;fisr; ifg;gw;wpAs;sJ. Me;jpug; gpuNjrj;jpd; nkhj;jKs;s 25 kf;fsit ,lq;fspy; 22 ,lq;fspy; ,f;fl;rp ntw;wp ngw;Ws;sJ.

,th; jw;nghOJ Kjyikr;ruhf ,Uf;Fk; njYq;F Njrf; fl;rpiar; Nrh;e;j re;jpughG ehALit tPo;j;jpdhh;.

,th; gpujkh; Nkhbia re;jpj;J Me;jpug; gpuNjrj;jpd; rpwg;G khepy me;j];jpw;fhd Nfhhpf;ifiag; gpujkhplk; Kd;itj;jhh;.


rpwg;G khepy me;j];J (SCs – Special Category Status):

SCs vd;w fUj;JUthdJ 5-tJ epjp Mizaj;jpdhy; Kjd;Kjyhf 1969 Mk; Mz;by; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

,J rpy gpd;jq;fpa khepyq;fSf;F kj;jpa epjpAjtp kw;Wk; thpr; rYiffs; vd;w Kiwapy; Kd;Dhpik mspj;jpl top tFf;fpd;wJ.

Kjd;Kjypy; m];]hk;> ehfyhe;J kw;Wk; [k;K fh\;kPh; Mfpa khepyq;fSf;F SCs me;j];J toq;fg;gl;ld.

,jd; gpd;dh; mUzhr;ryg; gpuNjrk;> ,khr;ryg; gpuNjrk;> kzpg;g+h; Nkfhyah> kpNrhuk; rpf;fk;> jphpGuh kw;Wk; cj;jufhz;l; Mfpa khepyq;fSf;Fk; SCs me;j];J toq;fg;gl;lJ.

Mdhy; 14-tJ epjp Mizak; tlfpof;F khepyq;fs; kw;wk; %d;W kiy khepyq;fs; ([k;K fh\;kPh;> ,kr;ryg; gpuNjrk; cj;jufhz;l; Mfpatw;iwj; jtph;j;J kw;w khepyq;fSf;fhd „rpwg;G khepy me;j];ij ePf;fpAs;sJ.

Mjw;Fg; gjpyhf ,e;j Mizak; kj;jpa murpypUe;J khepyq;fSf;F toq;fg;gLk; thpg; gfph;it 32 rjtpfpj;jpypUe;J 42 rjtpfpjkhf mjpfhpf;FkhWg; ghpe;Jiuj;Js;sJ.

rpf;fpk; Kjyikr;rh;:

rpf;fpk; fue;jpfhhp Nkhh;r;rh fl;r;rpapd; jiytuhd gpNuk; rpq; NfhNy rpf;fpk; khepyj;jpd; Gjpa Kjyikr;ruhfg; nghWg;Ngw;whh;.

,th; 5 Kiw Kjyikr;ruhf ,Ue;j gtd; Fkhhh; rhkypq; vd;gtiuj; Njhw;fbj;jhh;.

rpf;fpk; Nrh`ghy; tk;rj;jpd; fPo; 1642 Mk; Mz;by; xU murhf cUthdJ.

,J 1890 Mk; Mz;by; Mq;fpNya Ml;rpapd; fPo; te;jJ. ,J Mq;fpNyah;fshy; ghJfhf;fg;gLk; khepykhf cUntLj;jJ.

Xbrh Kjyikr;rh;:

2019 Mk; Mz;L Nk 29 md;W gp[P [djh js fl;rpapd; jiytuhd etPd gl;ehaf; xbrh khepyj;jpd; Kjyikr;ruhf [e;jhf Kiwahfg; nghWg;Ngw;ftpUf;fpd;whh;.

,th; gjtpNaw;ftpUf;fk; ehspy;> mk;khepyj;jpd; fhypah vd;w jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; cs;s 6 Kjy; 7 ,yl;rk; tptrhapfs; Neubg; gad; khw;wj;jpd; %yk; &5000 epjpAjtpiag; ngwtpUf;fpdwdh;.

,th; 2019 Mk; Mz;by; mk;khepyj;jpy; eilngw;w 23 ehlhSkd;wj; njhFjpfSf;fhdj; Njh;jypy; 12-y; ntw;wpAk; 146 rl;lkd;w ,lq;fSf;fhd Njh;jypy; 112-y; ntw;wpAk; ngw;Ws;shh;.

mNuhkh jpl;lk; - Nkfhyah:

kUj;Jt kw;Wk; eWkzj; jhtuq;fspd; tpisr;riy Cf;Ftpg;gjw;fhf „ mNuhkh jpl;lk;‟ vd;w xU Gjpa jpl;lj;ij Nkfhyah Kjy;th; fhd;uhl; K. rq;kh Jtq;fp itj;jhh;.

kUj;Jtk; kw;Wk; eWkzj; jhtuq;fspd; tpisr;rYf;F $l;lhf ,ize;Jg; gzpahw;Wtjw;fhf kj;jpa kUj;Jt kw;Wk; eWkzj; jhtuq;fs; epWtdk; (Central institute of Medicinal and Aromatic plants –

CIOAM) kw;Wk; Nkfhyah tbepy tsh;r;rp Mziak; (Meghalaya Basin Developmetn Authority) Mfpatw;wpw;fpilNa ghpe;Jzh;T xg;ge;jk; xd;W ifnaOj;jplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

CIPAM epWtdkhdJ mwptpay; kw;Wk; njhopy; Muha;r;rp kd;wj;jpd ; (CSIR) Kd;dpiy jhtu Muha;r;rp Ma;tfkhFk;.


ru;tNjr epfo;Tfs;

One day 4 Children:

ru;tNjr fpupf;nfl; thupakhdJ Adpnrg; cld; $l;bize;J One day 4 ChildrenI vd;w epfo;it mwptpj;Js;J.

,J cyf Nfhg;igj; njhlupy; xt;nthU Foe;ijf;Fkhd rpwe;j cyfj;ij cUthf;f cjTtjw;F fpupf;nfl; cyfj;ij xNu FOthf nfhz;L tUtjw;fhd xU Nghl;bj; njhlu; mstpyhd gpur;rhukhFk;.

,e;j epfo;tpd; midj;J 48 Nghl;bfspYk; One day 4 Children,d; nray;ghLfs; ,Uf;Fk;.

,jd; %yk; ngwg;gLk; gzkhdJ fpupf;nfl; tpisahLk; ehl;by; cs;s Foe;ijfs; mt;tpisahl;ilf; fw;gjw;Fk; MNuhf;fpakhf ,Ug;gjw;Fk; cjTk; Adpnrg;gpd; gzpf;F cWJizahf ,Uf;Fk;.

jha;yhe;J murupd; KbR+l;L tpoh:

“kpfg;ngUk; ntw;wpf;fhd kFlk;” vd;w gl;lj;Jld; jha;yhe;J ehl;bd; Gjpa muruhf kfh t[;[puyhq;Nfhu;d; vd;gtUf;F jha;yhe;J mjpfhug; g+u;tkhf KbR+l;baJ.

,tu; 1972Mk; Mz;by; ,sturuhfTk; murupd; mjpfhug;g+u;t thuprhfTk; Mdhh;.

jw;nghOJ ,tu; “jha;yhe;jpd; gj;jhtJ uhk muru;” vd;W mwptpf;fg;gl;Ls;shu;.

1782Mk; Mz;L Kjy; jha;yhe;jpy; rf;up tk;rk; Ml;rp nra;J tUfpd;wJ.

rf;up tk;rj;jpd; 10-tJ muru; ,tuhthu;.

jha;yhe;J murpayikg;G rhu;e;j Kbauirf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.

,jw;F Kd;G 1950Mk; Mz;L ,e;j murupd; je;ijahd g+kpNghy; mJy;ahNj[; vd;gtUf;F KbR+l;L tpoh filrpahf elj;jg;gl;lJ.

SDG -J}Jth;fs;:

,e;jpa ebif jpah kpu;rh kw;Wk; mypghgh epWtdj;jpd; ,iz epWtduhd [hf;kh MfpNahu; I.eh.tpd; nghJr; nrayhsu; mz;NlhdpNah Fl;Nlurpdhy; I.eh.tpd; rpwg;GkpF ePbj;j tsu;r;rp ,yf;FfSf;fhd (SDG-Sustainable Development Goals) Gjpa J}Jtu;fshf epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;sdu;.

SDGJ}Jtu;fs; tpopg;Gzu;it mjpfupj;jy;> cau;e;j ,yl;rpaj;ij Cf;Ftpj;jy;> cyfshtpa murpay; tpUg;gj;ij cWjpg;gLj;Jjy;>SDG-I miltjw;fhf tpiuthd eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;Sjy; Mfpa gzpfis Nkw;nfhs;Sthu;fs; vd;W vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

gy;NtW ehLfspypUe;J nkhj;jk; 17 J}Jtu;fs; epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;sdu;.

mjpf Cjpak; ngWk; fiyQu;fs;:

`Uz; Muha;r;rp epWtdkhdJ `Uz; ,e;jpaf; fiyg; gl;baypd; KjyhtJ gjpg;ig ntspapl;Ls;sJ.

,J 2018Mk; Mz;L Vg;uy; khjk; Kjy; 2019 Mk; Mz;L khu;r; khjk; tiu fiyQu;fs;> jq;fsJg; gilg;Gfis nghJ Vyj;jpy; tpw;gid nra;jjd; mbg;gilapy; rkfhyj;jpy; thOk; ,e;jpaf; fiyQu;fis ju tupirg;gLj;jpAs;sJ.

If;fpa ,uh[;[paj;ijr; Nru;e;j rpw;gpahd mdp\; fg+h; vd;gtu; gl;baypy; Kjyplj;jpy; cs;shu;. ,tuJ gilg;Gfs; &.168.25 Nfhbf;F tpw;gidahfpd.


,tUf;F mLj;J ,e;jg; gl;baypy; mf;gu; gj;k]p (&.45.84 Nfhb) kw;Wk; fpupN\d; fz;zh (&.9.48 Nfhb) Mfpa fiyQu;fs; cs;sdu;.

fpupN\d; fz;zh vd;gtu; cyfk; KOtJk; cs;s 100 fiyQu;fspdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l “jh\; fP gl;b” vd;w gzpapy; ,tuJ gq;fspg;gpw;fhf rpwg;ghf mwpag;gLfpd;whu;.

Ntha;dpr; ifnaOj;Jg gpujp:

gpup];Nlhy; gy;fiyf; fofj;ijr; Nru;e;j n[uhu;L nrirau; vd;gtu; Ntha;dpr; ifnaOj;Jg; gpujpiag; gbf;Fk; Kiwiaf; fz;lwpe;Js;sjhf mwptpj;Js;shu;.

,J tuyhw;wpd; ,ilf;fhyj;jpd; NghJ kj;jpaj; jiuf; flw;gFjpapy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l Ke;ija Nuhkhdpa nkhop vd;W ,tu; $wpAs;shu;.

,J ];ngapdpd; muNfhd; ,uhzpapd; Nkw;NfhSf;F xU Mjhukhf nlhkpdpfd; fd;dpah];jpupfshy; njhFf;fg;gl;lJ.

Ntha;dpr; vd;gJ 15Mk; E}w;whz;ilr; Nru;e;j mope;J Nghd nkhopapy vOjg;gl;l xU ifnaOj;Jg; gpujpahFk;.

,J ciufs; kw;Wk; tpsf;fg; glq;fSld; nfz;ilf; fhypd; Njhypd; (nty;Yk;) kPJ vOjg;gl;ljhFk;.

,ufrpaf; FwpaPl;ilf; fz;Lgpbg;gtu;fs;> nkhopapayhsu;fs; kw;Wk; fzpdp epuy; vOJgtu;fshy; Vwf;Fiwa xU E}w;whz;Lf; fhy mstpw;F ,jidg; Gupe;J nfhs;s Kbatpy;iy.

Ku;Nu nfy; Nkd;:

1969Mk; Mz;by; Nehgy; gupR ngw;w ,aw;gpay; ty;Yeuhd Ku;Nu nfy; Nkd; vd;gtu; mnkupf;fhtpy; cs;s epa+ nkf;rpNfhtpy; fhykhdhu;. mtUila taJ 89 MFk;.

,tu; mZtfj; Jfs;fspd; RoYk; jd;ik> kpd; jd;ik kw;Wk; ,ju gz;Gfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L mZtfj; Jfs;fis 8 vspikahd FOf;fshf tifg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd xU Kiwiaf; fz;lwpe;jhu;.

mwpnthspiag; ngWtjw;fhd Gj;jupd; vz;topg; ghijfspd; epidthf> ,tu; ,e;j Kiwf;F “vz; topfs;” vd;W ngaupl;lhu;.

,aw;gpay; Kiwapy; gpugQ;rk; Fwpj;j ekJ GupjYf;F xU mbg;gilia cUthf;Fk; „Fthu;f;];‟ vd;w Nfhl;ghl;il cUthf;fpa KjyhtJ mwptpayhsu; ,tuhthu;.

];ig];n[l; - 100 tpkhdq;fs;:

];ig];n[l; epWtdk; Nghapq; 737 uf tpkhdq;fis jdJ epWtdj;jpy; Nru;e;Js;sJ. mt;thW ,izj;jgpd; me;j epWtdj;jpy; cs;s tpkhdq;fspd; vz;zpf;if 100 Mf cau;e;Js;sJ.

Vu; ,e;jpah> n[l; Vu;Nt];> ,z;bNfh Mfpa epWtdq;fSf;F mLj;j ,e;j vz;zpf;ifia vl;Lk; ehd;fhtJ cs;ehl;L tpkhd epWtdk; ];ig];n[l; MFk;.

Vu; ,e;jpah> ,z;bNfh> ];ig];n[l;> Nfh Vu;> Vu; ,e;jpa vf;];gpu];> tp];jhuh> Vu; Mrpah kw;Wk; miyad;]; Mfpait ,e;jpahtpd; vl;L cs;ehl;L tpkhd epWtdq;fshFk;.

‘vtnu];l; rpfu J}a;ik gug;Giu’ ;:

vtnu];l; rpfuj;jpypUe;J ld; fzf;fpyhd Fg;igfis mfw;Wtjw;fhf fle;j Vg;uy; 14 md;W Neghs muR 45 ehs; ePz;l „vtnu];l; rpfu J}a;ik gug;Giu‟ia njhlq;fpaJ. 10>000 fp.fp


Fg;igfis vtnu];l; rpfuj;jpypUe;J Nrfupg;gij Nehf;fkhff;nfhz;l ,g;gug;GiuahdJ nrhYFk;G khtl;lj;jpd Fk;G grq;yK fpuhkg;Gwj;jpd; jiyikapy; eilngw;wJ.

xt;Nthh; Mz;Lk; E}w;Wf;fzf;fpy; vtnu];l;Lf;Fr; nry;Yk; kiyNaw;w tPuh;fs; jq;fsJ Mf;rp[d; FLitfs;> rikay; fopTg;nghUl;fs;> gpah; ghl;by;fs; kw;Wk; gpw fopTfis mq;F tpl;Lr; nry;fpwhh;fs;. ,jd;%yk; „cyfpd; kpfg;nghpa Fg;ig nfhl;Lk; ,lkhf‟ vtnu];l; khwpAs;sJ. ,e;jg; gug;Giu Nk 29 md;W epiwtilAk;.

,e;jehs; 1953Mk; Mz;by;> vtnu];l; rpfuj;jpd; cr;rpia Kjd;Kiwahf mile;j vl;kz;l; `pyhhp &nld;rpq; ehh;Nf MfpNahiu epidt+l;Lk; tpjkhf Mz;LNjhWk; epidT$ug;gLfpwJ. Nrfhpf;fg;gl;l Fg;igfs; gpd;dh; ek;Nr efuj;jpy; fhl;rpf;F itf;fg;gLk;. NkYk; [{d; 5 md;W cyf Rw;Wr;R+oy; jpdj;jpd;NghJ kPz;Lk; ,J fhl;rpg;gLj;jg;gLk;. mjd;gpwF kWRow;rpf;fhf mJ mDg;gg;gLk;.

‘MgNu\d; ];tpg;l; hplhh;l; - Operation Swift Retort’ ;:

gpg;uthp 27 md;W ghy;Nfhl; gFjpapy; cs;s jPtputhj Kfhk;fspy; ,e;jpah elj;jpa tpkhdj; jhf;Fjy;fSf;F ghfp];jhd; nfhLj;j gjpybia „Operation Swift Retort‟vd filgpbf;f ghfp];jhd; tpkhdg;gil KbT nra;Js;sJ. fle;j gpg;uthp 14 md;W> ghfp];jhidr; Nrh;e;j n[a;\;-,-KfkJ vd;w gaq;futhj mikg;gpd; jw;nfhiyg; gilapdh;> Gy;thkh gFjpapy;> ,e;jpa ,uhZt thfdq;fs; kPJ jhf;Fjy; elj;jpdh;. ,jpy; 40 CRPFtPuh;fs; nfhy;yg;gl;ldh;.

,jw;Fg; gjpybahf 13 ehl;fSf;Fg; gpd;dh; gpg;uthp 26 md;W ,e;jpa tpkhdg;gil tPuu;fs;> ghfp];jhdpd; ghy;Nfhl; gFjpapy; n[a;\;-,-KfkJ gaq;futhjpfs; gJq;fpapUe;j $lhuq;fs; kPJ Fz;Lfis tPrpdh;. ,ijj;njhlh;e;J> gpg;uthp 27 md;W ghfp];jhd; tpkhdq;fs; ,e;jpa vy;iyf;Fs; Eioa Kaw;rp nra;jd. mg;NghJ> ,e;jpa tpkhdg; gilapdh; gjpyb je;J ghfp];jhd tpkhdq;fis tpul;bdh;.

mk;Kaw;rpapy; ,e;jpahtpd; „kpf;-21‟ uf tpkhdk;> ghfp];jhd; Mf;fpukpg;G fh\;kPh; gFjpapy; tpOe;jJ. mjd; tpkhdp mgpee;jd; th;j;jkhd;> ghfp];jhd ,uhZtj;jplk; gpbgl;lhh;. gpd;> khh;r; 1 md;W mth; ,e;jpahtplk; xg;gilf;fg;gl;lhh;.

Kd;Dhpikapd; gue;j mikg;G:

Kd;Dhpikapd; gue;j mikg;ghdJ (Generalized System of Preference – GSP)kpfg; nghpaJk;> gioikahd mnkhpf;f th;j;jf Kd;DhpikAk; MFk;. NkYk;> Fwpg;gplg;gl;l gadhspfsplkpUe;J Mapuf;fzf;fhd jahhpg;GfSf;F ,wf;Fkjp jPh;itaw;w EioT mDkjp toq;Ftjd; %yk; nghUshjhu Nkk;ghl;il Cf;fg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf ,J tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Nk 3Mk; NjjpAld; 60 ehs; mwptpg;G fhyhtjpahtjhy;> mjw;Fg; gpd; GSPjpl;lk; Klf;fg;glf;$lhJ vd mz;ikapy;> 25 nry;thf;Fkpf;f mnkhpf;f rl;lkpaw;Weh;fs;> mnkhpf;f tu;j;jf gpujpepjp-uhgh;l; iyl;i`riu typAWj;jpAs;sdh;.

,e;jpahTf;fhd GSPjpl;lk; Klf;fg;gl;lhy; ,e;jpahtpy; Vw;Wkjpfis tphpthf;f Kw;gLk; mnkhpf;f epWtdq;fs; ghjpf;fg;gLk; vd mth;fs; thjpl;ldh;. ,e;jpahTldhd ,wf;Fkjp &Vw;Wkjpfs; - th;j;jfj;ij ek;gpapUf;Fk; Ntiyfis ghJfhf;Fk; kw;Wk; Cf;Ftpf;Fk; xh; xg;ge;jj;jpw;fhd Ngr;Rthh;j;ijia njhluTk; mth;fs; typAWj;jpdh;. GSPjpl;lj;jpd; fPo; gadilAk; tsUk; ehlhf ,e;jpahtpd; ngaiu mnkhpf;fh Kwpj;Jf; nfhs;s tpUk;Gtjhf khh;r; 4 md;W mjpgh; nlhdhy;l; buk;g; mwptpj;jhh;.


Mh;bf; fTd;rpypd; cWg;gpduhf cs;s ehLfs;:

Nk.7 md;W gpd;yhe;jpd; Nuhtdpkpapy; ele;j 11MtJ Mh;bf; fTd;rpy; mikr;ruitf; $l;lj;jpy;> murhq;fq;fSf;fpilNaahd Mh;bf; fTd;rpYf;F xU ghh;itahsuhf ,e;jpah kPz;Lk; Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;jpahtpd; gUtfhyj;jpw;Fk; Mh;bf; kz;lyj;Jf;Fk; ,ilNa VNjDk; njhlu;G ,Uf;fpwjh vd ,e;jpa Ma;thsh;fs; Ma;e;jwpe;J tUfpd;wdh;.

kj;jpa Gtpapay; mikr;rfj;jpd; fPopaq;Fk; Xh; ,e;jpa epWtdkhd Njrpa JUt kw;Wk; ngUq;fly; Muha;r;rp ikakhdJ gdpg;ghiwfspd; nghUz;ikr; rkepiy> fly; mikg;Gfspy; Vw;gLk; ntg;g tpisTs;> Nkf cUthf;fk; &gbTfs; kw;Wk; gy;Yaph; kPjhd tpisTfs; Fwpj;j gzpfis Nkw;nfhs;stjw;fhf „`pkhj;hp‟ vDk; Xu; Muha;r;rp epiyaj;ij ehh;Ntapd; ];thy;ghh;by; mikj;Js;sJ.

Mh;bf; fTd;rpyhdJ> Mh;bf; ehLfspd; nghJthd gpur;ridfs; Fwpg;ghf epiyahd tsh;r;rp kw;Wk; Rw;Wr;R+oy; ghJfhg;G Mfpatw;wpy; xj;Jiog;G> xUq;fpizg;G kw;Wk; ,iltpid Mfpatw;iw Cf;Ftpf;fpwJ. Mh;bf; murhq;fq;fs; kw;Wk; Mh;bf;fpd; goq;Fb kf;fs; vjph;nfhs;Sk; gpur;ridfSf;F ,J jPu;T fhz;fpwJ. fdlh> nld;khh;f;> gpd;yhe;J> I];yhe;J> ehh;Nt> ,u\;ah> RtPld; kw;Wk; If;fpa mnkhpf;fh Kjypa vl;L ehLfs; ,jpy; mlq;fpAs;sd.

‘fpwp];l;rh;r; fhy;’:

ghhpR cr;rpkhehl;bd;NghJ> gpnuQ;R mjpgh; ,k;khDNty; Nkf;NuhDk;> epa+rpyhe;J gpujkh; n[rpe;jh mh;nlDk; ,ize;J ,izaj;jpypUe;J td;Kiw cs;slf;fq;fisAk;> jPtputhjj;ijAk; ePf;Ftjw;fhd xU Gjpa Kd;ndLg;ig njhlq;fpitj;jdh;. khh;r; khjj;jpy; epa+rpyhe;J efuj;jpy; cs;s 2 gs;spthry;fspy; 51 Ngiu xU Nkyhjpf;fthjp Rl;Lf;nfhd;wijj; njhlh;e;J>„fpwp];l;rh;r; fhy; - Christchurch Call‟vd;w Kd;ndLg;G mh;nldhy; typAWj;jg;gl;lJ.

r%f Clfq;fs; kw;Wk; gpw ,izaj;jsq;fspy; gaq;futhj kw;Wk; td;Kiw jPtputhj cs;slf;fj;ij mfw;Wtjw;fhd cWjpia mspf;f gq;Nfw;ghsh;fs; Nfl;Lf;nfhs;sg;gLthh;fs;. „Tech for Good‟vd;wiof;fg;gLk; Nkf;Nuhd; mwpKfg;gLj;jpa xU Kd;ndLg;G ,e;j murpay; re;jpg;Gf;F ,izahf ele;jJ. mjpy; ghhpirr; Nrh;e;j 80 njhopy;El;gj; jiyth;fs; xd;Wjpuz;ldh;. ,J Gjpa njhopy;El;gq;fis nghJeyDf;fhf gzpahw;w xU topiaf; fz;lwpAk;.

NfhNfh]; (fPypq;) jPTfs;:

M];jpNuypahtpd; Gw Ml;rpg;gFjpahd NfhNfh]; (fPypq;) jPTfspy;> fly;rhh; mwptpayhsh;fshy; nefpop khR Fwpj;j tphpthd Ma;T elj;jg;gl;lJ. Rkhh; 600 Ngh; ,j;njhiyJ}u ,lq;fspy; tho;fpd;wdh;. ,J rpy Neuq;fspy; “M];jpNuypahtpd; khRgLj;jg;glhj filrp nrhh;f;fk;” vd tpthpf;fg;gLfpwJ.

,e;jpag; ngUq;flypy; cs;s ,e;jj; njhiyJ}u jPTfspd; flw;fiuapy; fpl;lj;jl;l xU kpy;ypad; ghjzpfs; kw;Wk; 3>70>000 gy;Jyf;fpfs; cs;spl;l 414 kpy;ypad; nefpopg; nghUl;fis mwptpayhsh;fs; fz;lwpe;Js;sdh;. ,j;jPTfspy; cs;s flw;fiufs; 238 ld; nefpopf; fopTfisf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; vd „mwptpay; mwpf;iffs;‟ vd;w gj;jphpifapy; ntspaplg;gl;l Ma;T xd;wpy; njhptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

jd; - ghypd jpUkzj;ij rl;lg+h;tkhf;fTs;s Mrpahtpd; Kjy; ehL:

MrpahtpNyNa Kjd;Kiwahf ijthdpy; jd; - ghypd jpUkzj;jpw;fhd (Same – Sex

Marriage)kNrhjhTf;F mDkjpaspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. xhpdr;Nrh;f;ifahsh;fs;> jk;gjpah;fs; Nghy jpUkzj;ijg; gjpT nra;Jnfhs;Sk; tpjkhf rl;lkpaw;wg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J rl;l hPjpahd


kzThpikfis jd;ghypd ,izfSf;F toq;FfpwJ. Jbg;ghd r%fj;Jld; jd;dhl;rp kpf;f kf;fshl;rpia cilaJ ijthd;.

‘jq;f ml;il’ vd;w epue;ju FbAhpik:

If;fpa muG mkPufj;jpd; gpujkh; N\f; KfkJ gpd; u\Pj; my;-kF^k;>UAE,d; tsh;r;rpapd; xUgFjpahf ,Uf;Fk; KjyPl;lhsh;fs;> njhopy;KidNthh;> rpwg;G ty;Yeh;fs; kw;Wk; Muha;r;rpahsh;fSf;F „jq;f ml;il - Golden Card‟vd;w epue;ju FbAhpik jpl;lk; xd;iw mwpKfg;gLj;jpAs;shh;. ,e;eltbf;if> NkYk; gy ,e;jpa njhopy; ty;Yeh;fs; kw;Wk; tzpfh;fis tisFlh ehl;bd;ghy; <h;f;Fk; vd vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpwJ.

,g;Gjpa epue;ju EioT ,irT ntspehl;L KjyPLfis cUthf;Fk;> njhopy;Kidit Cf;Ftpf;Fk;> Kd;dzpg; nghwpahsh;fs;> mwptpayhsh;fs; &khzth;fis <h;f;Fk;. ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo;> If;fpa muG mkPufj;jpy; 10 Nfhb jph;fhKf;Fk; mjpfkhf KjyPL nra;j 6>800 ntspehl;lth;fSf;F epue;ju Fbahpik toq;fTs;sjhf mwptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

`hh;%y; ePhpizg; gFjp:

mnkhpf;fhTld; mjpfhpj;J tUk; gjw;wk; fhuzkhf kpf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j `hh;%]; ePhpizg; gFjpia %lg; Nghtjhf <uhd; vr;rhpf;if tpLj;Js;sJ.

`hh;%y; ePhpizg; gFjpahdJ vz;nza; cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; kj;jpaf; fpof;F ehLfisAk; Mrpah> INuhg;gh> tl mnkhpf;fh kw;Wk; mjw;F mg;ghy; cs;s re;ijfisAk; ,izf;Fk; xU Kf;fpakhd ePh;topg; ghijahFk;.

,e;j ePhpizg; gFjpahdJ jdJ FWfpa ghijapy; 33 fpNyh kPl;lh;fs; tiu gutpAs;sJ.

,e;j ePhpizg; gFjpapd; gazg; ghijahdJ ,U jpirfspYk; 3 fpNyh kPl;lh; mfyj;ij kl;LNkf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

Vwj;jho Ie;jpy; xU gq;F cyf vz;nza; th;j;jfkhdJ `hh;%y; ePhpizg; gFjpapd; topNa eilngWfpd;wJ.

fj;jhhpdhy; jahhpf;fg;gLk; midj;J jput ,aw;if thAf;fSk; (LNG – Liquefied Natural Gas) ,e;jg; ghijapd; topNa mDg;gLfpd;wd.

cyfpy; mjpf mstpy; LNG- I cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; ehL fj;jhh; MFk;.

,e;jpah – gpuhd;]; flw;gil $l;Lg; gapw;rp:

,e;jpah kw;Wk; gpuhd;R ehl;Lf; flw;gilfs; ,ize;J tUzh 19.1 vDk; $l;Lg; gapw;rpia elj;Jfpd;wd.

,J Nk khjk; 1 Kjy; 10 tiuapy; Nfhthtpd; flw;fiug; gFjpapy; eilngWfpwJ.

,J ,Ujug;G flw;gilg; gapw;rpapd; 17tJ gjpg;ghFk;.

,e;j gapw;rpahdJ ,uz;L fl;lkhf eilngWfpwJ.

,Ujug;G re;jpg;G njhopy; Kiw epGzh;fspd; fye;Jiuahly;fs;> kw;Wk; tpisahl;L epfo;Tfs; Mfpait cs;spl;l JiwKfg; gapw;rpf;fhd gFjpahdJ Nfhthtpy; eilngWk;.

flw;gapw;rpg; gFjpahdJ flw;gil eltbf;iffspd; gy;NtW jug;Gg; gapw;rpfis cs;slf;fpaJ.

2-tJ fl;l flw;gilg; gapw;rpahd tUzh 19.2 MdJ Nk khj ,Wjpapy; b[pNghl;bapy; elj;j jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

1983 Mk; Mz;L njhlq;fg;gl;l ,e;j ,Ujug;G flw;gilg; gapw;rpapy; fye;J nfhs;tjw;fhf GUNdiar; nrd;wile;Js;sJ.


cyf ,uhZt nryT mwpf;if:

];lhf;N`hk; rh;tNjr mikjp Muha;r;rp epWtdkhdJ (Stockholm Internaiton Peace Research Institute –

SIPRI) 2018 Mk; Mzbw;fhd cyf ,uhZt nryT mwpf;ifia ntspapl;Ls;sJ.

,e;j Gjpa mwpf;ifapd;gb cyfshtpa mstpy; Xl;L nkhj;j ,uhZt nrytpdq;fshdJ fle;j Mz;il tpl 2.6 rjtPjk; cah;e;Js;sJ.

mnkhpf;fh> rPdh> rTjp> mNugpah ,e;jpah kw;Wk; gpuhd;R Mfpait 2018 Mk; Mz;by; mjpf nryT nra;j 5 ehLfs; MFk;.

mnkhpf;fhthdJ 2010 Mk; Mz;bw;F gpwF Kjd; Kiwahf nryit mjpfhpj;Js;sJ. fle;j 24 Mz;Lfshf njhlh;e;J rPdhtpy; nryTfs; mjpfhpj;J tUfpd;wd.

17tJ cyfg; nghUshjhu kd;wk;:

cyfg; nghUshjhu kd;wj;jpd; 17tJ gjpg;ghdJ kj;jpa fpof;F kw;Wk; tl Mg;gphpf;fhtpy; N[hh;lhdpd; rhf;fly; gFjpapy; eilngw;wJ.

,e;j $LifahdJ fPo;f;fhZk; 3 Kf;fpa njhiyNehf;Fg; ghh;itf;fhd fUj;JUtpd; fPo; elj;jg;gl;lJ. Ntiytha;g;Gfis cUthf;Fjy; mNugpa ngz;fSf;F mjpfhukspj;jy; kpfTk; jdpj;Jtkhd njhopy; njhlf;fq;fis Cf;Ftpj;jy;.

Nyhah [ph;fh:

Mg;fhdp];jhd; jdJ mhpjhd kw;Wk; kpfg;nghpa Nyhah; [ph;fhit rkPgj;jpy; elj;jpaJ.

gh];Njh nkhopapy; Nyhah [ph;fh vd;gJ kpfg;nghpa $l;lk; vd;W nghUs;gLk;.

,e;jf; $l;lkhdJ Mg;fhdp];jhdpypUe;J ntspehl;Lg; gilfis jpUk;gg; ngWtjw;fhd rhj;jpaf; $Wfs; Fwpj;J KbT vLg;gjw;fhf elj;jg;gl;lJ.

,e;jg; gilfs; jpUk;g miof;fg;gLjyhdJ epue;jug; Nghh; epWj;jk; kw;Wk; gy;NtW jhypghd; gilfspd; cWjpnkhopfs; Mfpatw;wpd; mbg;gilapy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gltpUf;fpd;wJ.

ntdP]; fiy tpoh:

,uz;L Mz;LfSf;F xUKiw eilngWk; ntdP]; fiy tpohtpd; 58-tJ gjpg;ghdJ ,j;jhypapd; ntdP]; efhpy; eilngwtpUf;fpd;wJ.

cyfpd; kpfg; nghpa fiy tpohf;fspy; ,JTk; xd;whFk;.

`hpGuh khehl;ilr; Nrh;e;j 400 Rtnuhl;bfspy; 16 Rtnuhl;bfs; ,e;jpahtpdhy; mq;F fhl;rpg;gLj;jgltpUf;fpd;wd.

1938Mk; Mz;by; eilngw;w `hpGuh fhq;fpu]; khehl;by; `hpGuh Rtnuhl;bfs; Kjd;Kiwahf xl;lg;gl;ld.

,e;jr; Rtnuhl;bfis cUthf;FkhW Gfo;ngw;w Xtpauhd ee;jyhy; Ngh]; vd;gtiu fhe;jp Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhh;.

`hpGuh fhq;fpu]; khehlhdJ Rgh\; re;jpu Ngh]; vd;gtuhy; jiyik jhq;fg;gl;lJ.


ADMM Plus fly; ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; gaq;futhj vjph;g;G gapw;rp - gd;dhl;Lg; gapw;rp:

,e;jpaf; flw;filapd; INS nfhy;fj;jh kw;Wk; INS rf;jp Mfpait ADMM plus (Mrpahd; kw;Wk; ,ju ehLfspd; ghJfhg;G mikr;rh;fs; $Lif –ASEAN Defence Ministers Meeting plus) ehLfspd; gd;dhl;Lg; gapw;rpapy; fye;J nfhs;tjw;fhf GUNdiar; nrd;wile;Js;sJ.

Nk khjk; 1 Kjy; 9 tiu eilngWk; ,J fly; ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; gaq;futhj vjph;g;Gg; gapw;rpahFk;.

,e;j ADMM Plus fly;rhhh; ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; gaq;futhj vjph;g;G kPjhd gapw;rpahdJ (ADMM plus Ex

MS & CT ADMM Plus ehLfs; FOtpd; gd;dhl;Lg; gapw;rpahFk;.

,e;jg; gjpg;ghdJ GUNdtpy; njhlq;fp rpq;fg;g+hpy; KbtilAk;.

,e;jg; gapw;rpapd; NghJ ,e;jpaf; flw;gilahdJ gapw;rpapy; fye;J nfhs;Sk; gy;NtW Mrpahd; kw;Wk; mjd; gpw cWg;G ehLfspd; flw;gilfSld; JiwKf kw;Wk; flw;gug;Gfspy; Vw;gLk; gy rpf;fyhd eltbf;iffs; gw;wpa epGzj;Jt fye;Jiuahly;fspy; <LgLk;.

ADMM plus:

ADMM plus MdJ 10 ehLfisf; nfhz;l jskhFk;.

,J Mrpahd; kw;Wk; mjd; ,ju fye;Jiuahly; ehLfisf; nfhz;ljhFk;.

FO cWg;gpdh;fspd; kj;jpapy; ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; ghJfhg;G xj;Jiog;ig tYg;gLj;JtNj ,jd; Nehf;fkhFk;.

td;Kiwapdhy; Vw;gl;l kuzq;fspd; rh;tNjr gjpT:

];lhf;N`hk; rh;tNjr mikjp Ma;T epWtdkhdJ (Stockholm International Peace research institute)

td;Kiwapdhy; Vw;gl;l kuzq;fspd; rh;tNjr gjpT vDk; Gjpa Kd;ndLg;igj; njhlq;fpAs;sJ.

,J cyfshtpa mstpy; td;Kiwfshy; Vw;gLk; kuzq;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia fzf;nfLg;gij Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

,J midj;J tifahd td;KiwfshYk; Vw;gLk; ,wg;Gfisf; fzf;fpl;L jpwe;j epiy juT jsj;jpy; ntspapLk;.

,J 2030 Mk; Mz;Lfs; midj;J tifahd td;KiwfisAk; mJ rk;ge;jg;gl;l ,wg;G tpfpjq;fisAk; Fiwg;gJ‟ vd;w cyf ehLfspd; ,yf;fpy; (SDG - ,yf;F 16) Vw;gLk; Kd;Ndw;wj;ijf; fz;fhzpf;f cjTfpwJ.

,e;j juT jskhdJ Neuk; ,lk;> Fw;wthsp ghjpf;fg;gl;lth; kw;Wk; td;Kiwapd; tif cl;gl midj;J tifahd td;Kiwapdhy; Vw;gl;l ,wg;GfisAk; cs;slf;fpaJ MFk;.

,e;jj; jpl;lj;jpd; Kjy; fl;lj;jpw;F ];tPldpd; Ngh];l;NfhL mwf;fl;lisapdhYk; If;fpa uhr;rpaj;jpd; rh;tNjr Nkk;ghl;Lj; JiwapdhYk; epjpaspf;fg;gLfpwJ.

SIPRI:

];tPlid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l ,e;j rh;tNjr mikg;ghdJ 1966 Mk; Mz;L epWtg;gl;lJ.

,J Nkhjy;fs; MAjq;fs; MAjf; fl;Lg;ghL kw;Wk; MAjf; Fiwg;G Mfpatw;wpd; kPJ Ma;T Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhf mh;g;gzpf;fg;gl;lJ.

,J jpwe;j epiy Mjhuq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; nfhs;if tFg;ghsh;fs; Ma;thsh;fs;> clfq;fs; kw;Wk; Mh;tKs;s nghJkf;fSf;F gFg;gha;T kw;Wk; ghpe;Jiufis toq;FfpwJ.


Nel;Nlh gilj; jiyth;:

mnkhpf;fhitr; Nrh;e;j thd; gil n[duy; Njhl D. Nthy;l;lh;]; vd;gth; Nel;Nlhtpd; 19-tJ INuhg;gpa cahpa Ner ehLfspd; gilj; jiytuhfg; nghWg;Ngw;whh;.

tl ml;yhz;bf; xg;ge;j mikg;G (NATO – North Atiantic Treaty Organization) vd;gJ tl mnkhpf;fh kw;Wk; INuhg;ghitr; Nrh;e;j 29 ehLfspd; xU ,uhZt $l;bizthFk;.

Nel;Nlh mikg;ghdJ $l;Lg; ghJfhg;gpd; xU mikg;ghf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.

,J ve;nthU vjphp ehLfSk; jhf;Fjy; elj;jpdhy; mjw;Fg; gjpyfk; jUk; tifapyhd nghJg; ghJfhg;gpw;F midj;J cWg;G ehLfSk; xj;Jf; nfhz;Ls;sd vd;gijf; Fwpf;fpwJ.

,J 1949 Mk; Mz;L Vg;uy; 4 md;W mikf;fg;gl;lJ.

,jd; jiyikafk; ngy;[paj;jpd; G&ry;]; mike;Js;sJ.

n[d;]; ];Nlhy;nld;ngh;f; vd;gth; Nel;Nlhtpd; nghJr; nrayhsuhf ,Uf;fpd;whh;. Gjpa tpkhdk; jhq;fpg; Nghh;f;fg;gy;:

xU Gjpa rpwg;G tha;e;j tpkhdk; jhq;fpg; Nghh;f; fg;giy fl;likg;gjw;fhf If;fpa ,uh[;[pak; ,e;jpahTld; Ngr;R thh;j;ijapy; <Lgl;Ls;sJ.

,J Ivd;v]; tp\hy; vd;W ngahplg;gl;L 2022,y; ,e;jpaf; flw;gilapy; ,izf;fg;gl; tpUf;fpd;wJ.

,j;jpl;lk; „ ,e;jpahtpy; jahhpg;Nghk;‟ vd;w jpl;lj;jpd; xU gFjpahFk;.

65>000 ld;fs; vil nfhz;l vyprngj; uhzp (HMS Queen Elizabeth)vd;w Nghh;f; fg;giyg; Nghd;Nw ,f;fg;giyf; fl;likg;g jpl;lkplg; gl;bUf;fpd;wJ.

HMS Queen Elizabeth vd;gJ 60 Ngh; tpkhdq;fis vLj;Jr; nry;Yk; jpwd; nfhz;l gphpl;ldpd; kpfg;nghpa tpkhdk; jhq;fpg; Nghh;f; fg;gyhFk;.

,jw;F Kd;G 1987 Mk; Mz;by; gphpl;ld; HMCn`h;kP]; vd;w fg;giy ,e;jpahtpw;F tpw;gid nra;jJ.

,J INS tpuhj; vd;W ngahplg;gl;L 2017 Mk; Mz;L tiu gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. cyfshtpa czTf; nfhs;if mwpf;if:

rh;tNjr czTf; nfhs;if Muha;r;rp epWtdkhdJ (International Food Policy Research Institute – IFPRI) rkPgj;jpy; 2019 Mk; Mz;bw;fhd cyfshtpa czTg; nfhs;if mwpf;ifia ntspapl;Ls;sJ.

IFPRI- ,d; ,e;j Kjd;ik mwpf;ifahdJ 2018 Mk; Mz;bw;fhd czTf; nfhs;ifapy; cs;s Kf;fpa rpf;fy;fs; Nkk;ghLfs; kw;Wk; KbTfs; Mfpatw;iw kW Ma;T nra;fpwJ. NkYk; 2019 Mk; Mz;bw;fhd rthy;fisAk; tha;g;GfisAk; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;fpwJ.

Kf;fpa fz;Lgpbg;Gfs;:

cyfpd; nkhj;j kf;fs; njhifapy; 45.3%kf;fs; fpuhkg; Gwq;fisr; Nrh;e;jth;fs;

cyf kf;fs; njhifapy; Fiwe;j gl;rkhf 70% Ngh; kpfTk; tWikapy; cs;sdh;.

cyfk; KOtJk; cs;s fpuhkg;Gw ,isQh;fspy; Rkhh; 50% Ngh; ve;jnthU mikg;Grhh; JiwapYk; Ntiyapd;wp cs;sdh;. NkYk; mth;fs; Ntiyapd;wpNah my;yJ jFjpf;F Fiwe;j NtiyapNyh cs;sdh;.

2030 Mk; mz;bd; ePbj;j tsh;r;rp ,yf;ffis miltjw;fhd ghijf;F cyfk; ,d;Dk; jahuhftpy;iy.


2018 Mk; Mz;by; cyfpy; kpf Ntkfhf tsh;e;J tUk; gpuhe;jpakhf njw;fhrpah cs;sJ.

,e;jg; gpuhe;jpaj;jpd; 70 rjtPjk; fpuhkg;Gw kf;fs; njhiff;F ,e;jpah jhafkhf cs;sJ.

[g;ghd; Nguurh;:

[g;ghdpd; Gjpa Nguurh; eU`pNlh me;ehl;bd; fphprhe;jpkk; (Chrysanthemum) vdk; rpk;khrdj;jpy; mhpaiz Vwpdhh;.

2019 Mk; Mz;L Nk 01 Mk; Njjpapy; ,Ue;J nua;th rfhg;jk; mjpfhug;g+h;tkhfj; njhlq;fpaJ.

fle;j 1300 Mz;Lfspy; „nua;th‟(Reiwa) vd;gJ [g;ghdpd; ghuk;ghpa ,yf;fpaj;jpw;Fg; gpd;G ngahplg;gl;l KjyhtJ rfhg;jkhFk;.

Nguurh; eU`pNlh [g;ghdpd; 12-tJ Nguurh; Mthh;.

,J 5 Mk; E}w;whz;bypUe;J njhlh;e;J tUk; cyfpd; goikahd guk;giu Kbahl;rp MFk;.

eU`pNlhtpw;F Kd;dh; m`pfpl;Nlh vd;gth; ,Ue;jhh; nua;thtpw;F Kd;G n`a;rp (Jelsi) rfhg;jk; ,Ue;jJ.

Nghypr; nra;jpfs;:

ehl;by; Nghypr; nra;jpfisg; gpufhpg;gijf; Fw;wkhf;ff; $ba xU rl;lj;ij (epfo;Neu Nghypj; jfty;fs; kw;Wk; ifahSjypypUe;Jg; ghJfhg;gjw;fhd kNrhjh) rpq;fg;g+h; epiwNtw;wpAs;sJ.

,J Nghd;w Nghypr; nra;jpfis Klf;fp mtw;iw ePf;f murhq;fj;jpw;F ,J mDkjpaspf;fpd;wJ.

,J rpq;fg;g+Uf;Fj; jPq;F tpistpf;ff; $ba Nghypr; nra;jpfs; my;yJ Njh;jypy; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jf; $ba Nghypr; nra;jpfisj; jil nra;fpd;wJ.

<];lh; Fz;L ntbg;G - ,yq;if:

,yq;ifiar; Nrh;e;j jPtputhj mikg;ghd „Njrpa jy; P̀j; [khj;‟ MdJ ,yq;ifapy; Gdpj QhapW (Vg;uy; 21) md;W njhlh; jhf;Fjy;fis epfo;j;jpaJ.

,e;jj; jhf;Fjypy; 350f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l kf;fs; nfhy;yg;gl;ldh; kw;wk; gyh; fhakile;jdh;.

,e;jj; jPtputhjj; jhf;FjYf;F jdJ mkhf; nra;jp epWtdj;jpd; %yk; ,];yhkpa mikg;G nghWg;Ngw;wJ.

,yq;ifapy; ele;j ,e;jj; jw;nfhiyg; gil jPtputhjj; jhf;FjYf;Fg; nghWg;Ngw;W> me;ehl;bd; ghJfhg;Gj; Jiw nrayhsh; N`khrphp ngh;dhz;Nlh jdJ gjtpapypUE;J tpyfpdhh;.

FbauRj; Jizj; jiyth; - tpal;ehk; gazk;:

2019 Mk; Mz;L Nk 9 md;W ,e;jpaf; FbauR Jizj; jiyth; 4 ehl;fs; Rw;Wg; gazkhf tpal;ehk; nrd;whh;.

,th; jhk; rf; gNfhlhtpy; I.ehtpd; 16-tJ „ntrhf; jpdf;‟ nfhz;lhl;lj;jpy; fye;J nfhs;s ,Uf;fpd;whh;.

Ntrhf; (Gj;j n[ae;jp my;yJ Gj;j g+h;zpkh vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ) vd;gJ Gj;jhpd; gpwg;G> mth; Qhdk; miljy; kw;Wk; mtuJ ,wg;G Mfpatw;iw mDrhpg;gjw;fhff; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpd;wJ.

,e;jj; jpdkhdJ xt;nthU Mz;Lk; re;jpu ehl;fhl;bapd; mbg;gilapy; epfo;fpd;wJ. I.eh. nghJr; rigapd; Gjpa jiyth;:

I.eh. nghJr; rigapd; Gjpa jiytuhf Nguhrphpauhd b[hdp KfkJ ghz;Nl epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;shh;.


,thpd; epakdkhdJ jw;NghJ gjtpapypUf;Fk; jiytuhd khpah ngh;dhz;lh v];gpNdhrh fhh;r]; vd;gtuhy; mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ.

1989- 1990 Mk; Mz;Lfspy; I.eh. nghJr; rigapd; jiytuhf gjtp tfpj;j N[hrg; etPd; fh;ghtpw;F mLj;jjhfg; gj\Naw;Fk; ,uz;lhtJ ie[Phpauhf ghz;Nl cUntLj;Js;shh;.

[g;ghdpd; mjptpiuT Gy;yl; uapy;:

[g;ghdhdJ mjd; kzpf;F 400 fp.kP J}uj;ij milaf;$ba mjpNtfkhd \pd;fd;nrd; Gy;yl; uapypd; My;gh –Xgjpg;gpd; Nrhjid Xl;lj;ij njhlq;fpaJ.

My;/gh –XGy;yl; uapyhdJ (uapy; ghpNrhjidfspd; Kd;dzp eltbf;iffSf;fhd Nkk;gl;l Ma;tfq;fs;) 2030 Mk; Mz;by; jdJ Nritiaj; njhlq;fj; jpl;lkpl;Ls;sJ.

tof;fkhd jLg;ghd;fisj; jtpu My;/gh XMdJ $iukPJ mike;j fhw;W jLg;ghd;fisAk; nkJthf nry;Yk;NghJ uapypd; Ntfj;ijf; Fiwg;gjw;fhf ,uapypd; mUfpy; fhe;j jl;LfisAk; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

kzy; Ruq;fq;fis kPjhd UNEP mwpf;if:

If;fpa ehLfspd; Rw;Wf;#oy; jpl;lkhdJ (United National Environment Programme – UNEP) rkPgj;jpy; kzy; Ruq;fk; kw;Wk; mjd; Efh;T Fwpj;j xU mwpf;ifia ntspapl;lJ.

,e;j mwpf;ifahdJ „kzy; kw;Wk; epiyj;jd;ik cyfshtpa kzy; tsq;fspd; Rw;Wr;#oy; MSikf;fhd Gjpa jPh;itf; fz;lwpjy;‟ vDk; jiyg;gpy; ntspahdJ.

,J tsh;e;j tUk; kf;fs; njhifapy; kzy; Efh;T Njitfs; kw;Wk; gq;F Mfpatw;wpd; khwptUk; Nghf;fpd; kPJ ftdk; nrYj;Jfpd;wJ.

,e;j mwpf;ifapd;gb MWfs;> Vhpfs; kw;Wk; flw;fiuNahuq;fspy; kzy; ms;Stjd; %yk; ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;jf;$ba Kf;fpakhd gFjpfspd; gl;baypy; rPdh kw;Wk; ,e;jpah Mfpait Kd;dzpapy; cs;sd.

If;fpa ehLfspd; Gtpapay; Ma;tpd;gb cyfshtpa rpnkz;l; cw;gj;jpapy; %d;wpy; ,uz;L gq;F rPdhtpYk; (58.5%) ,e;jpahtpYk; (6.6) eilngWfpwJ.

Neghsj;jpw;F ,uapy; ngl;bfs;:

Neghs ehlhdJ 2 Bry; - vyf;l;hpf; gd;iyF ,uapy; mikg;Gfis thq;Ftjw;fhf nfhq;fd; ,uapy;NtAld; xU xg;ge;jk; xd;wpy; ifnaOj;jpl;Ls;sJ.

,e;j ,uapy;fshdJ gPfhhpy; cs;s n[a;efh; kw;Wk; Neghsj;jpy; cs;s Fh;jh Mfpa efuq;fis ,izf;ff;$ba 34 fpNyh kPl;lh; ePs ,uapy;Nt ghijapy; ,af;Ftjw;Fg; gad;gLj;jgltpUf;fpd;wJ.

,e;j ,uapy;fshdJ jkpo;ehl;bd; nrd;idapy; cs;s xUq;fpize;J ,uapy; ngl;bj; njhopw;rhiyapdhy; jahhpf;fg;gl tpUf;fpd;wJ.

vil Fiwthd Foe;ijfs;:

„thd;nrl; rh;tNjr Rfhjhuk;‟ vd;w gj;jphpf;ifapy; ntspaplg;gl;l xU Gjpa Muha;r;rp Ma;tpd;gb 20 kpy;ypaDf;Fk; mjpfkhd Foe;ijfs; Fiwe;j vilAld; (2500 fpuhk; my;yJ 5.5 gTz;Lfs;) gpwf;fpd;wd.

cyfpy; vil Fiwthfg; gpwf;Fk; Foe;ijfspy; ghjpf;Fk; Nky; njw;F Mrpahtpy; gpwf;fpd;wd. ,q;F 2015 Mk; Mz;by; 9.8 kpy;ypad; Foe;ijfs; Fiwe;j vilAld; gpwe;Js;sd.


cyfpy; gjpjhfg; gpwf;Fk; 2.5 kpy;ypad; Foe;ijfspy; 80 rjtpfpjj;jpw;Fk; mjpfkhd Foe;ijfs; Fiwe;j vilapdhy; xt;nthU Mz;Lk; ,wf;fpd;wd.

fle;j 10 Mz;Lfspy; ,e;jpah 834 Gjpjhfg; gpwf;Fk; Foe;ijfs; ey ikaq;fisf; fl;likj;jjd; %yk; Gjpjhfg; gpwf;Fk; Foe;ijfspd; eyid Nkk;gLj;j rpwg;ghf nrayhw;Wfpd;wJ.

fhuzKk; tpisTk;:

Fwpg;gpl;l fhyj;jpw;F Kd;Ng Foe;ij gpwg;gJ (fh;g;g fhykhd 37 thuq;fSf;F Kd;G) my;yJ kpfr; rpwpajhfg; gpwg;gJ (fUg;igapNyNa tsh;r;rp fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ) my;yJ ,it ,uz;Lld; gpwg;gJ Mfpait Foe;ijfspd; Fiwthd vilf;Ff; fhuzkhFk;.

Foe;ijfs; Fiwthd vilAld; gpwg;gjw;fhd fhuzq;fs; gpd;tUkhW: jha;khh;fspd; taJ (gUtg; ngz;fs; kw;Wk; tajhd ngz;fs;) Neha;j; njhw;Wfs; clw;gUkd; kw;Wk; Cl;lr;rj;Jg; gw;whf;Fiw Gifg;gpbj;jy; kw;Wk; Rw;Wr;#oy; ghjpg;GfSf;F cs;shFjy; gyKiw fUj;jhpj;jy; kw;Wk; kUj;Jtk; rhuhj mWitr; rpfpr;ir Kiw

Fiwe;j vilAld; gpwf;Fk; Foe;ijfs; Fiwe;j tsh;r;rp kw;Wk; Nkhrkhd tsh;r;rp ghjpg;GfSf;F mjpfk; cl;gLfpd;wd.

mnkhpf;fhtpy; Gyk; ngah;jy;:

mnkhpf;f mjpgh; nlhdhy;L buk;g; jFjpapy; mbg;gilapy; Gyk;ngah;T mikg;ig cUthf;Ftjw;fhd xU rl;lj;ij mwpKfg;gLj;jpAs;shh;.

,J kf;fspd; taJ> mwpT gzp tha;g;Gfs; kw;Wk; cs;Sh; epiyfs; Mfpatw;wpd; mbg;gilapy; kf;fSf;F ,Ug;gplj;ij mspf;fpd;wJ.

Gyk;ngah;thsh;fs; mnkhpf;fhtpy; tho mDkjp mspf;fg;gLtjw;F Kd; mth;fs; Mq;fpyj;ijf; fw;Wk; mq;Fs;s nghJj; Njh;tpy; Njh;r;rp ngw;Wk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

jw;nghOJs;s Gyk;ngah;T mikg;ghdJ mnkhpf;fhTld; FLk;g hPjpapyhd njhlh;G nfhz;Ls;s tpz;zg;gjhuh;fSf;F rhjfkhf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.

,e;jpaj; njhopy;rhh; gzpahsh;fs; kw;Wk; jpwd;kpF gzpahsh;fs; nghJthfg; gadspf;ff; $ba gr;ir ml;ilfs; my;yJ epue;ju rl;lg;g+h;t ,Ug;gplr; rhd;wpjo;fisg; ngWtjw;fhff; fhj;jpUf;fpd;wdh;.

Kd;Dhpik mspf;fg;gl;l ,fhkh rTjp FbAhpik ml;il:

Kjd;Kiwahf rTjp mNugpahtpd; mikr;ruitahdJ rpy Fwpg;gpl;l ntspehl;lth;fSf;F epyGyd; Nghd;w nrhj;Jf;fis itj;Jf; nfhs;s mDkjpaspf;Fk; nghUl;L epue;ju trpg;gpl chpikia toq;f mDkjpaspj;Js;sJ.

mth;fs; rTjpapd; Mjuthsh;fs; (fh/gPy;) cjtpapd;wp jq;fs; FLk;gj;Jld; trpf;fj; jFjpAilath;fs; Mth;.

,e;jg; Gjpa Kiwikf;F „Kd;Dhpik mspf;fg;gl;l ,fhkh‟ vdg; ngahplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,e;j Kd;Dhpikaspf;fg;gl;l ,fhkh Kiwikapd; fPo; nrhe;jkhf cs;s trpg;gplj;ij tUle;NjhWk; GJg;gpf;f KbAk;.

,e;jj; jpl;lkhdJ nghJthf rTjp Fbahpik ml;il vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.


3 tUlq;fSf;F Kd;djhf ,sturh; KfkJ gpd; ry;khdhy; 2030f;fhd njhiyNehf;Fj; jpl;lj;jpd; xU gFjpahf ,J Kjd;Kiwahf mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ.

fpwp];Jt Njthya miog;G:

gpnuQ;r; mjpgh; ,khDNty; nkf;uhd; kw;Wk; epa+rpyhe;jpd; gpujkh; n[rpe;jh Mh;nlh;d; MfpNahh; „fpwp];Jt Njthya miog;G‟ vd;w xU Gjpa Kd;ndLg;igj; njhlq;ftpUf;fpd;wdh;.

,J ahiuAk; fl;Lg;gLj;jhj tifapyhd xg;ge;jq;fspd; njhFg;ghFk;. ,e;j xg;ge;jj;jpy; murhq;ff; FOf;fs; kw;Wk; Kf;fpakhd njhopy;El;g epWtdq;fs; ifnaOj;jpltpUf;fpd;wd.

jdpahh; epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; Kf;fpakhd murhq;fq;fs; Mfpa ,uz;Lk; ifnaOj;jpLk; ,J Nghd;w tifiar; Nrh;e;j KjyhtJ Mtzk; ,JthFk;.

,J ifnahg;gkplg;gl;l ehLfis jPtputhj xopg;G> r%f Clfk; kw;Wk; ,ju Clfq;fspdhy; Vw;gLk; jPtputhj ghjpg;ig xopg;gJ Mfpait Fwpj;J cWjpnkhop Vw;FkhW Nfl;Lf; nfhs;stpUf;fpd;wJ.

,e;jpah ,e;j xg;ge;jj;jpy; ifnaOj;jpl;Ls;sJ.

epa+rpyhe;jpd; fpwp];l;rh;r; k#jpj; jhf;Fjy;fs; vd;gJ 2019 Mk; Mz;L khh;r; khjk; 15 Mk; Njjp nts;spr; fpoikj; njhOifapd; NghJ epa+rpyhe;jpd; fpq;];l;rh;r;rpy; cs;s k#jpfspy; epfo;j;jg;gl;l 2 njhlh; jPtputhj; jhf;Fjy;fs; MFk;.

,e;jpa ePjpgjp – gp[p:

,e;jpa cr;r ePjpkd;w Kd;dhs; ePjpgjpahd kjd; Nyh#h; vd;gth; ,e;jpa cr;r ePjpkd;wj;jpypUe;J gp[p ehl;bd; cr;r ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F epakpf;fg;gl;l KjyhtJ ePjpgjpahf cUntLj;Js;shh;.

,th; ntspehl;Lr; Fbkf;fs; FOtpd; xU gFjpahf 3 Mz;L fhyj;jpw;F nray;gltpUf;fpd;whh;.

,th; 2005 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J ,e;jpa cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpd; rkurf; FOtpd; xU gFjpahf nray;gl;lhh;.

,e;j Kaw;rpahdJ Vwj;jho 2 yl;rk; tof;Ffis Kbj;J itf;f ,Uf;fpd;wJ

NkYk; ,J Fwpj;j nra;jpfSf;F ,q;Nf nfhLf;fTk;. nfhRf;fb Neha;g; ghJf;fhg;Gf; fhg;gPL:

HDFC–ERGO vd;w nghJf; fhg;gPl;L epWtdkhdJ „nfhRf;fbahy; Vw;gLk; Neha;g; ghJfhg;gpw;fhd xU fhg;gPl;Lj; jpl;lj;jpidj; njhlq;fpAs;sJ.

,J nfhRthy; kdpjh;fSf;Fg; guTk; nghJthd Neha;fshd nlq;F fha;r;ry; kNyhpah> rpf;fd;Fdpah> [g;ghdpa %isf; fha;r;ry;> RUq; fha;r;ry; epzePh; ahidf;fhy; tpahjp kw;Wk; [pfh itu]; Nghd;w Neha;fis cs;slf;Fk;.

Njrpa Rfhjhu juTjs tptuk; ntspapl;Ls;s 2018 Mk; Mzbw;fhd mwpf;ifapd; gb 2009 – 2017 Mfpa fhyfl;lq;fspy; ,e;jpahtpy; 300 rjtpfpj mstpw;F nlq;F fha;r;rypd; ghjpg;G fLikahf mjpfhpj;Js;sJ.

Gjpa topelj;jg;gLk; VTfiz mopg;ghd;fs;:

rPdhtpd; flw;gilahdJ jhypghdpy; „rPdhtpy; Nflak;‟ vd;wiof;fg;gLk; ,uz;L Gjpa 052D tif Y}ahq; 11 tFg;G topelj;jg;gLk; VTfiz mopg;ghd;fis nray;epiyg; gLj;jpAs;sJ.

jhq;\hd; kw;Wk; RN\ha; vDk; ngahplg;gl;l ,t;tpU fg;gy;fSk; ,e;j tFg;gpd; KiwNa 19tJ kw;Wk; 20tJ fg;gy;fshFk;.


rPdh jw;NghJ nray;ghl;bNyh my;yJ tpiutpy; Nritf;F tUk; epiyapNyh 2D tifahd 052D fg;gy;fisf; nfhz;L ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

,e;j mopg;ghd;fshdJ NtfkhdjhFk; Nghh;f; fg;gy;fshdJ ePz;l J}uj;jpw;F ,af;ff; $bajhFk;. NkYk; ,tw;iw tpkhd jhq;fpAld; Nrh;j;Jk; gad;gLj;jyhk;.

rPdhtpd; tuyhw;wpNyNa Kjd;Kiwahf rPdhtpd; flw;gilahdJ jdJ flw;gilj;jsthlikaj;ij ,e;jpag; ngUq;flypy; cs;s b[pNghl;b vDk; jPtpy; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

mghafukhd `PNta; ifNgrpfs;:

ghJfhg;Gf; fhuzq;fs; kw;Wk; mnkhpf;fhtpd; Miz Mfpatw;wpd; fhuzkhf $Fs; epWtdkhdJ njhiyj; njhlh;G epWtdkhd P̀Nta; epWtdj;jpw;F toq;fp te;j NghJ kf;fSf;F my;yhj td;nghUs; kw;Wk; nkd; nghUs; Nritfis epWj;jpAs;sJ.

,e;jeltbf;if Gjpa jpwd; Ngrpfis cUthf;Ffpd;w kw;Wk; goikahd jpwd; Ngrpfis Nkk;gLj;Jfpd;w rPdhtpd; ifNgrp tbtikg;ghsh;fis fLikahfg; ghjpf;Fk; vd;W vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

rhk;rq; epWtdj;jpw;F mLj;J Mz;luha;L rhjdq;fis toq;Fk; ,uz;lhtJ Kd;dzp epWtdk; P̀Nta; epWtdk; MFk;.

,J rPd kf;fs; tpLjiy ,uhZtj;jpy; gzpahw;wpa xU nghwpahsuhd nud; nra;nga; vd;gtuhy; nrd;n`dpy; 1987 Mk; Mz;by; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

rPdhtpw;F ntspNa `PNtapd; KjyhtJ Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; tsh;r;rp ikak; 1999 Mk; Mz;by; ngq;fS&tpy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

mDkjpaspg;G ml;ilfs;:

If;fpa ,uh[;[pa murhq;fkhdJ INuhg;gpa nghUshjhu Nghuhl;lg; gFjpf;F (EEA – European

Economic – Area) ntspNa cs;s ehLfspypUe;J If;fpa ,uh[;[paj;jpw;F tUk; rh;tNjrg; gazpfshy; KOikahd g+h;j;jp nra;ag;gl;l mDkjp ml;ilfis itj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w eilKiwia ePf;fpAs;sJ.

,J gphpl;ldpw;Fs; vspikahd Kiwapy; Eioa Ntz;Lk; vd;w Nehf;fj;jpq;fhf vLf;fg;gl;l eltbf;iffspd; xU gFjpahFk;.

Eiotpd; NghJ epug;gg;gl;l mDkjp ml;ilfis itj;jpUg;gjw;F ,e;jpah;fSf;Fk; tpyf;F mspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

INuhg;gpa nghUshjhug; gFjp kPjhd xg;ge;jkhdJ 1994Mk; Mz;L [dthp 01 md;W eilKiwf;F te;jJ.

EEA kPjhd xg;ge;jkhdJ gpd;tUtdtw;iw xd;wpizf;fpd;wJ. INuhg;gpa xd;wpa cWg;G ehLfs; EEA ehLfs; I];yhe;J ypr;nrnld;];ild; ehh;Nt

,e;j ehLfs; cs;ehl;Lr; re;ij‟ vd;wwpag;gLk; xU nghJr; re;ijia cUthf;ffpd;wd.

Rtpl;rh;yhe;J EEAxg;ge;jj;jpy; ,lk; ngwtpy;iy. Njh;jy; KbT – td;Kiw:

2019 Mk; Mz;L Nk 21 md;W N[hNfh tpNlhNlh vd;gth; ,e;NjhNd\pahtpd; mjpguhf ,uz;lhtJ Kiwahf kPz;Lk; Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;Ls;shh;. Nghl;bahsuhd gpuNghNth Rgpad;Nlh vd;gtiuj; Njhw;fbj;jhh;.


vjph;f;fl;rpj; Nrh;e;j Mjuthsh;fs; kw;Wk; gpuNghNth Rgpad;nlh MfpNahh; ,e;jj; Njhy;tpia Vw;Wf; nfhs;shky; kpfg;nghpa Nghuhl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; td;Kiwfspy; <Lgl;ldh;.

,e;NjhNd\pahtpd; Gfo;ngw;w fphpNkhg; fhty; Jiwg; gphptpd; jiyikafj;jpw;F ntspNa kpf Nkhrkhd fytuk; xd;W epfo;e;Js;sJ. ,jpy; ,Jtiu 6 Ngh; nfhy;yg;gl;Ls;sdh; kw;Wk; 250 egh;fs; fhakile;J fhakile;Js;sdh;.

ghuk;ghpaj;ij ghJfhj;jy;:

ghurp r%fkhdJ jdJ goikahd ghuk;ghpq;fisg; ghJfhg;gjw;fhf jdJ gpuhh;j;jidfis b[pl;ly; kakhf;fpAs;sJ.

cyfpd; epidT Nghd;w Kd;Kaw;rpfspdhy; <h;f;fg;gl;L ,J Vw;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

cyfpd; epidT vd;w jpl;lkhdJ 1992 Mk; Mz;by; And];Nfhtpdhy; njhlq;fg;gl;l xU rh;tNjr Kd;ndLg;ghFk;.

,e;jj; jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fk; khdplhh;fspd; ghuk;ghpaj;ij Mtzg;gLj;jpg; ghJfhg;gjhFk;.

,J vjph;fhyj; jiyKiwapdh;fSf;fhf kjpg;Gkpf;f fhg;gfq;fs; E}y;fspd;j; njhFg;Gfs; Mfpatw;iwg; ghJfhf;f Fuy; nfhLf;fpd;wJ.

gpd;njhlh;e;J Juj;jpg; gpbj;jy;:

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,J &600 Nfhb &gha; kjpg;gpyhd Nghij kUe;Jfisg; gwpKjy; nra;Js;sJ.

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,J jq;fs; ehl;bd; vy;iyg; gFjpapy; kw;Wk; epyg; gFjpfspy; nray;ghl;by; cs;s rl;lq;fis kPWfpd;w ntspehl;ilr; Nrh;e;j fg;gy;fisg; gwpKjy; nra;Ak; chpikia mq;fPfhpf;fpd;wJ.

,J jq;fs; ehl;bd; vy;iyf;F mg;ghy; ,Uf;Fk; vjphp ehl;Lf; fg;gy;fisg; gwpKjy; nra;J> mjd; gpd;G mjd; kPjhd tprhuizia Nkw;nfhs;s mDkjpf;fpd;wJ.

Mrpa ,uapy; ghij:

,e;jpahtpy; ,uapy; ghijfis kpd;kakhf;Fk; xg;ge;jk; xd;wpy; Mrpa tsh;r;rp tq;fpahdJ (ADB –

Asian Development Bank) ifnaOj;jpl;Ls;sJ.

,e;j xg;ge;jj;jpd;gb ABD tq;fpahdJ 750 kpy;ypad; lhyh;fis ePz;l fhy epjpahf ,e;jpa ,uapy;Nt epjpapay; fofj;jpw;F (IRFC – Indian Railway Finace Corporation) toq;fTs;sJ.

ADB tq;fpahdJ jdJ cWg;G ehLfSs; xU ehl;L murhq;fj;jpd; cj;juthjk; ,y;yhky; me;ehl;by; toq;Fk; kpfg;ngUk; ,JthFk;.

,e;jpa ,uapy;Nt epjpapay; fofk;:

,e;jpa ,uapy;Nt epjpapay; fofkhdJ (IRFC) Mk; Mz;L cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.

,J ,uapy;Nt Nritfis tphpTgLj;Jtjw;fhf epjp %yq;fis cUthf;Ffpd;wJ.

,J 1997 Mk; Mz;by; re;ijapypUe;J fld; thq;fj; njhlq;fpaJ.


,J epjpg; gj;jpuq;fspd; %yk; tq;fpfs; kw;Wk; epjpapay; epWtdq;fs; Mfpatw;wpypUe;J epjpiag; ngWfpd;wJ.

,e;Njh – kpahd;khp fhh;gl;:

,e;jpah – kpahd;kh; ehLfspd; xUq;fpize;j fly; Nuhe;Jg; gapw;rpapd; (COPRA) 80-tJ gjpg;ghdJ Nk 20 md;W me;jkhd; epf;Nfhgh; jPTfspy; Jtq;fpaJ.

kpahd;kh; flw;gilf; fg;gy;fshd UMSfpq; jgpd;\Py;`pl;b (773) kw;Wk; UMS ,d;Ny Mfpait INS rhuhA vd;w ,e;jpa fg;gw;gilapd; fg;gYld; ,ize;J gapw;rp Nkw;nfhs;sTs;sd.

,e;jf; fg;gy;fs; ,U ehLfSf;fpilNaahd rh;tNjr fly;rhh; vy;iyg; gFjpapy; Nuhe;Jg; gapw;rpapy; <LgltpUf;fpd;wd.

,it 4 ehl;fSf;F Vwj;jho 725 fpNyh kPl;lh; njhiytpw;F Nuhe;Jg; gapw;rpapy; <LgltpUf;fpd;wd.

fhh;ngl;bd; (COPRA) Nehf;fq;fs; ,U ehLfisAk; ghjpf;Fk; jPtputhjg; gpur;ridfis vjph;nfhs;tJ> rl;ltpNuhjkhf kPd; gpbj;jy;> Nghijg; nghUs; flj;jy;> Ms; flj;jy;> Ntl;ilahLjy; kw;Wk; ,ju rl;l tpNuhj eltbf;iffs; Mfpatw;iwj; jLg;gJ Fwpj;Jg; gapw;rp Nkw;nfhs;stJhFk;.

rhNfh]; jPTg; gpur;rpid:

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rhNfh]; vd;gJ Mq;fpy ,e;jpag; ngUq;fly; epyg; gug;gpy; (British Indian Ocean Territory – BIOT) cs;s xU mjpfhug;g+h;tg; gFjpahFk;.

nkhhP\pa]; ehlhdJ ,j;jPtpd; kPJ jdJ ,iwahz;ikia kPz;Lk; Vw;gLj;j tpUk;Gfpd;wJ.

gpur;rid – tuyhW:

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E}w;whz;L rhNfh]; gpuhd;rpd; xU gFjpahFk;. ,J gpuhd;rhy; Ml;rp nra;ag;gl;lJ.

1810 If;fpa ,uh[;[pak; nkhhP\pai\f; ifg;gw;wpaJ 1965 nkhhP\parpd; tpLjiy Mdhy; Mq;fpy muR rl;l

tpNuhjkhf ,ij (BIOT) cUthf;fpaJ. 1966 B Nfh fhh;rpahtpy; mnkhpf;ff; flw;gilj; jsk;

mikf;fg;gl;lJ (rhNfh]pd; kpfg; nghpaj; jPTfs; 2017 If;fpa ehLfs; jiyaPL NIOT-y; gphpl;b\;

Mjpf;fk; Fwpj;J rl;lg; g+h;tkhf KbT vLf;FkhW ICIitf; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lJ.

2019 rhNfh]pypUe;Jg; gphpl;b\; tpyf Ntz;Lk; vd;w mwpTiuia‟ rh;tNjr ePjpkd;wk; toq;fpAs;sJ.

eQ;R Kwpg;G Af;jp:

cyf Rfhjhu epWtdk; ghk;Gf; fbapdhy; Vw;gLk; fhaq;fs; kw;Wk; caphpog;Gfisf; Fiwj;jpl xU Gjpa Af;jpia ntspapl;L ,Uf;fpd;wJ.


tp\KwpT kUe;Jfspd; gw;whf;FiwahdJ xU cyfshtpa nghJ Rfhjhu mtru epiyia tpiutpy; cUthf;Fk; vd;W ,J vr;rhpf;if tpLj;jpUf;fpd;wJ.

2017 Mk; Mz;by; ,e;epWtdk; ghk;Gf; fbapd; eQ;Rg; ghjpg;ig xU Gwf;fzpf;fg;gl;l ntg;gkz;ly Nehahf tiuaWj;J ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

me;epWtdk; 2010 Mk; Mz;bw;Fs;shf jFjpahd kUe;J cw;gj;jpahsh;fspy; 25 rjtpfpj mjpfhpg;ig Vw;gLj;j Ntz;ba Njitia typAWj;jp ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

,e;jpahtpy; rpfpr;ir:

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If;fpa ehLfspd; kdpjf; FbapUg;G khehL:

2019 Mk; Mz;L Nk 27 md;W nfd;ahtpd; ieNuhgpapy; eilngw;w If;fpa ehLfspd; kdpjd; FbapUg;G khehl;Lj; jpl;lj;jpd; (UN – Habitat Assembly) Kjyhtjhd xU KO mkh;Tr; re;jpg;gpd; NghJ me;j mikg;gpd; eph;thf thhpaj;jpw;F ,e;jpah Njh;e;njLf;fl;Ls;sJ.

If;fpa ehLfspd; kdpjf; FbapUg;G ehl;Lj; jpl;lj;jpd; xU rpwg;Gf; fUj;JUthdJ „efuq;fs; kw;Wk; rKjhaq;fspy; rpwe;j tho;f;ifj; juj;jpw;fhd Gj;jhf;fk; vd;gjhFk;.

,e;j mikg;ghdJ ieNuhgpiaj; jiyikaplkhff; nfhz;L 1978 Mk; Mz;by; njhlq;fg;gl;lJ.

,J midtUf;Fk; ,Ug;gplj;ij mspf;Fk; ,yf;Fld; r%fk; kw;Wk; Rw;Wr;#oy;fs; hPjpapy; ePbj;j rpWefuq;fs; kw;Wk; ngUefuq;fs; Vw;gLj;Jtij Cf;Ftpf;Ff; $ba I.ehtpd; xU mikg;ghFk;.

nfhOk;G JiwKfk;:

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Container>$l;lhf> Nkk;gLj;j> ,yq;if> [g;ghd; kw;Wk; ,e;jpah Mfpait xU xg;ge;jk; xd;wpy; ifnaOj;jpl;Ls;sd.

ECTMdJ nfhOk;Gtpy; cs;s rPdhtpdhy; epjpaspf;fg;gLk; rh;tNjr epjpapay; efuj;jpw;F kpf mUfpy; mike;Js;sJ ,J JiwKf efuk; vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ

Kf;fpakhd ,lj;jpy; mike;Js;s ECTapy; eilngWk; ghpkhw;wj; njhopypy; (tzpfg; ghpkhw;wk;) 70 rjtpfpjj;jpw;Fk; Nky; ,e;jpahTld; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.


nghUshjhu epfo;Tfs;

WTO mikr;ruit epiyapyhd re;jpg;G:

16 tsu;e;J tUk; ehLfs; kw;Wk; 6 kpff; Fiwe;j tsu;r;rp ngw;w ehLfis (Least Developed

Countries - LDCs)Nru;e;jtu;fspd; cyf tu;j;jf epWtdj;jpd; (WTO - World Trade Organisation)

mikr;ruit epiyapyhd re;jpg;ghdJ ,e;jpahtpdhy; 2019 Mk; Mz;L Nk 13-14 Mk; Njjpfspy; GJ jpy;ypapy; elj;jg;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.

,e;jr; re;jpg;gpd; NghJ Kf;fpakhd gpur;ridfs; tpthjpf;fg;gl tpUf;fpd;wd. WTO - d; Nky;KiwaPl;L mikg;gpw;fhd cWg;gpdu;fspd; epakdj;jpy; cs;s rpf;fy;fs; WTO rPu;jpUj;jq;fs;

xU ehlhdJ nkhj;j Njrpaj; jdpegu; tUkhdk;> kdpj rf;jpf; FwpaPL kw;Wk; nghUshjhu ke;jepiyf; FwpaPL Mfpatw;wpd; mbg;gilapy; LDCMf mwptpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

b[pl;ly; jhf;fk;:

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,e;jj; njhiyNehf;F Mtzj;jpd; Kf;fpaf; fUj;JUthdJ>“tpjptpyf;fhd kpd;dZ gztoq;fPLfs; mDgtj;ij Nkk;gLj;Jjy;” vd;gjhFk;.

,e;jpa upru;t; tq;fpahdJ gzj;ij mjpfk; gad;gLj;jhky; b[pl;ly; Kiwia mjpfk; gad;gLj;Jk; xU r%f epiyia miltjw;Fj; jpl;lkpl;Ls;sJ.

,J njhiyNehf;Fg; ghu;itf; fhyj;jpy; AgpI/Ivk;gpv]; Nghd;w gztoq;fPLfs; mikg;Gfspy; ruhrup tUlhe;jpu tsu;r;rp 100 rjtpfpjk; miltijAk; NEFT%yk; 40 rjtpfpjk; gzg; gupkhw;wk; epfo;tijAk; vjpu;ghu;f;fpd;wJ.

,J 2018 Mk; Mz;L brk;gu; khjj;jpd; 2>069 Nfhb b[pl;ly; gzg; gupkhw;wq;fshdJ 2021 Mk; Mz;L brk;gu; khjj;jpy; 8>707 Nfhbahf mjpfhupf;Fk; vd;W fzpj;Js;sJ.

cyf tu;j;jf mikg;G - FsWgbfs;:

cyf tu;j;jf mikg;gpd; (WTO - World Trade Organizations)“gpur;ridfSf;Fj; jPu;T fhZk; mikg;gpy;” epfOk; FsWgbfisj; jLg;gjw;fhd topfs; Fwpj;J tpthjpg;gjw;fhf 20w;Fk; Nkw;gl;l tsu;e;J tUk; ehLfs; GJ jpy;ypapy; rkPgj;jpy; re;jpj;jd.

WTONky;KiwaPl;L mikg;G vd;gJ 7 cWg;gpdu;fisf; nfhz;l xU epiyf; FOthFk;.

WTOcWg;gpdu;fshy; nfhz;L tug;gl;l tu;j;jfk; njhlu;ghd gpur;ridfspy; toq;fg;gl;l jPu;g;Gfspd; Nky;KiwaPLfis ,e;j mikg;G tprhupf;fpd;wJ.

WTOtpd; gpur;ridf;Fj; jPu;T fhZk; eilKiwahdJ ru;tNjr tu;j;jfk; rPuhf eilngWtjw;F Kf;fpakhd xd;whfg; ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

fle;j 2 Mz;Lfshf Njitg;gLk; 7 cWg;gpdu;fSf;Fg; gjpyhf ,e;j mikg;gpd; cWg;gpdu; mikg;gpy; cWg;gpdu;fs; vz;zpf;if %d;whff; Fiwf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,jw;Ff; fhuzk; WTOMdJ jdf;F vjpuhfr; nray;gLfpd;wJ. vd;W mnkupf;fh ek;Gfpd;wJ. vdNt mnkupf;fh ,e;j mikg;gpd; epakdq;fisj; jil nra;Js;sJ.

,e;jpah ,Jtiu 54 gpur;rpidfspy; Neubahff; fye;J nfhz;Ls;sJ. 158 gpur;rpidfspy; ,e;jpah %d;whtJ eguhfg; gq;F ngw;Ws;sJ.


,e;jpa upru;t; tq;fp - Gjpa gzp epiyfs;:

,e;jpa upru;t; tq;fpahdJ (RBI - Reserve Bank of India) “Nkw;ghu;itahsu;fs; fy;Y}up” vd;wwpag;gLk; xU Gjpa epWtdj;ij Kk;igapy; mikf;fj; jpl;lkpl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.

,J epjpapay; mikg;gpy; Nkw;ghu;itahsu; epiyapy; cs;s gzpahsu;fSf;Fg; gapw;rp toq;fp> mtu;fisf; fl;likf;Fk;.

,e;j epWtdk; RBIgzpahsu;fSf;fhf 1 tUl rpwg;Gg; gapw;rpj; jpl;lj;ij mspf;ftpUf;fpd;wJ.

,e;j epWtdj;jpy; gapw;rp ngWk; mjpfhupfs; njhopy;El;gj;jpy; epfOk; ve;jnthU khw;wj;ijAk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; tifapy; xt;nthU 5 Mz;LfSf;Fk; kW rhd;wpjiog; ngw Ntz;Lk;.

%d;whtJ egu; nghWg;G:

fhg;gPl;L xOq;FKiw mikg;ghd IMu;bVI (IRDAI - Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of

India)MdJ kfpOe;Jfs;> ,U rf;fu thfdq;fs;> gs;spg; NgUe;Jfs; kw;Wk; ruf;Fe;Jfs; Mfpatw;wpw;fhd %d;whk; egUf;fhd thfd fhg;GWjpj; njhifia mjpfupg;gjw;Fg; gupe;Jiue;Js;sJ.

thfdf; „fhg;gPl;Lf; nfhs;ifahdJ Kf;fpakhd ,uz;L $Wfisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

mitahtd %d;whk; egu; nghWg;G nrhe;jr; Nrjq;fs;

Nrjq;fspypUe;J Vw;gLk; fld;fs; %d;whk; egUf;Fg; ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;jpdhy; mit %d;whk; egu; fhg;gPl;Lj; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; cs;slq;Fk;.

,J thfdq;fspd; Nrjk; kw;Wk; mtw;wpd; cupikahsu; MfpNahiu cs;slf;fhJ.

Kjd;ik ,lu;ghl;L mjpfhup:

&.5000 Nfhbf;Fk; Nky; nrhj;Jfis itj;Js;s tq;fp rhuh epjpapay; epWtdq;fs; xU Kjd;ik ,lu;ghl;L mjpfhupia (CRO - chief risk officer)epakpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W ,e;jpa upru;t; tq;fp mwpTWj;jpAs;sJ.

rpy ngupa tq;fp rhuh epjpapay; epWtdq;fs; (NBFC - non - banking financial Companies) ngwg;gl;l fld;fisj; jpUg;gpr; nrYj;jhky; ,Ug;gJ epjp neUf;fbf;F ,l;Lr; nry;Yk;. (cjhuzk;) Ivy; kw;Wk; g;v]; (IL&FS)epWtdj;jpy; Vw;gl;l epjp neUf;fb.

Kjd;ik ,lu;ghl;L mjpfhupapd; jiyaha gzp ,lu;ghLfis milahsk; fhZjy;> Ma;T nra;jy; kw;Wk; mtw;iwj; jLj;jy; MFk;.

,tu; NBFC-d; gbepiyapy; %j;j mjpfhupahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,tu; ,lu;ghl;L Nkyhz;ikj; Jiwapy; NghJkhd njhopy;rhu; jFjp my;yJ mDgtj;ijf; nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

krhyh gj;jpuq;fs;:

Nfus fl;likg;G KjyPl;L epjp thupak; (Kerala Infrastructure Investment Fund Board - KIIFB) may;ehl;Lr; re;ijapy; ,Ue;J epjpapidg; ngWtjw;fhf krhyhg; gj;jpuq;fis ntspapl;Ls;sJ.

krhyhg; gj;jpuq;fSf;fhf re;ijr; nray;ghLfspy; gq;nfLj;Js;s xU KjyhtJ ,e;jpa khepykhf Nfush cUntLj;Js;sJ.

krhyhg; gj;jpuk; vd;gJ xU &gha; mbg;gilapyhd gj;jpuk; mnkupf;f lhyupy; jpUg;gpr; nrYj;jf; $baJ


Mq;fpyr; rl;lj;jpw;F cl;gl;lJ.

&gha; mbg;gilapyhd gj;jpuq;fs; vd;gJ ntspehl;Lr; re;ijapy; ,Ue;J epjpapid ,e;jpa &ghapy; ngWtjpidf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ.

fle;j Mz;by; Vw;gl;l nts;sj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l cs;fl;likg;Gfis kWrPuikg;gjw;fhf ,e;jg; gj;jpuq;fspypUe;J tUk; epjpapidg; gad;gLj;j Nfush KbT nra;Js;sJ.

KIIFBMdJ 312 kpy;ypad; lhyu; (&.2150 Nfhb) kjpg;gpyhd epjpapidg; ngWtjw;fhf 17-05-2019 Mk; Njjpad;W ,yz;ld; gq;Fr; re;ijapy; krhyhg; gj;jpuq;fisg; gl;baypl;Ls;sJ.

,yz;ld; gq;Fr; re;ij cyfstpy; krhyhg; gj;jpuq;fspd; xU kpfg;ngupa ikakhf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. ,J jdJ re;ijapy; ,Nj Nghd;w &gha; mbg;gilapyhd 49 krhyhg; gj;jpuq;fisg; gl;baypl;Ls;sJ.

Gs;spapay; Jiw:

Njrpa [dehaf; $l;lzp murhq;fk; Nk 23-k; Njjpapl;l xU Mizapy; kj;jpa Gs;spapay; kw;Wk; jpl;l mkyhf;fj; Jiw mikr;rfj;jpd; fPo; kj;jpa Gs;spapay; epWtdj;Jld; Njrpa khjpup Ma;T epWtdj;ij ,izg;gjhf mwptpj;J ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

xU Gjpa Njrpa Gs;spapay; epWtdk; mikf;fg;gLtjw;fhf Njrpa khjpup Ma;T epWtdKk; kj;jpa Gs;spapay; epWtdKk; ,izf;fg;gLk;.

Kd;nkhopag;gl;Ls;s ,e;jg; Gjpa epWtdk;> Gs;spapay; kw;Wk; jpl;l mkyhf;fj; Jiwapd; nrayhsuhy; jiyik jhq;fg;gLk;.

kj;jpa Gs;spapay; epWtdk; xl;Lnkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jp> njhopyf cw;gj;jpf; FwpaPL Nghd;w nghUshjhuf; FwpaPLfs; kPjhd juTfis mspf;fpd;wJ.

Njrpa khjpup Ma;T epWtdk; Efu;Nthu; nryT kw;Wk; Ntiytha;g;gpd;ik Nghd;w tptfhuq;fs; kPJ Ma;T elj;Jfpd;wJ.

Njrpa khjpup Ma;T epWtdj;jhy; mspf;fg;gl;l Ntiytha;g;gpd;ik kPjhd rkPgj;jpa juTfshdJ Nkhb murhy; nghJ ntspapy; ,d;Dk; itf;fg;gltpy;iy.

gpy;ypad; kpd;dZ tzpf eltbf;iffs;:

,e;j epjpahz;L epiwT ngWk; 2020 Mk; Mz;L khu;r; khjj;jpy; 40 gpy;ypad; b[pl;ly; tzpf eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;s kj;jpa kpd;dZ kw;Wk; jfty; njhopy;El;gj; Jiw mikr;rfk; ,yf;F epu;zapj;Js;sJ.

2019 Mk; Mz;L khu;r; khjj;jpy; fle;j epjpahz;bd; Kbtpy;> 30 gpy;ypad; b[pl;ly; tzpf eltbf;iffs; vd;w ,yf;F ,Ue;jJ. ,e;j ,yf;fpy; 90 Kjy; 95 rjtPfpjk; tiu G+u;j;jp nra;ag;gl;L tpl;ld.

b[pl;ly; gz toq;fPLfspd; ntw;wpf;fhd Kf;fpaf; $whf ifNgrp gzg;igfs; kw;Wk; xUq;fpize;j gztoq;fPl;L ,ilKfk; Mfpait fUjg;gLfpd;wd.

epfo;Neu ngUe;jpus; jPu;T:

,e;jpa upru;t; tq;fp mjpf mstpyhd epjpg; gupkhw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;Jtjw;fhf epfo;Neu ngUe;jpus; jPu;tpd; (Real Time Gross Settlement - RTGS)%yk; thbf;ifahsu;fspd; epjpg; gupkhw;wq;fSf;fhd fhy msit ePl;bj;Js;sJ.

2019 Mk; Mz;L [{d; 01 Mk; NjjpapypUe;J epjpg; gupkhw;wj;jpw;fhd Neuk; xd;wiu kzp Neuk; ePl;bf;fg;gLk;. mjhtJ khiy 4.30 kzpapypUe;J 6.00 kzp tiu mJ ePl;bf;fg;gLk;.


,q;F epfo; Neuk; vd;gJ tq;fpg; gzpahsu;fs; jhq;fs; ngw;w mwpTWj;jy;fis nray;gLj;Jtijf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ.

,q;F “ngUe;jpus; jPu;T” vd;gJ epjpg; gupkhw;w nray;Kiwfs;> mwpTWj;jy;fs; Mfpait Njrpa kpd;dZ gzg; guptu;j;jid (National Electronic Fund Transfer - NEFT) Nghd;W njhFg;Gfshf my;yhky; jdpj;jdpahf epfo;tijf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ.

RTGSjpl;lj;jpd; topahf gupkhw;wg;gLk; epjpf;F vJTk; “cr;r tuk;G” epu;zapf;fg;gltpy;iy.

cyfg; nghUshjhu Nghl;bj; jpwd; jutupir 2019 - IMD:

,e;j Mz;bw;fhd nghUshjhu Nghl;bj;jpwd; jutupirapy; kpfTk; Nghl;bkpf;f nghUshjhukhf ,e;jpah xU ,lk; Kd;Ndwp 43-tJ ,lj;jpy; jutupirg; gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,e;jj; jutupir ru;tNjr Nkyhz;ik tsu;r;rp epWtdj;jpdhy; (International Institute for Management

Development)Mz;LNjhWk; ntspaplg;gLfpwJ.

India’s Rank Year 2019 43 2018 44 2017 45 2016 41

,e;jj; Nghl;bj;jpwd; jutupirapy; rpq;fg;G+u; Kjyplj;jpy; cs;sJ.

rpq;fg;G+u; Kjy; ,lj;jpidg; ngWtjd; %yk; `hq;fhq; (2) kw;Wk; mnkupf;fh (3) Mfpa ehLfisg; gpd;Df;Fj; js;spAs;sJ.

,e;jg; gl;baypy; ntdpRyh filrp ,lj;jpy; cs;sJ.

v];rp/v];b njhopy;KidNthu;fs;:

2019 - 20 Mk; Mz;bw;fhf Njrpa rpW njhopw;rhiyfs; fofk; (NSIC – National Small Industries

Corporation)kj;jpa rpW> FW kw;Wk; eLj;ju epWtd mikr;rfj;Jld; (MSME - Ministry of Micro> Small

and Medium EnterPrise)xU Gupe;Jzu;T xg;ge;jk; xd;wpy; ifnaOj;jpl;;Ls;sJ.

,e;jg; Gupe;Jzu;T xg;ge;jj;jpd; Nehf;fk; nghJj; Jiwf; nfhs;Kjypy; v];rp/v];b gpuptpdupd; gq;fspg;ig mjpfupf;Fk; Nehf;fj;Jld; mtu;fspd; njhopy;KidTf;fhd trjpfis mspg;gjhFk;.

NSICvd;gJ kpdp uj;dh vd;w gpuptpd; fPo; cs;s xU ,e;jpa muR epWtdkhFk;.

,J 1955 Mk; Mz;by; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.

,J MSMEmikr;rfj;jpd; fPo; nray;gLfpd;wJ.

me;epa Neub KjyPL - ,e;jpah

njhopw;Jiw Cf;Ftpg;G kw;Wk; cs;ehl;L tzpfj; Jiwapd; (Department for Promotion of Industry and

Internal Trade - DPIIT) rkPgj;jpa mwpf;ifapd;gb> fle;j MW Mz;L fhyj;jpy; ,y;yhj mstpw;F ,e;jpahtpy; 2018-19 Mk; Mz;by; me;epa Neub KjyPL (FDI - Foreign Direct Investment)

Kjd;Kiwahf Fiwe;Js;sJ.

njhiyj; njhlu;G> kUe;Jfs; kw;Wk; kpd;rhuk; Nghd;w Jiwfspy; ntspehl;L epjp KjyPLfs; Fiwe;Js;sd.


,e;j Mz;by; nkhuP\pa]; ehl;bypUe;J ,e;jpahtpw;Fs; tUk; me;epa Neub KjyPl;il tplTk; ,uz;L klq;F mjpf me;epa Neub KjyPLfs; rpq;fg;G+u; ehl;by; ,Ue;J ngwg;gl;Ls;sd. ,jw;F Kd; nkhuP\pa]; Kjyplj;jpy; ,Ue;jJ.

[g;ghd;> neju;yhe;J> If;fpa ,uh[;[pak;> mnkupf;fh> n[u;kdp> irg;u];> If;fpa muG mkPufk; kw;Wk; gpuhd;R Mfpa ehLfs; ,e;jpahtpd; gpw Kf;fpa KjyPl;lhsu;fshFk;.

njhopy;El;g Jzpfs;:

„njhopy;El;g Jzpfs;‟kPjhd Njrpa fUj;juq;fhdJ Nfhak;Gj;J}hpy; eilngw;wJ.

,e;jf; fUj;juq;fpy; kj;jpa [Tspj; Jiw mikr;rfkhdJ njhopy;El;g Jzp;fs; kPjhd ,uz;L mwpf;iffis rkh;g;gpj;Js;sJ.

,J njhopy;El;gj; Jzpfspd; jpwid ntspf; nfhz;L tUtijAk; mij vt;thW gad;gLj;JtJ vd;gdtw;iwAk; Nehf;fq;fshff; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

njhopy;El;gj; Jzp vd;gJ mofpay; rhuhj gad;ghLfSf;fhfTk; xU Fwpg;gpl;l nray;ghl;Lf;fhfTk; cUthf;fg;gl;l Mil tifahFk;.

gpd;tUgit njhopy;El;gj; Jzpfspy; mlq;Fk;.

tif gad;ghL kUj;Jt Milfs; cl;nghUj;jpfs; Ntshz; Milfs; gaph;ghJfhg;gpw;fhd Milfs; Gtpapay; Milfs; ePhpidj; Njf;fp itf;Fk; fiuapid tYt+l;Ljy; ghJfhg;G Milfs; jPapypUe;Jg; ghJfhf;Fk; Milfs; Njhl;lhf;fspypUe;Jg;

ghJfhf;Fk; Milfs;> tpz;ntspapy; gad;gLj;Jk; Milfs; thfdj; Jiwf;fhd Milfs;

tphpg;ghd;fs;> cl;g+r;Rg; nghUl;fs;

MNyhrfh; epjp Mizak;:

,e;jpa murpd; jiyikg; nghUshjhu MNyhrfuhd lhf;lh; fpU\;z%h;j;jp Rg;gpukzpad; 15-tJ epjpf; FOtpd; (FC – Finance Commission) MNyhrf Mizaj;jpd; 12tJ cWg;gpduhf epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;shh;.

epjp Mizak;:

1952 Mk; Mz;L Vg;uy; 06 MdJ KC epNahfp jiyikapd; fPo; KjyhtJ epjp Mizak; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

,J ,e;jpaf; FbauRj; jiythpdhy; ruj;J 280-d; fPo; Vw;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

FC MdJ kj;jpa> khepy kw;Wk; khepyq;fSf;fpilNaahd thp tUkhdg; gq;fPLfs; Fwpj;J KbT vLf;fpd;wJ.

,J 5 Mz;L fhyj;jpw;F mikf;fg; gLfpd;wJ.

,J xU jiyth; kw;Wk; ,ju 4 cWg;gpdh;fis cs;slf;fpa 5 cWg;gpdh;fisf; nfhz;l xU mikg;ghFk;.


rr;rhpd;:

,e;NjhNd\pahtpypUe;J ,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gLk; rr;rhhpd; vd;w nghUspd; kPJ vjph;f; Ftpg;Gj; jLg;G thpia ,e;jpah tpjpj;Js;sJ.

,e;j thpahdJ murpdhy; ,uj;J nra;ag;gltpy;iy vdpy; 5 Mz;L fhyj;jpw;F ,Nj epiy ePbf;Fk;.

rr;rhhpd; vd;gJ Cl;lr; rj;J mw;w xU ,dpg;G Rita+l;bahFk;.

,J fUk;Gr; rh;f;fiuf;F khw;whf fNyhhp Fiwe;j ,dpg;G Rita+l;bahff; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ.

,J gpd;tUk; gy;NtW njhopw;rhiyfspy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. czT kw;Wk; ghdk; Ra eyd; rhh;e;j nghUl;fs; ,dpg;G Rita+l;bfs; kpd;Kyhk; g+Rjiy kpspur; nra;git kUj;Jtg; nghUl;fs;

vjph;f; Ftpg;Gj; jLg;G thp:

xU nghUspd; vg;nghOJk; tpw;fg;gLk; tpiyiaf; fhl;bYk; Fiwe;j tpiyf;F xU ehl;bypUe;J kw;nwhU ehl;bw;F me;jg; nghUshdJ Vw;Wkjp nra;ag;gl;lhy; mJ Ftpg;G vd;W miof;fg;gLk;.

,J xU epahakw;w th;j;jf eilKiwahFk;.

,J rh;tNjr th;j;jfj;jpy; xU gutyhd tpisit Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ ,J cs;ehl;L th;j;jfj;ijAk; ghjpf;fpd;wJ.

vjph;f; Ftpg;G vd;gJ ,e;jr; #o;epiyia rhp nra;J epahakhd th;j;jfj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk; xU KiwahFk;.

vjph;f; Ftpg;G Kiwapid epahakhd Nghl;bapd; fUtpahfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLjyhdJ cyf th;j;jf epWtdj;jpdhy; mDkjpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

thp Va;g;G:

tUkhd thpj;Jiw kw;Wk; ruf;F kw;Wk; Nritfs; thp mikg;G (Goods and Services Tax Network –

GSTN) Mfpait thp Va;g;igf; fz;lwptjw;fhf xd;wpize;J gzpahw;wj; jpl;lkpUf;fpd;wd.

tUkhd thp kw;Wk; GST Mfpatw;wpd; fPo; rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;l tUkhdj; njhifahdJ Nrhjid nra;ag;gl;L rhpghh;f;fg;gl tpUf;fpd;wJ.

tUkhd thp kw;Wk; GSTMfpatw;wpd; fPo; rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;l tUkhdj; njhifahdJ Nrhjid nra;ag;gl;L rhpghh;f;fg;gl tpUf;fpd;wJ.

GSTN:

GSTN MdJ ,yhg Nehf;fpy;yh epWtdkhf kj;jpa kw;Wk; khepy muRfshy; $l;lhf gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

,J epWtdq;fs; rl;lk;> 2013-d; gphpT 8-d; fPo; xU epWtdkhfg; gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

GSTNmikg;gpd; gzp ruf;F kw;Wk; Nrit thpapid(GST)nray;gLj;Jtjw;fhf jfty; njhopy;El;gfl;likg;G kw;Wk; Nritfis toq;FtjhFk;.

cUisf; fpoq;Ffs;:

ngg;rpNfh epWtdkhdJ ECS cUisf; fpoq;F tifiag; tifiag; gaphpljw;fhf F[uhj;ijr; Nrh;e;j 4 tptrhapfs; kPJ tof;F njhlh;e;Js;sJ.


ngg;rpNfh epWtdkhdJ fhg;Ghpik kPWjYf;fhf me;j tptrhapfs; kPJ Fw;wk; Rkj;jpAs;sJ.

ngg;rp epWtdkhdJ jdJ Ny]; (Lays) vd;w cUisf; fpof;F rhh;e;j nehWf;Fj; jPdpf;fhf FCStif cUisf; fpoq;Ffis gpuj;jpNakhfg; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

FCStif cUisf; fpoq;fhdJ Fiwe;j <ug;gjj; jd;ikiaf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.

Fiwe;j <ug;gjj; jd;ikahdJ ,e;j tif cUisf; fpoq;Ffis nehWf;Fj; jPdpfshf khw;Wtij vspjhf;Ffpd;wJ.

PPV & FR (Protection of Plant Variety and Farmers Right)rl;lj;jpd; fPo; ,e;jpahtpy; gjpT nra;ag;gLtjw;F mDkjpf;fg;gl;l 151 gaph; tiffspy; cUisf; fpoq;Fk; xd;whFk;.

jhtu tif kw;Wk; tptrhapfspd; chpikfs; ghJfhg;gpw;fhd rl;lk;:

,e;jr; rl;lkhdJ 2001 Mk; Mz;by; epiwNtw;wg;gl;lJ.

,e;j rl;lj;jpd; Fwpf;Nfhs;fs; gpd;tUkhW jhtu tiffspd; ghJfhg;G tptrhapfs; kw;Wk; Ntshz; gaph;fs; tsh;g;gth;fspd; chpikfisg; ghJfhj;jy; Gjpa Ntshz; gaph;fisg; gaphpLjy; kw;Wk; tsh;r;rpia Cf;Ftpj;jy;

jfty; ika Coy;:

,e;jpag; gq;F kw;Wk; ghpth;j;jid thhpakhdJ Nkw;ghh;itapLjypy; Fiwghl;Lld; nray;gl;likf;fhf &.1000 Nfhbia mguhjj; njhifahf 45 ehl;fSf;Fs; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;W Njrpag; gq;F ghpth;j;jid mikg;gpw;F (NSE – National Stock Exchange of India) cj;jutpl;Ls;sJ.

NSEjfty; ika trjpapd; fPo;> ,ilj; jufh;fs; jq;fsJ jfty; Nritafj;ij (Server) ghpth;j;jid jfty; ikaj;jpy; itj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;.

Mdhy; ghpth;j;jid jfty; Nritafj;ij mZFtjw;F rpy ,ilj; jufh;fSf;F Kd;Dhpik mspf;fg;gl;lJ.

,e;j epahakw;w eilKiwapd; fhuzkhf Mapuk; Nfhbf;F Nky; mth;fs; ,yhgk; mile;Js;sdh;.

];tpfp kw;Wk; Nrhkhl;Nlh:

,lg;ngah;T njhopyhsh;fSf;fhd xU Kd;dzp efukhf jpy;yp cUntLj;Js;sJ. ,th;fs; ,e;jpahtpd; jw;fhypf (epiyaw;w –gig-economy) nghUshjhuj;Jld; ,ize;Js;sdh; ,jpy; ngq;fSU efuk; ,uz;lhtJ ,lj;jpy; cs;sJ.

2018- 19 Mk; epjpahz;bd; filrp 6 khjj;jpy; jpy;yp kw;Wk; ngq;fSU Mfpa efuq;fs; KiwNa 5>60>000 kw;Wk; 2>52>300 kf;fis jdJ epiyaw;wg; nghUshjhuj;jpy; ,izj;Js;sJ.

epiyaw;wg; nghUshjhukhdJ czT tpepNahf epWtdq;fshd ];tpfp NfhkhNlh kw;Wk; thlif kfpOe;J epWtdq;fshd cNgh;> Xyh Mfpatw;wpdhy; eilngWfpd;wd.

gzpfs;:

epiyaw;wg; nghUshjhuj;jpy; jw;fhypf kw;Wk; nefpo;Tj; jd;ik nfhz;l gzpfs; Mfpait nghJthd gzpfshFk;.

epWtdq;fs; KO Neug; gzpahsh;fSf;F khw;whfj; jdpj;J nray;glf; $ba xg;ge;jjhuu;fs; kw;Wk; gFjp Neug; gzpahsh;fis mjpf mstpy; gzpakh;j;Jfpd;wd.


gzpahsh;fs; rpwpa mspyhd gzpg; ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; Fiwe;j mstpyhd gad;fs; Mfpatw;Wld; gzpahw;Wfpd;wdh;.

,J kpf mhpjhfg; gzpaplk; khWfpd;w kw;Wk; vjph;fhy tho;f;if Fwpj;J ftdk; nrYj;jhky; ,Uf;fpd;w KO Neug; gzpahsh;fspd; ghuk;ghpag; nghUshjhuj;ij tYFd;wr; nra;fpd;wJ.

kpsfha;j; J}s;:

,e;jpahitr; Nrh;e;j kpsfha;fis rPdhtpw;F Vw;Wkjp nra;tjw;fhd xU eilKiw xg;ge;jj;jpy; ,e;jpah kw;Wk; rPdh Mfpa ehLfs; ifnaOj;jpl;Ls;sd.

kpsfha;j; J}s; vd;gJ kpsfhapypUe;J vz;nza; gphpj;njLf;fg;gl;l gpd;G kPjapUf;Fk; nghUshFk;.

,J kpsfha;f; Fok;G kw;Wk; ,jutw;iw cw;gj;jp nra;tjpy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; xU %yg; nghUshFk;.

kpsfhia cw;gj;jp nra;jy;> Efh;jy; kw;Wk; Vw;Wkjp nra;jy; Mfpatw;wpy; cyfpd; kfpg;nghpa ehlhf ,e;jpah tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.

kpsfhahdJ ,e;jpahtpypUe;J mjpf mstpy; Vw;Wkjp nra;ag;gLk; xU eWkzg; nghUshFk;.

rPdh Vw;fdNt gpd;tUk; ,e;jpa czTj; jahhpg;Gfis jq;fsJ re;ijapy; tpw;gid nra;a mDkjpaspj;Js;sJ.

nghUs; xg;ge;jk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l

Mz;L khk;gok; 2003

ghfw;fha; 2005

jpuhl;irg; gok; 2005

fLF vz;nza; czT 2015

ghRkjp mhprp 2006

ghRkjp kw;Wk; ghRkjpaw;w mhprp 2018

kPd; czT / vz;nza; 2018

Gifapiy ,iyfs; 2019

kpsfha; J}s; czT 2019

gphpT eltbf;if tof;F:

Njrpa epWtd rl;lj; jPh;g;gha (2-tJ jpUj;jk;) tpjpfs;> 2019 MdJ kj;jpa ngUepWtd tptfhuq;fSf;fhd mikr;rfj;jpdhy; ntspaplg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd.

,J gphpT eltbf;if tof;Ffis (CAL – Class Action Lawsuits) gjpT nra;tjw;Fj; Njitahd tuk;Gfisf; Fwpg;gpl;L ,Uf;fpd;wJ. epWtdj;jpy; cs;s cWg;gpdh;fspy; Fiwe;jJ 5 rjtpfpjk; my;yJ 100 cWg;gpdh;fs;

,tw;wpy; vJ Fiwthf ,Uf;fpwNjh mtw;iw vLj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;. ,Nj tpjpfs; epjp itg;ghsh;fs; kw;Wk; itg;Gj; njhifia vLf;Fk; epWtdq;fs;

Mfpatw;wpw;Fk; nghUe;Jk;.


mwptpay; kw;Wk; njhopy;El;gr; epfo;Tfs;

Atpfh 2019:

Me;jpu khepyk; =`hpNfhl;lhtpy; cs;s rjP\;jthd; tpz;ntsp ikaj;jpy;> gs;sp khzth;fSf;fhd ,sk; tpQ;Qhdpfs; jpl;lj;ij (Yuva Vlgyani Karyakram – 2019) ISROjiyth; Dr.K.rptd; njhlq;fpitj;jhh;. ,g;gapw;rp ,k;khjk; 13-26 tiu eilngWfpwJ.

tpz;ntsp njhopy;El;gk;> mwptpay; kw;Wk; nrayhf;f El;gq;fs; Fwpj;J khzth;fsplk; tpopg;Gzh;it Vw;gLj;JtNj ,jd; Nehf;fkhFk;. ,J kj;jpa murpd; „n[a; tpf;ahd;> n[a; mD\e;jd;‟ vd;w njhiyNehf;Fg; ghh;itAld; ISROMy; njhlq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

RISAT – 2B Nulhh; glkhf;fy; nraw;iff;Nfhs;:

ISROepWtdkhdJ Me;jpu khepyk; =`hpNfhl;lhtpy; cs;s rjP\; jthd; tpz;ntsp Ma;T ikaj;jpypUe;J g+kpia fz;fhzpg;gjw;fhd RISAT – 2Bnraw;iff;Nfhis PSLV C-46VTfiz %yk; ntw;wpfukhf tpz;zpy; VtpaJ. 615 fp.fp. vil nfhz;l RISAT – 2BGtp fz;fhzpg;G nraw;iff;Nfhs; Ntshz;ik> fhLfs; kw;Wk; Nghplh; njhlh;ghd glq;fis vLj;jJ g+kpf;F mDg;Gk;. ,J ISROMy; Vw;fdNt 2009,y; mDg;gg;gl;l RISAT 2 nraw;iff;NfhSf;F khw;whf mikAk;.

Gtpapy; cs;s nghUl;fspd; msT> fl;likg;Gfs;> ,af;fk; kw;Wk; khw;wk; Nghd;w $Ljy; tptuq;fis mjd; X-fw;iw nraw;ifj; Jis Nulhuhy; toq;f KbAk;. ,e;jj; juTfs; rhjhuz xsp njhiyAzh; nraw;iff;Nfhs;fspd; juitg; g+h;j;jpnra;Ak;. Nkfk;> kio & ,utpy; juTfs; Njitg;gLk; epWtdq;fSf;F ,j;jifa juT gaDs;sjhf mikAk;.

‘Artemis’ 2024epyTj; jpl;lj;Jf;fhd fhy ml;ltiz:

epyTf;F tpz;ntsp tPuh;fis mDg;Gk; „Mh;bkp];‟ jpl;lj;jpw;fhd fhy ml;ltizia ehrh epWtdk; rkPgj;jpy; ntspapl;Ls;sJ. vl;Lj; jpl;lkplg;gl;l VTjiyAk;> 2024Mk; Mz;Lf;Fs; epytpd; Rw;Wg;ghijapy; xU rpW epiyak; mikj;jy; MfpaitAk; ,jpy; mlq;Fk;. nghJthf epyT njhlh;Gila tpz;ntspj; jpl;lq;fSf;F mg;NghNyh; vdg; ngahplg;gLtJ tof;fk;.

Mh;bkp]; vd;gJ fpNuf;fg; Guhzq;fspy; Ntl;il> tdk; &epytpd; ngz; nja;tkhff; Fwpf;fg;gLk; mg;NghNyhtpd; rNfhjhpapd; ngauhFk;. „Acceleration (KLf;fk;)>Reconnection (kWfhe;j miy ,izT)>Turbulence(nfhe;jspg;G)> kw;Wk; Electrodynamics of the Moon‟s Interaction with the

Sun(Qhapw;Wldhd jpq;fspd; ,ilaPl;L tpidapd; kpd;dpaf;ftpay;)‟ vd;gjd; RUf;fNk „ARTEMIS‟vd;gjhFk;.

Artemis1 vd;gJ 2020Mk; Mz;Lf;fhd gzpf;FO mw;w epyTj; jpl;lk; vdTk;> mjw;fLj;J tUk; Artemis2 vd;gJ 2022Mk; Mz;Lf;fhd gzpf;FO cila epyTj; jpl;lk; vdTk;>Artemis 3 vd;gJ 2024Mk; Mz;Lf;fhd xU ngz; cl;gl tpz;ntsp tPuh;fis epyTf;F mDg;Gk; jpl;lk; vdTk; ehrh eph;thfp [pk; gphpld;];ild; njhptpj;Js;shh;. ,e;j %d;W jpl;lq;fSk; Nghapq; VTfiz %yk; tpz;Zf;F Vtg;gLk;.

bahd;`{ II-01 nraw;iff; Nfhs;fs;:

rPdhthdJ ,uz;L bahd; P̀ II-01nraw;iff; Nfhs;fis jdJ Base 25 vd;wwpag;gLk; ijA+ahd; nraw;iff; Nfhs; VT jsj;jpypUe;J nrYj;jpAs;sJ.


mwptpay; Ma;Tfs;> epy tsq;fs;> Gtpapay; Ma;T kw;Wk; tiuglkply; Mfpait ,e;j nraw;iff; Nfhs;fspd; Kf;fpa Nehf;fq;fshFk;.

,e;jr; nraw;iff; Nfhs;fshdJ rhq; nrq; 48 vd;wwpag;gLk; yhq; khu;r; 48 (Long March 4B) vd;w nrYj;J thfdk; %yk; nrYj;jg;gl;lJ.

,J yhq; khu;r; 4B (Long March 4B) nrYj;J thfdj;jpd; 303tJ ntw;wpfukhd nrYj;jy; MFk;.

99942 mNghgp]; FWq;Nfhs;:

jw;nghOJ tiu fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;Ls;s Mgj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk; jpwDs;s 2000 FWq;Nfhs;fspy; 99942 mNghgp]; FWq;NfhSk; xd;whFk;.

,J 2004 Mk; Mz;by; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lJ.

,J G+kpf;F mUfpy; cs;s xU FWq;NfhshFk;.

vdNt> mjd; Rw;Wg; ghijahdJ ,e;jf; FWq;Nfhisg; G+kpf;F mUfpy; nfhz;L tUk;.

2029 Mk; Mz;L Vg;uy; 13 md;W G+kpapd; ghijapy; ,J tUtjw;F 2.7 rjtpfpj tha;g;Gfs; cs;sd.

,e;j tha;g;ghdJ njhupNdh msTNfhypy; mjpf kjpg;gPl;bidg; ngw;Ws;sJ.

njhupNdh msTNfhy;:

njhupNdh msTNfhy; vd;gJ FWq;Nfhs;fs; kw;Wk; thy; el;rj;jpuq;fs; Nghd;w G+kpf;F mUfpy; cs;s nghUl;fs; jhf;Ftjw;fhd Mgj;jpid tifg;gLj;Jk; KiwahFk;.

,e;j msTNfhypy; 0 Kjy; 10 tiuapy; kjpg;Gfs; cs;sd.

kpfTk; mghafukhd epfo;Tfs; kpf mjpf njhupNdh msTNfhy; kjpg;gpdhy; Fwpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

tpkhdj;jpw;Fs; ,izar; Nrit toq;fg;gly;:

mLj;j %d;W khjq;fspy; ru;tNjr tpkhd epWtdq;fs; ,e;jpa thd;gFjpapy; gwf;Fk; NghJ gazpfSf;F ,izar; Nritia mspf;ftpUf;fpd;wd.

cs;ehl;L tpkhdq;fs; ,ijr; nray;gLj;Jtjw;F $Ljy; fhy mtfhrk; vLj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;.

3000 kPl;lu; cauj;jpw;F Nky; tpkhdk; nrd;w gpd;G Gtpepiyj; Jizf;Nfhs; %yk; ,izar; Nritiag; ngWk;.

,e;jr; nraw;iff; Nfhs;fs; tpkhdj;jpd; miy thq;fpf;F Neubahf rkpf;iQfis mDg;Gk;.

,e;jpahtpd; ,d;rhl; nraw;iff; Nfhs; kl;LNk ,e;jg; gad;ghl;bw;fhf mDkjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

nraw;iff; Nfhs;fspd; %yk; ,izaj;jpd; Neub njhlu;ghdJ gpd;tUtdtw;wpd; %yk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gltpUf;fpd;wJ. Kufw;iw - 12-18 [pfhn`u;l;]; (GHz)

Ka fw;iw - 26-40 [pfhn`u;l;]; (GHz).

Mjpj;ah LI:

,e;jpa tpz;ntsp Muha;r;rp epWtdkhdJ (Indian Space Research Organization - ISRO)mLj;j Mz;bd; njhlf;fj;jpy; R+upaid Ma;T nra;tjw;fhf “Mjpj;ah L1” vd;w ngauplg;gl;l xU tpz;ntspf; fyid tpz;Zf;F mDg;gj; jpl;lkpl;bUf;fpd;wJ.

R+upaid Ma;T nra;tjw;fhd ,e;jpahtpd; KjyhtJ jpl;lk; ,JthFk;.


,J R+upa-Gtp mikg;gpd; nyf;uhQ;rpad; (L1)vd;w Gs;spiar; Rw;wpAs;s Rw;W tl;lg; ghijapy; ,izf;fg;gltpUf;fpd;wJ.

L1Rw;W tl;lg; ghijapy; epiy epWj;jg;gl;l nraw;iff; Nfhs;fshy; kl;LNk fpufzq;fs; ,d;wp R+upaidj; njhlu;e;J fhz KbAk;.

\Pghf;]; nraw;iff; Nfhs;:

ypd;f; ];Ng]; vd;w rPdh ];;lhu;l; mg; epWtdj;ijr; Nru;e;j nghwpahsu;fs; 8 kPl;lu; cauKila> kPz;Lk; gad;gLj;jf; $ba xU tpz;ntspf; fyid fle;j thuk; gupNrhjpj;jdu;.

,e;j tpz;ntspf; fyidg; gad;gLj;jp kpfr; rpwpa> tpiy Fiwe;j \Pghf;]; vDk; nraw;iff; Nfhis tpz;Zf;F mDg;g mtu;fs; jpl;lkpl;Ls;sdu;.

,jd; vil 10 fpNyh fpuhkpw;F Fiwthf ,Ug;gjhy; \Pghf;]; (fhydpg;ngl;b) vd;W ,J miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

,J Nghd;w \Pghf;]; nraw;iff; Nfhs;fSf;F mjpf Njit ,Uf;Fk; vd;W Muha;r;rpahsu;fs; vjpu;ghu;f;fpd;wdu;.

,tw;iw tpkhdq;fSf;fhd mjpNtf ,iza trjp> epyf;fup Vw;Wkjpfis fz;fhzpj;jy;> gs;spfs;/fy;Y}upfs; elj;Jk; gupNrhjidfs; Nghd;w NritfSf;Fg; gad;gLj;j KbAk;.

,];Nuhtpd; iurhl; - 3BRI

,];NuhthdJ mjd; Nulhu; tiugl nraw;iff; Nfhshd iurhl; - 2BRII Me;jpug; gpuNjrj;jpd; =`upNfhl;lhtpy; ,Ue;J nrYj;jTs;sJ.

,e;j VTjyhdJ iurhl; - 2Af;Fg; gpwF 2020 Mk; Mz;by; nrYj;Jtjhf jpl;;lkplg;gl;bUe;jJ. Mdhy; jw;NghJ Kd;$l;bNa nrYj;jg;glTs;sJ.

njhiyAzu; nraw;iff; Nfhshd iurhl; MdJ rpe;njbf; mngu;r;ru; Nulhiug; gad;gLj;jp midj;J fhyepiyfspYk; fz;fhzpg;ig toq;Ffpd;wJ.

iurhl; nraw;iff; Nfhs;fshdJ ,];Nuhtpd; midj;J fhyepiyapYk; fz;fhzpf;Fk; jd;ikAila KjyhtJ nraw;iff; Nfhs;fshFk;.

,it ghJfhg;Gg; gilfSf;F vy;iyg; gFjp CLUty;fis fz;lwpa ,uT kw;Wk; gfy; Neuq;fspy; G+kpapd; kPJ njhlu;r;rpahd fz;fhzpg;ig toq;Fk; tifapy; tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

,e;jr; nraw;iff; NfhshdJ ,];NuhTf;Fr; nrhe;jkhd JUt nraw;iff; Nfhs; nrYj;J thfdkhd PSLV-C46-d; %yk; nrYj;jg;glTs;sJ.

NkYk; ,];NuhthdJ mjd; epyg;gltpay; nraw;iff;Nfhshd fhu;Nlhrhl;-3ia kw;w rpwpa ghJfhg;G nraw;iff; Nfhs;fSld; Nru;j;J nrYj;j jpl;lkpl;Ls;sJ.

iurhl; nraw;iff; Nfhs;fs;:

iurhl; MdJ ,];Nuhthy; nrYj;jg;gl cs;s midj;J fhyepiyfspYk; G+kpiaf; fz;fhzpf;Fk; nraw;iff; Nfhs; tifapd; Kjy; tupir MFk;.

,e;j Nulhu; tiugl nraw;iff; Nfhs;fshdJ rpe;njbf; mngu;r;ru; Nulhiug; gad;gLj;jp midj;J fhyepiyfspYk; G+kpiaf; fz;fhzpf;Fk; tifapy; tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

2009 Mk; Mz;L Vg;uy; 20 Mk; ehs; iurhl; - 2 MdJ iurhl; -1f;F Kd;djhfNt Rw;Wg;ghijapy; epiy epWj;jg;gl;lJ.

iurhl;-1 MdJ PSLV-C19 %yk; 2012 Mk; Mz;L Vg;uy; 26 md;W 5 Mz;L fhy nray;ghl;bw;fhf ntw;wpfukhf tpz;zpy; nrYj;jg;gl;lJ.


,J ,];Nuh %yk; tbtikf;fg;gl;L cUthf;fg;gl;l Kjy; cs;ehl;L ikf;NuhNtt; njhiyAzu; nraw;iff; NfhshFk;.

khWgf;ff; nfhOg;Gfs;:

njhopw;rhiyfspy; jahupf;fg;gl;l khWgf;ff; nfhOg;Gfis xopg;gjw;fhf cyf Rfhjhu epWtdkhdJ ru;tNjr czT kw;Wk; ghdf; $l;bizTld; (IFBA - International Food and Beverage

Alliance) ,ize;Js;sJ.

gjg;gLj;jg;gl;l cztpd; Rit> mikg;G kw;Wk; fhy msT Mfpatw;iw Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf nraw;ifahd khWgf;ff; nfhOg;Gfisg; czTj; jahupg;ghsu;fs; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdu;.

,e;j czT tiffspy; khWgf;ff; nfhOg;ghdJ>“gFjp i`l;u[Ndw;wg;gl;l vz;nza;fs;” vd;W gl;bayplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

i`l;;u[Nd\d; MdJ jput vz;nza;fis jplkhf;Fk;. mJ mtw;iwf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; cztpd; MAl; fhyk; kw;Wk; Ritia mjpfupf;Fk;.

NkYk; ,J Fwpj;j jfty;fSf;F ,q;Nf nfhLf;fTk; https//WWW.tnpscthervupettagam.com/awareness-

of - trans-acids-tfa/ Njjp:18:02:19.

jPa tpisTfs;:

khWgf;ff; nfhOg;GfshdJ Fiwe;j mlu;j;jp nfhz;l jPa ypg;Ngh Gujq;fs; (LDL - LOW density

lipoproteins)Mfpatw;iwf; Fiwf;fpd;wJ.

mjpfgl;r LDLnfhOg;ghdJ ,Uja Nehia Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

,jaj; jkdp Nehapdhy; cyf mstpy; 5>00>000 ,wg;GfSf;F khWgf;ff; nfhOg;G fhuzkhf mikfpd;wJ.

ISSf;Fg; nghUl;fis nfhz;L nry;Yk; jpl;lk;:

];Ng]; XepWtdkhdJ ehrhtpw;fhf ru;tNjr tpz;ntsp ikaj;jpw;F (International Space Station-

ISS)nghUl;fis nfhz;Lr; nry;tjw;fhf buhfd; tpz;fyj;ij ntw;wpfukhf tpz;zpy; nrYj;jpAs;sJ.

,J ghy;fd; 9 uhf;nfl; %yk; g;Nshuplhtpd; Nfg; Nfdhntuypy; ,Ue;J nrYj;jg;gl;lJ. Kjd;Kiwahf ,e;j uhf;nfl; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,J ISS-y; jq;fp gzpGupAk; tpz;ntsp tPuu;fSf;fhd Ma;Tg; nghUl;fs;> nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; td;nghUl;fs; Mfpatw;iw 17tJ kPs;toq;Fj; jpl;lj;jpd; xU gFjpahf Rke;J nrd;Ws;sJ.

,J 1900 fpNyhTf;Fk; mjpfkhd mstpy; Ma;Tg; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; ,ju nghUl;fSld; jpUk;gp tUtjw;F Kd;djhf 4 thu fhyk; mq;F jq;fp ,Uf;Fk;.

Mu;nrdpf; Rthrpj;jy;:

th\pq;ld; gy;fiyf; fofj;ijr; Nru;e;j Muha;r;rpahsu;fs; grpgpf; flypd; Nkw;Gwj;jpy; Mu;nrdpf;if Rthrpf;Fk; capupdq;fisf; fz;lwpe;Js;sdu;. ,e;jg; gFjpapy; Mf;]p[d; Kw;wpYk; fhzg;gLtjpy;iy.

Mu;nrdpf; Rthrpj;jyhdJ G+kpapy; capu;fspd; gupzhk tsu;r;rpapd; NghJ Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

me;jf; fhyfl;lj;jpy; fly; kw;Wk; fhw;W Mfpa ,uz;bYk; Mf;]p[d; msT Fiwthf ,Ue;jJ.

rpy capupayhsu;fs; ,e;j tif capupdq;fs; Rw;Wr;R+oYf;Fg; Gjpjy;y vd;Wk; ,it gupzhk tsu;r;rpapd; njhlf;fj;jpypUe;Nj ,Ug;gjhfTk; fUJfpd;wdu;.


[g;ghdpd; Kjy; jdpahu; uhf;nfl;:

,d;nlu;];nly;yhu; nlf;dhy[p epWtdkhdJ jdJ NkhNkh - 3 uhf;nfl;il tpz;zpy; nrYj;jpajd; %yk; [g;ghdpd; uhf;nfl; nrYj;Jk; Kjy; jdpahu; epWtdkhf khwpAs;sJ.

,e;epWtdkhdJ N`hf;ifNlh tpz;ntsp ikaj;jpypUe;J NkhNkh-3 uhf;nfl;il ntw;wpfukhf nrYj;jpaJ.

,J 2017-y; NkhNkh 1 uhf;nfl;il KjyhtJ jdpahu; epWtd uhf;nfl;lhf nrYj;j Kaw;rpj;jJ. Mdhy; mJ Njhy;tpaile;jJ.

2018-,y; ,jd; ,uz;lhtJ Kaw;rpahdJ NkhNkh 2d; %yk; nra;ag;gl;lJ. Mdhy; mJTk; nrYj;jg;gl;l 4 tpehbfspy; ntbj;Jr; rpjwpaJ.

NkYk; ,e;epWtdkhdJ 2020 Mk; Mz;lstpy; Rw;Wtl;lg; ghijapy; rpwpa nraw;iff; Nfhis nrYj;jf; $ba KO mstpyhd uhf;nfl;il cUthf;fj; jpl;lkpl;Ls;sJ.

nlq;Ftpw;F Kjy; jLg;G+rp:

mnkupf;fhtpd; czT kw;Wk; kUe;J epu;thfkhdJ nlq;F fha;r;rYf;fhd Kjy; jLg;G+rpahd „nlq;f;thf;]pah‟ tpw;F (Dengvaxiz)xg;Gjy; mspj;Js;sJ.

Mdhy; Neha;j; njhw;wpid Vw;fdNtg; ngw;wpUf;Fk; kf;fSf;F kl;LNk ,e;j nlq;F jLg;G+rpapidg; gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;w rpy epge;jidfisAk; Kd;itj;Js;sJ.

capUs;s tPupak; Fiwe;j nlq;F itui]f; nfhz;l ,e;jj; jLg;G+rpahdJ %d;W jtizfspy; NehahspfSf;F mspf;fg;gLk;.

CYD-TDUvd;wwpag;gLk; ,e;jj; jLg;G+rpahdJ Nrhdh/gp gh];BA+u; vDk; epWtdj;jhy; jahupf;fg;gLfpwJ.

2015 Mk; Mz;bNyNa Kjd;Kjypy; ,jw;F xg;Gjy; mspj;j Kjy; ehL nkf;]pNfh MFk;.

cyfpd; kpfr;rpwpag; glg;Gs;spfs; (Pixel):

“mwptpay; Kd;Ndw;wq;fs;”vd;w gj;jpupf;ifapy; ntspapl;Ls;s Muha;r;rp mwpf;ifapd;gb> Muha;r;rpahsu;fs; cyfpd; kpfr; rpwpa glg; Gs;spfisf; fz;lwpe;Js;sdu;.

,e;jg; glg; Gs;spfs; rhjhuzj; jpwd;Ngrp glg; Gs;spfis tpl kpy;ypad; klq;F kpfr; rpwpaJ.

,tw;iwg; gpufhrkhd R+upa xspapy; fhz KbAk;. vdNt ,it Mw;wiyr; Nrkpf;Fk; jpwd; nfhz;lJ.

,e;jg; Gs;spfs; jq;fj;jpd; kpfr;rpwpa Jfs;fspypUe;J jahupf;fg;gLfpd;wd (msT-kPl;liu tpl gy kpy;ypad; klq;F FiwT).

,e;jg; Gs;spfs; ghypmdpiydpd; nky;ypa xl;Lk; G+r;Rld; gpujpgypg;Gg; gug;gpy; rpf;fpf; nfhs;fpd;wd.

,e;jg; G+r;rhdJ kpd;rhuk; nrYj;jg;gl;lTld; ,urhadkhf khWfpd;wJ. ,jdhy; glg; Gs;spfshdJ epwkhiy KOtJk; midj;J tz;zq;fisAk; fhz;gpf;fpd;wJ.

khdt; tiuglk;:

capupj; njhopy;El;gj; JiwahdJ “khdt;: kdpj tiugl Kd;ndLg;G” vd;w xU Gjpa jpl;lj;ij mwpKfg;gLj;jpAs;sJ.

kdpj clypd; midj;Jg; gFjpfisAk; tiuglkpLk; KjyhtJ jpl;lk; ,JthFk;


,j;jpl;lkhdJ capup mwptpay; ghlj;jpd; gpd;dzpAld; gl;lg; gbg;gpy; ,Wjpahz;L my;yJ mjw;F Nky; gbj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; khztu;fshy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gltpUf;fpd;wJ.

,e;j tiuglkhdJ rhjhuz epiy kw;Wk; Nehapd; epiy Mfpa kdpj clypaypd; ,uz;L epiyfs; Fwpj;j jfty;fisf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;.

,e;j tiuglkhdJ gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; cjttpUf;fpd;wJ. Neha;f;fhd fhuzq;fisf; fz;lwpjy; Fwpg;gpl;l topfisg; Gupe;J nfhs;Sjy; nry;fs; kw;Wk; jpRf;fSld; njhlu;Gila clypy; cs;s Nehapd; epiyiaf; fz;lwpjy;.

Muha;r;rpahsu;fs; kw;Wk; kUj;Jttpayhsu;fs; MfpNahu;fisj; jtpu;j;J ,e;j tiuglkhdJ kUe;J cw;gj;jpahsu;fSf;Fk; cjttpUf;fpd;wJ.

Gjpa jiyKiw nefpopg; nghUl;fs;:

yhud;]; ngu;f;Ny Njrpa Ma;tfj;ijr; Nru;e;j mnkupf;f Muha;r;rpahsu;fisf; nfhz;l xU FOthdJ kWRow;rp nra;ag;glf;$ba Gjpa jiyKiw nefpopfis cUthf;fpAs;sJ.

,J ghyp ilf;Nlhvdikd; my;yJ gpbNf nefpop vd;W ngauplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,tw;iwj; juk; kw;Wk; nray;ghl;bd; ,og;G ,y;yhky; epwk;> tbtk; kw;Wk; cUtk; nfhz;l xU Gjpa nghUshf kWRow;rp nra;a KbAk;.

,J vt;thW NtWgLfpd;wJ?

eilKiwapy; cs;s nefpopfshdJ ghypku;fshy; jahupf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

Nkhnku;fs; vdg;gLk; kPz;Lk; epfOk; Fiwe;j msT fhu;gd; myFfisf; nfhz;Ls;s nghUl;fis ghypku;fs; nfhz;bUf;Fk;.

,e;j Nkhnku;fSld; Nru;f;fg;gLk; $Ljyhd ,urhadq;fs; gpupf;f Kbahj gpizg;Gfis Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wd.

kpf mjpfkhf kWRow;rp nra;ag;gLk;PET (ghyp vj;jpyPd; nlug;jNyl;) vd;w nefpopAk; $l 20-30 rjtpfpjk; vd;w mstpy; jhd; kWRow;rp nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ.

Mdhy; PDKnefpopapy; cs;s NkhNdhnku;fis mjpf mkpyj; jd;ik nfhz;l fiurypy; itj;J vLg;gjd; %yk; $l;Lr; Nru;f;ifg; nghUl;fspypUe;J gpupj;njLf;f KbAk;.

tpiy Fiwthd Nehawpjy; Nrhjid:

Kk;igapy; cs;s Njrpa Neha;j;jLg;G Ma;tpay; epWtdkhdJ gpd;tUtdtw;iwf; fz;lwptjw;fhf tpiy Fiwthd “gha;d;l; Mg; Nfu;” vd;w tpiuthd Nehawpjy; Nrhjidia tbtikj;Js;sJ. kpff; fLikahd P̀Nkhgpypah A

Nthd; tpy;ypgpuhz;l; Neha; (VWD - Von Willebrand Disease)

NkNy Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s 2 Neha;fisf; nfhz;l Nehahspfs; %isapypUe;J ,uj;jf; frpT> %f;F my;yJ <WfspypUe;J ,uj;jf; frpT Nghd;w capUf;F Mgj;J tpistpf;Fk; tpisTfisf; nfhz;bUg;ghu;fs;.

,e;jpa kUj;Jt Muha;r;rpf; FOtpd;gb ,e;j gupNrhjidg; nghUl;fspd; kjpg;G &.50 MFk;. Mdhy; ,tw;wpd; jw;Nghija kjpg;G &.4000 Kjy; &.10>000 tiuahf cs;sJ.


VWD:

,J fhzg;glhj my;yJ FiwghL nfhz;l Nthd; tpy;ypgpuhz;L fhuzpapdhy; (Von Willebrand Factor

- VWF) Vw;glf;$ba xU kugZf; NfhshwhFk;.

VWFvd;gJ xU ,uj;jf; frpTg; GujkhFk;.

,uj;jg;Nghf;F Vw;gLk;NghJ VWFMdJ ,uj;jj; jl;il mZf;fis xd;whf ,izg;gjw;Fk; ,uj;jg; Nghf;ifj; jLf;f xU ciwit cUthf;Ftjw;Fk; cjTfpd;wJ.

FiwghL cs;s kf;fs; Nghjpa VWF-If; nfhz;bUg;gjpy;iy.

vdNt> ,J ,uj;jk; ciwaTk; ,uj;jf; frpitj; jLf;fTk; mjpf Neuj;ij vLj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;.

gpugQ;rj;jpd; Fspupy; ,Ue;J kpd;rhuk;:

];lhd;/Nghu;L gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd; mwptpayhsu;fs; Kjd;Kiwahf gpugQ;rj;jpd; Fspupd; mfr;rptg;G xspkpd; ,UthapypUe;J mstplf; $ba mstpw;F kpd; cw;gj;jp nra;tJ rhj;jpak; vd nray;Kiw tpsf;fk; mspj;Js;sdu;.

,e;j mfr;rptg;G Fiwf;flj;jpfshdJ kpd;rhu cw;gj;jpf;fhf G+kpf;Fk; tpz;ntspf;FkpilNaahd ntg;gepiy NtWghl;ilg; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

,e;jg; Gjpa rhjdkhdJ xU rJu kPl;lUf;F 64 ehNdh thl;]; vd;w mstpw;F kpd;rhuj;ij cw;gj;jp nra;fpd;wJ.

cyfpd; Kjy; ngw;Nwhh; thupahd kugZ:

Njrpa ghy;nghUl;fs; Nkk;ghl;L thupakhdJ cyfpy; Kjy;Kiwahf “NDDB ABRO

Murrah”vd;wiof;fg;glf;$ba ejpePu; vUikfspd; xU KOikahd re;jjpapdu; thupahd kugZj; njhFg;ig cUthf;fpAs;sJ.

,J cs;ehl;L fhy;eilapdq;fs; kw;Wk; mtw;wpd; fyg;gpdq;fSf;nfd cUthf;fg;gl;l xU jpUj;jpaikf;fg;gl;l kuGtop rpy;Ythd ,e;J rpg; (INDUSCHIP)vd;gjpd; ntw;wpfukhd Jtf;fj;jpw;Fg; gpwF fz;lwpag;gl;Ls;sJ.

rpwe;j Jy;ypaj; jd;ikia cWjp nra;tjw;fhf> Kjd;Kiwahf xU vUikapd; jdp Kiwikiag; gpupg;gjw;fhf jha;> je;ij> re;jjp Mfpa %d;iwAk; nfhz;l Kg;gpizg;G KiwahdJ gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

kpfg;ngupa jpl;lq;fs;:

,e;jpa tpz;ntsp Muha;r;rp epWtdkhdJ (Indian Space Research Organisation - ISRO)re;jpuahd; - 2 cs;spl;l VO kpfg;ngupa jpl;lq;fSf;Fj; jpl;lkpl;Ls;sjhf rkPgj;jpy; mwptpj;Js;sJ.

,it mLj;j gj;J Mz;L fhyj;jpy; tpz;ntspapy; nrYj;jg;gltpUfpd;wd.

NkYk; ,J mLj;j 30 Mz;LfSf;fhd njhiyNehf;Fj; jpl;lj;ijAk; jahupj;Js;sJ.

jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sj; jpl;lq;fs; gpd;tUkhW

jpl;lk; Ma;tpd; Nehf;fk; re;jpuahd; - 2 epyT kq;fs;ahd; - 2 nrt;tha; Mjpj;ah - vy; 1 R+upad; nts;spj; jpl;lk; nts;sp re;jpu JUt Ma;T epyT vf;];Nghrhl; (XPOSAT) mz;lf; fjpupaf;fk; ntsp cyfpw;F mg;ghy; (Exoworlds) R+upaf; FLk;gj;jpw;F mg;ghy; epfo;j;jg;gLk; Ma;T


ISROepWtdk; re;jpuahd;-2>XPOSATkw;Wk; Mjpj;ah - vy;1 Mfpa %d;W jpl;lq;fis kl;LNk nray;gLj;Jtjhf mwptpj;Js;sJ.

kw;w midj;Jj; jpl;lq;fSk; jpl;lkplg;gLk; epiyapy; cs;s kw;Wk; ,Wjp tbtk; ngwhj jpl;lq;fshFk;.

goikahd gdp Afk;:

rpfhNfh gy;fiyf; fofj;ijr; Nru;e;j Muha;r;rpahsu;fs;> gdp Afj;ijr; Nru;e;j fly; ePupd; kPjKs;stw;iwf; fz;lwpe;Js;sdu;.

,tu;fs; khyj;jPit cUthf;Fk; Rz;zhk;Gf; fy; gbTfis Ma;T nra;Ak; NghJ ,tw;iwf; fz;Lgpbj;jdu;.

,e;j Ma;T Mo;Gtp khjpupf;fhd $l;Lf; flypay; epWtdq;fspd; (Joint Oceanographic Institutions for

Deep Earth Sampling - JOIDES) fg;gypypUe;J Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

Gtpapd; fUg;gFjpapd; khjpupfis Nrfupj;J mtw;iw Ma;T nra;tjw;fhf Mo;flypd; jiug; gug;gpw;Fs; Jisaplg;gl;lJ.

gUt epiy khw;wk;> Gtpapay; mikg;G kw;Wk; Gtpapd; tuyhW Mfpaitg; gw;wp mwpe;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhf Muha;r;rpahsu;fs; ,e;jj; jfty;fisg; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdu;.

Me;j;NuhNghrPd; fhyk;:

Me;j;NuhNghrPd; gzpf; FOtpy; cs;s 34 cWg;gpdu;fs; xU Gjpa Gtpapay; rfhg;jkhd Me;j;NuhNghrPd; fhyfl;lj;ijj; Nju;e;njLg;gjw;F Mjuthf 29-4 vd;w fzf;fpy; thf;fspj;Js;sdu;.

,J 11>700 Mz;LfSf;F Kd; njhlq;fpa N`hNyhrPd; fhyfl;lj;jpd; Kbitf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ.

Me;j;NuhNghrPd; vd;w nrhw;$whdJ Nehgy; gupR ngw;wtuhd ghy; F&l;nrd; kw;Wk; A+[{d; ];Nlhu;nkd; MfpNahuhy; 2000 Mk; Mz;by; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

Me;j;NuhNghrPd; fhyfl;lk; kdpj eltbf;iffs; G+kpapd; kPJ cs;s gy epiyikfs; kw;Wk; nray;Kiwfs; Mfpatw;iw khw;wpAs;sijf; Fwpf;ff; $ba jw;Nghija Gtpapay; fhyfl;lkhFk;.

Muha;r;rpahsu;fs; Me;j;NuhNghrPd; fhyfl;lj;ij cUthf;fpa “jq;ff; FwpaPl;il” vjpu;ghu;j;J Ma;T nra;J tUfpd;wdu;.

jq;ff; FwpaPL vd;gJ Gjpa rfhg;jj;ij cUthf;fj; J}z;Lk; xU ru;tNjr mstpyhd FwpaPlhFk;.

FAg;gu; gl;il:

FAg;gu; gl;il vd;gJ R+upa kz;lyj;jpw;F ntspg; Gwj;jpy; cs;s jl;L Nghd;w xU mikg;ghFk;.

,J G+kpapypUe;J Njhuhakhf 6.4 gpy;ypad; fpNyh kPl;lu; njhiytpy; mike;Js;sJ.

,J kdpjdhy; ,Jtiu fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l kpfj; njhiytpy; cs;s xU cyfkhFk;.

Fag;gu; gl;ilahdJ mjpfhug; G+u;tkhf mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;l gpd;tUk; %d;W FWq;Nfhs;fSf;Fj; jhafkhf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. GSl;Nlh

`t;kpah Nkf;Nkf;

GSl;Nlh Kjypy; xU Nfhshff; fUjg;gl;lJ. Mdhy; FAg;gu; gl;ilapd; xU gFjpahf GSl;NlhthdJ 2006 Mk; Mz;by; xU FWq;Nfhshf kPz;Lk; tifg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

FAg;gu; gl;ilapDs; ,Uf;Fk; nghUl;fs; neg;bA+dpw;F mg;ghy; cs;s nghUl;fshff; fUjg;gLfpd;wd.


my;bkh JNy:

my;bkh JNy vd;w tpz;nghUspd; Nkw;gug;gpy; gdpf;fl;b ePu;> nkj;jdhy; kw;Wk; fupk %yf;$Wfs; Mfpa jdpj;Jtk; tha;e;j fyit ,Ug;gjw;fhd Mjhuj;ij ehrh fz;lwpe;Js;sJ.

jw;nghOJ tiu tpz;fyj;jpdhy; Ma;T nra;ag;gl;l gdpg; nghUl;fspypUe;J kpfTk; NtWgl;ljhf ,e;jf; fyit cs;sJ.

my;bkh JNy vd;gJ njhiyJ}uj;jpy; cs;s xU mwpag;glhj cyfk; vd;gijf; Fwpf;Fk; xU fpNuf;f - ,yj;jpd; nrhw;$whFk;.

,jd; mwptpay; ngau; 2014MU69 vd;gjhFk;.

,J jw;nghOJ nray;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; epA+ `huprd;]; jpl;lj;jpd; xU gFjpahf `gps; tpz;ntsp njhiyNehf;fpiag; gad;gLj;jp khu;f; G+a; vd;gtuhy; 2014 Mk; Mz;by; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lJ.

,J neg;bA+Df;F mg;ghy; FAg;gu; gl;ilapy; (Kuiper belt) mike;Js;s xU tpz;nghUshFk;.

epA+ `huprd; jpl;lkhdJ FAg;gu; gl;ilapy; cs;s nghUl;fisf; fz;lwptjw;fhf 2006 Mk; Mz;by; njhlq;fg;gl;lJ.

epytpy; ngz;:

“Mu;l;bkp];” vd;w jpl;lj;ijr; nray;gLj;Jtjw;fhd fhyj;ij ehrh ntspapl;Ls;sJ.

,e;jj; jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fk; epytpw;F tpz;ntsp tPuu;fis vLj;Jr; nry;tjhFk;. ,J Fwpg;ghf epytpy; Kjy; ngz; tPuhq;fid jiuapwq;Ftij Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

mg;NghNyh epyTj; jpl;lk; fpNuf;f flTshd mg;NghNyh epidthf ngauplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

Mu;l;bkp]; vd;gJ fpNuf;fg; Guhzj;jpy; mg;NghNyhtpd; ,ul;ilr; rNfhjupfs; MFk;.

jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;s Mu;l;bkp]; tupirapyhd jpl;lq;fs; gpd;tUkhW

Mu;l;bkp]; 1 epyitr; Rw;wp nrYj;jg;gltpUf;Fk; xU Mspy;yh tpz;ntspj; jpl;lk;

Mu;l;bkp]; 2 epyitr; Rw;wp nrYj;jg;gltpUf;Fk; kdpju;fisf; nfhz;l xU jpl;lk;

Mu;l;bkp]; 3 Kjy; ngz; tpz;ntsp tPuhq;fid cs;gl tpz;ntsp tPuu;fs; epytpy; jiuapwq;FtJ

,e;j %d;W jpl;lq;fSk; xU kpfg;ngupa nrYj;J thfdkhd Nghapq; %ykhd tpz;ntsp nrYj;J mikg;gpdhy; nrYj;jg;gltpUf;fpd;wd.

,tw;iwj; jtpu;j;J> ,e;jj; jpl;lk; epytpd; Jiz epiyakhd “Nfl;Nt” vDk; epiyaj;jpw;fhd fl;Lkhdj; njhFjpfisAk; nfhz;L nry;ytpUf;fpd;wJ.

,e;jj; jpl;lr; nrYj;Jjy;fs; jdpahu; tpz;ntsp epWtdq;fshy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gltpUf;fpd;wd.


Rw;Wr;R+oy; epfo;Tfs;

Clfk; kw;Wk; gUt epiy khw;wk;:

gUt epiy eltbf;if kw;Wk; Ngupliu vjph;nfhs;Sjy; kPjhd Mrpa-grpgpf; xspgug;G $l;likg;G (AUB – Asia Pacific Broadcasting Union) Clf khehl;bd; 5-tJ gjpg;ghdJ fhj;khz;Ltpy; elj;jg;gl;lJ.

,uz;L ehs; khehl;bd; fUj;JUthdJ>“ePbj;j vjpu;fhyj;jpw;fhd Clfj; jPu;Tfs;: capu;fisg; ghJfhj;jy;> typikahd r%fq;fisff; fl;likj;jy;” vd;gjhFk;.

,e;j khehlhdJ gpd;tUtdtw;iw Nehf;fq;fshff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. gUt epiy eltbf;if kw;Wk; Nghpliu vjpu; nfhs;Sjiy Cf;Ftpg;gjw;F Clfj;jpd;

jpwidg; gad;gLj;Jjy;. xj;Jiog;G kw;Wk; $l;L nray;Kiwj; jpl;lq;fSf;fhf gq;Fjhuu;fis Clf cWg;gpdu;fSld;

,izj;jy;.

AUB MdJ 1964 Mk; Mz;by; njhlq;fg;gl;lJ. ,jd; jiyikafk; Nfhyhk;g+upy; mike;Js;sJ.

twz;L nfhz;bUf;Fk; tlfpof;F ,e;jpah:

,e;jpahtpd; <ug;gjk; kpf;f gFjpfspy; tlfpof;F ,e;jpahTk; xd;whFk;.

Mdhy; ,J fle;j 30 Mz;Lfshf kpf Ntfkhf twz;L nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.

GNdtpy; cs;s ,e;jpa ntg;gkz;ly thdpiyapay; epWtdk; kw;Wk; m];]hk; gy;fiyf;fofk; Mfpatw;iwr; Nru;e;j Muha;r;rpahsu;fs; ,jw;fhd fhuzj;ij Ma;T nra;jdu;.

Fiwe;j gUt kiog; nghopthdJ Jiz ntg;gkz;lyg; grpgpf; flypd; ,aw;if khw;wq;fSld; njhlu;GilaJ vd;W mtu;fs; $wpAs;sdu;.

vtnu];l; kiyapy; cs;s fopTg; nghUl;fs;:

NeghskhdJ 45 ehl;fs; eilngWk; vtnu];l; kiyiar; Rj;jg;gLj;Jk; Kfhikj; njhlq;fpAs;sJ.

,J vtnu];l; kiyapypUe;J 3000 fpNyhfpuhk; vil nfhz;l jplf; fopTfisr; Nrfupj;Js;sJ.

Nk 29 md;W ,e;j KfhkhdJ epiwT ngwtpUf;fpd;wJ.

1953 Mk; Mz;by; vl;kz;l; `py;yup kw;Wk; nld;rpq; ehu;Nf MfpNahuhy; vtnu];l; kiyapd; KjyhtJ khehL elj;jg;gl;lJ. ,J xt;nthU Mz;Lk; Nk 29 md;W mDrupf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

nfhz;ilf; fliy – kugZ gd;Kfj; jd;ik:

nfhz;ilf; fliyapd; (Cicer arietinum)kugZ gd;Kfj; jd;ikapid ru;tNjr Muha;r;rpahsu;fs; fz;lwpe;Js;sdu;.

,e;jj; jpl;lj;jpd; $l;L epWtdq;fs; gFjpasT twz;l ntg;g epiyg; gFjpf;fhd ,e;jpahtpd; ru;tNjrg; gapu;fs; Muha;r;rp epWtdk;

(International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics – ICRISAT)

rPdhtpd; gp[pI nrd;nrd;.

,e;jpahtpy; tpisAk; nfhz;ilf; fliyapd; 176 tupirfs; cs;spl;l 429 kugZf;fspd; tupirahf;fj;ij Muha;r;rpahsu;fs; epiwT nra;Js;sdu;.

,e;jj; jpl;lkhdJ gpd;tUk; gz;Gfisf; nfhz;l nfhz;ilf; fliyapd; Gjpa ,dq;fis cUthf;Ftij Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. mjpf kfR+y;


Neha; kw;Wk; g+r;rpfis vjpu;j;jy; gUtepiy khw;wj;ij vjpu;j;jy;

nfhz;ilf; fliy vd;gJ cyfpy; kpfg; gutyhf tsUk; mtiu tiffspy; ,uz;lhk; ,lj;jpy; cs;sJ.

gj;jhz;L fhy grpgpf; miyTfs;:

gj;jhz;L fhy grpgpf; miyTfs; (PDO – Pacific decadal oscillation) vd;gJ Fwpg;ghf tl grpgpf; flypy; epfOk; miyTfspd; mikg;ghFk;.

,J tlfpof;F ,e;jpahtpd; Nfhilf;fhy gUtkiog; nghopitg; ghjpf;fpd;wJ.

PDO vd;gJ vy;epNdh> yh epNdhitg; Nghd;w xU fly; epfo;thFk;.

Mdhy; ,jd; jhf;fkhdJ gj;jhz;L fhyj;jpw;F ePbf;fpd;wJ.

gh[puht;:

nraw;ifr; R+oypy; itj;J tsu;f;fg;gl;l filrpahd xU nts;isg; GypahdJ Kk;igapy; cs;s rQ;ra; fhe;jp Njrpag; g+q;fhtpy; rkPgj;jpy; ,we;jJ.

nts;isg; GypahdJ Gypfspd; xU jdpj;j Jiz ,dq;fs; my;y.

,e;jg; Gypfs; gpd;tUk; fhuzq;fspdhy; nts;isahf ,Uf;fpd;wd. rptg;G my;yJ kQ;rs; epwKila “gpNahnkyidd;” vd;w epwkp Fiwthf ,Uj;jy;. jdpj;Jt xLq;F kugZf;fs; fhzg;gLjy;.

jw;nghOJ ,aw;if thoplq;fspy; nts;isg; Gyp ,dq;fs; ,y;iy.

nts;isg; GypahdJ kj;jpag; gpuNjrj;jpd; Nuth tdg; gFjpapy; filrpahf ,aw;ifahd Kiwapy; fhzg;gl;lJ.

rQ;ra; fhe;jp Njrpag; g+q;fh:

Kk;igj; jiyefu; gFjpf;Fs; jw;nghOJ mike;jpUf;Fk; Kf;fpakhd Njrpag; g+q;fhf;fspy; ,JTk; xd;whFk;.

,e;jg; g+q;fhthdJ ghiwf; Fd;WfspypUe;J nrJf;fg;gl;l 2400 Mz;Lfs; goik tha;e;j fd;N`up Fiffisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

,e;j ,lkhdJ kpf Kf;fpakhd Gj;j kjf; fy;tp ikakhFk;.

Gjpa tif Fopg; ghk;G:

mNrhf; Nfg;ld; jiyikapyhd Cu;td mwptpaiyr; Nru;e;j Muha;r;rpahsu;fs; rptg;G epwk; nfhz;l xU Gjpa tif Fopg; ghk;G ,dq;fisf; fz;lwpe;Js;sdu;.

,ij mtu;fs; mUzhr;ryg; gpuNjrj;jpd; Nkw;F fhnkq; tdg; gFjpfspy; fz;lwpe;Js;sdu;.

,J l;iunkupR&]; mUzhr;rnyd;rd; vd;W ngauplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

mUzhr;ryg; gpuNjrj;jpd; ngaupy; Fopg; ghk;igf; nfhz;l xNu khepyk; ,e;j khepyk; kl;LNk.

mUzhr;ryg; gpuNjrj;jpy; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l ,e;jg; ghk;G ,dj;jpw;F Kd;G 4 ,e;jpah gOg;G epwg; ghk;Gfisf; nfhz;L ,Ue;jJ.

Cu;td mwptpay; vd;gJ Cu;td kw;Wk; <upl tho;tpfisf; Fwpj;Jg; gbf;Fk; tpyq;fpaypd; xU gpupthFk;.


Mrpa rpq;fk;:

Mrpar; rpq;fj;jpd; xl;L nkhj;j kugZthdJ i`juhghj;jpy; cs;s rpv];IMu;-nry; kw;Wk; %yf;$W capupay; ikaj;ijr; (CSIR- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology)Nru;e;j Muha;r;rpahsu;fshy; Kjd;Kiwahf tupirahf;fg;gl;lJ.

,J Mrpar; rpq;fq;fspd; gupzhk tsu;r;rpia mwpe;J nfhs;Stjw;Fk; ,e;j ,dq;fspd; rpwe;j Nkyhz;ikia Vw;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; Muha;r;rpahsu;fSf;F cjTk;.

Mrpar; rpq;fq;fspy; xU Fwpg;gplj;jf;f mk;rk; mjd; mbtapw;wpd; topNa nry;Yk; Njhypd; ePskhd kbg;G MFk;. ,J Mg;gpupf;f rpq;fq;fspy; fhzg;gLtjpy;iy.

Mrpar; rpq;fq;fspd; xNu thoplk; fpu; Njrpag; g+q;fh kw;Wk; td tpyq;F ruzhyak; MFk;.

gOg;G fub kPs;Njhd;wy;:

xU E}w;whz;bw;Fk; Nkyhd fhyq;fSf;Fg; gpwF Nghu;r;Rf;fypy; gOg;G fubapd; kPs;Njhd;wyhdJ tdtpyq;F epGzu;fshy; cWjpnra;ag;gl;lJ.

,e;jf; fubahdJ ngUk;ghYk; tlf;F ];ngapd; ehl;by; cs;s Nkw;F fhz;lhgpupad; kiyg; gFjpia thOk; ,lkhff; nfhz;lJ.

19Mk; E}w;whz;bNyNa gOg;G fubahdJ Nghu;r;Rfypy; mope;J tpl;lJ.

jw;NghJ ,e;jf; fubahdJ tlfpof;F Nghu;r;Rfypy; cs;s khd;nlrpd;N`h Njrpag; g+q;fh kw;Wk; g+q;fh kw;Wk; g;ufhd;fh fk;a+d; gFjpapy; fhzg;gl;Ls;sJ.

gy;Yapu;g; ngUf;f mwpf;if:

ru;tNjr mwptpay; mikg;ghd “gy;Yapu;g; ngUf;fk; kw;Wk; Rw;Wr;R+oy; Nritfs; kPjhd murhq;fq;fSf;fpilNaahd mwptpay; - nfhs;if jsk;”(IBPES – Intergovernment Science-Policy

Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services)vd;w epWtdkhdJ cyfpd; R+oypay; mopT kPjhd xU tpupthd mwpf;ifia ntspapl;Ls;sJ.

,J kdpj eltbf;ifahdJ jw;nghOJs;s kpy;ypaDf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l jhtu kw;Wk; tpyq;F ,dq;fis mr;RWj;Jfpd;wJ vd;W $Wfpd;wJ.

Gtpapd; epyg; gug;gpy; 75 rjtpfpjKk; fly;rhu; gug;gpy; 66 rjtpfpjKk; “Fwpg;gplj;jf;f tifapy;” khw;wpaikf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. NkYk; 85 rjtpfpjj;jpw;Fk; Nkw;gl;l <u epyq;fs; njhiyf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

IBPESvd;gJ 2012 Mk; Mz;by; I.eh. cWg;G ehLfspdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l murhq;fq;fSf;fpilNaahd xU jdpr; Rje;jpu mikg;ghFk;.

IBPES-d; Fwpf;Nfhs;fs; gpd;tUkhW: gy;Yapu;g; ngUf;fk; kw;Wk; Rw;Wr;R+oy; ghJfhg;gpw;fhd mwptpay;rhu; nfhs;if ,ilKfj;ij

tYg;gLj;jy;. gy;Yapu;g; ngUf;fj;jpd; ePbj;j gad;ghL ePz;l fhy kdpj eyk; ePbj;j tsu;r;rp

cWg;gpdu; ehLfspd; khehL:

gpd;tUk; xg;ge;jq;fspd; cWg;gpdu;fs; ehLfspd; khehl;bd; (Conference of the Parties – COP)gy;NtW mku;Tfs; ];tpl;ru;yhe;jpy; cs;s n[dPth ru;tNjr khehl;L ikaj;jpy; eilngw;wJ. Ngry; xg;ge;jj;jpd; 14tJ cWg;gpdu; ehLfspd; khehL (BC COP -14) Nuhl;lu;lhk; xg;ge;jj;jpd; 9tJ cWg;gpdu; ehLfspd; khehL (RC COP-9)


];lhf;N`hk; xg;ge;jj;jpd; 9tJ cWg;gpdu; ehLfspd; khehL (SC COP -9)

,e;j khehl;bd; fUj;JUthdJ>“J}a;ikahd Nfhs;> MNuhf;fpakhd kf;fs; Ntjpg;nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; fopTfspd; rpwe;j Nkyhz;ik” vd;gjhFk;.

,e;j khehl;by; nefpopy; fopTfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;F 187 ehLfs; cWjpaspj;jd. Mdhy; mnkupf;fh ,e;j cWjpaspg;gpy; gq;Nfw;f kWj;Jtpl;lJ.

Cop14-,y; jilj; jpUj;jj;ij eilKiwf;F nfhz;L tUtjw;fhd %Nyhgha fl;likg;G kw;Wk; mghafukhd fopTfs; kw;Wk; ,juf; fopTfspd; jLg;G> Fiwg;G kw;Wk; kPl;nlLg;G kPjhd fhu;lh[Pdh gpufldk; Mfpait cs;spl;l xg;ge;jq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;JtJ njhlu;ghd tptfhuq;fs; cWg;gpdu;fspilNa tpthjpf;fg;gl;ld.

Ngry; xg;ge;jk;:

,J mghafukhd fopTfspd; vy;iy jhz;ba efu;Tfis fl;Lg;gLj;Jjy; kw;Wk; mtw;wpd; ntspNaw;wk; kPjhd Ngry; xg;ge;jk; vdTk; mwpag;gLfpwJ.

,e;j ru;tNjr xg;ge;jkhdJ mghafukhd fopTfshdJ vy;iyj; jhz;bf; nfhz;L nry;tijf; Fiwg;gijAk; Fwpg;ghf tsu;r;rpaile;j ehLfspypUe;J Fiwe;j tsu;r;rpAila ehLfSf;F mghafukhd fopTfs; ,lkhw;wk; nra;ag;gLtij jLg;gijAk; Fwpf;Nfhshff; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

Nuhl;lu;lhk; xg;ge;jk;:

,J ru;tNjr mstpyhd tu;j;jfj;jpy; rpy mghafukhd Ntjpg;nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; g+r;rpf; nfhy;ypfs; kPjhf Kd;dNu mwptpf;fg;gl;L xg;Gjy; mspf;fg;gl;l eilKiwfs; kPjhd Nuhl;lu;lhk; xg;ge;jk; vdTk; mwpag;gLfpd;wJ.

,J kdpj MNuhf;fpaj;ijAk; Rw;Wr;R+oiyAk; jPq;fpypUe;Jg; ghJfhg;gjw;fhfTk; Ntjpg;nghUl;fis Rw;Wr;R+oYf;F cfe;j Kiwapy; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhfTk; rpy mghafukhd Ntjpg;nghUl;fspd; ru;tNjr tu;j;jfj;jpy; gfpu;e;jspf;fg;gl;l nghWg;GfisAk; $l;LwT Kaw;rpfisAk; Cf;Ftpg;gijAk; Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

];lhf;N`hk; xg;ge;jk;:

,J epiyahd fupk khRgLj;jpfspd; kPjhd ];lhf;N`hk; xg;ge;jk; vdTk; mwpag;gLfpwJ.

,e;j ru;tNjr xg;ge;jkhdJ epiyahd fupk khRgLj;jpfspd; cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; gad;ghLfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtij my;yJ mfw;Wtij Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

capuptopr; rPuhf;fk;:

rpv];IMu; - Njrpaj; jhtutpay; Muha;r;rp epWtdk; (CSIR – National Botanical Research Institute –

CSIR/NBRI)kw;Wk; yf;Ndh gy;fiyf; fofj;ijr; Nru;e;j Muha;r;rpahsu;fs; kz;zpy; cs;s Mu;nrdpf; fopTfis ePf;Ftjw;fhf 2 cs;ehl;L ghf;Bupahf;fisg; gad;gLj;jpdu;.

,e;j 2 ghf;Bupahf;fs; Ngrpy]; gpnyf;]; kw;Wk; mrpNdhghf;lu; [{dp vd;W ngauplg;gl;Ls;sd.

,it Mu;rdpf; fopTfs; cs;s kz;zpy; cs;s jhtuq;fspd; Ntu;fspy; xd;Wf;nfhd;W cjtpf; nfhs;Sjy; vd;w Kiwapd; fPo; tho;fpd;wd. ,it er;Rj; jd;ikia Vw;gLj;jhky; Njitahd Cl;lr; rj;Jfis jhtuq;fs; vLj;Jf; nfhs;s cjTfpd;wd.

NkYk; ,it jhtu tsu;r;rpia Cf;Ftpf;fpd;wd.

capuptopr; rPuhf;fkhdJ kz; kw;Wk; ,ju Rw;Wr;R+oy;fspy; fye;Js;s fopTfis ePf;Ftjw;F Ez; capupfs;> jhtuq;fs;> jhtu nehjpfisg; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.


,wg;gpypUe;J ,uz;L Kiw kPSjy;:

Rkhu; 1>36>000 Mz;LfSf;F Kd;G mope;J Nghd my;lg;uh nts;isj; njhz;ilAila nuapy; (Aldabra white-throated rail)gwitahdJ ,UKiwahf kPz;Lk; gpwg;ngLj;Js;sJ.

,jid Muha;r;rpahsu;fs; gd;Kiwg; gupzhkk; vd;W ngaupl;Ls;sdu;.

,J ntt;NtW fhyfl;lq;fspy; mNj %jhijaupypUe;J mNjNghd;W my;yJ mjw;F ,izahd cly; mikg;Gfs; kPz;Lk; gupzhkk; ngWtjhFk;.

,J ,e;jpag; ngUq;flypd; my;lg;uh gtsj; jPtpy; thOk; Nfhop mstpyhd xU gwf;f Kbahj gwitahFk;.

,J klfh];fupy; kl;LNk fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. Mdhy; ,e;jg; gwitapd; Gij gbtq;fs; gpd;tUk; fhyfl;lj;jpy; my;lg;uh gtsj; jPtpy; fhzg;gl;ld. ,uz;L ntt;NtW fhy fl;lq;fs; gy Mapuk; Mz;LfSf;F Kd;G xt;nthd;Wk; jdpahf gpupe;j fhy fl;lq;fs;.

Gijgbt Mjhuj;Jld; ,ize;J my;lg;uhtpd; jdpj;Jt kw;Wk; goikahd njhy;ypay; Jiw gjpTfshdJ fly; kl;lq;fspd; khw;wq;fs; ,e;jg; gwit ,dk; mope;J Nghtjw;Fk; kw;Wk; kWFbNaw;w epfo;TfSf;Fk; fhuzkhf ,Ug;gijf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

cs;ehl;L ahf; vUJfs; ,wg;G:

kpff; fLikahd gdpg; nghoptpidj; njhlu;e;J rpf;fpkpy; cs;s KFjq; gs;sj;jhf;fpy; Fiwe;jJ 300f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l ePz;l Kbfs; nfhz;l ahf; vUJfs; ,we;J tpl;ld.

xt;nthU Mz;Lk; 10 Kjy; 15 ahf; vUJfs; ,wf;Fk;. Mdhy; ,e;j Mz;L ,e;j vz;zpf;ifahdJ cau;e;Js;sJ.

,kakiy> jpngj;jpa gPlg+kp kw;Wk; kq;Nfhypah Mfpa gFjpfspy; cs;S]u;> ghy;> ghy; rhu;e;j

nghUl;fs;> Nghf;Ftuj;J kw;Wk; fk;gsp Mfpatw;wpd; Mjhukhf ahf; vUJfs; tpsq;Ffpd;wd.

kioia tpUk;Gk; ghk;G:

Cu;td mwptpaiyr; Nru;e;j 7 cWg;gpdu;fs; nfhz;l xU FOthdJ kpNrhukpy; tp\k; mw;w ghk;gpd; xU Gjpa tifiag; gjpT nra;Js;sJ.

,jw;F ];kpj;Njhgp]; mlk;Nghuhyp]; vdg; ngauplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J xU Kf;fpa capu;tho; capupdkhFk;.

,e;jpa Cu;td mwptpaYf;F Kf;fpag; gq;fhw;wpag; gpupl;lidr; Nru;e;j Cu;td mwptpayhsuhd khy;Nfhk; Mu;Ju; ];kpj; vd;gtupd; epidthf ,jw;F ,tuJ ngau; itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,J cs;S]upy; nghJthf Ufk;&y; my;yJ kioia tpUk;Gk; ghk;G vd;W miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

tlfpof;F ,e;jpahtpy; rkPgj;jpy; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l ghk;Gfs;: kpNrhuk; ];kpj;Njhk;gp]; mlk;Nghuhyp]; er;Rj; jd;ikaw;wJ mUzhr;ryg; gpuNjrk; mOk; jz;zPh; ghk;G er;Rj; jd;ikaw;wJ mUzhr;ryg; gpuNjrk; rptg;G gOg;G Fopg; ghk;G er;Rj; jd;ik nfhz;lJ

vy;epNdh NkhNlhf;fp:

,e;jpa ntg;g kz;ly thdpiyapay; epWtdkhdJ 2020 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J ,e;jpahtpy; Vw;gltpUf;Fk; vy;epNdh NkhNlhf;fp gpd;tUk; tpisTfis Vw;gLj;Jk; vd;W fzpj;Js;sJ. ntg;g miyfspd; epfo;Tfis mjpf mstpy; Vw;gLj;Jk;.


ntg;g miyfspd; (mdy; fhw;W) fhyq;fis mjpfg;gLj;Jk;.

njd; ,e;jpah kw;Wk; flNyhug; gFjpfs; Mfpait mjpf msT ntg;g miyapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gLk; vd;W vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wd.

,e;jpahtpy; ntg;g miyfshdJ nghJthf vy; epNdh epfo;Tfs; Vw;gl;l gpd;G epfo;fpd;wJ.

vy; epNdh vd;gJ fpof;F grpgpf; ngUq;fly; ntg;gkiljy; MFk;.

Mdhy; vy; epNdh NkhNlhf;fp vd;gJ kj;jpa grpgpf; ngUq;fly; ntg;gkiljy; MFk;.

vy; epNdh NkhNlhf;fp epfo;TfSld; ,e;jpahtpy; vjpu;fhyj;jpy; epfOk; ntg;g miyfSld; njhlu;Gila xU Muha;r;rpia Nkw;nfhs;tJ ,JNt Kjy; KiwahFk;.

ntg;g miyfs; kpf mjpf mstpy; epfo;tjw;Fg; gpd;tUk; $Ljy; fhuzpfs; fhuzq;fshf ,Uf;Fk; vd;W Muha;r;rpahsu;fs; fzpj;Js;sdu;. kz;zpd; <ug;gjk; Fiwjy; g+kpapypUe;J tspkz;lyj;jpw;F ntg;gk; flj;jg;gLjy;.

nrd;lha; fl;likg;G:

xU ru;tNjr Ma;T mwpf;ifahdJ Nguplu; mghaf; Fiwg;gpw;fhd If;fpa ehLfs; mYtyfj;jpdhy; (United Nations Officer for Disaster Risk Reduction – UNDRR)ntspaplg;gl;lJ.

,J kpf mjpfkhd fhy epiy khw;wq;fspd; fhuzkhf Gjpa kw;Wk; kpfg;ngupa gpur;ridfis cUthf;Fk; vd;W vr;rupj;Js;sJ. ,J Fwpg;ghf Mrpa grpgpf; nghUshjhuq;fis ,e;j mwpf;ifapy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sJ.

gpd;tUtdtw;wpypUe;J kdpju;fSf;F mghaq;fs; epfOk; vd;W ,J $wpAs;sJ. fhw;W khRghL capupay; mghaq;fs; nts;sk;> epyr;rupT kw;Wk; epy eLf;fk; Nghd;w ,aw;ifg; Nguplu;fs;.

ehLfs; Nguplu; mghaf; Fiwg;G eltbf;ifapy; KjyPL nra;ahtpl;lhy; mjd; tUlhe;jpu nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpapy; 4 rjtpfpj mstpw;F nghUshjhu ,og;Gfs; Vw;gLk; vd;W ,J fzpj;Js;sJ.

cyfshtpa kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;ifahdJ (GAR – Global Assessment Report)nrd;lha; fl;likg;ig cldbahf eilKiwg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;W $Wfpd;wJ.

nrd;lha; fl;likg;G:

,J 2015 Mk; Mz;by; I.eh. cWg;G ehLfshy; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

,J Nguoptpdhy; kuzq;fisAk; nghUshjhu ,og;GfisAk; Fiwg;gijg; gw;wp tptupf;fpd;wJ.

,J Kd; vr;rupf;if mikg;gpy; KjyPL nra;tjd; %yk; mgha epu;thfj;ij gyg;gLj;Jtij Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

rl;l tpNuhjkhd tdtpyq;Ffs; tu;j;jfk;:

ru;tNjr capupay; gd;Kfj; jd;ik jpdj;Jld; njhlu;Gila xU tpopg;Gzu;Tg; gpur;rhuk; ,e;jpahtpy; gpd;tUk; mikg;Gfshy; njhlq;fg;gl;lJ. I.eh. Rw;Wr;R+oy; ,e;jpah ,e;jpahtpd; tdtpyq;Ffs; kPjhd Fw;wj; jLg;G mikg;G

“midj;J tpyq;FfSk; jd; tpUg;gj;jpd; Ngupy; ,lk; ngaUtjpy;iy” vd;w Kof;fk; ,e;jpahntq;fpYk; cs;s Kf;fpakhd tpkhd epiyaq;fspy; fhl;rpg;Lj;jg; gltpUf;fpd;wJ.


,e;jg; gpur;rhuj;jpd; Nehf;fk; rl;l tpNuhjkhd td tpyq;Ffs; tu;j;jfk; Fwpj;J tpopg;Gzu;it Vw;gLj;JtjhFk;.

nrd;id tpkhd epiyaq;fs;:

tpyq;Ffs; ghJfhg;G mikg;ghd buhgpf; (tu;j;jfj;jpy; jhtuq;fs; kw;Wk; tpyq;Ffspd; tu;j;jfg; gjpTfs; kPjhd Ma;T - ,e;jpah) vd;w mikg;gpd;gb njw;F Mrpah kw;Wk; njd; fpof;F Mrpahtpy; rl;ltpNuhj tdtpyq;F tu;j;jfj;jpd; ikakhf nrd;id khwp tUfpd;wJ.

,e;jpa el;rj;jpu Mikfs;> rptg;G nrtp nfhz;l ];iylu; Mikfs;> vWg;Gj; jpz;zp> Rwh kPd; cWg;Gfs; Mfpait nrd;idapypUe;J mjpfkhff; flj;jg;gl;l tpyq;FfshFk;.

nrd;idapypUe;J flj;jg;gl;l kpfg; ngUk;ghd;ikahd tpyq;fs; njd; fpof;F Mrpah kw;Wk; rPdh Mfpa ehLfspy; ghuk;gupa kUe;Jfs; jahupg;gpy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. v.fh.Rwh kPd; cWg;Gfs;.

nrd;id tpkhd epiyaj;jpypUe;J rkPgj;jpy; gwpKjy; nra;ag;gl;lit gpd;tWkhW

Njjp gpbgl;l tpyq;F

khu;r; 25>2019 2 fhz;lhkpUf cLk;GfSld; Mg;gpupf;f ehl;ilr; Nru;e;j Fopg; ghk;Gfs; 3 ghiw cLk;Gfs;> vfpg;ijr; Nru;e;j 22 Mikfs;> ePy ehf;F nfhz;l 4 muizfs; kw;Wk; 3 gr;ir kuj; jtisfs;.

gpg;utup 02>2019 Ngq;fhf;fpypUe;J te;j eguplk; ,Ue;J ifg;gw;wg;gl;l rpWj;ijf; Fl;b brk;gu; 20>2018 Ngq;fhf;fpypUe;J te;j ,uz;L gazpfsplk; ,Ue;J ifg;gw;wg;gl;l

4>800 rptg;G nrtp nfhz;l ];iylu; Mikfs; Vg;uy; 06>2018 Ngq;fhf;fpypUe;J te;j xU eguplk; ,Ue;J ifg;gw;wg;gl;l 65 el;rj;jpu

Mikfs;.

Nghf;Ftuj;J neupryhy; Vw;gLk; khRghL:

Nghf;Ftuj;J neupryhy; Vw;gLk; fhw;W khRghLfSf;F Foe;ijfs; cs;shFk; NghJ (TRAP –

Traffic-Related Air Pollution – TRAP) TRAP – MdJ Foe;ijfspd; %isapy; cs;s Ntjpapay; nghUl;fis khw;wpaikf;Fk; vd;W xU Ma;T fz;lwpe;Js;sJ.

,J gjw;wk; kw;Wk; kd mOj;jk; Nghd;w kd Neha;fspd; ghjpg;ig mjpfg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

TRAPMdJ ntspg;Gw fhw;W khRghl;by;> Fwpg;ghf efu;g;Gwg; gFjpfspy; Kf;fpag; gq;fhw;Wfpd;wJ.

mnkupf;fhtpy; cs;s rpd;rpdhb gy;fiyf;fofj;ijr; Nru;e;j Muha;r;rpahsu;fs; 145 Foe;ijfspd; (ruhrupahf 12 taJ) %isapy; fhzg;gLk; “ikNah ,NdhrpNlhy;” vd;gtw;wpd; epiyfs; Fwpj;J Ma;T nra;jdu;.

“ikNah ,NdhrpNlhy;” vd;gJ ,aw;irahff; fhzg;gLk; xU tsu;rpijg; nghUshFk;. ,J ,izg;G capuZf;fs; vd;w rpwg;Gg; ngw;w %is capuZf;fspy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

Rw;Wr;R+oy; fhu;gd; il Mf;i]L:

Nk 11 Mk; Njjpad;W> Kjd;Kiwahf ru;tNjr mstpy; tspkz;lyj;jpy; cs;s fhu;gd; il Mf;i]lhdJ 415 ppm vd;w msitf; fle;Js;sJ.

,J `thapy; cs;s kTdh Nyh Ma;tfj;jpy; cs;s czupfshy; mstplg;gl;lJ.

1958 Mk; Mz;by; ,Nj ,lj;jpy; fhu;gd; il Mf;i]L thAtpd; msthdJ 315 ppmMf ,Ue;jJ.

tspkz;lyj;jpy; fhu;gd; il Mf;i]bd; msT tpiuthf mjpfupg;gJ Gtp ntg;gkakhjiyf; fhl;Lk; FwpaPLfspy; xd;whff; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ.


Vd; ,J mghafukhdJ?

fhu;gd; il Mf;i]L thA tspkz;lyj;jpy; kpf mjpf tho;ehl;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,J 100 Kjy; 300 Mz;Lfs; tiu tspkz;lyj;jy; ,Uf;Fk;.

Gtpapd; ntg;gepiy 2 bfpup nry;rpa]; msT mjpfk; MFk; nghOJ fhu;gd; il Mf;i]L thAtpd; msthdJ nghJthf 450 ppm,Uf;Fk; vd;W fUjg;gLfpd;wJ.

jw;Nghija fhu;gd; il Mf;i]L thA tsu;r;rp tpfpjk; ePbj;jhy; 12 Mz;LfSf;F (2030 Mk; Mz;by;) Kd;djhfNt 450 ppmvd;w epiyapid mile;J tpLk; vd;W fUjg;gLfpd;wJ.

gpugykhdth;fs;> tpUJfs; kw;Wk; epfo;Tfs;

Nfhy;LNkd; Rw;Wr;Roy; ghpR:

6 Rw;Wr;#oy; Mh;tyh;fs; Gfo;ngw;w Nfhy;LNkd; Rw;Wr;Roy; tpUjpidg; ngw;Ws;sdh;.

Nfhy;LNkd; tpUjhdJ „gRik Nehgy; tpUJ‟ vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpwJ.

,e;j tpUJ 6 fz;lq;fisr; Nrh;e;j 6 Rw;Wr;#oy; Mh;tyh;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,e;j tpUjjhdJ mnkhpf;fhitr; Nrh;e;j ed;nfhilahsh;fshd Nuhlh kw;Wk; hpr;rh;L Nfhy;LNkd; MfpNahuhy; Mk; Mz;by; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

Gfo;ngw;w r%f Mh;tyuhd Nkj;jh gl;fh; ,e;j tpUij 1992 Mk; Mz;by; ngw;whh;. Nghuhbajw;fhf ,tUf;F ,t;tpUJ toq;fg;gl;lJ.

2019Mk; Mz;bd; ntw;wpahsh;fs;:

ntw;wpahsh; ehL ghah;[h;hfy; mf;thz;l; nrhPd;

kq;Nfhypah

my;ngh;l;g;nusd;nty; iygPhpah my;ngh;Nlh Fuhkpy; Rpyp [hf;Fypd; vthd;]; Ff; jPTfs; tpz;lh fhurpah mnkhpf;fh Md NfhNyhtpf; nyNrh];fh

Tl khrpNlhdpah

tprhuizg; gj;jpuf;ifahsh; tpUJ:

Nfutd; gj;jphpf;ifiar; Nrh;e;j epyPdhvk;v];. vd;gtUf;F 2018 Mk; Mz;bd; tprhuzg; gj;jphpf;ifahsUf;fhd Gfo;ngw;w Vrpn[ tpUJ toq;fg;gl;lJ.

Vrpn[ tpUjhdJ xU Nfhg;ig rhd;wpjo; kw;Wk; &2 ,yl;rk; epjp Mfpatw;iwf; nfhz;ljhFk;.

Mrpag; gj;jphpf;ifj; Jiw fy;Y}hpahdJ nrd;idapy; cs;s gj;jphpf;ifj; Jiwg; gs;spahFk;.

,J ,e;jpad; vf;];gpu]; FOkj;jpdhy; 1994 Mk; Mz;L njhlq;fg;gl;lJ.

nrthypah; tpUJ:

,];Nuhtpd; Kd;dhs; jiytuhd A.S. fpuz; FkhUf;F gpuhd;rpd; cahpa tpUjhd „nrthypah; b 1 Mh;bhp Ne\dy; b yh yP[pad; yh `hdpah;‟ vd;w tpUJ toq;fp nfsutpf;fg;gl;lJ.


,e;jpah – gpuhd;R tpz;ntsp xj;Jiog;gpw;F jhd; Mw;wpa gq;fspg;gpw;fhf ,th; mt;tpUJ toq;fp nfsutpf;fg;gl;lhh;.

,e;j tpUjhdJ 1862 Mk; Mz;L neg;Nghypad; Nghdgh;l;lhy; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.

,J gpuhd;R ehl;bw;F jiyrpwe;j Nritia mspj;jth;fSf;fhf ,t;tpUJ toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

PC re;jpu Gu];fh; 2019:

,e;jpahtpd; kpfg; gpugykhd ,ja mWitr; rpfpr;irahsuhd lhf;lh; Njtp gpurhj; n\l;bf;F 27tJ PC re;jpu Gu];fhh; tpUJ toq;fg;gl;lJ.

,th; „nja;tPff; iffisf; nfhz;l kdpjh; „ vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpwhh;.

,th; kUj;Jtj; Jiwf;fhf 2003 Mk; Mz;by; gj;k = tpUjpidAk; 2013 Mk; Mz;by; gj;k g+\d; tpUjpidAk; ngw;Ws;shh;.

uhgh;l; Nfhntd;lh;:

njd; Mg;gphpf;fhtpy; trpf;fk; ,e;jpa tk;rhtspiar; Nrh;e;j gj;jphpf;ifahsuhd g.D. uhgh;l; Nfhntd;lh; If;fpa ,uh[;[paj;jpy; 2019 Mk; Mzbw;fhd V.K. fpU\;z Nkid tpUJ toq;fp nfsutpf;fg;gl;lhh;.

fhydpa vjph;g;G gj;jphpf;ifj; Jiwapd; Kd;Ndhbahf ,th; Mw;wpa gq;fspg;gpw;fhf ,th; ,t;tpUJ toq;fp nfsutpf;fg;gl;lhh;.

uhgh;l; Nfhntd;lh; 1930 Mk; Mz;by; njd; Mg;gphpf;fhtpy; gpwe;jhh;.

njd; Mg;gphpf;fhtpy; „nts;isah;fs; kl;LNk fye;J nfhs;Sk; tpisahl;L mzpfspd;‟ Gwf;fzpg;gpw;F miog;G tpLf;f Kjy; gj;jphpf;ifahsh; ,tuhthh;.

V.K. fpU\;z Nkdd;:

gphpl;lDf;fhd ,e;jpahtpd; KjyhtJ cah; Mizah; V.K. fpU\;zNkdd; Mthh;.

,th; 1957 Mk; Mz;L Vg;uy; Kjy; 1962 Mk; Mz;L mf;Nlhgh; tiu ,e;jpahtpd; ghJfhg;G mikr;ruhfg; gzpahw;wpdhh;.

,th; I.eh.ghJfhg;G Mizaj;jpy; (UNSC – UN Security Council) kpf ePz;l Neuk; (8 kzp Neuq;fs;) ciuahw;wpr; rhjid gilj;jhh;.

,th; 1957 Mk; Mz;by; jdJ UNSCciuapy; fh\;kPh; kPjhd ,e;jpahtpd; ,iwahz;ik Fwpj;J tpthjpj;jhh;.

Rje;jpj;jpw;fhd tpUJ:

mnkhpf;f mjpghpd; Rje;jpuj;jpw;fhd tpUij me;ehl;L mjpgh; nlhdhy;L l;uk;g; Fopg; ge;jhl;l tPuuhd ilfh; tl;];f;F toq;fpdhh;.

mnkhpf;fhtpd; Gfo;ngw;w cahpa Fbkf;fs; tpUijg; ngWk; ehd;fhtJ kw;Wk; ,isa Fopg; ge;jhl;l tPuuhf 43 taJ epuk;gpa ilfh; Tl;]; cUntLj;Js;shh;.

Rje;jpuj;jpw;fhd tpUjhdJ mnkhpf;fh mjpgh; l;&Nkdhy; ,uz;lhk; cyfg; Nghh; njhlh;ghd jiyrpwe;j Fbkf;fspd; rhjidfis nfsutpg;gjw;fhf Vw;gLj;jg;gl;ljhFk;.

,e;j tpUjhdJ 1963 Mk; Mz;by; mjpgh; nfd;dbapdhy; kPz;Lk; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;ljhFk;.

,e;j tpUjhdJ xUKiw xU egUf;F toq;fg;gl;lhy;> kPz;Lk; mt;tpUijj; jpUk;gg; ngw KbahJ.


uhkD[h; n[ae;jp:

uhkhD[hpd; gpw;ej jpdkhdJ = uhkhD[h; n[ae;jp vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

,J jkpo; #hpa ehl;fhl;bapd; mbg;gilapy; mDrhpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

,J rpj;jpiu khjj;jpd; jpUthjpiu el;rj;jpuj; jpdj;jd;W epfo;fpd;wJ. ,J 2019 Mk; Mz;L Nk 9 md;W epfo;fpd;wJ.

,tuJ rkak; rhh;e;j nray;ghLfs; kw;Wk; nfhs;iffs; Mfpait gpd;tUk; Kf;fpakhd 2 itzt ikaq;fspy; gug;gg;gLfpd;wd. jpUr;rpapd; =uq;fj;jpy; cs;s jpUtuq;fehjh; Myak; Me;jpug; gpuNjrj;jpd; jpUg;gjpapy; cs;s ntq;fNl\;tuh; Myak;

itztj; jj;Jt Qhdpahd ,uhkhD[h; xUGul;rpfu r%f rPh;jpUj;jthjp Mthh;.

,th; ghypdk;> Njrpathjk;> rhjp kjk;> ,dk;> r%fk; fyhr;rhuk; kw;Wk; nghUshjhu epiy Mfpatw;wpd; mbg;gilapy; ghFghL fhl;lg;glhky; xt;nthU kdpjUk; rkk; vd;w jdJ nfhs;ifia Cf;Ftpj;jhh;.

tp\p\;l; mj;itjh jj;Jtj;jpd; rpwe;j Mjuthshuhf = uhkhD[h; tpsq;Ffpd;whh;.

nkf;fhapd; epWtd tpUJ 2019:

eph;gah $l;L td;Gzh;T kw;Wk; nfhiy tof;F tprhuizf; FOtpd; jiytuhd ,e;jpa fhty; gzp mjpfhhp rhah; \h;khtpd; 2019 Mk; Mz;bw;fhd JzpT kw;wk; jiyikj;Jtj;jpw;fhd nkf;fhapd; epWtd tpUJ toq;fg;gl;lJ.

2017 Mk; Mz;by; ,e;jpahtpy; Ml;flj;jy;fSf;F vjpuhd Kiwg;gLj;jg;gl;l nray;ghl;L eilKiwfs; kw;Wk; topfhl;Ljy;fis jahhpg;gjpy; ,th; Kf;fpa gq;fhw;wpdhh;.

,e;j tpUjhdJ kdpj chpikfs; kdpjhgpkhd ,uf;fk;> ePjp Rje;jpuk; kw;Wk; kdpj fz;zpak; Mfpatw;wpw;fhf Jzpr;ryhf nray;gLgth;fSf;F toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

kyhyh a+rg;rha; (2015) kw;Wk; nkhk;Ngh (2016) MfpNahh; ,t;tpUJ ngw;w kw;w gpugyq;fshth;.

rrfhth tpUJ:

Nghplh; mghaf; Fiwg;gpw;fhd If;fpa ehLfs; mYtyfkhdJ (United Nations Office for Disaster Risk

Reduction – UNDRR) Nghplh; mghaf; Fiwg;gpw;ghg 2019 Mk; Mz;bd; toq;fp nfsutpj;jJ.

,th; gpujk; ke;jphpapd; $Ljy; Kjd;ikr; nrayhsuhf cs;shh;.

,J Rtpl;rh;yhe;jpd; n[dPthtpy; eilngw;w 2019 Mk; Mz;bd; Nghplh; mghaf; Fiwg;gpw;fhd rh;tNjrj; jsr; re;jpg;gpd; 6-tJ gjpg;gpd; NghJ mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ.

Nghplh; mgha Nkyhz;ikapy; If;fpa ehLfspd; kpfTk; Gfo;ngw;w tpUJ ,JthFk;.

1989 Mk; Mz;by; UNDRR kw;Wk; ep;g;ghd; mwf;fl;lis Mfpait ,ize;J ,e;j tpUjpid Vw;gLj;jpd.

2019 Mk; Mz;bd; „rrfhth tpUjpd;‟ fUj;JUthdJ>„midtiuAk; cs;slf;fpa kw;Wk; typikahd rKjhaq;fisf; fl;likj;jy;‟ vd;gjhFk;.

,jd; ,ju ntw;wpahsh;fs;: rpl;Nda Gh;lhNlh rptpy; ghJfhg;Gj; Jiwapd; ,af;Feh;>

fhk;gpdh];> gpNurpy; gp[y; gpufk;gl; ,e;jpa kfpsh tPl;Ltrjp Nrth

mwf;fl;lisapd; ,af;Feh;.


jp ,e;J:

jp ,e;J FOkkhdJ Gfo;ngw;w rh;tNjr nra;jpfs; Clf kd;wj;jpd; (NMA – International News media

Association) cyf Clf tpUJfspy; ,uz;L tpUJfisg; ngw;Ws;sJ.

„thbf;ifahsUf;fhd rpwe;j re;ijaply; jPh;Tfs;‟ vd;w gphptpy; jp ,e;Jtpw;F ,uz;lhk; ,lk; mspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

NkYk; ,J „mr;R thrfh;fs; my;yJ gq;F nfhs;tij Cf;Ftpg;gjw;fhd xU rpwe;j Nahrid‟ vd;w gphptpy; %d;whtJ ,lj;ijg; gpbj;Js;sJ.

INMA vd;gJ nra;jp Clf epWtdq;fs; vt;thW ghh;itahsh;fSld; njhlh;G nfhs;fpd;wd vd;Wk; gy; Clfq;fr; #oypy; mit vt;thW tUtha; mjpfhpg;ig cUthf;Ffpd;wd vd;Wk; fz;lwpfpd;w re;ijapy; Kd;dzpapy; cs;s nra;jp Clf epWtdq;fspd; xU cyfshtpa r%fkhFk;.

Nlf; `khh;];f;N[hy;L tpUJ:

,uhZtk;> fhty; Jiw kw;Wk; Fbkf;fisr; Nrh;e;j 119 egh;fspy; ,e;jpa mikjpg; gil tPuuhd ,e;jpa fhtw;Jiw mjpfhhp [pj;Nje;jh; Fkhh; vd;gth; ,e;j Mz;bd; Nlf; `khh;];f;N[hy;L tpUJ toq;fp nfsutpf;fg; gltpUf;fpd;whh;.

,J gzpapd; NghJ JzpTlDk; jpahfj;JlDk; gzpahw;wpr; Nriy nra;gth;fSf;F toq;fg;gLk; I.eh.tpd; xU cahpa tpUjhFk;.

,th; kj;jpa Mg;gphpf;f ehlhd fhq;Nfhtpy; eilngw;w Nghhpy; I.eh.tpd; mikjp epiyg;gLj;Jjy; jpl;lj;jpy; gzpahw;wpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ caphpoe;jhh;.

1997 Mk; Mz;by; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l ,e;j tpUjhdJ If;fpa ehLfspd; ,uz;lhtJ nghJr; nrayhsuhd Nlf; `khhf;];N[hy;L vd;gthpd; epidthf toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

,th; 1961 Mk; Mz;by; fhq;Nfh Nghhpd; rkaj;jpy; Nghh; epWj;jg; Ngr;R thh;j;ijf;fhfr; nry;Yk; NghJ Vw;gl;l tpkhd tpgj;jpy; caphpoe;jhh;.

cjakhFk; #hpad;:

[g;ghdpd; ,uz;lhtJ cahpa Njrpa tpUjhd „ cjakhFk; #hpad; jq;fk; kw;Wk; nts;sp el;rj;juk; mfpatw;wpd; Miz‟ vd;W tpUJf;F Kd;dhs; ,e;jpa ntspAwTr; nrayhsuhd \pahk; ruz; Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;Ls;shh;.

,e;j tpUJ [g;ghidr; Nrh;e;j muruhd nka;[p vd;gtuhy; 1875 Mk; Mzby; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

,J ,uhZtg; gzp kw;Wk; nghJg; gzpapy; rpwg;ghf tpsq;fpajw;fhf toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

,e;jpah kw;Wk; [g;ghd; Mfpa ehLfSf;fpilNa gu];gu cwTfis Nkk;gLj;jpajw;fhfTk; Af;jprhh; cwTfis tYg;gLj;jpajpy; ,thpd; gq;fspg;gpw;fhfTk; ,th; ,t;tpUJ toq;fp nfsutpf;fg;gl tpUf;fpd;whh;.

,th; 2004 Mk; Mz;L Kjy; 2006 Mk; Mz;L tiu ,e;jpahtpd; ntspAwTr; nrayhsuhfg; gzpahw;wpdhh;.

,e;jf; fhyfl;lj;jpy; ,e;jpah kw;Wk; [g;ghd; Mfpa ehLfSf;fpilNaahd cwit „Af;jprhh; gq;fshh;‟ vd;w epiyf;F cah;j;Jtjw;F ,th; kpf Kf;fpag; gq;fhw;wpdhh;.

1988 Mk; Mz;by; [g;ghdpy; elj;jg;gl;l „,e;jpaj; jpUtpoh vd;GJ ,tuJ gq;fspg;Gfspy; cs;slq;Fk;.


Nkd;Gf;fh; rh;tNjr tpUJ:

„tpz;ntspg; nghUl;fs; vd;w Gj;jfj;jpw;fhf Nkd;Gf;fh; rh;tNjr tpUij Xkidr; Nrh;e;j vOj;jhsuhd N[hfh my;`hh;jp ntd;Ws;shh;.

,e;j ehtyhdJ „epytpd; ngz;kzpfs;‟ vd;w Gj;jfkhf 2010 Mk; Mz;by; Kjd;Kjypy; ntspaplg;gl;lJ.

,e;j tpUijg; ngWk; Kjy; muhgpa nkhop vOj;jhsh; ,tuhthh;.

Nkd;Gf;fh; rh;tNjrg; ghpR vd;gJ jp Nkd; FOkj;jpdhy; toq;fg;gLk; xU rh;tNjr ,yf;fpa tpUjhFk;.

,e;j tpUjhdJ 50>000 gTz;Lfs; my;yJ 64>000 mnkhpf;f lhyh;fs; vd;w epjpf; njhifiaf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,J ntw;wp ngw;w gilg;gpw;F toq;fg;gLk;. ,e;j tpUjhdJ vOj;jhsh; kw;wk; nkhopngah;g;ghsh; MfpNahh;fSf;fpilNa rhprkkhfg; gfph;e;J nfhs;sg;gLk;.

If;fpa ,uh[;[paj;ijr; Nrh;e;j nkhopngah;g;ghsuhd khhpypd; g+j; vd;gtUld; N[hf; my;`hh;jp ,e;j tpUijg; gfph;e;J nfhs;stpUf;fpd;whh;.

GidTf; fijf;fhd Nkd;Gf;fh; ghprhdJ ,Nj FOkj;jpdhy; Mq;fpy nkhopapy; vOjg;gl;l Gj;jfq;fSf;F kl;LNk toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

If;fpa ehLfspd; cahpa tpUJ:

I.ehtpd; cahpa mikjpf; fhg;G tpUjhd „ jdpj;Jtkhd Jzptpw;fhd Nfg;ld; Nga; laf;dp tpUJ‟ kiwe;j kyhtpa tPuuhd [hd;rp rpl;bf; vd;gtUf;F toq;fg;gl;lJ.

fhq;Nfhtpy; vNghyh itu]; guTjiyj; jLg;gjw;fhd I.ehtpd; eltbf;ifapd; NghJ xU Fk;gyplkpUe;J jdJ rf tPuiuf; fhg;ghw;wp> me;j Fk;gYf;F vjpuhfg; Nghhpl;l NghJ ,th; caphpoe;jhh;.

jdpj;Jtkhd Jzptpw;fhd Nfg;ld; Nga; laf;dp tpUjhdJ I.eh.tpd; 2014 Mk; Mz;by; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;ld.

Fthz;lhtpw;fhd I.eh. jpl;lk; vd;w Kd;dhs; jpl;lj;jpy; (UN Mission in Rwanda – UNAMIR) Nfg;ld; Nga; gzpahw;wpdhh;. 1994 Mk; Mz;by; eilngw;w ,dg; gLnfhiyapd; NghJ Mapuf;fzf;fhd Uthz;lh kf;fis mth; fhg;ghw;wpdhh;.

VNgy; ghpR:

nlf;rh]; gy;fiyf;fofj;ijr; Nrh;e;j rNud; c ;̀nyd;ngf; vDk; Nguhrphpah; VNgy; ghpR toq;fg;gl;L ,Uf;fpd;whh;.

,J fzpjk; Jiwapy; toq;fg;gLk; ngUikkpF tpUJfspy; xd;whFk;. ,J fzpjj;jpw;fhd Nehgy; ghpR vd fUjg;gLfpd;wJ.

,t;tpUij ntd;w KjyhtJ ngz;kzpahfTk; xNu ngz;kzpahfTk; ,th; cUntLj;jpUf;fpd;whh;.

,J ehh;Nt ehl;Lg; gzkhd FNuhdhpy; 6 kpy;ypad; mstpw;fhd xU ghpirf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.

VNgy; ghpR Kjypy; 1899 Mk; Mz;by; Nrhg]; iy vd;gtuhy; Kd;nkhopag;gl;lJ.

fzpjj;jpw;fhf Nehgy; ghpR fpilahJ vd;W njhpe;j gpwF ,th; ,t;tpUij Kd;nkhope;jhh;.

2002 Mk; Mz;by; VNgy; ghpR Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ.

ehh;Nt ehl;Lf; fzpjtpayhsuhd ePy;]; n`d;hhpf; VNgy; vd;gtuJ 100tJ gpwe;j jpd Mz;L tpohit mDrhpg;gjw;fhf ,J toq;f Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ.


mthpd; ngauhy; ,g;ghpR ehh;Nt mwptpay; kw;Wk; ,yf;fpaf; fofj;jhy; ngauspf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ (1760 Mk; Mz;by; Jtq;fg;gl;lJ)

irNy\; jpdha;fh;:

gilj; jsgjp irNy\; jpdha;fh; vd;gth; I.ehtpd; nrayhsh; md;NlhdpNah Fl;nlu]h]; njw;F #lhDf;fhd I.eh jpl;lj;jpd; (UN Mission in South Sudan – UNMISS) gilj; jsgjpahf epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;shh;.

,e;j khjj;jpy; UNMISS gilj; jiyth; vd;w gjtpapypUe;J Xa;T ngwTs;s Uthz;lhitr; Nrh;e;j gilj; jiytuhd gpuhd;f; fhkd;rp vd;gtUf;F mLj;J ,th; mg;gjtpf;F epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;shh;.

,J ,uz;lhtJ kpfg; nghpa mikjpf; fhg;G eltbf;ifahFk;.

,J #lhdpypUe;Jj; njw;f #lhd; tpLjiy ngw;w gpd;G 2011 Mk; Mz;by; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.

,th;UNMISS–y; 2400 ,e;jpa tPuh;fs; cs;gl 16>000 mikjpg; gil tPuh;fis top elj;j tpUf;fpd;whh;.

1983 Mk; Mz;by; ,e;jpa ,uhZt ikaj;jpy; gl;lgg; gbg;G Kbj;j ,th; jdJ jd;dpfhpy;yhj Nritf;fhf Nrdh tpUJ kw;Wk; tp\p\;j Nrth tpUJ Mfpatw;iwg; ngw;Ws;shh;.

jw;Nghija epiy:

,th; jw;nghOJ kN`htpy; my;yJ lhf;lh; mk;Ngj;fh; efhpy; cs;s ,e;jpa ,uhZt fhyhl; gilg;gs;spapd; jiytuhfg; gzpahw;Wfpd;whh;.

kj;jpag; gpuNjrj;jpd; kN`htpy; cs;s ,uhZtg; gs;spahdJ ,e;jpa ,uhZtj;jpd; kpfg;nghpa kw;Wk; goikahd ,uhZg; gapw;rp ikakhFk;.

,uhZtg; gs;spapd; xU gFjpahd ,uhZt Jg;ghf;fpr; RLjy; gphptpd; fPo; ,aq;Fk; Njrpa Jg;ghf;fp RLjy; mzpf;Fk; ,e;j epWtdk; gapw;rpaspf;fpd;wJ.

yP N[hq; - Cf; tpUJ:

2019 Mk; Mz;bd; nghJr; Rfhjhuj;jpw;fhd lhf;lh; yP N[hq; - Cf; epidT tpUij ,e;jpa kUj;Jt Muha;r;rp Mizak;g; nghJ ,af;Feufg; Nguhrphpauhd ghy;uhk; ghh;fth vd;gth; ngw;Ws;shh;.

n[dpthtpy; eilngw;w 72-tJ cyf Rfhjhu rig $l;lj;jpd; NghJ ,tUf;F ,t;tpUJ toq;fg;gl;lJ.

jpy;ypapy; cs;s va;k;]; kUj;Jtkidapy; ,Uja Neha; epGzuhd lhf;lh; ghh;fth vd;gtUf;F kUj;Jth; Gj;jhf;ftpayhsh; Muha;r;rpahsh; kw;Wk; gapw;rpahsh; Mfpatw;wpy; Ghpe;jjw;fhf ,t;tpUJ toq;fg;gl;lJ.

nghJr; Rfhjhuj;jpw;fhd lhf;lh; yP N[hq; - cf; epidT tpUjhdJ 2008 Mk; Mz;by; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

nghJr; Rfhjhuj;jwp;F jiytpwe;j gq;fspg;ig Mw;wpa jdpegh;fs;> epWtdq;fs;> muR rhuh kw;Wk; muR rhh; mikg;GfSf;F ,t;tpUJ toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

,t;tpUjhdJ „epWtdhplkpUe;J‟ xU Nflak; kw;Wk; 1>00>000 lhyUf;F mjpfkpy;yhj epjp Mfpatw;iwf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;.

WHO-d; fPo; toq;fg;gLk; mju epue;ju tpUJfs; gpd;tUkhW


The Sasakawa Health Prize Ihsan Dogramaci Family Health

Foundation Prize

United Arab Emirates Health Foundation Prize

The State of Kuwait Prize for Research in Health Promotion

9 lhl;]; tpUJ:

,e;jpa vOj;jhsuhd md;dp irjp vd;gth; 2019 Mk; Mz;bw;fhd 9 lhl;]; tpUjpd; ntw;wpahsuhf mwptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

9 lhl;]; tpUJ vd;gJ r%fg; gpur;ridfis vjph;nfhs;tjw;fhd gilg;ghf;ff; fUj;jpw;fhf toq;fg;gLk; xU tpUjhFk;.

,e;j tpUjpd; ngauhdJ nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s Fwpg;Gfisj; jtph;j;J mjpf mstpy; rpe;jpj;J vOJk; jpwd; nfhz;l xU gf;fthl;by; rpe;jpj;J tpilaspf;Fk; Gjpuhd 9 lhl;]; gjpiuf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ.

,e;j tpUjhdJ Nfk;gphpl;[; gy;fiyf;fofk; kw;Wk; Nfk;gphpl;[; gy;fiyf;fof Clfk; Mfpatw;wpd; MjuTld; flh]; tpUJ mwf;fl;lisapdhy; toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

2018-19 Mk; Mz;bd; cyf Mrpah;:

ngq;fS&itr; Nrh;e;j kUj;Jtuhd N`kh jpthfh; vd;gtUf;F „2018-19 Mk; Mz;bd; cyf mrpah;‟ vd;w tpUJ toq;fp nfsutpf;fg;gl;lJ.

,th; 2019 Mk; Mz;bd; Mrpa kw;Wk; r%f kd;wf; $l;lj;jpd;NghJ „r%fk; kw;Wk; ehl;bw;F Mw;wpa gzp vd;w gphptpy; ,t;tpUijg; ngw;whh;.

„Mz;bd; cyf Mrpah;‟ vd;w tpUjhdJ Mz;LNjhWk; Mrpah Xd; vd;W gj;jphpf;if toq;Fk; jiyik tpUjhFk;.

n[h;kd; Ntjpapay; tpUJ – md;Fh; - gl;lth;fs;

vy;Nrtpah; mwf;fl;lisapd ; ISC3 gRik kw;Wk; ePbj;j Ntjpapay; Nghl;b vd;w xU rj;tNjrg; Nghl;b rkPgj;jpy; eilngw;wJ.

,e;jg; Nghl;bapy; g+Nditr; Nrh;e;j md;Fh; gl;lth;jd; ,uz;lhtJ ,lj;ijg; gpbj;jhh;.

„kfue;jh; Nrh;f;if kw;Wk; tskhd Rw;Wr; #oYf;fhd gl;lhk; g+r;rpiaf; ftUjy;‟ vd;w jiyg;G nfhz;l ,tuJ jpl;lk; Ntjpapay; kw;Wk; Rw;Wr; #oiyg; gw;wpf; $Wfpd;wJ.

mdpjh ghl;bah – I.eh. Jiz eph;thf ,af;Feh;:

I.eh. nghJr; nrayhsh; mz;l;NlhdpNah Fl;Nlu]; vd;gth; td Nkyhz;ik> ePbj;j jd;ik kw;Wk; gq;Fhpik Mfpatw;wpw;fhd ghypd rkj;Jtk; kw;Wk; ngz;fSf;F mjpfhukspj;jYf;fhd I.eh. epWtdj;jpd; (United Nationas Entity for Gender Fquality and the Empowermetn of Women (UN – Women) for

Resource Managemtn Sustainability and Partnerships) Jiz eph;thf ,af;Fduhf mdpjh ghl;bahit epakpj;Js;shh;.

,jw;F Kd;G If;fpa ehLfspd; Jizg; nghJr; nrayhsh; kw;Wk; I.eh. ngz;fs; mikg;gpd; Jiz eph;thf ,af;Fduhf ,e;jpaj; J}jh; kw;Wk; ghypd rkj;Jt Mh;tyuhd yl;Rkp g+hp vd;gth; gzpahw;wpdhh;.


Nfhy;l;Nkd; Rw;Wr;R+oy; ghpR:

ahidfs;> Fs;s ePh;ahidfs; kw;Wk; rpk;gd;rp Nghd;w caphpdq;fspd; tho;tplkhf ,Uf;Fk; 50 rJu fp.kP. gug;gsTila fhLfis gid vz;nza; Njhl;lkhf khw;w epidj;j> Nfhy;ld; ntNuhypak; iygPhpah gid vz;iza; epWtdj;jpd; nraiy jLj;J epWj;jp> mjd; Fw;wr;rhl;Lfis mk;gyg;gLj;jpajw;fhf iygPhpahtpd; Rw;Wr;R+oy; tof;FiuQUk; NghuhspAkhd My;gpul; gpnusdYf;F> elg;ghz;bd; Nfhy;l;Nkd; Rw;Wr;R+oy; ghpR toq;fp nfsutpf;fg;gl;lJ.

td;$thpd; ypz;lh fhh;rpah> tlkhrpNlhdpahtpd; mdhnfhNyhtpf; nyNrh];fh> kq;Nfhypahtpd; gah;[h;fhy; mf;thd;l;nrnud;> Ff; jPTfspd; [hf;Fypd; vthd;];> rpyp ehl;bd; my;gh;l;Nlh fpa+uhkpy; MfpNahh; ,g;ghpir ngw;w gpwuhth;. Nfhy;l;Nkd; Rw;Wr;R+oy; ghpR vd;gJ jq;fs; capiug;gzak; itj;J ,g;Gtpia fhg;ghw;w ghLgl;l 6 ntt;NtW fz;lq;fisr; Nrh;e;j 6 Rw;Wr;R+oy; NghuhspfSf;F Mz;LNjhWk; toq;fg;gLk; ghprhFk;.

PK fpU\;z Nkdd; tpUJ:

FbNaw;w ePf;fg; gj;jphpf;ifj; Jiwapd; Kd;Ndhbahf rpwg;ghd gq;fspg;ig nra;jikf;fhf njd;dhg;gphpf;fhtpy; thOk; ,e;jpa tk;rhtspiar; Nrh;e;j gj;jphpf;ifahsh; GD,uhgh;l; NfhNte;jh; mth;fSf;F> If;fpa ,uh[;[paj;jpy;> elg;ghz;Lf;fhd VKfpU\;zNkdd; tpUJ toq;fp nfsutpf;fg;gl;lJ. 60 Mz;Lfhy njhopy;Kiw tho;f;ifapy;> gug;Giu gj;jpupf;ifahsh; kw;Wk; Mrpupauhf ,th; jd;id Nkk;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lhh;.

NkYk; tpisahl;L mzpfspy; nts;isah;fs; kl;LNk ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w njd; Mg;gphpf;fhit> rh;tNjr mstpy; Gwf;fzpg;G nra;tjw;fhd miog;ig tpLj;j Kjy; gj;jphpifahsUk; ,th;jhd;. ,e;jpa J}jUk;> murpay;thjpAkhd VKfpU\;z Nkddpd; 123MtJ gpwe;jehis epid$Uk; tifapy;> gphpl;lidr; rhh;e;j VKfpU\;z Nkdd; mwf;fl;lis elj;jpa xU epfo;tpd;NghJ>GDuhgh;l; NfhNte;jhpd; kiwTf;Fg;gpd;dhf ,t;tpUJ toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

cyf kf;fspilNa fy;yhikia xopg;gJ> mwptpid tsh;g;gJ> fpof;fj;jpa fiy kw;Wk; fyhr;rhuj;ij Cf;Ftpg;gJ> tWikia xopg;gJ> gutyhf;fj;ij Cf;Ftpg;gJ kw;Wk; cyfj;jpy; mzp Nruh ,af;fj;ij Cf;Ftpg;gJ Mfpad ,e;j mwf;fl;lisapd; Nehf;fq;fshFk;. VK

fpU\;zd; vd;gth; Rje;jug; Nghuhl;l tPuUk; tpLjiy ,e;jpahtpd; If;fpa ,uh[;[paj;jpw;fhd Kjy; cauhizaUk; Mthh;. gpd;dh; mth; [t`h;yhy; NeUtpd; mikr;ruitapy; ehl;bd; ghJfhg;G mikr;ruhfTk; gzpGhpe;Js;shh;.

I.eh.tpd; Gjpa SDG tof;FiuQu;:

,e;jpa ebif jpah kph;rh kw;Wk; mypghgh epWtdj;jpd; epWtdh; [hf; kh cs;spl;l 17 Ngiu ePbj;j tsh;r;rp ,yf;FfSf;fhd Gjpa J}Jth;fshf If;fpa ehLfspd; nghJr; nrayhsh; Mz;ldpNah Fl;lu]; epakpj;Js;shh;. 2015Mk; Mz;L nrg;lk;gh; 25 md;W cyfj; jiyth;fshy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l ePbj;j tsh;r;rp ,yf;Ffis tpiuthf miltjw;F tpopg;Gzh;it mjpfg;gLj;Jjy;> cw;rhfg;gLj;Jjy;> Cf;fg;gLj;Jjy; kw;Wk; tpiuthd ebtbf;iffSf;fhd Xh; ce;Jjyhf ,th;fs; nray;gLthh;fs;.

ngy;[pah;fspd; ,uhzp kj;jpy;Nj> \pf;fh Nkhrh gpd;l; ehrh;. epWtdh;> v[{Nf\d; mNght; My; gTz;Nl\d; (fj;jhh; ehL)> gphpl;b\; jpiuf;fij vOj;jhsh;> jahhpg;ghsh; kw;Wk; jpiug;gl ,af;feh; hpr;rh;l; fh;b];> Nehgy; ghpRngw;w ejpah Kuhj;> epiyahd tsh;r;rp ikaj;jpd; ,af;Feh;> nfhyk;gpah gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd; n[g;hp rhf;];> gpNurpypa fhy;ge;J tPuh; kw;Wk; I.eh. ngz;fs; ey;nyz;z J}jh; kw;Wk; epWtdh; kw;Wk; jiyik eph;thf mjpfhhp> tpl;Nlfh; mikjp &tsh;r;rp Kd;ndLg;G> ghu];l; tpl;Nlfh; MfpNahh; Gjpjhf epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;s gpw SDGtof;FiuQh;fshth;.


JKFtpUJ:

gh];ldpy; cs;s [hd; Fnfd;db mjpgUf;Fhpa E}yfk; kw;Wk; mUq;fhl;rpaj;jpy; ele;j tpohtpy;> mnkhpf;f murpay;thjp ehd;]p ngNyhrpf;F> elg;ghz;bd; Jzpr;rYf;fhd [hd; Fnfd;db tpUJ toq;fp nfsutpf;fg;gl;lJ.

Kd;dhs; mjgh; ghuf; xghkhtpd; 2010Mk; Mz;L Rfhjhu ghJfhg;Gr; rl;lj;ij epiwNtw;Wtjpy; ,Ue;j mtuJ Kaw;rpf;fhfTk;> fle;jhz;L Njh;jypd;NghJ mnkhpf;f ehlhSkd;wj;jpd; fl;Lg;ghl;il kf;fshl;rpahsh;fs; trk; nfhz;Lnry;y cjtpajw;fhfTk; mth; nfsutpf;fg;gl;Ls;shh;. fle;j [dthp khjk; Kjy; mnkhpf;f ehlhSkd;wg; gpujpepjpfs; mitj; jiytuhf ngNyhrp gzpahw;wptUfpwhh;.

lhf; `khn\y;l; gjf;fk;:

gzpapd;NghJ caph;ePj;jth;fSf;Fk;> Jzpr;ry;kpf;NfhUf;Fk; toq;fg;gLk; ngUikkpF If;fpa ehLfs; lhf; `khn\y;l; gjf;fkhdJ> elg;ghz;by; toq;fg;glTs;s 119 uhZt> fhty;Jiw kw;Wk; Ml;rpg;gzp mjpfhhpfSs; fhty;Jiw mjpfhhp [pNje;jh; FkhUk; xUtuhthh;. fhq;Nfh kf;fshl;rp Fbaurpy; (MONUSCO)I.eh mikg;gpd; epiyg;gLj;jy; jpl;lj;jpy; gzpahw;Wk;NghJ Fkhh; kpfr;rpwe;j jpahfj;ijr; nra;jhh;.

Nk 29 md;W rh;tNjr I.eh mikjpf; fhg;ghsh;fs; jpd mDrhpg;gpd;NghJ eilngWk; tpohtpy;> kiwe;j ,e;jpa mikjf;fhg;ghshpd; rhh;ghf I.ehTf;fhd ,e;jpahtpd; epue;ju gpujpepjp J}jh; iraj; mf;gUjPd; mg;gjf;fj;ij ngw;Wf;nfhs;thh;. I.eh.mikjpf; fhg;gpw;fhf rPUilg;gzpahsh;fis gq;fspg;G nra;tjpy; ehd;fhtJ nghpa ehlhf ,e;jpah cs;sJ.

tpisahl;L epfo;Tfs;

nkhpypNghd; fphpf;nfl; rq;fk; (MCC):

2019 Mk; Mz;L Nk 01 md;W ,q;fpyhe;jpd; nkhpypNghd; fphpf;nfl; rq;fj;jpd; (Marylebone Criclet

Club – MCC) jiytuhf ,yq;if fphpf;nfl; mzpapd; Kd;dhs; jiytuhd Fkhh; rq;ffhuh epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;shh;.

,r;rq;j;jpw;Fj; jiyikNaw;Fk; KjyhtJ gphpl;B\; my;yhj eguhf rq;ffhuh cUntLj;Js;shh;.

1787 Mk; Mz;by; nkhpypNghd; fphpf;nfl; rq;fk; njhlq;fg;gl;lJ.

MCC vd;gJ cyfpd; kpfTk; Gfo;ngw;w fphpf;nfl; ikjhdkhd jp thh;l;]pd; chpikahsh; MFk;.

,J 1991 Mk; Mz;L tiu ,q;fpyhe;J Nty;]; kw;Wk; cyff; fphpf;nfl;il eph;tfpj;jJ.

1993 Mk; Mz;by; Irprp NCC – International Cricket Council– rh;tNjr fphpf;nfl; FOkk; MdJ MCCaplkpUe;J cyf fphpf;nfl; eph;thfj;ij vLj;Jf; nfhz;lJ.

Mrpa rhiy ghuh – kpjptz;b Xl;Ljy; rhk;gpad; 2019:

Mrpa rhiy ghuh – kpjtz;b Xl;Ljy; rhk;gpad; MdJ c];ngfp];jhdpd; jh\;fz;by; 28 ehLfspd; gq;Nfw;Gld; elj;jg;gl;lJ.

,e;jpahitr; Nrh;e;j ghuh – kpjptz;b Xl;Leh;fs; xU nts;sp kw;Wk; ,uz;L ntz;fyg; gjf;fq;fis ntd;wdh;.

jpt;[p \h 65 gphpit njhlh;r;rpahf jdJ %d;whtJ nts;spg; gjf;fj;jpid ntd;whh;.

Mrpa ghuh tpisahl;L Nghl;bfspy; ntz;fyg; gjf;fk; ntd;wtuhd Fh;yhy; rpq; Mrpa mstpyhd tpisahl;Lfspy; C4 gphptpy; ntz;fyj;ij ntd;w Kjy; kpjtz;b Xl;LeuhfpAs;shh;.


kfhuh\;buhitr; Nrh;e;j if kpjptz;b Xl;Leuhd Rjhfh; kuhj;Nj H5 gphptpy; ,e;jpahtpw;fhf ntz;fyg; gjf;fj;jpid ntd;whh;.

nth;[pd; kzp yz;ld; khuj;jhd; - 2019:

,q;fpyhe;jpd; yz;ldpy; eilngw;w 2019 Mk; Mz;bw;fhd Gfo;ngw;w nth;[pd; kzp yz;ld; khuj;jhd; Nghl;bapy; ,e;jpay; khuj;jhd; tPuuhd epNje;jpuh rpq; uhtj; 2 kzp Neuk; 19 epkplk; 59 tpdhbfspy; J}uj;ijf; fle;J 27tJ eguhf Nghl;bahf Kbj;jhh;.

,J ,thpd; tho;ehs; ge;jaq;fspy; 4tJ Ntfkhd kw;Wk; ,e;j gUtj;jpd; ,uz;lhtJ Ntfkhd ge;jakhFk;.

32 tajhd uhtj; nrg;lk;gh; mf;Nlhghpy; Njhfhtpy; eilngwTs;s cyf rhk;gpad;\pg; Nghl;bf;Fj; jFjp ngw;Ws;shh;.

Mrpa ,isNahh; kfsph; ifg;ge;jJ rhk;gpad;\pg; - 2019:

2019 Mk; Mz;bd; Mrpa ,isNahh; kfsph; ifg;ge;J rhk;gpad;\pg; Nghl;bapyd; 8tJ gjpg;ghdJ Mf];l; 21 Kjy; 30 tiu n[ag;g+hpy; eilngwTs;sJ.

,g;Gfo;kpf;f Nghl;bia n[a;g;g+h; elj;JtJ ,JNt Kjd;KiwahFk;.

2015 Mk; Mz;L ifg;ge;J $l;likg;gpdhy; Vw;ghL nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ.

,Jtiu eilngw;w 7 Nghl;bfspYk; rhk;gpad; gl;lk; ntd;Ws;s rhk;gpad; gl;lk; ntd;Ws;s njd;nfhhpahthdJ ,g;Nghl;bj; njhlhpy; njhlh;e;J Mjpf;fk; nrYj;jp tUfpd;wJ.

Mrpad; ];Fth\; rhk;gpad;\pg;:

Nfhyhk;g+hpy; eilngw;w Mrpa jdpegh; ];Fth\;> rhk;gpad;\pg;gpy; N[h];dh rpd;dg;gh kw;Wk; rt;ut; Nfhry; MfpNahh; rhk;gpad;fshf cUntLj;Js;sdh;.

,J njhlh;ghd jfty;fSf;F ,q;Nf nfhLf;fTk; (Njjp 05-04-2019)

Fj;Jr; rz;il:

Nghye;jpd; th;\htpd; eilngw;w 36-tJ ngypf;]; ];lhk; rh;tNjrf; Fj;Jr; rz;ilg; Nghl;bj; njhlhpy; ,e;jpaf; Fj;Jr; rz;il tPuh;fs; 6 gjf;fq;fis ntd;Ws;sdh;.

52 fpNyh gpuhk; vilg; gphptpy; fTuy; Nrhyq;fp ,q;fpyhe;ijr; Nrh;e;j tpy;ypak; ft;Ny vd;gtij tPo;j;jp jq;fg; gjf;fk; ntd;whh;.

60 fpNyh fpuhk; vilg; gphptpy; nfsrpf; vd;gth; nkhuhf;Nfhitr; Nrh;e;j KfkJ fk;Nkhj; vd;gtiu tPo;j;jp jq;fg; gjf;fk; ntd;whh;.

,ju ,e;jpaf; Fj;J rz;il tPuh;fs; xU nts;sp kw;Wk; 3 ntz;fyg; gjf;fq;fis ntd;Ws;sdh;.

gphPkpah; yPf;:

khd;nr];lh; efukhdJ njhlh;e;J ,uz;lhtJ Kiwahf Mq;fpy gphPkpah; yPf; (EPL English Primiler

League) fhy;ge;Jg; gl;lj;ij ntd;Ws;sJ. ,e;j yPf; njhlhpy; yPth;g+y; mzpahdJ ,uz;lhtJ ,lj;ij gpbj;Js;sJ.

„jp gphPkpah; yPf;‟ vd;W miof;fg;gLk; Mq;fpy gphPkpah; yPf;fhdJ 1992 Mk; Mz;L gpg;uthp 20 md;W njhlq;fg;gl;lJ.

,J ,q;fpyhe;jpy; fhy;ge;J njhlhpd; Kd;dzp epiyiaf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ.


EPL MdJ 20 rq;ffspdhy; gq;F nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ. xt;nthU mzpAk; xl;Lnkhj;jkhf 38 Nghl;bfspy; tpisahLk; (xU mzpahdJ cs;Sh; kw;Wk; ntspa+h; Nghl;bfspy; 19 mzpapdiu vjph;j;J tpisahLk;.)

Xt;nthU njhlUk; Mf];l; Kjy; Nk khjk; tiu eilngWfpd;wJ.

tPuh;fisf; fz;fhzpj;jy;:

gprprpI MdJ tpisahl;L tPuh;fisf; fz;fhzpg;gjw;fhf jlfs Nkyhz;ik mikg;G (AMS –

Athlete Management System) vd;w xU nkd;nghUisAk; Gtpaplq;fhl;b nghUj;jg;gl;l mzpaj; jFe;j rhjdq;fisAk; mwpKfg;gLj;jpAs;sJ.

AMSMdJ tpisahl;L tPuh;fspd; Nrhh;T kw;Wk; fhaq;fs; Fwpj;J fz;fhzpg;gjw;fhf 2018 Mk; Mz;by; eilngw;w Mrpaf; Nfhg;igj; njhlhpypUe;Jg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

ePz;l ehl;fs; eilngWk; Igpvy; njhlhpd; NghJ tPuh;fspd; Nkyhz;ik kpf Kf;fpakhd xd;whf khwpaJ.

AMSMdJ nraw;if Ez;zwpitr; rhh;e;Js;sJ. ,J tPuh;fSf;Fj; Njitg;gLk; cwf;fk; Fwpj;Jk; fz;fhzpf;Fk;.

gprprpI MdJ 2019 Mk; Mz;bd; cyff; Nfhg;igf;fhd jahh; epiy kw;Wk; xt;nthU tPuhpd; jw;Nghija jFjpepiyj; jfty;fisg; guhkhpf;fpd;wJ.

#jhl;lk; kw;Wk; Coy;:

cyff; Nfhg;ig tuyhw;wpy; Kjd;Kiwahf> eilngwtpUf;Fk; 2019 Mk; Mz;bd; Irprp cyff; Nfhg;igg; Nghl;bapy; gq;Nfw;ftpUf;Fk; xt;nthU ehLk;> jd; mzpAld; xU gpuj;jpNaf Coy; vjph;g;G mjpfhhpiaf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;.

mth;fs; gapw;rp Ml;lq;fspy; njhlq;fpg; Nghl;bapd; ,Wjp Ml;lk; tiu me;j mzpapy; ,Ug;gh;.

mth;fs; tpisahl;L tPuh;fs; jq;Fk; tpLjpapNyNa jq;ftpUf;fpd;wdh;. NkYk;. tPuh;fs; gapw;rpf;fhTk; Nghl;bfSf;fhfTk; gazk; Nkw;nfhs;Sk; NghJ ,th;fSk; cld; nry;ytpUf;fpd;wdh;.

ngz; eLth;fs;;:

tuyhw;wpy; Kjy;Kiwahf Mz;fs; tpisahLk; Nghl;bapy; eLth;fs; midtUk; ngz;fshf ,Ug;gh; vd;W Mrpaf; fhy;ge;J $l;likg;g (Asian football Confederation – AFC) rkPgj;jpy; mwptpj;Js;sJ.

,th;fs; Mz;fs; fhz;bndd;ly; rq;ff; Nfhg;ig Nghl;bapy; eLth;fshfg; gq;F ngwtpUf;fpd;wdh;.

,e;jj; jdpj;Jt rpwg;igg; ngWk; ngz; eLth;fs; gpd;tUkhW [g;ghidr; Nrh;e;j Nehkp njrpNuh`p NkhN`hNlh NghNrhNdh kw;wk; Nah\pkp ahkhrpl;lh MfpNahuhth;.

M];jpNuypahitr; Nrh;e;j ngz;kzpfshd miyrd; g;isd; kw;Wk; rhuhf; Nfh MfpNahh; 2014 Mk; Mz;by; eilngw;w AFCNfhg;ig Nghl;bapy; Jiz eLth;fshf gq;F ngw;w KjyhtJ ngz;kzpfshf cUntLj;Js;sdh;.

IAAF cyfj; njhlh; Xl;lk; 2019:

rh;tNjr jlfs $l;likg;Gr; rq;fj;jpd; (International Association of Athietics Federation – IAAF) 2019 Mk; Mz;bw;fhd cyfj; njhlh; Xl;lkhdJ [g;ghdpd; NahNfh`hkhtpy; cs;s eprhd; ikjhdj;jpy; eilngw;wJ.


,uz;L ehl;fs; eilngw;w ,g;Nghl;bapy; 43 ehLfs; gq;Nfw;wd.

,e;jg; Nghl;bahdJ rh;tNjr jlfs $l;likg;Gr; rq;fj;jpdhy; Vw;ghL nra;ag;gl;bUe;jJ.

,uz;lhz;LfSf;F xUKiw eilngWk; ,g;Nghl;bahdJ filrpahf 2017 Mk; Mz;by; g`hkh]; jPtpy; erhAtpy; eilngw;wJ.

Gjpa ghl;kpz;ld; tbtk;:

cyf ghl;kpz;ld; $l;likg;ghdJ (Bedminton World Federation – DWG)- ghl;kpz;ld; tpisahl;bd; ,uz;L Gjpa Kiwfis mwpKfg;gLj;jpAs;sJ mitahtd Vh; ghl;kpz;ld; bhpgpy;];

ghuk;ghpakhf tpisahlg;gl;L tUk; Ngl;kpz;ld; Nghl;bahdJ (g+g;ge;J) xU cs;suq;f tpisahl;lhFk;. Mdhy; Vh; Ngl;kpz;ld; tpisahl;lhdJ gue;j ntsp muq;fpy; tpisahlg;gLtjhFk;.

Vh; Ngl;kpz;ld; tpisahl;L kw;Wk; xU Gjpa ,jw;Fg; ge;J tpisahl;L Mfpait rPdhtpd; Fthd;Nrhtpy; njhlq;fg;gl;ld.

ntspg;Gw Kiwapyhd tpisahl;lhdJ kz; kw;wk; rpwpa ghpkhzKs;s jply;fs; Nghd;w mDkjpf;fg;gl;l ikjhdq;fspy; ntWq;fhYld; tpisahlg;gLtjhFk;.

“bhpgpy;];‟ Kiwapy; xt;nthU mzpAk; 3 tPuh;fisf; nfhz;bUf;fk; mtw;wpy; xUth; fl;lhak; kfspuhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

mutpe;j; rpjk;guk; - rJuq;fg; gl;lk;:

Njrpa rJuq;fg; Nghl;bfspd; midj;Jg; ghpTfspYk; xNu rkaj;jpy; ntw;wpahsuhf ,Ug;gth; vd;w jdpg;ngUk; rhjidapid mutpe;j; rpjk;guk; ngw;Ws;shh;.

,th; kJiuiar; Nrh;e;jtuhthh;.

,th; rkPgj;jpy; [ye;jhpy; eilngw;w Njrpa mstpyhd Nghl;bfspy; Nugpl; (Rapid) kw;Wk; gpypl;]; gphpTfspy; gl;lq;fis ntd;Ws;shh;.

,th; 2018 Mk; Mz;L brk;ghpy; [k;Ktpy; eilngw;w Njrpa Xgd; Mlth; rhk;gpad; gl;lj;ijAk; ntd;Ws;shh;.

iuNah gpur;rhuk;:

Mz;fs; cyff; Nfhg;ig fphpf;nfl; Nghl;bfs; Jtq;fpaijaLj;J fpiuNah (CRIIO) vd;w xU gpur;rhuj;ij rh;tNjr fphpf;nfl; Mizak; Jtq;fpAs;sJ.

fpiuNah vd;gJ xt;nthUtUk; mtuth; ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;jpy; mtuth; topapy; fphpf;nfl; tpisahLtijf; nfhz;lhLfpwJ cyff; fphpf;nfl; mth;fis fpiuNah vd;w gpur;rhuj;jpd; fPo; Xhpdkhff; fUjfpwJ.


Nk khj Kf;fpa jpdq;fs;

ehs; nfhz;lhlg;gLk; Kf;fpa jpdk; fUg;nghUs; / nray;ghLfs; 1 Nk jpdk; ,e;jpahtpy; KjyhtJ njhopyhsu; jpdkhdJ

vk;.rpq;fhuNtyu; vd;gtuhy; nrd;idapy; 1923Mk; Mz;by; mDrupf;fg;gl;lJ.

2 cyf flTr; nrhy; jpdk; ,j;jpdkhdJ rpwe;j flTr;nrhy; ghJfhg;gpd; Njit Fwpj;J tpopg;Gzu;it Vw;gLj;Jtijf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ.

4 ru;tNjrj; jPaizg;ghsu;fs; jpdk; ,j;jpdkhdJ xt;nthU ehSk; capu;fs; kw;Wk; nrhj;Jf;fisg; ghJfhg;gjw;fhf jq;fs; capiug; nghUl;gLj;jhky; nray;gLk; jPaizg;G tPuu;fSf;fhf mu;g;gzpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

4 cyf M];Jkh jpdk; “M];Jkhit epWj;Jjy;” 5 cyf gj;jpupf;if Rje;jpu jpdk; And];Nfhtpd; gupe;Jiufisj; njhlu;e;J

1993Mk; Mz;L brk;gh; khjj;jpy; cyf gj;jpupf;if Rje;jpu jpdkhdJ If;fpa ehLfs; nghJr; rigapdhy; giw rhw;wg;gl;lJ.

5 cyf rpupg;G (eifg;nghyp) jpdk; ,e;jj; jpdj;jpd; Nehf;fk; rpupg;gpd; %yk; xU cyfshtpa rNfhjuj;Jtk; kw;Wk; el;G vd;w czu;T epiyiaf; fl;likg;gjhFk;.

7 cyf jlfs tpisahl;L jpdk; cyfshtpa jsfsf; $l;likg;ghd “ru;tNjr jlfs kd;wf; $l;likg;Gfspd;”(International

Association of Athletics Federations – IAAF)Kd;dhs; jiytuhd gpiuNgh negpNyh vd;gtu; 1996Mk; Mz;by; ,j;jpdj;ijj; njhlq;fp itj;jhu;.

8 cyf nrQ;rpYit kw;Wk; nrk;gpiw ehs;

“cyf nrQ;rpYit kw;Wk; nrk;gpiw jpdk;” vd;w ngaiug; ngw;wJ.

8 cyf jhyrPkpah Neha; jpdk; “cyfstpy; jukhd jhyrPkpah Rfhjhur; Nritfis mZfy;: NehahspfSf;fhd kw;Wk; NehahspfSldhd cwTfisf; fl;likj;jy;”

8 ,uz;lhk; cyfg; Nghhpd;NghJ capupoe;jtu;fspd; epidT kw;Wk; rkurj;jpw;fhd Neuk;

vjpu;fhyj; jiyKiwapdu;fisg; NghupypUe;Jg; ghJfhj;jy;. If;fpa ehLfspd; rhrdj;jpw;F ,zq;f mikjpahd topfspy; midj;Jg; gpur;rpidfisAk; jPu;j;Jf; nfhs;Sjy;.

11 cyf ,lg;ngau;T gwit jpdk; “gwitfisg; ghJfhj;jy;: nefpop khRghl;bw;fhd xU jPu;T”

11 Njrpa njhopy;El;g jpdk; ,e;jpaj; njhopy;El;g tsu;r;rp thupakhdJ ,j;jpdj;jpy; mwptpay; kw;Wk; njhopy; El;gj; Jiwapy; rpwe;j gq;fspg;ig Vw;gLj;jpa jdpegu;fSf;F Njrpa tpUJfis toq;fp ,j;jpdj;ij mDrupf;fpd;wJ.

12 cyf rhiyg; ghJfhg;G thuk; “rhiyg; ghJfhg;gpw;fhd jiyikg; gz;G” “capu;fisg; ghJfhj;jy; mJFwpj;J NgR”

12 ru;tNjr nrtpypau; jpdk; “nrtpypau;fs; - topelj;Jtjw;fhd Fuy; - midtUf;Fk; eyd;”

12 cyfj; jha;khu;fs; jpdk; ,J cyfk; KOtJKs;s midj;J jha;khu;fSf;Fk; kupahij nrYj;Jtjw;fhfTk;


jha;ikiaf; nfsutpg;gjw;fhfTk; mDrupf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

15 ru;tNjr FLk;gq;fs; jpdk; “FLk;gq;fs; kw;Wk; gUtepiy eltbf;if SDG 13 kPjhd ftdk;”

16 Njrpa nlq;F jpdk; nlq;F fha;r;ryhdJ Vb]; v[pg;jp (ypd;Nda];) vDk; ngz; nfhRthy; Vw;gLk; nfhRf; fbahy; gug;gg;gLfpd;w 1-14 ,uj;j Ez;Zapuptif DENV

vDk; nlq;F itu]hy; Vw;gLfpd;wJ. 16 ru;tNjr xsp jpdk; mwptpay;> fyhr;rhuk;> fiy> fy;tp> ePbj;j

tsu;r;rp> kUj;Jtk;> jfty; njhlu;G kw;Wk; Mw;wy; Mfpatw;wpy; xspapd; gq;fpidg; Nghw;wpl Ntz;b And];NfhthdJ ,e;jj; jpdj;ij mjpfhug; g+u;tkhf filgpbj;J tUfpd;wJ.

16 rkhjhdj;Jld; ,ize;J tho;tjw;fhd ru;tNjr jpdk;

,e;j jpdkhdJ rkhjhdk;> rfpg;Gj; jd;ik> cs;slf;fk;> xw;Wik kw;Wk; cyf mstpyhd Gupjy; Mfpatw;iw Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf tUle;NjhWk; mDrupf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

17 ntrhf; - KO epyT jpdk; 1999 Mk; Mz;by; I.eh. nghJr; rigahdJ khDlj;jpd; Md;kPfj;jpw;F Gj;j kjj;jpd; gq;fspg;ig mq;fPfupg;gjw;fhf ru;tNjr mstpy; ntrhf; jpdj;ij mq;fPfupj;jJ.

17 cyf njhiyj;njhlu;G kw;Wk; jfty; r%f jpdk;

“juepiy ,ilntspia ,izj;jy;”

17 cyf cau; ,uj;j mOj;j jpdk; “cd;Dila vz;fis mwpe;J nfhs;” 18 cyf va;l;]; jLg;G kUe;J jpdk; fpspz;ld; epfo;j;jpa ciuapd; epidtpid

mDrupg;gjw;fhf 1998 Mk; Mz;L Nk 18 md;W KjyhtJ va;l;]; jLg;G kUe;J jpdk; mDrupf;fg;gl;lJ. vr;Itp njhw;W kw;Wk; va;l;]; Mfpatw;iwj; jLg;gjw;fhd kUe;jpd; Njit Fwpj;J tpopg;Gzu;it Vw;gLj;Jtjw;fhf ,j;jpdk; mDrupf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

18 ru;tNjr mUq;fhl;rpaf jpdk; “mUq;fhl;rpafq;fs; fyhr;rhu ikaq;fshFk;: kugpd; vjpu;fhyk;”

20 cyf mstpay; jpdk; “ru;tNjr myFfspd; mikg;Gfs; mbg;gilapy; rpwe;jJ”

20 cyf NjdP jpdk; 2017 Mk; Mz;L brk;gu; khjj;jpy; Nk 20 Mk; Njjpia cyf NjdP jpdkhf mwptpf;Fk; ];NyhNtdpah ehl;bd; gupe;Jiuf;F I.eh. cWg;G ehLfs; xg;Gjy; mspj;jd.

21 ciuahly; kw;Wk; tsu;r;rpf;fhd cyf fyhr;rhug; gd;Kfj; jd;ik jpdk;

,j;jpdkhdJ fyhr;rhug; gd;Kfj; jd;ikapd; kjpg;Gfs; Fwpj;j ekJ Gupjy;fis mjpfg;gLj;j xU tha;g;ig ekf;F toq;Ffpd;wJ.

22 ru;tNjr capupay; gd;Kfj; jd;ik jpdk;

“ekJ gy;Yapu;g; ngUf;fk;> ekJ czT ekJ MNuhf;fpak;”

23 cyff; fly; Mik jpdk; ,j;jpdkhdJ cynfq;fpYk; mope;J tUk;fly; Mikfs; kw;Wk; mitfspd; tho;tplq;fs; Mfpatw;iwg; ghJfhf;fTk; mtw;iwf; nfhz;lhl kf;fSf;F cjtTk; xU tUlhe;jpu mDrupg;ghf Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.


25 fhzhky; Ngha;f; nfhz;bUf;Fk; Foe;ijfSf;fhd ru;tNjr jpdk;

“vd;id kwe;J tpL – g+f;fis my;y”

25 cyf ijuha;L (Nfla) jpdk; ,j;jpdkhdJ ru;tNjr mstpy; ijuha;L Neha; Fwpj;J tpopg;Gzu;it Vw;gLj;JtijAk; jw;nghOJs;s Gjpa rpfpr;ir Kiwfs; gw;wp ftdk; nrYj;JtijAk; mtrukhfj; Njitg;gLk; jLg;Gj; jpl;lq;fspd; kPJ ftdk; nrYj;JtijAk; Nehf;fq;fshff; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

28 khjtplha; Rfhjhu jpdk; ,j;jpdf; nfhz;lhl;lj;jpd; NghJ> jkpo;ehL muR nrd;idapy; cs;s muR gy;Nehf;F rpwg;G kUj;Jtkidapy; &.5 kjpg;Gila Rfhjhuj; Jzpfs; tpw;gid ,ae;jpuj;ij epWtpAs;sJ.

28 tPu; rthu;fu; n[ae;jp 2002 Mk; Mz;by; ,tuJ epidthf me;jkhd; epf;Nfhghupd; jiyefuhd Nghu;l; gpNsaupy; cs;s tpkhd epiyaj;jpw;F tPu; rthu;fu; ru;tNjr tpkhd epiyak; vd;W ngauplg;gl;lJ.

29 ru;tNjr I.eh.mikjpg; gil tPuu;fs; jpdk;

1948 Mk; Mz;L Nk 29 md;W KjyhtJ I.eh. mikjpf; fhg;Gj; jpl;lk; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ,J ,];Nuy; kw;Wk; mjd; mz;ikapy; cs;s muG ehLfSf;fpilNaahd jw;fhypfg; Nghu; epWj;j xg;ge;jj;ij fz;fhzpf;Fk; gzpia Nkw;nfhz;lJ. 2003 Mk; Mz;L Kjy; ,j;jpdk; mDrupf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

29 ru;tNjr vtnu];l; jpdk; ,J 1953Mk; Mz;L Nk 29 md;W epa+rpyhe;ijr; Nru;e;j vl;kz;l; `pyhup kw;Wk; Neghsj;ijr; Nru;e;j nld;rpq; Nehu;Nf n\h;gh MfpNahu; vtnu];l; kiyapd; cr;rpia Kjd;Kiwahf mile;jjpd; epidthf ,j;jpdk; mDrupf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

31 cyf Gifapiyw;w jpdk; “Gifapiy kw;Wk; EiuaPuy; MNuhf;fpak;”

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