em waves
TRANSCRIPT
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND THE
ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
Electromagnetic Radiation Electromagnetic waves
perpendicular waves combing the electric and magnetic fields.
Electromagnetic waves are produced when an electric charge vibrates or accelerates and can travel through empty space or through matter.
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Gamma rays X – rays Ultraviolet Visible light Infra-red Microwaves Radio waves
Highest frequencyShortest wavelength
Lowest frequencyLongest wavelength
Electromagnetic Spectrum Diagram Diagram of Electromagnetic Spectrum
(including the relationship between frequency and wavelength).
Speed of Electromagnetic Waves
All electromagnetic waves travel at 3.0 x 108 m/s in a vacuum.
Speed of a wave formula: Speed = Frequency x Wavelength
As the frequency increases, the wavelength decreases.\
Electromagnetic Spectrum Includes the following types of waves
Radio Microwaves Radar Infrared Visible Light Ultraviolet X-Rays Gamma Rays
Hence this is the complete EM wave spectrum (the waves below in ascending order of wavelength; descending order of frequency )
Gamma rays
x-rays Ultra-violet ray
Visible light
Infra-red ray
Microwave Radio wave
Highest fShortest λ
Lowest fLongest λ
Gamma raysGamma rays have the shortest wavelengths and highest frequencies in the EM spectrum.It is generated by :
Changes in energy levels in the nucleus
Some radioactive substances and certain nuclear reactions produce gamma rays.
Because of their great penetrating ability, gamma rays can cause serious illness. However when used in controlled conditions, gamma rays is useful in cancer treatment.
Uses of Gamma Rays Kill cancer cells Study the
nucleus in atoms
Gamma Rays Gamma rays are the
highest energy electromagnetic wave.
They usually come from radioactive elements or stars Uses include:
Killing cancer cells Making pictures of the brain Inspection tools in industry
X-rays
X rays is generated by : a) Rapid deleceration of fast moving
electrons b) Changes in energy of innermost orbital
electrons
X-rays are used for :• diagnostic tool in dentistry and medicine.
Doctors and dentists can examine the condition of a person’s bones, the root of this teeth or the state of other inner part of the body.
• Custom officers at airports inspect the content of your luggage using X-rays.
• Industry wise, it is used to find cracks in structures just like cracks in bones.
X-Rays X-Rays have high energy and can
penetrate some material. Used in:
Medicine Industry Transportation
Too much exposure can damage living tissue or even cause cancer.
X - Rays X-Ray radiation has a high
…………………….. ability and can pass right through our bodies.
X-rays film forms images depending on the ………………….. of the X-rays falling on it.
The ……………….. left by things that the X-rays can't travel through (like bones or metal) form the …………… on medical X-rays.
Over exposure can cause ……….. …………………….
Uses of X-rays Take ‘pictures’ of
bones in the body Study the crystal
structure of crystalline substances
Check for cracks in metal plates
Ultraviolet Waves UV Light that is at a higher frequency and
energy than violet light. UV light can kill micro-organisms. Too much exposure can cause:
Sunburn, Wrinkles, and skin cancer As it damages cell DNA
Ultra-violetThe main source of ultra-violet radiation is sunlight and it is this
radiation which gives rise to suntan and also sunburn.
Ultra-violet radiation is used in hospitals to sterilize the surgical instruments and operating theatres as it kills bacteria and viruses.
UV can be detected by:
a) Photographic plates
b) Photoelectric cell
c) Fluorescence
Uses of Ultraviolet Detect
counterfeit notes Gives the clothes
a ‘glow’ effect in discotheques
Sun-tanning Sterilise medical
equipment
Visible Light Visible light is made up of the
various ..................... of colored light. The ……… is determined by the frequency of the
light. When electromagnetic radiation of this
frequency falls on our ……………. our brain interprets it as colour.
Visible LightVisible light is the part of the EM spectrum which can be detected by the human eye.
The visible light has its own spectrum which consist of the 7 colours of light :Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo Violet
An example of visible light is the colourful laser light or the light from a firework.
Some of the uses of light is in optical fibres in medicine and telecommunications.
Visible Light Our eyes detect
electromagnetic energy in a small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum called the visible light region.
The visible light region corresponds the wavelengths and frequencies of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet light.
Uses of Visible Light Enable us to
see things Photosynthesis
in plants
Infra-red wavesHeat can be transferred through infrared radiation.We often think of infra red as being the same thing as 'heat', because it makes our skin feel warm.
Most of you might have seen infra-red waves in use during the SARS period. (picture on the top right hand corner). It shows a thermo-detector which is placed outside hospitals/airport to identify the warm and cool parts of a person by analyzing infra-red radiation emitted from the person’s body. And through this we can see if someone is having a fever.
Infra red is useful for:- For navigation through fog & haze as it is less easily scattered compared to visible light- Medical treatment : to warm injured muscles/sports injuries
Uses of Infra-red Heating Haze
photography
Infrared image of a human body. Red is hot, blue is cool.
Infrared Waves Infrared waves are heat waves. All objects emit infrared waves because all
objects possess heat. Night vision goggles detect infrared waves and
allow the user to see the movement of objects in the dark.
Many TV remotes use infrared.
MicrowavesOne of their most common uses is in microwave ovens. When you switch on a microwave oven , it gives off electromagnetic waves that bounce around inside the oven, penetrating the food. Water molecules in the food absorb the energy from the microwaves, causing the food to get hot.
Other uses of microwaves: a) Radar communication (as it is not easily
blocked of by buildings/trees)b) Analysis of fine details of molecular and
atomic structurec) Useful demonstration of all wave
properties on macroscopic scaled) Telephone communication (mobile
phones, etc)
Uses of Microwaves Radar
communication Analysis of the
molecular and atomic structure
Telephone communications
Radio wavesRadio waves are the electromagnetic waves
with the longest wavelengths and lowest frequencies
Like all electromagnetic waves, radio waves can travel through a vacuum. However most of the radio waves we receive have traveled through air. Take the radio as an example. The radio converts the electromagnetic waves into the sound that comes out of the radio speakers.
Uses of radio waves:a) Radio and television communication
(to transmit sound and picture information over long distance)
b) Radar & satellite communicationc) Navigation or ships & aircrafts
Uses of Radio Waves Radar
communications TV and radio
broadcasting
Radio Waves Radio waves have the
………………… wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum.
These waves can be longer than a ………………. or as short as a …………….
Radio waves do more than just bring music to your radio.
They also carry …………. for your ……………… and ………………….. phones
THANK YOU ……..