emerit the industry-driven initiative on advanced...

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EMERIT

The Industry-Driven Initiative on Advanced Materials

for low carbon energy technologies

(Energy Materials for Europe – Research and Industry innovating Together)

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 4

PART I – VISION …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9

Background and overall Vision of the Industry-Driven Initiative …………………..………………………………………………….. 9

Importance of Advanced Materials sector for the European economy & global business dynamics ………………. 11

Added value of action at EU level and implementation via an Industry-Driven Initiative compared to “business

as usual” ………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…… 13

Scope and objectives of the Industry-Driven Initiative in the context of Horizon 2020 programme ……………….. 14

PART II – RESEARCH AND INNOVATION STRATEGY ………………………………………………………………………………….... 16

Scope of R&D and Innovation challenges to be addressed – Architecture of the Industry-Driven Initiative ……. 16

Outline of the 19 Innovation Topics composing the EMERIT Industry-Driven Initiative …………………………….……. 18

Key Component 1 – Advanced Materials to increase the energy performance of buildings ……………………….….. 19

Key Component 2 – Advanced Materials to make renewable electricity technologies competitive ………….……. 24

Key Component 3 – Advanced Materials to enable energy system integration ………………………………………….….. 29

Key Component 4 – Advanced Materials to enable the decarbonisation of the power sector ………………….……. 32

Indicative timeline and recommended budget distribution to realize expected impacts ……………………………..... 35

Time delivery of expected impacts per Key Component and per Innovation Topic ………………………………….…..… 39

Spread of interest across the engaged Industry active in the various value chains ………………………………….…….. 43

PART III – EXPECTED IMPACTS ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…. 44

Expected impacts on Industry & Society ………………………………………………………………………………………………….….…. 44

Expected impacts of achieving the specific R&I objectives (overall impact of Industry-Driven Initiative at EU

scale) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………. 45

Arrangements to monitor & assess progress towards achieving desired effects (KPIs) ………………………..…..……. 46

Additionality to existing activities, added value of action at EU level and of public intervention using EU funds

(benefits of an Industry-Driven Initiative compared to other options) ……………………………………………………...…… 51

Ability to leverage additional industrial investments in research & innovation and monitoring of industrial

commitments …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……. 53

PART IV – GOVERNANCE AND INFORMATION ON THE LEGAL ENTITY AND SUGGESTED ROLES FOR THE

INDUSTRY-DRIVEN INITIATIVE PARTNERS ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 57

Governance model of the Industry-Driven Initiative ………………………………………………………………………………..…….. 57

Statutes and modus operandi of the EMIRI association ……………………………………………………………………………….... 59

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ANNEX I – ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS …………………………………………………………………………………………..……. 61

ANNEX II – DESCRIPTION OF THE EMIRI ASSOCIATION ………………………………………………………………………………. 64

ANNEX III – BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE 19 INNOVATION TOPICS OF THE EMERIT IDI ……….……………………….. 67

ANNEX IV – SELECTION OF KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF ADVANCED MATERIALS

AND LOW CARBON ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES …………………………………………………………………………… 86

ANNEX V – REFERENCES ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………….. 96

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

EMERIT (Energy Materials for Europe – Research and Industry innovating Together) is the Industry-Driven

Initiative (IDI) on Advanced Materials for low carbon energy technologies put together by the EMIRI association.

In frame of Energy Union 1, Europe has the crucial strategic objective of providing citizens and businesses with a

more secure access to more affordable and more sustainable energy. To reduce carbon dioxide emissions, the

power sector will have to contribute more than others through resorting to low carbon energy technologies 2.

The adoption and deployment across Europe of low carbon energy technologies require however further cost

reduction 3. Advanced Materials (such as plastics, glass, steel, non-ferrous metals, ceramics …) accounting for an

important share of the cost of these technologies, it is therefore necessary to innovate constantly in field of

Advanced Materials to accelerate the transformation of our energy system to low carbon energy 4.

In frame of the Energy Union of President Juncker, the recent Communication to the European Parliament on the

Integrated SET Plan 5 acknowledges the need for innovation. Among the 10 key actions outlined, sustaining

technological leadership of EU by developing highly performant low carbon energy technologies, and reducing the

cost of these technologies are clearly enabled by Advanced Materials.

To reduce the cost & the risk and to accelerate innovation in Advanced Materials, about 60 industry players and

research organizations spread over 19 countries teamed up through EMIRI 6 (the Energy Materials Industrial

Research Initiative) and put together the EMERIT Industry-Driven Initiative on Advanced Materials for low carbon

energy technologies. Strongly aligned with innovation priorities of Industry & SET Plan Integrated Roadmap 3, the

Industry-Driven Initiative will bridge the gap between the lab and the market.

Based on reinforced public-private interactions, EMERIT is fully aligned with the SET Plan Integrated Roadmap 3

and the Integrated SET Plan Communication 5 aiming at accelerating the transformation of the European Energy

System through various key actions including more efficient and effective research & innovation across Europe.

The EMERIT Industry-Driven Initiative will

� Identify clear priorities for industrial growth & jobs in EU-based sector of Advanced Materials for low carbon

energy technologies

� Develop a strong presence in Europe of innovation ecosystems and manufacturing value chains

� By innovating with Advanced Materials fit to serve the demanding & growing market of low carbon energy

technologies

Advanced Materials represent a strong opportunity for Europe, its Industry and its citizens

The EU-based sector of Advanced Materials is estimated at 650 billion euro, employing more than 2.5 million people

(in direct jobs and 4 times more in indirect jobs) supporting the manufacturing in EU of more than 300 million tons

of materials 7. For any additional billion of revenues generated by the EU-based sector, 4.000 direct jobs are created.

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Also more than 3% of revenues are commonly re-invested into R&D leading to creation of 6.000 direct jobs for

researchers per billion euro re-invested into R&D 8.

The EU-based segment of Advanced Materials for low carbon energy technologies is estimated at 30 billion euro in

2015, employing more than 110.000 people in direct jobs and beyond 500.000 people when considering indirect

jobs as well 7. The Industry developing, manufacturing, and commercializing Advanced Materials for low carbon

energy technologies typically invests 800 million euro per year in R&D (about 3% R&D intensity) as well as 2 billion

euro per year in capital expenditures. It also employs 5.000 people in R&D (close to 5% of all workforce) 8.

Compared to investment in R&D in Europe of the whole manufacturing sector active in SET plan technologies (the

whole value chain of companies manufacturing materials, chemicals, components, devices, systems), the Industry

of Advanced Materials represents for sure a significant part. Jobs in Advanced Materials for low carbon energy

technologies represent around 50% of total EU-based jobs in renewable energy when comparing on the direct &

indirect jobs basis 7, 9. Europe-based Industry of Advanced Materials for low carbon energy technologies represents

more jobs than any renewable energy value chain in Europe (and more than solar and wind together) 7,9.

Europe must seize the opportunity to establish Industrial Leadership in this growing segment or this opportunity

will be captured by others 10. Indeed the capacity for production of low carbon energy is already developing outside

EU, manufacturing of devices, components, Advanced Materials is moving to end-markets (leading to emergence

of new champions often at expense of historical players), innovation centers are also following the trend with some

delay 2, 9, 10. This creates future dependency risks on imported low carbon energy technologies.

The added value of acting at EU level through the EMERIT Industry-Driven Initiative

Long capital intensive development times in combination with substantial technology and commercialization risks

make it very difficult for a new material to go from lab to industrial scale production and then to the markets 11. It

often takes 10 – 15 years of R&I activities before Advanced Materials are ready for the market uptake. Therefore,

Industry and the European Commission need to partner to accelerate the innovation in the field. EU has a strong

position in research but a large gap appears between the technology base and the industrial uptake. It is the role

and one of the European Commission’s priorities to help companies bridge the innovation gap through risk sharing

funding of R&I actions to enable EU-based companies active in development and manufacturing of Advanced

Materials to seize the strong business opportunities to serve the high-growth markets in EU and globally.

The large budget put forth by the European Commission to fund research in key enabling technologies to address

societal challenges is not sufficient to cover the needs to develop the Advanced Materials enabling the SET plan

technologies. A strong partnership with industry is vital to provide most of the investment, develop common

innovation roadmaps & the derived work programmes adapted to industry’s realities and market needs. A strong

long-term partnership of private and public sectors focusing on innovation (Industry-Driven Initiative - IDI) is the

approach recommended by the Industry to reduce innovation risks and accelerate innovation. This would support

efforts to restore leadership of the EU materials industry to contribute to tackle both EU energy and manufacturing

challenges 10. Producing Advanced Materials will lead to cleaner, cheaper and secure energy while creating growth

and jobs by winning and serving growing markets in EU and globally.

The establishment of a public-private industry-driven initiative will contribute to sustaining and possibly growing

the R&D intensity (private R&D investment) of the Industry of Advanced Materials and trigger significant additional

private investment to develop new products and technologies, and reinvigorate industrial competitiveness. The

ratio of private funding over public funding (leverage factor) was estimated by EMIRI at up to 1.5 when restricting

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the TRL range between 4 to 7 (focus of IDI) and the ratio was estimated at up to 4 when considering the TRL range

of 4 to 9, i.e. taking a technology validated in the lab and bringing it to deployment. Based on scope of the IDI, it is

estimated that 600 million euro of funds (total coming from private side and public side) are needed to reach critical

innovation mass, reduce innovation risks and accelerate innovation. Bringing developments in Advanced Materials

to market would require up to 1.5 billion euro with private funds accounting for 80% of total.

Achieving the overarching objective of the IDI will, among others, contribute to …

� Getting the right Advanced Materials faster to the market by addressing innovation risks

(execution, adoption and co-innovation risks)

� Accelerating the development & deployment of low carbon energy technologies enabled by Advanced Materials

(contributing to tackle Energy Union Challenges)

� Enabling stronger and more competitive value chains to drive competitiveness of the sector and restore

Industrial Leadership of EU (contributing to EU Manufacturing Challenges of 20% of EU GDP from manufacturing

by 2020)

� Securing R&D and capital investments of the Industry in EU

� Safeguarding & creating quality jobs in EU for operators, researchers, engineers

Provided that policies driving innovation, manufacturing and market development of low carbon energy

technologies are in place across Europe, the annual turnover of EU-based segment producing Advanced Materials

for low carbon energy technologies could increase by more than 50% by 2025 (at more than 45 billion euro – this

corresponds to a compounded annual growth rate of 4%) 7. An additional 65.000 direct jobs could be generated

including up to 3.000 additional researchers in the industry 8. A strong increase in CAPEX is also expected to support

growth of Advanced Materials production.

Architecture of the Industry-Driven Initiative

The Industry-driven Initiative described herein aims at accelerating and risk-minimizing the innovation of Advanced

Materials to address the 2 crucial Energy Challenges facing Europe (i.e. (1) Energy Efficiency, (2) A competitive,

efficient, secure, sustainable and flexible Energy System) and explained in details in the SET Plan Integrated

Roadmap 3 published by the Commission.

The EMERIT IDI will implement an industry-driven market-oriented innovation work programme built around 4 Key

Components and consisting of Innovation Topics selected based on industrial interests and potential to deliver

strong impact.

� Key Component 1 – Advanced Materials to increase the energy performance of buildings

� Key Component 2 – Advanced Materials to make renewable electricity technologies competitive

� Key Component 3 – Advanced Materials to enable energy system integration

� Key Component 4 – Advanced Materials to enable the decarbonisation of the power sector

The successful execution of the Innovation Topics linked to the 4 Key Components will rely upon existing and

improved “Advanced Materials Competence Platforms” integrating the different innovation stakeholders operating

along the value chain. These “Advanced Materials Competence Platforms” build upon strong expertise developed

under FP7 in Advanced Materials for low carbon energy technologies, integrate the different innovation

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stakeholders operating along the value chains, empower the focus on Innovation needed in Horizon 2020 & beyond

and offer spillover effects for other applications of Advanced Materials (such as transport, health, ICT …)

Monitoring & assessing progress towards achieving desired effects through KPIs

The development of Advanced Materials is a lengthy, risky, competitive and costly process and it is therefore crucial

to monitor the progress of innovation efforts to reduce risks and accelerate commercialization.

Operational KPIs will be selected & monitored over time to evaluate the IDI as to its effectiveness and efficiency to

facilitate the achievement of the IDI objectives. Innovation KPIs will be used to guide the innovation of Advanced

Materials across the Innovation Topics and the Key Components. Innovation KPIs (on Advanced Materials

properties and on low carbon energy technologies using the improved Advanced Materials) will be defined,

measured and analyzed at levels of project(s) (Innovation Topic), the portfolio of projects sharing similarities (Key

Component) and finally at the level of the programme (Innovation Pillar). These Innovation KPIs are in line with KPIs

from SET Plan Materials Roadmap 12 & SET Plan Integrated Roadmap 3.

Important KPIs used to evaluate the impact of the IDI will be the business-oriented KPIs (those related to protecting

and developing Industrial leadership of EU-based players, creation of SMEs, new patents …). These Economical &

Societal KPIs are necessary to best orient innovation efforts and increase chances of valorization.

Economical & Societal KPIs will cover the technology development cycle and the market development cycle. To

make sense of it all and enable the assessment of the evolution of the industrial leadership of EU-based players, it

will be important to rely on information as to how global and regional markets are evolving in terms of size and

growth potential, mix of low carbon energy technologies, competitive intensity & profitability, key success factors

along the value chain. The involvement of Industry will be key here as well.

Governance model of the Industry-Driven Initiative

The IDI could be established on grounds similar to those adopted for cPPPs. Securing the commitment and

involvement of both parties would benefit from a contractual arrangement between the European Commission

(public side) and the EMIRI AISBL representing the private side of the partnership.

The contractual arrangement will specify the objectives of the IDI, the respective commitments of the partners, the

indicative financial contribution from European Commission for the rest of the Horizon 2020, a monitoring

mechanism based on KPIs. The contractual arrangement will outline the governance structure, including the

mechanisms by which the Commission will seek advice from the private partners. The IDI will be implemented

through competitive calls included in the R&I work programmes and within the rules of Horizon 2020.

Fulfilling the objectives of the contractual arrangement, definition of the Strategy of the IDI, implementation

mechanism for Strategy of the IDI will be performed under the leadership of the Steering Board.

The responsibility of tuning the Strategic Research & Innovation Agenda to take into account the market

developments & the technology needs as well as defining the annual work plans for Horizon 2020 will be in the

hands of the Advisory Committee. Inputs and advice from EMIRI through a regular dialogue with the European

Commission will be of importance to identify R&I activities to recommend for financial support under Horizon 2020.

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Is also recommended to create a Group of Representatives from the Members States and Associated Countries,

which will provide advice to the Steering Board and Advisory Committee and will be regularly consulted. Interfacing

with structures of the SET Plan Governance will be considered here.

The day-to-day management of the IDI will be the responsibility of the Executive Secretariat which will strongly

interact with the European Commission. It is anticipated that EMIRI will also play a key role in the Executive

Secretariat.

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PART I – VISION

Background and overall Vision of the Industry-Driven Initiative on Advanced Materials for low carbon energy

technologies

Driven by the climate and energy targets, the share of renewable energy in the EU has increased from 8.5% in 2005

to more than 15% in 2014 (with a share of 26% for electricity) and the energy efficiency in the EU has improved by

15.5% in 2013 compared to projections of primary energy consumption for 2020 13,14. The further development and

deployment of sustainable low-cost and highly efficient low carbon energy technologies is essential to ensure that

the EU achieves its 2020 and 2030 climate and energy targets and its long-term goal of reducing EU greenhouse gas

emissions by 80-95% by 2050 13,14. Developing in EU and massively rolling out these low carbon energy technologies

(renewable energy technologies, energy storage, energy efficiency, technologies for decarbonisation of power

sector) is also key to its energy security and is crucial to promote growth and jobs in the high tech manufacturing

sector.

Advanced Materials (such as plastics, glass, steel, non-ferrous metals, ceramics …) and manufacturing are Key

Enabling Technologies to reach these goals and accelerate the transformation of the European energy system (the

impact of Advanced Materials for the energy sector, measured as the fraction of growth that can be attributed to

Advanced Materials, is steadily growing from 10% in 1970 to an expected 70% in 2030) 15. Indeed, the cost of low

carbon energy technologies must keep coming down to ensure their adoption & deployment across EU. This is

made possible by reduction in cost, increase in performance, and extension of lifetime of the Advanced Materials

enabling these low carbon energy technologies. Figure 1 below illustrates the important share that Advanced

Materials represent in the cost of a battery cell (for energy storage technologies) as well as the two levers on which

innovation is pursued to reduce cost per unit of energy stored.

Figure 1. Cost breakdown of a battery cell illustrating the share of Advanced Materials per component of the battery cell

(cathode, anode, electrolyte, separator …)16.

To modernize the energy installations in short term and mid-term, a wide range of continuously improved Advanced

Materials are needed with right performance specifications, competitive costs, in sufficient large quantities and

stable quality. It is also crucial to prepare the future and engage in a step up and intensification of R&I efforts to

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ensure technology leadership of EU and offer support to the Industry, through risk-sharing instruments, to enable

EU-based companies active in development and manufacturing of Advanced Materials to seize these strong

business opportunities to serve the high-growth markets in EU and globally.

It takes often 10 – 15 years of R&I activities before Advanced Materials are developed and are ready for the market

uptake and become an everyday component of energy technologies 10,11. Together Industry and the European

Commission need to partner to accelerate the innovation in the field. EU has a strong position in research but a

large gap appears between the technology base and the industrial uptake 10,11. Long capital intensive development

times in combination with substantial technology and commercialization risks make it very difficult for a new

material to make the journey from the lab to industrial scale production and then to the markets.

It is the role and one of the European Commission’s priorities to help companies safely cross the critical

development phase (innovation gap) through risk sharing funding of R&I actions. The large budget put forth by the

European Commission to fund research in the field of key enabling technologies to address societal challenges will

not be sufficient to cover the needs to develop the Advanced Materials enabling the SET plan technologies. A strong

partnership with industry is vital to develop common innovation roadmaps and the derived work programmes

adapted to industry’s realities and market needs. Industry has the responsibility to provide most of the investment

and commitment needed to take these Advanced Materials from the lab to the markets but it is also the

responsibility of the European Commission to help Industry reduce the innovation risks to accelerate innovation as

well as create an appropriate policy framework for market development of low carbon energy technologies for the

benefit of the European Energy Union, the European Economy and the European citizens.

Industry must join forces with the European Commission and set common market-oriented industry-driven agendas

for innovation and the corresponding models for cooperation breaking the ground for a public-private Industry-

Driven Initiative (IDI). A strong long-term partnership of private and public sectors (Industry-Driven Initiative)

focusing through an Innovation Pillar (Figure 2) on reducing innovation risks & accelerating innovation is the

approach recommended by the Industry. This would support efforts to restore leadership of the EU materials

industry to contribute to tackle both EU energy and manufacturing challenges 10. Producing Advanced Materials will

lead to cleaner, cheaper and secure energy while creating growth and jobs by winning and serving growing markets

in EU and globally.

The IDI on Advanced Materials is driven by a dynamic grouping of Industry players and research players teaming up

in the frame of EMIRI and interfacing with existing ETPs & relevant Associations. The priorities (Innovation Topics)

supported by the members of EMIRI are strongly in line with elements listed in the SET Plan Materials Roadmap 12

and the SET Plan Integrated Roadmap 3. In that respect, a future IDI with EMIRI playing a pivotal role in its

establishment and its execution can be considered as the necessary implementation arm of the recommended

actions on Advanced Materials outlined in the SET Plan Integrated Roadmap document released by the European

Commission early December 2014. Moreover, the industrial research and demonstration actions (TRL 4 to 7) listed

in the document are exactly tailored to the Innovation Pillar of the EMERIT IDI which translates the technology

assets to market needs with high risks but also high gains.

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Figure 2. Positioning of the Innovation Pillar of the IDI as the tool to translate technology to market.


the R&D intensity (private R&D investment) of the Industry of Advanced Materials and trigger significant additional

private investment to develop new technologies, products and services. It will also reinvigorate industrial

competitiveness across the EU. Estimation of the leverage factor to be expected was made by EMIRI. The ratio of

private funding over public funding was estimated at up to 1.5 when restricting the TRL range between 4 to 7 (which

is the focus of the present IDI) and the ratio was estimated to up to 4 when considering the TRL range of 4 to 9, i.e.

taking a technology concept validated in the lab and bringing it to deployment. Based on the scope of the IDI, it is

estimated that 600 million euro of funds (total coming from private side and public side) is needed to reach critical

innovation mass, reduce innovation risks and accelerate innovation within the TRL zone 4 to 7. Bringing

developments in Advanced Materials from TRL 4 to 9, i.e. to market access, would require up to 1.5 billion euro

with private funds accounting for at least 80% of total funds.

Importance of the Advanced Materials sector for the European economy & global business dynamics

According to the Oxford Study 17 realized for DG R&I, the market of Advanced Materials for energy applications

represents an important opportunity for the European Industry. The market is forecast by EU-endorsed study on

Value Added Materials (restrictive subset of Advanced Materials) to grow at 8% annual growth rate from a

conservative 14 billion euro in 2015 to 37 billion euro in 2030 and to an impressive 175 billion euro by 2050 in EU

accounting for about 6 to 8% of total market value for the derived energy applications 17. By 2050, the market for

Advanced Materials for energy applications should be higher than the market of Advanced Materials for transport

and the market of Advanced Materials for health combined 17.

However, in Advanced Materials for Energy, EU faces strong international competition at the expense of its

industrial leadership:

� End-markets of low carbon energy applications using Advanced Materials are strongly developing outside of

EU (e.g. Asia is rapidly developing its capacity for production of low carbon energy) 2

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� Manufacturing of devices, components, Advanced Materials for these low carbon energy technologies is

moving to end-markets and is established outside of EU (e.g. Asia is rapidly moving up the value chains, leading

to emergence of new champions often at expense of historical players) 9

� Innovation in field of Advanced Materials for low carbon energy technologies is steadily following

manufacturing with EU excelling at basic research while the rest of the world also focuses on higher technology

readiness level research to innovate, manufacture and commercialize 10

� This creates future dependency risks on imported low carbon energy technologies

Counterbalancing this trend and building a strong European leadership with a global business reach requires the

development and implementation of a supportive European Policy Framework driving innovation, manufacturing

and market development of low carbon energy technologies in EU.

Based on public figures published by various trade associations, the EU-based (products manufactured in EU and

sold inside and outside of EU) sector of Advanced Materials (plastics, non-ferrous metals, steel, glass …) is estimated

at 650 billion euro, employing more than 2.5 million people (in direct jobs and around 4 times more in indirect jobs

along the various value chains served) supporting the manufacturing in EU of more than 300 million tons of

materials 7. More than 3% of revenues are commonly re-invested into R&D leading to creation of 6.000 direct jobs

for researchers & engineers each time 1 more billion euro is re-invested into R&D 8. For any additional billion of

revenues generated by the EU-based sector, 4.000 direct jobs are created and 60 million euro are invested as CAPEX

8.

The segment of Advanced Materials for low carbon energy technologies is conservatively estimated by EMIRI’s

internal study at around 4-5% of EU-based sector but it is one with the highest growth potential 7. EMIRI estimates

the EU-based segment of Advanced Materials for low carbon energy technologies at 30 billion euro in 2015,

employing more than 110.000 people (in direct jobs) 7. The Industry developing, manufacturing, and

commercializing Advanced Materials for low carbon energy technologies typically invests 800 million euro per year

in R&D (about 3% R&D intensity) as well as 2 billion euro per year in capital expenditures. It also employs 5.000

people in R&D (close to 5% of all workforce) 8. Compared to investment in R&D in Europe of the whole

manufacturing sector active in SET plan technologies (the whole value chain of companies manufacturing materials,

chemicals, components, devices, systems), we estimate the Industry of Advanced Materials represents a significant

part of total investment and it remains a strong EU-based part of the whole sector. The EU must seize the

opportunity to establish Industrial Leadership in this growing segment or this opportunity will be captured by

others.

Provided policies driving innovation, manufacturing and market development of low carbon energy technologies

are in place across Europe, the annual turnover of EU-based segment producing Advanced Materials for low carbon

energy technologies could increase by more than 50% by 2025 (at more than 45 billion euro in a conservative

assessment), generate an additional 65.000 direct jobs, provide job opportunities for close to 3.000 additional

researchers in the industry and lead to a strong increase in yearly CAPEX (Figure 3) 7,8.

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Figure 3. Conservative estimate of Europe-based industry of Advanced Materials for low carbon energy technologies and its

potential for policy-driven growth 7,8.

Added value of action at EU level and implementation via an Industry-Driven Initiative compared to “business as

usual”

Turning the global challenge of low carbon, secure, affordable energy into an opportunity for the European Industry

and European citizens can best be done by acting swiftly at European level with a strong articulation with the

different sensitivities and priorities at Member State level.

In frame of the Energy Union of President Juncker, the recent Communication to the European Parliament on the

Integrated SET Plan 5 outlines 10 key actions among which sustaining technological leadership of EU by developing

highly performant low carbon energy technologies, and reducing the cost of these technologies are clearly enabled

by Advanced Materials.

The adoption and deployment across Europe of low carbon energy technologies require cost reduction and

Advanced Materials account for an important share of the cost of these technologies 3. It is therefore necessary to

innovate constantly in field of Advanced Materials to accelerate the transformation of our energy system to low

carbon energy 4.

Innovations based on Advanced Materials need to be developed at EU scale tapping into the broad range of

competences developed in past framework programmes and present at different stakeholders from research &

technology organizations, universities and industry spread over the continent.

EU now has most elements & tools needed to accelerate innovation and mitigate the risks. We strongly believe that

such an endeavour can only be achieved efficiently and effectively at EU level through the establishment in

reasonable delays of a sizeable and stable long term multi-annual Innovation Pillar. The Innovation Pillar will rely

upon a programmatic approach and offering Industry a clear outlook on where and how the EU is aligning its

innovation priorities and how this is translated into resources to support the innovation for the Energy Union.

The Innovation Pillar can be seen as an implementation programme for the contributions of Key Enabling

Technology (KET) of Advanced Materials to Energy Union 5 & its SET Plan Integrated Roadmap 3. The Innovation

Pillar will reinforce and develop technology leadership of EU-based industry of Advanced Materials. It will stimulate

EU-based manufacturing to contribute to the Europe-wide strategic objective of growing the share of

manufacturing to 20% of GDP by 2020 and beyond (Figure 4).

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Figure 4. Energy Union - Technology leadership and its translation into manufacturing supply chains 1

Recognized for a few years as a key enabling technology (KET) 18 to be supported by the European Commission,

Advanced Materials have already received a strong attention during the 7th EU Framework Programme (2007 –

2014). Within the NMP FP7 programme only, over 750 million euro of EU funding was used to support more than

170 projects related to materials for energy applications 19. These projects were very often hovering around low

technology readiness levels (more research than innovation) and resulted into a very weak valorization (low patent

intensity, low commercialization potential). However, a very strong base of competences on Advanced Materials

for low carbon energy technologies was created thanks to FP7 and it is now an ideal base to empower the focus on

innovation in Horizon 2020.

Implementation of the innovation agenda of the Industry-driven initiative will also benefit from interfacing with

other EU R&I mechanisms such as the European Energy Research Alliance (EERA) 20, the European University

Association & Energy Platform of the European Universities (EUA-EPUE) 21, the SET Plan European Technology and

Innovation Platforms (ETIP) developed in frame of review SET Plan Governance 22, the European Institute of

Technology Knowledge and Innovation Community (EIT KIC) Innoenergy 23 and the European Strategic Forum on

Research Infrastructures (ESFRI) 24. Altogether, Industry, Research Centers and Universities cover the entire

research and innovation spectrum and have already significant activities & competences platforms on which to

build for the implementation of the market-oriented innovation agenda.

Scope and objectives of the IDI in the context of Horizon 2020 programme (and related policy areas)

The overarching objective of the IDI is to risk-reduce and accelerate, through an industrially led and coordinated

public-private effort, the development and uptake of Advanced Materials solutions in low carbon energy

applications along the entire value chain, starting from the development and fabrication of Advanced Materials in

Europe to their market adoption in energy applications.

The IDI on Advanced Materials for low carbon energy technologies will address the two Key Energy Challenges

facing Europe in field of Energy ((1) energy efficiency, (2) a competitive, efficient, secure, sustainable and flexible

energy system). The IDI will be built around 4 Key Components consisting of various Innovation Topics (Figure 5).

Interactions with cPPP on Energy Efficient Buildings 25, JTI on fuel cells and hydrogen 26 and other relevant initiatives

will be positively developed creating bridges and enabling synergies eliminating fragmentation. While cPPP on

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Energy Efficient Buildings operates more at level of systems, designs, solutions; the part of the IDI on Advanced

Materials dealing with the Key Component of energy performance in buildings will focus on Advanced Materials for

durable coatings for energy harvesting, on storage in buildings with development of Advanced Materials for thermal

energy storage (noteworthy is presence of ECTP/E2BA 27 within EMIRI to make sure bridges are created). Also it is

to be noted that the part of the Key Component dealing with energy system integration and chemical storage of

energy as hydrogen or other chemicals is not focusing on fuel cells (used for energy generation) but on power to

gas and power to liquid technologies enabled by development of new generations of Advanced Materials

(membranes, catalysts, …).

Figure 5. Scope of the IDI - Outline of Key Components.

Achieving the overarching objective of the IDI will, among others, contribute to:

� Accelerating the development & deployment of low carbon energy technologies

� Enabling stronger and more competitive value chains to drive competitiveness of the EU Industrial Sector of

Advanced Materials for Energy and restore Industrial Leadership of EU



� Contributing to tackle Energy Union Challenges (cleaner, cheaper and more accessible energy)

� Contributing to tackle EU Manufacturing Challenges (20% of EU GDP from manufacturing by 2020)

Effectiveness & Efficiency of the IDI will be monitored and assessed at the level of projects, portfolio of projects,

and the programme along different key performance indicators (KPIs). Operational KPIs, innovation KPIs,

economical & societal KPIs are described in more details in Part III “Impact” of the present IDI.

Challenge 1

Advanced Materials for Energy Efficiency

Key Component 1 Key Component 2 Key Component 3 Key Component 4

Advanced Materials to increase the

energy performance of buildings

Advanced Materials to make

renewable electricity technologies

competitive

Advanced Materials to enable energy

system integration

(energy storage, grids)

Advanced Materials enabling the

decarbonisation of power sector

Advanced Materials for a "competitive, efficient, secure, sustainable & flexible energy system"

Challenge 2

Advanced Materials as "key enablers" tackling EU Energy Challenges

16

PART II – RESEARCH AND INNOVATION STRATEGY

Scope of R&D and innovation challenges to be addressed – Architecture of the Industry-Driven Initiative

The Industry-driven Initiative described herein aims at risk-minimizing and accelerating the innovation of Advanced

Materials to address the 2 crucial Energy Challenges facing Europe (i.e. (1) Energy Efficiency, (2) A competitive,

efficient, secure, sustainable and flexible Energy System). These challenges are explained in details in the recent

SET Plan Integrated Roadmap 3 published by the European Commission.

The EMERIT IDI will implement an industry-driven market-oriented innovation work programme built around 4 Key

Components and consisting of at 19 Innovation Topics (Figure 6).

Figure 6. Scope of the IDI - Outline of Key Components.

For each of the 4 Key Components, a selection of Innovation Topics has been made based on industrial interests,

needs to address the construction of value chains and potential to deliver strong impact for EU, for Industry and

for Society.

Each Innovation Topic was also positioned along the technology readiness level (TRL) scale to outline the needed

Research & Innovation Actions versus the needed Innovation Actions. This positioning is the result of an assessment

within EMIRI Technology Workgroups, it is however open to discussion and further more detailed assessment.

The successful implementation of the various Innovation Topics linked to the 4 Key Components will rely upon

existing and developing “Advanced Materials Competence Platforms” (on functional particles, functional layers,

composites, alloys, materials for extreme conditions …) (Figure 7) integrating the different innovation stakeholders

operating along the value chain. Innovation will also benefit from strong European competences in field of

advanced characterization, testing and modeling. These “Advanced Materials Competence Platforms” will also offer

spillover effects for other applications of Advanced Materials such as transport, health, safety, ICT.

Challenge 1

Advanced Materials for Energy Efficiency

Key Component 1 Key Component 2 Key Component 3 Key Component 4

Advanced Materials to increase the

energy performance of buildings


renewable electricity technologies

competitive


system integration

(energy storage, grids)

Advanced Materials enabling the

decarbonisation of power sector

Advanced Materials for a "competitive, efficient, secure, sustainable & flexible energy system"

Challenge 2

Advanced Materials as "key enablers" tackling EU Energy Challenges

17

Figure 7. Outline of “Advanced Materials Competence Platforms”.

These Competence Platforms …

� Build upon strong expertise developed under FP7 in Advanced Materials for low carbon energy

technologies

� Integrate the different innovation stakeholders operating along the value chains

� Empower the focus on Innovation needed in Horizon 2020 (transition towards higher TRLs)

� Offer spillover effects for other applications of Advanced Materials such as transport, health, …

18

Outline of the 19 Innovation Topics composing the EMERIT Industry-Driven Initiative

The table below outlines the 19 Innovation Topics of the EMERIT Industry-Driven Initiative. These 19 Innovation

Topics are spread over the 4 Key Components needed for low carbon energy technologies as well as where they

belong on the TRL scale.

Table 1. Outline of the 19 Innovation Topics composing the IDI.

Key Component 1

Advanced Materials to increase energy performance in buildings

Research &

Innovation

Actions

Innovation

Actions

TRL 4 - 6 TRL 5 - 7

K1-I1 Innovation

Topic #1

Advanced Materials for high performance & durable coatings -

Development of cost efficient, high performance transparent

conductive coating on transparent supports

K1-I2 Innovation

Topic #2 Advanced Materials & process technologies for switchable glazing

K1-I3 Innovation

Topic #3

Advanced Materials & new deposition processes for building-

integrated photovoltaics - Novel PV technologies for facade

integration

K1-I4 Innovation

Topic #4

Advanced Materials & new deposition processes for building-

integrated photovoltaics - Efficient transparent barriers for organic

photovoltaics used in BIPV

K1-I5 Innovation

Topic #5

Advanced Materials for thermal energy storage (TES) - Next

generation thermal energy storage technologies

K1-I6 Innovation

Topic #6

Advanced Materials for energy efficient highly glazed high rise façade

systems

Key Component 2

Advanced Materials to make renewable energy technologies competitive (Wind - PV -

CSP)

Research &

Innovation

Actions

Innovation

Actions

TRL 4 - 6 TRL 5 - 7

K2-I1 Innovation

Topic #1

Advanced Materials for weight reduction of structural and functional

components in wind energy power generation

K2-I2 Innovation

Topic #2

Advanced Materials to improve corrosion & erosion resistance and

reduce degradation of structural and functional components in wind

energy power generation

K2-I3 Innovation

Topic #3

Advanced Materials for innovative multilayers for durable solar

energy harvesting

K2-I4 Innovation

Topic #4

Advanced Materials and innovative design for high efficiency solar

energy harvesting

K2-I5 Innovation

Topic #5

Advanced Materials and associated processes for low cost

manufacturing of solar energy harvesting systems

Key Component 3

Advanced Materials to enable energy system integration

Research &

Innovation

Actions

Innovation

Actions

TRL 4 - 6 TRL 5 - 7

K3-I1 Innovation

Topic #1

Advanced Materials for lower cost, high safety, long cycle life &

environmentally friendly electrochemical batteries - Li- ion batteries

19

K3-I2 Innovation

Topic #2


environmentally friendly electrochemical batteries - Next generation

electrochemical batteries

K3-I3 Innovation

Topic #3

Advanced Materials for lower cost storage of energy in the form of

hydrogen or other chemicals (power to gas, power to liquid

technologies)

K3-I4 Innovation

Topic #4

Advanced Materials to facilitate the integration of storage

technologies in the grid

Key Component 4

Advanced Materials to enable the decarbonisation of the power sector

Research &

Innovation

Actions

Innovation

Actions

TRL 4 - 6 TRL 5 - 7

K4-I1 Innovation

Topic #1

Advanced Materials for increased process efficiency and CCS in power

and energy intensive industries

K4-I2 Innovation

Topic #2 Advanced Materials for CO2 separation processes for CCS

K4-I3 Innovation

Topic #3

Improved methods for evaluating and monitoring materials

performance in service in the power and energy intensive industries

K4-I4 Innovation

Topic #4 Advanced Materials for the utilization of CO2

Industry-Driven Initiative – Key Component 1 – Advanced Materials to increase the energy performance of

buildings

Meeting the EU energy efficiency target of 20% by 2020 and 27% by 2030 is crucial to generate ambitious primary

energy savings while bringing a range of benefits for society and economy. In that respect, improving the energy

performance of Europe’s buildings is of crucial importance since buildings account for 40% of final energy demand

and more than 30% of European natural gas consumption 3. Among the many technological options existing to

increase the energy efficiency in buildings (whether renovated buildings or new buildings), the EMERIT IDI

recommends to focus in its Advanced Materials agenda on special coatings on glass, building-integrated

photovoltaics (BIPV) and thermal energy storage (TES). These technologies enable to reduce energy loss, generate

energy and store energy for later use in the building.

The SET Plan Integrated Roadmap identified 8 major groups of technology-related actions needed for increasing

energy efficiency in buildings 28.

� Develop new materials, products and processes for new and existing buildings enabling the integration of multi-

functionality, energy efficiency and on-site renewables while taking into account their life cycle sustainability

(e.g. cost-effective thermal energy storage materials, systems with intelligent control)

� Develop innovative buildings design concepts taking into account pre-fabrication of components and enabling

the advanced ICT systems, technologies and solutions for "building-to-building" and "building-to-grid"

interactions

� Improve the viability and cost-effectiveness of mass manufactured, modular, “plug and play” components and

systems for deep building renovation, as well as innovative insulation solutions, control, automation and

monitoring tools including innovation needed during the construction phase

20

� Develop and demonstrate energy efficient, interoperable, self-diagnostic and scalable storage, HVAC systems,

lighting and energy solutions for buildings

� Develop user-friendly Building Energy Management Systems (BEMS) integrating in a single solution different

energy efficient production/consumption sub-systems while contributing to network security and flexibility.

Develop self-learning and adaptive systems to significantly reduce the need for human intervention

� Further develop innovative standards for operation and management of buildings using BEMS and/or metering

data

� Develop and demonstrate solutions improving roof and façade functional characteristics and enabling the

building envelope to adapt to a dynamic, mutable and complex environment. In this context, innovation

exploring solutions to common problems – such as overheating, poor air quality and condensation – found in

tighter and more insulated buildings need to be found

� Develop new design tools to support the integrated design and the collaborative work between professionals,

including the sharing of technical information on the building over its whole lifecycle

Translation of these groups of actions into Innovation needs in the field of Advanced Materials was carried out by

EMIRI Technology Workgroup on Energy Efficiency with the care to avoid Innovation Topics which would be already

strongly promoted in frame of EEB PPP. This led to the identification of 5 Innovation Topics in Key Component 1 of

the present Industry-Driven Initiative and which enable technologies for improving the energy performance of

buildings.

� K1-I1 – Advanced Materials for high performance & durable coatings – Development of cost efficient, high

performance transparent conductive coatings on transparent supports (Research & Innovation Actions)

Innovation in cost efficient, high performance transparent conductive coatings for transparent supports

requires the identification of new materials and alloys for use in sputtering targets or other technologies such

as vacuum-free approaches. Advanced Materials should also here be easily produced at industrial scale quickly

and at lowered cost in order to accelerate market introduction and enable steadily demanding end-applications

of transparent supports such as glazing.

� K1-I2 – Advanced Materials & process technologies for switchable glazing (Innovation Actions)

Smart windows and switchable glazing are a key technology to control energy input of buildings and hence

reduce energy for heating, cooling and lighting. Challenges of switchable glazing technology are an expanded

bright – dark switching zone, higher transmission in the bright state, better coating performance leading among

others to shorter switching time, low dark state transmittance and lower switching voltage, large colour

versatility and reduced complexity of the setup and the applicability of high throughput inline production

technologies. Innovation in Advanced Materials should focus on developments among others of high

conductivity and transparency oxides apart from indium tin oxide (ITO) (such as SnO2 or amorphous mixed

oxide based,), all solid state devices including new compound material solid-state electrolytes and high

throughput deposition technologies (e.g. gas flow sputtering, wet deposition processes…) and development of

Advanced Materials for the coatings.

21

� K1-I3 – Advanced Materials & new deposition processes for building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) – Novel

PV technologies for façade integration (Innovation Actions)

Building integration of photovoltaics is an attractive application. This can be both realized with thin-film and

crystalline silicon technologies. Thin-film technologies are considered very attractive for their superior

aesthetics and the possibility for window integration when transparent. Aesthetic facade integration is also

possible with scalable x-Si and tandem-cell module technology with superior energy output. Innovations should

focus here on developing stable continuous deposition processes of Advanced Materials for PV active layers,

easily adaptable to the broad variation in size and form factors of building elements, with a high yield under

well-controlled parameters and with a high quality. Deposition process may be done at low cost using

technologies such as, but not limited to, large area evaporation or continuous printing, as opposed to batch

processes used in conventional PV. Activities should cover real-life demonstration of the new concepts

developed, full assessment of the energy-yield and cost structure of future BIPV building elements.

� K1-I4 - Advanced Materials & new deposition processes for building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) –

Efficient transparent barriers for organic photovoltaics used in BIPV (Research & Innovation Actions)

Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) can offer integration into existing building structures with negligible disturbance

to the inhabitant or user of the building. Some of the main characteristics of OPVs - flexibility, homogeneous

transparency, lightweight, potential low cost - make them very attractive to be embedded in building-

integrated systems. A big challenge for OPV is however to meet the PV and building durability standards since

organic materials are very sensitive to UV and water. Innovation is therefore needed in Advanced Materials to

develop efficient transparent barriers for achieving durability in compliance with construction standards and

norms. Barriers need to include weathering protection layers, impact and wear protection layer… and must be

chemically and mechanically compatible with the carrying substrate and/or the encapsulation materials used

in combination with the given substrate.

� K1-I5 – Advanced Materials for thermal energy storage (TES) – Next generation thermal energy storage

technologies (Research & Innovation Actions)

There is a need to develop new and improved thermal energy storage technologies with better performance,

availability, durability, safety and not least lower costs. The innovative challenges are to identify/develop

advanced TES materials for sensible, latent and thermochemical technologies with increased energy storage

density. Development focuses on new low cost and high energy density TES materials for buildings and

industrial waste heat including sensible heat storage, latent heat storage by the optimization and development

of new phase change materials and their integration in building element materials or industrial applications,

and thermochemical storage by the development of new materials with high energy density in specific

temperature ranges. Phase-change materials (PCM) properties need to be improved to encourage their use

(increasing the lifetime without physical properties degradation, increasing their liquid stability at high

temperatures to combine latent and sensible heat storage, avoiding super cooled phenomena that increase the

unloading temperature level, limiting liquid expansion during fusion). As to thermo-chemical TES materials, the

design of new high energy density reaction pairs for temperature-specific applications has to be studied.

22

� K1-I6 – Advanced Materials for energy efficient highly glazed high rise façade systems (Innovation actions)

There is a need to develop solutions that will save and/or generate energy to improve the energy balance of

the building envelope, both for new built and retrofit. Following the logic of Passive House, several elements

can be considered when looking at improving the building envelope’s energy balance. Alternative materials like

wood or composite materials are attractive solutions for façade systems with less embodied energy or thermal

bridges. The challenge will be to ensure durability and possibly recyclability of the systems while meeting the

other requirements of a traditional façade. New materials are required to reliably bring in daylight in the

building and reduce electricity consumption for artificial lighting. Existing solutions are expensive without clear

proof of benefit and available dimensions are too small for being attractive in architectural applications. New

materials should further enhance efficiency of artificial lighting in order to decrease energy consumption of the

building. Efficient air tightness solutions are available on the market, yet a bad installation can annihilate their

benefit. New materials are needed to remove the hassle of complex installation methods of air tightness

solutions and ensure their efficiency. Activities should cover real-life demonstration of the new concepts

developed, full assessment of the energy-yield and cost structure of future building elements. Table 2. Contribution of IDI to supporting the technology-related actions of SET Plan Integrated Roadmap for energy

performance of buildings.

Technology-related actions identified in SET Plan

Integrated Roadmap for Energy Performance of

buildings

Challenge

from SET

Plan

Integration

Roadmap

Contribution

of IDI to

supporting

these actions

Innovation

Topic(s) in IDI

most

supporting

these actions

#1

New materials with focus on the integration of

multi-functionality, energy efficiency and life

cycle sustainability addressing existing building

renovation

Increase

energy

performance

of existing

buildings

Strong

K1-I1, K1-I2,

K1-I3, K1-I4,

K1-I6

#2

Develop and demonstrate the viability and cost-

effectiveness of mass manufactured, modular,

"plug and play" components and systems for use in

deep energy renovation of EU buildings

None -

#3

Develop and demonstrate innovative, quick and

effective insulation solutions for deep energy

renovation projects

Strong K1-I6

#4

Develop energy systems and control, automation

and monitoring tools that evolve and adapt to the

changing operational environment, including the

availability and cost of energy

None -

#5

Develop and demonstrate breakthrough solutions

for energy retrofitting to improve roof and facade

functional characteristics

Strong K1-I6

23

#6

Development of new cost effective thermal

energy storage materials and full systems with

energy demand side resources for use in

individual buildings

Strong K1-I5

#7 Demonstration of integrated approaches for deep

energy renovation in EU buildings None -

#8 New design concepts assisted by tools for new

construction and energy retrofit of buildings

Building

design,

construction

methods

and best

practices

None -

#9 New energy management systems for energy

efficient buildings None -

#10

New technologies and approaches needed to

enable effective building-to-building and building-

to-grid interactions

None -

#11

Demonstration and validation of improved

collaborative building management tools

integrating the whole lifecycle information from

sourcing to building construction, refurbishing and

end-of-life

None -

#12

Demonstration and validation of interoperable,

safe and cost-effective solutions and quality driven

management approaches to help workers meeting

more stringent quality criteria

None -

#13

Demonstration and validation of advanced and

automated processes that favor the use of

prefabricated modular solutions

None -

#14

Demonstration and validation of user-centric, easy

to use, multi-scale BEMS which allow improving

the level of users' awareness and optimizing

energy generation, storage, distribution and use at

building and district levels

None -

#15

New materials with focus on the integration of

multi-functionality, energy efficiency, on-site

renewables and life cycle sustainability towards

low energy new buildings

Increase

energy

performance

of new

buildings

Strong

K1-I1, K1-I2,

K1-I3, K1-I4,

K1-I6

#16 Development of new cost effective thermal

energy storage materials (TES) and full systems

Strong K1-I5

24

with intelligent control aiming at high energy

storage density for use in buildings

#17

Development, demonstration and validation of

solutions to improve roof and facade functional

characteristics to enable the building envelope to

adapt to a dynamic, mutable and complex

environment during its lifetime

Strong K1-I2, K1-I6

#18

Development, demonstration and validation of

energy efficient, interoperable, self-diagnostic and

scalable storage, HVAC, lighting and energy

solutions in line with energy consumption

standards

None -

#19 Bring NZEB (nearly zero energy buildings) together

in efficiently managed and affordable energy hubs None -

Industry-Driven Initiative – Key Component 2 – Advanced Materials to make renewable electricity technologies

competitive

In the Energy Roadmap 2050, renewable energy will be given a central role to play in the future energy mix

supporting vital efforts to improve EU’s energy security. Already today, the increasing use of renewable energy

avoids at least 30 billion euro per year of imported fuels. Driven by the Renewable Energy Directive, energy from

renewable sources will go from 14% of EU final energy consumption in 2012 to a certain 20% by 2020 and could

eventually reach at least 27% by 2030. In such a scenario, share of renewable energy in the electricity sector could

jump from 21% today to at least 45% by 2030 3.

Such a rapid expansion of renewable energy is leading to significant challenges in terms of use of diverse sources

of renewable energy (sun, wind, waves, biomass …) integration into the electricity system and final cost to the

various types of energy consumers. In order to enable the European Energy Roadmap 2050 and deploy renewable

energy in Europe, a strong attention to research & innovation is needed to further reduce the cost of these

renewable energy technologies throughout their life cycle.

The market deployment of renewable energy technologies offers for sure the needed energy security and it is a

major business opportunity for Europe to develop the technology leadership and the industrial capacity to

manufacture these technologies starting from Advanced Materials all across the value chains.

Wind

Providing the largest contribution to the renewable energy targets, installed wind energy capacity could reach more

than 200 GW or around 14% of electricity demand by 2020 compared to 117 GW (or 8% of EU’s electricity

consumption) in 2013. Wind energy could cover more than 20% of EU’s electricity demand by 2030 with around

350 GW of installed wind energy capacity 3.

25

The SET Plan Integrated Roadmap identified 2 major groups of technology-related actions needed for the further

development of competitive wind energy 29.

� Develop advanced turbines and components (for onshore and offshore applications) and accurate

methodologies for wind resource assessment

� Demonstrate components and technologies for offshore applications – New logistics, assembly and

decommissioning processes


EMIRI Technology Workgroup on Wind. This led to the identification of 2 Innovation Topics which enable the

reduction in the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) produced by wind technologies thereby favoring their market

deployment through weight reduction of structural and functional components, improvement in corrosion

resistance and reduction in the degradation of structural and functional components used in wind power

generation.

The 2 Innovation Topics in Key Component 2 of the present Industry-Driven Initiative do strongly support these 2

groups of technology-related actions identified in the SET Plan Integrated Roadmap:

� K2-I1 - Advanced materials for weight reduction of structural and functional components in wind energy

power generation (Innovation Actions)

Advanced Materials provide an excellent chance to substantially reduce the weight of key components of wind

power turbines such as blades, nacelles, generators etc. and allow for new lightweight designs. Weight

reduction is an essential prerequisite to enable future turbines with increased dimensions and power (10-15

MW) as well as to reduce costs for transport and commissioning. Both are necessary to bring down the

Levelized Cost of Energy to a level competitive with fossil power generation.

Advanced materials cover fiber reinforced plastics (thermosets and thermoplastics), C-fibers and alternative

fibers, hybrid / metal-plastic systems, cellular structured metals, high strength steel, high strength light metal

and titanium alloys, vermicular graphite iron, functional metals with mechanical bearing capability, high

efficient permanent magnets, generative and free form technologies.

� K2-I2 - Advanced materials to improve corrosion & erosion resistance and reduce degradation of structural

and functional components in wind energy power generation (Research & Innovation Actions)

Innovation Topic is targeting the development and employment of Advanced Materials that provide a

drastically improved level of resistance to corrosion, erosion, fatigue, bio fouling and other damage

mechanisms that limit the lifetime of wind power facilities especially in harsh environment operation (e.g.

offshore). Material and coating solutions (including possible new design opportunities provided by Advanced

Materials) will increase the lifetime of components, reduce maintenance and repair costs. In total, life cycle

cost will be reduced which contributes to reduce substantially the Levelized Cost of Energy of wind power.

Advanced Materials cover base materials (e.g. composites), coatings and surface treatment to create desired

properties (inhibitors, self-healing, self-cleaning, recyclability, coatings, anti-ice formation, cathodic paint

systems, wear resistant, low-friction …), production process determined surface properties, cost effective

production and repair systems, advanced lubrication systems

26

Table 3. Contribution of IDI to supporting the technology-related actions of SET Plan Integrated Roadmap for wind.

Technology-related actions identified for Wind in SET Plan

Integrated Roadmap

Contribution of

IDI to supporting

these actions

Innovation Topic(s) in IDI

most supporting these

actions

#1 New turbines, materials and components Strong K2-I1, K2-I2

#2 Resource assessment None -

#3 Offshore technology (production value chain

performance/cost competitiveness) Strong K2-I1, K2-I2

#4 Logistics, assembly, testing, installation and

decommissioning None -

Photovoltaics (PV) & Concentrated Solar Power (CSP)

With more than 80 GW of cumulative installed capacity in 2013, Europe remains the world’s leading region. PV

represents a significant part of Europe’s electricity mix, producing 3 % of demand in the EU and 6 % of peak demand.

PV could provide up to 12 % of the EU’s electricity demand by 2020 3. According to EPIA (2014) forecasts, the total

installed capacity in Europe could reach between 119 - 156 GW in 2018 3. Worth reminding in frame of current

debate on PV manufacturing in Europe, more than 25 % of the value of PV modules produced inside or outside

Europe but installed in Europe is created in Europe 3. Advanced Materials used for PV represent an important part

of these 25%.

CSP (concentrated solar power) is used in large-scale solar thermoelectric plants (STE) at high solar irradiance. The

CSP market is dominated by parabolic trough and solar tower type plants. By mid-2012, total installed CSP power

worldwide reached 2 GW. A total of 3 GW plants are currently under construction in Mediterranean countries and

United States. Europe is a pioneer in this technology and could take this to an advantage and export technology

also for installations outside Europe 3. Cost saving in CSP of up to 50% is expected by 2025.

The SET Plan Integrated Roadmap identified 4 major groups of technology-related actions needed for the

development of competitive PV & CSP 29.

� Develop novel low cost and/or high efficiency PV technologies – Enhanced PV module and system conversion

efficiencies with extended lifetime, increased sustainability throughout the whole lifecycle and lowered

materials consumption

� Develop and demonstrate new pilot production lines to validate advanced / automated manufacturing

processes – New multi-functional PV solutions to reduce cost – Operational strategies for effectively and

sustainably integrate PV in the energy system and in the built environment at reasonable cost

� Develop innovative receivers and heat transfer fluids – Increase reliability with improved control and operation

tools – New hybridization and better integration concepts – Innovative storage media and concepts – Reduction

of water consumption by developing anti-soiling coatings

27

� Develop components such as mirrors and supporting structures – Advanced CSP plants of various size and

demonstrate hybridization concepts – Optimize the operation of current storage systems and validate in the

field innovative dry-cooling systems


EMIRI Technology Workgroup on PV & CSP. This led to the identification of 3 Innovation Topics which enable the

reduction in the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) produced by PV & CSP thereby favoring their market deployment

through increasing lifetime, increasing performance & finally reducing manufacturing cost.



� K2-I3 - Advanced Materials for innovative multilayers for durable solar energy harvesting (Innovation

Actions)

Advanced multilayer coatings are needed to increase reliability, sustainability and energy generation of PV and

CSP systems and thus decrease the costs of solar energy generation. New mirrors, absorbers, barriers,

encapsulants and durable coatings that enhance lifetime and extend the working conditions and energy output

should enable system lifetime increase to >25 -35 years and >50% maintenance cost reduction. New guidelines

and standards for testing of materials durability and prediction of lifetime could be generated.

� K2-I4 - Advanced Materials and innovative designs for high efficiency solar energy harvesting (Research &

Innovation Actions)

Advanced Materials and processes for high efficiency PV and CSP technologies can bring down the LCOE of solar

energy to 0.06 - 0.15 €/kWh in 2020. Pilot production readiness (TRL 4-7) of two emerging high efficiency

concepts using new functional materials and particles, thin films, nanostructures, high temperature fluids,

phase change materials and receptors into innovative tandem or multi-junction device architectures with 21 -

24% module efficiency needs to be demonstrated in 2020.

� K2-I5 - Advanced Materials and associated processes for low cost manufacturing of solar energy harvesting

systems (Research & Innovation Actions)

Reduction of manufacturing process costs of PV and CSP solar systems is required for LCOE reduction to 0.06 -

0.15 €/kWh in 2020. Material-enabled manufacturing innovations ranging from efficient solar grade materials

to thin films for high conversion efficiency, cost-competitive and environment-friendly processes (e.g. non-

vacuum processes), low cost and lightweight modules for PV and ranging from high temperature fluids to tubes,

mirrors, structural components, light materials and composites for CSP have to be brought to pilot scale level

(TRL 5-7) to enable the cost reduction.

28

Table 4. Contribution of IDI to supporting the technology-related actions of SET Plan Integrated Roadmap for photovoltaics

and concentrated solar power.

Technology-related actions identified for Photovoltaics in SET

Plan Integrated Roadmap

Contribution of

IDI to supporting

these actions


most supporting these actions

#1 Novel PV technologies for low cost and/or high

efficiencies Strong K2-I3, K2-I4, K2-I5

#2 Enhanced PV conversion efficiencies and lifetimes Strong K2-I3, K2-I4

#3 Cost reduction through lower materials consumption and

use of low-cost materials Strong K2-I5

#4 Reduction of LCOE by enhanced PV system energy yield

and lifetime Strong K2-I3

#5 Pilot production lines Strong K2-I3, K2-I4, K2-I5

#6 Demonstration of new PV solutions Strong K2-I3, K2-I4, K2-I5

#7 Making PV mainstream source of power Low -

#8 Industrial RTD for demonstration of higher performance

ratios Low -

#9 Long-term reliability of PV modules and systems Strong K2-I3, K2-I4, K2-I5

#10 Building-integrated Photovoltaics Strong Innovation Topics described in

Key Component 1 of the IDI

Technology-related actions identified for Concentrated Solar

Power in SET Plan Integrated Roadmap

Contribution of

IDI to supporting

these actions


most supporting these actions

#11 Development of more efficient components Strong K2-I3, K2-I4

#12 Improvements for the reliability and availability of plants None -

#13 Integration and hybridization of plants Low K2-I3

#14 Improvement of storage systems Strong K2-I4

#15 Water consumption Low -

#16 Weather forecasting None -

29

Industry-Driven Initiative – Key Component 3 – Advanced Materials to enable energy system integration (energy

storage and its integration into the grid)

Following 2020 and 2030 energy objectives of EU, renewable energy generation will contribute to a growing share

of the energy mix in Europe and will be central to European energy supply. Most of the growth of energy generation

will come from solar and wind and this will create major challenges in balancing supply and demand prompting the

need for technologies enabling energy system integration (energy storage & its integration into the grid). Large-

scale storage technologies commercially deployed today are mostly hydropower-based. There is however strong

potential for the development of other energy storage solutions (with a focus on electrochemical storage and

chemical storage) for a variety of power ranges and energy storage capacities providing their own features to deal

with system flexibility 3.

In field of electrochemical storage, several types of batteries are currently used for stationary applications (lithium-

ion (Li-ion), sodium sulphur (NaS), nickel cadmium (NiCd), nickel metal hydride (Ni-MeH), lead acid (Pb-acid),

vanadium-based, zinc-based …). Each type of battery has its own advantages and disadvantages, but their extremely

fast response makes batteries perfectly suited for power applications such as frequency and voltage control. In near

future, batteries could serve as well for the storage of energy for several hours 3.

Power to fuels or chemicals is a solution that is also attracting strong attention. In power to fuels or chemicals,

renewable electricity is converted to hydrogen or methane or other any other fuel or chemical. In case of hydrogen

or methane, it can be stored in the gas infrastructure and can be used in diverse applications such as electric

vehicles, industrial heat supply and electricity generation. Because of the relatively low specific costs of hydrogen

storage, this technology could become a candidate for the seasonal storage of energy 3.

The SET Plan Integrated Roadmap identified 11 major groups of technology-related actions needed for the further

development of energy system integration (first 7 groups of actions deal with energy storage and following 4 groups

of actions deal with conversion of electricity to other energy carriers) 29.

� Investigate and enhance the potential of a whole range of new materials, new concepts and new technologies

for the next generation of storage devices and the integration of these devices in the energy system

� Optimise further mature storage technologies to decrease their cost and minimise environmental impacts -

Maximise their capacity, operability and life, operational benefits and ease of use. This includes pumped hydro

and cross sector technology e.g. converting power to gas, fuel, chemical feedstock and heat and the possibilities

for "virtual" energy storage

� Develop standards and interfaces to insert storage technologies in the energy system and explore synergies

with the grid and with demand side behaviour.

� Develop modelling systems and planning concepts where the role of storage can be assessed and optimised at

energy system level to ensure that storage technologies will be responding to the needs of the network

� Demonstrate, as a precursor to deployment, storage technologies and take into account its integration in the

energy system in a representative environment, covering as much as possible the different roles of storage as

well as different configurations and combinations

� Improve and upscale manufacturing processes and develop recycling methods to ensure cost-effective

deployment

� Demonstration and integration of storage in the electricity system at several voltage levels (including low

voltage), and development of solutions to provide various network/system services from storage

30

� Develop and improve methods for production of low-carbon hydrogen, especially from renewables, as well as

for large scale hydrogen storage, re-electrification, distribution and system integration

� Improve the efficiency and reduce the costs, in particular for electrolysers to improve the competitiveness of

hydrogen-based solutions – Demonstrate its flexibility at large scale to meet grid requirements and study the

needs of electrical network to optimize centralized hydrogen production

� Improve power to methane and power to methanol technologies, including development of catalysts for

production of methane and methanol using CO2 as carbon source (link to CCS-CCU in Key Component 4 of

present IDI)

� Explore rapid responsive chemical processes for valorisation of peak renewable electricity


EMIRI Technology Workgroup on Energy System Integration. This led to the identification of 4 Innovation Topics

which enable energy storage using electrochemical batteries, energy storage in the form of chemicals (power to

fuels & chemicals) and integration of these storage technologies into the grid thereby favoring the market

deployment of renewable energy technologies such as PV, CPS and wind. The Innovation Topic of thermal energy

storage (TES) in building was described in Key Component 1 of the present Industry-Driven Initiative.



� K3-I1 – Advanced Materials for lower cost, high safety, long cycle life & environmentally friendly

electrochemical batteries (Li-ion batteries) (Innovation Actions)

Optimization of Li-ion batteries for low cost, high safety and long cycle life requires the development of

Advanced Materials for electrodes (cathode, anode), electrolytes, binders and optimized packaging (new and

lighter composites) materials. These Advanced Materials can lead to improved stationary Li-ion batteries with

well specified KPIs for energy and power density, extended lifetime and significantly improved cost (target

below 0.05 euro/kWh/cycle) while offering full safety. Typical cathode materials can be improved or novel LPF

and NMC types with current or increased voltages. Typical anode materials can be improved graphite or

micron/nano-sized Si, Sn composites… Also electrolyte materials will need to be stable at higher voltages and

the same prevails for novel separator materials. Hybridization of Li-ion batteries with supercapacitors can

contribute to power and life performance. Solid-state developments by polymer or solid electrolytes may lead

to higher safety levels. All Advanced Materials priorities will need to smartly combine low cost, high energy

density and long cycle life.

� K3-I2 - Advanced Materials for lower cost, high safety, long cycle life & environmentally friendly

electrochemical batteries (next generation electrochemical batteries) (Research & Innovation Actions)

Innovation is here driven by the same needs as those outlined in K3-I1 but is dealing with new alternative

storage solutions compared to the current battery storage systems. The wide range of new candidate systems

covers among others metal-air, lithium-sulfur, new ion-based systems (Na, Mg or Al), redox flow batteries (free

of Vanadium). Advanced Materials developed herein can cover cathodes, anodes, electrolytes, separators,

binders …

31

� K3-I3 – Advanced Materials for lower cost storage of energy in the form of hydrogen or other chemicals

(power to gas, power to liquid technologies) (Research & Innovation Actions)

Innovation here in field of power to gas / power to fuels & chemicals relates to technically improve electrolysers

(innovative and affordable electrolysers are needed to enable long-term storage), to develop ways to use the

gas produced and to use renewable electricity for synthesis of different molecules (such as in combination with

CO2). Advanced Materials innovation will focus on high capacity durable proton-exchange membranes (PEM)

and solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) electrolysers for hydrogen production. Other topics that can also be

included are the development of cost efficient tank materials for high-pressure storage of hydrogen, the

development of Advanced Materials to support catalysts in presenting longer lifetime and improved efficiency.

� K3-I4 – Advanced Materials to facilitate the integration of storage technologies in the grid (Innovation

Actions)

To enable the integration of storage devices in the electrical grid, there is a strong need for innovation in field

of among others high capacity new material cables and super conductors, high voltage cables and accessories

to 1000 KV, materials for medium voltage and smart electrical accessories, new materials for extreme

conditions, complex power inverter and sensor materials and surface treatment of existing materials to protect

and improve performances. Innovation in field of these Advanced Materials will enable a significant

enhancement of power supply reliability, management of grid volatility and connection of renewable energy

sources to increase grid efficiency.

Table 5. Contribution of IDI to supporting the technology-related actions of SET Plan Integrated Roadmap for energy

system integration.

Technology-related actions identified for Energy

System Integration in

SET Plan Integrated Roadmap

Challenge

from SET

Plan

Integration

Roadmap

Contribution

of IDI to

driving

these

actions

Innovation Topic(s) in

IDI most driving these

actions

#1 Enhanced storage materials

Storage

(heat &

cold,

electricity,

power to

gas or

other

energy

vectors

Strong

K3-I1, K3-I2, K3-I3

Also Innovation Topics

listed in Key Component

1 of IDI

#2

New technologies for next generation central

and de-central storage technologies of any

scale

Strong

K3-I1, K3-I2, K3-I3



1 of IDI

#3

Improved second generation technologies for

next generation central and de-central

storage technologies of any scale

Strong

K3-I1, K3-I2, K3-I3



1 of IDI

#4 Storage system interfaces Medium K3-I4

#5

Storage system integration and benefit

assessment via simulation of system

embedding

None -

32

#6 Central and de-central storage technology

demonstration of any scale Medium

K3-I1, K3-I2, K3-I3



1 of IDI

#7 Storage system integration demonstration None -

#8 Storage manufacturing processes Medium

K3-I1, K3-I2, K3-I3



1 of IDI

#9 Storage recycling Medium

K3-I1, K3-I2, K3-I3



1 of IDI

#10 Closed storage material loop Medium

K3-I1, K3-I2, K3-I3



1 of IDI

Industry-Driven Initiative – Key Component 4 – Advanced Materials to enable the decarbonisation of the power

sector and the energy intensive industries

Despite the growing deployment of renewable energy in Europe, fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, shale gas) will

continue being used in Europe’s power generation as well as in other industrial processes. The European targets of

decarbonisation can therefore be met only if the greenhouse gas emissions are reduced by more than 90%.

Achieving these ambitious targets of decarbonisation will require the deployment of Carbon Capture & Storage

(CCS) and Carbon Capture & Utilization (CCU) technologies as well as the necessary logistics and infrastructures 3.

The SET Plan Integrated Roadmap identified 25 major groups of technology-related actions needed to enable

carbon capture, CO2 utilisation and storage technologies and increased efficiency of the fossil fuel-based power

sector and energy intensive industry.

Focus of EMIRI in the field of decarbonisation being on Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS) and Carbon Capture &

Utilization (CCU), we limit the list below to the CCS & CCU-related 14 groups of technology-related actions outline

in the SET Plan Integrated Roadmap 29.

For CCS

� Develop proof of concept for novel, cost-competitive and efficient CO2 capture technologies for application in

power generation and industrial processes – Develop improved methods for storage site characterisation,

exploitation and monitoring

� Design and operate CO2 pipeline and shipping transport systems and develop the necessary research

infrastructure – Develop a European Atlas of potential storage sites – Develop methodologies for the design

transport infrastructure

� Pilot promising capture technologies

� Develop and pilot integrated CCS solutions addressing flexibility

� Develop and demonstrate bio-CCS

� Develop cost-effective engineering solutions for safe storage management and remediation

� Start-up and manage up to six new storage pilots

33

� Develop pilots for effective design and operation of CO2 transport systems

� Develop cross-sectoral CO2 capture and CO2 storage/re-use

� Ensure the effective and sustainable use of the subsurface taking into account the potential for competing

energy applications (e.g. the storage of hydrogen or air) or for geothermal applications

For CCU

� Develop processes (and their life cycle analysis) for the most promising pathways for CO2 utilisation (e.g.

synthetic fuels and chemicals)

� Develop and demonstrate routes for the conversion of CO2 into chemicals as key building blocks for the

chemical industry, leading to a variety of large scale products

� Demonstrate industrial scale production of fuels, polymers and chemicals from CO2

� Demonstrate a pilot for mineral carbonates production from CO2


EMIRI Technology Workgroup on Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS) and Carbon Capture & Utilization (CCU). This led

to the identification of 4 Innovation Topics that enable the decarbonisation of the power sector to put Europe on

the path of low carbon energy.



� K4-I1 - Advanced Materials for Improved Integration of CCS in Power and Energy Intensive Industries

(Research & Innovation Actions)

Innovation challenge is to focus on developing & implementing improved materials for energy intensive and

power processes to improve process efficiency and to enable the economic application of CCS technologies.

The reduction of CO2 emissions from power and energy intensive processes requires the integration of the most

efficient process integrated with optimized methods of capturing the CO2 emitted or to redesign the

combination of process & CCS for optimized operation of this system to make the combined scheme affordable.

Innovation should focus on new and improved materials (e.g. alloys, refractories, ceramics and coatings),

methods of materials improvement, and transfer of materials from other technologies for the increased

efficiency, higher temperature operation and reliable performance under aggressive operating conditions to

reduce the energy and cost penalties for the integration of CO2 separation processes.

� K4-I2 – Advanced Materials for Enhanced CO2 Separation Processes (Innovation Actions)

Innovation challenge is to focus on developing materials for improved performance in separating CO2 from

industrial process gases and with improved durability/lifetime to reduce operating costs and assist process

intensification. There is a wide range of materials that can be used for the separation of CO2 from process gas

streams, from liquid amine-based sorbents to solid sorbents, separation membranes and combinations thereof.

In addition, advanced processes based on oxy-combustion of fuels to produce an easily separable CO2 /H2O gas

stream use solid oxygen-providing particles in a looping cycle. As for the structural materials used to contain

processes, these functional materials must provide the levels of performance required while delivering the

durability necessary for the overall process to be reliable, long-lived and affordable.

34

� K4-I3 – Advanced Materials for the Improved Reliability of CCS Plants in the Power and Energy Intensive

Industries (Research & Innovation Actions)

In order to reduce the impact of the introduction of CCS in the power and energy intensive industries on the

reliability of plant components and the risks of unforeseen in-service failures and to maximize the life cycle of

costly materials and components, new structural and functional materials can offer significant performance

improvements (on the basis of virgin materials properties). However, the added complexity of CCS plants and

their significantly different operating regimes will increase the risk that the performance in service of the

materials will not deliver, leaving plant operators seeking improved understanding of the materials behavior,

alternative materials solutions and means of monitoring performance in service. Providing the developers of

CCS plants with an improved understanding of the materials challenges in new-build and retrofit applications

across the range of expected operating regimes and developing the adapted materials solutions can overcome

these challenges. This will require the production of materials performance data and the characterization of

failure/degradation modes using laboratory-scale testing, in-plant testing, and simulated pilot-scale testing

where the required process conditions do not exist in current plants. In addition, the development of means to

reliably monitor the performance of new materials in service, providing data and verified models to predict

remnant component lives, to inform maintenance strategies and to reduce the risk of unforeseen in-service

failures would add value.

� K4-I4 - Advanced Materials to generalize the utilization of CO2 (Research & Innovation Actions)

CO2 has the potential to be a viable and sustainable C1 feedstock replacing fossil-based carbon feedstock. The

economical exploitation of CO2 from CCS facilities and process waste gases faces two challenges. One is the

inherent thermodynamic and kinetic stability of CO2, the other is the required purity of the captured CO2. While

high-energy chemical reagents such as epoxides allow a thermodynamically favorable reaction with CO2, a more

general utilization profile will require technologies able to overcome the thermodynamic limitations of less

energetic but still quite interesting reactants such as alcohols, amines and alkenes. For new and industrially

emerging CO2 transformations, the ability to use CO2 from diverse process and energy industries with a

minimum of purification will also be an important driver for the wider adaption of CO2 utilization technologies.

Innovation should focus here on developing new catalysts and separation materials aimed at minimizing

requirements for CO2 purity, maximizing the range of CO2 waste streams and CCU processes and maintaining

current product and selectivity profiles of industrially emerging CO2 technologies.

Table 6. Contribution of IDI to supporting the technology-related actions of SET Plan Integrated Roadmap for energy

CCS & CCU.

Technology-related actions identified for CCS & CCU in

SET Plan Integrated Roadmap

Challenge

from SET

Plan

Integration

Roadmap

Contribution of

IDI to

supporting

these actions

Innovation

Topic(s) in IDI

most supporting

these actions

#1 Basic R&D for supporting pilots and

demonstration actions

CO2 capture

Strong K4-I1, K4-I2, K4-

I3

#2 Proof of concept of efficient capture

technologies for pan-industrial utilization Strong

K4-I1, K4-I2, K4-

I3

#3 Piloting of promising capture technologies Strong K4-I1, K4-I2, K4-

I3

35

#4 Prove options to utilize the full potential of bio-

CCS None -

#5 European Atlas of potential storage sites

CO2 storage

None -

#6 Improved methods for site characterization None -

#7 Improved methods for site monitoring None -

#8 Improved methods for safe storage exploitation None -

#9 Start-up & management of up to 6 new CO2

storage pilots None -

#10 Basic R&D and infrastructure for effective design

and operation of CO2 transport systems Competitive

Carbon

Capture &

Storage

Value Chains

None -

#11 Developing Advanced Materials for CCS

applications and key enabling technologies Strong

K4-I1, K4-I2, K4-

I3

#12 CO2 transport pilots for effective design and

operation of CO2 transport systems None -

#13 Efficiency improvement and key enabling

technology development for CCS Medium

K4-I1, K4-I2, K4-

I3

#14 Advanced olefin production from CO2

Conversion

of CO2 from

process flue

gases

Low K4-I4

#15 Demonstration of fine chemicals from CO2 Low K4-I4

#16 Access to competitive CO2 for chemical

conversion Strong K4-I4

#17 Demonstration of industrial scale production of

polymers from CO2 Low K4-I4

#18 Demonstration pilot for mineral production from

CO2 Low K4-I4

Indicative timeline and recommended budget distribution to realize expected impacts

The present IDI is to be seen as a continued succession of innovation projects to accompany the Advanced Materials

technologies towards higher TRL and later towards a successful commercialization and market development.

For each Key Component & for each Innovation Topic, an estimation was made by EMIRI (based on members’

feedback and with a strong weight given to feedback from Industry) as to the recommended “phasing” for the

allocation of EU funding contributions

� Phase 1 refers to Innovation Topics covered by Horizon 2020 calls of 2016 – 2017

� Phase 2 refers to Innovation Topics covered by Horizon 2020 calls of 2018 - 2019

� Phase 3 refers to Innovation Topics covered by Horizon 2020 calls of 2020

36

Table 7. Indicative timeline and recommended budget distribution across the 4 Key Components of the IDI.

Estimated EU contribution (60 Meuro/year) Phase 1

(2016 - 2017)

Phase 2

(2018 - 2019) &

Phase 3 (2020)

Key Component 1 Advanced Materials to increase

energy performance of buildings 20% 50% 50%

Key Component 2


renewable energy technologies

competitive (Wind - PV - CSP)

30% 45% 55%

Key Component 3 Advanced Materials to enable energy

system integration 35% 40% 60%

Key Component 4 Advanced Materials to enable the

decarbonisation of the power sector 15% 35% 65%

Based on EMIRI internal assessment, it is recommended to give priority in terms of EU funding contributions as

follows:

� Priority 1 – Advanced Materials to enable energy system integration (Key Component 3)

� Priority 2 – Advanced Materials to make renewable energy technologies competitive (Key Component 2)

� Priority 3 – Advanced Materials to increase energy performance of buildings (Key Component 1)

� Priority 4 – Advanced Materials to enable the decarbonisation of the power sector (Key Component 4)

At the level of Key Components, it is also clear that EU funding contributions are budgeted linearly over time while,

as can be seen further below, this may not be the case at the level of Innovation Topic for which an acceleration in

spending may be recommended by EMIRI Technology Work Groups.

Spending of EU funding in Key Component 1 – Advanced Materials to increase energy performance of buildings

Within Key Component 1, it is recommended to give priority (40% of EU funding available for Key Component 1) to

Innovation Topic #1 & Innovation Topic #3 focusing respectively on development of cost efficient, high performance

transparent conductive coatings on transparent supports and on Advanced Materials & processes for novel PV

technologies for façade integration. The 4 remaining Innovation Topics (#2, #4, #5, #6) should each receive similar

level of EU funding attention with accelerated spending in first years of the IDI.

37

Table 8. Indicative timeline and recommended budget distribution across Key Component 1.

Spending of EU funding in Key Component 2 – Advanced Materials to make renewable energy technologies

competitive (Wind – PV – CSP)

Within Key Component 2, it is recommended to give similar level of EU funding attention to Wind versus PV & CSP.

For Wind, 2 Innovation Topics are considered while 3 Innovation Topics are listed for PV & CSP together. At the

level of Innovation Topic, EMIRI Technology WGs recommended to give slightly more attention to Innovation Topic

#2, which focuses on Advanced Materials to improve corrosion & erosion resistance and reduce degradation of

structural and functional components in wind energy power generation. Overall, the Innovation Topics should

receive a quite similar level of attention although we recommend accelerating EU funding spending on Wind slightly

more than on PV & CSP.


Phase 1

(2016 - 2017)

Phase 2

(2018 - 2019) &

Phase 3 (2020)

50% 50%

Innovation Topic #1


Development of cost efficient, high performance transparent conductive

coating on transparent supports

20% 40% 60%

Innovation Topic #2 Advanced Materials & process technologies for switchable glazing 15% 60% 40%

Innovation Topic #3Advanced Materials & new deposition processes for building-integrated

photovoltaics - Novel PV technologies for facade integration20% 50% 50%

Innovation Topic #4

Advanced Materials & new deposition processes for building-integrated

photovoltaics - Efficient transparent barriers for organic photovoltaics

used in BIPV

15% 50% 50%

Innovation Topic #5Advanced Materials for thermal energy storage (TES) - Next generation

thermal energy storage technologies15% 50% 50%

Innovation Topic #6Advanced Materials for energy efficient highly glazed high rise façade

systems15% 50% 50%

Spending - Key Component 1

Advanced Materials to increase energy performance in buildings

Share of efforts per

Innovation Topic

Phase 1

(2016 - 2017)

Phase 2

(2018 - 2019) &

Phase 3 (2020)

45% 55%

Innovation Topic #1Advanced Materials for weight reduction of structural and functional

components in wind energy power generation20% 50% 50%

Innovation Topic #2




25% 45% 55%

Innovation Topic #3Advanced Materials for innovative multilayers for durable solar energy

harvesting15% 40% 60%

Innovation Topic #4Advanced Materials and innovative design for high efficiency solar

energy harvesting20% 40% 60%

Innovation Topic #5Advanced Materials and associated processes for low cost manufacturing

of solar energy harvesting systems20% 40% 60%


Advanced Materials to make renewable energy technologies competitive (Wind - PV - CSP)


Innovation Topic

38

Spending of EU funding in Key Component 3 – Advanced Materials to enable energy system integration

Within Key Component 3, it is recommended to give priority (more than 50% of EU funding available for Key

Component 3) to Innovation Topic #1 & Innovation Topic #2 focusing both on Advanced Materials for lower cost,

high safety, ling cycle life & environmentally friendly electrochemical batteries – These Innovation Topics covering

batteries for sure cover Li-ion batteries but also next generation batteries. It is recommended to accelerate funding

of innovation of Li-ion batteries first and let next generation batteries catch up in Phase 2 & Phase 3. As far as

Advanced Materials for storage of energy in the form of chemicals (hydrogen or else) are concerned and based on

internal assessment by EMIRI Technology WGs, it is recommended to allocate at least 25% of EU funding attention.

Innovation Topic #4 was given the lowest priority in terms of allocating EU innovation funding attention

notwithstanding the need still for continued funding of the topics dealing with Advanced Materials for the grid.


Spending of EU funding in Key Component 4 – Advanced Materials to enable the decarbonisation of the power

sector

Within Key Component 4, it is recommended to give priority at 70% of EU funding attention to Innovation Topics

dealing with increased process efficiency and CCS in power & energy intensive industries, Advanced Materials for

CO2 separation processes for CCS and Advanced Materials with improved in-service performance in power & energy

intensive industries. The utilization of CO2, enabled by innovative Advanced Materials, should receive about 30% of

EU funding attention in the Key Component and should see an acceleration in Phases 2 & 3.

Phase 1

(2016 - 2017)

Phase 2

(2018 - 2019) &

Phase 3 (2020)

40% 60%

Innovation Topic #1Advanced Materials for lower cost, high safety, long cycle life &

environmentally friendly electrochemical batteries - Li ION BATTERIES35% 50% 50%

Innovation Topic #2


environmentally friendly electrochemical batteries - NEXT GENERATION

ELECTROCHEMICAL BATTERIES

25% 40% 60%

Innovation Topic #3



technologies)

25% 40% 60%

Innovation Topic #4Advanced Materials to facilitate the integration of storage technologies

in the grid15% 30% 70%




Innovation Topic

39


Time delivery of expected impacts per Key Component and per Innovation Topic

The present IDI is to be seen as a continued succession of innovation projects to accompany the Advanced Materials

technologies towards higher TRL and later towards a successful commercialization and market development. The

development of Advanced Materials for demanding applications such as is the case for low carbon energy

technologies is a time-consuming & risky process. The typical development cycle from lab to market for Advanced

Materials can range in most cases from 5 to 10 years and more when considering the needed parallel development

of continuously improved generations of Advanced Materials to keep on improving the KPIs of the application in

which they are used (cost reduction, performance improvement, improved lifecycle, longer lifetime, performance

stability).

For each Key Component & for each Innovation Topic, an estimation was made by EMIRI (based on members

feedback and with a strong weight given to feedback from Industry) as to the timing and magnitude of Impact.

EMIRI defined 3 horizons for Impact being “Impact by 2020”, “Impact by 2025” and “Impact beyond”.

As seen from overview table below, most Impact of conducting R&I on Advanced Materials for low carbon energy

technologies in the supportive context of an IDI is expected by 2025 and beyond which is in line with typical

development cycle (from lab to market) for Advanced Materials.

Highest contribution to total impact is expected by EMIRI members to come from Key Component 3 (Advanced

Materials to enable energy system integration) followed by Key Component 2 (Advanced Materials to make

renewable energy technologies competitive).

Phase 1

(2016 - 2017)

Phase 2

(2018 - 2019) &

Phase 3 (2020)

35% 65%

Innovation Topic #1Advanced Materials for increased process effciency and CCS in power

and energy intensive industries25% 40% 60%

Innovation Topic #2 Advanced Materials for CO2 separation processes for CCS 25% 40% 60%

Innovation Topic #3Improved methods for evaluating and monitoring materials performance

in service in the power and energy intensive industries20% 25% 75%

Innovation Topic #4 Advanced Materials for the utilization of CO2 30% 30% 70%




Innovation Topic

40

Table 12. Time delivery of expected impacts per Key Component.

Time delivery of expected impact for Key Component 1 – Advanced Materials to increase energy performance of

buildings

In Key Component 1, the highest impact is expected from conducting R&I on Advanced Materials for high

performance & durable coatings as well as developing the Advanced Materials needed to enable building-

integrated photovoltaics (novel PV technologies adapted to façade integration & efficient and protective

transparent barriers for organic photovoltaics).

Table 13. Time delivery of expected impacts per Innovation Topic within Key Component 1.

Time delivery of expected impact for Key Component 2 – Advanced Materials to make renewable energy

technologies competitive (Wind – PV – CSP)

In Key Component 2, the impact is more or less balanced between Wind & Solar (PV, CSP) with Wind presenting a

somewhat higher impact as well as a faster impact in general. Impact from R&I conducted on Advanced Materials

for wind energy and for solar energy will benefit from well-defined and limited number of Innovation Topics all

directly targeting a clear and strong reduction in the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) produced by these 2

Impact by 2020 Impact by 2025 Impact beyond

Key Component 1Advanced Materials to increase energy performance

of buildings20% 20% 40% 40%

Key Component 2Advanced Materials to make renewable energy

technologies competitive (Wind - PV - CSP)25% 25% 35% 40%

Key Component 3Advanced Materials to enable energy system

integration40% 30% 35% 35%

Key Component 4Advanced Materials to enable the decarbonisation of

the power sector15% 20% 40% 40%

Expected Impact

Impact by

2020

Impact by

2025

Impact

beyond

20% 40% 40%

Innovation Topic #1


Development of cost efficient, high performance transparent conductive

coating on transparent supports

25% 20% 40% 40%

Innovation Topic #2 Advanced Materials & process technologies for switchable glazing 10% 25% 40% 35%

Innovation Topic #3Advanced Materials & new deposition processes for building-integrated

photovoltaics - Novel PV technologies for facade integration20% 20% 35% 45%

Innovation Topic #4

Advanced Materials & new deposition processes for building-integrated

photovoltaics - Efficient transparent barriers for organic photovoltaics

used in BIPV

20% 20% 35% 45%

Innovation Topic #5Advanced Materials for thermal energy storage (TES) - Next generation

thermal energy storage technologies10% 25% 30% 45%

Innovation Topic #6Advanced Materials for energy efficient highly glazed high rise façade

systems15% 20% 35% 45%

Expected Impact - Key Component 1

Advanced Materials to increase energy performance of buildings

Contribution

to expected

impact

41

renewable energy sources. Wind & Solar having both their specific advantages depending on where & how

renewable energy is to be recovered, EMIRI stresses the need to not give a strong advantage to the one renewable

energy or the other in terms of funding – Both options should be tackled with similar attention.


Time delivery of expected impact for Key Component 3 – Advanced Materials to enable energy system

integration

In Key Component 3, it is clear that the highest contribution to Impact is expected by EMIRI members to come from

conducting R&I on electrochemical storage of energy (Li-ion batteries and next generation batteries). There is

indeed a growing need for better and continuously improved Advanced Materials for that application and this is

concomitant with positive forecast of market growth of energy storage using batteries. Storage of energy using the

“power to gas, liquid, fuels, chemicals, …” approach is also to be given strong attention since it offers a

complimentary solution with its own specificities and able to pick up where energy storage using batteries may not

be most adapted as a solution. Synergies between this approach and carbon capture & utilization for subsequent

chemistry is here to be kept in mind. Last but not least, Advanced Materials to facilitate integration of storage

technologies in the grid are also crucial to the whole puzzle of energy system integration and will deliver a specific

impact in terms of Advanced Materials to improve present technology (e.g. stronger, higher current overhead lines)

and enable emerging technologies (e.g. superconducting cables).

Impact by

2020

Impact by

2025

Impact

beyond

25% 35% 40%

Innovation Topic #1Advanced Materials for weight reduction of structural and functional

components in wind energy power generation30% 30% 40% 30%

Innovation Topic #2




25% 30% 30% 40%

Innovation Topic #3Advanced Materials for innovative multilayers for durable solar energy

harvesting15% 25% 35% 40%

Innovation Topic #4Advanced Materials and innovative design for high efficiency solar

energy harvesting15% 20% 35% 45%

Innovation Topic #5Advanced Materials and associated processes for low cost manufacturing

of solar energy harvesting systems15% 30% 35% 35%



Contribution

to expected

impact

42


Time delivery of expected impact for Key Component 4 – Advanced Materials to enable the decarbonisation of

the power sector

In Key Component 4, most impact is expected to come from Innovation Topics 1, 2 & 3 related do / dealing with

carbon capture & storage (CCS). Expected impact is lower for carbon capture & utilization (CCU) when looking at

the potential technology & market leadership of Advanced Materials enabling CCU. The potential overall impact of

CCU is however bigger when considering not only the market opportunities for Advanced Materials enabling CCU

but also the derived products which can emerge from conducting chemical processes using CO2 as a C1-feedstock.


Impact by

2020

Impact by

2025

Impact

beyond

30% 35% 35%

Innovation Topic #1Advanced Materials for lower cost, high safety, long cycle life &

environmentally friendly electrochemical batteries - Li ION BATTERIES35% 30% 40% 30%

Innovation Topic #2


environmentally friendly electrochemical batteries - NEXT GENERATION

ELECTROCHEMICAL BATTERIES

25% 15% 40% 45%

Innovation Topic #3



technologies)

25% 20% 35% 45%

Innovation Topic #4Advanced Materials to facilitate the integration of storage technologies

in the grid15% 25% 35% 40%



Contribution

to expected

impact

Impact by

2020

Impact by

2025

Impact

beyond

20% 40% 40%

Innovation Topic #1Advanced Materials for increased process efficiency and CCS in power

and energy intensive industries30% 30% 35% 35%

Innovation Topic #2 Advanced Materials for CO2 separation processes for CCS 15% 25% 40% 35%

Innovation Topic #3Improved methods for evaluating and monitoring materials performance

in service in the power and energy intensive industries25% 25% 35% 40%

Innovation Topic #4 Advanced Materials for the utilization of CO2 30% 25% 35% 40%



Contribution

to expected

impact

43

Spread of Interest across the engaged Industry active in various Value Chains

Each Innovation Topic of the present IDI is supported on average by 40% of consulted industrial companies (EMIRI members) (dark blue cells are for

strong business interest, light blue cells are for medium business interest) – Moreover, industrial companies have on average a strong to very strong

interest into at least 5 of the Innovation Topics. Similar interests are expected from the broad industrial basis operating in Europe.

Table 17. Spread of interest across the engaged Industry active in the various Innovation Topics.

Industrial Players SOLVAY SIEMENS PLANSEEDOW

CORNINGDSM JSR MICRO DPS BOSCH

ARCELOR

MITTALBEKAERT HC STARK UMICORE AGC SAFT

K1-I1 1,0 1,0 1,0 0,5 0,5 0,5 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0

K1-I2 0,5 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0

K1-I3 1,0 0,5 0,5 1,0 0,5 0,5 0,5

K1-I4 1,0 1,0 1,0

K1-I5 0,5 1,0 0,5 1,0 0,5

K1-I6 0,5 0,5 1,0 0,5



ARCELOR


K2-I1 0,5 1,0 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 1,0 0,5

K2-I2 0,5 1,0 1,0 0,5 1,0 0,5 1,0 0,5 1,0 0,5

K2-I3 0,5 0,5 1,0

K2-I4 0,5 0,5 1,0 1,0

K2-I5 0,5 1,0 1,0 0,5 1,0



ARCELOR


K3-I1 1,0 0,5 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0

K3-I2 1,0 0,5 1,0 0,5 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0

K3-I3 0,5 1,0 1,0 0,5 1,0 1,0 1,0 0,5 1,0 0,5 1,0

K3-I4 0,5 1,0 0,5 0,5 0,5 1,0 0,5 1,0 1,0



ARCELOR


K4-I1 0,5 1,0 1,0 1,0 0,5

K4-I2 0,5 1,0 0,5 1,0

K4-I3 1,0 1,0 0,5 1,0

K4-I4 1,0 1,0 0,5 1,0 1,0

Key Component 4


Key Component 1

Advanced Materials to increase energy performance of buildings

Key Component 2


Key Component 3


44

PART III – EXPECTED IMPACTS

Expected impacts on Industry & Society

According to the Oxford Study realized for DG R&I, the market of Advanced Materials for energy applications

represents an important opportunity for the European Industry 17. The market is forecast by EU-endorsed study on

Value Added Materials (restrictive subset of Advanced Materials) to grow at 8% annual growth rate from a

conservative 14 billion euro in 2015 to 37 billion euro in 2030 and to an impressive 175 billion euro by 2050 in EU

(accounting for about 6 to 8% of total market value for the derived energy applications) 17. By 2050, the market for

Advanced Materials for energy applications should be higher than the market of Advanced Materials for transport

and the market of Advanced Materials for health combined 17.

However, in Advanced Materials for Energy, EU faces strong international competition at the expense of its

industrial leadership:

� End-markets of low carbon energy technologies using Advanced Materials are strongly developing outside of

EU (e.g. Asia is rapidly developing its capacity for production of low carbon energy) 2

� Manufacturing of devices, components, Advanced Materials is for these low carbon energy technologies is

moving to end-markets and is established outside of EU (e.g. Asia is rapidly moving up the value chains,

leading to emergence of new champions often at expense of historical players) 9,10

� Innovation in field of Advanced Materials for low carbon energy technologies is steadily following manufacturing

with EU excelling at basic research while the rest of the world also focuses on higher technology readiness level

research to innovate, manufacture and commercialize 10

� This creates future dependency risks on imported low carbon energy technologies

Counterbalancing this trend and building a strong European leadership with a global business reach requires the

development and implementation of a supportive European Policy Framework driving innovation, manufacturing

and market development of low carbon energy technologies in EU. A strong long-term partnership of private and

public sectors (Industry-Driven Initiative - IDI) focusing through an Innovation Pillar on reducing innovation risks &

accelerating innovation is key to safeguarding EU’s future in the field (Figure 8).

Based on public figures published by various trade associations, the EU-based (products manufactured in EU and

sold inside and outside of EU) sector of Advanced Materials (plastics, non-ferrous metals, steel, glass …) is estimated

at 650 billion euro, employing more than 2.5 million people (in direct jobs and around 4 times more in indirect jobs

along the various value chains served) supporting the manufacturing in EU of more than 300 million tons of materials

7. More than 3% of revenues are commonly re-invested into R&D leading to creation of 6.000 direct jobs for

researchers & engineers each time 1 more billion euro is re-invested into R&D 8. For any additional billion of

revenues generated by the EU-based sector, 4.000 direct jobs (across all functions) are created and around 60

million euro are invested as CAPEX 8.

The segment of Advanced Materials for low carbon energy technologies is conservatively estimated by EMIRI’s

internal study at around 4-5% of EU-based sector but it is one with the highest growth potential 7. EMIRI estimates

the EU-based segment of Advanced Materials for low carbon energy technologies at 30 billion euro in 2015,

employing more than 110.000 people (direct jobs) including 5.000 researchers in the industry 7. EU must seize the

opportunity to establish Industrial Leadership in this growing segment or this opportunity will be captured by others.

Provided policies driving innovation, manufacturing and market development of low carbon energy technologies

are in place across Europe, the annual turnover of EU-based segment producing Advanced Materials for low carbon

energy technologies could increase by more than 50% by 2025 (at more than 45 billion euro in a conservative

45

assessment – this corresponds to a compounded annual growth rate of 4%), generate an additional 65.000 direct

jobs, provide job opportunities for close to 3.000 additional researchers in the industry and lead to a strong increase

in yearly CAPEX (Figure 9) 7,8.

Figure 8. Technology to market translation needs – The need for the Innovation Pillar of the EMERIT IDI.

Figure 9. Conservative estimate of Europe-based industry of Advanced Materials for low carbon energy technologies and its

potential for policy-driven growth 7,8..

Expected impact of achieving the specific R&I objectives of IDI (overall impact of IDI at EU scale)

Achieving the specific R&D objectives of IDI will, among others, contribute to:

� Getting the right Advanced Materials faster to the market by addressing the three typical innovation risks

(execution, adoption and co-innovation risks)

46

� Accelerating the development & deployment of low carbon energy technologies enabled by Advanced

Materials

� Enabling stronger and more competitive value chains to drive competitiveness of the EU Industrial Sector of

Advanced Materials for Energy and restore Industrial Leadership of EU



� Contributing to tackle Energy Union Challenges (cleaner, cheaper and more accessible energy)

� Contributing to tackle EU Manufacturing Challenges (20% of EU GDP from manufacturing by 2020)

Arrangements to monitor & assess progress towards achieving desired effects (KPIs)

Key to the development and deployment in Europe of low carbon energy, the right Advanced Materials need to be

developed and brought to the market in sufficiently large quantities and as fast as possible. The development of

Advanced Materials is a lengthy, risky, competitive and costly process and it is therefore crucial to monitor the

progress of innovation efforts as well as have clear knowledge and understanding of applications and their market

evolution.

The innovation actions carried out in the frame of the IDI will benefit from the Governance model and will draw

upon a detailed and valuable list of technology-oriented Key Performance Indicators (Innovation KPIs) such as those

present in the recently published SET Plan Integrated Roadmap 3 and the Materials Roadmap enabling low carbon

energy technologies 12.

Within the IDI, the Innovation KPIs (on Advanced Materials properties, on technology advantages benefiting from

these improved Advanced Materials properties) will need to be defined, measured, reported and analyzed (for

corrective actions) at 3 levels being the project(s) (Innovation Topic), the portfolio of projects sharing similarities /

synergies (Key Component) and finally at the level of the programme (Innovation Pillar). In the fast-evolving

environment of low carbon energy, it will also be crucial to confront these Innovation KPIs to the evolution of

applications and their markets to ensure fast and appropriate corrective actions.

Las but not least, most important KPIs used to evaluate the impact of the IDI will be the business-oriented KPIs

(those related to protecting and developing Industrial leadership of EU-based players, creation of SMEs, new

patents, …). These KPIs, later called Economical & Societal KPIs are necessary to best orient innovation efforts and

increase chances of valorization.

Operational KPIs

Operational KPIs (Table 18) will have to be selected & monitored over time to evaluate the IDI as a tool as to its

effectiveness and efficiency to facilitate the achievement of the IDI objectives. Monitoring of the KPIs will have to

lead to corrective measures where needed and KPIs may need to be adapted over time to best represent reality

and best support decision-making and progress measurement.

47

Table 18. Potential Operational KPIs to monitor & assess progress of IDI.

Selection of potential KPIs to monitor & assess progress of IDI

Operational # 1 Contribution of the IDI to ensure R&I objectives are met

Operational # 2 Contribution of the IDI to enhance the deployment of EU policies on Energy,

Innovation, Manufacturing, Growth & Jobs

Operational # 3 Effectiveness of EMIRI in supporting the creation and the operations of the IDI to reach

the R&I objectives and promote the initiative across a broad stakeholder base

Operational # 4 Effectiveness of the IDI model as a tool for increasing R&I investment from private

sector

Operational # 5 Effectiveness of the IDI model to pool various stakeholders between public and private

sectors to combine private and public sources of funds

Operational # 6

Level of participation (per call and topic) in the different Innovation Topics of the IDI

(per sub-sector, per organization type, per organization size, per organization

geography, …)

Operational # 7 Number of project proposals submitted (per call and topic) and quantified per sub-

sector

Operational # 8 Number of project proposals above the threshold (per call and topic) and quantified

per sub-sector

Operational # 9 Percentage of proposal reaching negotiation and measurement of lead time between

project submission and project launch

Operational # 10 Measurement of lead time between project submission and project launch

Operational # 11 Participation mapping in terms of geography

Operational # 12 Budget allocation across different sub-sectors, low carbon energy technologies,

entities (industry, SMEs, RTOs, Universities, …)

Operational # 13 Budget allocation across different activities (RIA, IA) and along TRL scale

Operational # 14 Sufficiency of funding to reach project objectives

Operational # 15 Number of projects delivering on proposed objectives (success factor measurement)

Innovation KPIs

Innovation KPIs (Table 19) will be used to guide the innovation of Advanced Materials across the Innovation Topics

and the Key Components. An indicative first list of Innovation KPIs is available as Annex at the end of this document.

These KPIs are line with the Innovation KPIs mentioned in SET Plan Materials Roadmap 12, SET Plan Integrated

Roadmap 3, documents prepared by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) in frame of SETIS 30. Innovation KPIs will need

to be adapted over time in line with technology development forecasts to reflect market evolutions &

requirements.

48

Table 19. Potential Innovation KPIs to monitor & assess progress of IDI.

Selection of potential KPIs to monitor & assess progress of IDI

Innovation

Key Component 1

Advanced Materials to

increase energy

performance of buildings

For each

Innovation

Topic

Over time

By 2020

By 2025

After 2025

1. Identification of which

challenge from SET plan

integrated roadmap is tackled by

the Innovation Topic

2. Identification of which

technology-related action from

SET plan integrated roadmap is

tackled by the Innovation Topic

and to which extent contribution

is made

3. KPIs at the level of the

Advanced Materials (physical,

chemical properties)

4. KPIs at the level of the

Advanced Materials (maximum

production costs)

5. KPIs at the level of the low

carbon energy technologies

enabled by the Advanced

Materials (performance

specifications)

6. KPIs at the level of the low


enabled by the Advanced

Materials (cost of the low carbon

energy technologies, levelized

cost of electricity produced by

these low carbon energy

technologies)

Innovation

Key Component 2


make renewable

electricity technologies

competitive

Innovation

Key Component 3


enable energy system

integration (energy

storage, grids)

Innovation

Key Component 4


enable decarbonisation of

power sector

Economical & Societal KPIs

As far as Economical & Societal KPIs are concerned, we recommend to consider KPIs for the technology

development cycle and KPIs for the market development cycle. The table below lists a selection of potential KPIs

(Table 20). To make sense of it all and enable the assessment of the evolution of the industrial leadership of EU-

based players, it will also be very important to rely on and compare information from various sources such as the

Joint Research Centre (JRC), DG ENERGY, DG GROW, DG R&I, Industry, market analysts, brokers, … on how global

and regional markets are evolving in terms of size and growth potential, mix of low carbon energy technologies,

competitive intensity & profitability, key success factors … along the value chain from producers of Advanced

Materials down to low carbon energy technology manufacturers and users in the field (utilities).

49

Table 20. Potential Economical & Societal KPIs to monitor & assess progress of IDI.

Selection of potential KPIs to monitor & assess economical & societal progress of IDI

During technology

development cycle

(before

commercialization of

the Advanced

Materials developed in

frame of IDI)

- at level of project(s)

(Innovation Topic)

- at level of portfolio of

projects addressing

same low carbon

energy technologies

(Key Component)

- at level of the

programme

(Innovation Pillar)

Number of researchers participating in projects

supported by the IDI

Number of training activities

Number of PhD generated

Trends in patents & external dissemination

Level of investment in R&I (private and public)

Number of projects showing evidence of technology risk

reduction (delivering on technological expectations)

Number of projects showing evidence of market risk

reduction (delivering on improved insight of market

needs and market adoption chances)

During market

development cycle

(once

commercialization

started, after the

innovation projects are

completed)

At level of one family

of Advanced Materials

for a specific low

carbon energy

technology

Estimated reduction in time to market (T2M) thanks to

developing the Advanced Materials in frame of IDI

Estimated reduction in time to profits (T2P) thanks to


Estimated reduction in time to scale (T2S) thanks to


Number of researchers active in supporting market

development of the new Advanced Materials

Opportunities for development of new generations of

Advanced Materials and their intellectual protection

Trends in patenting activity

Number of jobs created following commercialization of

the new Advanced Materials (in innovation,

manufacturing, sales, …)

Investment in R&I to support the market development

of the new Advanced Materials

50

Investment in capital to support production of the new

Advanced Materials

Evolution of market size (in EU and outside of EU) which

can be served by the new Advanced Materials

Evolution of market presence (trends in market share)

and manufacturing volume (in EU and outside of EU) of

the new Advanced Materials

Level of competitive pressure and competitiveness of

the EU-based industry on the served market

At level of the sector of

Advanced Materials for

low carbon energy

technologies

Evolution of revenues of EU-based players (per

addressed geographic market, per sub-sector (glass,

plastics, non-ferrous metals, steel, …), per addressed

low carbon energy technology)

Evolution of R&D spending of EU-based players

Evolution of capital expenditures of EU-based players

Evolution of workforce at EU-based players

Evolution of number of researchers active at EU-based

players

Trends in patenting activity

Number of new Advanced Materials (generations)

brought to the market

Trends in business continuity and creation of SMEs,

start-ups

Other indicators typical of annual reports, balance

sheet, profit & loss statement

Other indicators typical of innovation performance

management

51

Additionality to existing activities, added value of action at EU level and of public intervention using EU funds

(benefits of an IDI compared to other options)

Added value of action at Union level

Turning the global challenge of low carbon, secure, affordable energy into an opportunity for the European Industry

and European citizens can best be done by acting swiftly at European level with a strong articulation with the

different sensitivities and priorities at Member State level.

Following adoption of the Communication on Energy Technologies and Innovation in 2013, and the Conclusions of

the European Council in May 2013, the European Commission has initiated an update of its research & innovation

policy, the Strategic Energy Technologies (SET) Plan, stressing the need for reinforced actions at European level to

meet more effectively Europe’s objectives in field of energy & climate change 13, 14.

This much-awaited update of Research & Innovation Policy led end of 2014 to a detailed document validated by

the SET Plan Steering Group involving Member States and assimilated by contributing stakeholders (including

EMIRI) to a SET Plan Integrated Roadmap 3 listing the many Research & Innovation (R&I) Challenges and needs of

the EU Energy System as well as advocating the need for a reinforced research & innovation response at EU level.

In frame of the Energy Union of President Juncker 1, the recent Communication to the European Parliament on the

Integrated SET Plan 5 outlines 10 key actions among which sustaining technological leadership of EU by developing

highly performant low carbon energy technologies, and reducing the cost of these technologies are clearly enabled

by Advanced Materials.

Innovations based on Advanced Materials need to be developed at EU scale tapping into the broad range of

competences developed in EU in past framework programmes and present at different stakeholders from research

& technology organizations, universities and industry spread over the continent. For the various R&I actions listed

in the SET Plan Integrated Roadmap 3, EMIRI has assessed (refer to Part II – Research & Innovation Strategy of the

present document) to which extent and at what speed Innovation in Advanced Materials (also called Industrial

Research & Demonstration in the SET Plan Integrated Roadmap) will have an impact as well as which Innovation

Topics from the EMERIT Industry-Driven Initiative will most contribute to the impact in terms of technology

development and leadership.

A similar exercise had been done in the past (end 2011) in frame of the SET Plan Materials Roadmap 12 and led to a

list of proposed R&I actions spread over time and across technologies. The roadmap established then was the first

time such a comprehensive exercise was done in field of Advanced Materials for Energy. The EMERIT IDI has of

course also integrated the key insights from the SET Plan Materials Roadmap 12 and added a prioritization layer

based on criteria encompassing market attractiveness, value chain elements and ability of EU-based industry of

Advanced Materials to build a competitive position on the global stage of Advanced Materials for low carbon

energy.

EU now has most elements & tools needed to accelerate innovation and mitigate the risks. We strongly believe that

such an endeavour can only be achieved efficiently and effectively at EU level through the establishment in

reasonable delays of a sizeable and stable long term multi-annual Innovation Pillar relying upon a programmatic

52

approach and offering Industry a clear outlook on where and how EU is aligning its innovation priorities and how

this is translated into resources to support the innovation for the Energy Union.

The EMERIT IDI can be seen as an implementation programme for the contributions of Key Enabling Technology

(KET) of Advanced Materials to Energy Union 5 & its SET Plan Integrated Roadmap 3. It will reinforce and develop

technology leadership of EU-based industry of Advanced Materials and stimulate EU-based manufacturing to

contribute to the Europe-wide strategic objective of growing the share of manufacturing to 20% of GDP by 2020

and beyond.

Added value of implementation via an Industry-Driven Initiative versus “business as usual”

Building a strong European leadership in the field of Advanced Materials for low carbon energy technologies

requires an integrated approach at European level involving strongly the Industry and the research world and

focusing specifically on innovation (technology readiness level (TRL) of 4 to 7). A strong European Innovation Pillar,

widely supported by the key Industry players, is needed to bridge the gap existing between the research world and

the market, tackle the current shortcomings and accelerate innovation by reducing the three typical innovation

risks (execution risk, value chain / market adoption risk and co-innovation risk). A well-designed, carefully

constructed Industry-driven Initiative (IDI) is the best option to take into account the business dimension of

innovation, best allocate public and private resources, increase success rate of R&D and develop better & faster a

strong portfolio of Advanced Materials innovations for low carbon energy technologies.

Recognized for a few years as a key enabling technology (KET) 18 to be supported by the European Commission,

Advanced Materials have already received a strong attention during the 7th EU Framework Programme (2007 –

2014). Within the NMP FP7 programme only, over 750 million euro of EU funding was used to support more than

170 projects related to materials for energy applications 19. These projects were very often hovering around low

technology readiness levels (more research than innovation) and resulted into a very weak valorization (low patent

intensity, low commercialization potential). However, a very strong base of competences on Advanced Materials

for low carbon energy technologies was created thanks to FP7 and it is now an ideal base to empower the focus on

innovation in Horizon 2020.

The construction of an IDI on Advanced Materials will be driven by a dynamic grouping of Industry players and

research players teaming up in the frame of EMIRI and interfacing with existing ETPs & relevant Associations (see

Part IV – Governance). The priorities supported by the members of EMIRI are strongly in line with elements listed

in the SET Plan Materials Roadmap 12 and the SET Plan Integrated Roadmap 3. In that respect, a future IDI with EMIRI

playing a pivotal role in its establishment and ensuring its execution can be considered as the necessary

implementation arm of the recommended actions on Advanced Materials outlined in the SET Plan Integrated

Roadmap document released by the European Commission early December 2014.

Implementation of the innovation agenda of the Industry-driven initiative will also benefit from interfacing with

other EU R&I mechanisms such as the European Energy Research Alliance (EERA) 20, the European University

Association & Energy Platform of the European Universities (EUA-EPUE) 21, the SET Plan European Technology and

Innovation Platforms (ETIP) 22 developed in frame of review SET Plan Governance, the European Institute of

Technology Knowledge and Innovation Community (EIT KIC) Innoenergy 23 and the European Strategic Forum on

Research Infrastructures (ESFRI) 24. Altogether, Industry, Research Centers and Universities cover the entire research

and innovation spectrum and have already significant activities & competences platforms on which to build for the

implementation of the market-oriented innovation agenda.

53

Ability to leverage additional industrial investments in research & innovation and monitoring of industrial

commitments

Based on the scope of the IDI (over the 4 Key Components and the selected Innovation Topics), it is estimated that

600 million euro of funds (total coming from private side and public side) is needed to reach critical innovation

mass, reduce innovation risks and accelerate innovation within the TRL zone 4 to 7. Bringing developments in

Advanced Materials from TRL 4 to 9, i.e. to market access, would require up to 1.5 billion euro with private funds

accounting for at least 80% of total funds (Table 21).

Table 21. Estimation of total funds and private funds needed to reach critical innovation mass at level of the Innovation Pillar

and per Key Component.

Share of

funds (%)

Total funds

(for R&I activities

in TRL zone 4 – 7)

(Meuro)

Private funds

(for R&I activities

in TRL zone 4 – 7)

(Meuro)

Private funds (for

R&I activities and

investments in TRL

zone 4 to 9)

(Meuro)

Key

Component 1


increase the energy

performance of buildings

20% 120 60 240

Key

Component 2


make renewable

electricity technologies

competitive

30% 180 90 360

Key

Component 3


enable energy system

integration

35% 210 105 420

Key

Component 4


enable decarbonisation

of power sector

15% 90 45 180

Total over all Key Components 100% 600 Meuro 300 Meuro 1.200 Meuro

When embedded in components, devices, systems for the production of low carbon energy, Advanced Materials

have to conform to very demanding conditions in terms of performance and its stability over time quite often in

harsh, difficult environments. It goes without saying that the innovation in Advanced Materials is a costly and

lengthy endeavour taking years from the application lab to the validation step before releasing to the market –

Moreover production of these Advanced Materials relies upon high tech processes in controlled manufacturing

54

conditions / environments to ensure process stability and product quality over time. Considering these elements

and the need to maintain industrial presence and leadership in Europe in line with Commission’s will to stimulate

re-industrialization of Europe in key high tech sectors, it is essential to engage into risk sharing between the public

and private worlds as an IDI.

Helping industry bridge and cross the critical innovation gap between lab and markets is one of European

Commission’s priorities. In Horizon 2020, close to 6 billion euro are dedicated to Key Enabling Technologies in the

Industrial Leadership pillar and close to 6 billion euro are available to invest in R&I on secure, clean and efficient

energy (not covering nuclear energy research) in the Societal Challenges pillar 31. Part of this budget is used for R&I

on Advanced Materials for low carbon energy technologies. This budget is clearly not sufficient to cover the needs

to develop the Advanced Materials enabling the SET plan technologies and a strong partnership with industry is

vital to develop common innovation roadmaps & the derived work programmes adapted to industry’s realities and

market needs. Industry has the responsibility to provide most of the investment and commitment needed to take

these Advanced Materials from the lab to the markets but it is also European Commission responsibility to help

Industry reduce the innovation risks to accelerate innovation for the benefit of the European Energy Union, the

European Economy and the European citizens.

The capacities map prepared by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) provides an assessment of public and corporate

R&D investment in low carbon technologies in the EU addressing the key R&D technology needs and challenges

identified by the SET plan 32. Despite the climate of uncertainty due to weak recovery of advanced economies and

the slowdown of growth in emerging economies, a progressive rate of increase in R&D investment was observed

in the EU. Overall R&D intensity remains however low below the target of 3% of GDP (behind South Korea, Japan

and the USA). As far as low carbon energy technologies are concerned, 8.8 billion euro were invested in 2011 in

Europe in R&D for SET-plan technologies and the majority of funding came from corporate sector 32. Industry

invested over 5.8 billion euro (66%), national programmes (leading countries being France and Germany)

represented 2.5 billion euro (28%) and the rest (about 500 million euro or 6%) came from EU funding mechanisms.

Industry invested twice more than all national programmes taken together and more than 10 times more than EU

32. In 2011, the investment in the SET plan technologies amounted to roughly 3% of total R&D investment in EU 32.

The Industry developing, manufacturing, and commercializing Advanced Materials for low carbon energy

technologies typically invests 800 million euro per year in R&D (close to 3% R&D intensity) as well as 2 billion euro

per year in capital expenditures 8. It also employs 5.000 people in R&D (close to 5% of all workforce) 7. Compared

to investment in R&D in Europe of the whole manufacturing sector active in SET plan technologies (the whole value

chain of companies manufacturing materials, chemicals, components, devices, systems), the Industry of Advanced

Materials represents a significant part.


the R&D intensity (private R&D investment) of the Industry of Advanced Materials through leverage effect along

the innovation chain to reach markets. Estimation of the leverage factor to be expected was made by EMIRI. The

ratio of private funding over public funding was estimated at up to 1.5 when restricting the TRL range between 4

to 7 (which is the focus of the present IDI) and the ratio was estimated to a conservative value of up to 4 when

considering the TRL range of 4 to 9, i.e. taking a technology concept validated in the lab and bringing it to

deployment. Indeed, when analyzing the funding evolution as projects evolve, the funding sources evolve from

public to private when moving along the TRL scale with large efforts (mostly capital expenditures for starting

55

commercial operations) made by the Industry after TRL 7. Resorting to additional funding mechanisms beyond

Horizon 2020 is then sometimes occurring using EIB, Structural Funds, Member States schemes … Major capital

investments by Industry always follow to ramp up scale and ensure scale-driven manufacturing cost reductions to

ensure competitiveness and market presence.

Monitoring of private investments and public investments (from EU side) could be followed using a methodology

close to the one used by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) in their report on capacity mapping published in 2015

“Capacity Mapping: R&D investment in SET-plan technologies” 32. Assistance of the Joint Research Centre (JRC) and

the European Commission services would be beneficial and a third party could be involved to ensure independence

and consistency of monitoring indicators such as those outlined in Table 5.

Figure 10. Overall synergy between private and public investments, highlighting leverage factor over the technology

development cycle.

Table 22. Typical indicators for monitoring of R&D investment in SET Plan Technologies.

Typical indicators for monitoring of R&D investment in SET Plan Technologies

R&D investment # 1 Corporate R&D investment, public funding available at EU level, public funding

available through national mechanisms

R&D investment # 2 Over all the SET plan low carbon energy technologies covered in the IDI

R&D investment # 3 Per SET plan low carbon energy technology covered in the IDI

R&D investment # 4 Absolute values, relative values and change over time

R&D investment # 5 Positioning in the technology development cycle (TRL positioning)

56

R&D investment # 6

Monitoring also per country of establishment of the Industrial players (absolute

amount and compared to GDP) and of EU and leading countries with other

countries, regions of the world

R&D investment # 7 Share of investment by Industry of Advanced Materials in total investment by the

whole Industry over the manufacturing value chain

R&D investment # 8 Corporate R&D investment versus turnover (at level of Industry of Advanced

Materials and over the manufacturing value chain)

R&D investment # 9 Number of leading companies identified per SET plan technology

R&D investment # 10 Number of leading countries identified per SET plan technology

57

PART IV – GOVERNANCE AND INFORMATION ON THE LEGAL ENTITY AND SUGGESTED

ROLES FOR THE IDI PARTNERS

The EMERIT IDI aims to bridge the innovation gap between research and market by providing the needed insight

for the creation of an Innovation Pillar instrumental in reducing risks of innovation and accelerating the innovation

for the successful transformation of the European energy system towards a low carbon energy future. This roadmap

is the best alternative to parallel running short-term initiatives and its added value also resides in a staged approach

with short-term, medium-term and long-term horizons.

Through EMIRI, over 60 organizations have so far put their expertise in offering a consistent approach to innovation

in Advanced Materials for low carbon energy technologies covering Advanced Materials for high-efficiency

buildings, Advanced Materials for wind and solar, Advanced Materials for energy system integration (storage &

grids) and finally Advanced Materials for the decarbonisation of the power sector.

The development, manufacturing and commercialization of Advanced Materials is a long and capital-intensive cycle

based on long-term investment plans with high risk factor and long return on investments. The very nature of that

sector therefore requires a clear, predictable and stable strategic agenda whose financing by private partners can

be facilitated by strategic funding from the public side, under the form of a public-private partnership for instance.

Such a partnership can increase the sector’s chances of securing competitiveness and contribute to growth & jobs

in Europe.

EMIRI is a community of over 60 organizations (Industry, Research & Technology Organizations, and leading

Associations) with leading activities in fields of innovation and manufacturing of Advanced Materials for the various

low carbon technologies. It is undoubtedly the best nucleus for further consolidation of our sector and it therefore

offers Europe the best platform for a sustainable dialogue and an efficient, transparent, objective-driven, market-

oriented, business-friendly working structure and collaboration platform between Industry, Research Centers &

Universities, Associations, Member States and EU Institutions, as well as other regions of the world. The Industry-

Driven Initiative described here is the best way forward to secure the platform. The ways of working and

Governance of the Industry-Driven Initiative are further described. Just like this IDI builds on results of the SET Plan

activities such as the SET Plan Integrated Roadmap 3 to which EMIRI has contributed, it will also be the case for the

Governance by considering and interacting with the future structures of the currently-being-revised SET Plan

Governance 22.

Governance model of the Industry-Driven Initiative

The IDI could be optimally established on grounds similar to those adopted for cPPPs, covered by Article 19 of

Horizon 2020 regulation. Securing the commitment and involvement of both parties would benefit from a

contractual arrangement between the European Commission (public side) and the EMIRI AISBL representing the

private side of the partnership.

The contractual arrangement will specify the objectives of the IDI, the respective commitments of the partners, the

indicative financial envelope for European Commission contribution for the rest of the Horizon 2020 (this will be

translated later into the various work programmes), a monitoring and reviewing mechanism based on KPIs. The

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contractual arrangement would have legal nature similar to a Memorandum of Understanding and would not be

legally binding. It will outline the governance structure, including the mechanisms by which the Commission will

seek advice from the private partners within the partnership. The IDI will be implemented through competitive calls

included in the research and innovation work programmes and within the rules of participation of Horizon 2020. In

line with its industry-driven approach, the IDI could also provide guidance and support on topics related to regional

specialization strategies, European strategic investments… in field of Advanced Materials and low carbon energy

technologies.

The Governance of the IDI will have to take into account the diversity observed along the value chain and will have

to involve the various different stakeholders, which are Industry (producers of Advanced Materials & key users of

Advanced Materials), RTOs, Universities, European Technology Platforms, other key Associations, European

Commission, Member States representatives. While RTOs, Universities, R&D labs of industrial players producing

Advanced Materials have strong knowledge of state of the art of Advanced Materials technologies as well as

challenges of developing new generations of performant Advanced Materials, Industrial representatives of the

downstream part of the value chain (producers and users of systems for production, storage and delivery of low

carbon energy) have clear insights into how market needs will evolve and how this is translated into technology

needs. All these important stakeholders need to have their voice heard and need to interact in frame of the IDI

Governance to ensure innovation is well guided and is accelerated with the help of public private risk sharing

instruments.

Fulfilling the objectives of the contractual arrangement, definition of the Strategy of the IDI, implementation

mechanism for Strategy of the IDI will be performed under the leadership and responsibility of the Steering Board

(the main mechanism for dialogue between the private side and the public side of the IDI). The Steering Board will

be composed of a private side in which EMIRI will play a leading role and consisting of key representatives from

Industry, RTOs & Universities, ETPs, relevant Associations, and a public side with representatives from the

European Commission services involved in Advanced Materials, Energy, Manufacturing. Steering Board will also

have the possibility to invite ad-hoc observers / contributors when judged relevant and necessary to support an

informed decision-making.

The responsibility of regularly tuning the Strategic Research & Innovation Agenda to take into account the market

developments, the technology needs, the industrial requirements will be in the hands of the Advisory Committee.

The Advisory Committee will also be key in defining the annual work plans for Horizon 2020 and other funding

instruments. The Advisory Committee will make sure that voices of Industry, RTOs & Universities, ETPs, relevant

Associations and representatives from the European Commission services are heard by involving the different

stakeholders and also conduct broad consultations when judged necessary for the good definition of work plans

and in the interest of openness and transparency. Taking into account inputs and advice from EMIRI through a

regular dialogue with the European Commission will be of importance in order to identify research and innovation

activities to recommend for financial support under Horizon 2020 and beyond.

We will also recommend the creation of a Group of Representatives from the Members States and Associated

Countries, which will provide advice to the Steering Board and Advisory Committee and will be consulted.

Interfacing with structures of the SET Plan Governance will have to be considered here.

The day-to-day management of the IDI will be the responsibility of the Executive Secretariat which is the operational

unit executing the decisions of the Steering Board. The Executive Secretariat will organize the works of the Steering

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Board and Advisory Committee and will interact on a regular basis with the European Commission Services.

Examples of such interactions are assisting in defining content of Calls for Proposals, providing feedback in frame

of evaluation of consortia and their project proposals, promoting and communicating on the IDI, developing

consultation processes on major documents such as roadmaps, organizing dedicated workshops on specific topics

and collecting inputs of broad stakeholder basis. EMIRI will play a key role in the Executive Secretariat.

Statutes and modus operandi of EMIRI Association

EMIRI (Energy Materials Industrial Research Initiative) is the leading industry-driven non-profit international

association founded late 2012 (ruled by Belgian law as an AISBL) and representing today more than 60 organizations

(industry, research, associations) active in Advanced Materials for low carbon energy technologies through their

development, manufacturing and commercialization in Europe and globally. EMIRI is an association open to any

potential relevant organization operating in the field of Advanced Materials for low carbon energy technologies.

Our Industry & Research members represent at least 4 billion euro in sales of Advanced Materials for low carbon

energy technologies, invest more than EUR 400 million annually in R&I and can mobilize thousands of researchers.

EMIRI contributes to the industrial leadership of EU-based developers & producers and key users of Advanced

Materials for low carbon energy technologies through helping shape an appropriate innovation & manufacturing

policy framework based upon SET Plan. To achieve these objectives, EMIRI has developed a multi-annual roadmap

to address research, development and innovation needs & priorities. In frame of Horizon 2020, EMIRI represents

the private sector and collaborates with the European Commission DG R&I to engage in a partnership (the Industry-

Driven Initiative) and develop the much-needed Innovation Pillar described here.

The members of EMIRI are committed to the success of the IDI and will act in good faith and transparency towards

other members, the European Commission services and the society throughout their active participation to the IDI.

The EMIRI Association and its members support the Openness priorities put forth by European Commissioner for

Research and Innovation Carlos Moedas and will make sure these priorities are given high attention in the IDI.

The membership to the EMIRI association is open to:

� Industrial companies active in the field of Advanced Materials for low carbon energy technologies through

innovation and manufacturing in Europe

� Research & Technology Organizations (including Universities) active in the field of Advanced Materials for low


� Associations (European Technology Platforms, Materials Research Societies, Academies, Trade Associations)

and other stakeholders having an interest in Advanced Materials for low carbon energy technologies

Joining EMIRI follows a simple process of completing a membership application form highlighting namely the role

of the candidate in the sector, its activities and the contribution it intends to make to the work of EMIRI. Received

application is then to be formally accepted by the Steering Committee (Board of Directors) and it is then later

officially validated by the General Assembly (according to Belgian Law and EMIRI Association’s statutes).

EMIRI is ruled by a General Assembly composed of all members of the association and which is the main decision-

making body of the association. Each member of EMIRI has one representative and associated voting rights except

for associations which do not have voting rights. The General Assembly meets twice per year to review the

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administrative & financial conduct of the association, be informed on status of EMIRI activities and their progress,

review and validate the Strategy of the association.

EMIRI is governed by an elected Steering Committee (Board of Directors) consisting of representatives from the

Industry (majority), the Research & Technology Organizations including Universities, and Associations. The Steering

Committee is in charge and accountable for the management of the association and the preparation of the Strategy

to be validated by the General Assembly. The Steering Committee is headed by a Chairman (chosen among Industry

members of the association) and two Vice-Chairmen (one from the research world and one from an Association).

The daily management of the EMIRI association is in the hands of a Managing Director who reports to the Steering

Committee (informally and formally through at least 4 reporting meetings per year) and to the General Assembly

(two meetings per year). The managing director is in charge of administration, financial management, development

of Strategy proposals for the Steering Committee, flow of information between members and external

stakeholders, preparation of EMIRI official documents and recommendations, representation of the association,

interaction with the European Commission …

EMIRI also consists of various working groups to which any member can participate. These working groups operate

in full transparency and their work is accessible to all members. The Advocacy & Communication Working Group is

in charge of helping the managing director with the elaboration of strategy proposals for the Steering Committee,

developing the advocacy activities and organize the various communication activities from tools to events such as

workshops open to EMIRI members and outsiders. The 5 Technology Working Groups (Energy Efficient, Solar, Wind,

Energy System Integration, CCS-CCU) are in charge of establishing and adapting the dynamic roadmap (topics,

timing, KPIs, …) thanks to participation of various members from Industry and Research world. Information,

dissemination of results and IPR, within the association and towards stakeholders, will be handled in compliance

with Horizon 2020 rules of participation.

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ANNEX I – ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS

Ag Silver

AISBL Association internationale sans but lucratif

Al Aluminium

BEMS Building energy management systems

BIPV Building-integrated photovoltaics

C1 Carbon

Ca Calcium

CAPEX Capital expenditures

CCS Carbon capture and sequestration

CCU Carbon capture and utilization

CO2 Carbon dioxide

cPPP Contractual public-private partnership

CSP Concentrated solar power

DG R&I Directorate General Research & Innovation

E2BA Energy efficient buildings association

ECTP European construction technology platform

EEB Energy efficient buildings

EERA European energy research alliance

EIB European Investment Bank

EIT KIC European institute of technology - Knowledge and innovation community

EMERIT Energy materials for Europe - Research and industry innovating together

EMIRI Energy materials industrial research initiative

EPIA European photovoltaics industry association

EPUE Energy platform of the European universities

ESFRI European strategic forum on research infrastructures

ESS Energy storage systems

ETIP European Technology and Innovation Platform

ETP European Technology Platform

EU European Union

EUA European university association

FP7 Framework Programme 7

GDP Gross domestic product

GW Gigawatt

H2 Hydrogen

H2O Water

HLG High-level group

HTF Heat transfer fluid

HVAC Heating, ventilation and air conditioning

IA Innovation action

ICT Information and communication technologies

IDI Industry-driven initiative

IEA International Energy Agency

IRENA International Renewable Energy Agency

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ITO Indium tin oxide

JRC Joint Research Centre

JTI Joint technology initiative

K Kelvin

KC Key Component

KET Key enabling technologies

KPI Key performance indicator

KV Kilovolt

kWh Kilowatt hour

LCA Lifecycle analysis

LCE Low carbon energy

LCOE Levelized cost of electricity

LiC Lithium carbone

Li-ion Lithium ion

LiS Lithium sulfur

Low-e Low emissivity

m2 Square meter

Mg Magnesium

MS Member State

MW Megawatt

Na Sodium

NaS Sodium sulfur

NiCd Nickel cadmium

Ni-MeH Nickel metal hydride

NMBP Nanotechnology, materials, biotechnology, processes

NZEB Nearly zero energy buildings

OPEX Operating expenses

OPV Organic photovoltaics

Pb-acid Lead acid

PCM Phase change materials

PEM Proton-exchange membrane

PPP Public-private partnership

PV Photovoltaics

R&D Research and development

R&I Research and innovation

REACH Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals

RIA Research and innovation action

RTO Research and technology organizations

SET Strategic energy technologies

SETIS Strategic energy technologies information system

SME Small and medium-sized enterprise

SnO2 Tin oxide

SoC State of charge

SOEC Solid oxide electrolysis cell

SoH State of health

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T2M Time to market

T2P Time to profits

T2S Time to scale

TES Thermal energy storage

TRL Technology readiness level

Ug Thermal transmittance of glass

UV Ultraviolet

V Vanadium

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ANNEX II – DESCRIPTION OF THE EMIRI ASSOCIATION

The present IDI was prepared by the EMIRI Association (Energy Materials Industrial Research Initiative) in

collaboration with DG R&I and incorporating input of various other stakeholders. EMIRI is the leading industry-

driven association established late 2012 and representing the interests of more than 60 organizations (industry,

research, associations) active across Europe in the field of Advanced Materials for low carbon energy technologies

(Figure 11 & Figure 12).

Our members represent at least 4 billion euro in sales of Advanced Materials for low carbon energy technologies,

they invest more than EUR 400 million annually in R&I for low carbon energy technologies and can mobilize several

thousands of researchers and engineers.

Figure 11. EMIRI's membership outlining knowledge, investment and market standing.

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Figure 12. Presence of EMIRI members across Europe with R&D / Innovation centers as well as manufacturing sites.

EMIRI contributes to the industrial leadership of EU-based developers, producers and key users of Advanced

Materials for low carbon energy technologies by shaping an appropriate European industry-friendly and innovation-

oriented Policy Framework based upon the SET-Plan (Figure 13).

Figure 13. Vision, Mission & Strategy of the EMIRI Association.

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EMIRI was created following the exercise of translation of the SET Plan into the SET Plan Materials Roadmap

organized by DG R&I in 2011 and to which many of EMIRI’s founding members took part. The differentiation of

EMIRI versus other existing associations, initiatives is the focus on Advanced Materials for low carbon energy

technologies (energy efficiency, wind, solar, energy storage, decarbonisation) & the orientation towards innovation

& manufacturing to serve the growing markets. EMIRI benefits from strong industrial presence and maintains

collaborations with complimentary actors such as European Technology Platforms (ETPs), EERA … (Figure 14).

Figure 14. Positioning of EMIRI in the Advanced Materials & Energy “landscape”.

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ANNEX III – BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE 19 INNOVATION TOPICS OF THE EMERIT IDI

Key Component 1 - Advanced Materials innovation to increase energy performance of buildings

K1-I1 Advanced Materials for high performance & durable coatings – Development of cost efficient, high performance transparent conductive

coatings on transparent supports (Research & Innovation Actions)

Innovation

Challenges

A real breakthrough on properties will only be possible if we change the approach to identify new materials and alloys and introduce faster

ways of validation limiting industrial risk. A limited number of materials easily transformed into sputtering targets or vacuum-free approaches

is also a very long, complex and expensive process. The challenges are implantation at industrial scale and scale up of materials with promising

properties. For instance on glass material, to reach Ag based stacks with a value of emissivity as low as 0,01 % (low-e) requires two or even

three Ag layers on top of each other embedded in a system of up to 20 different layers.

Activities

Proposals should allow:

• To be able to quickly validate the properties of new materials thanks to a fast screening of optical, energetical, chemical, tribological and

mechanical properties

• To produce at industrial scale new materials or alloys quickly and at lower cost

Expected

Outputs

• Enhanced product performances and faster time-to-market while guaranteeing higher resource efficiency

• Innovative and complex knowledge-intensive products characterised by new performances and functionalities

• Engineering solutions to improve the operating performance of component surfaces

• Today the market size of these coatings in Europe is estimated to be close to 200 million m² per year

Coatings to change the surface properties are applied on glass, steel, plastic, wood, ceramics. Industries seek more and more coatings to

improve corrosion, to reduce gas permeation, to allow printing, to increase the reflectance … Having synergies between sectors will enable

industries to produce innovative materials with an accelerated time-to-market.

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K1-I2 Advanced Materials & process technologies for switchable glazing (Innovation Actions)

Innovation

Challenges

Smart windows and switchable glazing are a key technology to control energy input of buildings and hence reduce energy for heating, cooling

and lighting. In most optimistic scenarios, improvements in the quality of the construction and deep renovation of building stock could allow

for a 20% overall savings in the building sector where envelope of the building will have the major part in reducing the consumption of energy

for heating.

Challenges of switchable glazing technology are an expanded bright – dark switching zone, higher transmission in the bright state with a

minimum of 55% and most preferably above 60% for commercial applications and 70% for residential applications, better coating performance

leading among others to shorter switching time, low dark state transmittance and lower switching voltage and reduced complexity of the setup

and the applicability of high throughput inline production technologies.

Activities

Activities should address the challenges outlined above. Developments could cover for instance high conductivity and transparency oxides

apart from indium tin oxide (ITO) (such as SnO2 or amorphous mixed oxide based,), all solid state devices including new compound material

solid-state electrolytes and high throughput deposition technologies (e.g. gas flow sputtering, wet deposition processes…) and development

of Advanced Materials for the coating.

Expected

Outputs

• Enhanced lowered light transmission bleached and darkened state (≥ 65% - ≤ 10%) for a UG of 1,1 W/m2K

• Low electric consumption for the system (< 0.5 W/m2)

• High durability (> 20 years)

• Low weight solution

• No transparency at all in coloured state

• Cost below 100 euro/m2 for the function

• Smart windows

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K1-I3 Advanced Materials & new deposition processes for building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) – Novel PV technologies for façade

integration (Innovation Actions)

Innovation

Challenges

Cost-optimal, aesthetically pleasing BIPV solutions could increase the share of renewable energy combined with the multiple functions of the

building envelop.

Building integration of both Thin-film and Crystalline silicon technology including tandem-cell technology is considered to be very attractive.

Thin film has superior aesthetics and the possibility for window integration when transparent, while scalable silicon and tandem-cell modules

have a superior energy output.

Activities

Projects should develop stable continuous deposition processes of PV active layers, easily adaptable to the broad variation in size and form

factors of building elements, with a high yield under well-controlled parameters and with a high quality. Deposition process may be done at

low cost using processes such as, but not limited to, large area evaporation or continuous printing process, as opposed to batch processes

used in conventional PV. Projects on scalable tandem-cell technology should focus on stable deposition processes for higher energy output

and on colouring the modules by e.g. add-on layers. Activities should cover real-life demonstration of the new concepts developed, full

assessment of the energy-yield and cost structure of future BIPV building elements.

Expected

Outputs

Projects should aim at the development of PV technologies:

• Reaching a long lasting weathering resistance (UV, Humidity, etc.)

• With pleasant aesthetics for their integration in building envelopes, (homogeneous colour or transparency)

• At low costs and Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE)

• Compliant to Building codes and PV standards

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K1-I4 Advanced Materials & new deposition processes for building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) – Efficient transparent barriers for organic

photovoltaics used in BIPV (Research & Innovation Actions)

Innovation

Challenges

Cost-optimal, aesthetically pleasing BIPV solutions could increase the share of renewable energy combined with the multiple functions of the

building envelop.

Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) can offer integration into existing building structures with negligible disturbance to the inhabitant or user of the

building. Some of the main characteristics of OPVs - flexibility, homogeneous transparency, lightweight, potential low cost - make them very

attractive to be embedded in building-integrated systems. A big challenge for OPV is to meet the PV and Building durability standards since

organic materials are very sensitive to UV and water.

Activities

Activities should allow the development of efficient transparent barriers for achieving durability in compliance with construction standards

and norms. Barriers need to include weathering protection layers, impact protection layer … and must be chemically and mechanically

compatible with the carrying substrate and/or the encapsulation materials used in combination with the given substrate.

Expected

Outputs

Projects should aim at the development of PV technologies:

• Reaching a long lasting weathering resistance (UV, Humidity …)

• With pleasant aesthetics for their integration in building envelopes, (homogeneous colour or transparency)

• At low costs and Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE)

• Compliant to Building codes and PV standards

• Large-area and cost-efficient production processes

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K1-I5 Advanced Materials for thermal energy storage (TES) - Next generation thermal energy storage technologies (Research & Innovation

Actions)

Innovation

Challenges

There is a need to develop new and improved thermal energy storage technologies with better performance, availability, durability, safety and

not least lower costs. These new and enhanced storage technologies must contribute to the cost-efficient integration of distributed and variable

renewable energy sources. About 50% of final European energy demand is obtained from heat. A more efficient use of heat therefore holds a

significant potential to reduce European energy consumption and CO2 emissions. The innovative challenges are to identify/develop advanced

TES materials for sensible, latent and thermochemical technologies with increased energy storage density.

Activities

Development focuses on new low cost and high energy density TES materials for buildings and industrial waste heat including:

sensible heat storage (new materials for use in high temperature storage with high thermal conductivity, materials for use in high temperature

underground storage, storage container materials, materials research to minimize heat losses),latent heat storage by the optimization and

development of new phase change materials and their integration in building element materials or industrial applications, and thermochemical

storage by the development of new materials with high energy density in specific temperature ranges. PCM properties need to be improved to

encourage their use (increasing the lifetime without physical properties degradation, increasing their liquid stability at high temperatures to

combine latent and sensible heat storage, avoiding super cooled phenomena that increase the unloading temperature level, limiting liquid

expansion during fusion).As to thermo-chemical TES materials the design of new high energy density reaction pairs for temperature-specific

applications has to be studied.

Expected

Outputs

By the development of a series of novel TES materials such as microencapsulated PCM's for 300 ºC<T<1,000 ºC ,novel PCM's with adjustable

phase change T and new heat exchangers with PCM included, achievement of:

• Reduced costs of thermal energy storage on materials and system level

• Reduction of the amount of energy wasted in industry

• Strongly improved lifetime of TES technology

• More flexible use of heat at lower costs in households , buildings and industry

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K1-I6 Advanced Materials for energy efficient highly glazed high rise façade systems

Innovation

Challenges

All developed façade solutions should holistically consider to be cost-optimal, aesthetically pleasing, increasing the share of renewable energy,

combining the multiple functions of the building envelope (daylight, comfort, safety) and compliant with relevant building codes and testing

standards

Activities

Activities should cover real-life demonstration of the new concepts developed, full assessment of the energy-yield and cost structure of future

façade systems. This includes potentially selection of materials candidates, testing according to façade requirements to proof performance,

identify if surface treatments are needed to enhance performance, include the entire process chain with respect to design, manufacturing,

test, repair and certification strategies.

Expected

Outputs

Projects should aim at the development of façade systems:

• Reaching a long lasting durability

• With pleasant aesthetics for their integration in building envelopes

• Cost optimal

• Compliant to Building codes and standards

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Key Component 2 - Advanced Materials to make renewable energy technologies competitive (Wind)

K2-I1 Advanced Materials for weight reduction of structural and functional components in wind energy power generation (Innovation

Actions)

Innovation

Challenges

The next generation of wind turbines (10-15 MW) requires a substantial weight reduction of 20% by 2020 in order to enable the necessary

large dimensions (length of rotor blades and height of towers) and to reduce the CAPEX and OPEX over the whole life cycle i.e. design,

fabrication, transportation, installation exercise management and decommissioning. In total, a levelized cost of energy reduction of 40% by

2020 will be achieved. A special attention is expected to be dedicated to offshore topics.

Activities

Proposals should address innovative materials solutions allowing weight and material saving designs of wind turbine components (blades,

gearboxes, generator, nacelle …). The materials need to be affordable and suitable for reliable operation in harsh conditions (offshore,

desert). Good manufacturability is an essential prerequisite. This may comprise materials like C-fibers and alternative fibers, hybrid

composites and sandwich structures, thermoplastic and thermoset composites, new kinds of steel or alternative metals e.g. aluminum,

titanium mitigating corrosion, highest performance permanent magnets (for lightweight generator design).

Expected

Outputs

• Supply independence over the European system

• Solution should provide 20% reduction of weight and LCOE

• Reduced life cycle environmental impact by implementing eco design power plants

• Inspection, maintenance, decommissioning strategy included

• Assembled light weight structures

• Mounting components on site

• Assembling on site of blades and tower

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Key Component 2 - Advanced Materials to make renewable energy technologies competitive (Wind)

K2-I2 Advanced Materials to improve corrosion & erosion resistance and reduce degradation of structural and functional components in wind

energy power generation (Research & Innovation Actions)

Innovation

Challenges

Reduced CAPEX and OPEX are key to achieve competitive levelized cost of energy (LCOE) in Wind power generation. Material solutions are

therefore needed that provide reduced maintenance effort, increased reliability and extended life time of components beyond today´s

capabilities especially in severe environments such as off-shore, deep sea, arctic, deserts. Manufacturability at affordable costs is an essential

further technology challenge.

Activities

Develop and employ materials and coatings with extremely high resistance to corrosion, erosion, bio fouling, fatigue and other degradation

effects based on a clear understanding of environmental and other impact mechanisms. All components of wind turbines and entire wind

parks (including interconnections and transformer platforms) can be addressed. Some examples for possible topics: (i) Base materials,

coatings and surface treatment (inhibitors, self-healing, self-cleaning, coatings, anti-ice formation, cathodic paint systems, lubrication …), (ii)

include the entire process chain with respect to robust and cost effective manufacturing and maintenance (design, process simulation,

manufacturing, test, repair strategies).

Expected

Outputs

Expected as project results are material and coating solutions (including possible new design opportunities provided by Advanced Materials)

that help reduce the life cycle cost and thus contribute to reduce substantially the LCOE of wind power. They are well prepared to be

implemented in the life cycle management and supply chain of European wind power industry.

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Key Component 2 - Advanced Materials to make renewable energy technologies competitive (PV - CSP)

K2-I3 Advanced Materials for innovative multilayers for durable solar energy harvesting (Innovation Actions)

Innovation

Challenges

Advanced Materials and processes to bring the efficiency of solar (PV or CSP) systems to a next level beyond 2020 are needed to make solar

energy generation competitive. Innovative multilayers can reduce the LCOE by increasing the lifetime of solar energy harvesting systems

beyond that of the current solar technologies. This will require application of new multilayers throughout the solar system manufacturing

that enhance lifetime and lower operation and maintenance costs.

Activities

Address the development of innovative multilayer systems (mirrors, selective absorbers, diffusion barrier, anti-reflection, cell metallization

systems, encapsulant, semiconductor stacks, conductive back sheets ...) for solar energy conversion. A sustainable increase in system

durability should be clearly demonstrated including improved lifetime testing methods and protocols. The proposed Advanced Materials

should ensure resource availability. Improving the long-term performance of systems by extending the working conditions to more

demanding environments (higher temperature, ambient air operation for CSP) is also requested. The cost effectiveness, manufacturability

and the commercial potential of the innovative technologies compared to the solutions currently available on the market should be

quantified.

Expected

Outputs

• Significant increased system durability, >35 years at 80% performance for PV, >25 years for CSP

• Decreasing the LCOE of solar energy technologies by increasing reliability of the systems (LCOE of 0.06 – 0.10 €/kWh (PV)

and 0.10 – 0.15 €/kWh (CSP) in 2020)

• To place the solar energy in a significant position on roadmap of energy generation technologies

• Contribute to strength the European position in the solar energy conversion technologies

• Accelerated test protocols and standards for life-time prediction and durability validation adapted to new materials

• To reduce by 50% the maintenance costs with a durability scope for CSP of at least 25 years and for PV of at least 35 years

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K2-I4 Advanced Materials and innovative designs for high efficiency solar energy harvesting (Research & Innovation Actions)

Innovation

Challenges

Advanced Materials and processes to bring the efficiency of solar (PV or CSP) systems to a next level are needed to make solar energy

generation competitive. Application of new functional materials throughout the solar system manufacturing chain using advanced processes

reduces the LCOE by enhancing the performance. This allows the European materials supply sector to expand its industrial leadership

towards the next generation of solar energy harvesting.

Activities

Deliver novel very high efficiency solar technologies, while preserving lifetime and low materials consumption. Advanced Materials

(particles, thin films, nanostructure, HTFs, phase change materials, receptors) and their combinations into innovative device architectures

(tandem, multijunction) need to demonstrate their added value in terms of performance or unique application options. The high efficiency

concepts should be explored for manufacturability, yield, technical and economic viability and developed to readiness for pilot

manufacturing (TRL 4-7).

Expected

Outputs

• A deeper understanding of the material and interface characteristics and its long-term behavior

• The demonstration of device designs and fabrication processes for at least two high efficiency technologies: 21 – 24 % (module)

and > 25% (cell)

• The demonstration of pilot production readiness of at least two high efficiency technologies with a potential LCOE of

0.06 – 0.10 €/kWh (PV) and 0.10 – 0.15 €/kWh (CSP) in 2020

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K2-I5 Advanced Materials and associated processes for low cost manufacturing of solar energy harvesting systems (Research & Innovation

Actions)

Innovation

Challenges

Goal is to reduce production costs and the consumption of critical resources. This is done by developing Advanced Materials and associated

manufacturing processes of to reach scale level (TRL 5-7). Both materials and processes need to reduce cost and reduce constraints on the

demand of critical raw materials, but preserve performance.

Activities

Material-enabled manufacturing innovations ranging from feedstock (e.g. energy and efficient solar grade materials, kerfless wafering …) to

cell (e.g. thin films, non-vacuum processing), module (e.g. low cost and lightweight carriers) and with improved process yield (quality control

and process control methodologies) for PV and ranging from material (HTFs) to component (tubes, mirrors) and plant level (structural

components, light materials and composites) for CSP.

Expected

Outputs

• Significantly reduction in manufacturing cost of PV and CSP systems at preserved technology performance to allow

LCOE 0.06 – 0.10 €/kWh (PV) and 0.10 – 0.15 €/kWh (CSP) in 2020

• Reduced investment, CAPEX > 0.8 - 1 € /Wp and operational costs, OPEX < 0.3€/Wp in 2020

• Resource efficient and/or more sustainable materials and production processes

• Strengthened European industrial technology base on materials and associated equipment-manufacturing technology

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Key Component 3 - Advanced Materials to enable energy system integration

K3-I1 Advanced Materials for lower cost, high safety, long cycle life & environmentally friendly electrochemical batteries (Li-ion batteries)

(Innovation Actions)

Innovation

Challenges

By the development of advanced functional particles, filaments, layers, coatings and new chemistries, innovation should be focused on the

optimization of Li Ion batteries for low cost, high safety, long cycle life, extreme use and environmentally friendly storage stationary applications

.Li Ion batteries are indeed planned to become major storage components dedicated to the storage of renewable energy in power and energy

steering applications. However, successful marketing requires first improvement in cyclability, reliability, usage (ease of metrology of SoC, SoH

…) and lifetime.

Activities

New chemistries of electrode materials and electrolyte as well as optimized packaging of the cell and module must be implemented to provide

improvement in the ESS application in line with durability. For stationary applications, the ageing behavior is also an issue that needs specifically

to be addressed. Representative ESS ageing protocols must be developed in relation to standards and modelling of the ageing phenomenon.

Moreover, Li-ion battery production must be developed in an environmentally friendly way: an NMP-free process is required in line with REACH

directives, large-scale new materials manufacturing processes need to be developed to reduce the battery cost. Safety will be addressed by the

choice of materials and/or configuration of the system. Hybridization of Li Ion batteries with super capacitors (improved by Advanced Materials)

(LiC type) is also considered. Synergies with higher energy density flywheels can be explored. Development and assessment of a representative

module size of min 5kWh is required: a 3 to 4 years research project is expected including fundamental research and relevant industrial R&D.

Expected

Outputs

New or improved cathode, anode, electrolyte, binder and packaging materials leading to improved stationary Li Ion batteries with well specified

KPI's for energy and power density, with extended lifetime and significantly improved cost (target <0.05€/kWh/cycle) and at the same time fully

safe.

79


K3-I2 Advanced Materials for lower cost, high safety, long cycle life & environmentally friendly electrochemical batteries (next generation

electrochemical batteries) (Research & Innovation Actions)

Innovation

Challenges

Innovation is related to new alternative storage solutions to the current battery storage systems (which are Li-Ion, sodium sulphur (Na-S), lead

acid, Ni based systems or Vanadium Flow batteries as reference base) and prove their positive impact in the implementation of renewable

energy. The wide range of new candidate systems with among others Metal-Air, Li-S, new Ion based systems (Na, Mg, or Al), Redox Flow

Batteries (V- free)..., need to be explored and by the right development of Advanced Materials and systems brought to TRL 6 level. The

deployment of the new energy storage system must be done in view to target low cycle cost, with a reliable efficiency, safety and lifetime.

Activities

Ageing behavior must be understood for the specific application of ESS with intermittent energy supply and demand. Modularity and

hybridization must be developed to contribute to a better component use for dynamic application and improved lifetime of the ESS.A full LCA

and economic cost study must been done in comparison to the current ESS solution. Development and assessment of a representative module

size of min 5 kWh is required. A 3-4 years research project is expected including fundamental research and relevant industrial R&D

Expected

Outputs

New or improved cathode, anode, electrolyte, binder and packaging materials leading to stationary new generation batteries with well specified

KPI's for energy and power density, with extended lifetime and significantly improved cost (target <0.05€/kWh/cycle) and at the same time fully

safe.

80


K3-I3 Advanced Materials for lower cost storage of energy in the form of hydrogen or other chemicals (power to gas, power to liquid

technologies) (Research & Innovation Actions)

Innovation

Challenges

The innovation of Power to Gas/Power to Fuels and Chemicals relates to technically improve electrolysers (especially innovative and affordable

electrolysers are needed to pave the road for any kind of long term storage), to develop ways to efficiently use the gas produced (injection in

the natural gas network, mobility, etc.), and to use renewable electricity for electrochemical synthesis of valuable chemical feedstock such as

ammonia, methanol, ethanol and formic acid. Cost-optimized Advanced Materials innovation focuses on high capacity durable PEM and SOEC

(Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell) electrolysers for the production of pressurized hydrogen.

Activities

Major key points are the reduction of catalysts loading of the electrodes (for PEM water electrolysis), improved Ni-based hydrogen electrodes

(for SOEC), improved electrolytes in terms of ionic conductivity, low cost cell frames, durable interconnect coatings and industrialized

automated manufacturing (for both technologies) .The identification of new low cost Advanced Materials for solid state storage of hydrogen

at low pressure is envisaged, those materials targeting at the same time improved storage density and cycling durability. To fulfill this trade off,

new chemistries and/or associated synthesis or manufacturing processes have to be investigated. Other research items are the development

of cost efficient tank materials for high-pressure storage of hydrogen, the development of new synthesis or manufacturing processes, the

development of optimized flow and low cost reactors, as well as new catalysts presenting longer lifetimes based on Advanced Materials and

chemistries.

Expected

Outputs

A series of novel Advanced Materials for electrolysers and hydrogen storage enabling to achieve a total hydrogen cost, including energy,

investment and operating cost, significantly below 5€/kg . Various valorization channels are to be explored with a specific view on Advanced

Materials to enable profitable business cases.

81


K3-I4 Advanced Materials to facilitate the integration of storage technologies in the grid (Innovation Actions)

Innovation

Challenges

Reliable access to cost-effective electricity is the backbone of the EU economy, and electrical energy storage is an integral element in this

system. Without significant investments in stationary electrical energy storage, the current electric grid infrastructure will increasingly struggle

to provide reliable, affordable electricity, jeopardizing the transformational changes envisioned for a modernized grid. By the development of

advanced functional particles, filaments, layers, coatings and new functionalities, develop the integration of storage devices in the electrical

grid.

Activities

Develop the integration of storage devices in the electrical grid including among others high capacity new material cables and super conductors,

high voltage cables and accessories to 1000 KV, materials for medium voltage and smart electrical accessories, new materials for extreme

conditions ,complex power inverter and sensor materials and surface treatment of existing materials to protect and improve performances.

Specific activities are: surface treatments to avoid environmental impact on the cable/power lines, ensuring reduced maintenance need and

providing reliable power transmission, materials enabling high precision sensing in extreme weather conditions to provide grid stability, high

efficient materials for overhead power lines with low weight, providing high conductivity to reduce energy loss during transmission.

Expected

Outputs

By the development of new Advanced Materials, obtain a significant enhancement of power supply reliability, managing volatility of the grid

and considering the connection of renewable energy sources to obtain increased grid efficiency.

82

Key Component 4 – Advanced Materials enabling decarbonisation of the power sector and the energy intensive industries

K4-I1 Advanced Materials for Improved Integration of CCS in Power and Energy Intensive Industries (Research & Innovation Actions)

Innovation

Challenges

Innovation challenge is to focus on developing & implementing improved materials for energy intensive and power processes to improve

process efficiency and to enable the economic application of CCS technologies. The reduction of CO2 emissions from power and energy intensive

processes requires the integration of the most efficient process integrated with an optimized method of capturing the CO2 emitted or to

redesign the combination of process & CCS for optimized operation of this system to make the combined scheme affordable. There are four

possible approaches to achieve this, through i) improving the inherent efficiency of the power or industrial process, ii) increasing the

concentration of the CO2 in the exhaust gas stream, and iii) by customizing or improving the capture efficiency of the selected capture process

and iv) holistic redesign of the process + CCS system.

Activities

Proposals should use innovative new and improved materials (e.g. alloys, refractories, ceramics, coatings), methods of materials improvement,

transfer of materials from other technologies for the increased efficiency, higher temperature operation and reliable performance under

aggressive operating conditions to reduce the energy and cost penalties for the integration of CO2 separation processes. The diversity of the

challenges for the materials is best illustrated through examples for the sectors involved:

• Increasing the efficiency of processes using fossil fuels and related products through the use of the high temperature materials and coatings

required for enhanced process (e.g. steam) conditions

• Increasing the resistance of materials towards short loeading conditions where fatigue and creep can play a synchroneous role for example

for the quick start-up of a power plant where renewable energy production is suddenly decreasing

• Increasing the concentration of CO2 in exhaust gases, e.g. through the implementation of oxy-combustion requires the use of Advanced

Materials and coatings for high efficiency heat exchanger operation and gas recycle environments to maintain plant efficiency and flexibility

• Gasification systems for power and other applications, e.g. production of chemicals or fuels – refractories and structural materials for

improved gasifier operation and for the use of gases in downstream processes, e.g. gas turbine using H-rich fuel gas or reduction in

metallurgy

• Advanced turbine-based cycles – Advanced Materials for turbo-machinery, compressor and heat exchange components operating with novel

process environments

Expected

Outputs

• Enhanced process efficiencies (20% for power systems and 10% for energy intensive industries compared to state of the art)

• Higher operational temperatures and pressures to enhance process efficiency, e.g. the implementation of Ni-based alloys for > 750°C steam

conditions in pulverized coal power plants

• Reduced times to market for new power technologies, materials and for the implementation of CCS

• Reduced capital and operating costs for the implementation of CCS

• Elements for carrying out an LCA of the total CCS system should be provided regarding the materials investigated

83


K4-I2 Advanced Materials for enhanced CO2 separation processes (Innovation Actions)

Innovation

Challenges

Innovation challenge is to focus on developing materials for improved performance in separating CO2 from industrial process gases and with

improved durability/lifetime to reduce operating costs and assist process intensification. There is a wide range of materials that can be used

for the separation of CO2 from process gas streams, from liquid amine-based sorbents to solid sorbents, separation membranes and

combinations thereof. In addition, advanced processes based on oxy-combustion of fuels to produce an easily separable CO2 /H2O gas stream

use solid oxygen-providing particles in a looping cycle. As for the structural materials used to contain processes, these functional materials must

provide the levels of performance required while delivering the durability necessary for the overall process to be reliable, long-lived and

affordable.

Activities

Proposals should further develop innovative CO2 separation materials, such as membranes and sorbents (and catalysts involved in separation

processes), to improve CO2 yield/purity, to reduce operating costs, to provide the required level of durability (in varying modes of operation

and with varying levels of other contaminants in the process gas stream) and minimize environmental impact. Potential project topics include

advanced liquid amines, CO2 /H2 membranes, Ca-based sorbents, oxides for chemical looping processes, supported amines, activated carbons.

Proposals should also look at material solutions for operating under clean conditions in terms of trace gases and particulate matter, as required

by the separation process and the eventual purity required of the CO2 stream. Operation may be taking place at various temperature and

pressure levels. Proposals should include performance testing under realistic process conditions, evaluation of materials degradation (attrition,

strength, phase changes, etc.) and potential for other environmental impacts, consequential life cycle issues, recovery/recycling of

critical/scarce elements (e.g. in catalysts) and the development of reliable manufacturing processes.

Expected

Outputs

• Improved separation performance of 20% compared to conventional liquid amine and similar separation processes

• Improved durability of 50% compared to current state-of-the-art

• Reduced CO2 separation costs with 10% improvement over current state-of-the-art

• Improved CO2 quality for transport/storage or use in industrial processes or for high added-value products

• Elements for carrying out an LCA of the total CCS system should be provided regarding the materials investigated

84


K4-I3 Advanced Materials for the Improved Reliability of CCS Plants in the Power and Energy Intensive Industries (Research & Innovation Actions)

Innovation

Challenges

To reduce the impact of the introduction of CCS in the power and energy intensive industries on the reliability of plant components and the

risks of unforeseen in-service failures, leading to high operating and maintenance costs and to maximize the life cycle of costly materials and

components. The predicted performance of new structural and functional materials in existing and new plant components can offer significant

performance improvements (on the basis of virgin materials properties). However, the added complexity of CCS plants and their significantly

different operating regimes will increase the risk that the performance in service of the materials will not deliver, leaving plant operators seeking

improved understanding of the materials behavior, alternative materials solutions and means of monitoring performance in service.

Activities

Proposals should seek to provide the developers of CCS plants with an improved understanding of the materials challenges in new-build and

retrofit applications across the range of expected operating regimes and materials solutions to overcome these challenges. This will require the

production of materials performance data and the characterization of failure/degradation modes using laboratory-scale testing, in-plant

testing, and simulated pilot-scale testing where the required process conditions do not exist in current plants. In addition, the development of

means to reliably monitor the performance of new materials in service, providing data and verified models to predict remnant component lives,

to inform maintenance strategies and to reduce the risk of unforeseen in-service failures would add value. Where components have reached

the end of their useful life, then repair/refurbishment options for high-value components should be developed. Other techniques to

monitor/optimize performance in service and to minimize materials-related operating and maintenance costs are also required. In such

proposals, the full materials life cycle should be considered and its environmental impact.

Examples of possible topics include:

• Power plants with integrated CO2 separation – materials selection, understanding of failure modes and monitoring to reduce capex and

provide required performance to match overall plant requirements

• Steel/non-ferrous metals plants – improved refractories, structural materials and joining technologies for optimized processes and

integrated CO2 capture options

Expected

Outputs

• Materials for CCS plants for performance and durability equivalent to those required to achieve current non-CCS plant maintenance cycles

• Improved refractories for steelmaking and other energy intensive processes with CCS giving component lives equivalent to current state-of-

the-art

• New methods of monitoring and modelling to predict the life of materials in service

• Reduced risk and operating costs for the implementation of CCS

• Elements for carrying out an LCA of the total CCS system should be provided regarding the materials investigated, if applicable

85


K4-I4 Advanced Materials to enable the utilization of CO2 (Research & Innovation Actions)

Innovation

Challenges

CO2 has the potential to be a viable and sustainable C1 feedstock for the chemical and related industries, replacing fossil-based carbon

feedstocks. Abundant quantities of CO2 from CCS facilities prevent the need of extracting this feedstock directly from the atmosphere. The

economical exploitation of CO2 from CCS facilities and process waste gases faces two challenges. One is the inherent thermodynamic and

kinetic stability of CO2, the other is the required purity of the captured CO2. While high-energy chemical reagents such as epoxides allow a

thermodynamically favorable reaction with CO2, a more general utilization profile will require technologies able to overcome the

thermodynamic limitations of less energetic but still quite interesting reactants such as alcohols, amines and alkenes. For new and industrially

emerging CO2 transformations, the ability to use CO2 from diverse process and energy industries with a minimum of purification will also be an

important driver for the wider adaption of CO2 utilization technologies.

Activities

Proposals should focus on exploring new catalysts, storage and separation materials aimed at minimizing requirements for CO2 purity,

maximizing the range of CO2 waste streams and CCU processes and maintaining current product and selectivity profiles of industrially emerging

CO2 technologies (TRL4-5). The impact of the proposed material advancements on the overall CO2 balance (i.e. a net reduction in CO2 emissions)

and overall industrial benefit (economic or process-oriented) should be clarified.

Expected

Outputs

• Larger range of viable industrial processes utilizing CO2, in order to reduce the dependence and cost of large-scale storage

• Generalization and improved availability of CO2 from CCS processes and chemical and energy process waste gases

86

ANNEX IV – SELECTION OF KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF ADVANCED MATERIALS AND LOW CARBON ENERGY

TECHNOLOGIES

Advanced Materials innovation to

achieve EU goals on energy efficiency KPI 2020 2025 Beyond

K1-I1


high performance &

durable coatings –

Development of cost

efficient, high performance

transparent conductive

coatings on transparent

supports

Resistivity (ohm / sq) 5 - 10 < 5 < 5

Transmittance (%) (400 - 1100

nm) 80 - 90 90 > 90

Cost TCO coated glass for PV

(euro / m2) 15 - 25 < 15 < 15

New deposition processes Initiated Developed Deployed

K1-I2

Advanced Materials &

process technologies for

switchable glazing

Enhanced lowered light

transmission bleached and

darkened state

TL ≥ 65% - ≤10% for an UG = 1,1 W / m² K

Electric consumption for the

system 0.5 W / m2 < 0.5 W / m² < 0.3 W / m2

Durability > 15 years > 20 years > 25 years

Higher transmission in the

bright state > 60% commercial, > 70% residential applications

Cost 100 euro / m2 < 100 euro / m² for

the function < 100 euro / m2

87


achieve EU goals on energy

efficiency

KPI 2020 2025 Beyond

K1-I3

Advanced Materials & new

deposition processes for

building-integrated

photovoltaics (BIPV) –

Novel PV technologies for

façade integration

Cost of bringing the PV

function to a building element

LCOE of 0.07 – 0.12

euro / kWh (PV)

LCOE of 0.05 – 0.08

euro / kWh (PV)

LCOE of < 0.05 euro /

kWh (PV)

Weathering resistance > 25 years 30 years > 30 years

K1-I4

Advanced Materials & new

deposition processes for

building-integrated

photovoltaics (BIPV) –

Efficient transparent

barriers for organic

photovoltaics used in BIPV

Weathering resistance > 20 years 25 years > 25years

Aesthetics Pleasant (homogeneous colour or transparency),

Costs and Levelized Cost of

Electricity (LCOE)

LCOE of 0.07 – 0.12

euro / kWh (PV)

LCOE of 0.05 – 0.08

euro / kWh (PV)


kWh (PV)

Building codes and PV

standards Compliant Compliant Compliant

K1-I5


thermal energy storage

(TES) - Next generation

thermal energy storage

technologies

Sensible heat storage

New materials for

high temperature

application with high

thermal conductivity

proposed

Developed in real

situation Implemented

Latent heat storage (micro

encapsulated PCM) 300 - 1000

°C

100 kWh / m3 150 kWh / m3 250 kWh / m3

100 kWh / t 150 kWh / t 200 kWh / t

50 euro / kWh 30 euro / kWh 10 euro / kWh

75% efficiency 95 % > 95 %

Thermochemical storage 250 kWh / m3 400 kWh/m3 500 kWh / m3

150 kWh / t 250 kWh/t 300 kWh / t

Improvement thermal

conductivity > 5 W / m K > 10 W / mK > 10 W / mK

88


achieve EU goals on energy

efficiency


K1-I6


Frame systems

Energy balance of the façade

element

Passive house

standard requirement

for façade element

Net zero façade

element

positive energy

façade element

Fire performance Meet A2 according to

EN13501-1

Meet A1 according to

EN13501-1

Meet A1 according to

EN13501-1 A1

Cost

At price / m² of high

insulated aluminum

façade system

≤ price / m² of high

insulated aluminum

façade system

< price / m² of high

insulated aluminum

façade system



Lighting systems

Efficacy Lumen / W 120 160 250

Cost and durability

Cost of lighting = 1 /

10 of equivalent

incandescent and = 1

/ 3 CFL (50.000 hours

usage)


10 of equivalent


/ 3 CFL (100.000 hours

usage)


20 of equivalent


/ 5 CFL (100.000 hours

usage)

Advanced Materials for air

tightness

Efficiency liter / (s m²) < 2.032 liter / (s m²) at

75 Pa

< 1.27 l / (s m²) at 75

Pa

< 0.762 l / (s m²) at 75

Pa

Installation quality control

Quality control of

installed air tightness

solution should be

within 20% of target

efficiency

Quality control of


solution should be

within 10% of target

efficiency

Quality control of


solution should be

within 5% of target

efficiency

Cost

At price / m² of

existing air tightness

solution at similar

installed performance

≤ price / m² of


solution at similar


< price / m² of


solution at similar



89



competitive (Wind)


K2-I1


weight reduction of

structural and functional

components in wind energy

power generation

Reduction of weight and cost

of energy

On Shore 10%, Off

Shore 30%

On Shore 15%, Off

Shore 40%

On Shore > 15%, Off

shore > 40%

Reduction of Environmental

Impact (LCA) Eco indicator,

carbon fingerprint

30% (lifecycle

assessment & eco-

design)

35% (lifecycle

assessment & eco-

design)

> 40% (lifecycle

assessment & eco-

design)

Cost blade (wind power plant)

< 7euro / kg

(0.02 - 0.04 euro /

kWh)

< 4 euro / kg (0.01 -

0.03 euro / kWh)

< 4 euro / kg (< 0.01

euro / kWh)

LCOE reduction compared to

state of the art 40% > 40% > 40%

K2-I2


improve corrosion &

erosion resistance and

reduce degradation of

structural and functional

components in wind energy

power generation

Increase durability and

lifetime 30 % 40% > 40%

Reduction of maintenance

cost 30 % 40% > 40%

Reduction of environmental

impact

30% (lifecycle

assessment & eco-

design)

40% (lifecycle

assessment & eco-

design)

> 40% (lifecycle

assessment & eco-

design)

Contribute to lower LCOE wind

power

23% by life extension,

+ 1% on shore due to

maintenance, + 5% off

shore due to

maintenance

29% by life extension,

+ 2% on shore due to

maintenance, + 10%

off shore due to

maintenance

>29% by life

extension,+ > 2% on

shore due to

maintenance, + > 10%

off shore due to

maintenance

90



competitive (PV - CSP)


K2-I3


innovative multilayers for

durable solar energy

harvesting

Increased PV & CSP system

durability

> 35 years at 80%

performance for PV, >

25 years for CSP

> 40 years at 80%


30 years for CSP

> 40 years at 80%


30 years for CSP

Decreasing LCOE of solar

energy technologies by

increasing reliability of the

systems

LCOE of 0.06 – 0.10

euro / kWh (PV) and

0.10 – 0.15 euro /

kWh (CSP) in 2020

LCOE of 0.05 – 0.08

euro / kWh (PV) and <

0.10 euro / kWh (CSP)


kWh (PV) and < 0.05

euro / kWh (CSP)

Reduce the maintenance costs

with a durability scope for CSP

of > 25 years and for PV of >

35 years

40% 50% > 50%

K2-I4

Advanced Materials and

innovative designs for high

efficiency solar energy

harvesting

The demonstration of device

designs and fabrication

processes

For at least two high

efficiency

technologies : 18 %

(module), > 22% (cell)


efficiency

technologies : 21 %



efficiency

technologies : 24 %


The demonstration of pilot

production readiness

Of at least two

emerging and / or

novel high efficiency

technologies with a

potential LCOE of 0.06

– 0.10 euro / kWh

(PV) and 0.10 – 0.15

euro /kWh (CSP) in

2020

Of at least two

emerging and / or


technologies with a

potential LCOE of 0.05

- 0.08 euro / kWh (PV)

and < 0.10 euro /

kWh (CSP) in 2020

Of at least two

emerging and / or


technologies with a

potential LCOE of <

0.05 euro / kWh (PV)

and < 0.05 euro / kWh

(CSP) in 2020

K2-I5

Advanced Materials and

associated processes for

low cost manufacturing of

solar energy harvesting

systems

Reduction in manufacturing

cost of PV and CSP systems at

preserved technology

performance to decrease

LCOE

LCOE 0.06 – 0.10 euro

/ kWh (PV) and 0.10 –


LCOE of 0.05 – 0.08

euro / kWh (PV) and <



kWh (PV) and < 0.05

euro / kWh (CSP)

91

Reduce CAPEX and OPEX

CAPEX < 0.8 - 1 euro /

Wp (PV) and 3,5 euro/

Wp (CSP)

CAPEX < 0.8 - 0.9 euro

/ Wp (PV) and 3 euro

/ Wp (CSP)

CAPEX < 0.7 - 0.8 euro

/ Wp (PV) and 2,8

euros / Wp (CSP)

Reduce OPEX

OPEX < 0.3 euro / Wp

(PV) and < 0,018 euro

/ Wp (CSP)

OPEX < 0.27 euro /

Wp and 0,016 euro /

Wp (CSP)

OPEX < 0.25 euro /

Wp and 0,15 euro /

Wp (CSP)

92

Advanced Materials to enable

energy system integration KPI 2020 2025 Beyond

K3-I1


lower cost, high safety,

long cycle life &

environmentally friendly


(Li-ion batteries)

Gravimetric energy

density 200 Wh / kg 350 Wh / kg 400 Wh / kg

Volumetric energy

density 600 Wh / l 800 Wh / l > 800 Wh / l

Power density 2 - 3 kW / kg 5 kW / kg > 10 kW / kg

Lifetime (number of

cycles) 3000 cycles 80% DOD 10.000 cycles 80% DOD

15.000 cycles 80% DOD,

> 20 yrs

Safety

Safe -10ºC, +60 °C

(normalized tests)

Safe -20ºC, +70 °C

(normalized tests)

Safe < - 20ºC, > +70 °C

(normalized tests)

Safety system

implemented

Tests Stallion/Stabalid

fully met

Tests Stallion/Stabalid

fully met

Cost < 0.1 euro / kWh / cycle < 0.05 euro / kWh /

cycle

< 0.05 euro / kWh /

cycle

LCA & recycling Developed Fully established Fully established

Demo installed MW scale

(de)centralized

MW scale

(de)centralized

MW scale

(de)centralized

P/E ratio (for energy

based system) < 3 <3 <3

P/E ratio (for power based

system) > 15 > 15 > 15

Advanced Materials for LiC supercapacitors

Gravimetric energy

density 35 Wh / kg 40 Wh / kg 50 Wh / kg

Power density 10 kW / kg 15 kW / kg 20 kW / kg

Cycle life 1M cycles 1.5M cycles 2M cycles

Temperature window - 20 °C, + 70 °C - 40 °C, + 90 °C - 40 °C, + 90 °C

93


system integration KPI 2020 2025 Beyond

K3-I2


lower cost, high safety,

long cycle life &

environmentally friendly


(next generation

electrochemical batteries)

KPIs given for metal air

system

Gravimetric energy density 250 Wh/kg, Flow

Batteries 60Wh/l

500 Wh/kg, Flow

Batteries, 80Wh/l

> 500 Wh/kg, Flow

Batteries, 100Wh/l

Volumetric energy density 250 Wh/l, Flow

Batteries 60Wh/l

500 Wh/l. Flow

Batteries, 80Wh/l

500-1000 Wh/l, Flow

Batteries, 100Wh/l

Lifetime (nr cycles)

1000 cycles 80% DOD,

Flow Batteries 2000

cycles

2000 cycles 80% DOD,

Flow Batteries 2500

cycles

>10.000 cycles 80%

DOD, Flow Batteries

3000 cycles

Safety conform with material

and cell safety tests

conform with material


conform with material


Cost

< 0.1 euro/kWh/cycle,

Flow batteries

0,12euro/kWh/cycle

< 0.1 euro/kWh/cycle

also for Flow batteries

< 0.05

euro/kWh/cycle, Flow

batteries

<0,08euro/kW/cycle

LCA & recycling developed fully established fully established

Demo installed kW-MW scale

(de)centralized

kW-MW scale

(de)centralized

MW scale

(de)centralized

K3-I3


lower cost storage of

energy in the form of

hydrogen or other

chemicals (power to gas,

power to liquid

technologies)

PEM electrolyser cost 1000 euro/kW 500 euro/kW <300 euro/kW

Precious metal loading 1 mg/cm2 0.5 mg/cm2 <0.5 mg/cm2

Lifetime 40.000 hrs 60.000 hrs >60.000 hrs

H2 storage materials 6 wt% H2 (2 kWh/kg) 8 wt% H2 (2.5

kWh/kg) 10 % H2 (3 kWh/kg)

Hydrogen cost 4 euro/kg <4 euro/kg <3 euro/kg

At electricity price 30 euro/MWh 20 euro/MWh 0-20 euro/MWh

Efficiency 70% 75% 80%

K3-I4


facilitate the integration of

storage technologies in the

grid

Overhead HVAC power lines < 8% ohmic loss < 8% ohmic loss < 6% ohmic loss

HVDC lines < 5% ohmic loss < 3% ohmic loss < 3% ohmic loss

Superconductors resistivity < 4x10-25 ohm-m < 4x10-25 ohm-m < 4x10-25 ohm-m

94

Advanced Materials to enable the

decarbonisation of the power sector KPI 2020 2025 Beyond

K4-I1


Improved Integration of

CCS in Power and Energy

Intensive Industries

Enhanced process efficiencies

20% for power

systems,10% for

energy intensive

industries compared

with state of the art

25%, respectively 15% > 25%, > 15%

Higher operational

temperatures and pressures to

enhance process efficiency

e.g. the implementation of Ni-based alloys for > 750°C steam conditions

in pulverized coal power plants

Average capture rate 90% 95% 95%

Reduced capital and operating

costs for the implementation

of CCS

> 50% operational cost or > 25% capital cost reduction based on present

status for applications to various processes

Elements for carrying out an

LCA of the total CCS system Provided regarding the materials investigated

K4-I2


enhanced CO2 separation

processes

Improved performance leading

to reduced CO2 separation

costs

< 40 euro / t CO2 < 30 euro / t CO2 < 20 euro / t CO2

Improved separation

performance

20% compared to

conventional liquid

amine and similar

separation processes

30% > 30%

Improved durability

50% compared to

current state-of-the-

art

60% > 60%

95

Reduced CO2 separation costs

10% improvement

over current state-of-

the-art

20% > 30%

Improved CO2 quality for

various end-uses and

applications

20% > 20% > 30%



K4-I3

Advanced Materials for the

Improved Reliability of CCS

Plants in the Power and

Energy Intensive Industries

Enhanced performance and

durability of processes < 5% efficiency loss

Materials for CCS plants For performance and durability equivalent to those required to achieve

current non-CCS plant maintenance cycles

Reduced risk and operating

costs for the implementation

of CCS

New methods of monitoring and predicting the life of materials in service



K4-I4


enable the utilization of

CO2

Range of viable industrial

processes utilizing CO2 Larger than current state of art

Availability of CO2 from CCS

processes and chemical and

energy process waste gases

Generalized and improved

96

ANNEX V – REFERENCES

1. COM(2015)080 – A Framework Strategy for a Resilient Energy Union with a Forward-Looking Climate Change

Policy

2. International Energy Agency (IEA) - Energy Technology Perspectives 2015 - Mobilising Innovation to

Accelerate Climate Action

http://www.iea.org/etp/etp2015/

3. Overview document & Annex I of "Towards an Integrated Roadmap: Research Innovation Challenges and

Needs of the EU Energy System"

https://setis.ec.europa.eu/set-plan-process/integrated-roadmap-and-action-plan

4. SETIS Magazine – Materials for Energy – February 2015

https://setis.ec.europa.eu/publications/setis-magazine/materials-energy

5. COM(2015)6317 – Towards an Integrated Strategic Energy Technology (SET) Plan: Accelerating the European

Energy System Transformation

6. www.emiri.eu

7. EMIRI Internal Study based on public data from European trade associations representing plastics, glass, steel,

non-ferrous metals

8. EMIRI Internal Study based on financial reports (profit and loss statements, balance sheets, cash flow

statements) of leading European producers of Advanced Materials (plastics, glass, steel, non-ferrous metals)

9. International Renewable Energy Agency - Renewable Energy and Jobs – Annual Review 2015

http://www.irena.org/menu/index.aspx?mnu=Subcat&PriMenuID=36&CatID=141&SubcatID=585

10. European Commission DG GROW/F3 - High-Level Expert Group on Key Enabling Technologies – Final Report

June 2015 – KETs: Time to Act

11. McKinsey Quarterly – August 2012 - The path to improved returns in materials commercialization

12. SEC(2011) 1609 – Commission Staff Working Paper - Materials Roadmap Enabling Low Carbon Energy

Technologies

https://setis.ec.europa.eu/setis-output/materials-roadmap

13. COM(2014)15 - A policy framework for climate and energy in the period from 2020 to 2030

14. COM(2014)330 - European Energy Security Strategy

15. The Advanced Materials Revolution - S. M. Moskowitz - John Wiley & Sons Inc. (2009)

16. Roland Berger Strategy Consultants (2012) - Technology & Market Drivers for Stationary and Automotive

Battery Systems - http://www.rechargebatteries.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Batteries-2012-Roland-

Berger-Report1.pdf

17. Technology and market perspective for future Value Added Materials - Final Report from Oxford Research AS

https://ec.europa.eu/research/industrial_technologies/pdf/technology-market-perspective_en.pdf

18. COM(2009)512 - Preparing for our future: Developing a common strategy for key enabling technologies in the

EU

19. Value Added Materials – Portfolio Analysis - Unit Materials DG R&I – February 2013

https://ec.europa.eu/research/industrial_technologies/pdf/portfolio-analisis-022013_en.pdf

20. www.eera-set.eu

21. www.eua.be

22. https://setis.ec.europa.eu/system/files/The_new_SET-Plan_Governance.pdf

23. http://www.kic-innoenergy.com/

24. https://ec.europa.eu/research/infrastructures/index_en.cfm?pg=esfri

25. http://ec.europa.eu/research/press/2013/pdf/ppp/eeb_factsheet.pdf

26. http://www.fch.europa.eu/

97

27. http://www.ectp.org/

28. https://setis.ec.europa.eu/system/files/IR_Annex%20I_Part%20I_Energy%20Efficiency.pdf

29. https://setis.ec.europa.eu/system/files/IR_Annex%20I_Part%20II_Competitive,%20Efficient,%20Secure,%20S

ustainable&Flexible%20Energy%20System.pdf

30. https://setis.ec.europa.eu/publications/jrc-setis-reports

31. Horizon 2020: Key Enabling Technologies (KETs), Booster for European Leadership in the Manufacturing

Sector – Study for the ITRE Committee (2014)

http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2014/536282/IPOL_STU(2014)536282_EN.pdf

32. Capacities Map 2011 – Joint Research Centre

https://setis.ec.europa.eu/system/files/CapacitiesMap2011.pdf

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