emotiile ii
DESCRIPTION
Emotiile II. Interactiune P-M Evaluare Traire subiectiva Modificari fiziologice Expresie faciala/gesturi Tendinte de gandire si actionale Reactia la emotie. Psihofiziologia emotiilor. SISTEMUL NERVOS CENTRAL Creier Maduva spinarii. Psihofiziologia emotiilor. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Emotiile II
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Interactiune P-M
Evaluare Traire subiectiva Modificari fiziologice Expresie faciala/gesturi Tendinte de gandire si actionale
Reactia la emotie
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Psihofiziologia emotiilor
SISTEMUL NERVOS CENTRAL Creier Maduva spinarii
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Psihofiziologia emotiilor
SISTEMUL NERVOS PERIFERIC
Vegetativ (muschi netezi si glande) - ramura simpatica - ramura parasimpatica
Somatic (muschi scheletici, inclusiv faciali)
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Frica (ex.)
Accelerarea ritmului cardiac Vasodilatatie la nivelul muschilor si
vasoconstrictie in alte zone ale corpului Dilatarea pupilei (midriaza) Stimularea secretiei de glucoza Inhibarea activitatii gastrice si intestinale Relaxarea vezicii urinare Inhibarea secretiei glandelor lacrimale si
salivare Tremor
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Rolul modificarilor fiziologice
1. James (1884): tipare somatoviscerale emotii (diferite) (Teoria James-Lange)
2. Cannon (1927): emotii diferite tipare somatoviscerale diferite (Teoria Cannon-Bard)
3. Schachter & Singer (1962): tipare somatoviscerale nediferentiate + evaluare emotii specifice
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Rolul modificarilor fiziologice4. Damasio (1994): Ipoteza
markerului somatic (Somatic marker hypothesis)
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Cacioppo (2000) Meta-analiza
Furia, teama si tristetea asociate cu crestere mai mare a ritmului cardiac decat dezgustul
Furia – presiune sangvina mai mare si crestere mai redusa a ritmului cardiac decat frica (activitate vasculara vs. cardiaca)
Dezgust – crestere mai mare a conductantei electrice a pielii decat bucuria
!! Emotiile negative par a genera activitate vegetativa mai puternica decat cele pozitive
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Rolul modificarilor fiziologice5. Cacioppo et al., (1992): Iluzia
somatoviscerala
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Psihofiziologia emotiilor (SNS)Electromiografie faciala (EMG –
inregistrarea activitatii musculaturii faciale si in absenta unei expresii vizibile
Sprancene (corrugator supercilii) Obraz (zygomaticus major) Gura (depressor anguli ori)
Schwartz et al. (1979) – activitate EMG mai mare la nivelul obrajior si mai redusa la nivelul sprancenelor in emotiile pozitive
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Psihofiziologia emotiilor (SNC)
James (1884): zonele senzoriale si motorii ale neocortexului; nu exista un sistem specific emotiilor
Cannon (1929): hipotalamusul Papez (1937): circuit format din
hipotalamus, talamus anterior, girus cingulat & hipocamp (Circuitul lui Papez)
McLean (1949): circuitul lui Papez + amigdala, cortex orbitofrontal, ganglionii bazali, nucleul septal = sistem limbic
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Complexul amigdalian si frica (ex.)Conditionarea fricii (Ledoux & Phelps,
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Conditionarea fricii (Ledoux & Phelps,
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Conditionarea fricii (Ledoux & Phelps,
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Extinctia fricii
Nou proces de invatare - stimulul nu mai semnalizeaza pericolul
Zone prefrontale (MPFC)
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Interactiune P-M
Evaluare Traire subiectiva Modificari fiziologice Expresie faciala/gesturi Tendinte de gandire si actionale
Reactia la emotie
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5. Tendinte gandire-actiune
Actiune: emotii negative vs. emotii pozitive
Gandire: atentie invatare/ memorie evaluare/ decizie
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Interactiune P-M
Evaluare Traire subiectiva Modificari fiziologice Expresie faciala/gesturi Tendinte de gandire si actionale
Reactia la emotie
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Expresiile faciale
1. Universalitate – aparitie si manifestare
OM: Ekman (1972) furie, dezgust, frica,
fericire, tristete, surpriza; Corelatie .88 intre culturi
PRIMATE: Expresii distincte Analogii cu expresiile umane (Waller,
2006)
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Expresiile faciale
2. Sunt relationate cu trairea subiectiva
Mauss et al., (2005) – corelatie intre expresia faciala si intensitatea experientei emotionale
Matsumoto et al., (2001) – zambetul Duchenne
Ipoteza feedback-ului facial
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Expresiile faciale
3. Fac parte dintr-un sistem coerent de raspuns
Covariaza cu modalitati specifice de evaluare
Covariaza cu trairi subiective complexe/ adaptarea (ex. doliu: Bonanno & Keltner, 1997; zambetul: Harker & Keltner, 2001)
Covariaza cu masuratori complexe ale sanatatii mentale si fizice (ex. depresie; Ekman, 1997)
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Expresiile faciale
4. Functii sociale importante
Faciliteaza comportamente specifice ale observatorului
Semnalizeaza natura relatiilor interpersonale
Regleaza interactiunile sociale
Importanta recunoasterii acurate!
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Paul Ekman