energy storage + renewables - jccme.or.jp · energy storage + renewables ... sandia report...
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• Today’sgridsrequiremoreflexibilitytoaddress:– Increasedrenewablegenera?on
• Compensa?ngforvariableenergyresources
– ChangingloadpaDerns• Genera?onnowdistributedtoloadcenters(PV)• EVchargersshiJingconsump?onpaDerns
– Agingtransmissionanddistribu?onnetwork• Infrastructureisagingandneedsreinforcement
• Upgradesinurbanenvironmentscanbedifficult
• Energystorageinthegridisapowerfultool– Increasecapacityu?liza?onforgenera?on,
transmission,anddistribu?oninfrastructure
Addingflexibility,efficiency,andreliability
Preparing Grids For A Renewable Future
Renewable Capacity Firming GridStorageApplica?ons
• Problem– “Firm”genera?oncapacityisconstantpowerproduc?onwhichisguaranteed;there
canbepenal?esifthepowerisnot“firm”andsystemoperatorsmustplantocompensatefornon-firmcapacity.
– Renewablegenera?onlikewindpowerandphotovoltaic(PV)solarpowerhaveintermiDentoutputduetotheresourcestheyrelyon.
Constantpoweroutputisdesired
Renewable Capacity Firming
Solarpanelarrayscanbeshadowedbycloudcoverwhichaffectstheirabilitytomaintainconstantelectricityoutput.
Windspeedcanchangeoverthecourseoftheday,insomecasesblowingstrongerintheeveningcomparedtoaJernoon.Thesewindspeedvaria?onsleadtointermiDentandinconsistent,non-constantelectricityproduc?on.
– IntermiDentrenewablegenera?onisduetovariabilityintherenewable“fuel”–inthiscase,sunlightblockedbypassingclouds.
Constantpoweroutputisdesired
Renewable Capacity Firming
Gridsystemoperatorsdesirecommitmentforconstantpoweroutputtominimizetheneedforotherresourcesintheirsystem,forinstanceacombined-cyclegasturbineoracoalplant,torampupanddown,whichcanincreasetheiremissionsandopera?ngcosts.Withenoughnon-firmandintermiDentgenera?onlikewindandsolar,greaterinvestmentinflexiblerampingresourcesisrequired.Insomecases,morecoalplants,gasturbines,orpeakerplantsneedtobeinstalledtocomplementtherenewablegenera?on–theveryfossilfuelresourcesthey’remeanttodisplace!
• ValueAddedbyEnergyStorage– Energystoragecanperformrenewablecapacityfirmingbystoringenergyfrompeaks
orfromotherbaseloadresourcesandusingittofillvalleysinrenewablegenera?onoutput
– AllowsintermiDentelectricsupplyresourcesuchaswindorsolartobeafirm,constantpowersource–avoidingpenaltyfeesandcrea?ngasteadycontractrevenuestream.
– Mayreducepower-relatedcharges(forexamplecapacitypaymentsordemandcharges),oritmayoffsettheneedforequipmentsuchaspeakerplants.
Constantpoweroutputisdesired
Renewable Capacity Firming
Source:SANDIAReportSAND2010-0815,EnergyStoragefortheElectricityGrid:BenefitsandMarketPoten:alAssessmentGuide,JimEyer&GarthCorey(February2010)
• ValueAddedbyEnergyStorage– Howdoesenergystorageworkwithnon-firmrenewablecapacity?
Constantpoweroutputisdesired
Renewable Capacity Firming
+ =EnergyStorage FirmRenewableCapacity
PVisintermiDent–passingcloudscausepoweroutputtodropquickly.Whentheclouddeparts,electricitybeginsflowingagain.
Energystoragecanfillinthevalleywithpreviouslystoredelectricity.
Thenetresult?Firmrenewablecapacity–consistentpoweroutputfromaPVarrayevenwhencloudspassby!
Power
Time
Power
Time
Power
Time
IntermiMentPV
PVsolarfarm
Curtailment Avoidance GridStorageApplica?ons
• Problem– Renewableenergyissome?mesturnedoffor“curtailed”tonotexceedtransmission
anddistribu?oncapacitylimitsorbalancethegenera?onwiththeload.Thiscurtailedenergyislostandnotsold.
Transmissionlineshavealimitedtransportcapacity
Renewable Curtailment Avoidance
Source:hDp://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=16831
Example:InTexas,windwasfrequentlycurtailedduetoexcessproduc?onthatcouldn’tbeabsorbedbyexis?ngtransmissionlines,causingnotonlywindfarmstoshutdown,butalsonega?vepowerpricesasenergyimbalancesdrovereal-?mewholesaleelectricitypricesdownduetotheoversupply.Asaddi?onaltransmissionwasbuiltovertheyears,curtailmentsdroppedandnega?vepricinglargelydisappeared.Buttransmissionisexpensivetobuild–insomecasesenergystoragemightbeabeDerop?on!
• TypicalSitua?ons– Renewablegeneratorswillsimplyshutdown
andnotreceivepaymentforelectricitythatwouldhavebeengenerated,evenifthewindisstrongorthesunisbright.Sincetheycan’tsellittoloadthatdoesn’tneedit,orusetransmissionthatcan’tmoveit,therenewableelectricityis“spilled”orwasted.
• Issues– Electricitythatwouldhavebeengenerated
andsoldbutisn’twillnega?velyimpactthegenerator’stotalreturnoninvestment,decreaseitscapacityfactor,andingeneralreducetheeffec?venessofthegenerator.
Transmissionlineshavealimitedtransportcapacity
Renewable Curtailment Avoidance
• ValueAddedbyEnergyStorage– Usingenergystoragetocapturewindenergyundercurtailmentcondi?onsgivesthe
systemoperatormoreflexibilitytomanageoversupplyorconstrainedtransmissioncapacityandavoidnega?vepowerprices.
– Avoidingcurtailmentcanalsoincreasetheamountofenergygeneratedbyrenewables,andincreasetheamountitcansell
– Addi?onally,ifrenewablegenera?onoccursata?meofnega?vepricing,storagecouldactuallygetpaidtochargeup!
Transmissionlineshavealimitedtransportcapacity
Renewable Curtailment Avoidance
Renewable Time-Shifting GridStorageApplica?ons
• Problem– Renewablegenera?onlikewindandsolaronlygenerateelectricitywhenthewind
blowsorthesunshines.Many?mesthisdoesnotcoincidewiththehighestpricethatitcanbesoldatorwhenitisneededmost.
Sellrenewableelectricityatpeak?meforahigherprice
Renewable Time-Shifting
Thisisaproblemwithwindwhichtypicallyblowsstrongeratnightwhendemandandpricesarelow,butPVgenera?oncannotmeeteveningdemandandcanalsobeexposedtolowerdemandpricingontheweekendsorholidays.
• TypicalSitua?on– Electricitysoldatcontractedfixedpricewhenitisproduced– Electricitysoldwhenitcanatreal-?mewholesaleelectricityprices,
regardlessofwhatthatpriceis
• Issues– Renewableelectricitycannotbeprovidedwheneveritisneeded–
forinstanceineveningsaJerthesungoesdownbutdemandisincreasing
– Sellingrenewableelectricityatthemarketpricemaynotenablethegeneratortorealizethemaximumvaluefromtheelectricityifsoldathigherprices
Sellrenewableelectricityatpeak?meforahigherprice
Renewable Time-Shifting
Did you know? Time-Shifting of energy can be accomplished for any generator, not just renewable generators. Any power plant that finds itself in a position where it could benefit from selling electricity during peak demand is a candidate for time-shifting. Renewable generators suffer the most since their “fuel” (wind and sun) are entirely uncontrollable, unlike coal, gas, nuclear, or hydro power.
• ValueAddedbyEnergyStorage– Renewableenergy?me-shiJcanallowop?mizedrevenuewithenergystorage
chargingduringoff-peak?mes,anddischargingandsellingthestoredelectricityduringon-peak?mes.
Sellrenewableelectricityatpeak?meforahigherprice
Renewable Time-Shifting
Anexampleisshownhereforawindwithenergystorageonasummerday.Windgenera?onisstrongeratnight,whenenergy’svalueislow,andisusedtochargestorage.Abouthalfoftheenergyusedon-peakisfromwindgenera?onthatactuallygetsgeneratedoff-peak.Theresultisfirm,constantpowerforfivehours,beingsoldatahigherprice(on-peak?me)ascomparedtoalowerprice(off-peak?me).
Source:SANDIAReportSAND2010-0815,EnergyStoragefortheElectricityGrid:BenefitsandMarketPoten:alAssessmentGuide,JimEyer&GarthCorey(February2010)
A word on arbitrage A commonly used term for time-shifting is “arbitrage”. However, the strict definition of “arbitrage” is the simultaneous purchase and sale of identical commodities across two or more markets to benefit from a difference in pricing. Time-shifting is not the same since the “buy low sell high” mechanism occurs at two different times separated by several hours, and are not simultaneous.
Renewable Ramp Management
GridStorageApplica?ons
• Renewablegenera?onoutputisvariableandcanchangerapidly.
• Thispowerrampcanmakeitdifficultforsystemoperatorstobalancethegrid.
• Tocompensateforthis,someu?li?escanimposerampratelimita?onsforvariableenergyresources
Controlrapidchangesingeneratoroutput
Renewable Ramp Management
PVsolarhasbeenfacedwiththeserampraterequirements–notably,theUSislandterritoryofPuertoRicoimposedwhatitcalledMTR(minimumtechnicalrequirements)onanysolarpanelprojects,requiringrampratelimits.SimilarrequirementsareineffectforFrenchislandslikeGuadeloupeorReunion.
Windgenera?ononislandslikeHawaiitypicallyhaverampratelimita?ons,keepingpoweroutputchangestounderacertainMWperminute.Thisisdoneinanefforttopromoteamorestablegridenvironmentandonethatsystemoperatorscanmoreeasilymanage.
Renewable Ramp Management
NECES’s11MW/4.3MWhGSS®installa?oninMaui,Hawaii
▐ Wind Ramp Management ▐ 11 MW Power Capability ▐ 4.3 MWh Energy Capacity ▐ 9 Battery Containers ▐ 3 Inverter Containers ▐ External Chillers, Transformers ▐ Operational December 2012
Renewable Ramp Management
GSS®HRwithupto2MWoutputpercontainer
NEC ES provides multiple energy storage technology options on its GSS® platform designed for high power, balanced power and energy, and high energy
• Renewablegenera?oncanlimitup-rampsonitsown,buttypicallycannotlimitdown-ramps.
• Energystoragecanslowdownthedown-rampstomeetthelimita?onsimposedbythesystemoperator.
Howhasitbeenworking?
Renewable Ramp Management
Renewableresourcewithenergystorage(GSS®)
Thank you!
PleasevisitNECEnergyStorageSolu?onsformoreinforma?on:hDps://www.neces.com/solu?ons/for-the-grid/AhmedMUHAMMEDSolu?onsArchitectNECSaudiArabiaa.muhammed@necsaudi.com
