Eng of pre – cadet

P’ Nat

Patterns of speech

• Syllable + syllable = word • Word + word = phrase • Phrase + phase = clause • Clause + clause = sentence • Sentence + sentence = passage

Word / speech /part of speech

•Noun•Pronoun •Verb•Adjective

•Adverb•Conjunction•Preposition

•Noun = คำ��ที่��ใช้เป็�นช้��อเรี�ยกสิ่��งต่��งๆ

– Subject

= Mary gave John help- Predicate

= His sister is Mary- Indirect object = Mary told John the story

- Direct object = Mary gave help to John - Predicate of object

= We elected Kennedy president

- Object of a preposition

= I spoke to John

-Vocative

= Come quickly, Mary

- Appositive

= My eldest sister, Mary, left yesterday.

Nouns – classified by meaning

• Proper noun George, Thanu, Monday , January

• Common noun • concrete = girl, house, car, painter

collective = class, group, committee

Ex. A flock of sheep, A band of singers a battalion of soldiers

Nouns - classified by form

• Compound noun

- N + N = skyrocket, river blank - N + Gerund = coal – mining, bird –

watching - Gerund + N = dining room,

swimming pool - Adj. + N = blue blood, black coffee

- V + N = pickpocket, plowman - Prep. + N = downpour, upstairs - V + Prep. = makeup, use up - N + prep. = son – in –law,

mother – in –law, brothers – in – arms

Nouns - classified by function

• Countable N.Common noun Collective noun Uncount N.

Only singular

• Names of substances

Bread gold paper sand water ice oilstone coffee wood soap wine beer dust tea cream jam gin

• Abstract nouns

- advice, beauty, fear,death, hopeinformation,knowledge, experience, work, courage,

• Branches of subjects

history, chemistry, sociology, dentistryphysics, biology, algebra, geography,mathematics,economics

Uncount Singular Plural Noun

Toast Bread

InkSandWaterWineTeaOil

a piece of toasta loaf of breada bottle of inka bag of sanda bottle of watera glass of winea cup of teaa barrel of oil

pieces of toast loaves of bread bottles of inkbags of sandbottles of waterglasses of winecups of teabarrels of oil

Changing forms of nouns

• Number - Singular

Plural . Gender - Masculine

Feminine. Possessive

- Adding - ‘s - of

1. Number Add S = bed – beds, chair – chairs s, sh, x, ss, ch, z, + es = bush-bushesy -> i + es = army – armies, city –

cities (a,e,i,o,u) – y + s = boy – boys(alphabet- o +s) = hero – heroes , f, fe –> v + es = knife – knives Change = foot – feet, child – children

• น�มบ�งรี�ป็เป็�นพหู�พจน ใช้อย��งเอกพจน เช้�น news

• น�มม�รี�ป็เดี�ยวเป็�นไดีที่$%งเอกพจน และพหู�พจน เช้�น deer sheep, fish, series

• น�มที่��ต่องใช้เป็�นพหู�พจน เสิ่มอ เช้�น trousers, goods, shorts, scissors, eye – glasses, pants

• รี�ป็เอกพจน แต่�คำว�มหูม�ยพหู�พจน เช้�น people , poultry, cattle, vermin

2. Gender - masculine = boy , bull, cock, king - feminine = girl, cow, hen, mother - neuter = fire, air , water, iron - common = bird, child, fish 3. Possessive boy – boy’s, man – man’s, men –

men’s women – women’s, lady - ladies –

ladies ‘

Using of + N.- เม��อผู้�เป็�นเจ�ของที่��หูน�ที่��น�ม แลวต่�มดีวยวล�

หูรี�ออน+ป็รีะโยคำ The boy ran about, obeying the

directions of a man with a whistle.I took the advice of a couple I met on

the train and hired a car. - เม��อใช้ก$บเจ�ของที่��ไม�ม�ช้�ว�ต่ The walls of the town = the town wallsthe roof of the church = the church roof

ก�รีสิ่รี�งคำ��น�ม

• ity = similarity, density • ness = calmness, oneness • - er, - ar, - or