English Public Speaking Chapter 1

Speaking in Public

复旦大学《英语公众演说》教学团队

Chapter Highlights

• The Tradition of Public Speaking

• Public Speaking and Intercultural Communicative Competence

• Public Speaking and Critical Thinking

• Public Speaking and Ethics

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True or False? • Public speaking is more highly structured than conversation.

• Critical thinking is a way of thinking negatively about everything you hear in a speech.

• When you adjust to the situation of a public speech, you are doing on a larger scale what you do every day in conversation.

• Speechmaking becomes more complex as cultural diversity increases.

• Ethnocentrism is unique to western cultures such as those in the United States and Europe.

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WHAT Is Public Speaking?

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Public Speaking

• A way of verbally sharing your ideas with the audience and of influencing them

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Why do we make a public speech?

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Tradition of Public Speaking • 《尚书》(500 BC), mainly a collection of orations made by

rulers and important ministers from mythical times to the middle of the Western Zhou period

Styles：典、谟、训、诰、誓、命

典：皇帝的政绩可作常法的记载 谟：大臣向皇帝陈述良谋、善策的言辞 训：陈诫帝王的言辞 诰：晓谕帝王的言辞 誓：出师告诫将士的言辞 命：君王所发的命令

• 《战国策》（Western Han D.）

• 《史记》（Western Han D.）

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Tradition of Public Speaking • Oldest known handbook on effective speech, written

on papyrus in Egypt 4,500 years ago

• Central role in civic life in classical Greece and

Rome

Eg. Aristotle’s Rhetoric (c300 BC)

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Public Speaking

& Intercultural Communicative Competence

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Public Speaking & Intercultural

Communicative Competence

• Speech making becomes more complex as cultural

diversity increases.

• What matters is not just linguistic literacy and

fluency, but intercultural literacy and fluency.

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Public Speaking vs Conversation

Similarities

• Organizing your thoughts logically.

• Tailoring your message to the audience.

• Telling a story for maximum impact.

• Adapting to listener feedback.

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Public Speaking vs Conversation

Differences

• Public speaking is more highly structured.

• Public speaking requires more formal language.

• Public speaking requires a different method of delivery.

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Public Speaking & Critical Thinking

• Critical Thinking

-- Focused, organized thinking about such things as the logical relationships among ideas, the soundness of evidence, and the differences between fact and opinion

• Critical thinking skills improve public speaking skills, and vice versa.

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Elements of public speaking -- The Speech Communication Process

• Speaker

• Message/Opinion and/or information

• Channel

• Audience/Listener (Frame of reference)

• Occasion or situation

• (Feedback: usu nonverbal)

• (Interference: external & internal)

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Speech Communication Process

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How to deliver a good speech?

• A good window does not call attention to itself. It merely lets in the light. Good speakers are like that.

-- Dale Carnegie (1888 – 1955)

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Speaking Assignment • Prepare a 3-minute self-introductory speech (not a

self-introduction) to be presented in Week 4. Use

an object to help introduce yourself to the class.

Submit your script at elearning before Week 4.

Create a title for your speech.

Speech should have a central idea and a

structure including an (a) introduction, (b)

main body, and (c) conclusion.

Rehearse your speech thoroughly to ensure

it is as close as possible to three minutes.

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Reading Assignment for Week 3

Chapter 04 Selecting a Topic and a Purpose Chapter 05 Analyzing the Audience

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Bibliography

1. Brydon, Steven R. & Michael D. Scott. Between One and Many. McGraw-Hill Education. 2008.

2. Johnson, Steven. Winning Debate. Beijing: FLTRP. 2010.

3. King, Larry. How to Talk to Anyone, Anytime, Anywhere: The Secrets of Good Communication.

4. Lucas, Stephen E. The Art of Public Speaking. Beijing: FLTRP. 2004, 2010.

5. Maslow, Abraham H. Motivation and Personality (2nd ed). New York: Harper & Row, 1970)

6. 安秉哲，《怎样进行国际学术演讲》，哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社，2009年。 7. http://www.shortfun.com/michelle-obama-2-5117

8. http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/ps/sites/roughguide/hall_of_fame/pages/david_cameron.shtml

9. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fight-or-flight_response

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Sources of pictures http://www.hkcd.com.hk/zt/2009-11/17/content_2430668.htm

http://bulo.hujiang.com/u/7236911/diary/227936/

http://tooopen.com/view/197616.html

https://www.wired.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/diversity-women-tech-470691426-f.jpg

The End.

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