enseignants : st é phan briaudeau ([email protected], tel. : 0158808927)
DESCRIPTION
CNAM 2007-2008 NST 101 Outils logiciels pour l'instrumentation, la mesure et le contrôle industriel. Enseignants : St é phan BRIAUDEAU ([email protected], tel. : 0158808927) Nicolas Pousset ( [email protected] tel. : 0158808903 - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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CNAM 2007-2008 NST 101 Outils logiciels pour l'instrumentation,
la mesure et le contrôle industriel
Enseignants : Stéphan BRIAUDEAU ([email protected], tel. : 0158808927) Nicolas Pousset ([email protected] tel. : 0158808903
Dates des Cours/TD/TP ( Stéphan BRIAUDEAU, Nicolas Pousset)15 séances le mardi de 17h30 à 21h45 Du mardi 2 octobre 2007 au mardi 22 janvier 2008
premier cours le 2 octobre 2006 dernier cours le 22 janvier 2007 pas de cours les 25 décembre 2006 ni le 01 janvier 2007
Lieu des cours : Salle SD321 et SD 322 sur le site CNAM du Landy, 61 rue du Landy, 93210 La Plaine Saint Denis
Examen non encore fixé, à ce stade Contrôle continu (CC) : deux projets de TP à remettre et notés sur 20 par binôme : D1,D2Note de contrôle continu : CC(/20)= (D1+D2) / 2Examen premiere session : E1(/20)Note finale issue première session : N1 = 30% CC + 70% E1Si N1 10/20 : admission
Sinon : examen seconde session : E2 (/20)Note finale après seconde session : N2 = 40% CC + 60% E2Si N1 10/20 : admission Sinon : ajourné
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CNAM 2007-2008 NST 101 Outils logiciels pour l'instrumentation, la mesure et le contrôle
industriel
•Public concerné et conditions d’accès•Techniciens, techniciens supérieurs, cadres ou ingénieurs désirant s'initier au pilotage logiciel d'instruments et à l'instrumentation à façade virtuelle. Une maîtrise élémentaire de l'outil informatique, et un niveau technique de technicien supérieur, sont requis.
•Finalités de l’unité d’enseignement
•Objectifs pédagogiques•Être capable de mettre en oeuvre, dans un cadre industriel, des solutions d'instrumentation intelligente mettant en oeuvre des capteurs, un ou plusieurs réseaux, le traitement des données ainsi que leur mise à disposition sous forme de graphiques, de rapport, voire de publication web, tout en respectant des critères élémentaires de sécurité, de fiabilité et d'ergonomie.
•Capacité et compétences acquises•- Aptitude à faire l'analyse d'un problème d'acquisition de données ou de mesures, ou de communication avec des organes de contrôle industriel.- Aptitude à mettre en oeuvre une solution logicielle efficace pour répondre au cahier des charges établi.- Aptitude à proposer des solutions de mise en oeuvre et d'exploitation les plus indépendantes possibles du matériel.•de messages, machine d'état...
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CNAM 2007-2008 NST 101 Outils logiciels pour l'instrumentation, la mesure et le
contrôle industriel•Contenu de la formation•3 modules de 20h(compatibilité DIF)
•1) Bases de programmationCréation d'un instrument virtuel. Flot de données. Types de données. Boucles « N fois » et « tant que ». Branchement conditionnels, à choix multiples. Opérations sur les chaînes de caractères, E/S fichiers. Débogage. Gestion des événements utilisateur.
•2) Acquisition de données - contrôle d'instruments et de systèmes- réseauxLiaison série, parallèle. Protocoles d'échange. Contrôle d'instruments. Couche d'abstraction : VISA. Ethernet et réseau internet : structure et fonctionnement. TCP/IP, port serveur de données Datasocket. Mise en oeuvre d'OPC (OLE for Process Control). Édition automatique de rapports. Publication WEB de résultats.
•3) Techniques complémentairesLe contenu de ce module est adaptable par un centre d'enseignement en fonction des spécificités locales pour répondre aux demandes du bassin d'emploi. Exemple de thèmes pouvant être traités : -Communication avec un automate programmable-Supervision-Création de DLL - utilisation de DLL. -Mise en oeuvre de contrôles ActiveX-Compilation pour le temps réel (Labview RT ou Matlab temps réel)-Bases de vision industrielle (IMAQ vision, assistant vision)-Architectures : maître/esclave, client/serveur, gestionnaire de file
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CNAM 2007-2008 NST 101 Bases de programmation(1)
Construire un organigramme
Exemple d'algorithme.
On désire acquérir 10 nombres au clavier, calculer la moyenne de ces nombres, et afficher le résultat à l'écran.
Organigramme :
1) Recenser les données du problème :ces données constituent les variables d’entrée du programmeil faut leur affecter un type de variable ainsi qu’nu nom de variable
2) Recenser les solutions du problèmeCe sont les données de sortie du problème, ou une actionLeur affecter un type de donnée et un nom de variable
3) Décrire les actions nécessaires pour résoudre le problème poséCes actions constituent des sous programmes, ou fonctions Ces sous programmes peuvent nécessiter l’introduction de variables d’entrée et de sortie intermédiaires
4) Décomposer ces actions en sous actions jusqu’aux fonctionnalités et opérateurs du langage utilisé
Il faut donc connaître les opérateurs de base ainsi que les types de base du langag
5) Réaliser l’organigramme6) Coder l’organigramme en langage de programmation
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CNAM 2007-2008 NST 101 Bases de programmation(1)
Construire un organigramme
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CNAM 2007-2008 NST 101 Bases de programmation(1)
Construire un organigramme et un algorithme
Ecriture algorithmique :
Début ! somme <-- 0 ! pour k=1 à 10 avec un pas de 1, faire ! ! lire ( au clavier ) x ! ! somme <-- somme + x ! fin pour ! moyenne <-- somme / 10 ! écrire ( écran ) moyenne Fin
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CNAM 2007-2008 NST 101 Bases de programmation(1)
Introduction à Labview
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CNAM 2007-2008 NST 101 Bases de programmation(1)
Introduction à Labview
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CNAM 2007-2008 NST 101 Bases de programmation(1)
Introduction à Labview
Instrument Virtuel :Face avant (front panel)
« les indicateurs » (variables d’entrée)« les controles » (variables de sortie)
Instrument virtuel :Face arrière (diagram)le corps du programme graphique
Notion de flux de données
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CNAM 2007-2008 NST 101 Bases de programmation(1)
Introduction à Labview
Plan : 1) Instrument virtuel : face avant et arriere2) Programmation graphique et de flux de données : câblage et organisation3) L’aide et la boite d’outils et de fonctions4) Débuguer un programme5) Les structures de programmes
boucles (N répétitions, tant que, cadencée,registres a decalage) ,conditionnelle, séquence et évênementsous programmes, boite de calcul
6) Les types de variables locale ou globalesnumériques, tableaux, chaines de caractéres, booléennes, clusters, fichiers
7) Enregistrer une bibliothèque de programmes
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Section I
• LabVIEW terms
• Components of a LabVIEW application
• LabVIEW programming tools
• Creating an application in LabVIEW
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Front Panel• Controls = Inputs• Indicators = Outputs
Block Diagram• Accompanying “program”
for front panel• Components “wired”
together
LabVIEW Programs Are Called Virtual Instruments (VIs)
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VI Front PanelFront Panel Toolbar
GraphLegend
BooleanControl
WaveformGraph
Icon
PlotLegend
ScaleLegend
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VI Block Diagram
Wire Data
GraphTerminal
SubVI
While LoopStructure
Block Diagram Toolbar Divide
Function
Numeric Constant
Timing Function
Boolean Control Terminal
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Express VIs, VIs and Functions• Express VIs: interactive VIs with configurable dialog page• Standard VIs: modularized VIs customized by wiring• Functions: fundamental operating elements of
LabVIEW; no front panel or block diagram
Express VIExpress VI Standard VIStandard VI
FunctionFunction
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Controls and Functions Palettes
Controls Palette (Front Panel Window)
Functions Palette (Block Diagram Window)
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Operating Tool
Positioning/Resizing Tool
Labeling Tool
Wiring Tool
Shortcut Menu Tool
• Floating Palette• Used to operate and modify
front panel and block diagram objects.
Scrolling Tool
Breakpoint Tool
Probe Tool
Color Copy Tool
Coloring Tool
Tools Palette
Automatic Selection Tool
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Run Button
Continuous Run Button
Abort Execution
Pause/Continue Button
Text Settings
Align Objects
Distribute Objects
Reorder
Resize front panel objects
Execution Highlighting Button Step Into Button
Step Over Button
Step Out Button
Additional Buttons on the Diagram Toolbar
Status Toolbar
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Open and Run a Virtual InstrumentExample finder
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ControlTerminals
Block Diagram Window
Front Panel Window
Indicator Terminals
Creating a VI
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Creating a VI – Block Diagram
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Wiring Tips – Block DiagramWiring “Hot Spot”
Clean Up WiringUse Automatic Wire Routing
Click To Select Wires
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• Block diagram executes dependent on the flow of data; block diagram does NOT execute left to right
• Node executes when data is available to ALL input terminals
• Nodes supply data to all output terminals when done
Dataflow ProgrammingDataflow Programming
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Help Options
Context Help• Online help• Lock help• Simple/Complex Diagram help• Ctrl + H
Online reference• All menus online• Pop up on functions in diagram to access online info directly
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Exercise 1 - Convert °C to °F
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Debugging Techniques• Finding Errors
• Execution Highlighting
• Probe
Click on broken Run buttonWindow showing error appears
Click on Execution Highlighting button; data flow is animated using bubbles. Values are displayed on wires.
Right-click on wire to display probe and it shows data as it flows through wire segment
You can also select Probe tool from Tools palette and click on wire
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Section II – SubVIs
• What is a subVI?• Making an icon and
connector for a subVI• Using a VI as a subVI
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Block Diagram Nodes
Icon Expandable Node Expanded Node
• Function Generator VI• Same VI, viewed three different ways• Yellow field designates a standard VI• Blue field designates an Express VI
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SubVIs• A SubVI is a VI that can be used within another VI• Similar to a subroutine• Advantages
– Modular– Easier to debug– Don’t have to recreate code– Require less memory
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Icon and Connector
• An icon represents a VI in other block diagrams
• A connector shows available terminals for data transfer
Icon
Connector
Terminals
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SubVIsSub VIsSub VIs
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Steps to Create a SubVI
• Create the Icon
• Create the Connector
• Assign Terminals
• Save the VI
• Insert the VI into a Top Level VI
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Create the Icon• Right-click on the icon in the
block diagram or front panel
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Create the ConnectorRight click on the icon pane (front panel only)
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Assign Terminals
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Save The VI
• Choose an Easy to Remember Location• Organize by Functionality
– Save Similar VIs into one directory (e.g. Math Utilities)
• Organize by Application– Save all VIs Used for a Specific Application into one
directory or library file (e.g. Lab 1 – Frequency Response)
• Library Files (.llbs) combine many VI’s into a single file, ideal for transferring entire applications across computers
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Insert the SubVI into a Top Level VIAccessing user-made subVIs
Functions >>All Functions >> Select a VIOr
Drag icon onto target diagram
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Tips for Working in LabVIEW
• Keystroke Shortcuts– <Ctrl-H> – Activate/Deactivate Context Help Window– <Ctrl-B> – Remove Broken Wires From Block Diagram– <Ctrl-E> – Toggle Between Front Panel and Block
Diagram– <Ctrl-Z> – Undo (Also in Edit Menu)
• Tools » Options… – Set Preferences in LabVIEW• VI Properties – Configure VI Appearance, Documentation, etc.
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Exercise 2 – Simple Data Acquisition
Complete Convert C to F.vi, then create Thermometer.vi.
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Section IV – Loops and Charts
• For Loop• While Loop• Charts• Multiplots
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Loops
• While Loops– Have Iteration Terminal– Always Run at least Once– Run According to
Conditional Terminal• For Loops
– Have Iteration Terminal– Run According to input N
of Count Terminal
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Loops (cont.)1. Select the loop 2. Enclose code to be repeated
3. Drop or drag additional nodes and then wire
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Charts
Waveform chart – special numeric indicator that can display a history of values
Controls >> Graph Indicators >> Waveform Chart
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Wiring Data into Charts
Single Plot Charts Multiplot Charts
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Exercise 3 – Using loops
Students build Use a loop.vi.
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Section V – Arrays & File I/O• Build arrays manually• Have LabVIEW build arrays automatically• Write to a spreadsheet file• Read from a spreadsheet file
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Adding an Array to the Front PanelFrom the Controls >> All Controls >> Array and
Cluster subpalette, select the Array Shell
Drop it on the screen.
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Adding an Array (cont.)
Place data object into shell (i.e. Numeric Control)
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Creating an Array with a Loop
• Loops accumulate arrays at their boundaries
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Creating 2D Arrays
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File I/O
File I/O – passing data to and from files
- Files can be binary, text, or spreadsheet
- Write/Read LabVIEW Measurements file (*.lvm)Writing to LVM fileWriting to LVM file Reading from LVM fileReading from LVM file
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Write LabVIEW Measurement File
• Includes the open, write, close and error handling functions
• Handles formatting the string with either a tab or comma delimiter
• Merge Signals function is used to combine data into the dynamic data type
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Exercise 4 – Analyzing and Logging DataStudents build Temperature Logger.vi
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Section VI – Array Functions & Graphs
• Basic Array Functions• Use graphs• Create multiplots with graphs
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Array Functions – BasicsFunctions >> All functions>> ArrayFunctions >> All functions>> Array
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Array Functions – Build Array
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Graphs
• Selected from the Graph palette of Controls menuControls>>All Controls>>Graphs
Waveform GraphWaveform Graph – Plot an array of – Plot an array of numbers against their indicesnumbers against their indicesExpress XY GraphExpress XY Graph – Plot one array – Plot one array against anotheragainst anotherDigital Waveform GraphDigital Waveform Graph – Plot bits – Plot bits from binary datafrom binary data
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Graphs
Right-Click on the Graph and choose Propertiesto Interactively Customize
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Exercise 5 – Using Waveform Graphs
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Section VII – Strings, Clusters, & Error Handling
• Strings
• Creating Clusters
• Cluster Functions
• Error I/O
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Strings• A string is a sequence of displayable or
nondisplayable characters (ASCII)• Many uses – displaying messages, instrument control,
file I/O• String control/indicator is in the Controls »Text
Control or Text Indicator
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Clusters
• Data structure that groups data together
• Data may be of different types
• Analogous to struct in C
• Elements must be either all controls or all indicators
• Thought of as wires bundled into a cable
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Creating a Cluster
1. Select a Cluster shell
Controls >> All Controls >> Array & Cluster
2. Place objects inside the shell
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Cluster Functions• In the Cluster subpalette of the Functions>>All functions palette
• Can also be accessed by right-clicking on the cluster terminal
Bundle
(Terminal labels reflect data type)
Bundle By Name
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Cluster FunctionsUnbundle
Unbundle By Name
Unbundled cluster in the diagram
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Error Clusters
• Error cluster contains the following information:– Boolean to report whether error occurred– Integer to report a specific error code– String to give information about the error
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Error Handling Techniques
• Error information is passed from one subVI to the next• If an error occurs in one subVI, all subsequent subVIs are not
executed in the usual manner• Error Clusters contain all error conditions• Automatic Error Handling
error clusters
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Section VIII - Case & Sequence Structures, Formula Nodes
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Case Structures• In the Structures subpalette of Functions palette• Enclose nodes or drag them inside the structure• Stacked like a deck of cards, only one case visible
Functions >> Execution control
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Exercise 6 – Error Clusters & Handling
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Sequence Structures
• In the Execution Control subpalette of Functions palette• Executes diagrams sequentially• Right-click to add new frame
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Formula Nodes• In the Structures subpalette • Implement complicated equations• Variables created at border• Variable names are case sensitive• Each statement must terminate with a semicolon (;)• Context Help Window shows available functions
Note semicolon
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Section IX – Printing & Documentation
• Print From File Menu to Printer, HTML, Rich Text File
• Programmatically Print Graphs or Front Panel Images
• Document VIs in VI Properties » Documentation Dialog
• Add Comments Using Free Labels on Front Panel & Block Diagram
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Printing• File » Print… Gives Many Printing Options
– Choose to Print Icon, Front Panel, Block Diagram, VI Hierarchy, Included SubVIs, VI History
• Print Panel.vi (Programmatically Prints a Front Panel) – Functions » All Functions » Application Control
• Generate & Print Reports (Functions » Output » Report)
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Documenting VIs• VI Properties » Documentation
– Provide a Description and Help Information for a VI
• VI Properties » Revision History– Track Changes Between Versions of a VI
• Individual Controls » Description and Tip…– Right Click to Provide Description and Tip Strip
• Use Labeling Tool to Document Front Panels & Block Diagrams
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Section X – Basic Programming Architecture
• Simple VI Architecture
• General VI Architecture
• State Machine Architecture
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Simple VI Architecture
• Functional VI that produces results when run– No “start” or “stop” options– Suitable for lab tests, calculations
• Example: Convert C to F.vi
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General VI Architecture
• Three Main Steps– Startup– Main Application– Shutdown
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State Machine Architecture
• Advantages– Can go from any state from any
other– Easy to modify and debug
• Disadvantages– Can lose events if two occur at the
same timeStates:0: Startup1: Idle2: Event 13: Event 24: Shutdown
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Exercise 7 – Simple State Machine
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Section XI – Remote Front Panels
• View & Control LabVIEW Front Panels from a Web Browser
• Requires no programming• Remote clients see “live” front panel updates• Multiple clients can view the same panel
simultaneously• Only one client can control the front panel at a
time
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Remote Panel Web Publishing Tool•Tools » Web Publishing Tool…
•Click Save to Disk and VI is embedded into an HTML file
•After file is saved, it can be reopened and customized in any HTML editor
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Remote Front Panels - Resources
• NI Developer Zone (zone.ni.com)– Search for Remote Front
Panel
– Tutorials & Instructions Are Available for Download
– Information on Incorporating Web Cameras into Remote Panel Applications
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Section XII – Additional Topics
• Property Nodes
• Local Variables
• Global Variables
• DataSocket
• Binary File I/O
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Where Do I Go From Here?
• Example programs (Help» Find Examples…)• LabVIEW Student Edition
(www.ni.com/labviewse)• Web resources (ni.com)
– NI Developer Zone (zone.ni.com)
– Application Notes
– Info-labview newsgroup (www.info-labview.org/)
– Instrument Driver Library (www.ni.com/idnet)
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Section III – Data Acquisition
• Data acquisition (DAQ) basics• Connecting Signals• Simple DAQ application Computer
DAQ Device
Terminal Block
Cable
Sensors
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Data Acquisition in LabVIEW
Traditional NI-DAQSpecific VIs for performing:• Analog Input• Analog Output• Digital I/O• Counter operations
NI-DAQmxNext generation driver: • VIs for performing a
task• One set of VIs for all
measurement types
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DAQ – Data AcquisitionTemperature Acquisition using the DAQ Assistant
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Data Acquisition Terminology
• Resolution - Determines How Many Different Voltage Changes Can Be Measured– Larger Resolution More Precise Representation of
Signal
• Range - Minimum and Maximum Voltages– Smaller range More Precise Representation of
Signal
• Gain - Amplifies or Attenuates Signal for Best Fit in Range
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Hardware ConnectionsBNC-2120
SCB-68
NI-ELVIS
SC-2075