enterprise modelling and integration: a taxonomy of seven key aspects

Enterprise modelling and integraEnterprise modelling and integration:tion:

a taxonomy of seven key aspecta taxonomy of seven key aspectss

指導老師指導老師歐陽超教授歐陽超教授組員：組員： M9301201 M9301201 蘇明秋蘇明秋

M9301101 M9301101 謝明志謝明志

M9301108 M9301108 李坤德李坤德M9301202 M9301202 陳子文陳子文

內容大綱內容大綱 IntroductionIntroduction EE,EI,EM,EIMEE,EI,EM,EIM 名詞定義名詞定義 The seven aspects of Enterprise Modelling and The seven aspects of Enterprise Modelling and

IntegrationIntegration Tools for Enterprise Integration ModellingTools for Enterprise Integration Modelling Software Application Software Application ＆＆ Physical systemPhysical system Business process under domains requiring EntBusiness process under domains requiring Ent

erprise Integrationerprise Integration Business process modelsBusiness process models

IntroductionIntroduction

全球化的競爭市場全球化的競爭市場客戶期望不斷成長客戶期望不斷成長導入導入 EEEE 、、 EIEI 、、 EMEM 、、 EIMEIM 。。定義、分析、設計、整合企業流程資訊、定義、分析、設計、整合企業流程資訊、

軟體應用程式和知識庫。軟體應用程式和知識庫。

EE,EI,EM,EIMEE,EI,EM,EIM 名詞定義名詞定義 Enterprise Engineering (EE)Enterprise Engineering (EE)

Enterprise Engineering is found upon the priEnterprise Engineering is found upon the principle that an enterprise.nciple that an enterprise.

資訊技術為基礎資訊技術為基礎不是以靜態的構造為目標不是以靜態的構造為目標具工程學特徵具工程學特徵著眼企業整體著眼企業整體重人的共性出發思考重人的共性出發思考

EE,EI,EM,EIMEE,EI,EM,EIM 名詞定義名詞定義 Enterprise Integration (EI)Enterprise Integration (EI)

Enterprise Integration is the task of improviEnterprise Integration is the task of improving the performance of complex organizationg the performance of complex organizations by managing the interactions among the ns by managing the interactions among the participants.participants.

Exchange ServerExchange Server 、、 OutloookOutloook 、、 EDIEDI ＆＆ XMLXML

EE,EI,EM,EIMEE,EI,EM,EIM 名詞定義名詞定義 Enterprise Modelling (EM)Enterprise Modelling (EM)

Enterprise Modelling is the process of producinEnterprise Modelling is the process of producing abstractions about the enterprise business fug abstractions about the enterprise business function, data and cycle which are useful in descrnction, data and cycle which are useful in describing the states of the enterprise.ibing the states of the enterprise.

Enterprise Integration Modelling (EIM)Enterprise Integration Modelling (EIM)企業模型整合服務時所考慮到的應用程式。企業模型整合服務時所考慮到的應用程式。

The seven aspects of Enterprise MThe seven aspects of Enterprise Modelling and Integrationodelling and Integration

77 個關鍵面思考企業模型與建構個關鍵面思考企業模型與建構• Drivers-Drivers- 為何需要企業模型建構為何需要企業模型建構• Goals-Goals- 哪些目標是我們在企業建構模型中需要哪些目標是我們在企業建構模型中需要

達到的達到的• Domains-Domains- 企業整合時，可以大致分為企業整合時，可以大致分為 22 個領個領

域域• Types-Types- 企業可以分為內部與外部整合企業可以分為內部與外部整合• Modelling-Modelling- 利用文字符號描述企業流程，目的利用文字符號描述企業流程，目的

在於可以清楚瞭解在於可以清楚瞭解• Scale-Scale- 衡量企業整合之工具衡量企業整合之工具• Issues-Issues- 整合企業時會遇到哪些問題或是阻礙整合企業時會遇到哪些問題或是阻礙


Drivers of Enterprise IntegrationDrivers of Enterprise Integration統合控制內部參與者與外部參與著的機制統合控制內部參與者與外部參與著的機制

企業流程企業流程企業資訊系統企業資訊系統組織間的溝通組織間的溝通支援決策資訊支援決策資訊

Interface & IntergrationInterface & Intergration


Goals of Enterprise IntegrationGoals of Enterprise Integration• TangibleTangible• Non-tangibleNon-tangible• OthersOthers

Domains requiring Domains requiring Enterprise IntegrationEnterprise Integration

Core BusinessCore Business organization management organization management business processbusiness process

Business-Supporting ResourcesBusiness-Supporting Resources software applicationsoftware application physical system physical system

Types of Enterprise IntegrationTypes of Enterprise Integration

．． Inter-enterpriseInter-enterprise．． Intra-enterpriseIntra-enterprise

企業內部供應商客戶

分公司

分公司Inter-enterprise Integration

Intra-enterprise Integration

Perspectives of Enterprise IntegratiPerspectives of Enterprise Integration Modellingon Modelling

Enterprise ModellingEnterprise ModellingComputer ServicesComputer ServicesConcurrent EngineeringConcurrent EngineeringCoordinationCoordination

Domains & PerspectivesDomains & Perspectives

Enterprise modellingEnterprise modelling －－ Business processBusiness processComputer ServicesComputer Services －－ Physical systemPhysical systemConcurrent EngineeringConcurrent Engineering －－ Business processBusiness processCoordinationCoordination －－ Organization managementOrganization management

模型整合遇到的問題模型整合遇到的問題

１、１、 SyntaxSyntax

２、２、 SemanticSemantic

處理處理 SyntaxSyntax ＆＆ SemanticSemantic 問題的方問題的方法法

１．１． Master ModelMaster Model ２．２． Unified ModelUnified Model ３．３． Federated ModelFederated Model

Tools for Enterprise Integration MoTools for Enterprise Integration Modellingdelling

Business ModellingBusiness Modelling －－ IDEFIDEF00

Workflow ModellingWorkflow Modelling －－ IDEFIDEF33

Data ModellingData Modelling －－ OMT (Object Modelling TeOMT (Object Modelling Technique)chnique)

Infrastructure Configuration Infrastructure Configuration －－ ARIS SystemARIS SystemProject ManagementProject Management －－ MRP,MRP2MRP,MRP2Performance MetricsPerformance Metrics

Framework requirements of EnterprFramework requirements of Enterprise Integration Modellingise Integration Modelling

１．１． Decision orientationDecision orientation ２．２． CompletenessCompleteness ３．３． AppropriatenessAppropriateness ４．４． PermanencePermanence ５．５． Simply & FlexibleSimply & Flexible

Scale of Enterprise IntegrationScale of Enterprise Integration

Large / Small enterpriseLarge / Small enterprise Manufacturer of simple / complex Manufacturer of simple / complex

productproduct Manufacturer of low / high volume Manufacturer of low / high volume

productproduct Discrete / Continuous processDiscrete / Continuous process Locally / Globally groupedLocally / Globally grouped Single / Multiple product operationsSingle / Multiple product operations Manufacture / Assemble productManufacture / Assemble product

Issues of Enterprise IntegrationIssues of Enterprise Integration

TechnicalTechnical Manufacturing infrastructureManufacturing infrastructure Shared knowledge and system Shared knowledge and system

People-orientedPeople-oriented CustomerCustomer SupplierSupplier People and team in the organizationPeople and team in the organization

Issues of Enterprise IntegrationIssues of Enterprise Integration

EconomicalEconomical Cost of running the business Cost of running the business

OrganizationalOrganizational Management Management Resources and responsibilitiesResources and responsibilities Process Process

Software Application under Domains Software Application under Domains requiring Enterprise Integrationrequiring Enterprise Integration

Types of software applicationTypes of software application

Components in software applicationComponents in software application

Inter-operability of software Inter-operability of software

applicationapplication


Management SystemManagement System Management Information System (MIS)Management Information System (MIS)

Decision Support System (DSS)Decision Support System (DSS)

Information enquire / accessInformation enquire / access


Production SystemProduction System Production development and designProduction development and design

ManufacturingManufacturing NC machineNC machine Assembly equipmentAssembly equipment RobotsRobots Assembly lineAssembly line Monitoring and controlMonitoring and control


Information SystemInformation System Purchasing systemPurchasing system PayrollPayroll

Finance / AccountingFinance / Accounting

Stock control / trackingStock control / tracking

Information accessInformation access


Cooperative workCooperative work Computer-Supported Cooperative Working Computer-Supported Cooperative Working

(CSCW) System(CSCW) System CSCWCSCW 的核心是群體，其目標是建立協同工作的核心是群體，其目標是建立協同工作

的環境，改善人們進行訊息交流的模式，從而的環境，改善人們進行訊息交流的模式，從而提升群體工作質量和效率提升群體工作質量和效率

Components in software applicationComponents in software application

FunctionFunction ConceptualConceptual

Flow chartFlow chart

Pseudo codePseudo code Implementation (Programming Language)Implementation (Programming Language)

C/C++C/C++

PascalPascal

DatabaseDatabase DataData InformationInformation KnowledgeKnowledge

Inter-operability of software Inter-operability of software applicationapplication

Shared databaseShared database Data exchange using neutral file formatData exchange using neutral file format e.g.. STEPe.g.. STEP 、、 IGESIGES 、、 EDIFACTEDIFACT Application Program Interfaces (APIs)Application Program Interfaces (APIs) e.g.. SDAIe.g.. SDAI MiddlewareMiddleware e.g.. CORBAe.g.. CORBA 、、 RPCRPC 、、 OSF/DCEOSF/DCE

Physical system under Domains Physical system under Domains requiring Enterprise Integrationrequiring Enterprise Integration

Physical componentsPhysical components

Technology transparenciesTechnology transparencies

Operating requirementsOperating requirements

Physical componentsPhysical components

Computer hardware architecture Computer hardware architecture (platform)(platform)

• Network technologiesNetwork technologies• Data Storage devicesData Storage devices• Programming languagesProgramming languages• Application-building toolsApplication-building tools• Application software (operating Application software (operating

systems)systems)

Technology transparenciesTechnology transparencies

• AccessAccess• ConcurrencyConcurrency• ReplicationReplication• LocationLocation• LivenessLiveness• MigrationMigration• ConfigurationConfiguration

Operating requirementsOperating requirements

ScalabilityScalability 確保企業運作的持續性和結構的整合性是完整的確保企業運作的持續性和結構的整合性是完整的 AdaptabilityAdaptability 可以完全的整合可以完全的整合已開發的系統和目前的系統已開發的系統和目前的系統 ParallelismParallelism 不同的資訊系統可以同時運作不同的資訊系統可以同時運作 AutonomyAutonomy 各個獨立的管理系統應該分開管理，已確保整合各個獨立的管理系統應該分開管理，已確保整合的彈性的彈性

Business process under domains Business process under domains requiring Enterprise Integrationrequiring Enterprise Integration

Integration of business processesIntegration of business processes Product information based integration Product information based integration 產品資訊面的整合 → 以產品製造及服務提供為中心來管理企業的方法，產品資訊面的整合 → 以產品製造及服務提供為中心來管理企業的方法，產品資訊被當作企業活動的基礎，這準觀念常被使產品資訊被當作企業活動的基礎，這準觀念常被使用在企業間的整合。用在企業間的整合。 Process information based integrationProcess information based integration 流程資訊面的整合 → 將企業經營或運作的焦點放在流程資訊上，這種觀流程資訊面的整合 → 將企業經營或運作的焦點放在流程資訊上，這種觀念常被使用在企業內部整合。念常被使用在企業內部整合。


Integration of business processesIntegration of business processes Business or rule based integrationBusiness or rule based integration 企業標準或規範面的整合企業標準或規範面的整合 → → 以提升或強化各方面績效指標的水準來管理以提升或強化各方面績效指標的水準來管理企業。企業。 exex ：提升品質、利潤、顧客滿意度及穩定性。：提升品質、利潤、顧客滿意度及穩定性。


Modelling of business processesModelling of business processes UsageUsage 用法用法 → → 企業模型可用於分析目標、資訊系統設計，了解企業活動與經營是企業模型可用於分析目標、資訊系統設計，了解企業活動與經營是如何執行的如何執行的 MeaningMeaning 涵義涵義 → → （（ 11）） Theoretical Theoretical 理論上（理論上（ 22）） Denotation Denotation 表示符號上表示符號上（（ 33）） Situational Situational 情勢上情勢上 Modelling layersModelling layers 層面層面 → → （（ 11）） concepture concepture 概念層面（概念層面（ 22）） Logical Logical 邏輯層面邏輯層面（（ 33）） Physical Physical 實體層面實體層面


Modelling of business processesModelling of business processes• Modelling RepresentationModelling Representation 模型建構的呈現 → 模型建構的呈現 → BonneyBonney 指出企業流程模型可用來呈現指出企業流程模型可用來呈現（（ 11）企業活動（）企業活動（ 22）企業形勢（）企業形勢（ 33）使活動發生的條件）使活動發生的條件（（ 44 ）其他一些能與形勢、條件結合的附加資訊）其他一些能與形勢、條件結合的附加資訊 Modelling compositionModelling composition 建構模型所需的方法 →（建構模型所需的方法 →（ 11）） Top-down approach Top-down approach （（ structuredstructured）） IDEFIDEF00 （（ 22）） Bottom-up approachBottom-up approach （（ object-orientedobject-oriented ）） OOSEOOSE （（ 33）） Top-down Top-down 和和 Bottom-up Bottom-up 結合結合


Modelling of business processesModelling of business processes Modelling orientation Modelling orientation 模型建構的導向模型建構的導向

• Activity oriented approach Activity oriented approach 活動導向活動導向• Agent oriented approach Agent oriented approach 代理人導向代理人導向 • Resource oriented approach Resource oriented approach 資源導向資源導向• Organization oriented approach Organization oriented approach 組織導向組織導向• Goal oriented approach Goal oriented approach 目標導向目標導向

Business process listingBusiness process listing

Business processBusiness process

IntegrationIntegration ModellingModelling

usageusage meaningsmeanings LayersLayers RepresentationsRepresentations CompositionCompositionss

OrientationsOrientations

(1) Product(1) Product information baseinformation base

dd e.g. STEPe.g. STEP(2) Process(2) Process information baseinformation base

dde.g.BPRe.g.BPR(3) Business or (3) Business or rule basedrule based

(1) Analysing(1) AnalysingPurposePurpose

(2) Information(2) InformationSystems designSystems design

(3) Perform ente(3) Perform enterprise operationrprise operation

(1) Theoretic(1) Theoretic

(2) Denotational(2) Denotational

(3) Situational(3) Situational

(1) Concepturea(1) Conceptureall((abstractionabstraction))

(2) Logical(2) Logical((representationrepresentation))

(3) Physical(3) Physical((pragmaticpragmatic))

(1)Activity of the(1)Activity of the

enterpriseenterprise

(2) States of the(2) States of the

enterpriseenterprise

(3) Conditions to(3) Conditions to

enable activitiesenable activities

to take placeto take place

(4) Addition(4) Addition

informationinformation

associated withassociated with

States andStates and

ConditionsConditions

(1) Top-down(1) Top-down

((structuresstructures))

(2) Bottom-up(2) Bottom-up

((object-object-orientorienteded))

(3) Top-down(3) Top-down

bottom-upbottom-up

((CombinationCombination))

(1) Activity oriented(1) Activity oriented

((mainly top downmainly top down))

(2) Agent oriented (2) Agent oriented

((combinationcombination))

(3) Goal oriented (3) Goal oriented

((combinationcombination))

(4) Resource oriented(4) Resource oriented

(5) Organization (5) Organization OrientedOriented

Business process modelsBusiness process models

Composition of business process modComposition of business process modelsels

企業流程模型的組成元素企業流程模型的組成元素 Structured Structured Semi-structuredSemi-structured UnstructuredUnstructured


Description of business process modelsDescription of business process models企業流程模型的說明企業流程模型的說明 Functional Functional 功能 → 說明什麼必須被完成功能 → 說明什麼必須被完成 Behavioral Behavioral 行為 → 說明何時必須完成某事行為 → 說明何時必須完成某事 Informational Informational 資訊 → 說明用到哪些資料或產生哪些資料資訊 → 說明用到哪些資料或產生哪些資料 Organizational Organizational 組織 → 說明誰必須完成某事組織 → 說明誰必須完成某事 Operational Operational 作業 → 說明如何達成某事作業 → 說明如何達成某事 Interaction Interaction 互動 → 說明如何聯繫工作上的員工互動 → 說明如何聯繫工作上的員工


Building components of business procesBuilding components of business process modelss models

企業流程模型的建構元件企業流程模型的建構元件 Process stepsProcess steps 流程步驟 → 是建構流程最主要的一環，指出有什麼具體的工作要被完成，以及流程步驟 → 是建構流程最主要的一環，指出有什麼具體的工作要被完成，以及要盡何種義務要盡何種義務 Control flowControl flow 控制流 → 是控制流 → 是 Process steps Process steps 間的連接間的連接 Process agentsProcess agents 流程代理人 → 是企業中執行元素的行為者，可以是人或機器流程代理人 → 是企業中執行元素的行為者，可以是人或機器

Business process modelBusiness process model

CompositionsCompositions DescriptionsDescriptions Buliding componentsBuliding components（（ 11）） StructuredStructured（（ 22）） Semi-structuredSemi-structured（（ 33）） UnstructuredUnstructured

（（ 11）） FunctionalFunctional（（ 22）） BehaviouralBehavioural（（ 33）） InformationalInformational（（ 44 ）） OrganizationalOrganizational（（ 55 ）） OperationalOperational（（ 66 ）） InteractionInteraction

（（ 11）） Process setpsProcess setps（（ 22）） Control flowControl flow（（ 33）） Process agentsProcess agents

ConclusionConclusion

在這篇在這篇 PAPERPAPER 中，提供了很多有關企業模型建構及整合的作法說明，中，提供了很多有關企業模型建構及整合的作法說明，酸然無法將所有予以文件化，可是所提及的分類法，可用於將關鍵的觀念酸然無法將所有予以文件化，可是所提及的分類法，可用於將關鍵的觀念何主題做一個有系統的分類。何主題做一個有系統的分類。

由這篇由這篇 PAPERPAPER 可之模型的建構與整合都是高複雜性的，讀者應具有組可之模型的建構與整合都是高複雜性的，讀者應具有組織管理、工程學、電腦科學等知識，以便更了解這篇織管理、工程學、電腦科學等知識，以便更了解這篇 PAPERPAPER 。所提及的分。所提及的分類法，大多將大標題分割，之後重新組成另人較感興趣的論題，藉以降低類法，大多將大標題分割，之後重新組成另人較感興趣的論題，藉以降低文章的複雜度。文章的複雜度。

有很多文獻仍將焦點放在有很多文獻仍將焦點放在 Section 2.3 Section 2.3 ，且一直繞著企業流程建構到整，且一直繞著企業流程建構到整合打轉，就本身而言，企業模型建構與整合根據分析、設計、實行以及組合打轉，就本身而言，企業模型建構與整合根據分析、設計、實行以及組織管理整合以及企業流程整合等被歸納成 → 組織模型的建構。織管理整合以及企業流程整合等被歸納成 → 組織模型的建構。

enterprise modelling and integration: a taxonomy of seven key aspects

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