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1/12

O. Cdufavg4 Xokds`i us`a i afgtocd Vufg-Vupg Xokd. zf. 86, :?-=: (6>>?.)

:?

OKZOV CD_FAZG

XOKDX@I _X@A@I AFG\OCD V_FG-V_^G

Okvor CdufavgZcilgegri apgi 9

_L@4 767 Vufg-Vupg, afgtocd767.?( Xokd Gzvarkg zkikstvokg ciki`_r.4 6>>?-99-62

Iutar u prgcamu apgsudo pazkitu us`a`u g pcoeg`u afgtocd Vufg-Vupg `adiprgpili dolkad al kidstirgdgb brvits`gb afgtocdg. Avi so afgtocd u pgsikge la`ueoktgeipadivcdudo da u 9

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2/12

O. Cdufavg4 Xokds`i us`a i afgtocd Vufg-Vupg Xokd. zf. 86, :?-=: (6>>?.)

::

^rozgeo Vufg-Vupg eamuo do gzvostg gz rgdog rufih gcg asafo prot`i`adi do kasgci rufih, pi su Vupovi ldohi pastici Vupgg gcg Vufgg.

Egcik Kasg9 ava prozgeo pavozudo g s geokae Vufok, cit. Vufokus.Asafka geo Vufok, cit. Vufokus, mr.Vaufok kistica do al bofrods`am geoki

Voufbok, icg do ava geo voaei rgdot`a u Brviti, pi do lagsti gz avgb geokivoaei to`a dozgka gzvostg prozgeo Vufg-Vupg._ prozgeoku Vupg eaoea alvadoka praeitritg sujg`s g, `adg do

lasti ost u tvarfiei, i tid sujg`s u brvits`ae dozg`u tvarg loegkutgvo toaskavu ruf u `adad f gsprol procizg u p, pi akli geiea afcg` prozgeokiVupg `ado so oo divcdi u svadoe gzvarkgdoe g stirgdoe afcg`u Vufg6.

Vupgg su, scafalka eaoea rog, dolka al kidstirgdgb g kidpazkitgdgbbrvits`gb pcoeg`gb ralavi, palrgdotcae gz Buei, td. gz Borhomavgko, mldolikis gvo u vocg`ae fradu siea u socu Birlaegcdu `al Cdufu`am, alkaskazisoc`u Vupgg. Avid do zisoci` likis kistikdok gs`cdugva afgtocdgei s

prozgeokae Vupg.Kidstirgdg cikavg afgtocdg Vufg-Vupg geicg su afgtocds`o kilge`o

Gvikavhg g Eir`avhg, i ko`g al kdgb `adg su so lasocgcg gz soci Xoahi lafgokilgei` Itgfurg.8

Kidstirgdg pauzlikg pavgdoskg la`ueokt `adg do patvrok g u `adoe sospaegkdo ava prozgeo dost la`ueokt gz 98=9. malgko, u `adoeu so eousuhgei u Bueu kivalg g geo Kocgpo Vupgi.< Avid so ral spaegkdo g u dolkad

pavocdg fasiks`ami vocg`ii Durdi Zadsicgi, sgkavhi Brvadi Zu`giBrvitgkgi, gzlikad u mrilu @roovu u Xrolkdavdo`avkad fasiks`ad lrivg 96.srpkdi 9

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O. Cdufavg4 Xokds`i us`a i afgtocd Vufg-Vupg Xokd. zf. 86, :?-=: (6>>?.)

:=

_ spaeokutad so pavocdg ti`aor spaegkdu g Zcisg pal geokaeBirlaegcgg pi so eao protpastivgtg g li do al tami geoki g kistica geolikikdomi soci Birlaegcgi.

^azkitg lufravi`g bgstargamrij Di`av Cu`irovg (9??9.-9:9?.) zki zi

papi Xtikgscivi Vupgi `adg do kipgsia gvatapgs Xtojiki (Xtdopiki)Koeikdgi.:

Gz spaeokutgb pavgdoskgb gsprivi eao so zi`cdugtg li su Vupgg fgcggsti`kutg cdulg pcoeokgtami rali `adg su geicg g svad mrf, i afkiicg su g rizkolukastg u Bueu.=

MVF V_FGI V_^GI

(@ardokg Koargov mrfavkg` gz 9?7?.2

)

@ili su Aseikcgdo ziuzocg palrudi a`a @cgsi g ^acdghi paot`ae 9:.stacdoi, kiprivgcg su g papgso parozkgb afvozkg`i pi so u ti`vae dolkae

^rozgeo Vupg ti`aor so kicizg g u prgdovalu dolko patvroko citgks`o gsprivo `adi solikis kicizg u Vomgstru @iptacs`am irbgvi u Xpcgtu (Krus :.Ava do kidrikgdg siuvikg prgdopgs gzmufcdokam prolca`i mrfavkg`i ^otri Abeuovgi. CdulovgtMid, pazkitg pavdoskgir, dozg`ascavih g pacgtgir do avid ru`apgs kifivga u Lufravkg`u g luma mido uvia u svadad prgvitkad zfgrhg mrfavi. Likis so avid mrfavkg` kicizg u Kihgakickad gsvougcgkad `kdgkghg u Timrofu.

Mrf Vufgi-Vupgi kicizg so g u Jadkg ae mrfavkg`u, gdg do prgedori` prgdopgs dolkomrfavkgho s paot`i 9=. st., i likis so kicizg u pasdolu Jrikdovi`am sieastiki u Jadkghg (Faskig Borhomavgki). Mrf Vufgi la sili do afdivcdok u scgdologe `kdgmiei4 Jadkg g mrfavkg`,roprgkt gzlikdo, Vifgh, Xiridova, 6>>?, 9:2.0 Gvik Fadkgg, Lor Iloc @raitgok ukl Xcivakgok,Kurkform, 9277, 9:>, \. 99:.0 Fciok`i Cdufavg Okvor Cdufavg, Mrfavg g kitpgsg ki `ieokgespaeokghgei Xokdi, Xokds`a `kdgovka amkdgto, Xokd, 977:, 0 Okvor Cdufavg, Mrils`g g pcoeg`gmrfavg Xokdi, vcistgti ki`cili, Xokd, 9772, str. 99, 9:?-9:: g Okvor Cdufavg, Mrfavg pcoestvi Cg`o, Mih`o g@rfivo, Eomril Timrof, Timrof, 6>>8, 668-66?.

2 Apgs mrfi gz @ardokg-Koargovam mrfavkg`i gz 9?7?. malgko mcisg4 u hrvokae pacdu tgti`asa uloska pacaoki mroli s otgrg roli srofrka-hrvokgb piotvargki, i si svi`o striko pa dolkicivcdi mcivi. Gzkil `ihgmo usprivcdok hrvokg civ, i pcit a`a tgti do hrvokazcitik. Xvg la siliafdivcdokg mrfavg Vufgi geidu gsto cg`avo u tgtu g gstg boriclg`g apgs.

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4/12

O. Cdufavg4 Xokds`i us`a i afgtocd Vufg-Vupg Xokd. zf. 86, :?-=: (6>>?.)

:2

papgsu gz 9. malgko, td. ki`ak ascafaokdiCg`o al Aseikcgdi kisocdividu u Mih`u, Cg`u g @rfivu, mldo g likis u vocg`ae

fradu gvo pataehg tgb pazkitgb `cg`gb g sokds`gb us`a`i.9?

VIXOCDIZIKDO V_^GI _ LICEIHGD_, XOKD G CG@_

^ilae Fasko pal Aseikcgdo (9

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O. Cdufavg4 Xokds`i us`a i afgtocd Vufg-Vupg Xokd. zf. 86, :?-=: (6>>?.)

:7

Vupgg so soco sdovorkgdo proei ^asolirdu g Xokdu, i ko`g alcizo g kiliceitgks`o ata`o.

Ti vrgdoeo @iklgds`am riti Vufgg-Vupgg so gz Borhomavgko eisavkagsocdividu u a`acghu Geats`am, u edosta Cavro, mldo g likis gvo, i dolik lga u

patrizg zi sgmurkau alcizg proei earu, pi so ti`a kicizo g u zicou Xpcgtieou ekamafradkge lasocdokghgei, `adg su zfam vcistgto sgmurkastg earicgkipustgtg Borhomavgku g lasocgtg so u sgmurkgdo `ridovo.

Xc. 9. Mrf Vufgi Vupgi gz@ardokg Koargovam mrfavkg`i gz 9?7?. malgko.

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O. Cdufavg4 Xokds`i us`a i afgtocd Vufg-Vupg Xokd. zf. 86, :?-=: (6>>?.)

=>

Vupgg gcg Vufgg gz @cgsi g ^acdghi u Liceihgdg fdoo prolAseikcgdiei `ia us`ahg u mril Xokd, zidolka s pazkitge us`ahgei gus`a`ge vadvaliei Zu`isavggei g Vasiklggei, ki`ak kouspdoco pafuko@cgiki pratgv Aseikcgdi g ki`ak pili @cgsi pal Aseikcgdo a`a 9?8=.

malgko gcg kota `iskgdo.

9:

Vupgg su fgcg vao `cg`o fuko (9?2>.-9?2:.) g matava svg tg Vupgg,profdozg gz @cgsi, kisocgcg su so u utvrokg us`a`g mril Xokd, mldo su scugcg usokds`ad vadkad pasilg `ia gs`uskg vadkghg. Asge spaeokutam LegtriVupgi, al pazkitgb `cgiki spaegkdo so Kg`aci `adg do prolia @cgs sokds`geus`ahgei. ^azkit do g `cg`g zistivkg` Gvikg Vupg.

G u @cgsu, td. u tvrivkae kisocdu ziuzgeicg su zkiidki edosti uvadkad bgdorirbgdg g fgcg kopro`glka cikavg sticko vadko pasilo, i gsti`kucg suso `ia brifrg frikgtocdg @cgsi tgdo`ae apsdolikdi utvrokam mrili alAseikcgdi.

_ Xokdu su ucg u sticku vadku pasilu `ia gs`uskg vadkghg pi ufrzarizvgdidu u ^rgeardu voi kisocdi u Difcikhu, Xvotae Durdu g Lakdoe Timaku

`al Kavam Zgkalacs`am. _mcivkae su gvdocg `ia vadkghg u ekamafradkgetvrivkge kisocdgei ki avaeo palrudu zidolka si svadge afgtocdgei.

Eou us`a`ge vaiei 9?7=. malgko, asge spaeokutam LegtriVufgi, spaegkdo so us`a`g `koz Kg`aci Vufg, i patae ki ata`u gpiku

pa`rid Lufravkg`i 9:>9. g us`a` Firo Vufg, `adg do pamgkua u farfieigzeou sokds`gb us`a`i g Lufraviki.9=

@ili do zcamciskg sokds`g `aeosir Dasgp Vifitti zifrikga vadkg`uscufu akge us`ahgei `adg su btdocg prolitg @cgs u ru`o Xokdiki, eoukidgsti`kutgdge `cg`ge vadkghgei kivolokg su Eg`uci g Gvikg Vufg-Vupg, gdg o so pataehg `iskgdo kisocgtg gz Xokdi Mih`u g Cg`u.92

Malgko 9:96. gz avami vocg`am rali u Xokdu so spaegkdu vadvali

Firtac Vufg

g `koz Kg`aci Vufg, malgko 9:

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O. Cdufavg4 Xokds`i us`a i afgtocd Vufg-Vupg Xokd. zf. 86, :?-=: (6>>?.)

=6

Gz Xokdi su kisocgcg ^almardo (Difcikih), i gz ^almardi kisocdividu^izirgti, Cavgkih, ^orug, _lfgku g Xegcdik to so egdoidu s fukdovi`geralavgei, `adg su kisocgcg to` ascafaoku Cg`u al Aseikcgdi.

Likis Vupgg gvo u Fciikgei, Eicae @utu g Xortggei, ki

frgkds`ae palrudu, i u Cghg u Eozgkavhu, Zocg`ad ^cikg, Vista`iei,Afcidhu g Fugeu. _ Vista`iei u Cghg do 9789. malgko proei palithgei gz

papgsi stikavkgtvi gvdoca 97 afgtocdg Vupgi.Dolki mriki Vupgi `ridoe 92. stacdoi kisocdivi `rid a`a Xgs`i g

^otrgkdo. Vupgi da gei u Atirgdiei, Ealruu, Xtirad @rcdg, Vi`avghg gXcukdu, u Eukdivg Ealru`ad g Loseorghiei `al Amucgki, u LakdoeTimaku `al Kavam Zgkalacs`am, to u Xvotae Durdu g Difcikhu `al Xokdi.

Li`co, ava prozgeo do u vocg`ae fradu zistupcdoka u prgears`ad,cg`ad, liceitgks`ad g borhomavi`a-fukdovi`ad mrikg.

_ Vopufcghg Brvits`ad (proei papgsu stikavkgtvi gz 97> cikavi. X prozgeokaeVufg fgca do kasgtocdi avami prozgeoki.6:

^roei papgsu stikavkgtvi gz 978>. malgko Vupgg su gvdocg kiata`ae palrudu (6? afgtocdg), frgkds`ae g cavgki`ae (68), ^almardu (9=),Xegcdiku (9:), ^orugu (96), ^izirgtu (=), _lfgkg (7), Mcgkg (9), @astidkghg(8), ^otrgkdg (7), Xgs`u (9), @utgkg (9>), Mirokghg (9), izeg (8), Fdocaviru(?), Kavs`ad (:), Xcitgkg (8), Zgru (9), Mrilg`g (6), Xcivaks`ae Fralu (2),upikdg (99), i`avu (8), ^aomg (-gb malgki pracami stacdoi Vupgo kicizgea gsocdoko uXcivakgdg, Fikgdg, ^alukivcdu to a`a Fdocaviri, izeo g @utgko.62

Al cikavi afgtocdg Vupg u Xokdu kidpazkitgdg do fga sokds`g sulihGvik Vupg gz 92. stacdoi.

Gvik Vufg

do geia u Xokdu afgtocds`u `uu `adi do gzmri

oki u 9=.stacdou, i kicizgci so u fcgzgkg zmrilo Xokds`o fgs`upgdo.67 @ui do fgci dolki

al facdgb u mrilu, dor do Gvik `ia mrils`g sulih g pcoeg prgpilia sokds`aepitrghgditu g fga umcolkg mriikgk Xokdi. Ekamo `uo geukgb sokds`gbpcoeg`gb afgtocdg geidu famita g rocdojka gs`cosiko mrfavo ki `ieokgeparticgei. Ki ucizkae particu kdomavo afgtocds`o `uo kicizga so `ieokg mrf

6:Co`sg` prozgeoki, 97=:, ?:2-?=-929.67 F. CD_FAZG O. CD_FAZG, 977:,

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O. Cdufavg4 Xokds`i us`a i afgtocd Vufg-Vupg Xokd. zf. 86, :?-=: (6>>?.)

=8

s kitpgsae g malgkae 9=6:. Ki lku gs`cosikam mrfi, s afdo striko, gs`cosikado geo4 MGAZIKKG V_FHGHB. 8>

@ieokg mrf s kitpgsae gs`cosik do al `cosikam vipkokhi.

@IEOKG MVF XOKDX@AM X_HI G ^COEGI GZIKI V_F

GI(MGAZIKKG VZFHGHB)

Likis so kicizg u tvrivg Kobid u Xokdu. _ pacu`rukae tgtu gs`cosikdo `rgcitg civ `adg u cgdovad ipg lrg trg hvgdoti. Gzkil tgti gs`cosiki doaseora`ri`i zvgdozli g `ihgmi s `apae `adi do u`rioki g s atvarokge dovgzgrae. Gzkil `ihgmo si striko tgti gs`cosik do citgks`g to`st4 MGAZIKKGVZFHGHB 9=6:. MZLGKO

Xiuvik do g afgtocds`g mrf Vupgi s mrci hgstorko gz lvargti kdgbavoafgtocds`o `uo.

Kg`aci Vufg fga do pazkitg vadvali sokds`gb us`a`i `adg so gsti`kuau ekamge farfiei s Aseikcgdiei u Cghg g lgcdoe Zadko `ridgko.

_ pazkitae pgseu mriiki Xokdi upuokae vocg`ae sokds`ae`ipotiku mraju Vulacju Olcgkmu u svozg s fukae gz 9:72. malgko pratgv

pazkito sokds`o afgtocdg Zu`isavg kicizo so geoki Gvo g Zu`i Vufgi. Avidpaliti` kis upuudo li su Vufgg fgci zkieokgti sokds`i mriiks`i afgtocddor su fgcg upgsikg u prata`ac sokds`gb mriiki `ia pitrghgds`i afgtocd.

Ekamg su cikavg avo afgtocdg luma malgki scugcg `ia vadkghg g iskghgu Cg`ad, Ata`ad g Amucgks`ad mrikgirs`ad pu`avkgdg, i ekamg su al kdgbzfam rovkastg u gzvrivikdu vadkg`gb lukastg fgcg g alcg`avikg kidvggeiustrgds`ge vadkg`ge alcgdgei.

_ fadu s Vusgei `al Zgtofs`i (6:. srpkdi 9296.) u pastradfieijrikhus`o vads`o Kipacoaki Fakapirtoi suldocavicg su g "cg`g mrikitgrg", ieou pamgkucge cg`ge vadkghgei fga do g dolik iustrgds`g iskg` Vufg.89

Geo iustrgds`am parukg`i Gviki Vufgi kicizg so u papgsu iskg`i99. segcdiks`o `uepikgdo `adg su scugcg u Cg`ad mrikgirs`ad pu`avkgdg alkdozgki askut`i 9= Likis so avid `ieokg mrf s kitpgsae kicizg ki tvrivg Kobid u Xokdu, u zfgrhg `ieokgb

mrfavi pazkitgb sokds`gb pcoeokgti`gb afgtocdg.89 I. \AECDOKAZG, 6>>8, :6.86 E. DI^_KG, 978?, 6>, 66-6

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10/12

O. Cdufavg4 Xokds`i us`a i afgtocd Vufg-Vupg Xokd. zf. 86, :?-=: (6>>?.)

=>?.)

=?

Cgtorituri

Ibeol X. ICGG, ^ageokgkg papgs sikli`i g vgcidoti Borhomavgko, Argdoktickggkstgtut Xiridova, 972?.

Xtdopik FIFG, \varfi rgdog u brvits`ae `kdgovkae dozg`u, BIT_, GG. gzlikdo,

Timrof, 9779.Gva FIKIH, Mrfavg-fgcdozg gloktgtoti, MTB, Timrof, 9779.Gvik FADKGG,Lorr Iloc vak @raitgok ukl Xcivakgok, Kurkform, 9277.Jadkg g mrfavkg`(protgsi`), Vifgh, Xiridova, 6>>?.Jrikda Ducgdo JVIX, \apamrijgdi @ircavi o vadko `ridgko, Cg`o upo (protgsi`),

Maspg, 9722.Egcik DI^_KG, Cgikg ajghgrg u Cg`ad mrikgirs`ad romgeoktg al 9=, 66-68.Egco EIMLG, \apamrijgdi g pavgdost Amucgki, EB Amucgk (protgsi`), Amucgk, 977:.Jrikda EG@CAG, Eakueokti Xorfghi, spohtiktgi bgstargie Xorfgio, Faskio,

Vimusgg, Zgokio-Fo, 92?2.Iklrgdi @IG EGAG,Vizmavar umalkg kirali scavgks`am, XKC, Timrof, 9722.Egcik KAXG, Iktrapakgegdi Tipilko Borhomavgko (koafdivcdokg ru`apgs),

Xvougcgto u Timrofu, Timrof, 972?.Xtdopik ^IZGG, Xoafo g kisocdi u Cghg, Tfarkg` zi kiralkg gvat g afgido, `kdgmi

>8.Ikto _DOZG,Geats`i `ridgki, EB Geats`g, Geats`g, 9779.

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O. Cdufavg4 Xokds`i us`a i afgtocd Vufg-Vupg Xokd. zf. 86, :?-=: (6>>?.)

=:

XOKDOV _X@A@OV JIEGCGO V_FG-V_^G

Tusieeokjissukm

Gk lgosoe Irtg`oc foshbrogft lor Iutar ogko sobr fo`ikkto _s`a`or ukl IlocsjiegcgoVufg-Vupg, lgo zu ogkor lor ctostok `raitgshbok Jiegcgo mobrt. Gk lok shbrgjtcghbokLa`ueoktok orshbogkt lgoso Jiegcgo kahb ge 9