environmental controls i/ig lecture 13 solar geometry shading strategies
TRANSCRIPT
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Environmental Controls I/IGEnvironmental Controls I/IG
Lecture 13Solar Geometry
Shading Strategies
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Sun PositionSun Position
Can be described by two angles:
Altitude
Azimuth
S: p. 1514, T.C.12
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Solar AnglesSolar Angles
Describe the sun position relative to a vertical surface
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Solar Altitude: Solar Altitude: ββ (beta) (beta)
Vertical angle to sun position
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Solar Azimuth: Solar Azimuth: ΦΦ (phi) (phi)
Horizontal bearing angle from south
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Surface Azimuth: Surface Azimuth: ΨΨ (psi) (psi)
Surface horizontal bearing angle from south
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Surface Solar Azimuth: Surface Solar Azimuth: γγ (gamma)(gamma)
Angle between solar and surface azimuths
γ = Φ - Ψ
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Sign ConventionsSign Conventions
Angles east of south are negative
Angles west of south are positive
+ -
S
-90º90º
0º
-45º45º
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Calculating Surface Solar Calculating Surface Solar AzimuthAzimuth
γ = Φ – Ψ
For example:
Building façade is oriented south east (Ψ =-45º)
Solar azimuth (ϕ) is 30º west of south
γ = 30º – (-45º) = 75º
Note: |γ|≥ 90º, façade in shade
-45º30º
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Profile Angle: Profile Angle: ΩΩ (omega) (omega)
Defines limits of shade conditions
For horizontal projections:
TAN(Ω)=TAN(β) / COS(Y)
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Profile Angle: Profile Angle: ΩΩ (omega) (omega)
For horizontal projections:
SH=PH TAN(Ω)
where,PH: width of enclosing side of
horizontal projection
SH: height of shadow below horizontal projection
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Profile Angle: Profile Angle: ΩΩ (omega) (omega)
Defines limits of shade conditions
For vertical projections:
TAN(Ω)=TAN(Y)
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Profile Angle: Profile Angle: ΩΩ (omega) (omega)
For vertical projections:
Sw=Pv TAN(Y)
where,Pv: width of enclosing side of vertical projection
Sw: width of shadow beyond vertical projection
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Sizing Horizontal ProjectionsSizing Horizontal ProjectionsEstablish fenestration pattern and determine size of openings
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Sizing Horizontal ProjectionsSizing Horizontal Projections
Determine cut off date and time for solar penetration
Mar 21 @10 AM solar time
Determine surface azimuth
Due south, Ψ=0º
Determine required shadow height
SH=6’
?
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Sizing Horizontal ProjectionsSizing Horizontal ProjectionsEstablish profile (Ω) angles for the solstices at solar noon using surface solar azimuth (Y = Φ –Ψ).
At solar noon (Φ=0º) and for L=40º, Ψ=0º:
12/21 β=90-23.5-L=26.5ºTAN(Ωw)=TAN(β)/COS(Y)
Ωw=26.5º
6/21 β=90+23.5-L=73.5ºTAN(Ωs)=TAN(β)/COS(Y)
Ωs=73.5º
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Sizing Horizontal ProjectionsSizing Horizontal ProjectionsEstablish profile (Ω) angles for cut off date and time using surface solar azimuth (Y = Φ –Ψ).
At 10 AM solar time and for L=40º, Ψ=0º:
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Sizing Horizontal Sizing Horizontal ProjectionsProjections
Mar 21 @10 AM Solar Timeβ= 41.6º Φ= -41.9º
Y=Φ-ΨY=-41.9º-0º=-41.9º
S: p. 1514, T.C.12
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Sizing Horizontal ProjectionsSizing Horizontal ProjectionsEstablish profile (Ω) angles for cut off date and time using surface solar azimuth (Y = Φ –Ψ).
At 10 AM solar time and for L=40º, Ψ=0º:
3/21 β=41.6º Y=-41.9ºTAN(Ω)=TAN(β)/COS(Y)
TAN(Ω)= 0.888/0.744= 1.19
Ω=50º
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Sizing Horizontal ProjectionsSizing Horizontal Projections
Given SH = 6’ and
SH=PH Tan(Ω)
Solve for PH
PH=SH/TAN(Ω)
PH=6/1.19=5.04’ ~ 5’-0 ½”
say 5’-0”
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Solar EnvelopeSolar EnvelopeReduce horizontal projections by adding horizontal louvers in a vertical screen
Ω
LouverSpacing
Ph
Sh
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Sizing Horizontal ProjectionsSizing Horizontal Projections
ΩS
H
S
Spacing (S)= H/TAN(ΩS)
If H=12’’, then S=12/TAN(ΩS)=3.55” say 3½”
Note: method does not include louver thickness
Use the summer solstice profile angle (ΩS) to determine spacing of vertical louvers
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Sizing Horizontal ProjectionsSizing Horizontal Projections
ΩS
H
S
Spacing (S)= H/TAN(ΩS)
If H=12’’, then S=12/TAN(ΩS)=3.55” say 3½”
Note: method does not include louver thickness
Use the summer solstice profile angle (ΩS) to determine spacing of reverse inclined louvers
2S
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Lateral PenetrationLateral Penetration
Mar 21 at 10 AM solar time
β
When Y≠0º, lateral penetration occurs at an angle = β
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Lateral Penetration Lateral Penetration SolutionsSolutions
Extend projection bilaterally
β
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Lateral Penetration Lateral Penetration SolutionsSolutions
Install vertical component bilaterally
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ΩS
Ω
ΩW
Critical Angle AnalysisCritical Angle Analysis
Critical angles define solar aperture height (SAH)
SAH
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Sizing Vertical ProjectionsSizing Vertical Projections
SW=|PVTAN(Y)|
or
PV=|SW/TAN(Y)|
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Sizing Vertical ProjectionsSizing Vertical Projections
On Mar 21 @ 10 AM (Y=-41.9º), if SW=6’
what should PV be to shade window
PV=|SW/TAN(Y)|
PV=|6/-1.115|=5.4’ ~5’-5”
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Shading Shading StrategiesStrategies
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Shading Devices – OverviewShading Devices – Overview
South Façade: Horizontal overhang or Brise-soleil
San Cristobal Stables
The Capital (Chandigarh)
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Shading Devices –OverviewShading Devices –Overview
East/West Façade: Vertical fins angled to the north and/or Brise-soleil
Keio University Graduate School Research Center
Monastery of Ste Marie de La Tourette
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Shading Devices –OverviewShading Devices –Overview
North Façade: Vertical fins (used in hot climates only)
L: p. 559 fig. 17.10b
Phoenix Central Library
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Shading Devices – TectonicsShading Devices – Tectonics
VerticalLouvers or Screens
John Deere Headquarters, Moline IL Jewett Art Center, Wellesley, MA
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Shading Devices – TectonicsShading Devices – Tectonics
HorizontalSolid and louvered planes, projections or recesses
Paimio Sanatorium, Finland
Getty Center Los Angeles, CA
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Shading Devices –Shading Devices –TectonicsTectonics
Sculptural FormThickness Projections Screens
Beach House, Lido Shores, FL
Unity Temple, Oak Park, IL
Obayashi Tokyo Design Center
Reynolds Aluminum Building, Detroit, MI
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