序Foreword

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簡介Introduction

20

地質公園概念Geopark Concept

22

地質公園..........................................Geopark

22

中國國家地質公園.............................National Geoparks of China

22

世界地質公園網絡.............................Global Geoparks Network

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世界地質公園...................................Global Geopark

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地質公園傳意守則.............................Dos & Don’ts in Geopark Communications

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香港國家地質公園及保護區制度Hong Kong National Geopark and the Protection Area System

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香港國家地質公園.............................Hong Kong National Geopark

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管理及規劃概念................................Planning and Management Principles

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核心保護區.......................................Core Protection Areas

28

特別保護區.......................................Special Protection Areas

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綜合保護區.......................................Integrated Protection Areas

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郊野公園及特別地區.........................Country Parks and Special Areas

34

海岸公園及海岸保護區......................Marine Parks and Marine Reserve

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具特殊科學價值地點.........................Site of Special Scientific Interest

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園區及景區Rock Regions and Geo-Areas

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西貢火山岩園區................................Sai Kung Volcanic Rock Region

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糧船灣景區High Island Geo-Area

甕缸群島景區Ung Kong Group Geo-Area

果洲群島景區Ninepin Group Geo-Area

44

橋咀洲景區Sharp Island Geo-Area

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新界東北沉積岩園區.........................Northeast New Territories Sedimentary Rock Region

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東平洲景區Tung Ping Chau Geo-Area

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印洲塘景區Double Haven Geo-Area

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赤門景區Tolo Channel Geo-Area

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赤洲－黃竹角咀景區Port Island – Bluff Head Geo-Area

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遊客設施Visitor Facilities

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鴨洲地質步道（計劃中）.....................Ap Chau Geo Trail (under planning)

56

萬宜地質步道...................................High Island Geo Trail

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吉澳自然步道（計劃中）.....................Kat O Nature Trail (under planning)

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荔枝莊地質步道（計劃中）..................Lai Chi Chong Geo Trail (under planning)

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荔枝窩自然步道................................Lai Chi Wo Nature Trail

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馬屎洲自然教育徑.............................Ma Shi Chau Nature Trail

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平洲環島郊遊徑................................Ping Chau Country Trail

58

橋咀洲地質步道................................Sharp Island Geo Trail

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大浪灣遠足徑...................................Tai Long Wan Hiking Trail

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新界東北海路漫遊.............................Boat Tour of the Northeast New Territories

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西貢島嶼海路漫遊.............................Boat Tour of the Sai Kung Islands

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地質公園遊客中心.............................Geopark Visitor Centre

68

岩石學園..........................................Rock Academy

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郊野公園之友會................................荔枝窩地質教育中心Friends of the Country Parks Lai Chi Wo Geoheritage Centre

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蓬瀛仙館吉澳地質教育中心...............Fung Ying Seen Koon Kat O Geoheritage Centre

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西貢地質文化資訊中心......................Sai Kung Geoheritage Information Centre

70

大埔地質教育中心.............................Tai Po Geoheritage Centre

70

基礎地球科學及地質多樣性Basic Earth Sciences and Geodiversity

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地質年代..........................................Geological Time Scale

72

香港地理及地質歷史.........................Geography and Geological History of Hong Kong

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香港的地質年代表.............................Geological.Time.Scale.of.Hong.Kong.

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岩石循環..........................................Rock Cycle

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噴出火成岩（火山岩）Extrusive Igneous Rocks (Volcanic Rocks)

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侵入火成岩（侵入岩）Intrusive Igneous Rocks (Intrusive Rocks)

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沉積岩Sedimentary Rocks

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變質岩Metamorphic Rocks

106

礦物................................................. .Minerals

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石英Quartz

108

長石Feldspar

120

雲母Mica

122

方解石Calcite

124

摩氏表............................................. .Mohs Scale

86

化石................................................. .Fossils

88

板塊運動..........................................Plate Tectonics

88

斷層Faults

132

褶曲Folds

134

風化作用..........................................Weathering

92

物理風化Physical Weathering

138

化學風化Chemical Weathering

140

生物風化Biological Weathering

142

河溪................................................. .River and Stream

96

瀑布及跌水潭Waterfalls and Plunge Pools

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壺穴Potholes

148

海岸................................................. .Coast

98

岬角與海灣Headlands and Bays

154

海蝕崖和海蝕平台Sea Cliffs and Wave-cut Platforms

156

海蝕洞Sea Caves

158

海蝕拱Sea Arches

160

海蝕柱Sea Stacks

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海灘Beaches

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連島沙洲Tombolos

168

河口泥灘Estuary Mudflats

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生物多樣性Biodiversity

106

什麼是生物多樣性.............................What.is.Biodiversity

106

香港的生物多樣性.............................Biodiversity.of.Hong.Kong.

106

鳥類Birds

174

淡水魚Freshwater Fish

176

蝴蝶Butterflies

178

蜻蜓Dragonflies

180

兩棲類Amphibians

182

爬行類Reptiles

184

哺乳類Mammals

186

風水林Fung Shui Woods

188

海草床Seagrass Beds

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珊瑚群落Coral Communities

192

石珊瑚Stony Corals

194

紅樹林Mangroves

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人文歷史Cultural History

130

香港的人文歷史................................Cultural History of Hong Kong

130

圍村與客家圍屋Walled Villages and Hakka Enclosed Round Houses

198

荔枝窩Lai Chi Wo

200

塔門Grass Island

202

吉澳Kat O

204

天后誕Tin Hau Festival

206

糧船灣天后廟Tin Hau Temple on High Island

208

漁村與漁民Fishing Villages and Fishermen

210

西貢焦點Highlights of Sai Kung

144

地理概述..........................................Overview of the Geography

144

岩石概述..........................................Overview of the Rocks

146

六角形岩柱Hexagonal Rock Columns

218

條紋斑雜岩Eutaxite

220

火山角礫岩Volcanic Breccia

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大浪灣............................................. .Tai Long Wan

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望魚角............................................. .Mong Yue Kok

152

蚺蛇尖............................................. .Sharp Peak

154

萬宜水庫..........................................High Island Reservoir

154

扭曲的六角形岩柱Twisted Hexagonal Rock Columns

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斷層角礫帶Fault Breccia Zone

234

破邊洲............................................. .Po Pin Chau

160

橋咀洲............................................. .Sharp Island

162

火山角礫岩與條紋斑雜岩Volcanic Breccia and Eutaxite

240

流紋岩Rhyolite

242

石英二長岩Quartz Monzonite

244

鹽田仔............................................. .Yim Tin Tsai

166

聖若瑟小堂St. Joseph’s Chapel

248

滘西洲............................................. .Kau Sai Chau

168

甕缸群島..........................................Ung Kong Group

170

火石洲Basalt Island

四大名洞Four Famous Caves

254

糧船灣............................................. .High Island

172

果洲群島..........................................Ninepin Group

172

大炮石與月球崖Cannon Rock and Moon Rocks

260

大灶口Big Stove Arch

264

虎口大洞與最小的天后廟Tiger Mouth Cave and the Smallest Tin Hau Temple

266

東龍洲............................................. .Tung Lung Chau

178

南堂石塔Nam Tong Stone Tower

270

鐵砧石Anvil Stone

270

釣魚翁............................................. .High Junk Peak

180

新界東北焦點Highlights of the Northeast New Territories

182

地理概述..........................................Overview of the Geography

182

岩石概述..........................................Overview of the Rocks

184

岩石種類及分布................................Rock Types and Distribution

186

馬屎洲............................................. .Ma Shi Chau

186

香腸狀構造Boudinage Structure

石英脈Quartz Veins

愚人金（黃鐵礦）Fool’s Gold (Pyrite)

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企嶺下海..........................................Three Fathoms Cove

190

三杯酒............................................. .Sam Pui Chau

190

深涌................................................. .Sham Chung

192

赤門海峽..........................................Tolo Channel

192

大埔海珍珠.......................................Pearls of Tai Po Hoi

192

採珠歷史History of Diving for Pearls

養珠Pearl Culture

珍珠之形成Formation of Pearls

船灣淡水湖.......................................Plover Cove Reservoir

196

老虎笏............................................. .Lo Fu Wat

198

荔枝莊............................................. .Lai Chi Chong

200

沉凝灰岩Tuffite

燧石質粉砂岩Cherty Siltstone

鳳凰笏與水警屏障.............................Fung Wong Wat and Police Barrier

202

黃竹角咀..........................................Bluff Head

204

「鬼手岩」“Devil’s Fist”

「火紅海岸」 “The Flame of the Coast”

往灣洲............................................. .Double Island

206

紅石門............................................. .Hung Shek Mun

208

印洲塘............................................. .Double Haven

210

「印塘六寶」“Six Treasures of Double Haven”

印洲塘海岸公園Yan Chau Tong Marine Park

荔枝窩特別地區................................Lai Chi Wo Special Area

214

通心樹Hollow Tree

五指樟Five-fingered Camphor

銀葉古樹Coastal Heritiera

白花魚藤White-flowered Derris

鶴山寺與協天宮Hok Shan Temple and Hip Tin Temple

祠堂Ancestral Halls

新界東北古村Ancient Villages of the Northeast New Territories

娥眉洲............................................. .Ngo Mei Chau

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吉澳................................................. .Kat O

222

天后宮Tin Hau Temple

姻緣樹Yan Yuen Tree

兩廣總督石碑Stone Tablet by the Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi Provinces

黃幌山Wong Fong Shan

鴨洲................................................. .Ap.Chau.

230

紅色角礫岩Red Breccia

「鴨眼」海蝕拱“Duck’s Eye” Sea Arch

鹽田港............................................. .Yantian Port

232

東平洲............................................. .Tung Ping Chau

234

東平洲海岸公園Tung Ping Chau Marine Park

香港最年輕的岩石The Youngest Rocks of Hong Kong

海岸地貌Coastal Landforms

斬頸洲Cham Keng Chau

更樓石Kang Lau Shek

龍落水Lung Lok Shui

赤洲................................................. .Port Island

240

塔門................................................. .Grass Island

240

塔門孝子角Hau Tsz Kok of Grass Island

地質公園導賞員制度Geopark Guide System

244

初級地質公園導賞員.........................Basic Geopark Guides (B2G)

244

獲推薦準地質公園導賞員...................Provisional Recommended Geopark Guides (R2G)

244

香港國家地質公園導賞員的承諾.........Commitments of a Hong Kong National Geopark Guide

246

導賞解說的主要準備步驟Major Steps in Setting Up a Geotour

248

遊覽香港地質景點守則Code for Visiting Geosites in Hong Kong

250

經營者守則Code for Operators

252

參考資料References

254

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序 Foreword

香港國家地質公園 — 地質公園導賞員手冊 HONG KONG NATIONAL GEOPARK — HANDBOOK FOR GEOPARK GUIDES

自從香港國家地質公園於 2009 年 11 月 3 日正式開幕以來，六角形火山岩柱群及沉積岩開始走進尋常

百姓家。登入互聯網，在遊客或遠足人士的網誌或討論區會發現很多獨特、美麗的岩石及地貌相片。香港國家地質公園已經成為香港市民引以自豪的生活領土，更成為他們保護地球資源的一個重要象徵。

雖然香港的土地面積只有 1,104 平方公里，卻擁有豐富的地質和生物多樣性。一直以來，香港的自然保育工作所取得的成效有目共睹。然而，一般市民對地質保育的概念還是比較陌生，地質多樣性較少受到普羅大眾的關注。隨著近年世界各地對地質保育廣泛關注，認同保育地質多樣性是自然保育不可或缺的一部分，保育地貌及岩石的種子在香港也逐漸萌芽成長，香港地質公園應運而生。

2008 年 10 月，行政長官曾蔭權與市民許下一段「金石盟」，在《施政報告》中正式公布香港會在《郊野公園條例》及《海岸公園條例》的機制下設立地質公園，多方面的準備工作也陸續展開。香港特別行政區政府首先向中國國土資源部申報香港地質公園為國家級地質公園，漁農自然護理署（漁護署）也展開地質公園的設施規劃、員工培訓、知識基建、公眾宣傳等各項工作。

為了加強公眾對地質多樣性和地貌的認識，漁護署在各景區設立了新的導賞及教育設施，包括萬宜地質步道、橋咀洲地質步道、荔枝窩自然步道、蕉坑獅子會自然教育中心的岩石學園等。

Hexagonal volcanic rock columns and sedimentary rocks have found their way into ordinary families

since Hong Kong National Geopark was officially opened on 3 November 2009. If you enter the blogs or forums of hikers or tourists on the Internet, you can easily find many albums of Hong Kong’s extraordinary landforms and rocks. Hong Kong National Geopark has become the pride of Hong Kong citizens and an important symbol of Hong Kong’s efforts to protect the Earth’s resources.

Despite its size of only 1,104 km2, Hong Kong boasts great geodiversity and biodiversity. Although Hong Kong has made significant achievements in nature conservation over the years, the general public are not familiar with the concept of geoconservation and pay little attention to geodiversity. As countries around the world have begun to place more emphasis on geoconservation in recent years and recognize the importance of geodiversity as an indispensable element in nature conservation, the concept of conserving our landscapes and geological attractions is gaining popularity, which led to the establishment of Hong Kong Geopark.

In October 2008, Chief Executive Donald Tsang Yam-Kuen made promise to the public by announcing in his Policy Address that Hong Kong would set up a geopark under the Country Parks Ordinance and Marine Parks Ordinance. Soon afterwards, preparations began on many fronts, including an application to the Ministry of Land and Resources of the People’s Republic of China for listing Hong Kong Geopark as a national geopark. To this end, the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department (AFCD) undertook a number of tasks, including facilities planning, staff training, knowledge building and publicity.

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序 Foreword

香港國家地質公園 — 地質公園導賞員手冊 HONG KONG NATIONAL GEOPARK — HANDBOOK FOR GEOPARK GUIDES

地質公園的設立，需要漁護署與其他政府部門、環保組織、專上院校、地區團體及專業人士等合作。除了成立由不同專業人士組成的地質公園專責小組，就香港地質公園申報成為國家地質公園的有關事宜提供意見外，漁護署更透過環保組織及地區團體的協助，在大埔三門仔、荔枝窩及吉澳設立了三個地質教育中心。漁護署也邀請多位中國地質專家為前線員工提供基礎地質培訓及野外考察的機會，進一步加強地質知識的建立。科普方面，漁護署與本地及內地地質學者編寫了一系列考察指南，也為中、小學教師安排了多次地質研討會及工作坊。

「如教堂的風琴，似赤漠城堡；如接連的拱橋要削掉 移倒。」香港國家地質公園有自己的主題歌曲，歌名為

《近在咫尺》。歌曲內容除了帶出地質多樣性及岩石保育信息外，更帶出香港國家地質公園的一大優點：近在咫尺，突顯地質公園就坐落於香港這個大都會之中。

In order to make the public better understand geodiversity and landforms, the AFCD installed new facilities in geo-areas for guided appreciation and education, including the High Island Geo Trail, Sharp Island Geo Trail, Lai Chi Wo Nature Trail, the Rock Academy at Lions Nature Education Centre in Tsiu Hang.

Establishing the Geopark required the concerted efforts of the AFCD, other government departments, environmental organizations, tertiary institutions, local groups and other professionals. In addition to setting up a task force with representatives from different professions to provide advice on the nomination of Hong Kong Geopark as a national geopark, the AFCD established three geoheritage centres at Sam Mun Tsai in Tai Po, Lai Chi Wo and Kat O with the help of environmental organizations and local groups. To further enhance knowledge building, the AFCD also invited geological specialists from the Mainland to provide frontline staff with basic

geological training and opportunities for field trips. To promote science popularization among the public, the AFCD worked with local and the Mainland geologists in compiling a series of field guides and organized a number of training seminars and workshops for primary and secondary school teachers.

“Like an organ in a church and a castle in a desert; like an arch bridge which is to be removed.” Hong Kong National Geopark also has its own theme song titled Close to You. In addition to conveying the message of

破邊洲海蝕柱 Po Pin Chau sea stack