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국제 탄소시장과 탄소옵셋프로그램

고재윤고재윤

처장처장

환경관리공단 지구환경팀

환경관리공단환경관리공단 지구환경처지구환경처

CONTENTSCONTENTS

1.1. 국제국제

탄소시장탄소시장

2.2. 해외의해외의

탄소탄소

옵셋옵셋

프로그램프로그램

3.3. 환경부환경부

탄소포인트탄소포인트

제도제도


CONTENTSCONTENTS

1.1. 국제국제


2. 해외의 탄소옵셋 프로그램

3. 환경부 탄소포인트 제도


배출권(EUA), 저감권(CERs, ERUs)을

매개로한

준수

시장(Compliance Market) 형성

이후

저감권(VERs)을

매개로한

자발적

시장(Voluntary Market)으로

확대

형성(’06년

이후)

국제

탄소시장(Carbon Market)의

태동

2006년

국제탄소시장

거래량과

가격(출처: UNFCCC)

국제국제



2007년은

거래규모

2,676 MtCO2,

거래가치

400억

유로(약

57조원)을

기록하여

2006년대비

1.8배

성장(가치

기준

EUAs

: 70%, CERs: 29%)

국제

탄소시장의

현재

모습

국제국제


•2006년 기준


미래

탄소시장의

환경

-

2030년까지

저탄소사회로

의

강제적

지속

성장이

예상

• 석탄층

메탄회수(Coal bed/mine methane), HFC/PFC 처분

등

Non-CO2

저감시장은

지속

축소

•에너지효율/연료전환(2,000 MtCO2

e), 탄소포집저장

(1,200 MtCO2e)이

큰

시장

으로

확대

예상

국제국제



•2010년 이후 미래 탄소시장은 발리로드

맵(Bali action plan, ’07.12) 결정사항에

근거하여 시장 다양성 확대 전망

•준수 거래시장의 성장과 CDM, JI시장

성장, 국제 표준화된 자발적 거래시장

(Inter V-ETS) 및 국가단위 자발적 탄소

시장(Domestic v-ETS, Carbon offset)

으로 확대 성장 전망

미래

탄소시장의

모습

국제국제



IPCC WG3 2007 Summary for Policymakers

빌딩(가정, 상업)의

분야에

국가들이

선택한

저감

정책, 수단사례

자발적

옵셋시장

내

가정, 상업의

저감달성

방안

국제국제


•전자제품 규정과 라벨링

•빌딩 규정과 인증

•수요측면의 관리프로그램

•정부조달을 포함한 공공부분의 지도적 프로그램

•에너지 서비스 회사(ESCOs)에 대한 인센티브


국제국제


-IPCC WG3 2007 Technical Summary

-건물, 즉

가정과

상업부문의

감축

부분이

가장

크게

분석됨

자발적

시장

내

가정, 상업의

저감

잠재량


CONTENTSCONTENTS

1. 국제탄소시장

2.2. 해외의해외의

탄소옵셋탄소옵셋


3. 환경부 탄소포인트제도


해외의해외의



일본

환경성

carbon offsets initiative

-

’07년

12월

초안마련

후

’08년

2월

지침

발표

•Carbon offsets은

개인과

산업이

온실가스

배출을

피하거나

감축활

동을

하는

것

•상쇄를

위한

방법은

자신의

배출량

만큼

credits 구매

•Credits 판매금은

신재생에너지

투

자

또는

배출량

감축활동에

사용

•Offset credits은

’09년

JVETS와

연계

예정


해외의해외의



일본


탄소

오프셋

제도

모식도

일본

환경성



해외의해외의



UK carbon credits card

-

UK 환경비서관

Miliband

제

안(’06.12)

•5년 이내에 시행 준비 중

•UK 정부는

배출량의

44%를

가스, 전력과

수송의

개인

소

비에서

발생한다고

평가

•모든

시민은

탄소크레딧을

할

당 받고 가스, 연료 등 상품

구입시

카드에서

크레딧

차감

•상품

구매에

필요한

탄소량

부족시

타인으로부터

구매(개

인

탄소

거래제

발생)


해외의해외의



항공부분

carbon offsets 프로그램

-영국항공

`05년부터

시행

•여행객들이

선택적으로

항공사의

탄소옵셋

프로그램에

참여하고

자

신의

배출량에

대한

상쇄

비용을

항공권

구매

비용과

합산하여

지불

•영국항공, 케세이퍼시픽, 캐나다에

어라인, 콴타스, 버진블루

등

다수

의

항공업계

시행

중

•국내

아시아나항공

`08년

5월부터

시행예정

•모금된

offsets 기금은

신재생에너

지

등

탄소배출량

감축사업에

지원


CONTENTSCONTENTS

1. 국제탄소시장

2. 해외의 탄소옵셋 프로그램

3.3. 환경부환경부

탄소포인트제도탄소포인트제도


환경부

탄소포인트

제도

탄소포인트

제도

개요

및

모식도

-빌딩(가정, 상업)의 감축 잠

재량이 가장 크고 강제적

할당이 어려움으로 자발적

프로그램 필요

-제도 참여 주체 : 가정, 상 업시설

•가정, 상업시설이 온실가스

배출저감 후 포인트를 인센

티브로 제공받는 대응활동

프로그램(Climate change action programme)


환경부

탄소포인트, 라벨링제도

운영

탄소포인트

제도

역할

및

일정

구성기관 제도

시행

이전(08.3～12) 1단계

제도

시행(09.1～)2단계

제도

시행

(11-12)

환경부 ․정책․예산(용역) 지원․제도

마련(예: 고시

등)․정책․예산(지자체

운영예산

포함) 지원․배출권

거래제

도 시행

환경관리

공단

․가정․상업부문

배출량

관리시스템

개

발 완료

※포인트제도

운영을

위한

시스템

구축

사업(환경부

별도

예산으로

용역

추진)․제도

운영계획

수립

․제도참여자

대상

배출량

산정교육․배출량

관리시스템

운영․관리․저감방안(BAT) 개발

및

홍보(pCDM

연계

가능성

진단)․대국민

인식제고

교육프로그램

시행

․배출권

운영과

연계한

프로그램

지원

지자체․제도참여자모집

방안

수립․지자체별

인센티브제공방안

마련(환경부

인센티브

별도)

․제도

홍보․제도참여자

모집

및

검증․배출권

거래

참

여


고재윤고재윤

처장처장

환경관리공단

지구환경처

(☎) 032-560-2189(E-mail) [email protected]

경청해주셔서

감사합니다.

BIO CDM : BIO CDM : 주철민주철민

Contents

CDM 프로젝트 (바이오연료)

CDM 프로젝트 (바이오가스)

CDM 프로젝트 (바이오매스)

Carbon Market (아시아 지역)

Carbon Market (탄소시장)

Contents

탄소시장

(CDM 시장)

탄소시장

(자발적

시장)◈

2006년 시카고 기후거래소(CCX) 거래량 및 거래금액►

1,030만톤 / 3,610만불◈ 자발적 OTC 상쇄시장 거래량 및 거래금액

►

1,340만톤 / 5,490만불

◈ 2005년도에 비해 자발적 시장 급성장◈ CDM관련시장에 비하면 미미한 수준

►

CDM시장의 1% 미만

자료 : Ecosystem Marketplace & New Carbon Finance

탄소시장

(자발적

시장)

◈

VERs 가격US$ 0.5 ~ 45 가격 편차가 심함가격형성 요소- 프로젝트 비용- 시장가격- 리스크 수준 등

◈

자발적

시장규모

전망100million tCO2 : 2007년( The Climate Group)500million tCO2 : 향후 3년간( Climate Wedge)미국 자발전시장 수요-

현재와

비교해서

두배

이상-

현재로부터

250million tCO2

2011년(World Bank)400million tCO2 : 2010년( ICF International)

자료 : Ecosystem Marketplace & New Carbon Finance

탄소시장

(미국

시장)

탄소시장

(CDM 시장)

CDM 프로젝트 유형에 따른 투자비용과 탄소배출권과의 관계

바이오에너지 관련 CDM

탄소시장

(CDM 프로젝트)

Status of CDM projects NumberAt validation 1988Request for registration 57Request for review 23Correction requested 55Under review 11Total in the process of registration 146Withdrawn 9Rejected by EB 59Registered, no issuance of CERs 642Registered. CER issued 306Total registered 948Total number of projects (incl. rejected & withdrawn) 3150

◈ 자료: 2008.1.3일 기준 (UNEP Risoe Centre)◈

2008.3.23일 기준: 965 CDM 프로젝트 등록(UNFCCC)

◈

2012년까지

탄소배출권

18억3천만톤

가능◈ 자료: 2008.1.3일 기준 (UNEP Risoe Centre)

Size inktCO2/yr number in %

0 - 5 144 4.6% 5 - 10 208 6.6% 10 - 25 583 18.5% 25 - 60 698 22.2% 60 - 100 615 19.5% 100 - 500 791 25.1% 500 - 1000 57 1.8% 1000 - 5000 46 1.5% 5000 - 10000 5 0.2% > 10000 3 0.1%Total 3150 100.0%

Number of projects

◈탄소배출권

10만~50만톤

: 25% 차지

Expected Available Available 2008-12 2008-12 2013-20

CER's 2012 CER's expected from existing projects in validation stage 1171 498 4482012 CER's expected from projects requesting registration 124 77 412012 CER's expected from registered projects 1200 755 259Total amount of CERs expected from future projects until 2012 1784 375 1066Total amount of CERs from existing projects produced after 2012 2594Total amount of CERs issued 127 1831 4409

Million CERs

탄소시장

(CDM 프로젝트)

CDM projects in the pipeline Type Projects 1000 CERs 2012 kCERs 2020 kCERs Projects Issued kCERs Issuance successAfforestation 3 331 1808 6902Agriculture 175 6674 44165 77764 37 3031 45%Biogas 204 9903 50496 117347 5 298 83%Biomass energy 493 27565 164040 359625 83 8424 89%Cement 36 5449 36757 65901 5 781 80%CO2 capture 0 0 0Coal bed/mine methane 47 20915 114293 274772 1 76 29%Energy distribution 4 129 1053 1886EE households 8 236 1226 2537EE industry 136 5372 28662 58308 12 434 83%EE own generation 274 45955 240779 503436 16 7327 98%EE service 4 38 216 574 1 2 63%EE supply side 30 6379 22740 76098 2 30 83%Fossil fuel switch 104 35096 178487 408743 11 1220 86%Fugitive 22 9190 57551 124094 2 5039 111%Geothermal 11 2002 11791 26920 2 125 33%HFCs 19 81792 501209 1118653 14 64896 101%Hydro 789 74857 356071 928820 51 3775 90%Landfill gas 245 41388 240610 512591 14 3156 39%N2O 56 46298 262200 621201 4 25033 124%PFCs 2 166 944 1664Reforestation 12 690 4406 11610Solar 16 388 2122 4612Tidal 1 315 1104 3631Transport 6 592 3460 8014 1 59 51%Wind 385 31578 168500 390391 45 2919 75%Total 3082 453302 2494690 5706093 306 126627 95.0%

CDM project with CERs issued All CDM projects in Pipeline

CDM 프로젝트 유형에 따른 탄소배출권 현황

◈ 자료: 2008.1.3일 기준 (UNEP Risoe Centre)

탄소시장

(CDM 프로젝트)

TypeHydro 789 26% 74857 17% 356071 14% 3775 3%Biomass energy 493 16% 27565 6% 164040 7% 8424 7%Wind 385 12% 31578 7% 168500 7% 2919 2%EE own generation 274 9% 45955 10% 240779 10% 7327 6%Landfill gas 245 8% 41388 9% 240610 10% 3156 2%Biogas 204 7% 9903 2% 50496 2% 298 0%Agriculture 175 6% 6674 1% 44165 2% 3031 2%EE Industry 136 4% 5372 1% 28662 1% 434 0%Fossil fuel switch 104 3% 35096 8% 178487 7% 1220 1%N2O 56 2% 46298 10% 262200 11% 25033 20%Coal bed/mine methane 47 2% 20915 5% 114293 5% 76 0%Cement 36 1% 5449 1% 36757 1% 781 1%EE Supply side 30 1% 6379 1% 22740 1% 30 0%Fugitive 22 1% 9190 2% 57551 2% 5039 4%HFCs 19 1% 81792 18% 501209 20% 64896 51%Solar 16 1% 388 0% 2122 0% 0 0%Afforestation & Reforestation 15 0% 1022 0% 6214 0% 0 0%Geothermal 11 0% 2002 0% 11791 0% 125 0%EE Households 8 0% 236 0% 1226 0% 0 0%Transport 6 0% 592 0% 3460 0% 59 0%EE Service 4 0% 38 0% 216 0% 0 0%Energy distrib. 4 0% 129 0% 1053 0% 0 0%PFCs 2 0% 166 0% 944 0% 0 0%Tidal 1 0% 315 0% 1104 0% 0 0%CO2 capture 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%Total 3082 100% 453302 100% 2494690 100% 126625 100%HFCs, PFCs & N2O reduction 77 2% 128257 28% 764353 31% 89930 71%Renewables 1899 62% 146609 32% 754124 30% 15542 12%CH4 reduction & Cement & Coal mine/bed 525 17% 83617 18% 493378 20% 12083 9.5%Supply-side EE 308 10% 52463 12% 264572 11% 7357 5.8%Fuel switch 104 3.4% 35096 7.74% 178487 7.2% 1220 1.0%Demand-side EE 148 4.8% 5647 1.25% 30103 1.2% 434 0.3%Afforestation & Reforestation 15 0.5% 1022 0.2% 6214 0.2% 0 0.0%Transport 6 0.2% 592 0.1% 3460 0.1% 59 0.0%

CDMnumber CERs/yr (000) 2012 CERs (000) CERs Issued (000)

탄소시장

(아시아

지역)

Number of CDM projects in Asia by country

Malaysia5%

Indonesia3%

Philippines3%

Thailand2%South Korea

2%

Vietnam1%

China45%

India37%

Others1%

Sri Lanka1%

Volume of CERs until 2012 in Asia by country

Others2%

Sri Lanka0%

China66%

India19%

South Korea5%

Vietnam1%Thailand

1%

Malaysia3%

Indonesia2%

Philippines1%

국가별 CDM프로젝트 현황(2008.1월 기준)2012년까지의 국가별 탄소배출권의 양 (2008.1월)

◈

중국: 아시아

CDM시장에서

프로젝트의

개수를

기준으로

45%

인도: 37%

◈

중국: 2012년까지

탄소배출권

확보량에서

66% 차지

인도: CDM프로젝트의

개수는

많으나

확보량에서

19%

탄소시장

(아시아

지역)

Asia & Pacific Number kCER2012 Afforestation 0% 0%Agriculture 1% 0%Biogas 6% 2%Biomass energy 16% 6%Cement 1% 2%Coal bed/mine methane 0% 0%Energy distribution 2% 6%EE households 0% 0%EE industry 0% 0%EE OwnGeneration 5% 1%EE service 12% 12%EE supply side 0% 0%Fossil fuel switch 1% 1%Fugitive 3% 8%Geothermal 1% 1%HFCs 0% 0%Hydro 1% 24%Landfill gas 28% 15%N2O 6% 5%PFCs 0% 0%Reforestation 0% 0%Solar 1% 0%Tidal 0% 0%Transport 0% 0%Wind 15% 8%Renewables 39% 41%Supply-side EE 7% 6%Landfill etc 32% 25%Demand-side EE 12% 12%HFC & N2O reduction 6% 6%Fuel switch 1% 1%Agriculture 1% 0%Afforestation & Reforestation 0% 0%

Affore-station &Refore-station

0%

Renewables40%

Supply-side EE7%

Demand-sideEE

12%

HFC & N2Oreduction

6%

Agriculture1%

Fuel switch1%

Landfill etc33%

◈

아시아

지역에서의

CDM 프로젝트

유형별

분포신재생에너지 40% (바이오가스, 바이오매스, 지열, 풍력, 태양광, 소수력, 조력)매립지 33%


탄소시장

(아시아

지역)

Region/Country for CDMprojects (No. of projects)

Afforestation Agriculture Biogas Biomassenergy

Asia & Pacific 1 16 132 361Bangladesh 0 0 0 0Bhutan 0 0 0 0Cambodia 0 0 2 1China 0 0 11 30Fiji 0 0 0 0India 0 1 26 267Indonesia 0 1 7 15Lao PDR 0 0 0 0Malaysia 0 0 25 24Mongolia 0 0 0 0Nepal 0 0 2 0Pakistan 0 0 1 0Papua New Guinea 0 0 0 0Philippines 1 14 28 8Singapore 0 0 0 1South Korea 0 0 0 2Sri Lanka 0 0 0 4Thailand 0 0 28 8Vietnam 0 0 2 1

Asia & Pacific Number (%) kCER2012 China 46% 67%India 37% 19%Malaysia 5% 3%Indonesia 3% 2%Philippines 3% 1%South Korea 2% 5%Thailand 2% 1%Vietnam 1% 1%Sri Lanka 1% 0%Others 1% 2%Pakistan 0% 1%Bangladesh 0% 0%Bhutan 0% 1%Cambodia 0% 0%Fiji 0% 0%Mongolia 0% 0%Nepal 0% 0%Papua New Guinea 0% 0%Singapore 0% 0%Lao PDR 0% 0%Total 2295 1979584

국가별 탄소배출권

및 바이오에너지 연관 CDM프로젝트 현황


CDM 프로젝트

(바이오매스)

◈

바이오매스

원료의

종류

사탕수수(Bagasse) 폐목재

야자수(Palm) 옥수수

볏집, 왕겨

◈

바이오매스

열병합

발전시설CDM 프로젝트

다양한 바이오매스 원료남미, 아시아 지역승인된 방법론-

AM15(Bagasse Power)-

AM 4(볏집을

이용한

발전)-

AM 7 (사탕수수

이용한

발전)-

ACM 6(바이오매스

발전)(통합승인: AM15 & AM 4)

- AM 27- AM 42사탕수수 재배지역

CDM 프로젝트

(바이오매스)

Description AM/ACM ktCO2 Host country TitleBagasse power AM15 40 ktCO2 Brazil Vale Do Rosário bagasse cogenerationRice husk power plant (el + steam + cement) 400 ktCO2 Thailand A.T. Biopower rice husk power projectBagasse Power 100 ktCO2 India 26 MW bagasse/Biomass cogenerationpower project , KoppaRice husk power plant (Combined with NM9) 400 ktCO2 Thailand A.T. Biopower rice husk power projectRice husk power plant (Combined with NM9) 400 ktCO2 Thailand A.T. Biopower rice husk power projectBiomass residues power plant 85 ktCO2 India 18 MW biomass power porject in Tamilnadu, IndiaBagasse power expansion 23 ktCO2 Brazil Catanduva Sugarcane Mill, Biomas power plants expansionSwitch from coal/lignite to agro-biomass power AM7 600 ktCO2 India TA Sugars proposed sugar cogeneration plant and fuel switchBagasse power and steam 95 ktCO2 India Haidargarh bagasse based cogeneration power project, BalrampurCapacity augmentation component of NM28 600 ktCO2 India TA Sugars proposed sugar cogeneration plant and fuel swtich34 MW bagasse power plant ACM6 100 ktCO2 Thailand Ratchasima Small Power Producer (SPP) Expansion ProjectUpgrade & expansion of biomass plant from 24MW to 53MW 80 ktCO2 Thailand Dan Chang Bio-Energy Cogeneration project (DCBC)Trupán (30 MW) Biomass CHP plant using sawmill and forest op. waste ACM6 87 ktCO2 Chile Trupán biomass power plantReplacing fossil CO2 with CO2 from biomass in production of chemical salts +bagasse based electricity and steam

AM27 35 ktCO2Brazil CO2, electricity and steam from renewable sources in the productionof inorganic compounds (Raudi Chemical Salts)

Grid-connected electricity from plantation biomass AM42 1129 ktCO2Thailand Grid-connected power generation project using biomass fuel fromnewly developed dedicated plantations, in Nakhon RatchasimaProvince

Steam generation from biomass residues displacing fossil fuels 85 ktCO2Peru Paramonga CDM Bagasse Boiler ProjectReplacing coal with biomass waste, presently landfilled or left to decay, forsteam generation (see NM113)

AM36 120 ktCO2South Africa Mondi Richards Bay Biomass Project

Energy Generation from Biomass Residue for the User. 91 ktCO2Indonesia Permata Hijau Group Cogeneration Biomass ProjectElectricity generation using biomass residue that cannot be disposed of byopen air burning

73 ktCO2India East Coast Power Plant (S) Sdn. Bhd. 13MW biomass powergeneration project

Baseline methodology for methane avoidance due to biomass residuecombustion under controlled conditions

64 ktCO2Brazil Vitale SA Biomass Co-Generation Project

GHG emission reduction by manufacturing natural Alpha Olefin Sulphonate(AOS) surfactant derived from palm oil residual byproduct

94 ktCO2India Green House Gas (GHG) emission reduction by Manufacturing ofnatural surfactant Alpha Olefin Sulphonate (AOS)

◈

바이오매스

에너지를

이용한

CDM프로젝트

CDM 프로젝트

(바이오매스)◈

바이오매스

CDM 프로젝트

사례

Deoband Bagasse based Co-generation Power Project사탕수수의 부산물인 버거스를 바이오매스 열병합 발전시설의 원료로 사용총 발전시설: 22MW / 잉여전력 Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation Limited (UPPCL)에 판매온실가스 감축량: 85,470톤CO2e방법론 : ACM0006

A.T. Biopower Rice Husk Power Project쌀의 부산물인 볏집, 왕겨를 바이오매스 열병합 발전시설의 원료로 사용총 발전시설: 22MW / 잉여전력 Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT)에 판매온실가스 감축량: 70,772톤CO2e방법론 : ACM0006 투입량: 연간 144,558톤 / 17.75%인 25,659톤이 Ash

CDM 프로젝트

(바이오가스)

Description AM/ACM ktCO2 Host country Title0,65 MW biogas power from palm oil waste water 27 ktCO2 Malaysia FELDA Lepar Hilir palm oil mill, biogas project in MalaysiaBiogas power from swine manure AM6 90 ktCO2 Chile CH4 capture and combustion from swine manure treatment at1,4 MW biogas power from sewage water AM13 73 ktCO2 Moldavia Methane gas capture and electricity production at Chisinau1,5 MW biogas power from palm oil effluent AM13 55 ktCO2 Malaysia Bumibiopower methane extraction and power generation projectBiogas for drying & power at starch factory AM22 372 ktCO2 Thailand Korat waste to energy project, ThailandBiogas from alcohol wastewater 100 ktCO2 Nicaragua Vinasse Anaerobic Treatment Project - Compañía Licorera deBiogas wastewater from alcohol production replace fuel-oil + grid-elect. AM13 50 ktCO2 Nicaragua Vinasse Anaerobic Treatment Project - Compañía Licorera de

Nicaragua, S. A. (CLNSA)Biogas from Municipal waste 225 ktCO2 China Shanghai Putuo District Municipal Solid Waste Transfer and

C h i T t t Pl tBiogas from defined organic residues for thermal applications 28 ktCO2 India JISL biomethanation of biodegradable waste for thermal applicationsBiogenic methane injection to a natural gas distribution grid AM53 61 ktCO2 Chile Biogenic methane injection to a natural gas distribution gridGHG emission reductions through multi-site manure collection and treatmentin a central plant

49 ktCO2 Brazil Environmental passive mitigation through the management of theswine manure by a Regional Sanitation Plant in the Santa Catarina

◈

바이오가스를

이용한

CDM프로젝트

◈

승인된 방법론ACM0010 (Consolidated baseline methodology for GHG emission reductions from

manure management systems : 축산분뇨관리) AM0013 (Avoided methane emissions from organic waste-water treatment : 폐수처리)

- ACM0014로 통합AMS-III.D. : Methane recovery in animal manure management systems – 소규모 승인방법론

(축산분뇨관리를 통한 메탄가스 포집 및 이용)AMS-III.I. : Avoidance of methane production in wastewater treatment through replacement

of anaerobic lagoons by aerobic systems – 소규모

승인방법론(혐기성처리 시스템을 통한 폐수처리에서의 메탄가스 발생억제)

CDM 프로젝트

(바이오가스)

◈

바이오가스

CDM프로젝트

사례

(Granja Becker GHG Mitigation Project)

베이스라인: 개방형 혐기성 라군 축산분뇨용 혐기성 발효조 시설을 통한 메탄가스 포집 및 연소

프로젝트 위치 : Minas Gerais, 브라질프로젝트 목적- 축산분뇨관리체계 개선을 통한 온실가스 감축- Minas Gerais 지역에서 710만톤의 축산폐수발생 (프로젝트를 통해 250만톤CO2e 절감효과)

CDM 프로젝트

(바이오가스)

◈

바이오가스

CDM프로젝트

사례

(인도네시아 양돈농가의 메탄가스 감축사업)

개방형 라군 및 혐기성 발효조

CDM 프로젝트

(바이오가스)

◈

바이오가스

CDM프로젝트

사례

(유기 폐수에서 발생되는 온실가스 감축사업)

필리핀 에탄올 공장에서의 발효조 시설을 이용한 폐수처리폐수의 COD양을 감소시켜 메탄가스 방출량 줄임생성되는 메탄가스를 이용하여 벙커오일(16톤/일 소모)을 쓰는 보일러 대체온실가스 감축량: 연간 96,000톤CO2e

CDM 프로젝트

(바이오연료)

◈

바이오연료

관련

CDM 프로젝트

Description AM/ACM ktCO2 Host country TitleBiodiesel from oil seeds on Jatropa and Pongamia trees (=NM108) 26 ktCO2 India 30 TPD Biodiesel project in Adra Pradesh, India85000 litre ethanol/dayfrom sugar cane molasses for a 10% blend 53 ktCO2 Thailand Baseline methodology for the production of sugar cane based

h d bi th l f t t ti i LCA(Kh K f lBiodiesel from oil seeds on Jatropa and Pongamia trees & waste oil (=NM69) 26 ktCO2 India Biodiesel production and switching fossil fuels from petro-diesel tobiodiesel in transport sector - 30 TPD Biodiesel CDM Project in

Methyl-ester biodiesel from sunflower on unused land (=NM129) 33 ktCO2 Thailand Sunflower Methyl-Ester Biodiesel Project in Thailand

Methyl-ester biodiesel from sunflower on unused land (=NM109) 33 ktCO2 Thailand Generalized baseline methodology for transportation Bio-Fueld ti j t ithLif C l A t10% Palm oil methyl ester added to diesel 218 ktCO2 Thailand Palm Methyl Ester - Biodiesel Fuel (PME-BDF) production and use

f t t tiProduction of waste cooking oil based biodiesel for use as fuel AM47 123 ktCO2 China BIOLUX Benji Biodiesel Beijing ProjectBaseline methodology for the production of sugar cane based anhydrous bio-ethanol for transportation using LCA.(=NM82)

40 ktCO2 Thailand Khon Kaen fuel ethanol project

Biodiesel from oilseeds in dedicated plantations on severely degraded landand underutilized agricultural land. Consumers is a captive fleat within th

335 ktCO2 Brazil AGRENCO Biodiesel Project in Alta Araguaia

Methodology for vegetable-derived fatty acid methyl ester biodiesel productionfor transportation (=NM142)

143 ktCO2 Thailand Palm Methyl Ester – Biodiesel Fuel (PME-BDF) production and usefor transportation in Thailand

Production of starch (maize, sorghum, cassava, others) based bio-ethanol thatcomes from cultivating renewable biomass for transportation using Life Cycleassessment

106 ktCO2 Mexico Destilmex fuel ethanol project

◈

승인 방법론AM0047 (Production of biodiesel based on waste oils and/or waste fats from biogenic origin for use as fuel)

◈

신규

방법론의

증가

◈

바이오연료

CDM 프로젝트의

이슈

증가

CDM 프로젝트

(바이오연료)

◈

바이오연료

CDM 프로젝트

이슈

(Case Study: NW0224)

개요: 팜원유 및 자트로타 원유를 통한 바이오디젤 생산 CDM 프로젝트

프로젝트 개발자 및 지역: Naturol Bio-Energy Limited (NBEL) / 인도

주요 이슈

(1) No consideration on avoidance of double counting

: 바이오디젤 소비자의 규명 및 모니터링 이슈

(2) Treatment of upstream components due to cultivation

: 농경지 개간에 의한 온실가스 배출 이슈

(3) Shift of pre-project activities

: 농업활동의 변화

(4) Additional Issue, Use of by-product

LOGO

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

[email protected]@gmail.com

Prospects for the International Carbon Market

post Bali

Tony ClemsonHead of Climate Change

UK Embassy

Climate change - No longer just an environmental issue…• Long term sustainable economic growth• Energy security• Foreign policy and national security• International development • Moral responsibility

Climate change increases the likelihood of extreme weather events that cause direct damage to human life and property and is having a growing economic impact.

What are the economic costs of climate change?

A Multiplier of Instability

Water Scarcity Migration Crop Decline Hunger Coastal Risks Recent Conflicts

UK Government Objectives

Promoting a low carbon, high growth, global economy

• Build the political conditions to achieve climate security through a rapid transition to a low carbon economy

• Manage geopolitical risks to the UK’s energy security through open and competitive energy markets

• Promote sustainable growth and reduced poverty and inequality

UK Actions

• Kyoto target of 12.5% reduction• On target for 23%

• Climate Change Bill• Energy White Paper• Public awareness campaigns• ￡800 million fund ETF for developing countries

Key Provisions of the Climate Change Bill• Puts into statute a reduction of CO2 emissions by 60% by

2050. • Five-year carbon budgets setting binding limits on CO2

emissions • Environmental, technological, economic, fiscal, social and

international factors must be taken into account• Emission reductions purchased overseas may be counted

towards the UK’s targets

Energy White Paper - key measures• Triple electricity supplies from renewables by 2015. • Encourage more local and micro-generation.• Commercial demonstration of carbon capture and storage – potential

90% reduction of CO2 • Doubling the current requirement for energy suppliers to deliver

energy efficiency measures to households. • A cap and trade carbon reduction scheme for businesses like banks

and supermarkets. • Demanding targets for the energy efficiency standards of new

products.

UK Actions through the EU

• An EU Kyoto target of 8% CO2 reduction• The EU is committed to a 20% reduction in CO2

by 2020 (or 30% with an international agreement)• EU Emission Trading Scheme• Renewable Energy• CCS

What was agreed at Bali

The Bali Action Plan• Turned the non-negotiated Convention Dialogue

into formal negotiations for all developed and developing countries, intended to agree global climate deal by end of 2009 – Copenhagen COP

Bali- What was agreed….• The Bali Action Plan• A time-line and end-date for completion of the work of the Ad Hoc

Working Group on Further Commitments for Annex I Parties to the Kyoto Protocol.

• Technology– new work programme for expert group to speed up development, transfer and funding

• Deforestation – responsible for about 20% of global emissions. Incentives to reduce emissions from wholesale deforestation and gradual damage – pilot projects under UN guidelines

• Adaptation Fund – supports developing countries adapting to CC – will be funded by 2% levy on the CDM

What was agreed on Carbon Markets

• The COP approved two methodologies for the “switch from non- renewable biomass” in the CDM so that projects which utilise a switch to efficient cooking stoves can now be credited under the CDM

• Abolishment for payment of registration fees and share of proceeds at issuance for CDM project activities in LDC’s.

• CCS in CDM: Parties agreed to a further submissions and discussions this year to facilitate a decision Poznan providing guidance to CDM EB.

• Agreed guidance aimed at improving the way the CDM and its Board functions

• Encouraged pilot projects to reduce emissions from deforestation and sets the framework for inclusion of avoided deforestation in a comprehensive emissions reductions package at Copenhagen

UK and EU policies on Carbon Market

• UK experience with UK ETS 2002-2006• EU ETS started in 2005

• 11,000 installations in Europe• 50% of Europe's CO2• Overallocation in 1st Phase• Good carbon price for 2nd Phase

Commission Proposal for 2013 and beyond

• Central cap – linear decrease from 2008-12 average annual emissions

• Full auctioning for electricity generators and CCS (except heat for CHP – full auctioning by 2020)

• Community wide rules for free allocation. Sectors share of allocation will be in line with 2005-7 verified emissions

• Full auctioning for sectors by 2020 (unless carbon leakage)

• Tighter limits on use of project credits in EU until international agreement reached

Developments over the last year• Moved from 6 US states to 23 US states committed to cap

and trade + 2 Canadian Provinces• New Zealand to set up cap and trade • Australia ratified Kyoto and will set up mandatory cap and

trade• Japan launches study group on Emissions Trading • 40 US states have joined the Climate Action Registry to

report emissions• Norway, Lichtenstein and Iceland have joined the EU ETS• International Carbon Partnership set up – with 23

members committed to developing scalable and linkable mandatory cap and trade systems.

What the development of cap and trade systems means for developing countries• Cap and trade systems provide the demand for project

credits – so the systems need scarcity• EU ETS allows limited use of Kyoto credits for compliance

– other systems in development are considering their use• Concerns in some about shifting abatement abroad – and

shifting investment – for others this is a positive move• Concerns also about the quality of credits – may lead

some to adopt qualitative restrictions

Linking via common use of crediting schemes – or deeper linking• Early linking may be through common use of credits –

particularly CDM• However, competitiveness concerns are big driver for

linking trading systems – to provide level playing field• Addressing competitiveness means great interest in

formal linking schemes to have common carbon price• But… outside of EU ETS no schemes ready to link with

Early lessons

• Linking requires transparency and confidence• 2008-2012 EU ETS – states have moved to greater

harmonisation of scope and rules – even without changes to the legislation

• Level playing field and transparency is a bigger prize than national interest

• Difficult to withstand political pressure to increase allocations and loosen caps – in Europe we have the European Commission to blame for difficult decisions

So lessons for post 2012 trading and linking• Competitiveness, need for level playing field and

transparency drive change• Difficult for Governments to withstand lobbying pressure• Need confidence in decisions on caps and allocation -

in Europe a move to Central cap setting and allocation

• Changes to trading systems take a long time!• Need for collaboration and understanding before systems

are finalised - the International Carbon Action Partnership

International Carbon Action Partnership – what it is

• Partnership of public authorities and governments• Members have established or are actively pursuing

carbon markets through mandatory absolute cap and trade systems as one approach for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

• Welcomes observers who are considering cap and trade systems for tackling greenhouse gas emissions.

• Establish an expert forum to discuss • design, • compatibility • potential linkage of regional carbon markets.

• Commission joint research and studies. • Identify barriers and solutions • Develop recommendations for consideration by each of

the partners. • Support the United Nations process on climate change

What will the Partnership do?

• European Commission • France • Germany• Greece • Ireland • Italy • Netherlands • Portugal• Spain • United Kingdom• Maine• Maryland

• Massachusetts• New Jersey• New York• Arizona • British Columbia • California • Manitoba • New Mexico • Oregon • Washington • New Zealand• Norway

CURRENT PARTNERS

ICAP public conferences

• Monitoring, Reporting, Compliance and Enforcement

• Brussels 19th 20th May 2008• Following conferences – Auctioning and

allocation – Autumn 2008 – North America

Thank you!

Email: [email protected]

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