eqspertis azri

aleqsandre rondeli

moskovis informaciuli politikada saqarTvelo

ÓÀØÀÒÈÅÄËÏÓ ÓÔÒÀÔÄÂÉÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÓÀÄÒÈÀÛÏÒÉÓÏ ÖÒÈÉÄÒÈÏÁÀÈÀ ÊÅËÄÅÉÓ ×ÏÍÃÉGEORGIAN FOUNDATION FOR STRATEGIC AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES

2014

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publikacia daibeWda amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saelCos finansuri mxardaWeriT.

redaqtori: rusudan margiSvili

teqnikuri redaqtori: artem meliq-nubarovi

saavtoro uflebebi daculia da ekuTvnis saqarTvelos strategiisa da saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis kvlevis fonds. werilobiTi nebarTvis gareSe wignis arc erTi nawili ar SeiZleba gadaibeWdos nebismieri,

maT Soris, eleqtronuli an meqanikuri formiT.

© saqarTvelos strategiisa da saerTaSoriso urTierTobaTa kvlevis fondi 2014 weli

ISSN 1512-4835 ISBN 978-9941-0-7219-2

ruseTi postsabWoTa sivrceSi

ra miznebi amoZravebs ruseTs Tavis uSualo samezob-loSi? cdilobs mxolod rbili Zalis gamoyenebiT moipovos gavlena Tu eswrafvis gabatondes da yvelaferi Tavisi gav-lenis sferoSi moaqcios? es aris arCevani post- da neoim-perializms Soris. saqarTveloSi SemoWris, yirimisa da aR-mosavleT ukrainis movlenebis Semdeg Zneli ar unda iyos am kiTxvebze pasuxis gacema.

ruseTi mezoblebs ise eqceva, rogorc Tavis yofil koloniebs. maT suverenul saxelmwifoebad ar miiCnevs. ru-seTs aeWvebs, rom misi mezobeli saxelmwifoebi SeZleben sakuTari damoukideblobisa da teritoriuli mTlianobis SenarCunebas.

sakuTari miznebis misaRwevad moskovi mezobel sa-xelm wifoebSi separatistul da iredentistul moZraobebs iyenebs, am gziT cdilobs mezoblebis daSantaJebas da, Tu dasWirdeba, maT daanawevrebs kidec. es kargad Cans moldo-vis, saqarTvelosa da ukrainis mimarT moskovis midgomaSi. ruseTi sagareo politikis instrumentad `TanamemamuleTa~ (соотечественники) koncefcias iyenebs.

rbili Zala aucilebeli instrumentia neoimperialis-turi miznebis misaRwevad da rbili Zala, romelsac moskovi Tavis mezoblebis winaaRmdeg iyenebs, tyuilsa da dezinfor-macias efuZneba.1

ssrk-is daSlis Semdeg moskovi Seecada yofil sab-WoTa respublikebSi SeenarCunebina Tavisi kontroli da amisaTvis sxvadasxva integraciuli sqema Tu organizacia (damoukidebel saxelmwifoTa Tanamegobroba (dsT), koleq-tiuri usafrTxoebis xelSekrulebis organizacia, evraziuli kavSiri) Seqmna. yvelaze cnobili proeqti _ damoukidebel saxelmwifoTa Tanamegobroba _ sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Sem-deg maleve amoqmedda, magram warmateba ver moipova. krem-lis problema iyo Tavisi imperialisturi miznebi rogorme ekonomikur Tu ideologiur saxvevSi SeefuTa, raTa misaRebi yofiliyo yofili sabWoTa respublikebisaTvis.

postsabWoTa saxelmwifoebis umravlesobam kremlis integraciul moqmedebebSi imperialisturi miznebi dainaxa. moskovi Seecada damoukideblobamopovebuli saxelmwifoe-

1 saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg moskovis rbili Zalis Sesaxeb ix.: Soft Power: The New Concept of Russian Foreign Policy toward Georgia. Tengiz Pkhaladze (Editor). Mtatsmindeli, Tbilisi, 2010.

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bi Tavisi survilebisaTvis daemorCilebina, risTvisac e.w. `axlo samezobloSi~ separatizmis gaRvivebasa da waxalise-bas mimarTa, aseve zogan gamoiyena muqara Tu SantaJi, zogan ki _ ekonomikuri berketebi (embargo, sanqciebi). moldovaSi, saqarTvelosa da, sul axlaxan, ukrainaSi kremlma saWirod miiCnia Zalis gamoyeneba.

kremls arasdros miviwyebia postsabWoTa mezoblebis gakontrolebis idea. 2000-ian wlebSi kremlma mosTxova dasav-leTs Seqmniliyo e.w. `usafrTxoebis axali arqiteqtura~ da `evropaSi ganuyofeli usafrTxoeba~, rac iZulebuls gaxdida dasavleTs Segueboda moskovis gansakuTrebul uflebebs e.w. `interesebis privilegirebul sferoSi~. dasavleTma ar mi-iRo es winadadeba, Tumca 2008 wels saqarTveloSi SemoWriT ruseTma aCvena sakuTari damokidebuleba, rom evropul da evroatlantikur struqturebs ar miscems uflebas fexi moi-kidon mis samezobloSi (garda evropas SeerTebuli baltiis qveynebisa).

moskovma, miiCnevs ra transatlantikur alianss Sina-ganad sust da danawevrebul gaerTianebad, xolo krizisSi Caflul evropas _ meryevad, romelic Zlier aris damokide-buli rusul energomaragebze, mezoblebis mimarT politika gaaaqtiura da Seecada CaeTria isini kremlis Seqmnil axal integraciul proeqtSi _ evraziis ekonomikur kavSirSi, romelsac kremlis TvalTaxedviT, SeuZlia Seuqmnas ruseTs, rogorc udides Zalas, gadarCenis pirobebi da yvelaze mniSv-nelovani postsabWoTa saxelmwifoebi moskovis kontrols dauqvemdebaros. es kavSiri ZiriTadad emyareba ruseTs, ukrainas, belarussa da yazaxeTs.

imavdroulad rusuli elita mudmivad cdilobda daedgina axali rusuli identoba, ganesazRvra Tavisi roli msoflios Secvlis procesSi da rogorme moenaxa Tavisi im-periuli amocanebis ideologiuri da samarTlebrivi gamarT-leba. rusuli samxedro-politikuri elita karga xania moq-ceulia geopolitikis tyveobaSi, gansakuTrebiT aleqsand r duginis mier SemuSavebuli ruseTis axali imperiuli ver-siis wyalobiT. misi e.w. `neoevrazianizmi~ kargad aris nak-vebi erovnuli usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb moskovis postsabWoTa naazreviT. aseve arseboben sxva avtorebic, romelTa ideebic kremlis Tavkacebze Zlier gavlenas axdenen. maT Soris unda movixsenioT piotr SCedrovicki, fiklosofosi, romelic aqtiuradaa CarTuli ruseTis momavalTan da ganviTarebas-Tan dakavSirebuli ideebis SemuSavebaSi. mas ekuTvnis Zli-

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eri imperiuli koncefcia `rusuli msoflio~, romelic ru-seTs globalizebul samyaroSi `Tavis adgils miuCens~. SCed-rovickis mier 1993-1997 ww.-Si SemuSavebuli es koncefcia dRes kremlis politikosebisa da propagandistebis bibliad aris qceuli.2

moskovis sagareo politikis moqmedebis mTavari mimarTuleba aris postsabWoTa sivrce, sadac, `rusuli msoflios~ koncefciis Tanaxmad, imdenive rusi cxovrobs, ramdenic Tavad ruseTSi. moskovma rusebad miiCnia orenovani mosaxleobac, isini, vinc laparakobs da azrovnebs rusu-lad. amgvarad moxvdnen eTnikurad ararusebi rusebis kate-goriaSi. es koncefcia aCvenebs, rom postsabWoTa sivrceSi arsebobs garkveuli socialur-kulturuli realoba, e.w. `civilizaciuri sivrce~, romelic efuZneba sam sayrdens: 1) marTlmadideblobas, 2) rusul kulturasa da rusul enas da 3) saerTo istoriul mexsierebasa da sazogadoebrivi gan-viTarebis saerTo xedvas. es aris sruliad imperiuli eqs-pansionisturi koncefcia, oRond kremlis mier SeniRbuli civilizaciuri da kulturuli proeqtis saburveliT, raTa postsabWoTa sivrceSi Tavisi qmedebebi legitimurad warmo-aCinos. Tan am sayrdenebis gamagreba maRalprofesionaluri propagandiT xdeba da amas rusuli media SesaniSnavad akeTebs.

`rusuli msoflios~ koncefciis avtorTa azriT, didi qveynebi globalizaciis pirobebSi unda ganviTardnen an kolonializaciis da an diasporebis xarjze. maT mxolod amgvarad SeeZlebaT globalizaciasTan morgeba. am koncef-ciis damcvelTa Soris gavrcelebuli mosazrebiT, qveynis gareT mcxovrebi rusebi da `rusulad moazrovne~ xalxi war-moadgens ruseTis federaciis `imunur sistemas~ _ es SesaniS-navi saxeli gamougones moskovis `mexuTe kolonas~!

rusuli marTlmadidebeli eklesia did rols asru-lebs `rusuli msoflios~ ideis popularizaciis saqmeSi.3 pat riarqma kirilem moldovis samRvdeloebasTan Sexvedri-sas ganacxada, rom `wminda ruseTi aris ara eTnikuri, poli-tikuri an enobrivi, aramed sulierebis aRmniSvneli cneba. es aris faseulobaTa erToblioba, erToblioba sulieri orien-

2 es koncefcia prezidentma putinma pirvelad axsena 2006 wlis bolos ruseTis inteliganciasTan Sexvedraze, sanqt-peterburgSi. cota xnis Semdeg putinis N796 brZanebulebiT daarsda axali fondi _ `rusuli msoflios fondi~. es fondi, romelsac xelmZRvanelobs v. nikonovi, mniSvnelovan dafinansebas ruseTis saxelm-wifosagan iRebs.

3 Геннадий Друзенко. Геополитика от Патриарха: Царство Небесное vs «Русский мир». «Зеркало недели», №44 (772), 14-20/11/2009

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taciisa, romelic ayalibebs Cvens sulier erTobas, romelic ufro maRla dgas, vidre nebismieri politikuri sazRvari~.4 es aris ostaturad SeniRbuli imperialisturi xedva. imave kirilem 2009 wels `rusuli msoflios~ asambleaze sityviT gamosvlisas termini ̀ rusuli msoflio~ saerTo jamSi 38-jer axsena da geopolitikuri terminebiT gamoxata Tavisi rwmena, rom gaerTianebul `rusul msoflios~ SeuZlia iqces glo-baluri politikis Zlier moTamaSed, gacilebiT Zlierad, vi-dre sxva yvela politikuri aliansia. kremlma wamoayena idea `gaxleCili rusi xalxis, rogorc msoflios yvelaze didi gaxleCili xalxisa~, romelsac aqvs gaerTianebis ufleba. es Tvalsazrisi prezidentma putinma ganacxada 2014 wlis 18 marts ruseTis saxelmwifo dumisa da federaciuli sabWos winaSe gamosvlisas.5 2014 wlis 7 marts ruseTis prezidentis presmdivanma d. peskovma yirimSi mimdinare movlenebis Sesa-xeb komentarebis gakeTebisas ganacxada, rom v. putini aris rusuli msoflios usafrTxoebis mTavari garantori.6 man igulisxma, rom erovnul usafrTxoebasTan dakavSirebuli moskovis pasuxismgeblobis areali gaizarda da misi fargle-bi ufro farToa, vidre ruseTis federaciis sazRvrebi.7 es Zalian hgavs hitleris mosazrebebs qveynis sazRvrebs gareT germanelebis dacvasTan dakavSirebiT.

aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTvelo ar aris e.w. `rusuli msoflios~ nawili, Tumca am koncefciis gasavrceleblad Zalebs ar zogavs moskovi da mTavrobis kontrols daqvem-debarebuli rusuli media. saqarTvelo moxvedrilia im qvey-nebis kategoriaSi, romlis macxovreblebica da teritoriac `bunebrivad~ da geopolitikurad miekuTvneba ruseTis sam-xed ro-politikur orbitas da romelic unda darCes moskov-is kontrolqveS. 8

4 Патриарх Кирилл: Мы один народ пред богом,» Русская линия. Сводка новостей от 23 Августа 2010. http//rusk.ru/newsdata.php?idor=43517

5 vladimer putinis mimarTva federaciis sabWosadmi. www.echo.msk.ru/blog/echomsk/128 1680-echo/

6 ukrainaSi viTarebis Sesaxeb rsfsr-is prezidentis presmdivnis dimitri peskovis gancxadeba. 2014 wlis 7 marti, TV Россия 24.

7 Наталия Нарочницкая. Русский мир шире границ самой России. «Русская линия.» 08.10.2007; Игорь Зевелев. Границы Русского мира. Трансформация национальной идентичности и новая внешнеполитическая доктрина России. «Россия в глобальной политике», Март-Апрель 2014.

8 saqarTvelosTan dakavSirebiT `TanamemamuleTa~ koncefciis Sesaxeb ix.: The “Com-patriot Protection Policy of the Russian Federation and Consular Policy toward Georgia.” In Soft Power: The New Concept of Russian Foreign Policy toward Georgia. Tengiz Pkhaladze (Editor). Mtatsmindeli, Tbilisi, 2010, pp. 52-63.

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rusuli propaganda iqca moskovis saSinao da sagareo politikis ukiduresad agresiul, kargad gaTvlil da efeq-tur iaraRad. moskovis propagandis mTavari mizani qveynis farglebs gareT aris porstsabWoTa sivrce, romlis winaaRm-degac kremlma SeimuSava integraciuli gegmebi, romle-bic gacxadebulia qveynis sagareo politikisa da erovnuli usafrT xoebis mTavar dokumentebSi. cota xnis win moskovma Seqmna e.w. `rusuli msoflios~ gaxmaurebuli koncefcia, ro-melic kremlisTvis ukve iqca miznebis ganxorcielebis mTa-var gzamkvlevad. am gegmiT ruseTis garSemo unda Seiqmnas buferuli zona, Semdgari proteqtoratebisa da daqvemde-barebuli saxelmwifoebisagan.

informaciuli omi saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg

dReisaTvis aRar mimdinareobs iseTi masobrivi propa-gandistuli brZola saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg, rogoric adre, gansakuTrebiT 2005-2009 wlebSi, saqarTveloSi SemoWrisa-Tvis mzadebis periodSi iyo. magram moskovis mediiT mudmivad vrceldeba garkveuli xasiaTis debulebebi,9 rom, magaliTad, saqarTvelo unda darCes ruseTTan, Tavisi geografiuli adg-ilmdebareobis, 200-wliani saerTo istoriisa da erTmorw-muneobis gamo; rom qarTvelebi da rusebi megobari xalxebia da mxolod saqarTvelos mTavroba Ralatobs am megobro-bas, ewinaaRmdegeba istoriulad Camoyalibebul logikas da cdilobs saqarTvelo ruseTis gavlenis sferodan gaiyvanos; rom ruseTi arasodes gauSvebs saqarTvelos, rom SeuerTdes natosa da evrokavSirs da gaanadgurebs saqarTvelos, Tuki igi ar dahyveba moskovis survils; rom dasavleTi ar aris Sesaferisi partniori da saqarTvelos mxolod iluziebi aqvs Tavisi dasavlur perspeqtivebTan dakavSirebiT.

iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom moskovs bolomde ar sjera rbili Zalis klasikuri instrumentebis, rogoricaa ena, kul-turuli gavlena da a.S., efeqtianobisa. moskovi sul ufro metad iyenebs gamanadgurebel propagandasa da sainformacio brZolas rogorc ki amisTvis drosa da adgils gamonaxavs.10 moskovis mosazrebebia, rom dasavleTi aris mteri da unda

9 igive avtorebi saqarTvelos ganixilaven ̀ rusuli msoflios~ nawilad. amis Sesaxeb ix.: Юрий Сошин. «Грузия-часть Русского мира» Russkie.org. 08.12.12.

10 moskovis dezinformaciuli omis Taviseburebebis Sesaxeb ix.: Paul Goble. Lies, Damned Lies and Russian Disinformation. The Jamestown Foundation. August 13, 2014.

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ruseTis ganadgureba; rom dasavleTSi mimdinareobs degrada-ciis procesi; rom SeuZlebelia dasavleTis Semdgomi ganvi-Tareba; rom igi Caflulia codvebsa da sibinZureSi; rom ru-seTi zneobrivad sufTaa da SeuZlia Tavis garSemo msoflios janmrTeli Zalebis gaerTianeba, maTi, visac aRelvebs WeS-mariti adamianuri faseulobebi; rom dasavluri demokratia mxolod miTi da tyuilia; rom dasavleTi danawevrebulia; rom ruseTis qmedebebi kanonieria da ase Semdeg da ase Sem-deg...

Tavisi politikuri miznebis misaRwevad moskovi Za-lian aqtiurad eweva antidasavlur propagandas da cdilobs gavlena moaxdinos postsabWoTa saxelmwifoebze, rom amiT regionSi Tavisi poziciebi gaamyaros.

2008 wels saqarTvelosTan omis Semdeg piks mosko-vurma propagandam kvlav 2014 wels, ukrainis movlenebis dros, miaRwia. ukrainis sawinaaRmdego informaciul brZo-laSi moskovi sxvadasxva azrebsa da debulebebs mimarTavda: rom arsebobs slavuri Tu rusuli samyaro da rom ukraina misi ganuyofeli nawilia; rom didi samamulo omi grZel-deba, rom ukrainaSi faSizmi jer ar damarcxebula da rom stefan banderas mimdevrebs, ukidures nacionalistebsa da faSistebs, vinc marTavs kievs, undaT daanawevron erTiani slavuri (rusuli) nacia da daasuston ruseTi; rom ukrain-is movlenebi STagonebulia dasavleTisgan da rom ruseTis winaaRmdeg dasavleTSi SeTqmulebaa; rom ruseTis qmedebebi legitimuria, rom simarTles ambobs ruseTi, dasavleTi ki tyuis; rom evrazianizmi aris swori nabiji ruseTis, ukraini-sa da sxva postsabWoTa qveynebis ukeTesi momavlisaken; rom ukraina evraziuli kavSiris mniSvnelovani nawilia da rom dasavleTsa da ukrainel faSistebs undaT misi daSla; rom dasavleTi ganudga RmerTs da dakarga Tavisi moraluri fa-seulobebi.

am mosazrebebs ruseTis media `avrcelebs~ auditori-is segmentaciisa da narativebis kontroliT. informaciuli kampaniis sawarmoeblad yvelaze mniSvnelovan saSualebad gamoiyeneba ruseTis satelevizio arxebi.

paralelurad, sinqronizebuli Setyobinebebis dasag-zavnad da farTomasStabiani masobrivi gayalbebisaTvis aseve gamoiyeneba arasamTavrobo organizaciebi, TanamemamuleTa organizaciebi, eqspertebi da socialuri media. socialur mediaSi moskovi sakmaod efeqturad iyenebs e.w. `trolebis

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fermebs~, romlebic moskovur propagandas aqtiurad avrce-leben internetSi. internetSi socialuri qselebi iqca brZo-lis did velad, sadac moskovi sul ufro aqtiuri xdeba.

ruseTSi medias mTavroba akontrolebs da amdenad kremlisaTvis advilia sainformacio omisa Tu propagandis-tuli brZolis warmarTva. mediis sakontroleblad moskovi kremlSi yovelkvireul Sexvedrebs marTavs mediis xelmZR-vanelebTan, gamoyofili aqvs specialuri biujeti, akontro-lebs mediis muSakebs da awesebs garkveul akrZalvebs.

moskovma sakmaod warmatebiT gamoscada Tavisi propa-gandistuli saSualebebi saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg da SeZlo kidec daenawevrebina Cveni qveyana.

postsabWoTa sazogadoebebSi sabWoTa memkvidreobis, rusuli propagandisa da reaqciuli samRvdeloebis negati-uri rolis damsaxurebiT dResac nayofieri niadagia anti-dasavluri damokidebulebebisaTvis. naTelia, rom propa-ganda ver gamoiRebs Sedegs, Tu ar eyoleba msmeneli, aseTi msmeneli ki rusul propagandas jer kidev hyavs. rusul pro-pagandas aqvs msoflio politikis garkveuli xedva, romlis mixedviTac ruseTi aris dasavleTis, gansakuTrebiT ki aSS-is SeTqmulebis msxverpli. es midgoma gaTvlilia ufro Sida, postsabWoTa `moxmarebaze~. moskovis globaluri propaganda ki, televizia Russia Today, ufro avrcelebs xedvas, rom dasav-leTi adgas degradaciis gzas, ruseTi ki miemarTeba naTeli momavlisaken.

rusuli media da adgilobrivi, ruseTze orientire-buli arasamTavrobo organizaciebi da jgufebi laparako-ben, rom evropuli integracia aranairi sargeblis momtani ar iqneba saqarTvelosTvis da warmoadgens safrTxes saqarT-velos kulturisaTvis. isini brals sdeben saqarTvelos mTav-robas, rom ewinaaRmdegeba qveynis ruseTTan integracias.

amrigad, Camoyalibda garkveuli `alternatiuli re-aloba~, romelic seriozul gavlenas axdens sazogadoebriv azrze ruseTSi da postsabWoTa sivrcis bevri sazogadoe-bis garkveul nawilze. postsabWoTa adamianebisaTvis savse-biT ucxo araa propagandisa da tvinis gamorecxvis gavlenis qveS moxvedra. sabWoTa gamocdileba noyieri niadagia tvinis gamorecxvis Tanamedrove meTodebisTvis.

aRsaniSnavia, rom rusuli ena saqarTveloSi kvlavac rCeba eTnikur umciresobebTan (romelic daaxloebiT mo-saxleobis 20 procentia), sxvadasxva eTnikuri jgufsa Tu

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auditoriasTan (sqarTevlebs, azerbaijanelebs, somxebsa da rusebs soris) urTierTobis enad. saxelmwifos urTierToba umciresobebTan aris erovnuli usafrTxoebis sakiTxi! axal-gazrdebSi ukve bevrma aRar icis rusuli, Tumca saSualo asakisa da xandazmulebi rusulad kargad laparakoben da ru-sulenovan mediasac iyeneben (umeteswilad televizias).

wina mTavrobis dros saqarTveloSi Seiqmna rusul-enovani satelevizio arxi ̀ piki~, romelic axalma xelisufle-bam mosvlisTanave, 2012 wlis oqtomberSi, daxura. es TiTqos moskovis gaRizianebis Tavidan asacileblad gakeTda, ro-gorc Crdiloeli mezoblisaken gadadgmuli pozitiuri nabi-ji. televizia ̀ piki~ sakmaod kargad muSaobda da iyo rogorc saqarTveloSi rusulenovani sazogadoebis informaciis wya-ro, ise kontrpropagandistuli mediasaSualeba. `piki~ popu-laruli iyo aseve postsabWoTa sivrceSi da sZulda kremls. `piki~ Sedioda saqarTvelos sazogadoebriv mauwyeblobaSi da finansdeboda saxelmwifo biujetidan. maRalprofesionalma teleJurnalistebma da alternatiulma xedvam telearxs didi popularoba moutana.

samwuxarod, ZiriTadad eTnikuri umciresobebiT dasaxlebul saqarTvelos regionebSi (gansakuTrebiT ja-vaxeTSi, sadac umTavresad eTnikurad somexi mosaxleobaa) araqarTvelebis umetesoba ar aris kargad integrirebuli da CarTuli saqarTvelos socialur-kulturul da politikur cxovrebaSi. amis mTavari mizezia saxelmwifo enis codnis dabali done. amis gamo arian isini naklebad CarTuli adgi-lobriv politikur da kulturul cxovrebaSi. qarTuli enis arcodnaa aseve mizezi, rom isini saSinao politikis Sesaxeb informaciis naklebobas ganicdian. televizia `piki~ avsebda informaciul vakuums, rac dRes ruseTisa da sxva mezoblebis satelevizio arxebiT ivseba. es viTareba SeiZleba miviCnioT erovnuli usafrTxoebis problemad.

antidasavlur mediasaSualebad Tu satelevizio sad-gurad SeiZleba ganvixiloT saqarTveloSi moqmedi mxolod erTi satelevizio arxi _ `obieqtivi~ da amave saxelwodebis radiosadguri. aqve vaxsenebT erT televizias, romelsac ru-seTSi moRvawe qarTveli biznesmeni afinansebs da romelsac ukavia iseTi pozicia, romelic Tavisuflad aqcevs mas anti-dasavlur satelevizio arxad. aRsaniSnavia, rom 2014 wlis 11 noembridan saqarTveloSi amuSavda rusuli radiosadguri

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`sputniki~, romelic qarTul enaze mauwyeblobs da moskovis politikur interesebs emsaxureba.

beWdur Tu eleqtronul mediaSic arsebobs rogorc gamokveTilad antidasavluri, ise promoskovuri damokidebu-lebebic ki, rac badebs eWvs, rom maTi dafinanseba saqarT-velos farglebs garedan modis. erT-erTi amgvari, Zalian popularuli tabloidia `asaval-dasavali~. eleqtronuli mediidan SeiZleba gamoiyos ̀ saqarTvelo da msoflio~ _ Riad promoskovuri da antidasavluri mediagamocema. eWvgareSea, rom misi finansuri uzrunvelyofac CrdiloeTidan momdina-reobs.

rogorc Cans, moskovi seriozulad fiqrobs saqarT-veloSi rbili Zalis ufro efeqturad gamoyenebas. misi ̀ axali midgomis~ niSnebi aSkarad SeimCneva. gamoCnda axali arasam-Tavrobo organizaciebi da jgufebi _ cnobili evraziuli kavSiris qarTuli ganStoeba, romelic eweva antidasavlur da natos sawinaaRmdego propagandas. es jgufebi Tavis rus analogebTan erTad awyoben qarTveli da rusi axalgazrdo-bis Sexvedrebs, qarTvel axalgazrdebs iwveven ruseTSi, raTa Seiqmnas megobruli ruseTis dadebiTi imiji da qarTvelebma igrZnon, rom saqarTvelosTvis erTaderTi arCevania iyos ruseTis gverdiT. ruseTisaTvis antidasavlur qmedebebSi xelis SemSlelia saqarTvelosTan gawyvetili diplomatiuri urTierTobebi. unda iTqvas, rom saqarTveloSi arsebuli demokratiuli media ufro met yuradRebas uTmobs saSinao politikur procesebs da a.S. da ar miiCnevs rusul propa-gandas mniSvnelovnad da aqtualurad. saqarTvelos mTavro-ba saTanado yuradRebas ar aqcevs CrdiloeTidan wamosuli tyuilisa da dezinformaciis ganeitralebas. saqarTvelo aris demokratiuli qveyana, sadac aris gamoxatvis Tavisuf-leba da amitomac ar aris advili antidasavluri propagandis winaaRmdeg efeqturi zomebis miReba. Tumca ukrainaSi ganvi-Tarebulma movlenebma kidev erTxel gviCvena, rom mTavrobam am problemasTan gasamklaveblad garkveuli strategia unda SeimuSaos.

moskovis dezinformaciuli agitacia _ misi umTavre-si politikuri dRis wesrigi _ seriozuli gamowvevaa Cveni qveynis erovnuli usafrTxoebisaTvis.11 Cvenma mTavrobam amas

11 amasTan dakavSirebiT ix.: Mariam Tsatsanashvili: “Russian Media and Georgia.” In Soft Power: The New Concept of Russian Policy toward Georgia. Tengiz Pkhaladze (Editor). Mtatsmindeli, Tbilisi, 2010, pp. 69-76.

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gacilebiT didi yuradReba unda miaqcios da unda gamoiye-nos yvela SesaZlebloba, rom gaaneitralos da ukuaqcios CrdiloeTidan momdinare dezinformaciuli da propagan-distuli Setevebi. sanam Zalian gviani ar iqneba, Cven unda CamovayaliboT da gavavrceloT moskovis propagandistuli qmedebebis sapasuxo Sefasebebi da miviRoT zomebi rogorc qveynis SigniT, ise mis gareT.

daskvna

dReisaTvis saqarTveloSi gvyavs oTxi tipis msmene-

li: qarTveli, rusulenovani, azerbaijaneli da somexi. gan-sakuTrebiT sayuradReboa msmenelebi ori gamoyofili re-gionidan _ afxazebi da osebi, romelTaTvisac aRar arsebobs arc rusulenovani satelevizio arxi da arc yoveldRiuri gazeTi.

presis Tavisufleba niSnavs, rom garkveuli gazeTebi da eleqtronuli media eweva antidasavlur da `SeparviT~ prorusul propagandas, rac ar Seesabameba Cveni saxelmwi-fos saSinao da sagareo politikis amocanebs.

miuxedavad im faqtisa, rom mediasaSualebebs Soris wamyvani pozicia ukavia televizias, rogorc yvelaze gavle-nian iaraRs sazogadoebrivi azriT manipulirebisa, beWduri mediac, romelic nawilobriv ikavebs internets, dRemde inar-Cunebs mniSvnelovan rolsa da gavlenas.

msmenelTa ricxvi mniSvnelovnadaa damokidebuli resursebis raodenobaze. rodesac dgeba erovnuli usafrT-xoebis problema, ar aris sakmarisi sabazro principebis gam-oyeneba. yvelanairi auditoria, yvelaze patarac ki, rogoric saqarTveloSia, mainc saWiroebs gansakuTrebul yurad Rebas. vfiqrobT, SesaZlebelia gamoiZebnos am problemis mogva-rebis sqema.

aseve aucilebelia arsebobdes propagandis sawinaaRm-dego (amas mavanma SeiZleba sxva saxelic uwodos!) centri, romelic yvela moqalaqesa da medias miawvdis adekvatur in-formacias da Tavis wvlils Seitans xalxTa Soris urTier-TobebSi. es gamodgeba mtruli propagandis damabalansebel iaraRad da Seamcirebs erovnuli usafrTxoebis winaSe arse-bul riskebs.

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specialuri yuradReba unda daeTmos marTlmadide-beli samRvdeloebis reaqciul nawils, romelic sakuTar mrevls antidasavluri propagandiTa da SeTqmulebis Teori-ebiT wamlavs. rusul marTlmadidebel samRvdeloebas mniSv-nelovani gavlena aqvs Cvens samRvdeloebaze da maT Soris mokavSireebsac poulobs.12

amrigad, moskovidan wamosuli sainformacio omi sul ufro Zlierdeba da izrdeba da saWiroebs rogorc adekva-tur Sefasebas, ise saWiro zomebis miRebas.

12 amasTan dakavSirebiT dawvrilebiT ix.: Tengiz Pkhaladze, Giorgi Gvimradze. “The Religion Factor Used by Russia in the Context of ‘Soft Power.’” Soft Power: The New Concept of Russian Foreign Policy toward Georgia. Tengiz Pkhaladze (Editor) Mtatsmindeli. Moscow, 2010, pp. 91-107.

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