errol’s inputs to fly-ash presentation to · pdf filean ancient material for modern day...
TRANSCRIPT
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FLY ASHAN ANCIENT MATERIAL FOR MODERN DAY
CHALLENGES
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The reactions below are the SAME for cement and fly-ash:
[lime + water] CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2 [calcium hydroxide]
[silica oxide + water] SiO2 + 2H2O H4SiO4 [silicic acid]
[calcium silica hydrate] CaH2SiO4 • 2H2O
… a very hard solid with no regular crystalline form but rather having amorphous and interlocking dendrites and flakes …
The Ca/Si ratios are very different; for cement Ca/Si=3 and for fly-ash Ca/Si=0.26 and this together with the fineness gives fly-ash its special pozzolanic properties.
Fly Ash 53% 28% 14% 3%
Cement 22% 4% 64% 2%
SiO2 Al2O3 CaO [lime] Fe2O3
Silica oxide Alumina oxide Calcium oxide Iron oxide
TYPICAL COMPOSITIONS and REACTIONS OF FLY-ASH and CEMENT
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Exploiting the pozzolanic properties
of fly-ash and placing it
at the forefront of solutions
to specific modern-day challenges in
the Philippines.
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1. South Africa
2. Philippines
3. Trends in Legislation
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The following products are being made in
South Africa for the last 10-30 years:
▪ Processed fly-ash (raw material) Slide 10
▪ Special hi-strength concretes Slide 11
▪ Bricks Slide 12
▪ Tiles (roof and pavement) Slide 13
▪ Baths and basins Slide 14
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Road sub-base aggregate Slide 15
Refractories
Mine-shaft props Slide 16
Dolosse Slide 17
Paint Slide 18
Pesticide carrier (developmental)
Agriculture (soil conditioning) (developmental) Slide 19
(continue on THE EXISTING SITUATION)
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FLY-ASH IS A PROBLEM. WHY?
Exists because of the combustion of coal and…
Fly-ash is a waste product of electricity generation
Coal-based electricity generation is still the dominant mode of power generation in most countries (40% in Philippines)
Has been an environmental problem for many years because no significant ash industry exists in the Philippines to consume all the ash.
It is costly to store F/A at the power stations in an environmentally acceptable way.
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TRENDS IN LEGISLATION AROUND THE WORLD
Germany: 100% of ash-utilization by power stations
themselves – otherwise forced closure by that
government;
RSA 25% utilization by power stations and 75% in
partnership with companies in the ash industry.
USA: 25% utilization by power stations and 75% in
partnership with companies in the ash industry.
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The full potential of the properties and chemistry of fly-ash is utilized;
ALL the fly-ash generated by the power stations in the Philippines is consumed;
Fly-ash forms the back-bone of community-development projects in the Philippines
The Philippines possesses a vibrant and commercially viable fly-ash industry that is attractive to investors, Government and local communities.
F/A features in the next revision of the 30-year Philippines Physical Plan as designed by your National Economic and Development Authority.
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Community projects such as housing can be boosted through the use of fly-ash products Slide 30
More employment can be created as a result of the above-mentioned projects and from the manufacturing of fly-ash products Slide 31
The environments around the power stations will benefit because all fly-ash will be removed and consumed elsewhere.
(CONTINUE WITH BENEFITS) BENEFITS continued
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The power stations will save money because there will be no need to create and manage ash stockpiles.
Vulnerable coastal areas will be protected by sea-water breakers made of fly-ash concrete Slide 17
Provincial and barangay infrastructure will be improved (e.g. building / upgrading roads)
Earning “carbon credits” is a possibility because 30% less cement needs to be manufactured
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Power stations could use their fly-ash waste as CSI (Corporate Social Investment) projects in many different ways (as shown in the pictures above).
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Does proven technology exist to make fly-ash products?
Yes, in a several countries for more than 10 years: e.g. South Africa; USA; India; UK, Netherlands.
Do fly-ash products have good quality ?
Yes, when mixed raw with cement the quality is good; but when the fly-ash is pre-treated, the final fly-ash/cement products or the 100% fly-ash products are superior to existing products.
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Are fly-ash products expensive?
No, especially if supplied free by the power stations. The fly-ash products are cheaper than competing cement/clay products (especially in the areas surrounding the power stations).
Are fly-ash products difficult to manufacture?
No, they are as easy and quick to make than competing products using modern technology.
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TUNNEL-KILN FOR BRICK-MAKING
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VERTICAL STACK BRICK KILN
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Fly-ash in the Philippines is a waste material generated by coal-fired power stations at a rate of approximately 300 000 tons per annum.
Fly-ash poses a serious environmental risk and has to be managed effectively by all power stations in the Philippines, at great cost.
Based on my initial evaluation, fly-ash utilization/beneficiation is underdeveloped in the Philippines.
A huge opportunity exists for the Filipino nation to use fly-ash to boost housing, infrastructure and coastal protection projects.
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THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR LISTENING