eski türklerde toplumsal siyaset anlayışı

7/30/2019 Eski Trklerde Toplumsal Siyaset Anlay

1/22

F Q K P X K I F X @ F P M Z I V D Q G I Q R G Q F PG E I G R B B

Pbdvx H% @GSIFPMS

~fpLed~`f mi`vv lbhb fqkb `efdifx`f `f Pxkifx qmqrgi qbrgqfp gigee`g

fbpib vrlvigdgigx qgobhb midv) hveveig bilbib `f ofd rg~pigx ofd `f `fqpge)dgqgi lbhb q~i f`fhbrgp kgregkigxe`g mk qgr`g b~ hxgkdigx`x% Hveigxebeafifebz le eg kgxidgq sf led~`f hv gige`gkb `vxvdigkrgqigedgq mk efdib hbx gige pfdqbi fpdfkpf`bx% Hv gxgpxdg`g `g hv gige

~fxbe`f Pxkf) fqkb Pxkf) Ogkgqg) Xvqg sf elbib~af kgregkigxergx`drig `vxvidvpvx%

Gegopgx kfibdfifx> Pxk ogikigx) fqkb Pxkifx) qmqrgi qbrgqfp) OgkgqPxkifxb) Pxk `fqpgeigx

Pof Zxgapbaf mc Qmabgi Zmibar be Geabfep Pvxkq

Ghqpxgap

Pvxkq ogsf ffxabqf` sgxbmvq zxgapbafq be pof cbfi` mc qmabgi zmibar be

geabfep zfxbm`q gq |fii be em|g`grq) ge` ogsf ifcp g imp mc dgxkq me geabfep

Pvxkba fzbpgzofq) beqaxbzpbmeq) be qvao qmvxafq mc sfxhgi ibpfxgpvxf ibkf fzbaq)

pgifq% Bp bq sfxr bdzmxpgep pm qfgxao ge` xfqfgxao pomqf qmvxafq ge` amdzgxf pofd

|bpo zxfqfep qbpvgpbme be pobq cbfi`% Be pobq xfqfgxao gvpomx ogq ameafepxgpf` msfx

pofqf qmvxafq hr vqbel xfifsgep ibpfxgpvxf be Pvxkbqo) geabfep Pvxkba) Kogkgq)

Xvqqbge ge` Felibqo igelvglfq%

Kfr |mx`q> Pvxkba zfmzifq) geabfep Pvxkq) qmabgi zmibar) Kogkgq Pvxkq)

Pvxkba fzbaq


2/22

Pxkbrgp Gxgpxdgigx?8

Lbxb

Hv rg~`g fqkb Pxk èfdbe`f vrlvigege qmqrgi zmibpbkg geigr

~fxbe`f `vxvidvpvx% Geagk me`ge eaf hv lbxb hide`f fqkb Pxkkgsxgd ~fxbe`f ~gdgeqgi sf dfkeqgi hmrvp fxfsfqbe`f `vxvidvpvx%Hveve hrif rgzidgqe`gkb gdg) q~ f`bife hv èfdbe pgxboqfi hgigd`gogelb èfdf `fek lfi`bbeb gkg mxpgrg kmrdgk) hrifaf kgsxgdkgxdggqe`ge kgedgkp% Q~ kmevqv hv èfd`fkb qmqrgi qbrgqfp bqf `mgimigxgk qmqrgi qblmxpg hmrvpve`g `fbi) qmqrgi rgx`d rgkigd hgigde`gbx`fifedbpbx%

Fqkb Pxk èfdbe`f qmqrgi qbrgqfp geigr kmevqveve qfbdbeb) hvkmeveve gxgpxidgq lfxfkfe hbx gige migxgk giligedgqe`ge

kgregkigedgkpg`x% Hv èfd`fkb qmqrgi qbrgqfp rgkigde gxgpx`kgPxkifxbe ~le pvpvd sf vrlvigdgigxe`ge q~ f`fhbifafb~% Gre ~gdge`g `ghrif hbx gxgpxdgee efpbafqbe`f sgxigagk kgxqgdgigx gqie`g Pxk qmqrgiqbrgqfpbe è bif hvle kgxigpxdgk gqe`ge mk fisfxbib hbx ~fdbemivpvxghbibx%

Fqkb Pxk èfdbe`f qmqrgi qbrgqfp geigr `mxvipvqve`g bqfled~`f Dmmibqpgee kv~frbe`fkb Mxome Bxdg ogs~gqe`g hvivege sfèrg`g fkbi hfe~fxibb bpbhgxbrif Xebk migxgk `g gìge`xige fqkb Pxkrg~pigxe`ge rgxgxigeidpx%

Hveve rge qxg q~i f`fhbrgp xefkifxb mige kgoxgdgeik `fqpgeigx`ge`g bqpbcg`f f`bifafkpbx% ~fiibkif Gipgr sf Qgrge `gigx hilfqbe`f f~fi`fe hfxbrfxifbk hvivege Rfebqfr Kxl~igx sf meigxe qmrve`ge lfife OgkgqPxkifxbebe kgoxgdgeik `fqpge lfifefbef kmev kgzqgde`g rfx sfxbidbpbx%Ogkgq Pxkifxbef gbp `fqpge lfifefbef rfx sfxbidfqbebe ef`feb OgkgqigxeGipgr sf Qgrge hilfqbebe rfxib ogikigxe`ge midgq lfxfbe`fekgregkigedgkpg`x%

Dbpmimnbrf `gobi mivz geigpigxe lfefi`f èrgee rgxgpidgqe`ge

bpbhgxfe hgigpge `fqpgeigx`g kfqbe migxgk pgxbob èfdifxb pgkbz f`bidfqbebe lmidgq ef`febrif fqkb Pxk èfdb mk lfeb ~gdgeqgi fxfsf`f fif giedmivz) rgie~ag DQ% SB$SBBB% rrigxrig qexi pvpvidgdpx% Hv bpbhgxig fqkbPxk èfdb kgsxgd hv gidg`g ~gdge hmrvpve`g led~`fe eaf) rgebXvqigxe Lefr Qbhbxrgrg lfidfqbebe svkv hvi`vv _SBB$_SBBB% r~riigxg`fbe v~gege fpemlxgcrg èfdbrif Dbigppge eafkb èfdb kgzqgrgagk

hbbd`f kviigeidpx% D%% èfdf bibkbe migxgk kmev hgigde`g fibdb~`fofx ogelb hbx rg~i kgregk hvivedg` ef`febrif hv èfdf refibk gxgpxdgq~i ogik f`fhbrgp xefkifxbebe bfxbk ~difdfqb rmivrig rxpidfrf

giidpx%


3/22

F q k b P x k i f x ` f P m z i v d q g i Q b r g q f p G e i g r ?1

Fqkb Pxk èfdb kgsxgde `gog `g gghbidfk bbe hv kgsxgdig bilbibhbxkg gkigdgrg rfx sfxdfk `gog ig~d% Gdg me`ge eaf Pxk pgxbobkgsxgde `g fif gidgkpg cgr`g sgx% Pxk pgxbob) pgeed Pxk qmqrmimligxe`ge

Mxoge Pxk`mgeg /8::0> 73" lxf hfibxib kgsbd rg `g rfx`fe ~brg`f Pxk sfhgkg bqbdifx gipe`g Pxk pmzivdigxee hxgkp pgxboifxbe hpe`x% Pxkpgxbob kmevqve`g sfxbife hv pgedigdgee) kmevdv~ bpbhgxbrif `f fqkb Pxkkgsxgdee bbef lbxfe amxgcrg sf kgsbdifx kmevqve`g efdib hbx gkigdgmigxgk kghvi f`bifhbifafb gbkx`x%

Pxk pgxbobebe bqf hfibxib pgxboqfi èfd`f `ffxife`bxfhbidfkmigegkii ree`fe pfkbi fppbb likifx `f hbibedfkpf`bx% Ebpfkbd pgeedPxk qmqrgi hbibdabifxbe`fe hxgobd Kgcfqmiv hvev Pxk pmzivdigxee mkcgxki lfibdf rmiigx) hv rmiigxe mk cgxki dfkeigx`g lfpbb ef`febrif Pxkpgxbobebe ofxogelb hfibxib pgxboqfi ~gdge òbibe`f `ffxife`bxdfebe lmi`vvev bcg`f f`fx /Pxk`mge 8::0> 73"%

Hbeifxaf riik Pxk pgxbobebe hgigel emkpgqe sf rfxbeb pfqzbp fpdfkkmigr midgè) D 0::: riigxeg gbp Gegs kipx bif Gcgegqrfsm /D1:::") Ge`xmemsm /D 7 106$123" qgsvegelxifx `f dfsavppvx% Pxkifxbe hv `feib fqkb pgxboifx`fe hfxb dfsav`brfpbpgkbz f`bifhbife rg `g fe g~e`ge pgodbe f`bifhbife `bibebe sgxi `mgi migxgk~felbe q~i lfifeff rmi gd) ~gdge bfxbqbe`f rg~i qbqpfdf `fèdpx% D 0::: riigx hbx lfxfkqf m ogi`f q~i f`fhbrgp lfifefbe`fefdib hbx rfx pvpge `fqpgeigxe `g bopbsgigx gqe`ge mk fqkb èfdifx`fe3::: rig dfr`ge mkvrgxgk led~f kg`gx hbilb vigpxdgq bopbdgib mk bilbfkbab hbx fr`bx%

Fqkb Pxk kgsxgde pgxboqfi hmrvppg rfxifpbxdfk gèg pgeege be

hbibdabqb \micxgd Fhfxogxè D 7:6:$802 riigxe`g rggrge sf pgxboibpfxgpxe`f Aomvigx migxgk pgeege pmzivdve Pxk mi`vveg bibkbelxef `f rfx sfxdfkpf rgxgx sgx`x /Pxk`mge 8::0> 71"% Hveg bigsfpfe)be pgxbob kgregkigxe bik Pxk refpbabifx`fe D 8:::$7::: riigx`ge hfxb q~fppbbeb `f vevpdgdgk lfxfk /Lelx 8:: 77"%

Kbdb gxgpxdgaigxg lxf bqf Pxk gèe Lk Pxk èfdbe`fe D86::i riigxg `fk be`bbeb fbpib kgregkigx sgqpgqrig b~ifefhbi`bb lbhb Mxpggigx`g `g Dqidgeik èfdbe`f Mxpg Gqrg bif Gk`feb~ amxgcrgqe`grggrge Pxk okd`gxigxee ofd kfe`bifxb ofd `f rghgeaigx pgxgce`ge

7Ogkgq Pxkfqbe`f ogxgqvhvigk) zegx `fdfk


4/22


kgifdf giege kgrpigx`g Pxk g` gipe`g pgedige`kigx lxidfkpf`bx/Ovekge 8::6> 6$78"% Rghgeaigx bfxbqbe`f hbx xefk migxgk 717: rie`gpgdgdigege Agdbp$pfsgxbo gì gidgee dfiibcb pgeed Cgxq pgxbob

Xfb`f``be Cg~iviigo [Xgb`$g`$@beT /7268h> 6$80"% Rgeb) fbpib bqbdifx gipe`gsgxie qx`xfe Pxk pmzivdigx mxpgk hbx kipxfi sf qbrgqb kbdibk migxgk

Pxk gè hfebdqfdb mivz hv ovqvq fbpib rghgea dfefib kgregkigxpgxgce`ge `g li hbx hbbd`f mxpgrg kmedgkpg`x /Fkxfd 8::3> 6$80"%

Rfebqfr Kxl~igxee `g Pxk pmzivdigxeg dfeqvz mi`vvev _S%r~ri`g kgifdf gi` kgrpigxig _BBB% rr Kxl~igxe rggdeg k pvpgepgeed qfrrgo Gh`xxfb` bhe Evx gi$Hgkvsb /Hgki" q~ifx`fexfefhbidfkpfrb~% Gi$Hgkvsb Kxl~ ikfqbebe gipea bkibd hilfqbe`f rfxgiè sf hgigxe`g hbx Ogee mi`vvev hfibxpfxfk Kxl~igxe meigxPxkpx bcg`fqbrif Pxkifxf dfeqvz mi`vvev hbi`bxdbpbx /K~igqms 7221>7:?) 782$71:"%

Hfikb `f fqkb Pxkifx kgsxgd) hvxg`g rfx sfxbife hpe kgregkigx l~eef gieè`g) pgd migxgk bqghfpib hbx kgsxgd migxgk giligedgrghbibx) grxagfqkb Pxkifx kgsxgdrig hfibxib Pxk kgsbdifxbeb grxp fpdfk `f zfk kmigrmidgrghbibx% Geagk q~ kmevqv hv gxgpxdg`g hv kgsxgd ~gdge hmrvpve`gD èfd`fe fpemlxgcrg èfdbef `fk kgzqgrge hbx qxfab) kgsbdifx migxgkbqf fqkb Pxkifx vigighbibx mige kgregkigx`ge ogxfkfpif Lk Pxkifx bifled~ Ogkgqigxe gpgigx Rfebqfr Kxl~igxe bcg`f fpdfkpf`bx%

Hveveig hbxibkpf gxkfmimnbk hmrvppg fqkb Pxk kb hveg zxmpm$Pxk

kgsxgd `g òbi`bx pgxboqfi èfd gqe`ge rfxifpbxdf kgzqgde`ggxkfmimnbk sfxbifxbe efdb hrkpx%


5/22


Pgeed Qmsrfp gxkfmimligxe`ge Kbqfis sf fxebkms rxppkifxbkg~igx qmevave`g Ogkgq$Dbeqv-Dbevqbeqk hilfqbe`f rfx gige Gcgegqrfsm/D 8:::$7 76"%

Qgrge$Gipgr hilfqb bif Ogkgq$Dbevqbeqk Sg`bqb zxmpm$Pxkifxbe bikPxk gegrvx`v migxgk pgedigedgq /Kgcfqmiv 8::6> 68" sf hv pmzxgkigx`gGcgegqrfsm kipx /D 86::$7


6/22


Gre ~gdge`g led~`f hbxhbxbe`fe mk v~gkigx`g rggrge Ogkgq sfQgog Pxkifxbebe `fqpgeigxe`g rfx gige kfqbpifx hrk i`f hfe~fxibkpgdgkpg) hv bqf Ogkgq sf Qgogigxe gpgigxee hbxhbxbef mk rgke rg `g hbx

gxg`g rgg` hbx `efdf bgxfp fpdfkpf`bx% Hveg hfe~fx zgxgifiibkifxQbhbxrg`gkb `bfx Pxk sf Dmmi ogikigxeg gbp `fqpgeigx gqe`geb~bifhbidfkpf) ek hv efdib ovqvq hbx ~gdgeigx hv ogikigxe mxpgk hbxkipxfi `gbxf`f rggrz mxpgk gpgigx dbpmimnbqbe`fe hfqife`bkifxbeblqpfxdfkpf`bx /Dgremlgfsg 722 77$0 6:?) 3:0) 3:6"%

Qmqrgi qbrgqfp) qmqrgibqp pgedigdg rgkigdeg lxf) pmzivd`g qec)vivq) pmzivivk) qmqrgi lxvz) kmiifkpbc sf kbbibkifxbe le`fibk rggep kipxee)`fdmkxgpbkibbebe) qmqrgi g`gifpbebe lfibpbxbidfqb) xfcgoee rkqfipbidfqbefrefibk lb`bgpe ~fi eifdifx rgx`drig mivpvxvidq sf lfxfkifpbxbidfqbebbopbsg f`fe qbrgqb refpbd geigr`x /Qdbxems 72?2> 727"%

Qmqrgi qbrgqfp /qm~bgizmibpbk) zmibpbwvf qmabgif) qmabgi zmibar") pmzivdsf `fsifp pgxgce`ge pmzivdve qmqrgi gige) xfcgo) gidg) rggd sq%Kmviigxee lfibpbxbidfqbef refibk cggibrfpb`bx /Mqbzms 722?> 802"%

Rmkqviivk) rmkqveivk sfrg pfdfi beqgeb lfxfkqbebdifxbekgxigegdgdgq `vxvdvev kgzqgrge sf gqlgxb rg `g rfpfxqb~ lfibx qfsbrfqbeb

hbxg~ gge hbx kgsxgd x /Ge Vxhgeb~bel \mxi` 7223> 7:?"%

Rmkqviivk kmevqvev bqf lffe ri) rgeb 8::< rie`g Xvqrgrgkgpidgqee 1::% ri`ede kvpig` Ogkgq ikfqbebe 1:: ri hmrveag`gobibe`f hvive`vv Xvqrg`g hv kmev`gkb qmqrgi lfibdfifx e`g


7/22

F q k b P x k i f x ` f P m z i v d q g i Q b r g q f p G e i g r ? 3"%Ogppg Xvqrgee bfxbqbe`f fe ~felbe rfx migxgk kghvi f`bi`bbe`fe ofxkfqbe

zgxg kg~gedgk gdgarig lfibz b hvidgrg gip Dmqkmsg`g gxgpxdgkgzqgde`g lxife rvxppgigxe &7:v ~gdge ~gdge fkdfk gide`g zgxgree`fe qkep fkpbb geigidpx /Lmimsgs 8::3> 3"% Gre gxgpxdgrglxf &8? mxgee`g beqgeigx lbrqb gighbidfkpf ~mxigedgkpg`x /Lmimsgs 8::3>3"% 8::: ri bpbhgxbrif Xvqrg`g rmkqviivk qexee gipe`g rggrge rvxppgqgrq 61)6 dbirme kbbr`b /Lmimsgs 8::3> 3"%

Led~ Xvqrgqe`g ecvqve rvkgx`g b~bife qmqrm$fkmemdbkzxmcbibebe rge qxg fqkb Pxk `efdbe`f hv gige`g dfsavp `vxvdg l~


8/22

Pxkbrgp Gxgpxdgigx??

gpidgqee krgqigdg gqe`ge ef `feib rgxgxi migag `gog brb geigighbibx%Fihfppf fqkb Pxk `efdbef bibkbe migxgk led~`f rgzi` lbhb qmqrm$fkmemdbk gxgpxdgigxg bibkbe sfxbifx gqe`ge rxpidfqb mk `gog l

mi`vv `g pgxpidg~`x% Hrif hbx gidgee fqgq migxgk `gog mk `fqpge)dgqgi) grxag fqkb`fe led~f vigge rg~i pgxboqfi kgregkigxg `grgeidgkqvxfpbrif rxpifhbifafb gkpx% Geagk hv lbhb dgi~fdfifxf lsfedfk gqie`gled~`fkb sfxb hgekgigxeg lsfedfk kg`gx lffxib mighbifafb leafqb `fkmigr kmigr hbx kfegxg gpighbifafk hbx fr `fbi`bx%

Qmqrgi lsfeibk /qmabgi qfavxbpr) qm~bgif qbaofxvel) qfavxbpf qmabgif")pmzivdve hbxfrifxbef rg `g hfibxib kfqbdifxbef refibk migxgk dg``b rgx`deqgigedgq sf ob~dfp qvevidgqeg bibkbe fpkbeibkifx) cmeigxe hpe`x/Mqbzms 722?> 8:3"% Grxag) gegrgqgi `~fr`f hbxfrifxbe qmqrgi ogkigxelgxgepb gipeg gige eifdifxbe sf ovkvkb emxdigxe hpee bcg`f f`fe qmqrgilgxgepb kgsxgd /Mqbzms 722?> 6:" sgx`x% Fqkb pmzivdigx`g ~fiibkif hv gige`govkvkqgi geigd`g ofxogelb lgxgepb kgzqgde`gkb ogkpge q~ fpdfk hfikb `f lmighbibx% Geagk fqkb Pxk rg~pigxeg sf fqkb`fe led~f vigge `fqpgeigx`gkbdfpbeifxf lsfebibxqf qmev bpbhgxbrif fqkb Pxk pmzivdve`g qmqrgi qbrgqfpbeqmevigxee fe g~e`ge hfrge `~frbe`f rg `g lfxfkpfe `f vrlvigedgqqfsbrfqbe`f sgxie`ge q~ f`bidfqb q~ kmevqv mighbibx%

Dbp) lfxfkibbe) fqkb kipxifx`f qfdhmibk$dmpbcib fkibe`f hbibefe pfk

gkigdgq mivz fpebk qmqrm$kipxfi hmrvppg beqge `gsxgeigxee xefkifxbebbopbsg f`fe hbx kgregkpx /Hfr`bib 8::6> 1


9/22


cgxki migxgk i cbkbx sf geigrigx`ge bhgxfp `fbi`bx% lfi) Pxk dbpmimnbqbebhbx ogrgp rmiv migxgk hfpbdifdb sf pmzivdg hbbd sfxfe sf hv hbbdb`fefpifrfe hbx fbp hbilb sf `eaf hgekgq migxgk hfpbdifdbpbx /slbe 8::6>

6$


10/22

Pxkbrgp Gxgpxdgigx2:

vrlvigdgee pfqbe`f rgx`d fe brb hbbd`f rgzdgrg ~fe lqpfx`bbef `fpgek mivedgkpg`x% Ebpfkbd gp midg` bbe rgrg kgige kbdqfifxf qg`fafqxg`ge hbx gp sfxdfkif rfpbedfrbz) Ovhge Gx gpe fe brbqb midgqeg `bkkgp

fppbb qmevaveg `g sgxdgk migegki`x% Gre hbbd`f lbrbd$kvgd`ge rmkqverggrge kbdqfifxbe lbrbdbe fe brbqb bif `fqpfkife`bbeb geigdgk ddke`x%

Hrif hbx lgrxfp gre ~gdge`g fqkb Pxkifx pmzivdve`g kfqbe hbxhbbd`f rmkqviivk `febifdf~qf `gob qmqrm$fkmemdbk g`ge `f~gsgepgnikbdqfifxbe hvive`vveg bgxfp fpdfkpf`bx% Geagk hrif kbdqfifxf refibk`fsifp refpbdbebe qmqrgi qbrgqfp vrlvigdgigxee q~ kmevqv mi`vv `glxidfkpf`bx% Gqie`g hrif hbx lfxfkibbe `fqpgeigx`g lb~ifedfqb rfxbef gksf ogppg zigk hbx hbbd`f mxpgrg kmevidgq Pxk dbpmimnbqbebe ~e mivpvxge`fqpgeigxg refibk lsfefhbibxibk `~frb ifobef bifrfe hbx `vxvd`vx%

Ogkgeik lxfsbef rfeb hgigrge Ovhge Gxe hrif hbx frifdbegx`e`ge bik qrifsbef `f hvxg`g rfx sfxbidfqb rgxgxi migag kgeqe`gr~%Hveveig hbxibkpf q~ kmevqv `fqpgee hgkgoxgdgeee kmevdgee rfxbef bikeaf qmqrgi rgx`d sf `fqpfk bfxbkib baxggppge hgigdgqee mk bilbe hbx emkpgmi`vvev hvxg`g svxlvigdgk bqpfxb~% Ovhge Gxe rfeb lxfs`flfxfkifpbxdb mi`vv bik kmevdgq bqf v fkbi`f midvpvx>

Gikpg kbdqf kgidgqe)G [sfTrfdfbe fe brbqbeb rbrbeb~%

Lbrbdqb~ sf kvgdq~gzviigx lbrbebz kbdqf `migdgqe)Lbrbdbe fe brbqbeb lbrbeb~%

Zgxg kgxi kbdqf qdxidfqbe)Ogik kbdqf hgqk gipeg gidgrg kgikdgqe)Rgie~ kvivev gp f`beb~)Rgie~ hgigr fx rgze~%%%

rbibk sf `~fe bbe`f rggre~)Hbxibk) `bxibk sf hfxghfxibk bbe`f mivev~%

Rgke`g rvxpiv ogikigHm~vdg`ge) brbibksf `~fe bbe`f rggre~%%% /Ovhge Gx 8::3> ?2"%

Rvkgx`g sfxbife `fqpge`ge xefk kfqbppf `fsifp refpbabqbebe rgie~agpmzivdve bbe`f fe ~grc kfqbdifxf refibk migxgk qmqrgi rgx`d vrlvigdgqeerge qxg ogike kfe`bqbef `f hbx pgkd pifx sfxdfkpf`bx% Hv pifxbe bqf)pmzivdve bbe`f gxpk `fsifp rg `g ikf refpbdb pgxgce`ge `fbi) pmzivdvdfr`geg lfpbxfe hbxfrifxbe kfe`b gxgigxe`g qmqrgi `grgedgr pfsbk f`babdgobrfppf mi`vv bcg`f f`bifhbibx% xefbe hv `fqpge`ge lfpbxbife kfqbppf) `bxibk)

hbxibk sf `grgedg bbe`f rggeidgqrig hbxibkpf pmzivdve bbe`f hbxfrifxbe

hgkgigxe qdxdfrf sf ogik hgqk gipeg gidgrg kgikidgdgq ree`fikf refpbdbebe pvpvdv gk hbx hbbd`f b~bidfkpf`bx% Qmev migxgk) rvkgx`g


11/22

F q k b P x k i f x ` f P m z i v d q g i Q b r g q f p G e i g r 27

sfxbife kqg xefkifx`fe rmig kgxgk) fqkb Pxkifx`f qmqrgi qbrgqfpbe rgie~ag`fsifp$rmkqvi hbxfr `~ifdbe`f `fbi) gre ~gdge`g hbxfr$hbxfr rg `g pmzivd$

hbxfr `~ifdifxbe`f `f vrlvige e bcg`f fpdfk migegki`x%

Geige `fqpgee dfpebe`f fqkb Pxk èfdbe`f refpbabifxberefppbkifxb ogik sgxiki pvpdgrg refibk rgkigdigxe `mxvigrge q~ifx

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Rfxib ogik [~fxbe`fT refpbdbeb qx`)Gpq~ kbbrb gpg hbe`bx`b)Lbrbdqb~ kbbrf lbrqb lbr`bx`b)

6Kgei ki


12/22

Pxkbrgp Gxgpxdgigx28

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li kgge mi`vve`ge `gog brb rgzpd /Ki$Pflbe 8::1> 718) 761"


13/22


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qgrige ogikg rif qfqifedbpbx>Efxf`fe lfi`brqfeb~) rfxib ogik)

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kfe`bqbef gbp dgie pfqzbp f`fafk sf ~ rvx`veg lpxfafkpbx% Gre ~gdge`g~lxief kgsvpvxvige ogik kfe`bqbef gbp midgrge dgig `mkvedgrgagkpx%Rgeb) qgsg mxpgde`g hbif ofd pvpqgk f`bidb rghgea ogikg ofd `f dgivz


14/22


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15/22


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2mavk


16/22


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17/22


L~ifxb l~fi rfxib pdfe

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71 Zgipm70

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M qfef `mvxdgrgagk mige


18/22

Pxkbrgp Gxgpxdgigx2?

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Gp rgsxvqv


19/22


kmev hgigde`g pgoibi f`bidbpbx% Kgregkigxe gxgqe`g hgiag OgkgqPxkifxbebe kgoxgdgeik `fqpgeigx sf fqkb Pxk dfpbeifxb pfdfi giedpx% FqkbPxkifx`f qmqrgi qbrgqfp geigr hgigde`g rgzige dfpbe ~difdfqbe`f

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