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eessoovveePPAAEENNnnaa MMssþþ IIBBIICCMMnnaajjbbNNþþ úú HHbbNNþþaall

� et IC Mn a j G VIxøH E dl R t Uv k a rsR m a bet IC Mn a j G VIxøH E dl R t Uv k a rsR m a bet IC Mn a j G VIxøH E dl R t Uv k a rsR m a bet IC Mn a j G VIxøH E dl R t Uv k a rsR m a b ;; ;; k a r k a r k a r k a r b NþúH b N þa l b NþúH b N þa l b NþúH b N þa l b NþúH b N þa l ????

� Kn øwH n a na sR m a bKn øwH n a na sR m a bKn øwH n a na sR m a bKn øwH n a na sR m a b ;; ;; eF VIk a rbN þúH bN þa leF VIk a rbN þúH bN þa leF VIk a rbN þúH bN þa leF VIk a rbN þúH bN þa l

al Department of Local A

2

Project on Improvement of Local Administration in Cambodia (PILAC)

Ministry of Interior and Japan International Cooperation Agency

Manual on Training Skills

m at ik am at ik am at ik am at ik a

1> et ICM n a j G VIxøHE d lR t Uv k a rsR m a b;k a rbNþúHbNþa l ? T s Sna T a n én k a rsRm bsRm Yl> >>>> >>> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> > > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>5 k a rsik Sa rbs;m n us SeB j v ½y> >> >>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >> >> >>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>>7

2> Kn ø wH na na sR m ab;eF VIk a rbNþúH bNþa l Kn øwH na na m un n wg eF VIk a rb NþúH b Nþa lKn øwH na na m un n wg eF VIk a rb NþúH b Nþa lKn øwH na na m un n wg eF VIk a rb NþúH b Nþa lKn øwH na na m un n wg eF VIk a rb NþúH b Nþa l

k a rpSB VpSa yB ½t ’m a n Ca m un >> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>> >> >> >> >> >>1 0 T Ik E nøg n ig b riya k a s>>> >> >> >> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >>>> >>>> >>> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >>1 1 k a rero bc Mt u nig ek A GI>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >>>> >>> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >>1 2 k a rp þl;k ic ©k a rmun ¬k a rg a rsR m a b;eF VIm un v K ÁbNþ úHbN þa l¦> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >>> >>>1 3

Kn øwH na na k ñúg eB lKn øwH na na k ñúg eB lKn øwH na na k ñúg eB lKn øwH na na k ñúg eB l eF VIk a rb N þúHb Nþa leF VIk a rb N þúHb Nþa leF VIk a rb N þúHb Nþa leF VIk a rb N þúHb Nþa l \ri ya b T rbs;G ñk sR m bsRm Yl> >>> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>>1 5 T Mn a k ;T Mn g l¥> >> >> >> >> >>> >>>> >>>> >> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>> >> >> >> >> >> >>1 6 k a rB iPak Sa Rkum > >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >> >> >> >>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>1 7 E l,g f a mB leB lep þIm v KÁ (Ice-Breaking).................>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>> >> >> >20 E l,g f a mB l (Energizer).................>> >> >>>> >>> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>> >> >> >> >>21

Kn øwH na na b nÞa bKn øwH na na b nÞa bKn øwH na na b nÞa bKn øwH na na b nÞa b ;; ;; BIe F VIk a rbN þúH b Nþa lBIe F VIk a rbN þúH b Nþa lBIe F VIk a rbN þúH b Nþa lBIe F VIk a rbN þúH b Nþa l Bin it üe L Ig v ij B Ik a rsR mbsR m Yl pÞa l;x øÜn >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >>> >> >>> >>> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >>2 2

]]]] b smb smb smb sm << << n æ½n æ½n æ½n æ½

]b sm <n æ½ 1 ³ k rN Is ik Sa na n a s þIB Ika rB iPa k Sa Rk um ]b sk m <n æ½ 2³ l Mh a t ;n a n a sR m a b;El ,g f a mB l (Ice-Breaking) ]b sk m <n æ½ 2³ l Mh a t ;n a n a sR m a b;El ,g f a mB l (Energizer)


3




snÞanuRkm

k a rsR mbsR mYl

k a rsR mbsR mYlKW Ca sk m µP a B n ig Ca d MeNI rk a ré n k a rCY yR k um m Yy [eF V IG VIm Y yk a n;E t ga yR s Yl t a m m eF üa )a yn a na dUc Ca k arB iPa k Sa bBa ða n ig k a rpþl;G n usa s n_ Ca Ca g k a rbB a ¢a[eKeF V I .

k a rsik Sa rbs;m n us S eB lv½y

B ak üfa “k a rs ik Sa rb s;m n u s SeB lv ½y” KWeR b Ied Im ,I ep þa t elIPa B xusKña rv a g k a rbNþúHbN þa lT UeT A nig k a rbNþúHbNþa l k ñúg eKa lb MNg pøa s;b þÚr n Uv \ri ya bT rWT m øa b;rbs;s ik ça ka m E dlCa m n us SeB j v½y . B ak üfa “Andragogy” R t Uv) a n eKeR b I Ca R k b xNÐ½k a rg a rhVwk h VWn sR m a b; k a r s ik Sa rbs;m n us SeB j v ½y .

T Mna k;T Mn g l¥ “Rapport”

T Mn a k;T Mn g l¥ “Rapport” KWCa T Mn a k ;T Mn g s ñit s ña lE dlyl; Kña eT A v ij eT A m k) a n l¥ . T Mna k ;T Mn g l¥en Hm a n sa r³ s Mxa n ; Na s;m un n wg eF VIk a r sR m b sR m Yl Rk um m Yy .

v iF Isa ® s þeda ye l Ik k rNIs ik Sa

v iF Isa ®s þeda ye lIk yk k rNI KW Ca b ec©k eT sb NþúHb Nþ a lR kum m Yy k ñúg ka rv iPa K n ig eF VIesc k þIse R m c cit þeda ym a n Ék sa rn ana B n ül;elI eh t uk a rN_ Ca k ;E s þg . k a rNIs ik Sa ¬viF Isa ®s þ¦k ¾R t Uv ) a ne KeR b IR) a s ; p g E drk ñúg n ½yen H .

E l,g fa mB l Ice Breaking

E l,g fa mB l Ice Breaking KWCa sk m µPa B xøIm YyE dl e F VIe LIg ed Im,I C Yy [s ik ça k a m b M) a t;n Uv k a rP½y xøa ck ñúg v KÁb Nþú HbN þa l n ig ¼rWp þl ; nUv G a rm µ N_ eya K yl; Kña k ñúg c MeNa m s ik ç a ka m n a na . kñúg k rNICa eR cI n sk m µPaB enH R t Uv) a n eKeF VIe LIg eB lca b ;epþIm E pñk d Mb Ug é n v KÁbN þú HbNþ a l .


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E l,g fa mB l Energizer

E l,g fa mB l Energizer KWCa s k m µPaB xøIm YyE dlbeg áI t n Uv Ga rm µN_é n k a r k a reR to m lk çN³rYc Ca eRs c n ig b M) a t ;nUv Pa B t a n t wg n a n aed Im ,Ie ron E p ñk ¬session) b nÞa b ; rWk a rs ik Sa n a na . E l,g fa mB l Energizer y:a g eRc In B a k ;B næ½n wg s k m µPa B ka ysb,T a .




et IC Mn aj GVIx øH Ed l Rt Uv ka r s Rm abet IC Mn aj GVIx øH Ed l Rt Uv ka r s Rm abet IC Mn aj GVIx øH Ed l Rt Uv ka r s Rm abet IC Mn aj GVIx øH Ed l Rt Uv ka r s Rm ab

et IC Mn aj G VIx øH Edl Rt Uv k ar s Rm abet IC Mn aj G VIx øH Edl Rt Uv k ar s Rm abet IC Mn aj G VIx øH Edl Rt Uv k ar s Rm abet IC Mn aj G VIx øH Edl Rt Uv k ar s Rm abRb s ineb Iey Ig c g ;ep þa t elICM nm a ns resren A k ñúg es ov ePA ENna MNa m Yyk a rbNþúHbNþa l m a nm ink M NteT A m Yyéf ¶ . dUc e nHes ov ePA e nHn i ya yB IR bFa nbT Ca m Uldæa n n ig T Ue T A na naE dldMb Ug E dlR t Uv k a rb egáIt k a rbNþú HbNþa le da yB Yk eKKµa nc MeN Hd wg E dlB Yk eKKµa nc Me NHdwg Edl B ak ;B n æ½na na . “T s Sna Ta né nk a rsR m bsRm Ylero b cMk a rbNþúHb Nþa l . T s Sna T a nTa Mg ena HKWm a nsa r

T s Sna T a né nk a rsR m bsRm YlT s Sna T a né nk a rsR m bsRm YlT s Sna T a né nk a rsR m bsRm YlT s Sna T a né nk a rsR m bsRm Yl

“KW Ca G ñk E dlCY yR k um m YyG n usa sn _ .l. Ca Ca g ka rRsomething more easily by discussing problem, giving advice, etc. rather than telling

them what to do)”

1111

Facilitator

Multifunctional

personnel

Group Work


Improvement of Local Administration in Cambodia (PILAC)

and Japan International Cooperation Agency

on Training Skills

e t IC Mn aj GVIx øH E dl Rt Uv ka r sRm abe t IC Mn aj GVIx øH E dl Rt Uv ka r sRm abe t IC Mn aj GVIx øH E dl Rt Uv ka r sRm abe t IC Mn aj GVIx øH E dl Rt Uv ka r sRm ab ;; ;; k a rb N þúH b N þa l k a rb N þúH b N þa l k a rb N þúH b N þa l k a rb N þúH b N þa l ????

e t IC Mn ajG VIx øH E dl Rt Uv k ar sRm abe t IC Mn ajG VIx øH E dl Rt Uv k ar sRm abe t IC Mn ajG VIx øH E dl Rt Uv k ar sRm abe t IC Mn ajG VIx øH E dl Rt Uv k ar sRm ab ;; ;; k a rb N þúH b N þal k a rb N þúH b N þal k a rb N þúH b N þal k a rb N þúH b N þal ???? epþa t elICMn a j n a n a sRm a b;k a rbNþúHb Nþa l [) a n R Kb; lk çN³

es o v ePA ENna MNa m Yy[) a n R Kb;lk ç N³ eT . CMn a j E dlR t Uv k a rn a n ak a rbNþúHbNþa lm a n m in k M Nt ;eT ehIy CMna j na na n wg G PivD Æe LIg k ñúg E pñk ena HB I

es o v ePA e n Hn i ya yB IR bF a nbT Ca m Uld æa n n ig T UeT A n a n aE dl) a n eR CIserIss Rm a bd Mb Ug E dlR t Uvk a rbeg áIt k a rbNþú HbNþa le da yB Yk eKKµa n c MeN Hd wg E dlB Yk eKKµa n c Me NHd wg E dl

T s Sn aT a n én k a rsR m b sRm Yl” nig “k a rs ik Sa rb s;m n us SeB j v ½y” KW Ca m Ul dæa n m Yy. v a m a n lkçN³ G rUb Iy n i g min c a M) a c ;eF VIk a rG n uv t þeT b

KWm a ns a r³s Mxa n ; .

T s Sn a T a n é n k a rsR m b sRm YlT s Sn a T a n é n k a rsR m b sRm YlT s Sn a T a n é n k a rsR m b sRm YlT s Sn a T a n é n k a rsR m b sRm Yl

KW Ca G ñk E dlCY yR k um m Yy [eF V IG VI ²k a n ;E t ga yR s Yl Ca g muneda y eF VIk a rB iPa k Sa bB a ða k a rpþlCa Ca g ka rR ) a b;n UvG VI xø HE dlR t Uv eF VI (A person who helps a group do

something more easily by discussing problem, giving advice, etc. rather than telling

dk R sgdk R sgdk R sgdk R sg ;; ;; e c j B Ie c j B Ie c j B Ie c j B I Oxford Advanced

Dictionary

Facilitator

Group Work

Neutarl Person

5

³ en a Hva B it Ca m in CMn a j E dl Rt Uvk a rn a na s R ma b;

G P ivD Æe LIg k ñúg E pñk en a HBIm Yyé f ¶

a neR CIserIss R m a b;Gñk s ik Sa d Mb Ug E dl R t Uv k a rbeg áIt k a rbNþú HbNþa le da yB Yk eKKµa n c MeN Hd wg E dlB Yk eKKµa n c Me NH d wg E dl

KWCa m Uld æa n m YysR m a b;k ar t þeT b:uE n þk a ryl;B I

Et ga yR s YlCa g m uneda y eF VIk a rB iPa k Sa bB a ða k a rpþl; (A person who helps a group do

something more easily by discussing problem, giving advice, etc. rather than telling

Oxford Advanced


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k a rpþl ;ni ym n ½ yén B a k ü “k a rsR m bsR mYl” E d lÉk PaB Kña m Yyen a Hm i n Em nCa k a rg a rga y Rs YleT . Ba k üen HrYm m a n Gt þn ½ yE dlm a n t Yna T IepSg ²Kña n a n a eh Iye yIg m in G a crkB ak üNa m Yym k CMn YsB a k üen HT aMg Rs ug) a n eT . edIm ,I yl ;B IB ak üf a “ka rsR m b sR mYl” eK) a ndk Rs g ;n Uv n iym n ½yé n B a k ü “G ñk sR m bsR mYl” ecj B Ivc n a n uR k m G g;eKøsE d leKn iym eR b IR) a s ;dU c E dl ) a n bgða j CUn xa g elI . n i ym n ½ yxa g el I m a n lkçN³ s M xa n ; b I³

T Im Yy T Im Yy T Im Yy T Im Yy ³³³³ Gñk sR m b sR mYlm i n E m nb Ba ¢a [R k um B ak ;B n æ½m Y yeF VIG VIm Y yeT b:uE nþ CY yB Yk eK [eF VIG V I ²t a m RKb;m eF üa ) a yn a n a . en A eB l EdlR k um m YyR t Uvk a rCMn a j nig cMeNHd wg xø H²en a H G ñk sR m bsR mYl eF VIk a rg a rCa R KU] eT Þse d Im ,I C Y ys m a Cik k ñúg R k um rbs;xø Ün [T T Yl) a n n Uv CMn a j n ig c Me NHd wg T aMg ena H. en A eB lE dlen A k ñúg Rk um d Me NIrk a rm in l¥ eda ys a rE t m an C em øa Hé p Þk ñg en a HG ñk sRm bs Rm Yleb Ik s ik ça sa la m YyCa k kþa l Ik rCY yC Mruj [m a n k a rBiPa k Sa ed Im ,I eda HRs a ynUv Cem øa Hen a H . k ñúg k rNIepSg eT ot G ñk sRm bs Rm YlG a cp þl;G n usa sn _B Ireb ob eda H R sa ynUv Ce m øa HNa m Yyb :uE n þ G nusa sn _ena Hm in E m n Ca d Me Na HR sa ypÞa l;ena HeT va R Ka n ;E t Ca d MeN Irk a r rWv iF I s a ®s þed Im ,Ie da H Rs a ybBa ða E t b:ueN Ña H .

T IB IrT IB IrT IB IrT IB Ir ³³³³ G ñk sR mb sR mYlR t Uv eF VIk a rg a rCa Rk um . Rbs in eb In rNa m ña k ;R t Uvk a rCMn Y y rWG n usa sn_ edIm ,Ie da HR sa ys ßa n Pa B lM) a k Nam Yyena H eKG a c eR b IR) a s;n Uv viF Isa ®s þd Uc Ca ka rbeR g o n rWk ar ENn a M .

T Ib I T Ib I T Ib I T Ib I ³³³³ ebIeT a Hb ICa ni ym n ½ yxa g elIen Hm in) a n bg ða j [)a n c, a s;la s;k ¾eda y k ¾G ñk sR m bsR mYl m inE m n Ca sm a Cik é nR k um E dl B ak ;B n æ½eT . P aB GB üa Rk wt üKWs M xa n; Na s ;sR m a b;k a rsR m bsR mYl Rk um . b:uE n þl½k ç x½ NÐe nHm i n s uT æE t Rt wm R tUv en a HeT k ñúg k a rG n uv t þCa k;E s þg . G ñk R Kb;RKg rWG ñk d wk n a M Rk um G a c R tUv ) a n eKes ñI [eF VI k a rg a rCa G ñk sR m b sR mYl . k a rsR mbs R mYleR b IR ) a s;)a n k ñúg s ßa n Pa B Ca eR cIn ehI yk a rbNþúHb Nþa lCa E pñk m Y yE dlR t Uv k a r k a rsR mbs R mYl .


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k a rs ik Sa rbsk a rs ik Sa rbsk a rs ik Sa rbsk a rs ik Sa rbs ;; ;; m n us S eB j v½ym n us S eB j v½ym n us S eB j v½ym n us S eB j v½y

en A eB lE dl eyIg cg ;ero bc Mk a rbNþúHbNþa l rWk ¾E pñk é n k a rb NþúHm Y y e n a He KKYr yl; [) a n c ,a s; B Ic rik lk çN³ n a n a ²rb s;m n u s SeB j v ½y . úk a ryl ;B Ic rik lk çN³en Hs M xa n;B ies sNa s ; R b s in eb IG ñk beg áIt k a rb NþúHb N þa lc g ;CYys ik ça k a m E dlCa mn us SeB j v½ye n a H[ero n s UR t t am ry³ v KÁb Nþú Hb N þa l . k a ryl;d¾s M xa n ;m Y y KWf a k a rs ik Sa rbs ;m nus SeB j v ½yKYr E t Rt Uv) a n eKR bR Bwt þeLIg xus Kña B Is is S b z m sik S a ehIyviF Isa ® s þE dle Kc Ul c it þeR b Ik ñúg sa l a en a Hk ¾m ins m R sbE drcMe B a HGñk s ik Sa Edl Ca m n us SeB j v½y . c MNu c xa g eRk a m en HCa c MNu c ca b ;epþIm l¥ n a n a ed Im ,Iq ø úHbB a ©a MgB Ika rE bg E ck crik lkçN³ é nk a rs ik Sa rb s;m n us SeB j v ½yk ñúg v KÁb Nþú HbNþa l .

b T B ie sa Fnb T B ie sa Fnb T B ie sa Fnb T B ie sa Fn __ __ pÞa lpÞa lpÞa lpÞa l ;; ;; xøÜnxøÜnxøÜnxøÜn � G ñk s ik SaE dl Ca m n us SeB j v ½ym k cUl rYm k ñúg v KÁb Nþú Hb Nþa leda yB Yk eKm a n bT B iesa F n_eR c In

n ig epSg ²Kña eh Iyv iF Id ¾l¥ b Mp ut en a HKWk a reR b IR ) a s;n Uv b T B iesa Fn _rbs ;B Yk eKk ñúg dMe NIrk a rén k a r s ik Sa .

� k a reR bIn Uv bT B iesa F n_T aMg ena H[) a n l¥e n a HKWk a reR b obeF o bn Uv cMe NH d wg B Im unrbs ; G ñk s ik Sa Ca m Yyn wg c MeN Hd wg f µI rWk ¾Ca m Yyn wg s ßa n Pa B f µIm YyE dle Kr MB wg Tuk .

k a rel Ik T wk c it þk a rel Ik T wk c it þk a rel Ik T wk c it þk a rel Ik T wk c it þ � G ñk s ik SaE dlCa m n us SeB j v ½ye ro n) a nl¥b Mp ut eB lE dlxø wm sa rén k a rb Nþú Hb Nþa lR t Uv n wg

c MNa b;G a rm µN_ n ig t R m Uvk a rrbs;x øÜn .

� G ñk begáIt k a rbNþúHbNþa l R t Uv R) a k dBIPa B Ca b;T a k;T g rv a g xøwm sa ré nk a rbNþúHbN þa l n ig t R m Uv k a r nig cMNa b;G a rmµN_ rbs; s ik ça ka m m unn wg eF VIk a rbNþú H bNþa l .

r eb ob e ron e p Sgr eb ob e ron e p Sgr eb ob e ron e p Sgr eb ob e ron e p Sg ²²²² � k a rero nrbs ;m nus SeB j v ½y epSg ²B IKña eR B a HB Yk eKm a n ka rG Piv D Æe LIg epSg ²B IKña Edr .


8




� ed Im ,IR Kb ;R Kg nUv c rik lk çN³ T a Mg en a H G ñk ero bcMk a rbNþú HbNþa l KY rE t n Uvero b cM n Uv viF Is a ®s þé n k a rbeRg o n[) a n s Mb UrE b bd UcCa d U cCa k a re F VIbT ]eT Þs k a rB iPa k Sa ka reF VI k a rg a rCa Rk um nig k a reF VIlMh a t;m ña k ;² .l .


9




k a rs ik Sa b En ßm c MeB a HG ñk s ik Sa E dlCa m n us SeB j v ½yk a rs ik Sa b En ßm c MeB a HG ñk s ik Sa E dlCa m n us SeB j v ½yk a rs ik Sa b En ßm c MeB a HG ñk s ik Sa E dlCa m n us SeB j v ½yk a rs ik Sa b En ßm c MeB a HG ñk s ik Sa E dlCa m n us SeB j v ½y

eya g t am Malcolm Knowles E dlCa bB aØvn þ n ig Ca Gñk G nuvt þd¾s Mxa n ; m ña k ; s þIB Ik a rG b;rMm n us S eB j v½y . KMr Uxa g eR k a m enH KW Ca eKa lk a rN_RK wHE dl e K) a n da k ;bB a ©Úl sR m a b;R T ws þIén k a rs ik Sa rbs ;m nus SeB j v ½y . 1> t R m Uvk a r cgt R m Uvk a r cgt R m Uvk a r cgt R m Uvk a r cg ;; ;; d wg d wg d wg d wg ³³³³ m nus SeB j v ½yRt Uv k a rd wg f a eh t uG VI) a n Ca B Yk eKR t Uv k a reron G VIm Y ym un

n wg T TYlyk k a rero n ena H .

2> eK a lK Mn it pÞa leK a lK Mn it pÞa leK a lK Mn it pÞa leK a lK Mn it pÞa l ;; ;; r bsr bsr bsr bs ;; ;; G ñk ero nG ñk ero nG ñk ero nG ñk ero n ³³³³ m nus SeB j v ½ym a n eKa lKM n it p Þa l; xø Ün k ñúg k a rT T YlxusR t Uvel I k a rseR m cc it þrb s; B Yk eK elI CIv it rbs;B YKe KpÞa l ; . BYk eKm in sb ,a yc it þ n i g bB a Äb;n Uv s ßa nP a B na n a eB lE dlBYk eKm a n G a rm µN_f a G ñk d ¾éT k MB ug Et bg çMB Yk eK[m a n q nÞH d Uc G ñk d ¾é T .

3> t Yn a T Ié n bT B iesa Fnt Yn a T Ié n bT B iesa Fnt Yn a T Ié n bT B iesa Fnt Yn a T Ié n bT B iesa Fn __ __ n n a rbsn n a rbsn n a rbsn n a rbs ;; ;; G ñk s ik Sa G ñk s ik Sa G ñk s ik Sa G ñk s ik Sa ³³³³ m nus SeB j v ½yeF VI nUv sk m µPa B na n aE dlT ak ;T g n wg k a rG b;r M eda yT MhM n ig Ku NPa B é n bT B iesa F n_ep S g ²BIK ña . P aB xusKña r va g brim a N n ig KuN Pa B én bT Bies a Fen Hm a np lb:HB a l; m Yyc Mn Y n cM eB a Hka rG b;rMm n us SeB j v½y .

4444 >>>> k a reR t o m lk çNk a reR t o m lk çNk a reR t o m lk çNk a reR t o m lk çN ³³³³ r Yc Ca eR s c k ñúg k a re ro n r Yc Ca eR s c k ñúg k a re ro n r Yc Ca eR s c k ñúg k a re ro n r Yc Ca eR s c k ñúg k a re ro n ³³³³ m n us SeB j v½y n wg eR t o m lk çN³ rYc C a a a eR sck ñúg k ar ero n n UvG VIE dle KR t Uvk a rd wg nig G a ce F VI) a n edIm ,Ie da HR sa yn Uv s ßa n Pa B n a n ak ñúg CIvi t Bit [m a n R bs iT æPaB .

5555 >>>> k a rt R m gk a rt R m gk a rt R m gk a rt R m g ;; ;; T is s ik SaT is s ik SaT is s ik SaT is s ik Sa ³³³³ pÞúyB Ik a rt R mg;T iskñúg k a rs ik Sa eda yep þa t el Im uxv i C¢a rb s;k um a r n ig yuv v ½y ¬y :a g eh a cNa s ;k ñúg sa la ¦ . m n us SeB j v½yK Wepþa t elI CIv it ¬rW ep þa t el Ik a rga r rW ep þa t elIb B aða ¦ k ñúg ka rt Rm g ;T is s ik Sa rbs;eK .

6666 >>>> k a rel Ik T wk cit þk a rel Ik T wk cit þk a rel Ik T wk cit þk a rel Ik T wk cit þ ³ ³ ³ ³ m n us SeB j v½yeq øI yt bn wg k a rk a relIk T wk c it þxa g eR k A xøH² ¬¬¬¬ k a rg a rR besIr k a rt emøIg t Yn a TI R ) ak ;E xx< s ; n ig G VIE dlR sed og Kña en H ¦b :uEn þG ñk E dlelIk T wk cit þEdlm a n \T æiB lb Mp ut en a H KWs MB a Fxa g kñúg ¬k a rc g;) a n n Uvk a rekIn eL Ig n Uvk a rg a rE dleB j cit þm Yy k a reB j c it þ nwg xøÜn É g KuN Pa B én CIvit n ig G VIE dlR sE dg Kña enH¦

É k sa re ya gÉ k sa re ya gÉ k sa re ya gÉ k sa re ya g ³³³³ � “Part 1: The Roots of Andragogy”, The Adult Learner, Malcolm S.

Knowles and others, Sixth Edition, 2005, Elsevier Inc.,




K n øwH n an a sRm abK n øwH n an a sRm abK n øwH n an a sRm abK n øwH n an a sRm ab ;; ;; b e gáIt k a r b N þúH b N þalb e gáIt k a r b N þúH b N þalb e gáIt k a r b N þúH b N þalb e gáIt k a r b N þúH b N þal

K n øwHm unk a rb NþúHb N þa lK n øwHm unk a rb NþúHb N þa lK n øwHm unk a rb NþúHb N þa lK n øwHm unk a rb NþúHb N þa l úú úú

t Yna T Irbs;G ñk s R m bsR mYl c a bG ñk sR m b sR mYlk ñúg k a rerob cMxa g eR k a m enHKW Ca c MeN H dwg xø H

k a rp SB Vp Sa yB ½t ’m a nC a m unk a rp SB Vp Sa yB ½t ’m a nC a m unk a rp SB Vp Sa yB ½t ’m a nC a m unk a rp SB Vp Sa yB ½t ’m a nC a m un

s ik ça ka m Rt Uvm a nB ½t ’m a nCa ks ik ça ka m ma nk a rrMB wg Tuk ep Sgyk c it þT uk da k;rb s;B Yk eK

nna k ñúg v KÁ .

2222

Enough for preparing the mindset in advance

method

Objective

and

outputs


Improvement of Local Administration in Cambodia (PILAC)

and Japan International Cooperation Agency

on Training Skills

b egáIt k a r bN þúH bN þalb egáIt k a r bN þúH bN þalb egáIt k a r bN þúH bN þalb egáIt k a r bN þúH bN þal

G ñk sR m bsR mYl ca b;epþIm e LIg m un k a reb Ik v KÁbN þú Hb Nþa l Ca k;E s þg G ñk sR m bsRm Ylk ñúg k a rerobc M[m a nb ri ya k a sE dll¥m YysR m a b;k a rbNþHbNþa l

KW Ca c MeN Hd wg xø H²E dlR t Uv k a rm un n wg c a b;ep þIm k a rbNþúHb Nþa l.

k a rpSB Vp Sa yB ½t ’m a n Ca m unk a rpSB Vp Sa yB ½t ’m a n Ca m unk a rpSB Vp Sa yB ½t ’m a n Ca m unk a rpSB Vp Sa yB ½t ’m a n Ca m un

m a nB ½t ’m a n Ca k ;la k; s þIB Ik a rb NþúHb N þa l m un nwg cUl rYm k ñg v KÁb Nþú HbNþa l s ik ça k a m ma n ka rrMB wg T uk epSg ²Kña c MeB a Hk a rb NþúHb Nþa l eh Iyk a rrMB wg T uk Ta Mgen a HbB a ¢a k

B Yk eK . k ñúg k rNIepSg eT ot s ik ça k a mR t UveR t om l kçNcMeN Hd wg n ig B ½t ’m a n fµIB Ika rb NþúHb Nþa l

s ik ça ka m nwg Bi) a k k ñúg k a rTT Ylyk n Uv GV IE dlbeR go n kñúg vKÁb Nþú HbN þa l R bes in eb IB YeK m a n ka ryl;e XIj xuss þIB Iv KÁbNþú HbN þa l

B t’m a n xa g eRk am en HK YrR t UvCUn s ik ça k am eda yP¢a b ;Ca m Yyli xit G eB a © Ij

� eKa lb MNg n ig lT æplrMB wg T uk k ñúg v KÁb Nþ úHb Nþa l

� k a lv iPa KvKÁbN þú HN þa l� Rb Fa n bT n ig v iF Isa ®s þE

Enough for preparing the mindset in advance

Toipcs

and

method

Schedule

10

E s þg . v a Ca t Yn a TIrbs ; k a rb NþHb Nþa l .

vKÁb Nþú HbNþa l . eh Iyk a rrMB wg Tuk Ta Mg en a Hb B a¢a k; B Ik a r

eR t o m lk çN³ed I m,IT T Ylyk n Uv cMeN Hd wg n ig B ½t ’m a n fµIB Ika rbNþúHb Nþa l .

a kk ñúg k a rTT Ylyk nUv G V IE dl) a n ñúg vKÁb Nþú HbN þa l R bes ineb IB YeK

e XIj xuss þIB IvK ÁbNþú HbN þa l .

B t’m a n xa g eRk a m enHKYrR t Uv) a n p þl; Ca m Yyli xit G eB a ©Ij ³

eKa lb MNg nig lT æp lrMB wg

k a lv iPa KvKÁbN þú HN þa l

R b Fa n bT n ig v iF Isa ®s þE dleR b IR) a s ;


11




eKKYrE t E c k Ék sa rCUnCa m un Rb s in eb IR bFa n bT E dl eKR t UvbeR g o nen a H m a n eKd wg t ict Uc . eb IeT a Hb ICa v a m a n sa r³ s Mxa n ;k ñúg k a rE ck Ék sa r rWk ¾es o v ePA n a na Ca m un CUn dl;s ik ça k a mk ¾eda y k¾ eB lG n uv t þCa k ;E s þg eKm in G a c eF VIeT A ) a n E dreda ye h t uE t PaB T n ;exSa yén esv a é R bsNIy_ enA R beT sk m<úCa . m üa :g eT o t s ik ça k a m mYycM n Yn G a c eP øc yk É k sa rT aMg ena Hm k kñúg eB lbNþúHbN þa l en A eB lE dleyIg E c k Ék sa rCUn Ca m un . d U c en He KKYrE t eR t om É k sa rm Yyc Mn Y ns R m a b;eR t om bE n ßm .

T Ik En øg n ig br iya k a sT Ik En øg n ig br iya k a sT Ik En øg n ig br iya k a sT Ik En øg n ig br iya k a s

k a reR CIserIsT Ik E nøg sm rm üsR m a b;k a rbNþúHb Nþa l m a ns a r³s Mxa n; Na s ;Ca E p ñk m Yyén k a r ero bc Mk a rbNþúHb Nþa l . eKpþl ;G n usa sn _ [eR CIs erIsT Ik E n øg n ig bnÞb ;eda y yk c it þT uk da k; eda yK it B It R mUv k a rn a n a sRm a b;k a rb NþúHbN þa l . xa g eR ka m enHKWCa c MN ucT UeT A E dlR t Uv B ica rNa k ñúg k a reRCI serIsT Ik E n øg nig bn Þb;en A R beT s k m<úCa

T Mh Mbn ÞbT Mh Mbn ÞbT Mh Mbn ÞbT Mh Mbn Þb ;; ;; ³³³³ T Mh Mbn Þb;K YrE t sm lµm s R m a b;c Mn Yn s ik ça k a mEdl) a n rMB wg T uk . bnÞb;t Uc eB km in E m n Ca CMe rIsl ¥eT eh Iybn Þb;F MeB k k ¾eF VI[m a nb B aða E dr .

t u nig ek A G It u nig ek A G It u nig ek A G It u nig ek A G I ³ ³ ³ ³ TIk E nøg KYrE t Ga cda k ;nUv c MnY n t u n ig ek A G I) a n R Kb;R Ka n ; . ek A G Isa m Ba ØE dlm a n é d s g xa gE dlg a yR s Ylk ñúg k a rc l½t en a H Ca k a rl¥ . t u m i n E m n ca M) a c ;xøa Mg rh Ut dl;G t ; m in ) a ne n a HeT b :uE nþe KR t Uv ero bc Mn Uv c Mn Y n t u ni g kþa exo n T uk Ca m un[R Kb ;R Ka n ;sR m a b ;ka reF VIlMh a t ;Ca Rk um

b ris ßa n s ¥a tb ris ßa n s ¥a tb ris ßa n s ¥a tb ris ßa n s ¥a t ³ ³ ³ ³ bnÞb;K YrEt m an bris ßa n s ¥a t nig m a nk a rero c Ms ¥a t) a t .smÖa r³ n a n a Edlm in ca M) a c; KY r E t dk ecj [q ¶a y .

mmmm :: :: a s Iun p Áta s Iun p Áta s Iun p Áta s Iun p Át ;; ;; p Ágp Ágp Ágp Ág ;; ;; G KÁIs n IG KÁIs n IG KÁIs n IG KÁIs n I ³ ³ ³ ³ k MuB üÚT ½r n ig LCD KWCa sm Öa r³ Edlm in G a c x VH) a n sR m a b;k arbNþú HbN þa l s BVé f ¶ d Uc en H Ca k a rR bes IrNa s ;E dlT Ik E n øg b Nþú HbNþa lm a n m a:s Iun pÁt ;pÁg ;G KÁ sn IepSg eT ot eB lE dlcrn þG KÁsn Im Y ym i n d Me NI rk a r .

mmmm :: :: a s Iun R t Ca ka s Iun R t Ca ka s Iun R t Ca ka s Iun R t Ca k ; ; ; ; nig eP øIgnig eP øIgnig eP øIgnig eP øIg ³ ³ ³ ³ TIk Enøg KYrE t m a n m :a s Iun R t Ca k ; n i g ePøIg ) a nR Kb;R Ka n; . Ca B iess eyIg K Yr B in it üem Ilm a :s Iun R t Ca k ;Ca m u n ed Im, I[R) a k df a v a dMeNI rk a r . v a eF VI [ xUcv KÁb Nþ úHb Nþa ly :a g xøa Mg


12




R b s in eb I k a rpÁt ;p Ág ;G KÁIsn Ie xSa y rW d Me NI rk a rm :a s IunR t Ca k ;m in l¥ . T It a Mg bn ÞbT It a Mg bn ÞbT It a Mg bn ÞbT It a Mg bn Þb ;; ;; ³ ³ ³ ³ bn Þb;bNþúHb Nþ a lKYrE t s ßit en A Ca n ;pÞa l; dI r W Ca n ;T Im Y y . v a KYrE t m a nCe NþI ry nþ R bs in

b nÞb ;eF VIs ik ça sa la en a Hs ßit en A c a b;B ICa n ;T Ib I es va eP sC ¢es va eP sC ¢es va eP sC ¢es va eP sC ¢ ³ ³ ³ ³ Rbs in eb IvK Áb Nþú HbNþa lp þl ;n Uv G a rh a ré f ¶R tg ; nig G a rha rs Mr:n; eB ls Mra k Ta Mg ena H

KW Ca E pñk m Yyé nv KÁb Nþú Hb N þ a l . eyIg KY rE t B in it üem I lf a et Iet Im a n k Enøg R Kb;R Ka n ; nig sm rm ü s R m a b;k a rB isa rG a rha ré f ¶Rt g ; n ig G a rh a rs Mr:n ;E dr rWeT .

k a rct ya nþC Mn ik a rct ya nþC Mn ik a rct ya nþC Mn ik a rct ya nþC Mn i ³ ³ ³ ³ R b sin eb I s ik ça ka m Ca m ®n þIE dlm a nz an ³xçs ; r Wk it iys x<s ; va KY rE t m a nk E nøg R Kb ; R Ka n ;sR m a b;c t La n rbs;B Y k Ka t; .

k a re ro b cMt u n ig ek A G Ik a re ro b cMt u n ig ek A G Ik a re ro b cMt u n ig ek A G Ik a re ro b cMt u n ig ek A G I

eB lE dl eKeF VIEp n k a rv KÁb Nþú HbNþa l G ñk sR m bsR mYl KY rE t Kit [) a n R Kb ;RCug eR Ca yB Ik a rero bcM t u ek A GI . ed Im ,I elIk T wk c it þk ñúg k a rs ik Sa k ñúg v KÁb N þú Hb Nþa l k a rero bc Mt u n ig e k A GIKY rE t bgálk çN³ l¥dl ;k a reF VIT Mn a k ;T Mn g rbs;s ik ça k a m . ] T a h rN_xa g eRk a m en H ]b m af a s ik ça ka m E dlCa Rk um eKa led A m a n R bm a N 20 rUb . R bsin eb I s ik ça ka m m a neR c In Ca sa m s ib ¬30¦m a nCeR m Ise pSg ed Im ,IelIk T wk c it þk a reF VIT Mn a k;T Mn g rbs ; s ik ça ka m k ñúg k a rero bc Mt u n ig ekA G I .

1111 >>>> k a re ro b cMt uk ñúg f ña kk a re ro b cMt uk ñúg f ña kk a re ro b cMt uk ñúg f ña kk a re ro b cMt uk ñúg f ña k ;; ;; E bb R béB N IE bb R béB N IE bb R béB N IE bb R béB N I k a rerob cME b ben HeKeB j n i ym eR cIn b: uE n þp þl;n UvR b s i T æPa B m in xøa Mg xøa eT k ñúg k a relIk T wk c it þk a r

eF VIT Mn a k; TMn g k ñúg c MeNa m s ik ça ka m . Gñk sR m b sR m YlE tg Et R Kb dNþb;e lI s ik ça k a mE dl eF VI[ s ik ça ka m k øa yCa m ins k m µ .

FacilitatorFacilitatorFacilitatorFacilitator


13




2222 >>>> k a re ro b cMt uE bbC a ka rR bC Muk a re ro b cMt uE bbC a ka rR bC Muk a re ro b cMt uE bbC a ka rR bC Muk a re ro b cMt uE bbC a ka rR bC Mu

k a rero b cMt uE bben Hbgálk çN³ dl ;k a rero n nig k a reF VI T Mna k ;T Mn g rv a g sik ça k a m . b:uE n þenA E t Pa KeR c In én d MeN Ir

k a rsik Sa Ga R s½yel Ik a rT Mna k ;T Mn g Et mça g eB a lKWk a rbg ða j n ig k a rbeRg o n eda yG ñk sR mb sR m Yl .

3333 >>>> k a re ro bc Mt uC a rg Vgk a re ro bc Mt uC a rg Vgk a re ro bc Mt uC a rg Vgk a re ro bc Mt uC a rg Vg ;; ;; k a rero b cMt uE bben HKWm a n R bs iT æPa B kñúg k a relIk

T wk c it þk a reF VIT Mn a k ;T Mn g kñúg cMeNa m s ik ça k a m . k ñúg ] T a h rN_en H t ura g Ca rg Vg; s ßit en A c Mk Nþa l b: uE n þt u en a Hm in Et g E t ca M) a c ;en a HeT eB lE dlG ñk sR mb sR m Ylc g ;) a nb riya k a sE dlk a n ;E t Fm µt a n ig m a n lk çN³l MEh r en a H da k ;E t ek A GIKWR Kb;R Ka n ; lµm eh Iy .

k a rp þlk a rp þlk a rp þlk a rp þl ;; ;; k ic©k a rm unk ic©k a rm unk ic©k a rm unk ic©k a rm un ¬ka rga rsR m a b;eF VIm unv KÁb Nþ úHb N þa l¦ v KÁb Nþú HbN þa lk a n;E t ma n Rbs iT æiP a B eB lE dls ik ça k am) a n eR to m lk çN³ eda yx øÜ n Ég ) a nl ¥ m unn wg c a b;ep þIm v KÁb Nþú HbN þ a l .m eF üa ) a yd ¾s M xa n;m Y yen a HKWk a rp þl; [s ik ça ka m nUv k ic ©ka r s R m a b;eF VICa m un . k a rpþl;k ic©k a rCa m un en H CY ybeg áIt k a rKa MR T k a rrMB wg Tuk na n ak ñúg v KÁ b NþúHbNþa l. eKG a c pþl; n Uv k ic ©k a rCa m un xa g eRk a m en H CUn d l;s ik ça k a m ³

� es ñI [s ik ça k a mR bmUl B ½t ’m a n n ig T in ñn½ yed Im,IeR b IR ) a s;k ñúg k a rbNþúHbNþa ld Ucm a nk ñúg KMr U lix it n ig r)a yk a rN_ s R m ab;v KÁk a rsresrR bk b eda yRb s iT æPa B nig É k sa rKeR m a g na n a sR m a b;v KÁ va yt ém øK eR m a g .

� es ñI [s ik ça k a m viPa K n ig beg áIt Tin ñn ½ye l IbB a ða Ca k ;la k;Ca k a rga rd Mb Ug ed Im ,IeF V Ik a rv iPa KbE nßm eT o t k ñúg eB lbNþúHb Nþa l .




14




� es ñIs ik ça k a m [G a n n UvÉ k sarE dlm a n lk çN³ E vg s µúKs µa j E dlB ak ;B næ½n wg R bF a n bT s Mxa n; ²k ñúg k a rbNþúHbN þa l .

� es ñIs ik ça k a m bgða j n Uv bB a ða Edl m a n Rs a b;E dlT a k;T g n wg xøwm sa ré n v KÁbN þú HbNþa l .

k a rpþl;k a rga rCa m un m in m a n R bs iT æPaB eT k ñúg s ßa n PaB dUc xa g eR k a m ³

� s ik ça k a m E dl rMB wgf a cUlrYm m a n ka rrv l; xøa Mg

� s ik ça k a m E dl rMB wgf a cUlrYm Ca G ñk E dleF VIk a rga rR Kb;R Kg f ña k ;x<s ;E dleF V I[K a t;m a n

G a rm µN_m ins u xR s Yl eda yp þ l;n Uv k a rg a rE dlm a nl kçN³ bgçM xøH ²

� s ik ça ka m E dlrMB wgf a cUlrYm R t Uv) a n eKKit f a eq øIyt bG v iC¢ m a n c MeB a Hka rp þl;k a rg a rCam un


15




K n øwH sR m a bK n øwH sR m a bK n øwH sR m a bK n øwH sR m a b ;; ;; k a rb NþúH b N þalk a rb NþúH b N þalk a rb NþúH b N þalk a rb NþúH b N þal

G ñk sR m bsR mYl Rt Uv k a rCMn a j nig cMe NHd wg ep Sg ²k ñúg v KÁbN þú Hb Nþa l eR k A BICM na j Ca k ;la k;E dl eF VIk ñúg vKÁb Nþú HbN þa l . c M NucE dls Mxa n ;b Mput en a HKW e t IR t Uv eF VIG a k b,k iriya s m rm üE bb Na xøH k ñúg v KÁb Nþ úHb N þa l .c MeB a Hc MNu ce n Hm a n R T ws þIx øH ² n wg bg ða j CUn k ñúg E pñk xa g eRk a m b:uE n þc MeB a H \ri ya bT sm rm üNa m Yye n a Hv a G a R s½yel Ib u KÁl ik l k çN³ rbs;m n us Sm ña k ;² n ig m inm a n G a kb,k iri ya Na EdlG a c eR b I) a n Ca sa k len a HeT rWeyI g Ga c n iya y) a n f a G ñk s Rm b s R m Ylm ña k;²G a c R bR Bwt þxus Kña eB lbNþú HbNþa l ehI y k a rR bRB wt þxusK ña E bb enHG a c sm rm ü . Kn ø wHxø HT a k ;Tg xøa Mg eT A n wg CMn a j n ig c MeNHd wg ed Im,I elIk T wk c it þk a rs ik Sa rbs ;s ik çak a mk ñúg vKÁbNþ úH b Nþa l . eB l EdlG ñk sRm bsR mYlc g ;eR b IR ) a s;n UvK n øw HT a Mg en a Hkñúg vKÁbN þú HbNþa l Ca k a rRb esIr eda yeR b IR) a s;Kn ø wHT a Mg en a Hk ñúg vKÁbN þú HbNþa lm þg eh Iym þg eT o t . d Mb Ug m inE m n Ca k a rg a yR sYl eT k ñúg ka re Rb IR ) a s;Kn øw HT a Mg en a H[m a n R bs iT æPa B b :uEn þey Ig n wg d wg BI\ T æiB lén k a r eR b IR ) a s; Kn øwHT a Mg en a HCa bn þb n Þa b ; .

\\\\ r iya bT rb sr iya bT rb sr iya bT rb sr iya bT rb s ;; ;; G ñk sR m bs Rm YlG ñk sR m bs Rm YlG ñk sR m bs Rm YlG ñk sR m bs Rm Yl

\\\\ r iya bT s ñit s ña l E t m Wug mr iya bT s ñit s ña l E t m Wug mr iya bT s ñit s ña l E t m Wug mr iya bT s ñit s ña l E t m Wug m :: :: atatatat ;; ;; \ri ya bT s ñit s ña lKWs Mxa n; Na s;b :uEn þm in R t Uv ePøc B IP a Bm Wg m :a t;eLI y . Ca B iesseB lE dl bBa ða rWl k çN³ rHs Þ H Na m YyE dl bgáeL Ig eda ys ik ça k a m . Gñk sR m bsR m YlR t Uvb B a Äb;Pø a m eda yc r ik KY rs m . k a rR Kb ;R Kg eB lev la KWCa t Yn a T Id ¾s M xa n ;m Y yrb s;G ñk sR m b sR mYl . Ca bz m G ñk sR m bsR mYl Rt Uv Et eKa rB eB l evla . eB lE dls ikça ka m ha k ;dUc Ca g g uyedk rW Kµa nk a repþa t G a rm µN_ G ñk sR m bs R mYlKY rE t bBa ©Úl El,g f a mB lP øam .

G t þc r ik Eb bkt þa l Ik r G t þc r ik Eb bkt þa l Ik r G t þc r ik Eb bkt þa l Ik r G t þc r ik Eb bkt þa l Ik r G ñk sR m bsR mYl KYrE t R bR B wit þd Uc Ca k kþa lIk r eB a lKWCa G ñk E dlelIk k m<s;k a rpøa s;b þÚrd ¾s M xa n ; s R m a b;s ik ça ka m n a na . G ñks R m bsR mYlm in E m n Ca em b Ba ¢a k a r rWCa R KUt a m sa la ena HeT .


16




en A eB lE dl G ñk sR m bsRm Yl R bRB it þxøÜn Ca R KU en A t a m s ala v a eF VI[m a nk a rf ycuHn U v G a rm µN_é n k a rcUl rYm rb s ; s ik ça k a m .

\\\\ r iya bT E bbe ro n s UR tr iya bT E bbe ro n s UR tr iya bT E bbe ro n s UR tr iya bT E bbe ro n s UR t G ñk sR m bsR mYlKYrE t g E tm a nKMn it v i C¢m a n k ñúg ka rero n s UR t B Is ik ça ka m . KMn it E b ben Hm a n sa r³ s Mxa n ;k ñúg k a req øIyt beda y bt ;E bn ) a n eTA n wg s ßa nP aB ep Sg ²k ñúg v KÁbNþ úHb Nþa l . eh Iye nHk ¾ Ca sa rd ¾s M xa n ;pg E drc MeB a Hs i k çak a m [m a n \riya b T eb Ik T Ula y n ig eB a reB j eda yk a reKa rB .

T Mn a kT Mn a kT Mn a kT Mn a k ;; ;; T Mn g l¥T Mn g l¥T Mn g l¥T Mn g l¥

k a reF VIT Mn a k ;T Mng m a nBIrR beP T KWk a reF VIT Mn a k ;T Mng eda ym in v a c a r n ig k a reFVIT Mn a k ;T Mn g eda yv a c a r .

G ñk sR m bsR mYlE dlm a n bT B iesa Fn _G a c eR b In Uv T Mn a k ;T Mng Ta MgB Iren H) a n y:a g l¥ n ig G a cb egáIt n UvT Mna k ;T Mn g l¥Ca m Yyn wg s ik çak a m .

k a reF VIT Mn a kk a reF VIT Mn a kk a reF VIT Mn a kk a reF VIT Mn a k ;; ;; T Mn g e da ym in v a ca rT Mn g e da ym in v a ca rT Mn g e da ym in v a ca rT Mn g e da ym in v a ca r³ ³ ³ ³ eF VIe LIg t a m ry³ T wk m ux CMh rk ñúg k a rQ r n ig sem øg Ca ed Im > > T wk m uxT wk m uxT wk m uxT wk m ux k a rj jwm rWPa B G t ;F µt ;m a nR b s iT æiP a B bMp ut sR m a b;beg áIt n Uv

T Mn a k ;T Mn g l¥m Yy Ca m Yyn wg s ik ça k a m .

T Mn a kT Mn a kT Mn a kT Mn a k ;; ;; T Mn g E PñkT Mn g E PñkT Mn g E PñkT Mn g E Pñk G ñk sR m bsR mYlKYrE t eR b In Uv k a rTMn a k;T Mn g eda y E Pñk j wk ja b;eT Ak a n;s ik ça k am .

CMh rk ñúg k a rQ rCMh rk ñúg k a rQ rCMh rk ñúg k a rQ rCMh rk ñúg k a rQ r eB lxøHG ñk sR m bs R m YlG acQ reda yb T dg xø Ün bn þ iceT A rk s ik ça k a m . en Hb gða j B Ik a rep þa t k a ryk cit þT uk da k;elI s ik ça ka m

sem øgsem øgsem øgsem øg s Um eR b In Uv Pa B G t ;F µt ; n ig sem øg es µI n ig yWt lµm t a m k al³ eT s³

k a reF VIT Mna kk a reF VIT Mna kk a reF VIT Mna kk a reF VIT Mna k ;; ;; T Mn g e da yv a c a rT Mn g e da yv a c a rT Mn g e da yv a c a rT Mn g e da yv a c a r ³ ³ ³ ³ eF VIeLIg t a m ry³ k a rb þÚrB ak ü rWR b eya Kn a n a m k CMn YsB a k ü nig R beya Kep Sg . be c©k eT sxa g eRka m en HR t Uv ) a n eKn iym eR b I

s MNY rb iT s MNY rRb ePT en HG a c eq øI ynU v c em øI y “) a T” rW “eT ” k a reR bIs MNY rE bb enHm a n sa r³ s Mxa n ; eB lE dlG ñk s Rm bsRm Ylc g ;d wg B IPa B Cak ;la k ;


17




Na m Yy . s MNY reb Ik s MNY rRb ePT en HeR b In U vR b eya Keb Ik d Uc xa g eR k am “eht uGVI” “G V IxøH”

nig “eh t uGVI” . s MNY rRb ePT en HG a c eR b Ied Im,I dwg B IR bF an bT nig bBa ða sIuCeR m A xøH² .

k a reR bIs MNg ;R beya K sa red Im n ig dE dl ²

k a reR bIs MNg ;R beya Ksa re d Im KWCa k a reRb In UvR beya K d EdleL Ig vij eda yeR b I n Uv B a k üep Sg ²m k CMnYs . k ñúg k rNIxøH k a reRb InUv s MNg;R b eya Ksa re LIg v ij KWm a nl T æpl dUc n wg k a rGa nn Uv R beya K dE dlen a He LIg vij . k a reRb I s MNg ;R beya Ksa re LIg v i j m a n KuN sm ,t þiB Iry:a g . T Im Yy eB lE dls ik ça k a m eq øIyt belI k a reR bI s MNg ;R b eya Ksa red Im rbs; xøÜ n en a HG ñk sR m bs Rm Yl G a c dwg c ,a s ; B IkR m it é n k a ryl;d wg rbs ;s ik ça k a m .

m üa :g vij eT o tk a reR bIs MNg ;R beya KeL Ig v ij n ig k a reR bIs MNg ; Rb eya KdE drGa ceg áIn n Uv G a rm µN_ eya Kyl ;K ña rv a g G ñk sR m b sR m Yl n ig s ik çak a m . bec©k eT sen HR t Uv ) a n eKeR b IedIm ,Ib eg áIt n Uv T Mn a k;T Mn g l¥rv a g s ik ça k am n ig G ñk s Rm b sR mYl .

k a rB iPa k Sa Rk umk a rB iPa k Sa Rk umk a rB iPa k Sa Rk umk a rB iPa k Sa Rk um

k ñúg k a rpSB VpSa yB ½t ’m a n n ig c MeNH dwg n a n a k a reF VIbT] eT Þs n ig k a rero b cMf ña k ;ero n k ñúg v KÁbNþ úH b Nþa lCa k a rc a M) a c ;b:uE n þm inE t gE t ma nR b siT æPa B en a HeT . sik ça ka m Ga cT TYl) a nn Uv c MeN Hd wg fµI k ñúg ry³ eB lm Yyb:uE n þ c Me N Hd wg T a Mg ena Hk ¾Rt Uv ePøceT A v ij Edr . ed Im ,Ik Mu [m a n k a rePøc E bb enHen a H eKG a c pþl ;»k a s[s ik ça k am eR b IR ) a s;n Uvc MeN Hd wg T aMg en a H k ñúg lk çxN Ð½Na m Yy . viF IE dle Kn iym eR b ICa g eKen a H KWk a reF VIk a rB iPa k Sa Rk um .

k a rero bc Mk a rBiP a k SaR k um E dl sa m Ba Øb Mput ena HKWk a rp þl; nUv s M NYr Kn øw Hdl;s ik ça k a m ed Im ,IeF VIk a r B iPa k Sa . eB lE dleKeF VIk a rB iPa k Sa Rkum eKKY rEt Kit B Ic M Nuc xa g eR ka m ³


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c Mn Ynk ñg Rk um n im Yyc Mn Ynk ñg Rk um n im Yyc Mn Ynk ñg Rk um n im Yyc Mn Ynk ñg Rk um n im Yy ² ³² ³² ³² ³ edIm ,Iel Ik T wk cit þk ñúg ka reF VIk a rBiPa k SaR kum [) a n k Rm it G t ib rm a kñúg m Yy R k um KY rE t m a nKña c a b;B I R ) a Mm Yy ¬0 6 ¦ dl; R ) a Mb I¬0 8¦n a k ; .

s MN YrK n øwH s MN YrK n øwH s MN YrK n øwH s MN YrK n øwH s MNYrEdl da k ;CU n KY rE t Ca R beP T s MNYreb Ik . s MNYrE d lm a n cem øI y e q øIyf a “) aT” rW “eT” m in K Yrda k ;eT .

d Me N Irk a rR K bd Me N Irk a rR K bd Me N Irk a rR K bd Me N Irk a rR K b ;; ;; R KgR KgR KgR Kg ³ ³ ³ ³ eKalb MNg é nk a rBiP a k Sa Rk um m inE m n ed Im ,IE s Vg rk nUv c em øI yE dlR t wm m Yy en a HeT eh t ud Uce n Heh Iye yI g minR t UveF VIG n þra Km n _ rWk ¾E k t R mUv k a rBiP a k Sa eT .

k a reF VIbT bg ða j k a reF VIbT bg ða j k a reF VIbT bg ða j k a reF VIbT bg ða j ³³³³ Ca ka rm Yym a n R bs iT æPaB kñúg k a rpþl; n Uv B ½t ’m a nR t lb;dl;s ik ça k am b :uEn þ k a reRbI ry³ eB ly UreB k sR ma b;k a rbg ða j m in m a n R bsiT æPa B eT .

k r NIs ik Sak r NIs ik Sak r NIs ik Sak r NIs ik Sa ³ ³ ³ ³ Ga c eR bIR ) as;) a n p g E drsR m ab;k a rBiPa k SaR kum . k a rero bra b;m YycM n Yn rYm m a n B ½t ’m a n n ig T in ñn ½ yna na R t Uv) a neKpþl ; CUn s ik ça k a m CMnY s[s M NYr Kn øw H . en H KW Ca v iF Isa ® s þd ¾m a n R b s iT æPa B bMp ut ed Im , IeF VI [k a ryl;k a n ;Et s IuCeR m A nig beg áááIt n Uv CM na j R Kb;R Kg . vi F Is a ®s þen HRt Uv ) a n eKbeg áIt eLIg n ig e Rb IR) as;en A sa k l viT üa l½y Harvard k ñúg T sv t üqña M 1 9 80 .

v a Ca v iF Isa ®s þd ¾m a n R bs iT æb:uE n þk ¾m a n KuNsm ,t þ i n ig Ku Nv i bt þdUc xa g eRk a m ³

KuN smKuN smKuN smKuN sm ,,,, t þit þit þit þi ³ ³ ³ ³ Pa B R bk dR bC aPa B R bk dR bC aPa B R bk dR bC aPa B R bk dR bC a ³³³³ sik ça ka m Ga cB iPa k Sa elIR bFa n b Tk a n;E t c,a s;la s ; nig s IuCeR m A . k a rv iPa Kk a rv iPa Kk a rv iPa Kk a rv iPa K ³³³³ sik ça ka m Rt Uv ) a neKelIk T wk c it þ[eF VIk a rvi P a KelIs ßa n Pa B eda yKµa n b: HB a l;dl;G ñk d ¾é T .

m a n eK a lb MNgm a n eK a lb MNgm a n eK a lb MNgm a n eK a lb MNg ³³³³ s ik ça ka m yl;f a G ñk d ¾éT Kit epSg BIG VIE dl xøÜ n K it eh Iyk a rem IleX Ij n Uv Pa B xusKña rv a g KMn it rbs;G ñk d¾ é T E b ben HKW Ca sa r³ Rb eya Cn _m Y y .

K uN v ib t þiK uN v ib t þiK uN v ib t þiK uN v ib t þi ³³³³ G ñk d wk na MR k um E dlm a nb T B iesa F nG ñk d wk na MR k um E dlm a nb T B iesa F nG ñk d wk na MR k um E dlm a nb T B iesa F nG ñk d wk na MR k um E dlm a nb T B iesa F n __ __ ³³³³ ed Im ,IG n uvt þn Uv v iF Is a ®s þen H) a n R t wm R tUv Ca k a rc a M) a c ;R t Uv m a n G ñk d wk n a MR kum E dlm a n b TB ie sa Fn _ . G ñk d wk n a MR kum B iPa k Sa enaHRt Uvd wg [) a nc,a s;k a relIk n Uv s M NYr e d Im , IeF VI [k a r B iPa k S a dMeNIrk a rl¥ . k a rmin Ga cR Kb;R Kg G a rm µN_ ) a n ³ s ikça k am E tg Et ma n G a rm µN_f a m in Ga cR Kb;R Kg G arm µN_) a n en A eB l d Mb Ug eB lE dlB Yk eKm in G a crk ) a n nUv esc k þIsn ñ id æa n rWc em øIyCa k ;la k ;m Yy rWk ¾B Mum a n lT æp lG VI) a n B Ik a rB iPa k Sa .


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c MeB a HÉk sa reya gG MB Ik a rs ik Sak rNI m a n P¢a b;k ñúg] bsm <n æ½ 1 s þIB Ik rNIs ik Sa KMrUE dl) a n eR b IR ) a s ; Ca k ;E s þg k ñúg vKÁbNþ úHbN þa l .


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E lE lE lE l ,,,, g f a mB leB le pþIm v K Á g f a mB leB le pþIm v K Á g f a mB leB le pþIm v K Á g f a mB leB le pþIm v K Á (((( Ice Breaking)

E l,g fa m B lKWCa ] bk rN_ s Mxa n;eB lc a b;epþ Im v K ÁbNþ úHb Nþa l . E l,g f a mB lm an \T æiB ld U c xa g eR k am³ a. b eg áIt n Uv G a rm µN_s ñ it s ña lk ñúg cMeLa m s ik ça ka m b. b eg áIt n Uv bri ya k a s mYyE dl ero brye d Im ,Is ik Sa c. p þa c;n Uv G a rm µ N_ rbs;s ik ça k am ec j B Ika rg a rrb s;xø Ün

x a g eR ka m en HCa k a rero b ra bx a g eR ka m en HCa k a rero b ra bx a g eR ka m en HCa k a rero b ra bx a g eR ka m en HCa k a rero b ra b ;; ;; B IB IB IB I \\\\ T æiB lé nk a rE lg E lT æiB lé nk a rE lg E lT æiB lé nk a rE lg E lT æiB lé nk a rE lg E l ,,,, g xa g el Ig xa g el Ig xa g el Ig xa g el I a. E l,g fa m B lma n sa r³ s Mxa n ;eB l EdlR k um s ik çak a mm in T a n ;s Áa l ;Kña . v a m a n PaB Ca b;T a k ;Tg

n wg “k a rbeg áIt G a rm µN_s ñ it s ña lrv a g Rk um s ikça k am ” b. en A eB l E dlR k um s ik ça k a ms Áa l ;Kña ) a n c ,a s;eh I yen a Hk a rB iPa k Sa Rk um k a n;E t m a n Rbs iT æPa B .

en Heh A f a “k a rbeg áIt briya k a sero brye dIm,IeF V Ik a rbNþú HbNþa l ” . c. en A eB l E dlR k um s ik ça k a m )a n s Áa l;Kña c ,a s;la s ;eh I y b:uE n þenA m a n m Yy c Mn Yn eT ot en A Kit KUr

B Ik a rg a renA k a riya l½ yrbs; xøÜ nen a H k a reF VIE l,g f a mB lra gk a yxøH KWm a nR bs iT æPa B ed Im ,I p øa s;b þÚrG a rm µN _rbs;e K . e n H KW Ca “k a rp þa c ;nUv G a rm µN_ rbs;s ik ça k a m BIk a rg a rrbs;xøÜ n ”

lMh a t ;d ¾sa m B a Ø n ig g a yR s YlsR m a b;eF VIE l,g f a mB lKW “k a rE Nna Mxø Ün” . R bs in eb I G ñk sR m b sR mYlc g ;beg áIt E l,g fa mB lmYyE dlm a n Rb s i T æiP a B ena Hs Um eF VIt a m CMh a n xa g eRk a mkñúg k a rE Nn aMx øÜn ³

1> [s ik ça k a m sresreQ µa H n ig ka rrMB wgT uk rbs;eKk ñúg v KÁb Nþú HbNþa le n A elIR k da s

2> R k da sT aMg ena HR t Uv)a n b iT en A elIk þa exo n 3> [s ik ça k a mE Nn a MxøÜ nen A xa gm uxeB lyk eT A b iT


21




4 > en A c ug bB a ©b;v KÁb Nþ úHb Nþa l G ñk sR m b sR m YlG a c eRb IR) a s;R k da s TaMg en a Hed Im ,I B init ü eLIg v ij e lIv KÁb Nþú HbN þa l . k a relIk eLIg n Uv s M NYrE t m Yy KWR Kb;R Ka n ;eh Iy “f a et Ik a r rMB wg Tuk rbs;eKR t Uv) a n b MeB j eT”

lMh a t ;KMr Um a n bg ða j k ñúg ]]]] bsmbsmbsmbsm << << n æ½ n æ½ n æ½ n æ½ 2222

E lE lE lE l ,,,, g f a mB l g f a mB l g f a mB l g f a mB l Energizer

E l, g fa mB l Energizer eRb IR ) a s;enA eB lE dlG ñk sR m b sR mYlc g;pøa s;b þÚ rn Uv b ri ya k a sk ñúg bn Þb;s ik Sa . ka reF VIE bben Hm a nR b eya Cn _Na s; bn Þa b ;BIk a reF VIbT ]eT Þs n ig bT bg ða j elIR b Fa n bT EdlK Y [F uj R T a Mna n a ry³ eBlyU rm k n ig bn Þa b;B IG a rh aréf ¶R t g ; . v a Kµa n rUbm n þ Ca k ;la k ;f a et IeB lNa Rt Uv elg E l,gf a mBlen a HeT . en A eB lE dl G ñk sR m bsR mYl B in it üe XIj f a s ik ça k am m a nPa Bt a n twg )a t ;bg ;c MNa b;G a rm µN_ nig k a req øIyt bv i C¢m a nn a n a en a H eKG a c bB a ©ÚlnUv E l,g f a mB l) a n . xa g eR ka m en HKW Ca lMh a t ;E dlsa m BaØ nig g a y²

� [s ik ça k a m eRk a kQ r t R mg ;édeCIg

� [s ik ça k a m eF VIcln a p øa s;T IB Ik E n øg m YyeT A k E n øg mYyeT o t .

G ñk sR m bsR mYlR t Uv n i ya y[ x øa Mg ² n ig c ,a s;eB lE dl bB a ¢a eT AR k um s ik ça k a m[eF VIG VIm Y y eda yl a yLM n Uv Pa B k Eb øg n ig k a rGs;s MeNI c pg . R bs in eb Im a n eB levl a R Kb ;RKa n ;eT eyIg G a c yk lMh a t;e p Sg m YyeT o t mk eR bI E dl m a n bgða j CUn k ñúg ] bsm <n æ½ 3 .

É k sa re ya gÉ k sa re ya gÉ k sa re ya gÉ k sa re ya g ³³³³ � The Winning Trainer, Forth Edition, Julius E. Eitington, 2002,

Butterworth-Heinemann

� Participatory Workshops, A source book of 21 sets of ideas & activities,


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K n øwH n a n a bn Þa bK n øwH n a n a bn Þa bK n øwH n a n a bn Þa bK n øwH n a n a bn Þa b ;; ;; B Ik a rb NþúH b N þa lB Ik a rb NþúH b N þa lB Ik a rb NþúH b N þa lB Ik a rb NþúH b N þa l

B in it ü eLIg v ij B Ik a rsR m bsR m Ylrb sB in it ü eLIg v ij B Ik a rsR m bsR m Ylrb sB in it ü eLIg v ij B Ik a rsR m bsR m Ylrb sB in it ü eLIg v ij B Ik a rsR m bsR m Ylrb s ;; ;; x ønx ønx ønx øn

k a rg a rd ¾s Mxa n ;m Y yrb s;G ñk sR m b sR mYlKWF a n a[m a n Rb s iT æP a B nUv k a rsR m bsR m Ylrbs;x øÜn k ñúg v KÁb Nþ úHbN þa l . k a rga ren Hv a xus Kña B Ika rR tYt Bin it ü n ig va yt ém øk a rbNþúHb Nþ a l . k ñúg eKa lb MNg enH k a rq øúH bB a ©a Mg el Ix øÜn É gk a rq øúH bB a ©a Mg el Ix øÜn É gk a rq øúH bB a ©a Mg el Ix øÜn É gk a rq øúH bB a ©a Mg el Ix øÜn É g bn Þa b;B Ik a rbNþú HbNþa l KW Ca ] bk rN_d ¾ m a n sa r³ s Mxa n ;m Y y . el Ik eLIg n Uv s MNY rsa m B a Øm YyKWR Kb;R Ka n ;eh I y d U cCa f a et Ic MNu cG VIE dlR t Uv E k lm ¥ s Rm a b;eB l eR ka y ? R b s ine b Icem øI yf a “m a n” en HCa c MNuc E dll ¥eh I yG ñk sR m bsR mYl KY rE t k t;sm Áa l;elIbB a ða n ig d MeNa HR sa yCa k ;la k ;na n a . k a reFVIE bb enHm a n n ½ yf a G ñk sR m b sR mYlk MB ug Et edIrk ñg Knøg E dlR t wm R t Uve hI y . R b s ine b Icem øI yeq ø Iyf a “m in m a n” en H Ca c M Nuc Rb k a sGa sn ñehIy . G ñk s R m bsR m YlB init ün Uv lT æplb B a¢Ws MN Yrn a n a E dle q øIye da ys ik ça k a m eb Im ind U c enH eT G ñk sR m b sR mYlKY rE t s Yrs ik ça k a m xøHB IG a rm µN_rbs;B Yk eK f a et IBYk eKm a n G a rm µN_ya : g d Uc em þcc MeB a Hk a rsR mbsR m Yl rb s;x øÜn. v a k Rm m a nNa s;E dlk a rsRm bs R mYlrbs;n rNa m ña k ;l ¥\t e x©a H E dl Kµa n cM Nuc E dl Rt UvE k lm¥ en a H . k ñúg bB a¢Ws MNY r KYrEt bB a ©Úln Uv s MNY rE dlv a yt é m øe lIG ñk sR m bs Rm Yl R bs in eb Iwe Kc g ;v a yt ém ø el Iv KÁbN þú Hb Nþa len a H . xa g eR ka m en HKW Ca k rNIs ik Sa E dle ro b cMed Im , IeF VIk a rB iPa k SaR kum bn Þa b;B Ik a reF VIb T ] eT Þs elIE pñk s þI B IbT bBa ¢a ép Þk ñúg rb s;R k um R bwk Sa .


23




]]]] b smb smb smb sm << << n æ½n æ½n æ½n æ½ 1111

k r NI k r NI k r NI k r NI 1111

en A k ñúg kic ©Rb CMus a m B aØel Ik T IB Ir R k um R b wk Sa ext þ }k } ) a nG num ½t R bt iT in én k ic ©R bC Musa m B a Ørbs;xø Ün

sR m a b;ry³ eB l1 2E x e da ym a n B t ’c ,a s;la s;G MB Ik al briec äT n ig T Ik E nøg R bCMu. bn Þa b;B Ik a rero bc Mk ic © R bCMusa m B aØelIk T I4 R bCa Blrd æ en A k ñúg E dn sm t ßk ic©) a nt ¥Új E t ¥rf a T Ik E nøg R bCMut Uc eB k E dl eF IVeG a y R bCa B lrd æ Ca eR cIn ) a n ) a t ;bg;»k a s kñúg k a rseg át em Ilk ic ©R bCMurbs; R kum R b wk Sa . bnÞa b;B I) a n T T Ylk a r t ¥Új E t ¥rE bb enHm k sm a Cik R k um R b wk Sa m ñak ; ) a ns eRm c c it þf a nwg elIk yk bB aða enHc Ulk ñúg k a rR bCMusa m B a Ø elIk T I5 ed Im ,Ieda HR sa y . c UrB iPa k Saf a et Isk mµPa B nig esc kþIse Rm c G VI xø H EdlR b Fa n Rk um R bwk Sa n ig sma CikR kum R b wk Sa xa g elIKY rR bk a n;yk ?

k r NI k r NI k r NI k r NI 2 2 2 2

eya g el IPa B c aM) a c ;en A k ñúg m Uldæa n R k um R b wk Sa ext þm Yy) a n Rb CuMs eRm c G MB It R m Uvk a rero bc MdIk a

s IþB Ik a rero bc M n ig k a rR Kb ;RK g eP Iøg G KiÁs nIs R m a b;b MP Wøsa Fa rN³ k ñúg TIrYm e xt þ. bn Þa b; B Iero bcMes ck IþR B ag eda ym a n k a rB ieR Ka Heya b l;Ca m Y yG ñk B a k;B ½n § Rk um R bwk Sa erob cMR b CMusa m B aØrbs ; xøÜ n ed Im ,IB in it ü nig G n um ½t d Ik a en H. s m a Cik R k um R b wk Sa kñúg ext þen H m a nc Mn Y n 1 9r Ub eh Iyk ñúg eB lk ic ©RbCMuen H m a n sm a Cik 1 8rUbc Ul rYm eda yR bFa nR k um Rb wk Sa eFIVCa R bFa n G gÁR b CMu. e n A eB lR bF a n GgÁR bCMu es Iñ eG a ysm a Cik R kum R b wk Sa elIk é dKa MR T eXIj f a m a nE t sma Cik 0 9ruUb b: ueN Ña H) a nKa MR T . eT a Hb ICa s em øgKa M R T m in ) a n elIsB I B ak;k Nþa lén sm a Cik R k um Rb wk SaT aMg Gs ;k¾eda y k ¾R b Fa n G gÁR bCMun iya yf a G n um ½t d Ik a ren HE dr.

bn Þa b ;BIG n uvt þ) a n m Y yr y³ m k ma n sm a Cik cMn Yn 5 rUb ) a n eT A BieR Ka He ya b l;Ca m YyR bF a n Rkum R b wk Sa ed Im ,IeF IVk a rEk sR mYlbB a Øt iþm Yyc M n Yn E dlm a nk ñúg d Ik a. R bF a nRk um R b wk Sa ) a nyl;R B m n ig seR m c da k;b B a© Úlk ñúg reb o bv a r³ é nk ic©R bCMusa m B a Ørbs;R k um R bwk Sa n aE xbn Þa b;. eT a Hb ICa m in T a n ;) a n R bCMuE k E R bd Ik ak ¾eda y k ¾sm a Cik Rk um R b wk Sa 3rUb k ñúg c MeNa m 5 rUb E dles Iñs MuE k E R bd Ik a en a H) a n R bCMu Ca m YyR b Ca B lrdæ e da yC Mra bR bCa B lrdæf a k ñúg n am R kum R b wk Sa extþ ´s Um CR m a bCUn R bCa B lrd æ T a Mg G s;f a n a eB l xa g m ux R k um R bwk Sa ext þ n wg bn þB Rg Ik k a rero bc MePIø g GKiÁsn Ie n H[) a n R Kb ;T Ik En øg T aMg


24




G s;k ñúg TIrYm e xt þrb s;e yIg en H. s MNY r

1 - et Ik a rseR m c G num ½t d Ik a rbs;R b Fa n Gg ÁR bCMueF IVe L Ig R t wm Rt Uv Edr rWeT ? eh t uG I V? 2- et Ik a rseR m c yl ;RB m rbs;Rb Fa n Rkum R b wk Sa k ñúg k a rdak ;reb o bv a r³ én k a rEk ERb dIk aeT A k ñúg k ic©

R bCMusa m B aØrbs;R k um Rb wk Sa eF IVe LIg R t wm R tUv E drrWeT ? eh t uG IV? 3- et IGñk yl; ya :g d Ucem þc E d r cMeB a HT eg IVrbs;sm a Cik R k um R b wk Sab IrUbxa g elI?


R kum R b wk Sa sa la ext þ } k } ) anb eg Iát } KN³ k m µa F ik a rs uxu m a lP aB R bCaB lrd æ} edIm , I CY ypþl ; eya b l;

n ig elIk G nus a sn _CU n R k um R b wk SaB a k;B ½n§k ic©k a rna na s Med A elIk k m <s;s ux um a lPa B RbCa B lrd æen A k ñúg E dn sm t ßk ic ©rbs;x øÜn . e d Im ,IsR m Yl dl;k a rg a rrbs;xøÜ n K N³k m µF ik a renH ) a n G eB aI¢j sa R s þa c a rüm k B Im h a viT üa l½ym Y yk ñúg ext þ eG a ym k eFIV Ca T IR b wk Sa rbs;xøÜ n .

k ñúg ka rc uHCYbR b Ca B lrd æenA m Uld æa n s m a Cik R k um R b wk Sam Yyr Ub) a n CYbs Me NHs MNa lCa m Yy R bCa B l rd æm YyR k um . R bCa B lrd æT a Mg en a H ) a n sMNUm B r eG a ysm a Cik R kum R b wk Sa en a HCY yE k lm ¥ s Yn c ,a rm a t ;T en øeG a ym a nes a P½NPa B eLIg v ij ed Im ,Ie G a yR bCa B lrd æG a c eT A ed Irelg k Msa n þ lME h k a y) a n. ed Im ,Ieq Iø yt b eT A n wg s MNUm B ren H sm a Cik R kum R b wk Sa ena H ) a n es IñeG a yG Pi) a lext þ c uH eF I Vk a rs ik Sa R sa vR Ca v eh Iyeb I eX Ij f a G a c eT A rYc s Um eG a yG P i)a lext þeF I Vk arE k lm ¥s Yn c ,a r en a H Ca b nÞa n; t a m sMNUm B rrb s;R bCa B lrd æ. eR k a yB Ic uHs ik Sa eXIj f a sa la ext þG a c ma n lT §Pa B eB l ena H G Pi) a lk ¾) a n ca t;E c g eGa yeKE k lm ¥s Yn c, a rm a t ;T enøen a H t a mk a res Iñs Mu rbs;sm a Ci k Rk um R bwk Sa xa g elI.

s MN Yr s MN Yr s MN Yr s MN Yr ³³³³ et Isk mµP a B xag elIen H c MNu c Na xøHE d lm in R s bn wg s µa rt Ién KM rUb T b B a¢a é pÞk ñúg eh Iyet IR t Uv

E k lm ¥sk m µPa B T a Mg en a HdUc em þc ed Im,IeG a yR sbn wg b TbB a ¢a é pÞk ñúg en H?


25





R kum R b wk Sa ext þ }X} ) a n ero bc Mk ic ©R bCMus a m B aØel Ik T I 8 rbs;xøÜn . es c k IþR B ag k MNt ;eh t uk ic ©R bCMu R t Uv ) a n ero bc Meda yn a yk rd æ ) a l ehIy) a n E c k CUns m a Cik R k um R bwk Sa TaMg G s ; 5 éf ¶m unk a rR bCMuelIk eR k a y. bn Þa b ;BIk a rB iPa k Sa en A kñúg kic ©R bCMus a m B a ØelIk T I 9 R k um Rb wk Sa )a n sn iñd æa n f a Bt ’m a ns Mxa n; ² m Y y cMn Yn m in ) a n bB a ©Úlen A k ñúg es ck IþRB ag kMNt ;eh t uen HeT d U ecñ H esc k IþR B agk MNt;eh t uen H R t Uv B init ü eLIg vij .

s Um B iPak Saf a et Isk mµPa B n ig k a rs Mercc it þR beP T Na EdlR b Fa n R kum R b wk Sa n ig Rk um R bwk Sa KYreF IV?

k r NI k r NI k r NI k r NI 5 5 5 5 R kum R b wk Sa ext þm Yy ) a n B in it üeLIg vij n U v E pn k a rf v ik a R bc a Mq ña M en A k ñúg kic ©R bCMusa m B aØm Yy.

sm a Cik R k um R b wk Sa 1 rUb ) a nc a b;ep Iþm p þl; KM n it rbs; Ka t ;G MB IBR g ag E p nk a rf v ika R b ca Mq ña Men H . eT a Hb I Ca k n øHem a :g ) a nk n øg rYck Iþ sm a Cik R k um R bwk Sa ena H h a k ;d Uc Ca m in T a n ;bB a©b;k a rbeBa ©jm t irbs ;Ka t ;enA eLIy . et IRb Fa n Rkum R b wk Sa KYreF IVd Uc em þc ed Im ,IR Kb ;R Kg s ßa n Pa BE b ben H? m Y ysn Þú HeR k a ym k sma Cik R kum R b wk Sa rUben H n ig sm a Cik Rk um R bwk Sa mYyrU b eT o t ) a n ca b;epIþm R bE k kKña G MB IbB aða f vik a ehIy B Yk eKha k ;d Uc Ca m in cg ;bB a Äb;k a rCE Ck Kña enH esa H eT a HCa ry³ eB lk n øHem a :g ) a nk n øg p ut kIþ. sm a Cik R kum R b wk Sa ep Sg ²eT o t R Ka n ;E t en A es ¶ó m . et IR b Fa n Rk um R b Wk Sa KYreF I Vd U cem þc ? bn Þa b; B Ik ic ©R bCMue nH sm a Cik R k um R b wk Sa m Yyc Mn Y n ) a n s Mercc it þes IñeGa ym a n k a rB in it üeL Ig v ij nUv bT bB a¢a é pÞk ñúg ed Im,IFa n a eG a y) a n f a Kµa nn rNa m ña k ;m a n \T i§B lR Kb;dN þb;el Ik ic ©R bCMu eh I ysm a Cik R k um R b wk Sa T a Mg G s;G a c m a n »k a ses Iµ²Kña k ñúg ka rb eBa ©j KMn it n ig eya b l;en A k ñúg G g ÁR bCMu. et IRb k a rR bePT Naxø HKYrbB a © ÚleT A k ñúg bT bB a ¢a ép Þk ñúg ?


26




]]]] b s mb s mb s mb s m << << n æ½n æ½n æ½n æ½ 2222

1111 >>>> k a rE N na MxøÜn E dl eF VIk a rE N na MxøÜn E dl eF VIk a rE N na MxøÜn E dl eF VIk a rE N na MxøÜn E dl eF VI [[[[ e Kc a be Kc a be Kc a be Kc a b ;; ;; G a rm µNG a rm µNG a rm µNG a rm µN __ __ eB lE dl Gñk sR m bsR mYl cg ;begáIt k a rE Nn a MxøÜnm Yyk ñú g lkçN³ k a n;E t ca b;G a rm µN_en a H s Um eR CIse rIsn Uvd MNI rk a rd Uc xa g eR ka m ³ 1> G ñk s Rm b sR mYles ñ I[s ik ça k a m ca b;K Ur Kña 2> KYn im Y y² es ñI [eF V Ik a rsm Öa sn _elI Kña eT A vij eT A mk ry³ eB l R) a Mna T I 3> m ña k ;k ñg c MeNa m m YyK UENn a M B Iéd KU rb s; xøÜ nG MB IeQ µa H G g ÁP a B ka rrMB wg Tuk rbs;é dKUx øÜn

B IvK ÁbNþ úHb Nþa l .

lMh a t ;enHbeg áIn k a rs þa b;rbs ;s ik ça ka m k ñúg c MeNa m s ik ça k a m na n a . Rbs in Ca em Ile XIj f a T Mn g s ik ça ka m nwg min s þa b;Kña eT A v ij eT A m k eT e na H eKKY reT eF VIlMh a t ;en HB IeB ld Mb Ug én v KÁb NþúHbN þa l .

2222 >>>> k a rbeB a ©j n Uvk g Vlk a rbeB a ©j n Uvk g Vlk a rbeB a ©j n Uvk g Vlk a rbeB a ©j n Uvk g Vl ;; ;; n a n an a n an a n an a n a1

s ik ça ka m Rt Uv) a n eKpþl; »k a s [b eB a ©j n Uv G a rm µN_rbs; eKel Iv KÁbN þú HbNþa l enA eB lc a b;ep þIm é nv KÁbN þúHb Nþa l . e KG a c eR b IR ) a s ;nUv d Me NI rk a rxa g eR k a m enH) a n ³ 1> es ñI [s ik ça k a mb eBa ©j n Uv kg Vl ;na na E dlG a c ek It eLIg k ñúg vKÁbNþ úHbN þa l .

elIk dMb Ug KY rE t pþl;n Uv ]T a h rN_ xø H ²

] T a h rN_³ - k a reF VIb T ] eT ÞsF uj R T aM - xøwm sa ré nk a rbNþúHb Nþa l B i) a k eB k

2> k a rRB Yy) a rm ÖE dl e lIk eL Ig eda ys ik ça k a mR tUv ) a n eKk t ;R t a en Ak þa exo n rWR k da s p ÞaMg F M ¬1 0 na T I¦

3> G ñk s Rm b sR mYles ñ I[s ik ça k a m eR CIserIs n Uvk g Vl;s M xa n ;² cMn Yn b Ie c j B It a rag elIk þaexo n rWR k da sp Þa Mg F M . ¬10 n a T I¦

4> G ñk s Rm b sR mYl n ig s ik ça k a m RB m eRB o g Kña ed Im,Ik Mu[G VIE dl RB Yy) a rm Öen a Hek It eL Ig .

1 This idea comes from The Winning Trainer, Forth Edition, Julius E. Eitington, 2002, Butterworth-Heinemann.


27




k a reF VIE bben Hm a n R bs iT æiPa B ed Im ,Ibe g áIn nUv k a reB j c it þr bs;s ik ça k a m . Gñk sR m bs R m Yl G a c d wg n Uvk a rRB Yy) a rm Ön a n a Ca m unE dlel Ik eLIg eda ys ik çak a m ehIys ik ça k a mk¾ek at s ¶b ; E s ¶g B Ik a relIk eLIg rbs ;xøÜ n pg E drR bs ineb IG ñk sR m bsRm Yl bg ða j n UvG a rm µN_e Ka r B c MeB a H G VIE dls ik ça k a m elIk eLIg kñú g v KÁbNþ úHb N þa l .

3333 > > > > E lE lE lE l ,,,, g beg áIt bg beg áIt bg beg áIt bg beg áIt b :: :: m ¬b nÞa y¦m ¬b nÞa y¦m ¬b nÞa y¦m ¬b nÞa y¦2

s ik ça k a m Rt Uv ) a n eKp þl; »k a s[eF VIk a rCa m Y yK ña . lMh a t;en H rYm m a n nUv k a r g a rka ysb,T a xøH dUc e n Hv a k ¾Ga ceR b IR ) a s;eF VI Ca E l,gf a mB l Energizer ) a np g E dr .

dMeN Irk a rdUc xa g eR ka m³ 1> G ñk sR m bsRm Yles ñ I[s ik ça k a mbeg áIt R kum n a n a . R kum n im Yy²m a nK ña R bE h lb Yn ¬04 ¦ n a k ; 2> Ec k Rk da sTMh M A4 c Mn Yn 3 0 pÞa Mg s áút n ig k é®n þCUn dl; R k um nim Y y²

3> pþl;eB l1 0 n a T Ik ñúg mYyR k um [eF VIk a rB iP a k Sa Kña B Ik a rbeg áIt b:m ¬bn Þa y¦m Y yE dl x< s ;b Mput t a m EdlG a c eF VIeT A ) a n eda yeR b IR ) a s; n Uv R k da s s áút n ig k é®n þ . k ñg d MNa k ;k a len H k a rG n uvt þ Ca k ;E s þgB MuR t Uv ) a ne KG n uB a Øa t ieLI y .

4> pþl;eB l1 0 n a T ICUn dl;R k u m n im Yy ²[beg áIt n Uv b:m ¬b nÞa y¦m Y yk ñúg m YyR k um . k ñúg k a rG nuv t þ en H s ik ça k a mBMuR t Uv) a n eKG n uB a Øat i[eF VIT M n a k ;T M n g eda yeR b IPa sa eT .

5> G ñk sR m bsRm YlB in it üem I lf a etIR k um Na mYyE dlbe g áIt n Uv b:m ) a n x<s; Ca g eK .

6> Rb s in eb IB Mum a neB lR Kb;R Ka n ;eT ena H Gñk sR m bsR mYl Ga ces ñI[s ik ça ka m b eB a ©j mt in a n a G MBI lMh a t ;en Hf a et IGVICa c M NucB i ) a kk ñúg k a reFVIk a rg a rCa Rk um .

lMh a t ;en Hk ¾m a n sa r³s Mxa n ; pg Edrc MeB a Hk a rs ik SaB Ika reF VIk a rga rCa R kum E dlrYm m a n PaB Ca G ñk dwk na M k a rshk a rN_ k a rcUlrYm nig k a rT Mna k ;T Mn g .l. eB lG n uv t þE l,g f a mB l Energizer eyIg KY rm a nT m øa b;Ca m Uld æa n m Y y KWf a G ñk E dlm in cUl elg El ,g f a mB lGa ceF VIk a rG eg át . eKa lb MNg c b,g m YyE dlR t Uv c a Men a HK W k a rsRm a k . G ñk sR m bsRm Ylm inR t Uvp þ l;n Uv Pa B ta nt wg dl;s ik ça k am eLI y .

2 This idea comes from Team Building, written in Japanese, Kimitoshi Hori and others, 2007, Nikkei Publishing

Inc.


28




1111 >>>> E lE lE lE l ,,,, g beg áIt sem øg ePøó gg beg áIt sem øg ePøó gg beg áIt sem øg ePøó gg beg áIt sem øg ePøó g3 ]]]] b smb smb smb sm << << n æ½n æ½n æ½n æ½ 3333

1> Gñk sR m bsR mYl es ñ I[s ik ça k a m eR kak Q reLIg n ig eF VIe T A t a mk a yv ik a rrbs;G ñk sRm b sR m Yl

2> Gñk sR m bsR mYl yk R m a mé dm ça g m k e Ka HelI) a t édm ça g eT ot 3> bn Þa b;m k eR b IR m a m édB IeKa He lI) a t édm ça g eTo t bnÞa b;m k eT o t eR b IR m a mb I b n Þa b;eT o t b Yn

nig cug eR ka yeR b IT aMg G s; . 4> enA R Ka d Mb Ug s k m µPaB R tUv eF VI eLIg eda ys n Swm² bn Þa b;m k begáIn el,Ó n Ca lMda b; 5 > E l,gf a mB lenHc b ; eB lE dls ik ça k a mm in G a c begáIn el,Ó n eT A m ux) a n eT ot .

2222 >>>> E lE lE lE l ,,,, g g g g Trust Fall4

1> Gñk sR m bsR mYl es ñ I[s ik ça k a mbeg áIt Ca rg Vg ;m YyE dlm a n Kña 8n a k ; . 2> eRCIser IsG ñk s µR K½ c it þm ña k ;ed a y[Q ren A k Nþa lrg Vg ;eda yb iT E Pñk eh Iyen A [es ¶ó m 3> Gñk sR m bsR mYl [G ñk s µR K½ c it þen a H r Mk ilx øÜn f y eR k a yed Im,I [G ñk E dleF VI Ca rg Vg ;enH c a b ; 4> Gñk E dl ca b ;G ñk c a b;G ñk s µR K½c it þ) a n eh Iy ruj G ñk s µR K½c i t þrUb en Hf µm²eT A G ñk bn Þa b;en A

k ñg rg Vg; . 5> lMh a t ;en Hcb ; eB lE dlG ñk s µ½Kc it þen Hv ilm k dl ;m n us SdMb Ug E dl) a n ca b ;G ñk

s µR K½c it þen a H . 6> Rb s in Ca m a neB lR Kb ;R Ka n ;G ñk s Rm b sR mYlG a c es ñI [ G ñk s µR K½cit þ rUbepSg eF VIe LIg vij

nUv d MeN Irk a rE dl) a n ero bra b;xa g elI . 7> m unn wg b B a©b ;lMh a t;en H G ñk sR m b sR mYlKY rE t s YrB IG a rm µN_rbs ;G ñk s µR K½c it þrUb e na H f a

et IKa t ;m a n G a rm µN_E bbNa P½y xøa c R s Yl>>.l.

3 This idea comes from Participatory Workshops, A source book of 21 sets of ideas & activities, Robert

Chambers, 2002, Earthscan Publications Ltd. 4 This idea comes from The Winning Trainer.


29




3333 > > > > E lE lE lE l ,,,, gggg R KbR KbR KbR Kb ;; ;; K ña r Mk ilK ña r Mk ilK ña r Mk ilK ña r Mk il5

1> Gñk sR m bsR mYl es ñ I[s ik ça k a mTa Mg G s;beg áIt Ca rg Vg ;eda yeR b Ie k A G Irbs;xøÜ n .

2> Gñk sR m bsR mYl Q ren A c Mk Nþa leh I yE R sk fa “Gñk Ta Mg G s;E dlB a k; sem øó k bMB a k ; B N’exo v” .

3> s ik ça k a m E dl m a n semøó k bMB ak;B N’ exo v KY rE t c l½t eT A ek A GIT Men r . G ñk sR m b sR mYlk ¾ Rt Uvc l½t eT A ek A GIT Men rEdr .

4> Gñk E dl m inG a c rk ek A GIG gÁú y) a n R t Uv E R sk ec j n Uv bB a¢a m YyeT o t 5> k a rk Ms a nþen Hm a n ry³ eB lBI 10 eT A 15 na T IR Kb ;R Ka n ;e h Iy .

]T a h rN_én k a rb Ba ¢a xøH² - G ñk B ak;E xS k

- G ñk E dlm k k E n øg bNþúHb Nþ a lm un em :a g 7

- G ñk E dlm in en A ra Cra CFa n IPñM eB j rWG ñµk E dlen A ext þ Na m YyCa k;la k ; Rb yt ñ½Rb yt ñ½Rb yt ñ½Rb yt ñ½ ³³³³

-lMh a t ;en H Ca l Mha t ;E dleR b If a mB leR c In dUc en Hva s m Rs bsR ma b;s ik ça k am E dlm a n v½yek µg . b:uE n þG ñk d ¾ éT eT o tG a ceF VICa G ñk G eg át )a n .

5 This idea comes from Participatory Workshops, A source book of 21 sets of ideas & activities.

esovepaennams þib ic mn ajbnþúhbnþal - 国際協 … · esovepaennams þib ic mn...

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