essential nutrition, hygiene, and care practices during...

Ivyankenerwa mu bijanye n’ugufungura, isuku, n’ibindi bigirirwa umwana akiri muto: Ihangiro ry’icigwa

Igitabu ca 4 kuri 5

Ivyankenerwa mu bijanye n’ugufungura, isuku, n’ibindi bigirirwa umwana akiri muto:

Urutonde rw’ivyigwa

Icigwa ca 1: Imfungurwa zihwanye n’ibigero vy’umwana: Hagati y’amezi 6 n’8 8Icigwa ca 2: Imfungurwa z’umwana: Hagati y’amezi 9 na 11 ..............21Icigwa ca 3: Imfungurwa z’umwana: Hagati y’amezi 12 na 23 .............32Icigwa ca 4: Ibigize umusururu: Ifu ya Tubaramure (CSB) n’ibifungurwa vy’ikirundi.......................................................................................43Icigwa ca 5: Amavitamine A: Imfungurwa n’ibindi bizunganira............53Icigwa ca 6: Inzoka zo mu nda be n’imiti yazo....................................64Icigwa c' 7: Gutegura, gukinjika be no gushingura imfungurwa...........74Icigwa ca 1-7 Imbere y’ikibazo n’inyuma yaco....................................85Icigwa ca 1-7 Imbere y’Inyishu z’Ibibazo............................................88

Ivyigwa, udukuru n’ibikorwa ku vyerekeye Ivyankenerwa mu bijanye n’ugufungura, isuku, n’ibindi bigirirwa umwana akiri muto: Integuro y’icigwa yunganira ibicapo vy’inyigisho ku vyankenerwa mu bijanye n’ugufungura, isuku, n’ibindi bigirirwa umwana akiri muto.

Gutahura integuro y’ivyigwa

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Icigwa cose gitangurira ku ntumbero. Izo nazo zikaba ari intumbero zijanye n’inyifato, ubumenyi n’ivyizerwa biba bishikirizwa muri ico cigwa. Ni mwitwararike kuraba ko imwe imwe yose muri izo ntumbero iba ishimikiro muri uwo mwanya w’icigwa. Hariho ubwoko bune bw’intumbero. Kandi imwe yose muri zo yaradondowe aho musi.

Intumbero zijanye n’inyifato: Intumbero nyinshi zijanye n’inyifato zanditswe nk’amajambo yo kwiyemeza igikorwa (inama canke ingingo). Ivyo ni ivyokorwa vyitezwe ko uwujejwe kubungabunga umwana yokurikiza yishimikije ubutumwa nyamukuru bwashikirijwe mu gitabo c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho.

Intumbero z’ubumenyi: Nk’akarorero, twipfuza ko abavyeyi boshobora gudondagura ibimenyetso vyo kugeramirwa hamwe n’inzira zitanu z’ukuntu imigera itera gucibwamwo ihererekanywa. Ivyo ni ibintu abajejwe kubungabunga abana bategerezwa gufata ku mutwe muri uwo mwanya w’icigwa, bagakoresha amasanamu mu kwiyibutsa.

Intumbero z’ivyizerwa: Turazi ko ivyizerwa n’inyifato bifise ingaruka ku bikorwa vyacu. Kenshi dusanga ivyizerwa bitari vyo vy’umuntu canke ingene asanzwe abona ibibazo vy’ubuzima n’isi ari vyo bibabuza gushikira ihinduka ryogira akamaro k’amagara meza.

Intumbero z’ibituma vy’inyifato: Intumbero z’ibituma vy’inyifato ni imvo zituma abantu bagendera (canke batagendera) mu nyifato ivuzwe. Hariho ibituma vy’inyifato munani bishoboka nk’uko vyashizwe ahabona mu vyigwa vy’umwihwezo w’intambamvyi vyakorewe mu ntara zose. Ivyo vyigwa birerekana ibituma bihambaye gusumba ibindi ku nyifato yose.1 Mu gushimikira ku bituma vyafashije abakora (ni ukuvuga abajejwe kwitwararika abana ku mutumba basanzwe bagendera muri iyo nyifato nshasha) turashobora guhimiriza abadakora (abajejwe kwitwararika abana batagendera muri izo nyifato nshasha) ngo batsinde inzitizi zabaujije kugerageza canke gushishikara iyo ngendo muri kahise.

Musi y’izo ntumbero, ibikoresho vyose bikenewe muri ico cigwa vyashizwe ku rutonde. Uwurongoye icigwa akwiye kwitwararika kuzana ibikoresho vyose bikenerwa muri ico cigwa. Mu cigwa kigira gatanu, twinjijemwo iciyumviro c’umurongozi w’igikorwa azoshira umwitwarariko ku bikoresho bizokenerwa mu rutonde rw’ivyigwa rugira kabiri. Mworaba ngaho musi kugira ngo mutahure vyinshi.

Umwimenyerezo wose (igice c’integuro y’icigwa) werekanwa n’agasanamu gato. Ayo masanamu akoreshwa mu kwibutsa abakenyezi barongoye abandi batazi gusoma urukurikirane rw’ibiza gukorwa mu cigwa. Nk’akarorero, ni hagera ko abarongora mu gukina agakino, integuro y’icigwa yerekana isanamu y’umuntu atwenze aboneka nk’uwuryohewe n’ako gakino (raba aho musi). Amasanamu yo mu nteguro y’icigwa afasha abakenyezi barongora abandi 1See http://barrieranalysis.fhi.net for more information.

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http://barrieranalysis.fhi.net/

kumenya igikorwa baza gukurikizako. Ni mwihweze ivyadondowe ngaho musi kugira ngo mutahure vyinshi gusumba.

Igikorwa ca mbere muri buri cigwa ni agakino. Utwo dukino tugafasha abitavye gutwenga, kuja mu kamwemwe no kwitegurira igikorwa. Hariho udukino tumwe tumwe dusubiramwo kwihweza inyigisho nyamukuru abitavye bamaze kwiga. Utundi dukino tugashira imbere intumbero z’ivyizerwa. Mwitwararike kuraba ko bose bakina muri ako gakino.

Inyuma y’agakino haca hakurikira igice co guhamagara amazina no gutora umuti w’ingorane. Abarongozi b’ivyigwa bose bazohamagara amazina y’abitavye. Ibibazo vyo gutorera umuti vyerekeye gusa abarongoye ivyigwa (Abakanguzi) basanzwe bajejwe kwigisha abandi.2 Umukanguzi ni we akurikirana ingorane izo ari zo zose abakenyezi barongoye abandi bagize mu kwigisha ivyigwa vyaheze. Ni murabe ivyo gukina wishira mu kibanza c’umuntu biri mu cigwa ca 4 (c’agatabo ka 1) kugira ngo mutahure vyinshi.

Ivyo biheze uwo arongoye icigwa aca yugurura igitabo c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho kw’isanamu ya mbere y’icigwa. Agaheza agasoma n’inkuru yanditse inyuma y’urupapuro rw’isanamu, yongerezako ibindi vy’ido n’ido n’ibindi vyo kudondora nk’uko biba bikenewe.

Inkuru iboneka muri buri cigwa ikurikirwa n’ibibazo vyo guharirako. Ivyo bibazo bigafasha uwo arongoye icigwa kumenya ingiro y’ababungabunga abana muri ico gihe (nk’uko iba ijanye n’ico cigwa). Ico gice cashiriweho guhanahana ivyiyumviro, si ico kwigisha. Witwararike guha umuntu wese akaryo ko gushikiriza iryo agona.

2Mu mugambi Tubaramure, abakozi bahembwa umushahara bitwa imboneza (aba Promotor). Uruhara rwabo ni ukwigisha abavyeyi barongoye abandi kugira bafashe kwigisha ababanyi babo. Iyo myimenyerezo igenewe imboneza gusa kandi ntibikenewe ko abavyeyi barongoye abandi bayikorresha mu gihe bigisha ababanyi babo.

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Isanamu igira kabiri, n’iya gatatu hamwe n’iya kane muri buri cigwa ni ayo kwigishirizako intumbero nyamukuru y’icigwa. Mumaze gusanzurura ku rupapuro rugira kabiri rw’igitabo c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho baza uti “mubona iki muri iyi sanamu?” Abahari ni bishure kandi badondore ico biyumvira ko ayo masanamu yo mu Gitabo c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho abashikiriza.

Hanyuma uce usigura inyigisho iri muri ayo majambo yanditse inyuma y’isanamu mfashanyigisho. Na none kandi incamake y’izo nyigisho yerekanwa mu ryungane rigufi ridondora ibiri mw’isanamu mfashanyigisho riba ryanditse kuri urwo rupapuro ruriko ico gicapo. Mwitwararike gusigura buri gicapo mukoresheje ayandi mungane atondetse inyuma y’igicapo (canke mu nteguro y’icigwa). Integuro y’icigwa isanzwe irimwo ibindi vyiyumviro vyongeweko vyo gufasha uwigisha. Kandi ivyo vyiyumviro vyongeweko ntibikenewe ko vyozanwa ngo biyagweko mu cigwa.

Inyuma y’isanamu mfashanyigisho igira kane y’icigwa, hakurikira igikorwa. Ivyo bikorwa ni imyimenyerezo “yo gukora” ifasha abitavye gutahura no gushira mu ngiro ivyo bize. Vyinshi muri ivyo bikorwa bikenera ibikoresho binaka n’imyiteguro itomoye.

Guhera mu rutonde rw’ivyigwa rugira 2, uwurongora ico gikorwa ajejwe gutegura ibikoresho biza gukenerwa mu Gakorwa kajanye n’ico Cigwa. Umurongozi w’Igikorwa mu Rutonde rw’ivyigwa rugira kabiri atorwa mu Cigwa ca 5 (c’agatabo ka 1).Umurongozi w’Igikorwa abanza kubonana n’uwurongora ivyigwa mu minota cumi imbere ya buri cigwa kugira ngo bavugane ku bikoresho bizokenerwa mu gikorwa kijanye n’icigwa kizokurikira. Uwo azezwa ico gikorwa ni we afise uruhara rwo kuvugana n’abandi (Abakenyezi Ndongozi canke ababanyi) muri wa mwanya wo “guhamagara amazina no gutora umuti w’ingorane” kugira ngo atunganye ikibazo c’ibikoresho bizokenerwa mu nama izokurikira, akabasaba ko bokwitanga bakazozana ivyi bikoresho bikenewe. Uwurongoye ivyigwa ni we azobarongora muri ico gikorwa, ariko uwo yajejwe ibikorwa nawe akazoza aramushigikira mu gutegekanya abitanga no mu gufasha uwurongoye ivyigwa nk’uko biba bikenewe muri ako kanya k’igikorwa.

Mu gice kijanye n’ijambo probe risigura ngo tohoza Uwurongoye ivyigwa arabaza ko hoba hariho intambamyi zobuza abajejwe abana kugerageza izo ngendo nshasha. Baraheza bakayaga kuri izo ntambamyi hanyuma bagaca batandukira igice gikurikira.

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Uwurongoye ivyigwa araheza akamenyesha abajejwe kwitwararika abana uburyo bokoresha mu gutora umuti w’ingorane zashikirijwe. Uwo Arongoye ivigwa akabashikiriza kandi ibindi vyiyumviro canke ubundi buryo bwo kubona ibintu bwofasha abo bajejwe abana gutahura ingene boshishikara batera imbere.

Haca hakurikira Kwimenyereza no kumenyereza. Iki gice ni nkenerwa mu kwigisha Abakenyezi Ndongozi. Dushaka kumenya neza ko batahuye ivyo bazokwigisha kandi ko bashoboye kubishikiriza abandi neza. Muri ico gikorwa co mu mugwi muto, Umukanguzi arashobora gukurikiranira hafi kandi akaza arakosora abagifise ingorane.

Uwujejwe ivyigwa asaba umukeknyezi arongoye abansi (canke abajejwe kwitwararika abana) kwiyemeza ko agiye gutangura kugendera mu ngendo nshasha bamaze kwiga. Ivyo iyo bavyemeye, abajejwe kwitwararika abana bakwiye kuvyatura mu majambo bivugiye. Abo bajejwe kwitwararika abana nibo bategerezwa kwihitiramwo. Nta n’umwe akwiye kubagoberera kwiyemeza ikintu mu gihe bacumva ko batiteguye.

Igice ca nyuma ni co uwujejwe ivyigwa agenzura ibikorwa vy’abakenyezi barongoye abandi (canke vy’abajejwe kwitwararika abana) yishimikije inyigisho bakuye mu cigwa giherutse. Uwujejwe ivyigwa akabahimiriza ngo bagerageze izo ngendo nshasha batari bwashikeko.

Ivyigwa vyose bikurikiza urwo rutonde rushikirijwe aho hejuru. Ivyo vyigwa birashobora kuringanizwa neza iyo bikenewe kugira ngo bijane n’ivyo umugwi wawe wo kubabarana ukeneye. Ivyigwa ntibikwiye kumara umwanya urenga amasaha abiri naho bishobora gushika ivyigwa bimwe bimwe bigatwara igihe kirekire gusumba ibindi. Umwanya wogenerwa buri gice urerekanwa ngaho musi.

Izina ry’igice Umwanya wokenerwa kuri ico gice

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AgakinoGuhamagara amazina no gutora umuti w’ingoraneInkuru hamwe na gutohoza (Isanamu 1)Erekana kandi usigure (Isanamu 2)Erekana kandi usigure (Isanamu 3)Erekana kandi usigure (Isanamu 4)IgikorwaTohozaMenyeshaKwimenyereza no kumenyerezaSabaKwihweza

iminota 10iminota 5-15iminota 10iminota 5iminota 5iminota 5iminota 15iminota 10iminota 5iminota 20iminota 2iminota 15Isaha 2

Gukenguruka

Hanold, Mitzi J. (2010) Essential Nutrition, Hygiene, and Care Practices during Early Childhood Mother Leader Lesson Plan. Washington DC. Food for the Hungry (FH), yashoboye gutunganywa ku bw’ubufasha bwatanzwe n’Ibiro vya Food for Peace, Ibiro vya Demokrasi, Intambara, n’Imfashanyo yo Gufasha Imbabare, hamwe kandi n’Ishirahamwe rya Leta Zumwe Ubumwe za Amerika ry’Iterambere kw’isi yose mu masezerano AID-FFP-09-00004-00. Ivyiyumviro vyashikirijwe ngaha ni ivy’umwanditsi kandi si ukuvuga ko bitegerezwa guserura iciyumviro c’iryo Shirahamwe rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ry’Iterambere kw’Isi Yose.

Turakengurukiye cane abaducapiye Edgar Gatobo, Dr Isumbisho Mazambisho Mazambi (IMC), Dr Jean D’Arc Ntiranyibagira na Regine Pachis Nihoreho (CRS), Elie(PRONIANUT), Ndeberi Remegi et Mbisamakoro Bernard (IEC-Minisanté), Musavyi Jean Marie (PNSR) Hamwe mwoba mufise ibibazo canke ico mushikiriza, mwoshikira umwanditsi kuri [email protected].

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Icigwa ca1: Imfungurwa zihwanye n’ibigero vy’umwana: Hagati y’amezi 6 n’8

Ku mezi atandatu, umurezi (umuvyeyi) atangura gufungurira umwana umusururu inyuma yo kumwonsa.

o Ibifungurwa vya mbere biroroshe: Nta binure canke ibifungurwa vyondesha. Ni ukubicumba gushika vyorohe. Ibifungurwa vyoroshe vyorohera umwana kumira kandi bikaguma mu kanwa k’umwana.

o Ibifungurwa vya mbere bikozwe mw’ifu ya Tubaramure (CSB) n’amavuta. Umusururu ushobora kuba ukoze mu masaka, uburo, ibigori bicumvye n’amavuta.

Umuvyeyi azokwonsa umwana ijoro n’umurango igihe cose umwana yerekaniyeko ko ashonje, n’igihe cose imbere yo kumufungurira umusururu.

o Amaberebere niyo mfungurwa ntasubirizwa ku mwana ageze kuri ico gihe.

Mu ntango abavyeyi bazofungurira abana utuyiko dutatu tw’umusururu. Bazogenda bongereza iyo ngero y’imfungurwa munsi y’agace k’Agasabasaba (1/3)3.

o Iyo abana banse gufungura imfungurwa zimwe, abarezi (abavyeyi) basabwe kugerageza izindi no kubahimiriza gufungura.

o Kwongereza urugero rwo gufungura rw’umwana uko akayabagu kiwe kongerekana.

Uko umwana akura niko umuvyeyi azohindura ubwoko bw’imfungurwa agaburira ikibondo.

o Inyuma y’imisi ine umwana afungura umusururu gusa, umuvyeyi azokongerako izindi mfungurwa.

o Umuvyeyi azotegurira umwana umusururu ugwiza abasirikare mu maraso (urimwo ivyunyunyu vyitwa fer) n’umusururu ukomeza imitsi n’amagufa (urimwo proteine) n’uwugwiriyemwo ivyunyunyu bikingira indwara (ivyunyunyu vya vitamine A).

Umuvyeyi azotegerezwa kuba afise umwanya, ubumenyi n’insiguro bikwiye kugira ategure umusururu ugenewe ikibondo kiri hagati y’amzei 6 na 9 imisi yose ibihe bitatu ku munsi.

Ibikoresho:1. Ibitabo vyo kwandikamwo abitavye ibikorwa 2. Ibipapuro binini birimwo Ibicapo 3. Ibikombe bibiri vy’amazi* 3 Agasabasaba ni ingero ijamwo ama mililitiro 250 y’amazi canke hagati y’ama grama 100 n’120 y’ifu Tubaramure (CS).

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4. Imihanyu ibiri y’igitoke* 5. Igipfunsi c’ibifungurwa bikunjagurika nk’ibiyoba*

Mu ncamake: Agakino: Ururirimbo rwo mu gihe c’ugukaraba Ugushika no kwigizayoyo ibisamaza vyose Gutera inkuru no kubaza ibibazo bijanye n’ugufungurira abana Kwerekana ibicapo no gusabikanya inyigisho iri mu bicapo biri kuva ku

rupapuro 6 gushika kurwa 11: Ibifungurwa vya mbere ku mezi atandatu, Urugero n’ibiringo vyo gufungurira umwana, no kwongereza ubwoko bw’imfungurwa.

Ibikorwa: Umusururu Kwiyumvira intambamyi zishoboka Kubamenyesha umuti w’intambamyi Babiri babiri baragira umwimenyerezo bakongerea bakibukanya Gusaba ko bashiramwo umwete Gusuzuma umwete mu nyigisho yaheruka

1. Agakino: Ururirimbo rwo gukaraba-iminota 10

1. Gusubiramwo ururirimbo rwo gukaraba kuva ku nyigisho ya 4 y’igitabu ca 2.

R/ Gukaraba ni vyiza, Gukaraba n’inkinzoBikinga ingwara nyishi zituruka k’umwanda

Dukarabe n’isabuni n’amazi mezaTwongere twumutse ibiganza vyacu n’umuyaga gusa

Turagaruye inguvu, reka dutangure inyigisho zacu.

R/ Gukaraba ni vyiza, Gukaraba n’inkinzoBikinga ingwara nyishi zituruka k’umwanda

Mbega ni ryari twokaraba ?- Dukarabe tuvuye mukazu ka sugumwe- Dukarabe duhejeje gusukurira umwana- Dukarabe imbere yo gutegura imfungurwa- Dukarabe imbere yo gufungurira umwana- Dukarabe imbere yo gufungura

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2. Guhamagara amazina no gushikiriza inyishu z’ibibazo

1. Imboneza ikwiye kwandika ku mpapuro z’abitavye inama z’umupfasoni w’indongozi wese nk’uko vyerekanywe mu gakino k’akarorero ko mu cigwa ca kane (Igitabu 1).

2. Imboneza ikabaza ko hariho umupfasoni w’indongozi yoba yaragize ingorane mu nama yamuhuje n’abavyeyi. Imboneza ikaronderera hamwe n’abo bavyeyi umuti w’izo ngorane, ikabafasha gutora umuti w’ingorane bafise, kandi igasaba impanuro abandi bapfasoni b’indongozi bari ngaho.

3. Imboneza ikabaza abavyeyi bapfuye, abana bapfuye, canke imbanyi nshasha muri iyo migwi y’ababanyi. Imboneza ikandika ku rupapuro rwo guhamagarirako amazina ibintu bishasha vyoba vyarabonetse.

4. Imboneza igaheza igashimira abo bagore bose ku mwete berekana mu gikorwa kandi ikabahimiriza ngo bashishikare.

Mvuyekure aranka imfungurwa z’ubwa mbere (Igicapo ca 1.1) – iminota 10

3. Agakuru Soma agakuru kari ku rupapuro rwa 4 ku bicapo.

Barumwete yarakurikije impanuro ya Karorero aca atangura gufungurira umwana wiwe akoresheje amaberebere gusa. Mvuyekure yateye avyibuha. Ubu ashikanye amezi atandatu. Barumwete amuhereje umusururu munovu. Yaciye akorora yongera arawanka. Barumwete arasubira akamugerageza. Mvuyekure ntashaka kubifungura na gato.

4. Gutohoza Gusome ibibazo biri ku rupapuro rwa 4. Kubaza ikibazo ca mbere kugira wumve ivyo abavyeyi bibaza ku bituma

abana banka ibifungurwa.o Twiteze ko abavyeyi bazotanga inyishu nk’iyi: Mvuyekure

ntamenyereye kunywa umusururu. Barumwete ategerezwa kumuha agapimo gato k’umusururu rimwe canke kabiri ku munsi gushika aho Mvuyekure yemera gufungura ubundi bwoko bw’ibifungurwa.

o Umubiri w’umwana uriteguriye kwakira ibifungurwa yamara umuvyeyi ategerezwa kumuhimiriza kubifungura.

Kubaza ikibazo can kabiri kugira umenye ivyo abapfasoni bibaza ku gihe co gutangura kugaburira umwana.

o Igihe kibereye ni kuva ku mezi atandatu.

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o Mu Burundi, abavyeyi benshi batangura guha abana babo imfungurwa n’amazi imbere y’ico gihe bigaca bibatera ugucibwamwo n’ugufungura nabi.

Kubaza ikibazo ca nyuma wumve aho abapfasoni muri kumwe mu murwi batangurira gufungurira abana babo umusuru.

Himiriza ikiyago. Nturondere gukosora “inyishu zitari zo”. Reka umwe wese atange iciyumviro ciwe. Uru rupapuro ni ikiyago, si inyigisho.

Abari aho bamaze kwishura ku kibazo ca nyuma, uce wimukira ku rupapuro rukurikira rw’igitabo c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho. Vuga uti “Hinge tugereranye ivyiyumviro vyanyu n’ubutumwa buri kuri izi mpapuro zikurikira.”

? Ni kubera iki Mvuyekure adafungura?? Ni ikihe gihe kibereye kugira umuvyeyi ahe imfungurwa

umwana wiwe?? Ni ku kihe gihe mutangura guhereza umwana wanyu

umusururu?

Ibifungurwa vya mbere ku mezi atandatu (Igicapo ca 1.2) – iminota 5

5. Erekana: Saba abavyeyi kuvuga ivyo babona ku masanamu yo ku rupapuro rw’7

? Ni ibiki mubona muri aya masanamu?

6. Sigura: Shikiriza inyigisho nyamukuru ukoresheje impapuro za 6 na 7 z’igitabo

c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho. Koresha amungane ndondozi magufi yanditse aho kugira wiyibutse isanamu

ijana na buri ngingo. Ku mezi atandatu, fungurira umwana umusururu woroshe inyuma yo

kumwonsa.o Amaberebere ni yo imfungurwa ntasubirizwa.o Kwonsa igihe cose imbere yo kumugaburira.o Kwonsa igihe cose umwana yerekanye ibimenyetso vyo gusonza.

Gutegura umusururu hakoreshejwe ifu ya Tubaramure (CSB) n’amavuta.o Shiramwo amavuta inyuma yo guteka.o Amavuta adatetse ni meza gusumba ayatetse ku bana.

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o Umusururu ushobora no gukoreshwa ifu y’ibigori, amasaka canke uburo.

Umusururu woba usanzwe: utavuze cane canke ngo ngo ube ari nk’amazi.o Umusururu uvuze ushobora kuniga umwana.o Umusururu w’amazi cane wohava udafata mu kanwa k’umwana.o Umusururu ugereranye umwana awumira utamugoye.

? Mu gihe umwana yanse ubwoko bushasha bw’imfungurwa umuvyeyi yokora iki?

o Yosubira akagerageza bukeye.o Yokongeramwo amaberebere mu musururu.o Yomuhereza umusururu ukozwe mu bundi bwoko b’ifu.

Izindi nsiguro ku bashikiriza inyigishoIbijanye n’imfungurwa ziberanye n’ibigero vy’umwana mu Burundi Mu mwaka w’2000 icigwa cakozwe ku bijanye n’imfungurwa

nsanganyangaburo cerekanye ko ibice 46% gusa vy’abana aribo baronka ibifingurwa bigumagumye (canke umusururu) kuva ku mezi 6 gushika ku mezi 9.4

Urugero n’ibihe vy’ukugaburira umwana afise hagati y’amezi 6 n’8 (Igicapo 1.3) – iminota 5

7. Erekana: Saba abavyeyi basigure ivyo babona ku bicapo biri ku rupapuro rw’9.



c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho. Ukoreshe amungane ndondozi magufi yanditseko kugira ngo wiyibutse

isanamu ijana na buri ngingo.

4Ubushikiranganji bw’Imigambi ya Leta, Iterambere no Gusanura ivyasambutse, Ikigo gishinzwe ibiharuro n’ivyogwa vy’ubutunzi mu Burundi hamwe na UNICEF. Itohoza ry’igihu ryo gutohoza ku bijanye n’ubuzima bw’umwana n’umupfasoni mu Burundi (ENECEF-BURUNDI 2000)

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Kugaburira umwana umusururu incuro zitatu ku musi. Muhereze umusururu uri munsi y’igice c’Agasabasaba igihe cose umufungurira.

o Kumugaburira umusururu mu gatondo, ku murango, no kumugoroba.

o Ku ndwi ya mbere, mugaburire utuyiko dukeyi ku munsi.o Genda urongereza urugero ku musi ku musi ukurikije ingene

agenda agira akayabagu gushika aho umwana azoba ashobora gufungura hafi y’igice c’Agasabasaba.

Kugaburira abana mu bwitonzi n’ukwihangana.o Guhimiriza gufungura ariko ntimubategeke.o Kuririmba canke kubayagisha kugira umuhimirize gufungurao Gushira mu musururu amaberebere kugira bibaryohere.

Kwonsa igihe cose umwana ashonje haba ku murango canke mw’ijoro.o Kwonsa igihe cose umwana yerekanye ibimenyetso vy’uko

ashonje.o Igihe cose ni kubanza kwonsa umwana imbere yo kumufungurira.

? Mwibaza ko biva kuki kugira Karorero n’umushingantahe wiwe bakoreshe umwanya munini mu gihe bafungurira Biguvu?

o Barazi ko Biguvu ategerezwa gufungura kugira akure neza.o Badashishikaye, ntiyofungura bikwiye.o Umwana wabo ni akatabonabose. Bategerezwa gukora ibishoboka

vyose kugira akure.

Izindi nsiguro Gufungurira umwana ku nguvu Ntimuhatire umwana gufungura. Ibifungurwa vyohava bihusha inzira mu gihe

umwana yomira yongera arira. Iyo ibifungurwa biciye mu nzira itariyo bishobora kumugwaza mbere agashobora no gupfa.

Amaberebere n’amazi Abana bari hagati y’amezi 6 na 11 ntibakeneye kunwa amazi. Bahereze

amaberebere mu gihe banyotewe. Kiretse gusa iyo amazi asukuye neza, ahandi ho amazi ashobora kumutera indwara no gucibwamwo.

Kongereza ubwoko bw’imfungurwa z’umwana: Hagati y’amezi 6 n’8 (Igicapo ca 1.4) – iminota 5

9. Erekana: Saba abavyeyi bavuge ivyo babona ku bicapo biri ku rupapuro rw’11.

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? Ni ibiki mubona kuri aya masanamu?




Gahoro gahoro kwongereza ubundi bwoko bw’imfungurwa kuri wa musururu.o Inyuma y’imisi ine umuha umusururu gusa, tangura kumuha

ikindi gifungurwa.o Kumugaburira ico kindi gimfungurwa ku kiringo kingana n’imisi

ine.o Kwongereza ubundi bwoko bw’imfungurwa kuri wa musururu

kandi.

Umusururu ukozwe mu bwishaza canke intengwa (ubusharuzo) hamwe n’amavuta birakomeza amaraso y’umwana.

o Ifu ya Tubaramure (CSB) n’ubushaza birimwo ivyunyunyu (fer) bikwiye.

o Amavuta atuma abana bagira inguvu.

Umusururu w’ifi zumye, ibiyoba n’amavuta birafasha umwana kugira imitsi n’amagufa bikomeye.

o Ifu ya Tubaramure (CSB), ifi n’ibiyoba birimwo protein ikwiye.o Amavuta nayo atuma umwana agira inguvu.

Umusururu w’umwungu useye, ikaroti be n’amavuta bikingira umwana kurwaragurika.

o Ifu ya Tubaramure (CSB), umwungu na karoti birimwo vitamine A ikwiye.

o Amavuta atuma abana bagira inguvu.

Izindi nsiguro ku bashikiriza inyigishoIgikuriro c’umwana Uko umwana akura niko amaraso, imitsi n’amagufa vy’umubiri wiwe bikura

bigakomera. Ivyunyunyu vya fer birakenewe kugira umwana agire amaraso

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arimwo ibikwiye.5 Ibifungurwa bikomeza umubiri birakenewe kugirango amagufa n’imitsi vy’umwana bikure kandi bikomere.6

Ntabwo tubasavye gufungurira abana inyama zitukura ku bana batarashikana umwaka kubera ko zene izo nyama ziba zikomeye, zigumye. Yamara ifi bazikuyemwo amagufa zishobora kworohera abana gufungura.

Uguhura Abana bamwe bamwe bishobora gushika bakama uduherehere canke mbere

bakagira ingorane mu mushishito iyo bafunguye ibifungurwa ibi canke biriya. Mu gihe umwana bagiye barongereza ubwoko bw’imfungurwa igihe cose inyumay’indwi abavyeyi bashobora kwizera ko umwana wabo adashobora kugira bene izo ngorane.

Iyo bishitse umwana agahura imfungurwa ku buryo budatahuritse, hagarika kubandanya umuha izo mfungurwa. Gerageza ubundi bwoko. Mwirinde kumuha imfungurwa zitamumerera neza.

Ibitigiri ngenderwako – Imfungurwa zihwanye n’ibigero vy’umwana Mu masaha 24 imbere y’itohoza, dusanga abana bafise hagati y’amezi 6 na

24 bakunda kunywa amazi ku bice 83% hagakurikira amaberebere ku bice 77% ufatiye hamwe amaprovensi abiri yabereyemwo amatohoza.

Muri ayo maprovensi ibifungurwa nyamukuru abavyeyi bagarutseko cane ni ibi :

o Umunyu (74%) o Imboga, amababi y’icatsi gitoto (68%) o Ibifungurwa bikoze mu biharage, ubushaza, intengwa, ibiyoba, etc.,

(59%)o Ibifungurwa ivyo ari vyo vyose birimwo amamesa canke amavuta

y’ibiyoba, (40%) o Ibijumbu, imyumbati n’ibindi bifungurwa vy’imizi (38%) o Imavuta, ibinure, amavuta ayo ari yo yose akozwe muri ivyo

bifungurwa tuvuze (34%) o Ivyamwa n’imboga (32%) o Umukate, umuceri n’ibindi bifunurwa vy’intete (26%)

11. Igikorwa: Ugufungurira umwana – iminota 15

Egeranya ibintu bikurikira imbere yo gutangura:

5Children need 11 mg of iron each day. The iron content per 100 grams is listed for the following foods: petit pois (18 mg), poiscajun (15 mg), feuilles de haricot (9 mg), haricot (8 mg).6 Children under 12 months of age need 14 mg of protein each day. Protein (body building) content per 100 g: soja (34 grams) arachide (23 grams) petit pois (22 grams), haricot (22 grams), poiscajun (20 g) andpoissonfrais (18 mg). Eggs are not included as a child would need to eat more than one each day to receive enough protein.

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Igikombe kimwe canke bibiri vy’amazi Ibifungurwa bigumye (ifi zibiri z’umye) Imyando nk’ibiri y’ibifungurwa bikunjagurika (ibiyoba)

Sigura: Kugira dutegere akamaro k’umusururu utavuze cane (utavuze kandi utameze nk’amazi) tugire imymenyerezo mikeyi7

Ugare iminwa1. Tora abantu babiri bavyipfuza. 2. Bwira umwe umwe wese muri bo:Shira amazi makeyi mu kanwa. NTIWUGARE

UMUNWA . Gerageza umire ayo mazi .

? Haba iki iyo ugerageje kumira amazi?

3. Sigura: Ku mezi atandatu, abana bafise ingorane zo kugara umunwa.Ibintu bimeze nk’amazi vyose bica bitemba biva mu kanwa. Umusururu utavuze kandi ntube amazi, uraheza ukaguma mu kanwa n’aho umunwa uba utugaye neza. Umusururu w’amazi wo nturagama mu kanwa kuko uca utemba uvayo.

Ugukoresha ururimi4. Tora abandi bantu babiri bavyishakiye. 5. Hereza umwe umwe wese akamanyu k’ifi yumye.6. Bwira umwe wese uti: Fungura ariko udakoresheje ururimi rwawe! Mu

guhindukiza canke mbere no kumira imfungurwa ntukoreshe ururimi.

? Wagize ingorane izihe mu gihe wafungura ifi? Biva kuki?

7. Sigura:Ku mezi atandatu, abana ntibazi ingene bakoresha ururimi mu gufungura. Ntibiborohera guhindukiza imfungurwa ziri mu kanwa canke ngo bazisunike mu kuzimira. Umusururu ugereranye uratemba wonyene mu muhogo w’umwana.

N’aho abana bakoresha ururimi mu gukwega amaberebere, ururimi ruraduga rukamanuka ariko ntirwigera rwinyiganza ruva ku ruhande uru ruja ku rundi canke ngo ruve imbere ruja iyuma canke imbere n’inyuma.

Uguhekenya 8. Tora abandi bantu babiri bavyishakiye.9. Hereza umwe umwe wese ibiyoba bikeyi. 10.Bwira umwe wese uti: Gerageza urye, umunwa wonyene niwo urekuriwe

kunyiganyiga ariko amenyo ntahekenye canke ngo umunwa unyiganyige uva ku ruhande uja ku rundi.

? Vyari bimeze bite aho wafungura ibiyoba? Ni kubera iki?

7 Iyi myimenyerezo yateguwe na Freedom from Hunger’s Infant and Child Feeding: Helping Young Children to Eat and Grow WellFacilitator’s Guide (2003).

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11.Sigura: Abana bari hagati y’amezi 6 n’8 ntibazi kunyiganza nzeza umunwa wabo. Bica rero bibagora guhekenya imfungurwa. Umusururu uwo ariwo wose woba ugereranye utavuze canke ngo ube amazi urimwo ibifungura biseye neza kugira umwaba awumire atarinze guhekenya.

12. Gucaca – iminota 10

? None ibi vyiyumviro muvyiyumvirako iki? Mbega hoba hariho ibintu vyoshobora kukubuza gukurikiza ingendo duhejeje kuyagako uyu musi?

Saba abo bavyeyi bayagishe umugore yicaye i ruhande yabo. Ni bavugane nawe amakenga yabo yose boba bafise ku cigwa. Bari hamwe bakwiye kugerageza gutora umuti w’ayo makenga n’izo ngorane. Imitota itanu iheze, uce usaba Abavyeyi Tubaramure bashikirize ivyo bayazeko.

13. Gutomora – iminota 5

Bafashe kuronka umuti w’amadidane yabo. Ni haba hari umugore yishuye neza impungenge z’uwundi mugore, ni umushimire kandi uhimirize abandi bagore ngo bazirikane umuti yashikirije.

Intambamyi zishoboka: Nta mwanya wo gushobora guteka gatatu ku munsi.

o Iyo umuvyeyi ashobora gukinjikira umwana wiwe ibifungurwa vy’ifu ya tubaramure kabiri ku munsi, yoshobora no kumutegurira umusururu. Ibifungurwa vya CSB biranyaruka gutegura kandi ntibisaba umwanya munini.

Abakenyezi bashobora kutaba bafise amafaranga kugira bongere muri wa musururu imfungurwa nka zitatu canke zine.

o Mu gihe ata mikoro ngo bongeremwo imfungurwa nka zitatu, bashishikarize kwongeramwa na zibiri hoho. Bidashoboka imwe yoba ihagije.

o Bashishikarize kugira intambwe ntonto kugira bashike kuri iyi ntumbero. N’aho batoshobora kugera aho bongeramwo imfungurwa zitatu canke zirenga, bazobona ko bifasha umwana gukura neza busumba ubwa mbere.

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14. Kwimenyereza no kumenyereza ─ iminota 20

1. Saba abavyeyi Tubaramure gushikiriza abandi inyigisho baronkejwe uyu musi bakoresheje impapuro zibiri za mbere z’iki cigwa zo mu gitabo c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho. Bakwiye kubwira uwundi mugore ari mu mugwi Tubaramure bakoresheje bwa buhinga bwo kwigisha.

2. Bwira abo bavyeyi bari muri Tubaramure bumviriza izo nyigisho ko borondera ikintu batemera mu vyo bigishijwe; imvo imwe ituma babona ko iyo nyigisho yoba igoye kuri bo.

3. Abo bavyeyi Tubaramure bashikiriza izo nyigisho bakwiye kugerageza gufasha abo bagore gutsinda izo ntambamyi.

4. Iminota cumi iheze, usabe abo bagore kuguza ibibanza. Uwo wundi muvyeyi wa Tubaramure nawe azoca atanga inyigisho ziri mu mpapuro zibiri z’iki cigwa zikurikira zo mu gitabo c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho.

5. Imboneza ikwiye kwumviriza, igakosora, kandi igafasha abavyeyi ba Tubaramure vyagoye.

6. Bose bahejeje, ace yishura ibibazo abo bavyeyi boba bafise ku bijanye n’ibikoresho, canke n’icigwa c’uyu musi.

15. Kwiyemeza ─ iminota 2

? Mbega uragomba gufata ingingo ijanye n’inyigisho vumvise uyu musi? None icemezo cawe ni ikihe?Saba umuvyeyi wese avuge mu majambo yikuriye mu kanwa icemezo gishasha agiye gufata uyu musi. Umuvyeyi wese arashobora kwihitiramwo icemezo abona ko gihambaye gusumba ibindi kuri we.

Akarorero: Umwana wanje w’amezi atandatu nzomuha umusururu gatatu ku munsi. Umwana wanje w’amezi indwi nzokwama mbanza kumwonsa imbere yo

kumufungurira. Kugira umwana wanje w’amezi atandatu agire amagufa n’imitsi bikomeye

nzomufungurira umusururu.

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16. Gusuzuma─ iminota 15

Baza umwe umwe wese mu ba vyeyi ivyo biyemeje kugirira abana.

? Ni ibihe wiyemeje kugirira umwana ku nyigisho yaheze? Wagumye ushingiye kuri ico nyene?

? Gute– Waranguye iki?o Hoba hari umuntu (umushingantahe wawe, nyogokuru canke abana)

bakubereye intambamyi canke ngo bakubuze kurangura ico wiyemeje? Tubwire uko vyagenze?

o Ni ibihe bintu mu buzima (abantu, ibishika canke ibikorwa vya misi yose) vyatumye udashobora kurangura ivyo wari wiyemeje?

o Wabigenjeje gute ngo utsinde izo ntambamyi?

Ubwa nyma, baza umuvyeyi wese ingene yakoze mu ndwi zibiri zaheze:

Mu ndwi zibiri ziheze, umwana wawe yoba yarashushe? Woba wagize iki kugira witeho ikibondo cawe? (Canke wokora iki mu gihe

umwana wawe yoshuha? Ni uwuhe muti w’akamaro ku nyonko?)

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Icigwa ca 2: Ingaburo y’umwana: Hagati y’amezi 9 na 11

Abavyeyi bazokonsa abana babo bari hagati y’amezi 9 na 11 ijoro n’umurango igihe cose berekanye ikimenyetso c’uko bashonje.

Bahejeje kwonsa, abavyeyi bazobafungurira bakoresheje igice c’Agasabasaba (250 ml) incuro zine ku munsi.

Abavyeyi bazobagaburira imfungurwa zimanyuye mu duce dutoduto, izisekuye canke ziseye neza zorohera umwana kuzitoresha intoke no kuzifungura.

Abavyeyi bazotegurira abana udufungurwa tworoshe kugira bunganire ingaburo y’umusururu.

o Kubafungurira utwo dufungurwa kenshi gashoboka na canecane nk’utwamwa bagize uduce dutoduto, canke badusekuye neza (inyanya, imyembe, amapera, ibipapaye, imihwi, amatunda, inanasi, imicungwe, amavoka…).

o Kubafungurira imfungurwa z’akazuyazi nk’amagi (umurete), ibiraya, ikaroti, n’imyungu.

o Kubaha imfungurwa ziteguye nk’amata avuye mu vyamwa (Yoghurt canke umukate).

Umuvyeyi yonsa azofungura ubwoko bw’ibifungurwa buvanze harimwo ibiharage, inyama (nk’urwagasha canke amahaha), ikinzari, umuceri munini, amavuta y’amamesa atukura, ibiyoba, intete ziseye, ifi n’amagi8

Abavyeyi bazotegerezwa gufata ku mutwe no kuririmba ka karirimbo ko gufungurira umwana igihe cose umwana azoba ariko arafungurirwa (kugira bimumenyeshe igikorwa bariko baramugirira).9

Abavyeyi bategerezwa kumenya ko umwana adafunguye akurikije ibihe neza azorwara indwara zo gufungura nabi kandi agashobora no gupfa (Indwara zirashobora kumukarira cane). 10

Ibikoresho:1. Ibitabo vyo kwandikamwo abitavye ibikorwa 2. Ibipapuro binini vyo gufasha uwuremesha ivyigwa

Incamake: Urukino: Gutegura umusururu ngirakamaro 8Foods selected are based on findings of the Local Determinants of Malnutrition Study. Breastfeeding women who ate foods these foods had healthier children compared to mothers who did not eat these foods. For more information, see http://www.slideshare.net/jehill3/local-determinants-of-malnutrition-an-expanded-positive-deviance-study.9Cues for action and perceived severity are behavioral determinants in barrier analysis found to be significant for increasing feeding frequency. Use the song to help remind mothers of the importance of feeding children the appropriate number of times. Remind mother that children who are not fed frequently will suffer from malnutrition and death. For more information, review “La Structure du Changement de Comportement : Feeding Frequency (Burundi) and www.barrieranalysis.com.

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http://www.barrieranalysis.com/

Ukwitaba ibikorwa be no kwirinda ibisamaza Gusangira amakuru be no kubaza uko inyifato imeze muri kino gihe: Niba

Mvuyekure agishonje Kwerekana amashusho no kuganira ku nyigisho iri mu bicapo biri kuva ku

rupapuro rwa 14 gushika kurwa 19: Imfungurwa zunganira izindi, urupimo rwazo, ibihe vyo kugaburira abana.

Igikorwa: Ururirimbo rwo kugaburira umwana Kuraba ivyoba intambamyi Kumenyesha inyishu kuri izo ntambamyi Gusubiramwo no kwigishanya mu mugwi wa babiri babiriri Gusaba ko hoba kuvyitwararika cane Kwiheza neza ko koko bavyitayeho wishimikije inyigisho yaheruka

1. Agakino: Gutegura umusururu-iminota 10

1. Bisaba cane gufata ku mutwe. Abavyeyi bategerezwa gutega amatwi no kugerageza kwibuka ivyo abandi bavyeyi bavuze ibere yabo.

2. Kubasaba kwicara canke guhaguruka mu muzingi barikumwe n’umuremeshakiyago wabo.

3. Umuremeshakiyago atangura avuga ati, “Ndiko ndategura umusururu, ngira nongeremwo …. (ashiramwo ikiyiko c’imfungurwa umwana akeneye kandi ashobora gufungura)»

4. Nta nyinshu itariyo ibaho muri uyu mukino. Abavyeyi bashobora gushiramwo imfungurwa iyo ari yo yose bifuza.

5. Nk’akarorero, « Ndiko ndategura umusururu, ngira nongeremwo ibiyoba bisekuye.”

6. Umuvyeyi ari ku ruhande rw’uburyo rw’umuremeshakiyago asubiramwo iryo ryungane agaheza akongeramwo ca kiyiko c’ibifungurwa. Akarorero, « Ndiko ndategura umusururu, ngira nongeremwo ibiyoba bisekuye n’ikiyiko c’amavuta.”

7. Kubandaniriza ku bandi bavyeyi bari ku muzingi mu gikorwa co kwongera imfungurwa muri wa musururu.

8. Kubandanya incuro nyinshi kuri wa muzingi gushika aho bose bafatwa n’agatwengo.

Ubu rero reka dutangure inyigisho.

2. Guhamagara Amazina no Gushikiriza Umuti w’Ibibazo

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1. Imboneza ikwiye kwandika ku mpapuro z’abitavye inama z’umupfasoni arongora abandi wese nk’uko vyerekanywe mu gakino k’akarorero ko mu cigwa ca kane (Igitabu ca 1).

2. Imboneza ikabaza ko hariho umupfasoni arongora abandi yoba yaragize ingorane mu nama yamuhuje n’abavyeyi. Imboneza ikaronderera hamwe n’abo bavyeyi umuti w’izo ngorane, akabafasha gutora umuti w’ingorane bafise, kandi agasaba impanuro abandi bapfasoni barongora abandi bari ngaho.

3. Imboneza ikabaza abavyeyi bapfuye,abana bapfuye, canke imbanyi nshasha muri iyo migwi y’ababanyi. Imboneza ikandika ku rupapuro rwo guhamagarirako amazina ibintu bishasha vyoba vyarabonetse.

4. Imboneza igaheza agashimira abo bagore bose ku mwete berekana mu gikorwa kandi akabahimiriza ngo bashishikare.

Mvuyekure aguma ashonje (Igicapo 2.1) – iminota 10

3. Inkuru Soma ako gakuru ko ku rupapuro rwa 12.

Ubu Mvuyekure ashikanye amezi 9. Barumwete ategurira umusururu Mvuyekure incuro zitatu ku munsi. Yamara n’aho biri uko, yama afise inzara hagati y’ivyo bihe vyo kuwumugaburira. Barumwete yaruhishijwe no kwama akinjika umusururu. Nta mwanya ukwiye afise wo guteka incuro zitanu ku munsi. Umugabo wiwe amubaza “Ni kubera iki utagaburira Mvuyekure? Inzara irakurembeje muhungu wanje”).

4. Gutohoza Gusoma ibibazo biri ku rupapuro rwa 12 rw’igitabo kinini. Kubaza ikibazo ca mbere kugirango umenye ico abavyeyi bibaza ku gituma

umwana aguma ashonje.o Twibaza ko abri mu nyigisho batanga inyishu nk’izi: Akenshi

Barumwete ntafungurira Mvuyekure uko bikwiye. Atera akura kandi agca akenera gufungurirwa incuro zine ku munsi.

Kubaza ikibazo ca kabiri kugira abavyeyi batange intererano ku kungene twotorera inyishu ingorane ya Barumwete.

o Mvuyekure yomufungurira ivyamwa vy’amavoka canke umutsima w’imyumbati mu gihe yerekanye ko ashonje igihe co kumufungurir kitaragera.

o Yoraba ko hari ubwoko bw’imfungurwa budasaba guteka akaba aribwo amuhereza igihe cose ashonje.

Kubaza ikibazo ca nyuma kugira umenye uko abavyeyi basanzwe bafungurira abana babo bashikanye hagati y’amezi 9 na 11.

o Kuva ku mezi 9 gushika ku mezi 11, abavyeyi bategerezwa gufungurira abana babo ibiringo bine ku munsi, bakoresheje agace k’Agasabasaba igihe cose babafungurira.


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Abari aho bamaze kwishura ku kibazo ca nyuma, uce wimukira ku rupapuro rukurikira rw’igitabo c’amasanamu, uvuge uti “Hinge tugereranye ivyiyumviro vyanyu n’inyigisho iri muri izi mpapuro zikurikira.”

? Ni kubera iki Mvuyekure adahaga?? Barumwete yogira gute ngo afungurire umwana wiwe

bikwiye atarinze guteka imisi yose?? Umwana wawe afise hagati y’amezi 9 na 11 umufungurira

kangahe ku munsi?

Imfungurwa ziberanye n’ibigero vy’umwana ari hagati y’amezi 9 na 11 (igicapo ca 2.2) – iminota 5

5. Erekana: Gusaba abavyeyi ngo bavuge ivyo babona ku bicapo biri ku rupapuro rwa 15.





Kwonsa umwana umwanya uwo ariwo wose mu gihe cose yerekanye ibimenyetso vy’uko ashonje. Kumuha imfungurwa inyuma yo kumwonsa.

o Amaberebere niyo mfungurwa ntasubirizwa mu ngaburo y’umwana.

o Amaberebere y’umuvyeyi ni yo meza gusumba amata y’ibindi bikoko canke amazi.

o Kubandanya kumwonsa kugeza ku myaka ibiri mbere n’iyirenga.o Igihe cose kwitwararika kumwonsa imbere yo kumugaburira.

Ku mezi icenda, kumuha infungurwa zimanyuye mu duce dutoduto canke

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ziseye. Kumuha ivyo ashobora gufungurisha intoke ziwe.o Imfungurwa zigumagumye zimwigisha guhekenya.o Utumany-manyu tw’ifungurwa twoba dutoduto cane kugira

ntibihagame mu muhogo.o Gushishikarira umwana kwiha imfungurwa n’intoke ziwe.o Ivyo bibafasha gukomeza intoke zabo.

? Mbega wodondora neza ubwoko bw’imfungurwa wagaburiye umwana wawe afise hagati y’amezi 9 na 11 ejo haheze?

? Mu bifungurwa ashobora kwakiriza intoke, ejo haheze woba wahaye umwana wawe afise hagati y’amezi 9 na 11 ubuhe bwoko?

Igipimo n’ibihe vyo gufungurira umwana: hagati y’amezi 9 na 11 (Igicapo ca 2.3) – iminota 5

7. Erekana: Gusaba abavyeyi ngo basigure ivyo babona ku bicapo biri ku rupapuro rwa

17.





Ku bana bafise hagati y’amezi 9 na 11, bafungurire incuro zine ku munsi.o Kumugungurira mugatondo ka kare, sa sita, inyuma ya saha

sita no ku mugoroba.o Kumufungurira umusururu uvuze n’ibifungurwa bagize uduce

dutoduto.o Kumuha udufungurwa n’utwo anywa two kumunezereza nka

rimwe canke kabiri ku munsi.

Kumugaburira agace k’Agasabasaba igihe cose afungura.

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o Uzoheza wibonere urupimo rw’ivyo umwana wawe ashobora gufungura.

o Ongereza urupimo rw’imfungurwa ukurikije n’inzara afise.o Inzara idaheze, mwongere ibindi bifungurwa.

Abana badafunguriwe incuro zine ku munsi bashobora kurwara indwara ziva ku gufungura nabi.

o Uyu mushingantahe afungurira ikibondo ciwe kabir ku munsi.o Umwana ashilanye imyaka ibiri ariko aguma agwaragurika.o Yafunguriwe nabi none nta tuguvu namba afise iyo ariko

aratambuka.? Karorero afungurira Biguvu ibihe vyinshi ku munsi. Ni kubera iki abigira

artyo?o Yifuza gukingira Biguvu indwara ziva ku gufungura nabi.o Ariko ategurira Biguvu gukomera no kuramba.o Ategerezwa rero kumufungurira kenshi kugira akure neza mu

gihagararo no mu bukomezi.

Izindi nsiguro ku bigisha abandiUkwonsa Amaberebere arimwo igice kirenga c’imfungurwa ntanganguvu umwana

akeneye mu gihe ashikanye hagati y’amezi 6 n’umwaka. Imbere y’igice ca mbere c’ubuzima bw’umwana, amaberebere niyo mfungurwa ntasubirizwa ku mwana.

Abana bonka iminsi yose ntibagwaragurika nk’abatonkejwe bikwiye, niyo bishitse bagwara umwanya muto kandi ntibahuta guhitanwa n’indwara z’abana.10

Abana bonka ibihe bikeyi iyo bagaburirwa ubundi bwoko bw’ibifungurwa. Abapfasoni barakeneye kwonsa kenshi n’igihe cose imbere yo gufungurira umwana ashitse muri ivyo bigero kugira bamutegurire kugira amagara meza.

Utwuzango ku bana bafise hagati y’amezi 9 na 11 (Igicapo ca 2.4) – iminota 5

9. Erekana: Gusaba abavyeyi ngo basigure ivyo babona ku bicapo biri ku rupapuro rwa 19

mu gitabo ndemeshanyigisho.

10Infant and Young Child Feeding: Model Chapter for Textbooks for Medical Students and Allied Health Professionals. World Health Organization: 2009. Page 20.

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? Ni ibiki mubona kuri aya masanamu?




Gufungurira umwana ibifungurwa bidahinguye nk’inyanya, imyembe, amapera, ipapayi, imihwi, amabungo, inanasi, imicungwe, n’amavoka.

o Ibifungurwa bitarinda guca gutekwa biroroshe gutegurira abana.o Birakenewe kuvyitwaza igihe cose muri ku rugendo canke mutari I

muhira. Kumufungurira ibifungurwa biribwa bitetse nk’umusururu, amagi, ibiraya,

ikariti, n’imyungu.o Guteka imfungurwa z’umwana imisi yose mu gitondo.o Kuzimugaburira bitarenze uwo munsi nyene.

Kumufungurira ibindi bisanzwe bihinguye nk’amata y’ivyamwa canke umukate.

? Ni utuhe dufungurwa twuzangwa uzoha umwana wawe muri iyi ndwi?

11. Igikorwa: Ururirimbo rwo gufungurira umwana– iminota 15

1. Gusubiramwo ururirimbo rwo gufungurira umwana gushika aho abavyeyi barumenya ku mutwe.

2. Gusigura: Ntitwifuza kwibagira ikintu na kimwe mu vyo twamaze kwigishwa ku bijanye no gufungurira umwana. Umuntu wese aba mu muryango ategerezwa kwiga urwo ruririmbo kugira mufashanye gutegura no gufungurira umwana neza.

Akarorero k’ururirimbo:

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Ku mezi atandatu, gufungurira imwana umusururu woroshe kugira akure mu gihagararo kandi akomere.Kuyihwanya nezal, ikaba itavuze canke ngo ibe amazi cane, kuyimuha gatatu ku munsi.Icitabirizo: Ntiwibagire kumwonsa.Kumwonsa kenshi ku munsi. Ntiwibagire kumwonsa. Kumwonsa kenshi ku munsi.

Ku mezi icenda, mugaburire imfungurwa zamunyuwe mu duce dutoduto kgira agire igikuriro kandi akomere.Bimanyure ubigire uduce dutoduto ubimuhereze kane ku munsi.Icitabirizo: Ntiwibagire kumwonsa.Kumwonsa kenshi ku munsi. Ntiwibagire kumwonsa. Kumwonsa kenshi ku munsiKu mezi 12, mufungurire imfungurwa musanzwe mufungura mu muryango kugira agire igikuriro kandi akomere.Bimanyure ubigire uduce dutoduto ubimuhereze gatanu ku munsi.Icitabirizo: Ntiwibagire kumwonsa.Kumwonsa kenshi ku munsi. Ntiwibagire kumwonsa. Kumwonsa kenshi ku munsi.

12. Gucaca: iminota 10




Bafashe kutora inyishu ku madidane yabo. Ni haba hari umugore yishuye neza impungenge z’uwundi mugore, ni umushimire kandi uhimirize abandi bagore ngo bazirikane inyishu yashikirije.

Ingorane zishobora gushika:

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Nta mafranga mfise kugira ndamutegurire utwo dufungurwa two kumunezereza.

o Muri ico gihe muhereze ivyamwa canke imfungurwa zitetse nk’ikiraya n’imyungu.

o Himiriza abavyeyi kugura imbuto z’ivyamwa canke z’imboga (nk’imyungu) bongere bazitere hafi y’imuhira.


1. Saba Abavyeyi Tubaramure gushikiriza abandi inyigisho baronkejwe uyu musi bakoresheje impapuro zibiri za mbere z’iki cigwa zo mu Gitabo c’Amasanamu Mfashanyigisho. Bakwiye kubwira uwundi mugore ari mu Mugwi Tubaramure bakoresheje bwa buhinga bwo kwigisha.

2. Bwira abo Bavyeyi Tubaramure bumviriza izo nyigisho ko borondera ikintu batemera mu vyo bigishijwe; imvo imwe ituma babona ko iyo nyigisho yoba igoye kuri bo.

3. Abo Bavyeyi Tubaramure bashikiriza izo nyigisho bakwiye kugerageza gufasha abo bagore gutsinda izo ntambamyi.

4. Iminota cumi iheze, usabe abo bagore kuguza ibibanza. Uwo wundi Muvyeyi Tubaramure nawe azoca atanga inyigisho ziri mu mpapuro zibiri z’iki cigwa zikurikira zo mu Gitabo c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho.

5. Umu Promoteri akwiye kwumviriza, agakosora, kandi agafasha Abavyeyi Tubaramure vyagoye.



? Mbega uragomba gufata ingingo ijanye n’inyigisho vumvise uyu musi? None icemezo cawe ni ikihe?

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Saba umuvyeyi wese avuge mu majambo yikuriye mu kanwa icemezo gishasha agiye gufata uyu musi. Umuvyeyi wese arashobora kwihitiramwo icemezo abona ko gihambaye gusumba ibindi kuri we.

Nk’akarorero: Imisi yose umwana wanje afise hagati y’amezi 9 na 11 nzomuhereza

udufungurwa two kumunezereza (snacks). Nzomugaburira igihe cose anyeretse ko ashonje. Imisi yose nzokwama nonsa umwana wanje afise hagati y’amezi 6 na 11

imbere yo kumugaburira. Nzomuhereza imfungurwa ashobora kurisha intoke.


Baza umuvyeyi umwe umwe ivyerekeye imigambi bigiriye.

? Ku cigwa caheruka, wari wafashe ikihe cemezo? Washoboye gushika ku ngingo wari wigiriye?

? Gute? Ni ibihe bikorwa waranguye?o Hoba hari umuntu (umushingantahe wawe, nyogokurur canke

umwana) atakorohereje canke yakubujije gukurikiza ingingo wigiriye?o Ni zihe ntambamyi (abantu, ibishika mu buzima, canke ibikorwa)

zashikiye ubuzima bwawe zatumye ingingo wifatiye zidashoboka?o Hari ico washoboye kugira ngo utorere inyishu izo ngorane?

Mu guheraheza, saba umuvyeyi umwe umwe wese ivyerekeye ivyo yakoze mu ndwi zibiri ziheze:Babaye bafise umwana afise hagati y’amezi 6 n’9: Umwana wawe wamufunguriye iki muri izi ndwi zibiri ziheze? (canke mu gihe

badafise umwana ageze muri ivyo bigero, mwomuha iki?) Ni ryari wonsa umwana wawe? (canke yotegerejwe konswa incuro zingahe?) Umwana wawe umufungurira kangahe ku munsi? (canke umuvyeyi

yotegerejwe kugaburira umwana wiwe w’amezi 6 n’9 ku munsi?)

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Icigwa ca 3: Ugufungurira umwana afise hagati y’amezi 12 na 23

Ku mezi 12, umuvyeyi azofungurira umwana hafi y’akarahuri kose k’Agasabasaba (kuri 3/4) ibihe bitanu ku munsi.

o Abavyeyi bazogaburira abana babo ivyo basanzwe bafungura mu muryango n’utudi tundi dufungurwa.

o Abavyeyi bazokongereza igipimo c’ivyo bafungurira abana babo bakurikije ingene abana bagenda bagira akayabagu, gushika ku karahuri k’Agasabasaba kuzuye uko umwana akura.

Kubandanya kumwonsa igihe conse ashakiye amaberebere iyindi myaka ibiri canke n’iyirenga. Amaberebere abandanya gukingira umwana indwara nyinshi igihe cose abandanije yonka neza.

Abavyeyi bazomanyura izo mfungurwa canke bazisye kugira ziborohere kumira. Inyama bazozikebagura mu duce dutoduto. AMagufa y’ifi n’ibisato bigumye bazobivanako kugira ntibihave bibabaza umwana.

Abavyeyi bazofungurira abana imyumbati, inyama z’urwagasha canke igitigu n’umunyu kugira bakure kandi bakomere.

o Kwongeramwo udutete tw’umunyu mu mfungurwa umuryango usanzwe ufungura. Umunyu urimwo ubintu bifasha ubwonko bw’mwana gukura no kubafasha kuzotegera neza ivyigwa hageze kobaja mw’ishure.

o Abavyeyi bafunguriye abana imyumbati n’inyama z’urwagasha n’ igitigu basanze abana babo bafise amagara meza gusumba abatigeze baronka ivyo bifungurwa.11

Abavyeyi bazotegerezwa kumenya ko umwana wabo ashobora kugwara indwara zitegwa no gufungura nabi nibatabafungurira kane canke mbere gatanu ku munsi (Bitera biba nk’aho bimera uko). 12

Ibikoresho:1. Ibitabo vyo kwandikamwo abitavye ibikorwa 2. Igitabo kirimwo amasanamu yo kwigishirizako 3. Akarahuri k’Agasabasaba*4. Akadobo gatoyi canke inkono yo guteka*

11Foods selected are based on findings of the Local Determinants of Malnutrition Study. Mothers who offered these foods to their child had healthier children compared to mothers who did not offer these foods. For more information, see http://www.slideshare.net/jehill3/local-determinants-of-malnutrition-an-expanded-positive-deviance-study.12Perceived severity is a behavioral determinant in barrier analysis found to be significant for increasing feeding frequency. Use this lesson and discussion questions to increase the understanding of the severity of not feeding children 12-23 months five times each day. For more information, review “La Structure du Changement de Comportement: Feeding Frequency (Burundi) and www.barrieranalysis.com.

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http://www.barrieranalysis.com/

5. Ivu (ibikombe bine vy’ivu)*

Incamake Agakino: Ururirimbo rw’ibimenyetso vy’indwara Ukwitaba ibikorwa no kwirinda ibisamaza Gutera inkuru no kubaza ibijanye n’inyifato bateyeko Kwerekana ibicapo no gusabikanya inyigisho nyamukuru iri mu bicapo vyo ku

kuva ku rupapuro rwa 22 gushika kuri 27: Ukubandanya kwonsa, urugero n’ibihe vyo gufungurira umwana, imfungurwa zituma umwana akura neza kandi akomeye

Igikorwa: Umushishito w’umwana Kuraba intambamyi zishobora gushika Kubamenyesha inyishu ku ntambamyi mu gihe zishitse Kwimenyereza no kwigishanya mu mirwi ya babiri babiri Gusaba ko habamwo umwete Gusuzuma umwete mu nyigisho zaheruka

1. Agakino: Ururirimbo rw’ibimenyetso vy’indwara - iminota 10

1. Gusubiramwo ururirimbo rw’ibimenyetso vy’indwara ruri mu gitabu ca 3, inyigisho ya 4.

Ndibaza ko inguvu zigarutse, none reka dutangure inyigisho y’uno munsi.

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Mwana wanje yafashwe n’ubushuhe, Malariya yaciye kuturamutsa.Namushizeko ikintu gikanyisha munzira yerekeza kwa muganga,Malariya dukwiye kuyigwanya.Namutanguje umuti uwo musi nyene,Imisi itatu yayimaze afata Amodiyakine na aritezinate,Malariya dukwiye kuyigwanya.Uyu musi nongeyeko uwundi mwanya wo kumwonsa no kumugaburira,Malariya dukwiye kuyigwanyaAmaze gukira namaze imisi ibiri (2) nongeyeko uwundi mwanya

wokumwonsano kumugaburiraNone ubu umwana wanje aryama mu musegetera urimwo umuti,Malariya ntiyongeye kugaruka, none ubu umwana wanje ni muzima


1. Imboneza ikwiye kwandika ku mpapuro z’abitavye inama z’umupfasoni arongora abandi wese nk’uko vyerekanywe mu gakino k’akarorero ko mu cigwa ca kane (Igitabu ca 1).2. Imboneza ikabaza ko hariho umupfasoni arongora abandi yoba yaragize ingorane mu nama yamuhuje n’abavyeyi. Imboneza ikaronderera hamwe n’abo bavyeyi umuti w’izo ngorane, akabafasha gutora umuti w’ingorane bafise, kandi agasaba impanuro abandi bapfasoni barongora abandi bari ngaho.3. Imboneza ikabaza abavyeyi bapfuye,abana bapfuye, canke imbanyi nshasha muri iyo migwi y’ababanyi. Imboneza ikandika ku rupapuro rwo guhamagarirako amazina ibintu bishasha vyoba vyarabonetse.4. Imboneza igaheza agashimira abo bagore bose ku mwete berekana mu gikorwa kandi akabahimiriza ngo bashishikare.

Amaberebere ntahagije (Igicapo ca 3.1) – iminota 10

3. AgakuruPicture A. Soma agakuru kari ku rupapuro rwa 20 mu gitabo mfashanyigisho.

Barumwete ariko ayaga n’umugenzi wiwe bafise abana. Mu gihe umwana wa Barumwete arize, aca amuha ikimanyu c’igitoke gitetse. Iyo umwana w’umubanyi wiwe nawe arize, nyina aramwonsa. Umubanyi iridoga ngo “Ibere ntirikibumba umwana wanje”. Barumwete aca avuga “Ingo hano”. “Akeneye utundi tundi twongera kw’ibere. Umwana wawe ararengeje umwaka. Harageze ko wongera kw’ibere utundi dufungurwa kugira ashobore guhaga.”

4. GutohozaPicture B. Soma ibibazo biri ku rupapuro rwa 20 mu gitabo mfashanyigisho.

Baza ikibazo ca mbere kugira wibutse ka gakuru:o Twibaza ko abari mu nyigisho bazokwishura nk’uku gukurikira:

Barumwete yafungurira umwana wiwe igitoke gitetse. Umubanyi nawe yaramwonsa.

Baza ikibazo ca kabiri kugira umenye ico abavyeyi bibaza ku coba kibereye mu gufungurira umwana ashikanye ivyo bigero.

o Ku mwaka umwe, umwana akeneye gufungurirwa kenshi. Ibere ryonyene ntirishobora kubumba umwana ashitse muri ivyo bigero13. Barumwete ariko agirira umwana wiwe ibibereye.

13 Our LDM study found that mothers of malnourished children (6-60 months) were 4.5 more likely to be currently breastfeeding their child than mothers of health children. This may be caused by women who do not offer enough food for healthy growth.

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o Barumwete yigiye ibintu vyinshi vyiza kuri Karorero. Ubu nawe atanguye kuvyigisha abandi.

Baza ikibazo ca nyuma kugira umenye ico abavyeyi bagira iyo abana barize.o Kubaha udufungurwa two kubanezereza bituma bahaga neza. Bahejeje

gufungura, ni ukubonsa mu gihe inzara itaheze. Picture C. Himiriza ikiyago. Nturondere gukosora “inyishu zitari zo”. Reka

umwe wese atange iciyumviro ciwe. Iyi paje ni iy’ikiyago, si iy’inyigisho.Picture D. Abari ngaho bamaze kwishura ku kibazo ca nyuma, uce wimukira ku

rupapuro rukurikira rw’igitabo c’amasanamu, uvuge uti “Hinge tugereranye ivyiyumviro vyanyu n’inyigisho iri muri izi mpapuro zikurikira.”

? Ni ibiki umuvyeyi umwe umwe wese ahereza umwana wiwe?

? Ni nde muri bo agira uko bitegerejwe?? Mu gihe umwana wawe afise umwaka umwe, umugaburira

iki ?

Kubandanya kwonsa umwana: Hagati y’umwaka 1 n’imyaka 2 (Igicapo ca 3.2) – iminota 5

5. Erekana:Picture E. Gusaba abavyeyi ngo basigure ivyo babona ku bicapo biri ku rupapuro rwa

23.

? Ni ibiki mubona kuri ibi bicapo?

6. Sigura: Picture F. Shikiriza inyigisho nyamukuru ukoresheje impapuro za 22 na 23 z’igitabo

c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho. Picture G. Ukoreshe amungane ndondozi magufi yanditseko kugira ngo wiyibutse


Ashikanye umwaka, banza umufungurire imbere yo kumwonsa. Bandanya kumwonsa gushika ku myaka ibiri canke itatu.

o Kwonsa igihe cose umwana arishatse.o Kwonsa birakinga indwara.o Ibere ni ryiza gusumba amata y’inka canke amazi.o Abana bonse bikwiye barakura neza kandi bagakomera.

33

Gufungura ibiharage, inyama z’urwagasha canke igitigu, igitunguru sumu, umuceri, amamesa, ibiyoba, intete zisekuye, ifi n’amagi.

o Ivyo bifungurwa bifasha umuvyeyi yonsa kuguma akomeye.o Abavyeyi bafungura zene izo mfungurwa bagira abana bafise

amagara meza.o Gufungura utundi dufungurwa nka tubiri ku munsi.

? Ni kubera iki abavyeyi bamwe bamwe bahagarika kwonsa imbere y’uko umwana ashikana imyaka ibiri?

? Twobafasha gute gutegera akamaro ko kwonsa umwana igihe gikwiye?

Izindi nsiguro ku bigisha abandiAmata y’inka Amata y’inka ntarimwo ivyinyunyu bikwiye vya fer. Umwana anywa amata

y’inka mu kibanza c’ibere ashobora kubura amaraso (amaraso atarimwo ibikwiye). Abo bana bategerezwa kurya ibifungurwa birimwo ivyunyunyu vyinshi vya fer kugira bikingire iyo ndwara yo kubura amaraso.

Ibitigiri ngenderwako – Kubandanya kwonsa Ibice c’abavyeyi bafise abana bari hagati y’amezi 6 na 24 bari baronse ibere

ry’abavyeyi ni 93% mu Cankuzo na 84% mu Ruyigi. Ibice c’abavyeyi bafise abana bari hagati y’amezi 6 na 24 bakiriko baronka ni

89% mu Cankuzo na 92% mu Ruyigi.

Urugero n’ibihe vyo gufungurira umwana: Hagati y’umwaka n’imyaka 2 (igicapo ca 3.3) – iminota 5

7. Erekana:Picture H. Gusaba abavyeyi ngo basigure ivyo babona ku bicapo biri ku rupapuro rwa

25.


8. Sigura: Picture I. Shikiriza inyigisho nyamukuru ukoresheje impapuro za 24 na 25 z’igitabo

c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho. Picture J. Ukoreshe amungane ndondozi magufi yanditseko kugira ngo wiyibutse


Gufungurira umwana incuro 5 ku munsi. Kumuha umusururu n’imfungurwa zisanzwe be n’utundi dufungurwa two kumunezereza.

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o Kumuha imfungurwa zisanzwe kabira canke karenga ku munsi.

o Kumuha imfungurwa abandi bariko barafungura.o Kumugaburira kw’isahani yiwe.

Kumuha gushika ku karahuri k’Agasabasaba kuzuye igihe cose afungura.o Kugaburira umwana kw’isahani yiwe kugira urabe urugero

ashobora kugezako.o Tangura umuhereze akarahuri kagomba kuzura.o Genda urongereza uko umwana akura.o Akaba aguma ashonje, mwongere izindi mfungurwa.

Kumanyagura canke gusekura imfungurwa mu gihe zoba zomugora guhekenya no kumira.

o Inyama zicemwo uduhimba duto duto, ifi zumye nazo zivungagure.

o Kumanyagura canke gusekura imfungurwa zohava zibabaza umwana.

? Ni kuki Karorero afungurira umwana akoresheje akarahuri kiwe?o Niho ashobora kumenye niba umwana yafunguye bikwiye.o Arazi ibikwiriye umwana wiwe.

Imfungurwa nziza kugira umwana akure neza: hagati y’umwaka n’imyaka 2 (igicapo ca 3.4) – iminota 5

9. Erekana:Picture K. Gusaba abavyeyi ngo basigure ivyo babona ku bicapo biri ku rupapuro rwa

27.


10. Sigura: Picture L. Shikiriza inyigisho nyamukuru ukoresheje impapuro za 26 na 27 z’igitabo

c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho. Picture M. Ukoreshe amungane ndondozi magufi yanditseko kugira ngo wiyibutse


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Gufundurira umwana amateke. Afasha abana gukura neza.o Kuyateka hanyuma ukayagaburira umwana nk’umusururu.o Kuyateka ulayateranya n’ibiharage be n’ifi.o Kuyakaranga kugira uze urayaha umwana nk’udufungurwa to

kumunezereza.

Kugaburira umwana inyama n’ifi kugira agire amaraso akwiye, imitsi n’amagufa bikomeye.

o Ivyo bifungurwa birimwo ivyunyunyu vya fer bikenewe mu maraso.

o Ivyo bifungurwa birimwo protein zikenewe ku mitsi no ku magufa.

Kwongera mu mfungurwa umuryango usanzwe ufungura udutete tw’munyu.o Kugura umunyu urimwo ivyunyunyu vyitwa iyode.o Umunyu uva muri Tanzanya nta ivyo vyunyunyu ufise.o Umunyu urimwo iyode uasha abana kwiga neza mu ashure.

? Ni izihe mfungurwa zindi umwana akeneye kugira akure neza?o Imfungurwa ntanganguvu nk’amavuta n’intete.o Ivyamwa n’imboga.

Izindi nsiguro ku bigisha abandiIbintu bituma haba ugfungura nabi mu Burundi

Picture N. Abavyeyi bafungurira abana babo amateke, inyama, n’umunyu bagira amagara meza gusumba abavyeyi batigeze babaha izo mfungurwa.

Picture O. Abana bakora ibintu vyiza bitari bimenyerewe baba barasumbije gufungura inyama abana bagwaye indwara ziva kugufungura nabi nk’icuro 2.6.

Ivyunyunyu vya fer Inyama zoba zirimwo ivyunyunyu bike vya fer ugereranije n’ibiterwa; Yamara

rero ivyunyunyu vyo mu nyama vyoroshe gusabagira mu mubiri kandi bica bikora ningoga na ningoga. Kumufungurira inyama nkeyi canke ibindi bifungurwa biva ku bikoko bura indwi ni yo nzira ibereye mu kumukingira ibura ry’amaraso (ibura rya fer).

Inyigisho kuvyerekeye fer, subiramwo icigwa ca 2 mu gitabu ca 2.

Ibitigiri ngenderwako – Inyama Dukurikije ibiharuro dufise, abantu 3% nibo bonyene bari bafunguye inyama

(zaba izo inka, intama, impene, urukwavu, inkoko, imbata, canke ubundi bw’inyoni, igitigu, amafyigo, mutima, canke ikindi gice cose) mu masaha 24 yakurikira icigwa.

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11. Igikorwa: Umushishito w’umwana – iminota 30

Imbere yo gutangura, rondera ibikoresho bikurikira:Akarahuri k’AgasabasabaInkono canke indobo y’ivuIvu (ringana n’uturahuri 4 tw’ Agasabasaba)

Uzuza ivu akarahuri k’Agasabasaba. Curanurira iryo vu mu ndobo canke inkono. Uzuza ka karahuri izindi ncuro zitatu wongera usauka muri ya nkono canke indobo. Ubu indobo irimwo ml 1000 z’ivu.

1. Erekana ya ndobo canke inkono irimwo za ml 1000 z’ivu2. Sigura ko iryo vu riri mu kibanza c’imfungurwa umwana afise amagara meza

akeneye ku munsi kugira agire igikuriro kandi akomere.3. Suka rya vu mu turwi dutat. Sigura ko akagwi kose karenza gato imfungurwa

zuzuye akarahuri k’Agasabasaba.

Vyoba ari vyiza ko umwana w’umwaka umwe (amezi 12) afungura akarahuri k’Agasabasaba kuzuye igihe cose bamufunguriye?

4. Sigura: Kumbure sivyo. Akarahuri kanengesereye k’Agasabasaba vyoba ari vyinshi cane ku mwana w’umwaka umwe (amezi 12).

5. Saba abapfasoni kugabanganya ivu mu turwi dutoya – Akarwi umwana w’umwaka umwe yoshobora gufungura bura igihe.

6. Bahejeje gutora uko akagwi umwana w’umwaka umwe yofungura kongana, basabe basubire bagire utundi turundo gushika aho barangiza ivu ryose riri mu ndobo. Akagwi kose kerekana ivyo umwana yofungurirwa.

7. Hereza abavyeyi umwanya ukwiye kugira bayage bongere bagabanganye ivu mu mirwi ingana gushika aho bumva bashima inyishu yabo.

? Watoye kumufungurira ibingana gute?

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12. Uburyo bwonyene bufasha umwana w’umwaka umwe gufungura ml 1000 ni iyo afungura duke duke (ml 200) incuro zitanu ku munsi. Muri ubu buryo umwana azoshobora guhaga, no gufungura neza imisi yose kugira agire igikuriro yongere akomere.

? Hoshika iki mu gihe umuvyeyi yohitamwo gusa kugaburira umwana wiwe incuro zibiri canke zitatu ku munsi? Vyogendera gute umwana?

Gusigura: Abana bageze kuri ibi bigero bakeneye ml 1000 z’imfungurwa ku munsi. Mu gihe umuvyeyi afunguriye umwana wiwe kabiri canke gatatu gusa ku munsi umwana ntashobora guhaga. Kandi ntakura neza. Azoca agwara indwara zo kudafungura neza. Umwana w’amezi 12 ni ukumufungurira igice c’akarahuri k’imfungurwa ibihe bitanu ku munsi. Uko umwana agira akayabagu niko wongereza urugero kugira ahage neza. Ku mezi 18, umwana wanyu azoba ashobora kurya ikirahuri cose no gufungura incuro zitanu ku munsi.





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1. Saba Abavyeyi bari mu mugambi Tubaramure gushikiriza abandi inyigisho baronkejwe uyu musi bakoresheje impapuro zibiri za mbere z’iki cigwa zo mu Gitabo c’Amasanamu Mfashanyigisho. Bakwiye kubwira uwundi mugore ari mu Mugwi Tubaramure bakoresheje bwa buhinga bwo kwigisha.

2. Bwira abo Bavyeyi Tubaramure bumviriza izo nyigisho ko borondera ikintu batemera mu vyo bigishijwe; imvo imwe ituma babona ko iyo nyigisho yoba igoye kuri bo.

3. Abo Bavyeyi Tubaramure bashikiriza izo nyigisho bakwiye kugerageza gufasha abo bagore gutsinda izo ntambamyi.







Nk’akarorero:

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Umwana wanje w’umwaka zzogaburira ibihe bitanu ku munsi. Muri iyi ndwi nzomushirira mu mfungurwa umunyu. Ku ndwi ku ndwi, nzomugaburira amateke n’inyama.


Saba umuvyeyi wese avuge ku bijanye n’inama yari yigiriye.

? Wari wafashe iyihe nama ku nyigisho iheze? Woba warayiranguye? ? Gute – Wakoze iki?

o Hoba hari umuntu (umushingantahe wawe, nyogokurur canke umwana) atakorohereje canke yakubujije gukurikiza ingingo wigiriye?

o Ni zihe ntambamyi (abantu, ibishika mu buzima, canke ibikorwa) zashikiye ubuzima bwawe zatumye ingingo wifatiye zidashoboka?

o Hari ico washoboye kugira ngo utorere inyishu izo ngorane?

Mu guheraheza, saba umuvyeyi umwe umwe wese ayagire abandi ivyerekeye ivyo yakoze mu ndwi zibiri ziheze:

Picture P. Ejo hahise, ni iki wafunguriye umwana wawe afise hagati y’amezi 6 na 11? Picture Q. Ni utuhe dufungurwa two kumunezereza woba waramuhaye ejo haheze?Picture R. Umwana wawe angana gute (afise imyaka/amezi angahe?) Ni ruruhe rupimo

ukoresha mu gihe co kumufungurira?

Inyigisho ya 4: Ibigize umusururu: Ifu ya CSB n’ibifungurwa birimwa mu Burundi

Abavyeyi bazokwitwararika ko abana, abavyeyi bibungenze n’abonsa bafungura neza.

o Mu gutegura udufungurwa two kwinezereza, umuvyeyi yibungenze canke yonsa azokoresha uturahuri tubiri twa CSB n’utuyiko tubiri tw’amavuta ku munsi.14

14 Rations for pregnant or breastfeeding women include 200 grams of CSB and 20 grams of oil. 10 grams of oil is approximately one tablespoon.

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o Ku bana bafise hagati y’amezi 6 na 24, abavyeyi bazokoresha akarahuri kamwe ka CSB n’akayiko k’amavuta ku munsi.15

o Ku bana barenza imyaka ibiri mbere no ku bandi bantu bakuze, hazotegurwa ibirahuri 4 vy’umusururu n’ibiyiko 4 vy’amavuta.16

Abavyeyi bazokongerako izindi mfungurwa ku musururu wa CSB kugira bigire akanovera n’akamaro.

o Kwongerako umuhwi, ubuki canke ivyamwa kugira bisose.o Kwongeramwo ifi zimanyaguye canke ziseye n’ibiharage mu

musururu urimwo umunyu. o Umusururu wa CSB ukorwa mu rugero rumwe rwa CSB n’ingero

zibiri z’amazi. Kwongeramwo amazi uko bikenewe kugira umusururu worohe canke uvuze bivanye n’ibigero vy’umwana. Kubiteka nk’iminota itanu.

Abavyeyi bategerezwa gutegurira imfungurwa zifise akamaro mu mubiri w’umwana, harimwo amateke, igitunguru sumu, inyama z’ibikoko, irengarenga, imyungu, n’umunyu.17

o Amateke, inyama z’ibikoko n’umunyu ni ibifungurwa bikomeza abana. Abavyeyi bonsa iyo bafunguye amateke basanze bagira abana bakomeye gusumba abatayariye.

o Imyungu irimwo vitamine A nyinshi; inyama z’ibikoko n’irengarenga birimwo ivyunyunyu vya fer vyinshi.

Ibikoresho:1. Igitabo vyo kwandikamwo abitavye ibikorwa 2. Igitabu ndemeshanyigisho 3. Ibirungo vy’amateke n’ibikoresho vy’isosi*4. Ibikoresho vyo mu gikoni n’amakara canke inkwi vyo gutekesha*

Incamake:Picture S. Agakino: Mu mwonga Picture T. Ukwitaba ibikorwa no kwirinda ibisamazaPicture U. Gutera inkuru no kubaza ibijanye n’inyifato bateyeko: gusangira umusururuPicture V. Kwerekana ibicapo no kuyaga ku nyigisho iri kuva ku rupapuro rwa 30

gushika ku rupapuro rwa 35: Imfungurwa z’umwe umwe wese, umusururu usosa n’umusururu urimwo umunyu, amateke n’ibikoresho vy’isosi

Picture W. Igikorwa: Amateke n’isosi Picture X. Kuraba intambamyi zishobokaPicture Y. Kubereka inyishu zishobora ku ntambami batoyePicture Z. Kwimenyereza no kwigishanya kuri babiri babiriPicture AA. Gusaba ko bigira inamaPicture BB. Gusuzuma inama bigiriye mu nyigisho yaheruka

15 Rations for children 6 to 23 months are 100 grams of CSB and 10 grams of oil. 16 The family ration is 400 grams of CSB and 40 grams of oil.17Foods selected are based on findings of the Local Determinants of Malnutrition Study. Mothers who offered these foods to their child had healthier children compared to mothers who did not offer these foods. For more information, see http://www.slideshare.net/jehill3/local-determinants-of-malnutrition-an-expanded-positive-deviance-study.

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1. Agakino: Mu mwonga- iminota 10

1. Guca umurongo hasi imbere y’abapfasoni ukoresheje inkoni. Umuringo uri mu kibanza c’umugezi. Gusaba umwe umwe wese ahagarare ku nkengera zawo (hafi na hafi y’inkombe yaw a mugezi).

2. Gusigura: Muhagaze ku nkombe y’umugezi. 3. Ni navuga nti, "mu mwonga," muraheze mutere intambwe imwe mwegereza

mu “mazi."4. Ariko rero, mvuze “mu mwonga” muragume aho muri ntimwiyunguruze5. Ko mvuga ngo “ku nkombe” murace mutera intambwe imwe musubira

inyuma. 6. Naho mvuze nti “mu nkombe” ntimwiyunguruze. 7. Muramutse mwihenze, muca muva mu rukino.8. Kwihuta mu gutanga ibimenyetso. Hagize uwihenda, ategerezwa kuva mu

rukino. Bandanya gushika aho hasigara umuntu mwe gusa. 9. Gusubiramwo urwo rukino igihe cose bikenewe.


2. Guhamagara amazina no gushikiriza umuti w’ibibazo


Igakuru: Gusangira umusururu (Igicapo ca 4.1) – iminota 10

3. AgakuruPicture CC. Gusoma ku rupapuro rwa 28 rw’igitabu ndemeshanyigisho.

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Karorero ashize umusururu w’ibirahuri 5 vya CSB kugira umwe wese mu baba mu muryango ashore kuronka. Yongeyemwo igice c’ikirahuri c’ibiyoba bisekuye n’ifi z’amagufa zisekuye. Yongeyemwo amazi kugira umusururu worohere na Biguvu. Ahejeje gukinjika wa musururu, aca ashiramwo amavuta. Ubwa mbere agaburira Biguvu, hanyuma abana bose bagafungura, umutoyi wa bose agatangura hanyuma abakurikira hagahereza Karorero n’umutambukanyi wiwe.

4. GutohozaPicture DD.Gusoma ibibazo biri ku rupapuro rwa 28.Picture EE. Kubaza ikibazo ca mbere kugira biyibutse ibilenyetso biri mu gakuru.

o Twibaza ko abapfasoni bishura uku gukurikira: Agakuru ntikadoma urutoke ku gituma afungurira umwana ubwa mbere. Yamara turazi ko ari nkenerwa ku bana ko baronka imfungurwa bakeneye kugira bagire igikuriro kandi bakomere. Mu gihe abana bafunguriwe ubwa nyuma bohava batabasigariza imfungurwa zikwiye.

Picture FF. Baza ikibazo ca kabiri kugira urabe ico abavyeyi bazi ku rupimo rw’umusururu bategurira abantu bose baba mu muryango.

o Twizera ko abari mu murwi bishura nk’uku: o Abavyeyi bibungenze canke bonsa bafungura ibirahuri 2 n’ibiyiko 2

vy’amavuta ku munsi. Abana baronka ikirahuri 1 ca CSB n’ikiyiko 1 c’amavuta ku munsi. Abasigaye nabo bazosangira ibirahuri 4 n’ibiyiko 4 nyene vy’amavuta ku munsi.

Picture GG.Kubaza ikibazo ca nyuma ushaka kumenya uburyo abavyeyi bakoresha mu kumenya ko abana n’abavyeyi baronse umusururu wabateguriwe.

o Andika ahantu ingorane abapfasoni bagize. Gerageza kuganira izo ngorane n’abakuru b’umubano igihe cose bikenewe.

Picture HH.Himiriza ikiyago. Nturondere gukosora “inyishu zitari zo”. Reka umwe wese atange iciyumviro ciwe. Iyi paje ni iy’ikiyago, si iy’inyigisho.

Picture II. Abari ngaho bamaze kwishura ku kibazo ca nyuma, uce wimukira ku rupapuro rukurikira rw’igitabo c’amasanamu, uvuge uti “Hinge tugereranye ivyiyumviro vyanyu n’inyigisho iri muri izi mpapuro zikurikira.”

? Ni kubera iki Karorero afungurira umwana imbere y’abandi?

? Ni uruhe rugero rw’umusururu umuntu wese mu muryango aronka?

? Ni ubuhe buryo ukoresha kugira umenye ko umwana wese aronka umusururu ukwiye ku munsi?

Ibifungurwa vy’umwe umwe wese (Igicapo ca 4.2) – iminota 5

5. Erekana:Picture A. Gusaba abavyeyi ngo basigure ivyo babona ku bicapo biri ku rupapuro rwa

31.

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6. Sigura: Picture B. Shikiriza inyigisho nyamukuru ukoresheje impapuro za 30 na 31 z’igitabo

c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho. Picture C. Ukoreshe amungane ndondozi magufi yanditseko kugira ngo wiyibutse


Abapfasoni bibungenze n’abonsa bakoresha ibirahuri 2 vya CSB n’ibiyiko 2 vy’amavuta ku munsi.

o Gukora umusururu w’ikirahuri kimwe ca CSB n’ikiyiko kimwe c’amavuta imisi yose mu gatondo.

o Gukora umusururu w’ikirahuri kimwe ca CSB n’ikiyiko kimwe c’amavuta imisi yose ku murango.

Gukora umusururu w’ ikirahuri kimwe ca CSB n’ikiyiko kimwe c’amavuta ku bana bafise hagati y’amezi 6 na 24.

o Ku bana bari hagati y’amezi 6 n’8 bahereze igace k’akarahuri kagera kuri 1/3 vy’umusururu wa CSB incuro zitatu ku munsi.

o Ku bana bafise hagati y’amezi 9 na 11 bahereze agace k’akarahuri kagera kuri 1/2 vy’umusururu wa CSB incuro zibiri ku munsi ½ vyongera ku zindi mfungurwa.

o Ku bana bari hagati y’umwaka n’imyaka 2, bahereze ikirahuri cose c’umusururu wa CSB vyiyongera ku zindi mfungurwa.

Gukoresha ibiyiko 4 vya CSB n’ibiyiko 4 vy’amavuta ku bandi bantu bo mu muryango.

o Abana barenza imyaka 2 co kimwe n’abakuze baba mu muryango bafungurire umusururu.

? Hakoreshwa uruhe rugero rw’amazi ku kirahuri cose c’umusururu wa CSB?o Ibirahuri 2 vy’amazi ku kirahuri cose ca CSB.o Mu gukora umusururu munovu gusumba aho, koresha amazi

adashikira ayo.o Ku musururu w’amazimazi, koresha amazi arenga ibirahuri 2.

Izindi nsiguro ku bigisha abandi:Ingaburo iri mw’ifu ya CSB

Picture D. Ku bapfasoni bibungenze n’abonsa, umugambi Tubaramure wateguye ingaburo ingana n’ama g 35 ya protéines, mg 35 za fer, na mg 15 za zinc, na UI 5,225 za vitamine A be na mcg za 600 mcg za folates.

Picture E. Ku bana Bari hagati y’amezi 6 na 24 ingaburo irimwo ama g 17 ya proteins, am mg 831 ya calcium, ama g 18 ya fer, mg 5 za zinc na IU 2,612 za vitamin A.

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Umusururu usosa n’uwurimwo umunyu (Igicapo ca 4)– iminota 5

7. Erekana:Picture F. Gusaba abavyeyi ngo basigure ivyo babona ku bicapo biri ku rupapuro rwa

33.


8. Sigura: Picture G. Shikiriza inyigisho nyamukuru ukoresheje impapuro za 32 na 33 z’igitabo

c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho. Picture H. Ukoreshe amungane ndondozi magufi yanditseko kugira ngo wiyibutse


Gutegura umusururu usosa: Kuvanga ibi bikurikira:o Ikirahuri kimwe ca CSBo Ikirahuri 1n’igice c’amazio Umuhwi umwe w’akamaramasenge. Mu gihe ata mihwi ibonetse,

koresha ikindi camwa nk’umwembe canke igipapayi. Kubiteka iminote nk’ 5. Kwongeramwo amazi iyo umusururu ugiye kuvura

cane.o Kubikura ku ziko.o Kwongeramwo ikiyiko c’amavuta.o Kwongeramwo akamanyu k’umunyu.

Mu gukora umusururu urimwo umunyu:o Gushiramwo ikirahuri ca CSBo Ikirahuri n’igice c’amazio Ibiyiko 2 vy’ifi yumye, isekuye canke iseyeo Ibiyiko 2 vy’ibiharage bisekuyeo Mugihe ata fi ziriho, gukoresha ifu y’ibiyoba.

Kubiteka nk’iminota 5. Kwongeramwo amazi mu gihe umusururu ugiye kuvura cane.

o Kubikura ku ziko.o Kwongeramwo ikiyiko c’amavuta.o Kwongeramwo akamanyu k’umunyu

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? Ni izihe mfungurwa wongeye mu musururu?

Izindi nsiguro ku bigisha abandi Agatabu “Tubaramure Recipe Booklet”

Picture I. Uburyo bwa mbere bwavuye mu gatabu ka Tubaramure Recipe Booklet. Ubugira kabiri bwavuye mu buryo bishobora gutanga ama protein na fer ku bana.

Imyumbati n’ingene bategura isosi (igicapo ca 4.4) – iminota 5

9. Erekana:Picture J. Gusaba abavyeyi ngo basigure ivyo babona ku bicapo biri ku rupapuro rwa

35.


10. Sigura: Picture K. Shikiriza inyigisho nyamukuru ukoresheje impapuro za 34 na 35 z’igitabo

c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho. Picture L. Ukoreshe amungane ndondozi magufi yanditseko kugira ngo wiyibutse


Muzokenera ibikurikira:o Imizi 4 canke 5 y’imyumbatio Amateke 4 y’igitunguru sumuo Isahani imwe y’inyamao Isahani y’irengarengao Isahani 2 z’imyunguo Ibiyiko 4 vy’amavutao N’akamanyu k’umunyu

Guteka umwumbati ukaba urawushira aho. Mu gukora isosi:

o Gukekagura umwungu, irengarenga n’inyama. Gukeka neza igitunguru sumu.

o Gukaranga inyama n’amavuta n’igitunguru sumu bikekaguye. Kugaragura gushika aho inyama zihindura ibara.

o Kwongeramwo imyungu n’amazi akwiye kugira bibe isosi.

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o Kubiteka gushika aho umwungu usha. Biri mu gusha, kwongeramwo irengarenga n’umunyu. Kubiteka gushika aho irengarenga zisha.

Kurenza iyo sosi kuri ya myumbati.

Izindi nsiguro ku bigisha abandi Ingene bategura isosi y’imyumbati Ubu buryo bugizwe n’ubwoko bw’imifungurwa uko ari zine twize mu gitabu ca

2 ku cigwa ca 2 nyene. Ibifungurwa ntanganguvu (inyumbati n’amavuta); Ibifungurwa ndemamubiri (inyama); hamwe n’ibifungurwa bikingira umubiri (imyungu n’irengarenga).

Ingaburo iri mu bifungurwa (inyama zirimwo fer nyinshi, irengarenga nazo nyene); inyama zirimwo protein nyinshi; imyungu nayo irimwo vitamine A.

Imyumbati, inyama, umunyu n’igitunguru sumu bifasha umwana kugira amagara meza mu cigwa cakozwe ku bituma haba ugufungura nabi.

11. Igikorwa: Imyumbati n’isosi – iminota 30

Kuzana ibintu bikurikira:Picture M. Ibikoresho vyo gutegura imyumbati n’isosi biri ku gicapo ca 4.4 c’igitabu

ndemeshabikorwa.Picture N. Inkono zo gutekamwo n’inkwi canke amakara hamwe n’ikibiriti.Picture O. Saba umupfasoni umwe umwe wese azane akombo ko kugaburiramwo

imfungurwa.

1. Kwigisha intambwe yose y’ugutegura. 2. Bikenewe, tangurira ku ntambwe yo guteka imbere yo gutangura icigwa

kugira inyigisho irangire imfungurwa zibe ziri aho.3. Kwishura ibibazo uko bikenerwa.


? None ibi vyiyumviro muvyiyumvirako iki? Mbega hoba hariho ibintu vyoshobora kukubuza gukurikiza ingendo duhejeje kuyagako uyu munsi?

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Saba abo bavyeyi bayagishe umugore yicaye i ruhande yabo. Ni bavugane nawe amakenga yabo yose boba bafise ku cigwa. Bari hamwe bakwiye kugerageza gutora umuti w’ayo makenga n’izo ngorane. Imitota itanu iheze, uce usaba abavyeyi ba Tubaramure bashikirize ivyo bayazeko.




1. Saba abavyeyi ba Tubaramure gushikiriza abandi inyigisho baronkejwe uyu musi bakoresheje impapuro zibiri za mbere z’iki cigwa zo mu gitabo c’amasanamu Mfashanyigisho. Bakwiye kubwira uwundi mugore ari mu mugwi Tubaramure bakoresheje bwa buhinga bwo kwigisha.

2. Bwira abo bavyeyi ba Tubaramure bumviriza izo nyigisho ko borondera ikintu batemera mu vyo bigishijwe; imvo imwe ituma babona ko iyo nyigisho yoba igoye kuri bo.

3. Abo bavyeyi ba Tubaramure bashikiriza izo nyigisho bakwiye kugerageza gufasha abo bagore gutsinda izo ntambamyi.




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15. Kwiyemeza─ iminota 2



Akarorero: Picture P. Nzokongeramwo ubuki, ivyamwa, canke isukari kugira umusururu w’ifu ya

CSB usose.Picture Q. Nzokwongeramwo ifi n’ibiharage mu musururu kugira nongereze

ibifungurwa ngaburira umwana.Picture R. Nzokwirikira neza kugira menye ko abana wanje bafungura ivyo mba

nabateguriye ku munsi.


Saba umuvyeyi wese avuge ku bijanye n’inama yigiriye.

? Wari wafashe iyihe nama ku nyigisho iheze? Woba warayiranguye? ? Gute – Wakoze iki?

o Hoba hari umuntu (umushingantahe wawe, nyogokurur canke umwana) atakorohereje canke yakubujije gukurikiza ingingo wigiriye? Tubwire ingene vyagenze.

o Ni ibihe bintu (abantu, ibishika mu buzima, canke ibikorwa) vyatumye inama wigiriye idashoboka uko wavyipfuza?



Picture S. Ubana bawe bafise imyaka ingahe?

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Picture T. Ejo hahise, wafunguriye iki? Picture U. Ni ururuhe rupimo ukoresha mu gihe co kumufungurira? Kangahe ku munsi?Ni uwuhe mwana wonsa? Ibihe bingahe ku munsi?

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Icigwa ca 5: Amavitamine A: Imfungurwa n’ibindi bizunganira

Abavyeyi bazotegerezwa kumenya ibimenyetso vy’ibura rya Vitamine A mu mubiri: Uruhumyi, ukugwaragurika n’ukugorana gukira indwara.

Abavyeyi bazokwongereza n’imiburiburi imfungurwa imwe irimwo vitamine A nyinshi mu musururu w’umwana kugira akingirwe uruhumyi n’indwara zirembesha:

o Umucungwe, ibijumbu, ikaroti, n’igitigu birimwo vitamine A nyinshi. Kugaburira abana agace k’akarahuri k’Agasabasaba k’imfungurwa imwe muri izo incuro zibiri ku kwezi kugira aronke vitamine A.

o Imwungu, amababi y’imyumbati n’amaremba y’igtunguru arimwo vitamine A nyinshi. Kugaburira abana agace k’akarahuri k’Agasabasaba k’imfungurwa imwe muri izo incuro zibiri mu ndwi kugira aronke vitamine A.

o Irengarenga n’umwungu birimwo vitamine A iba ikenewe ku munsi. Kubagaburira imwe muri izo mfungurwa imisi yose kugira bagire vitamine A ikwiye.

Haheze indwi zitandatu bibarutse, Abavyeyi bazoronka vitamine A18. Ku mezi atandatu abavyeyi bazojana abana babo kuronka vitamine A.

o Abana bazoronka akama ka vitamine A ya mbere ku mezi atandatu gurtyo gurtyo uko amezi atandatu aheze gushika bagere ku myaka itanu.

o Abana bagwaye uduherehere canke batafunguye neza bazokongerako iyindi vitamine kugira bakire no kubakingira izindi ndwara zohekura abavyeyi.

Picture V. Abavyeyi bazotegerezwa kumenya ko iyo ku kwezi bongeye vitamine A ku mfungurwa zisanzwe zifungurwa mu muryango baba bakingiye abana uruhumyi no kugraragurika (Bituma bigira akamaro cane).

Ibikoresho:1. Igitabo vyo kwandikamwo abitavye ibikorwa 2. Igitabu ndemeshanyigisho 3. Imfungurwa zirimwo vitamine A nyinshi

Incamake: Agakino: Ururirimbo rwo kugaburira umwana; Kwitaba ibikorwa no kwigiza inyuma ibisamaza;

18 The WHO recommendation is 6 weeks for non-breastfeed infants and 8 weeks for exclusively breastfed infants. We are using 6 weeks as a general recommendation.

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Gutera inkuru no kubaza ibibazo ku vyerekeye ingene babigenza muri kino gihe Gutsitagurika mu mwijima; Kwerekana ibicapo no gusabikanya inyigisho nyamukuru iri mu gitabu;

ndemeshanyigisho kuva ku rupapuro rwa 38 gushika kurwa 43: ata vitamine A ikwiye, imfungurwa zirimwo vitamine A nyinshi n’inyongera za vitamine A;

Igikorwa: Imfungurwa zirimwo vitamine A nyinshi; Kwibaza intambamyi zishobora gushika; Kumenyesha inyishu zishoboka mu gihe c’intambamyi; Kwimenyereza no kwigishanya mu migwi ya babiri babiri; Gusaba ko bigira inama; Gusuzuma inama n’inyifato bijanye n’inyigisho yaheruka.

1. Agakino: ururirimbo rwo kugaburira umwana - iminota 10

1. Gusubiramwo ururirimbo rwo kugaburira umwana ku nyigisho ya kabiri y’iki gitabu.

2. Kuririmba urwo ruririmbo kenshi kugira biyibutse ibiringo abavyeyi bategerezwa gufungurira abana.

3. Kuraba ko umuvyeyi wese azi urwo ruririmbo ku mutwe.


2. Guhamagara amazina no gushikiriza umuti w’ibibazo

1. Imboneza ikwiye kwandika ku mpapuro z’abitavye inama z’umupfasoni arongora abandi wese nk’uko vyerekanywe mu gakino k’akarorero ko mu cigwa ca kane (Igitabu ca 1).2. Imboneza ikabaza ko hariho umupfasoni arongora abandi yoba yaragize ingorane mu nama yamuhuje n’abavyeyi. Imboneza ikaronderera hamwe n’abo bavyeyi umuti w’izo ngorane, akabafasha gutora umuti w’ingorane bafise, kandi agasaba impanuro abandi bapfasoni barongora abandi bari ngaho.3. Imboneza ikabaza abavyeyi bapfuye,abana bapfuye, canke imbanyi nshasha muri iyo migwi y’ababanyi. Imboneza ikandika ku rupapuro rwo guhamagarirako amazina ibintu bishasha vyoba vyarabonetse.4. Imboneza igaheza agashimira abo bagore bose ku mwete berekana mu gikorwa kandi akabahimiriza ngo bashishikare.5. Gusigura ko hakenewe umuntu avyishakiye kugira arongore ibikorwa bizorangurwa mu mezi atandatu ari imbere. Uwo muntu azokwitwa umuyozi w’ibikorwa (Activity Leader). Azorangura imirimo yo gutungana ibikorwa vyo

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gutanga inyigisho no gutegura ibikorwa mu mezi atandatu ari imbere. Azoraba ko umwe umwe wese mu bantu bavyisabiye ubwabo ko bazanye ibikenewe kugira ibikorwa biranguke neza. Azohora ashika mu nama zose nk’iminota cumi imbere y’abandi bose kugira imboneza imuhereze urutonde rw’ibikenewe yongere imusigurire ibikorwa vy’inyigisho. Umuyobozi w’ibikorwa (Activity Leader) azosaba abandi bavyishakiye kuzana ibikoresho mu gihe cagenewe “uguhamagara no kwigiza kure ibisamaza”. Azofasha imboneza mu misi y’ibikorwa. Uwundi muyobozi w’ibikorwa (Activity Leader) azotorwa uwo amaze kurangiza inyigisho ziwe zitandatu. 6. Saba uwo muyobozi w’ibikorwa mushasha (new activity leader) ko kuva ku nyigisho izokurikira yoshika iminota cumi imbere y’abandi.

Ugutsitagurika mu mwijima (Igicapo ca 5.1) – iminota 10

3. AGakuru Soma agakuru kari ku rupapuro rwa 36 mu gitabo ndemeshanyiisho.

Barumwete ajana n’umwana wiwe w’uluhungu kuramutsa umubanyi mw’ijoro. Ibarabara ryose, umuhungu wiwe agenda aratsitara ku biti no ku mabuye. Agaheza akamubaza “Ufise ingorane nyabaki”? Nawe akamusubiza “Mbise ingorane zo kubona na cane cane mw’ijoro”. Agiheza kumubwira ivyo aca asubira gutsitara agwa mu vyondo.

4. Gutohoza Soma ibibazo biri ku rupapuro rwa 36 rw’igitabu ndemeshanyigisho. Baza ikibazo ca mbere kugira wumve ico abapfasoni bibaza ku bijanye

n’ubuhumyi bw’ijoro.o Ubuhumyi bw’ijoro bukunda guterwa no gufungura nabi. Iyo umubiri

udafise vitamine A ikwiye amaso abona nabi. Baza ikibazo ca kabiri kugira wumve ico abapfasoni bibaza ko cokiza

ubuhumyi bw’ijoro. o Ubuhumyi bw’ijoro buvugwa n’umuti udasanzwe ugizwe na vitamine A

itangwa n’abavuzi. Kwongera kuvyo umuryango uba usanzwe ufungura ibifungurwa birimwo vitamine A birafasha kugabanura ubwo bugwayi bikanafasha amaso kubona neza. Yamara rero iyo amaso yamaze gusinzikara ukubona bishobora kurangirira aho.

Baza abavyeyi ikibazo ca nyuma kugira bakubwire uko bovura ubuhumyi bw’ijoro mu mryango iwabo. o Abavyeyi bogaburira ni ngoga abana ibifungurwa birimwo vitamine A

bakongera bakabanyarukana kwa muganga. Himiriza ikiyago. Nturondere gukosora “inyishu zitari zo”. Reka

umwe wese atange iciyumviro ciwe. Uru ni ni kiyago, si inyigisho. Abari ngaho bamaze kwishura ku kibazo ca nyuma, uce wimukira ku

rupapuro rukurikira rw’igitabo c’amasanamu, uvuge uti “Hinge tugereranye ivyiyumviro vyanyu n’inyigisho iri muri izi mpapuro zikurikira.”

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? Ni ibihe bituma ingorane z’uruhumyi mw’ijoro?? Hokorwa iki ngo izo ngorane zitore umuti?? Umwana wawe womugirira iki mu gihe yoba afise

ingorane z’uruhumyi bw’ijoro?

Vitamine A idakwiye (Igicapo ca 5.2) – iminota 5

5. Erekana: Saba abavyeyi gushikiriza ivyo babona ku bicapo biri ku rupapuro rwa 39.





Ubuhumyi bw’ijoro ni ikimenyetso c’uko umubiri ubuze vitamine A ikwiye.o Uyo mwana agira ingorane zo kubona mw’ijoro.o Amaso yiwe ashobora kubandanya yononekara iyo atavuwe.o Amaso yiwe ashobora guhinduka akazamwo uduherehere.o Vitamine A irakingira abana ubuhumyi bwo mw’ijoro.

Kugwaragurika ni ikindi kimenyetso c’uko umubiri ubuze vitamine A ikwiye.o Uyu mwana aragwaragurika.o Arakenye vitamine A mu mubiri wiwe.o Umubiri wiwe ntushoboe kwiganira.o Vitamine A ikingira abana kurembesha n’ingwara.

? Ni kuki ari ngombwa ko abavyeyi bihutira kuraba icokorwa bakibona ivyo bimenetso?

o Ubuhumyi ni ikimenyetso c’uko umwana akeneye gufashwa.o Iyo batihutiye kumutabariza, umwana ashobora kuba impumyi.

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o Ukugwaragurika naco ni ikimenyetso c’uko umwana akeneye kwitabwaho.

o Abavyeyi bohindura utuntu dukeyi dushobora gutuma abana bakira ningoga.

Izindi nsiguro ku bigisha abandi Ukubura Vitamine A4. Kw’isi yose, abavyeyi 255 (umwe ku bana bane) n’abavyeyi 12% canke

umwana umwe ku bana cumi bafise vitamine A idakwiye19.Ibiharuro ngenderwako – Ubumenyi bw’ibifungurwa birimwo Vitamine A Ibice mirongo itandatu kw’ijana (birengeye ibice mirongo itanu kw’ijana) vy’

abagore bo mu Cankuzo n’ibice 43% (musi y’ibice mirongo itanu kw’ijana) y’abagore bo mu Ruyigi baremeza ko vitamine A iri cane cane mu mboga z’icatsi kibisi kizize.

Abagore mirongo itatu n’icenda kw’ijana bo mu Cankuzo na 23% bo mu Ruyigi bazi ko Vitamine A iri mu vyamwa nk’imyembe, ipapaye n’ibindi vyamwa bisa n’umuhondo imbere.

Abapfasoni 6% gusa muri izo ntara uko ari zibiri barongeyemwo indimu, ikaroti, ibijumbu, n’izindi mboga z’isa n’umuhondo.

Imfungurwa zirimwo Vitamine A nyinshi (Igicapo ca 5.3) – iminota 5

7. Erekana: Saba abapfasoni bavuge ivyo babona ku bicapo biri ku rupapuro rwa 41.





Kugaburira abana ibijumbu vy’umuhondo imbere, ikaroti, canke igitigu kabiri mu kwezi kugira baronke vitamine A ikwiye.

o Ivyo bifungurwa birimwo vitamine A nyinshi cane.o Kugaburira abana ica kabiri ca kimwe muri ivyo bifungurwa incuro

19WHO. 2009. Global Prevalence of Vitamin ADeficiency in Populations at Risk 1995–2005.WHO Global Database on Vitamin A Deficiency.

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zibiri mu kwezi.o Ibijumbu vyera nta vitamine A bigira.

Kugaburira abana imyungu, amababi y’imyumbati canke amababi y’igitunguru incuro zibiri ku ndwi kugira baronke vitamine A ikwiye.

o Imyungu n’amababi y’imyumbati arimwo vitamine A nyinshi.o Ariko ntibishikiriza ibijumbu vy’umuhondo, ikaroti n’igitigu.o Gufungurira abana igice ca kimwe muri ivyo bifungurwa nka kabiri

mu ndwi.

Kugaburira abana irengarenga canke umusoma (amababi y’imyungu) imisi yose kugira bagire vitamine A ikwiye mu mubiri.

o Abana bategerezwa gufungura ivyo bifungurwa imisi yose kugira bagwize vitamine A.

o Kugaburira abana igice c’imwe muri izo mfungurwa imisi yose.

? Ni iyihe mfungurwa muri izo uzoshobora kugaburira umwana muri iyi ndwi?

? Ni incuro zingahe uronsa umwana izo mfungurwa kugira agire vitamine A ikwiye?

Izindi nsiguro ku bigisha abandi Imfungurwa zirimwo vitamine A

Abana bafise hagati y‘umwaka n’imyaka 3 bakeneye IU 1,000 za vitamine A ku munsi. Ibifungurwa biri muri runo rutonde rukurikira birimwo IU 1,000 IU canke zirenga ku ma g 100: ibijumbu vy’umuhondo imbere (IU 19,218), ikaroti (IU 16,706), igitigu (IU 13,328), imyungu (IU 4,992), amababi y’imyumbati (IU 4,238), amababi y’ibitunguru (IU 4000), irengarenga (IU 2,770), umusoma (amababi y’imyungu) (IU 1600) na broccoli (IU 1192).

Ipapaye, ubwoko bw’igitoke citwa plantains gitetse, inyanya, amagi, amababi y’ubushaza, ubushaza n’ibiharage bitoto navyo nyene birimwo vitamine A itari nke. Yamara igice c’isahani y’izo mfungurwa ntishobora kubamwo vitaine A umwana akeneye ku munsi. Gerageza kuronka imfungurwa zirimwo vitamine A nyinshi.

Ukwunganira Vitamine A (Igicapo ca 5.4) – iminota 5

9. Erekana: Saba abapfasoni bavuge ivyo babona ku icapo biri ku rupapuro rwa 43.


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Mu gihe kitarenze indwi zitandatuu umuvyeyi yibarutse, kuja kw’ivuriro kuronka vitamine A.

o Vitamine A ifasha abagore gukomera inyuma yo kwibaruka.o Vitamine A yo mw’ibere ikingira abana baconka.

Ku mezi atandatu, kujana umwana kw’ivuriro kugira aronke vitamine A. Gusubirayo igihe cose inyuma y’amezi atandatu.

o Vitamine A akingira abana kurembeshwa n’indwara.o Vitamine A ikomeza amaso.o Kugaburira abana vitamine A ko amezi atandatu aheze gushika aho

ashikana imyaka itanu. Kujana abana bafise uduhere ku mubiri canke bagwaye indwara zo gufungura

nabi kugira babongerereze vitamine A.o Vitamine A arakingira indwara zohekura abavyeyi ikongera igafasha

abana gutora mitende ningoga.? Umwana wawe yaronse vitamine A ya nyuma ryari?

Izindi nsiguro ku bigisha abandi Ibiharuro ngenderwako – Ama Vitamine A y’abana

Ku makarata y’incanco z’abana hariko amatariki baherako abana vitamine A, Abana bangana n’ibice 76% bo mu Cankuzo na 77% bo mu Ruyigi bararonkejwe ivyunganira umubiri muri vitamine A.

Abana bari barakurikije ingene izo ngaburo neza bangana n’ibice 65% mu Cankuzo na 73% Ruyigi.

Abavyeyi bangana ibice 93% vy’abavyeyi bari mu cigwa bishuye neza ko vitamine A itangwa ku mavuriro matomato.

11. Igikorwa: Imfungurwa zirimwo Vitamine A ikwiye – iminota 15

Kuzana ibi bikurikira: Ikijumbu kimwe gisa n’umuhondo imbere (Ntimukoreshe ikijumbu cera canke

gisa ukundi) Ikaroti zibiri Akamanyu k’igitigu Irengarenga nkeyi Umusoma (amababi y’imyungu)

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Amababi y’igitunguru Amaremba makeyi y’imyumbati Umwungu mutoyi

1. Kwerekana igifungurwa kimwe kimwe cose.

? Ushatse kugaburira umwana wawe vitamine A ikwiye umwana wawe womuhereza isahani zingahe z’ibijumbu cy’umuhondo ku kwezi? UMWE!

? Muri uku kwezi, wipfuje gufungurira umwana wawe vitamine A ikwiye uzomuha isahani zingahe z’igitigu ku kwezi? UMWE!

? Mu gihe woba wipfuza gufungurira umwana wawe vitamine A ikwiye wozomufungurira amasahani angahe y’ikaroti ku kwezi? UUMWE!

? Mu gihe ivyo bifungurwa bitoba biriho, ni ibihe bifungurwa bindi birimwo vitamine A wohereza umwana wawe?

Gufasha kugira abishura bose bagaruke kuri vya bifungurwa twavuze uyu munsi.

? Hakenewe amasahani angahe ku kwezi y’ivyo bifungurwa kugira vitamine A ikenewe iboneke?

o Isahani imwe y’umwungu incuro zibiri ku ndwi.o Isahani imwe y’amababi yimyumbati atetse incuro zibiri mu ndwi. o Isahani imwe y’umwungu utetse incuro zibiri ku ndwi. o Isahani imwe y’irengarenga zitetse ku munsi.o Isahani y’umusoma (amababi y’imyungu) atetse ku munsi.

Incamake:? Ni izihe mfunngurwa zitatu zirimwo vitamine A gusumba izindi?

(Ibijumbu bisa n’umuhondo imbere, igitigu n’ikaroti)

Kubera ko izo mfungurwa zirimwo vitamine A nyinshi, umubiri ntukeneye gufungurirwa vyinshi. Kugaburira umwana izo mfungurwa incuro zibiri mu kwezi ni uburyo bworoshe bwo gukingira abana indwara.

? Ni izihe fungurwa ushobora guha umwana kugira umukingire indwara? Kubera iki?


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1. Saba abavyeyi ba Tubaramure gushikiriza abandi inyigisho baronkejwe uyu musi bakoresheje impapuro zibiri za mbere z’iki cigwa zo mu gitabo c’gmasanamu mfashanyigisho. Bakwiye kubwira uwundi mugore ari mu Mugwi Tubaramure bakoresheje bwa buhinga bwo kwigisha.





6. Bose bahejeje, imboneza ice yishura ibibazo abo bavyeyi boba bafise ku bijanye n’ibikoresho, canke n’icigwa c’uyu munsi.

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15. Kwiyemeza─ iminota 2



Akarorero: Niyemeje kwongereza imyungu, amababi y’imyumbati, n’amababi

y’igitunguru ku mfungurwa dusanzwe dufungura mu muryango. Niyemeje kujana umwana wanje kwa muganga uko amezi atandatu aheze

kugira aronke vitamine A. Niyemeje gusubira kw’ivuriro mu ndwi zitandatu zikurikira ukwibaruka

kugira ndonke vitamine A.


Saba umuvyeyi wese avuge ku bijanye n’inama yigiriye.

? Ni iyihe nama wari wigiriye ku cigwa giheruka? ? Woba warayiranguye? ? Gute – Wakoze iki?

o Hoba hari umuntu (umushingantahe wawe, nyogokurur canke umwana) atakworohereje canke yakubujije gukurikiza inama wigiriye? Tubwire ingene vyagenze.



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Abana bawe ubategura ingero iyihe y’ifu ya CSB ku munsi? Weho witegurira ibingana iki? Umuryango nawo?

Ni ikihe gifungurwa wongeye mu musururu? Woba barashoboye imyumbati n’isosi mu rugo iwawe?

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Icigwa ca 6: Inzoka zo mu nda n’imiti izivura

Abavyeyi bazosigura inkurikizi z’inzoka zo mu nda ku magara y’abana: inzoka zirya imfungurwa zikomeza umubiri n’amaraso vy’umwana zigatuma umwana agoyagoya akanasinzikazwa n’indwara zo gufungura nabi.

Abavyeyi bazofata ingingo kugira bakingire abana kwandura inzoka: o Abavyeyi bazokaraba neza n’isabuni imbere yo gutegura imfungurwa,

gufungura, canke igihe bagomba gufasha abandi gufungura n’igihe cose bavuye mu kazu ka sugumwe.

o Abavyeyi bazoronga ivyamwa n’ibindi bifungurwa biribwa bidatetse hakoreshejwe isabuni n’amazi meza.

o Abavyeyi n’abana bazokwambara ibirato bongere birinde kwicara hasi.o Abantu bose bo mu muryango bazokoresha akazu ka sugumwe igihe

cose bakeneye kwitabara. Kuva umwana ashikanye umwaka, abavyeyi bazomujana kw’ivuriro kugira

aronke imiti y’inzoka uko amezi atandatu aheze. Abavyeyi bibungenze bafata imiti y’inzoka guhera ku kwezi kwa kane kugira

bikingire ibura ry’amaraso.

Ibikoresho:1. Igitabo vyo kwandikamwo abitavye ibikorwa 2. Igitabu ndemeshanyigisho

Incamake: Agakino: Kwanduza inzoka Ukwitaba ibikorwa no kwigiza inyuma ibisamaza Gutera inkuru no kubaza ibibazo ku vyerekeye ingene babigenza muri kino gihe:

Inda zacu ziruzuye Kwerekana ibicapo no gusabikanya inyigisho nyamukuru iri mu gitabu

ndemeshanyigisho kuva ku rupapuro rwa 46 gushika kurwa -51: Inzoka o munda no gufungura nabi, Kwirinda inzoka zo munda, Gufata imiti y’inzoka zo mu nda ku bana no ku bagore bibungenze.

Igikorwa: Ururirimbo rwo gufata umuti w’inzoka Kwibaza intambamyi zishobora gushika Kumenyesha inyishu zishoboka mu gihe c’intambamyi Kwimenyereza no kwigishanya mu migwi ya babiri babiri Gusaba ko bigira inama Gusuzuma inama n’inyifato bijanye n’inyigisho yaheruka.

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1. Gutora umuntu umwe avyishakiiye. 2. Gusaba abandi bavyeyi guhagarara ku muzingi begeranye cane. Umwe

yashimye gufasha ku bushake bwiwe ahagarara mu muzingi imbere.3. Uwuhagarikiye inyigisho agendura umuzingi aciye inyuma hanyuma mu

mpisho agakororera umuhwi canke ikindi kintu mu minwe y’umwe mu bari ku muzingi.

4. Kumenyesha abavyeyi ko uyo muhwi canke ico kintu ari “agakoko gatera indwara canke inzoka”. Bategerezwa kugahererekana kuri wa muzingi kandi bihuta bacishije mu mugongo.

5. Igikorwa ca wa muntu yatorwa ku gushaka kwiwe ni kuraba mu maso y’abari ku muzingi kugira amenye aho ka gakoko canke ya nzoka igeze.

6. Ihatoye, aca yinjira mu kibanza c’uwo yari ayifise uyu nawe agaca aja mu muzingi hagati gurtyo gurtyo urukino rukabandanya.




Agakuru: Inda zacu ziruzuye (Igicapo ca 6.1) –iminota 10

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1. Agakino: Pass the Worm - iminota 10

3. Agakuru Gusoma agakuru kari ku rupapuro rwa 44 mu gitabo ndemeshanyigisho.

Bari ku meza, Barumwete abona abana biwe batariko barafungura neza. Akabaza ati: “Kubera iki mudafungura?” Umuhungu wiwe akamwishura ati: “Numva mpaze”. Mukobwa wiwe nawe akongera ati: “Numva ntashonje”. Imisi myinshi yahaciye bimeze uko. Ariko n’aho ubuda bwabo buguma bwuzuye, Barumwete arazi ko batariye bikwiye.

4. Gutohoza Gusoma ibibazo biri ku rupapuro rwa 44 rw’igitabu ndemeshanyigisho Kubaza ikibazo ca mbere kugira wumve ico abavyeyi bibaza ku bituma

abana ba Barumwete badafungura. o Twibaza ko baza kwishura mu buryo nk’ubu: Abana bavuga ko

badashonje. Yamara rero ubuda bwabo buravyimvye kandi buruzuye (bishobora kuba ari ikimenyetso c’uko bagwaye inzoka).

o Mu gihe umwana agwaye inzoka, ashobora kubura akayabagu agaheraho akananuka.

Kubaza ikibazo ca nyuma kugira wumve inyishu z’abavyeyi iyo abana batanguye kugira zene izo ngorane.


Abari ng’aho bamaze kwishura ku kibazo ca nyuma, uce wimukira ku rupapuro rukurikira rw’igitabo mfasanyigisho, uvuge uti “Hinge tugereranye ivyiyumviro vyanyu n’inyigisho iri muri izi mpapuro zikurikira.”

? Kubera iki abana badafungura?? Ni iyihe ndwara itera ingorane nk’izo?? Mugira iki mu gihe abana babuze akayabagu?

Inzoka zo mu nda no gufungura nabi (Igicapo ca 6.2) – iminota 5

5. Erekana: Saba abapfasoni bavuge ivyo babona ku icapo biri ku rupapuro rwa 47.

? Ni ibiki mubona kuri ibi bicapo?

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c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho. Koresha amungane ndondozi magufi yanditseko kugira ngo wiyibutse

isanamu ijana n’ingingo imwe imwe yose.

Agakoko gatera indwara ni akayoka gatoyi kaba mu mubiri w’umuntu.o Inzoka zimwe zimwe ni ntonto cane gose ku buryo atawotubonesha

amaso yacu.o Izindi zishobora no kugira uburebure bw’imetero nyinshi mu mubiri

w’umuntu.o Utwo dukoko dutera indwara dutunzwe n’imfungurwa hamwe

n’amaraso y’umuntu.

Abana bagwaye inzoka ntibafungura neza bagaheza bakanduriraho indwara zo gufungura nabi.

o Inzoka ziriba imfungurwa z’umubiri w’umwana.o Inzoka ziranywa amaraso y’umwana.o Abana bagwaye inzoka ntibakura neza.o Abana bagwaye inzoka baragara cane.

? Ni ibihe bimenyetso wy’uko umwana yanduye inzoka?o Hari aho inzoka zigaragara mu musohoko w’umwana.o Akada k’umwana karavyimba kakuzura.o Umwana arata akayabagu biteye ubwoba.

Izindi nsiguro ku bigisha abandi:Ugufungura nabi Ugufungura nabi biterwa no kutaronka imfungurwa zirimwo ibikenewe vyose

mu mubiri (ibifungurwa bidakwiye canke ibifungurwa bitarimwo ingaburo ikwiye).

Inzoka zo mu nda zirira ingaburo y’umubiri zikanagabanya ukuyonga kw’ivyunyunyu mu mubiri.

Inzoka zigabanya ama vitamine A, ama vitamin B12 na fer mu mubiri.

Ubwoko bw’inzoka Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bw’inzoka zo mu nda: hari izisongoye, izihese, izigize

umuzingi, izimeze nk’izifatanye, be n’izigwaza igitigu. Amagi y’inzoka zo mu nda be n’utwana twazo bishobora kuba mu musohoko

mukuru, mw’ivu, no mu nyama zidatetse neza. Inyigisho zirenze aho ziri mu nyigisho y’7 yerekeye guteka neza ibifungurwa kugira baking iyandurwa ry’inzoka.

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Gukinga inzoka zo mu nda (Igicapo ca 6.3) – iminota 5

7. Erekana: Saba abavyeyi bavuge ivyo babona mu bicapo biri ku rupapuro rwa 49.

? Ni ibiki mubona muri ibi bicapo?


c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho. Gukoresha amungane ndondozi magufi yanditseko kugira ngo wiyibutse

igicapo kijana n’ingingo imwe imwe yose.

Amagi y’inzoka aba mu mwanda mukuru.o Uyu mwana aragwaye inzoka.o Umwanda wiwe mukuru urimwo amagi ari hafi yo kuvamwo

utuyoka.o Isi nayo nyene ubu iriko amagi yazo.o Uyu mwana ashobora kuba afise amagi y’inzoka kun toke canke

ku birenge. Igihe cose gukoresha akazu ka sugumwe. Kwigiza kure umwanda mukuru be

n’inzoka kure y’abantu.o Nturekere amagi y’inzoka ku mbuga hejueul.

o Gukaraba neza nogukarabisha umwana igihe cose muvuye kwituma.

o Gukaraba mu ntoke n’isabuni birica imigera n’amagi y’inzoka.

Kuronga ibifungurwa vyerera mu kuzimu ukoresheje isabuni n’amazi meza imbere yo kuvyihereza.

o Kuronga ivyamwa n’imboga imbere yo kubifungurra kugira wice amagi y’inzoka.

o Gukarabisha abana n’isabuni imbere yo gufungura.

Kwambara ibirato. Birabuza inzoka kwinjira umubiri biciye mu kirenge.o Inzoka zimwe zimwe ziberagurira mu kuzimu.o Zirashobora kumena uruhu rwo mu kirenge zikinjira mu mubiri.o Imisi yose gusasa akarago kugira ntiwicare hasi.

Izindi nsiguro ku bigisha abandi

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Ukwandura inzoka zo mu nda Inzoka zimeze nk’umuzingi, izisongoye, iziba mu mara y’umuntu, be n’inzoka

ndende cane zandurwa biciye mu magi aba ari mu kuzimu. Inzoka ziba mu mara y’umuntu zimwinjiramwo ziciye ku rukoba rudafutse,

akenshi biciye mu kirenge (hookworms).Ibiharuro ngenderwako – Gukaraba mu ntoke

Ubabajije ivyerekeye gukaraba n’isabuni mu masaha 24 yarangiye, ibice 8% gusa vy’abavyeyi nibo bemeje ko bakaravye inyuma yo gutegura umwana yitumye; abandi 8% gusa nibo bamenyesheje ko bakaraba n’isabuni iyo bavuye kwituma umwanda mukuru.

Ibice 43% gusa vy’abavyeyi nibo bakaraba imbere yo gufungura nayo ibice 23% nibo bakaraba imbere yo gutegura imfungurwa.

Kuvura inzoka abana n’abagore bibungenze (Igicapo ca 6.4) – iminota 5

9. Erekana: Saba abavyeyi bavuge ivyo babona ku bicapo biri ku rupapuro rwa 51.





Umugore yibungenze afata ibinin vy’inzoka kuva imbanyi yiwe ishikanye amezi ane.

o Abagore benshi bibungenze ntibamenya ko bagwaye inzoka.o Abagore bafashe imiti y’inzoka bagira amagara meza co kmwe

n’umwana bibungenze nyene.o Iyo umugore afise inda abonye itanguye kuboneka kandi akumva

ibiyogora mu nda, haba haheze amezi atatu.o Haba hariko haragera gutangura kumira imiti y’inzoka.

Uhereye ku mwana mukuru, tangura kubahereza umuti w’inzoka igihe cose inyuma y’amezi atandatu.

o Abana benshi bagwaye inzoka kandi ntibabizi.o Inzoka zibuza abana gukura neza.

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o Inzoka zisigariza umwana amaraso adafise ivya nkenerwa bikwiye.

o Aban abaca baba ba magoyagi bagahera aho ntibamenye ivyigwa mw’ishure.

Izindi nsiguro ku bigisha abandi Bana bageze kuja mw’ishure Igitigiri c’inzoka ziri mu mubiri wabo kiri heju cane ku bana bashikanye

imyaka yo gutangura ishure. Gutanga umuti w’inzoka uko amezi atandatu aheze vyobandanya gushika aho inzoka zigabanuka muri uwo mugwi w’abana bageze muri ivyo bigero.

Kuvura abana inzoka Icigwa cakozwe mu myaka ibiri mu gihugu c’Ubuhindi cerekanye ko kuvura

abana inzoka uko amezi atandatu aheze vyakingira umwana gushika ku bice 82% ingorane zo kugira igikuriro, (ubugufi) bikongera bigatuma umwana yunguka ibiro gushika ku bice 35%.

Umuti Imiti ikurikira ishobora guhabwa abana: Albendazole 400mg (Urupimo rumwe)

na Mebendazole 500mg (nayo nyene urupimo rumwe) mu gihe ari inzoka zaciye mu kuzimu zikinjira mu mubiri.

Inyuma y’uwo muti w’inzoka zinjiranye umubiri ziva mu kuzimu, abana bazogira agahengwe. Inzoka zo mu nda zizosohoka mu masaha 24 akurikira.

11. Igikorwa: Ururirimbo rwo kuvura inzoka – iminota 15

1. Gusubiramwo ururirimbo rwo kuvura inzoka gushika aho abavyeyi barumenya ku mutwe.

2. Guhereza umuvyeyi wese mu bari aho aruririmbire abandi.

Akarorero k’ururirimbo:

Umwana wawe ashikanye amezi 12, kumuhereza ibinini vy’inzoka. Uko haheze amezi atandatu kumuha ibindi binini Icitabirizo: Kwivuza inzoka, kwivuza inzoka. Ntureke ngo inzoka zisahure imfungurwa z’umubiri. Kwivuza inzoka, kwivuza inzoka. Ntureke ngo inzoka ngo zibere muri wewe.

Abana ntibazoba bakidwaragurikaAbana bazogira inguvuAbana bazogira igikuriro bakomere

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Icitabirizo: Kwivuza inzoka, kwivuza inzoka. Ntureke ngo inzoka zisahure imfungurwa z’umubiri. Kwivuza inzoka, kwivuza inzoka. Ntureke ngo inzoka ngo zibere muri wewe.

Haheze amezi ane umuvyeyi atwaye inda, gutangura gufata ibinini vy’inzoka. Abagore bibungenze barabikeneye cane.Icitabirizo: Kwivuza inzoka, kwivuza inzoka. Ntureke ngo inzoka zisahure imfungurwa z’umubiri. Kwivuza inzoka, kwivuza inzoka. Ntureke ngo inzoka ngo zibere muri wewe.

Abagore bibungenze ntibazoba bakidwaragurika.Abapfasoni bazoguma bakomeye gushika bibarukeIbibondo navyo bigire amagara mezaIcitabirizo: Kwivuza inzoka, kwivuza inzoka. Ntureke ngo inzoka zisahure imfungurwa z’umubiri. Kwivuza inzoka, kwivuza inzoka. Ntureke ngo inzoka ngo zibere muri wewe.



13. Gutomora – 5 iminota



1. Saba abavyeyi bo mu mugambi Tubaramure gushikiriza abandi inyigisho baronkejwe uyu musi bakoresheje impapuro zibiri za mbere z’iki cigwa zo mu

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gitabo c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho. Bakwiye kubwira uwundi mugore ari mu mugwi Tubaramure bakoresheje bwa buhinga bwo kwigisha.

2. Bwira abo bavyeyi ba Tubaramure bumvise izo nyigisho ko borondera ikintu batemera mu vyo bigishijwe; imvo imwe ituma babona ko iyo nyigisho yoba igoye kuri bo.

3. Abo bavyeyi bari mu mugambi Tubaramure bashikiriza izo nyigisho bakwiye kugerageza gufasha abo bagore gutsinda izo ntambamyi.

4. Iminota cumi iheze, usabe abo bagore kuguza ibibanza. Uwo wundi muvyeyi wo muri Tubaramure nawe azoca atanga inyigisho ziri mu mpapuro zibiri z’iki cigwa zikurikira zo mu gitabo c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho.

5. Imboneza ikwiye kwumviriza, igakosora, kandi igafasha abavyeyi Tubaramure vyagoye.

6. Bose bahejeje, ice yishura ibibazo abo bavyeyi boba bafise ku bijanye n’ibikoresho, canke n’icigwa c’uyu musi.




Akarorero: Niyemeje kuziganya amafranga kugira ngurire abana ibirato. Niyemeje gukaraba igihe cose mvuye mu kazu ka sugumwe. Niyemeje kujana umwana ku kazu ka sugumwe kugirirayo umwanda mukuru.


Saba umuvyeyi umwe umwe wese ayage ibijanye n’inama yigira.

? Ni iyihe nama wari wigiriye ku cigwa giheruka?

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? Woba warayiranguye? ? Gute – Wakoze iki?

o Hoba hari umuntu (umushingantahe wawe, nyogokurur canke umwana) atakworohereje canke yakubujije gukurikiza inama wigiriye? Tubwire ingene vyagenze.


o Hari ico washoboye kugira ngo utorere inyishu izo ngorane?Mu guheraheza, saba umuvyeyi umwe umwe wese ayagire abandi ivyerekeye ivyo yakoze mu ndwi zibiri ziheze:

Ni ibihe bifungurwa birimwo vitamine A wagaburiye umwana wawe muri izi ndwi zibiri ziheze?

Woba washoboye kumufungurira izo mfungurwa ibihe bngana gute? Ni ikihe gihe umwana wawe yaronkejwe vitamine A ubwa nyuma?

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Icigwa c’ 7: Gutegura, gukinjika be no gushingura imfungurwa

Abavyeyi bazokwigishwa gushingura umusururu wasigaye kugira ntugashe bakoresheje uburyo bumwe muri ubu bukurikira:

o Mu kwigiza kure y’imfungurwa amasazi abavyeyi bazokoresha igitambara mu gufuka imfungurwa canke bafundikire inkono iteka.

o Mu gukingira imfungurwa uruzuba, abavyeyi bazobishingura mu gitutu bongere bafundikire inkono ziteka bakoresheje igitambara gikanye kugira ibifungurwa bigume bikonje.

o ABavyeyi bazosesa umusururu wasigaye igihe umaze amasaha arenga atatu. Imigera igwirirana uko umusururu ukonja. Uwo musururu ushobora gutera indwara.

o Abavyeyi bazokwica imigera iri mu musururu wasigaye mu kuwushusha gushika aho ubira ugasebura. Ukugaburira umwana umusururu ukanye bitera umwana.

Kugira bice imigera, abavyeyi bazokwoza ikimamiro, imbugita n’igikoni (canke aho batekera) bakoresheje isabuni imbere yo gutegura imfungurwa.

Abavyeyi bazoronga ivyamwa n’imboga bakoresheje isabuni imbere yo kubiteka canke kubifungura.

Abavyeyi bazoshusha imfungurwa (zasigaye canke izitekeweho zahororokewe) gushika aho zishuha zigasebura kugira imigera n’amagi y’inzoka bipfe.

Inyuma yo gufungura, abavyeyi bazokwoza ivyombo n’inkono zo guteka bakoresheje isabuni babisusurutse ku zuba.

Mu kwirukana amasazi, abavyeyi bazofuka amasahani yogeje n’imfungurwa bakoresheje igitambara gisa neza.

Abavyeyi bazotegerezwa gutegera ko imigera iva ku masazi yagiye ku bifungurwa, iminwe itagiriye isuku, indugumba be n’igihe kirekire bishobora gutera indwara mbere no gutera indwara zisahobora guhekura abavyeyi.

Ibikoresho:1 Igitabo vyo kwandikamwo abitavye ibikorwa 2 Igitabu ndemeshanyigisho 3 Inkono ipfyundikiye y’aba umupfundikizo umujishano, w’icuma*4 Amazi n’igitambara co gufundikira inkono* 5 (Si itegeko) Ibikoresho vyo gukoresha icitwa inkono mu nkono

Incamake: Agakino: Uruhuherezi Kwitaba ibikorwa no kwigiza inyuma ibisamaza

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Gutera inkuru no kubaza ibibazo ku vyerekeye ingene babigenza muri kino gihe: Umusururu ukanye

Kwerekana ibicapo no gusabikanya inyigisho nyamukuru iri kuva ku rupapuro rwa 46 gushika ku rwa 51 mu gitabu mfashanyigisho: Gushingura umusururu wasigaye, gutegura no gushusha imfungurwa; kwoza no gushingura ivyombo.

Igikorwa: Kugumiza imfungurwa zikanye Kwibaza intambamyi zishobora gushika Kumenyesha inyishu zishoboka mu gihe c’intambamyi Kwimenyereza no kwigishanya mu migwi ya babiri babiri Gusaba ko bigira inama Gusuzuma inama n’inyifato bijanye n’inyigisho yaheruka

1. Saba abapfasoni kwicara ku muzingi batekereje kandi bahumirije.2. Igikorwa cabo no ugutega amatwi urwamo rugirwa n’umupfasoni yicaye

ibubamfu y’umwe umwe wese muri bo. Bashobora kwigana urwo rwamo bumvise ruvugijwe n’umugore yicaye ibubamfu bwabo.

3. Uwurongoye inyigisho atangura kuvuguta ibiganza kimwe ku kindi kugira humvikanemwo urwamo rumeze nk’urwo imvura.

4. Umupfasoni w’iburyo nawe aravuza urwamo, hanyuma uwukurikira gushika aho umwe wese mu muzingi ashikirwa.

5. Bose bamaze kurangiza kuvuza urwamo bavuguse ibiganza, uwurongoye inyigisho aca uvuza urwamo rurerure rumeze nk’urwo imvura mu gukocagura intoke.

6. Umupfasoni ari ku ruhande rw’iburyo araheza asuremwo urwo rwamo gurtyo gurtyo n’abandi bose mu gukocagura inkoke.

7. Hanyuma uwufasha mu nyigisho akoma amashi hanyuma abari aho bose bagaca bagira uko nyene umwe umwe gushika aho bose bavugiriza amashi icarimwe.

8. Hanyuma uwufasha inyigisho akocora ingingo hanyuma n’abandi bakagira uko nyene.

9. Mu nyuma uwufasha inyigisho akavuza imigere cane, imvura ikabamwo uruhuherezi rwinshi.

10. Mu kumenyesha ko uruhuherezi rugabanutse, uwurongoye inyigisho araheza agacurika urukurikirane, gukocagura ingingo, amashi, gukocagura intoke, kuvuguta ibiganza hanyuma hakaba agacerere.


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1. Agakino: Uruhuherezi - iminota 10

2. Guhamagara no gushikiriza umuti w’ubibazo

1. Imboneza ikwiye kwandika ku mpapuro z’abitavye inama z’umuvyeyi arongora abandi (Mother Leader) wese nk’uko vyerekanywe mu gakino k’akarorero ko mu cigwa ca kane (Igitabu ca 1).

2. Imboneza ikabaza ko hariho umu umuvyeyi arongora abandi yoba yaragize ingorane mu nama yamuhuje n’abavyeyi. Imboneza ikaronderera hamwe n’abo bavyeyi umuti w’izo ngorane, akabafasha gutora umuti w’ingorane bafise, kandi agasaba impanuro abandi bavyeyi barongoye abandi bari aho.

3. Imboneza ikabaza abavyeyi bapfuye, abana bapfuye, canke imbanyi nshasha muri iyo migwi y’ababanyi. Imboneza ikandika ku rupapuro rwo guhamagarirako amazina y’ibintu bishasha vyoba vyarabonetse.

4. Imboneza igaheza igashimira abo bagore bose ku mwete berekana mu gikorwa kandi ikabahimiriza ngo bashishikare.

Umusururu ukanye (Igicapo ca 7.1) – Iminota 10

3. Agakuru Soma agakuru kari ku rupapuro rwa 52 rw’igitabo mfashnyigisho.

Mu gatondo Barumwete ariko arategura umusururu w’umwana wiwe Mvuyekure. Ntafungura twinshi kuko aca atangura gukinisha umusururu bamufaburiye. Inyuma y’umutaga amasaha ahaye yiterera, afungurira kandi Mvuyekure wa musururu ukanye. Umuhungu wiwe akamwankira ati: “Mawe ubwo nta sazi zawononye? Uribuka ko Karorero yatubwiye ko zitera indwara? Nibaza ko tutohereza Mvuyekure uyo musururu”.

4. Gutohoza Gusoma ibibazo biri ku rupapuro rwa 52 rw’igitabu demeshanyigisho. Kubaza ikibazo ca mbere kugira usubiremwo ako gakuru:

o Twibaza ko abapfasoni baza kwishura nk’uku: Isazi zitwara ku tuguru twazo imigera. Umuhungu wa Barumwete aribuka ko Karorero yabigishije ko isazi zikwega indwara. Aramenya ko umusururu umaze igihe ushobora gutera iindwara.

Kubaza ikibazo ca kabiri kugira urabe niba abapfasoni bazi ko gufungura umusururu udashuhije birimwo indwara. o Isazi zasuka imigera ku mfungurwa zidafundikiwe. Imigera iraheza

igakurira muri wa musururu. Nk ‘igihe Barumwete yogaburira umuhungu wiwe umusururu ukanye yoshobora guca agwara.

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Baza ikibazo ca nyuma kugira wumve ico abapfasoni bogirira umusururu wasigaye. o Umusururu wasigaye ntiworenza amasaha atatu igishinguwe. Inyuma

y’ayo masaha, uwo musururu woseswa. Umusururu ukonje utegerezwa gushushwa imbere gushika ubire kugira imigera yose irimwo ipfe.


Abari ng’aho bamaze kwishura ku kibazo ca nyuma, uce wimukira ku rupapuro rukurikira rw’igitabo c’amasanamu, uvuge uti “Hinge tugereranye ivyiyumviro vyanyu n’inyigisho iri muri izi mpapuro zikurikira.”

? Ni kubera iki umuhungu wa Barumwete yankira nyina ko agaburira Mvuyekure umusururu?

? Mwibaza ko hari io uwo umusururu wogira Mvuyekure aramutse awuriye?

? Babigenza gute mu gushingura umusururu wasigaye?

Ingene bashingura umusururu wasigaye (Igicapo ca 7.2) –iminota 5


? Ni ibiki mubona muri kino gicapo?




Isazi, ubushuhe bw’izuba, no kubika umusururu umwanya muremure bituma umusururu utera indwara abana.

o Ukugaburira abana umusururu umaze igihe kirekire bitera indwara.o Umusururu ushaje ushobora gutera indwara zo gucibwamwo no

kudahwa (kuyorwa).o Isazi canke utundi dukoko tuguruka tuzana imigera ku mfungurwa.

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Kwigiza kure y’isazi umusururu wasigaye. Kuwufundikira.o Koresha umufundikizo w’umujishani, canke ikindi combo mu

kuwufundikira.o Gufundikira inkono ukoresheje igitambara.

Kwigizayo ubushuhe bw’izuba. Gufundikira imfungurwa zasigaye n’igitambara gikanye.

o Gushingura umusururu mu gitutu.o Igitambara gikanye gishobora gufasha kugira ibifungurwa bigume

bikanye.

Kirazira gushingura umusururu umwanya urenga amasaha atatu.o Inyuma y’amasaha atatu, umusururu ukwiye guseswa.o Uko umara umwanya niko imigera igwirira muri.o Umusururu wobanza gushushwa imbere yo kuwugabura ngo

bawufungure.

? Vyoba ari vyiza kubika umusururu wasigaye?o Ni vyiza gukora uwundi mushasha ku kiringo cose.o Bibaye ngombwa kubika uwusigaye, ni ukubanza kuwushusha

gushika aho ubira imbere y’uko uwugaburira umwana.

Izindi nsiguro ku bigisha abandi:Insiguro Imigera ni udukoko duto cane (bacteries canke virus) dutera indwara. Ibiharuro ngenderwako – Ugushingura ibifungurwa Imiryango ishika (80%) ifise ibikoresho bifise imifundikizo, ibisimbo, ibigega

canke amagunira yo gushingura ibifungurwa vyo guteka.

Ugutegura no gushusha imfungurwa (Igicapo ca 7.3) –iminota 5



8. Sigura:

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Shikiriza inyigisho nyamukuru ukoresheje impapuro za 48 na 49 z’igitabo c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho.

Ukoreshe amungane ndondozi magufi yanditseko kugira ngo wiyibutse isanamu ijana na buri ngingo.

Kwoza imbugita, ibiyiko, n’igikoni co gutekeramwo imbere yo gutangura guteka.

o Isazi ziguye ku biyiko canke ku mbugita zishobora gutera indwara.o Amagi y’inzoka ku meza ashobora kwandukiza indwara.o Imigera mu mfungurwa ishobora gutera indwara.o Igihe cose gukaraba imbere yo gutegura imfungurwa.

Kuronga n’isabuni ivyamwa n’imboga imbere yo kubiteka.o Isabuni irica amagi y’inzoka zo mu nda.o Isabuni irica imigera yose.o Kuronga ivyamwa n’imboga birakingira indwara.

Guteka imfungurwa gushika aho bishuha cane. Imisi yose gushusha ibifungurwa vyasigaye gushika aho bishuha cane.

o Gushusha inyama gushika aho zishuha neza.o Kwica imigera, gushusha ibinyobwa gushika bisebure.o Mu gihe c’imfungurwa zagumije ubukonje, imigera iragwirirana.o Kuzishusha kandi gushika ahi zishuha cane.

? Ni ibihe bintu muri ibi tuvuze woba umaze gukora?

? Ni iki muri ibi tuvuze woshobora kugerageza gukora kugira ukingire umuryango wawe indwara?

Izindi nsiguro ku bigisha abandi Inzoka mu bifungurwa bidatetse

Inzoka zo mu nda (tapeworm) dushobora kuzandura zivuye mu nyama zidatetse neza. Izo nzoka zifise ibimenyetso bike cane. Ariko rero,udusaho duto cane tw’inzoka dushobora gushika mu bwonko bw’umuntu iyo amagi y’inzoka yaciye mu mwanda mu kuru akatwinjiramwo aciye mu kanwa.

Hari ubundi bwoko nw’inzoka zo mu nda (Trichinosis) ziva mu nyama zidatetse. Izo nzoka ntizigera ziboneka mu musohoko mukuru. Zinjira mu mara zigahera aho zikinjira mu mitsi zigatera ububabare, ubuvyimbe, be no kubenja urukoba.

Gukaraba iminwe birakingira ugucibwamwo: Gukaraba neza intoke ukoresheje isabuni nibwo buryo nyabwo buzimbutse

mu gukingira indwara n’urupfu nyene bishobora guterwa n’ugucibwamwo20. Ku bana, ugukaraba imbere yo gufungura, yo gutegura imfungurwa, n’inyuma

20Cairncross, S. Valdmanis V. 2006. Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion.Chapter 41. Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries.Second Edition.Edt. Jameson et al 2006. The World Bank.WashingtonDC: National Institutes of Health.

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yo kuva ku kazu ka sugumwe biragabanya cane ugucibwamwo kugeza ku bice 50%21.

Kunyuguza no gushingura ibikoresho vyo ku meza (Igicapo ca 7.4) – 5 iminota

9. Erekana: Saba abavyeyi basigure ivyo babona ku bicapo biri ku rupapuro rwa 58.


10. Sigura: Shikiriza inyigisho nyamukuru ukoresheje ibiri ku rupapuro rwa 50 na 51

mu gitabo c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho. Ukoreshe amungane ndondozi magufi yanditseko kugira ngo wiyibutse


Kwoza amasahani inyuma yo gufungura.o Isazi zirakunda kuja ku bifungurwa vyasigaye.o Kwoza neza amasahani kugira isazi ntizize.

Kwanikira amasahani ku zuba.o Ubushuhe buva ku zuba burumisha ivyombo ningoga na ningoga.o Ubwo bushuje buranica imigera y’imicafu yasigaye ku masahani.

Gushingura amasahani mu kibanza gisukuye.o Kwigiza amasazi kure y’ivyombo.o Kirazira gushingura amasahani yogeje hasi.o Kumanika amasahani n’ibifungurwa ku ruhimbi kugira mubirindi

abana.

11. Igikorwa: Gushingura imfungurwa zikaguma zikanye– iminota 15

21Curtis, V., and S. Cairncross. 2003. “Effect of Washing Hands with Soap on Diarrhea Risk in the Community: A Systematic Review.” Lancet Infectious Diseases 3: 275–81.

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Koranya ibikoresho bikurikira: Inkono nini ifise umupfundikizo ishobora guterekwamwo iyindi nkono ntoyi

yayo nayo nyene ifise umupfundikizo. Amazi n’igitambara co gushishira izo nkozo. Inkono zifise imipfundikizo y’imijishano (inkoko) canke ubundi bwoko bwo

gufundikoira bukoreshwa mu kirundi. (si ngombwa) ibindi bikoresho kugira umwimenyerezo ukoeke? Iyo mushatse gushingura ibifungurwa kugira bigume bikonje mubigenza

gute?Umviriza ivyiyumviro vy’abapfasoni. Ongerako n’ibindi vyiyyumviro batashitseko. Bereke ingene uburyo bumwe bumwe bwose bukora ukoresheje ibikoresho mwaronse. Gutekera ibifungurwa mu gitambara gikanye Kubishingura mu nkono y’ibummba igaragara ipfundikijwe igitambara

gikanye. Gushingura imfungurwa mu nkono ifundikiye. Tereka iyo nkono mu yindi

nkono iyisumvya ubunini irimwo amazi gushika ku ca kabiri cayo (½). Iyo nkono iri muri iyo yindi izoguma ikanye.

? Iyo bahejeje gutekera ibifungurwa vyasigaye vyoheza bikabikwa hehe?Umwiriza ivyiyumviro vy’abapfasoni. Ongerako n’ibindi vyiyyumviro batashitseko:o Gushira ibifungurwa vyasigaye mu gitutu, kugira ntivyakirwe.o Kubishingura mu kibanza gikonje hari n’akayaga.o Kubishingura hejuru ku meza canke ku gahimbi kugira ntibikore hasi.o Yo bikenewe, kuremeka ibuye hejuru ku mufundikizo kugira umuyaga

ntuwukureko.

Umwimenyerezo (si itegeko kuwukora): Gushira inkono-mu-nkono hakoreshejwe indobo canke inkono z’ibumba.

Sigura mu ncamake umwimenyerezo w’Inkono-mu- Nkono”.22 Ku bapfasoni bifuza gushingura imboga, ivyamwa canke ibifungurwa vyasigaye ngo bigume bikanye. Inkono-mu-Nkono birafasha cane cane iyo hashushe canke igihe c’izuba – Vyoshobora gukora nka hose mu gihugu c’Uburundi.

Hazokenerwa ibikurikira: Inkono zibiri zikozwe mw’ibumba

ariko zitangana. Intoyi yinjize muri nini.

Ibifungurwa canke ibinyobwa biri mu nkono ntoyi ifukishijwe igitambara gitose.

22Vyatohojwe na Mohammed Bah Abba wo mu gihugu ca Nijeriya.

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Umwanya uri hagati y’izo nkono zibiri wujujwemwo umusenyi ukanye kandi wama ukanye uko nyene.

Mu gihugu ca Nijeriya aho abarimyi-borozi bakoresha ubwo buryo mu gushingura umwimbu wabo, inyanya zishobora kumara imisi mirongo ibiri n’umwe zishinguye aho kumara iminsi ibiri canke itatu iyo bazirekeye ahandi hasanzwe.

12. Gucaca –iminota 10



13. Gutomora –iminota 5

Bafashe gutora inyishu ku madidane yabo. Ni haba hari umugore yishuye neza impungenge z’uwundi mugore, ni umushimire kandi uhimirize abandi bagore ngo bazirikane umuti yashikirije.


1. Saba Abavyeyi ba Tubaramure gushikiriza abandi inyigisho baronkejwe uyu musi bakoresheje impapuro zibiri za mbere z’iki cigwa zo mu gitabo c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho. Bakwiye kubwira uwundi mugore ari mu Mugwi Tubaramure bakoresheje bwa buhinga bwo kwigisha.

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6. Bose bahejeje, ice yishura ibibazo abo bavyeyi boba bafise ku bijanye n’ibikoresho, canke n’icigwa c’uyu musi.




Nk’akarorero: Haciye amasaha atatu nzoca nsesa umusururu zoba wasigaye. Nzoshusha umusururu wasigaye imbere yo kuwugaburira umwana. Nzokubaka agasenge ko kwanikirako ibikoresho vyo ku meza.

16. Gusuzuma ─ iminota 15

Baza umuvyeyi umwe umwe wese kubijanye n’ inama yigira.

? Ku cigwa giheruka wari wigiriye iyihe nama?

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? Washoboye gushika ku ngingo wari wigiriye? ? Gute? Ni ibihe bikorwa waranguye?

o Hoba hari umuntu (umushingantahe wawe, nyogokurur canke umwana) atakorohereje canke yakubujije gukurikiza ingingo wigiriye?

o Ni izihe ntambamyi (abantu, ibishika mu buzima, canke ibikorwa) zashikiye ubuzima bwawe zatumye ingingo wifatiye zidashoboka?

Hari ico washoboye kugira ngo utorere inyishu izo ngorane?

Mu guheraheza baza umuvyeyi umwe umwe wese kubijanye n’uko yigenjeje dufatiye ku nama yari yigira mu ndwi zibiri ziheze:

Haciye igihe kingana iki ujanye umwana wawe guhabwa umuti w’inzoka? Niba ufise imbanyi, woba warahawe utunini tw’inzoka? Woba usanzwe ugira iki kugira ukingire umuryango wawe kwandura

inzoka?

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Kuva ku cigwa ca 1 gushika ku c’7: Imbere yo gukora ikibazo n’inyuma yacoIbibazo bibiri bijanye na buri cigwa bishikirijwe ngaho musi. Imbere n’inyuma yo kwigisha ibi vyigwa ku bakozi no ku bigisha, tanga akabazo ko guherezako kugira ngo urabe urugero batahuyeko. Ku baronse ibice 75% canke batabikwije (boba bafise n’iburiburi inyishu icenda z’ukuri), ongera ubahe izindi nyigisho kugira ngo ubafashe gutahura ivyigishijwe. Abigisha nabo ntibogerageza kwigisha abandi mu gihe nabo nyene boba batarashobora kuronka 75% canke kubirenza.

1. Ni kuri ikihe kiringo umwana yohabwa umusururu ubwa mbere? Ku mezi ____________

2. Iyo umwana afise hagati y’amezi 6 n’ 9 umuvyeyi yohera ku kumwonsa canke yobanza akamugaburira hanyuma agahereza ku kumwonsa?

________________________________________

3. Umuvyeyi yokonsa mwana wiwe afise hagati y’amezi 6 na 12 kangahe?

a. Umuvyeyi yohagarika kwonsa umwana ashikanye amezi 6b. Kwonsa umwana igihe cose arisavyec. Umuvyeyi yokonsa incuro zine ku munsi imbere yo gufungurira

umwana d. Umuvyeyi yokonsa incuro zibiri ku munsi

4. Vuga ibifungurwa bine bidatetse umuvyeyi yohereza umwana wiwe mu gihe (ashaka kumunezereza gusa) kitari ico gufungura.

a. ___________________b. ___________________c. ___________________d. ___________________

5. Ugereranije, umwana ari hagati y’amezi 12 na 23 yoba akeneye ibirahuri bingahe ku kiringo cose co gufungura?

a. Hafi y’ikirahuri c’ Agasabasaba kimweb. Igice c’ikirahuri c’Agasabasabac. Uduyiko dutatu gusad. Gufungurira umwana imfungurwa nyinshi zishoboka gusa

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6. Vuga ibifungurwa vy’imizi n’ibirungo bikenewe kongerwa mu mfungurwa z’umwana wo mu Burundi. Mu cigwa cakozwe ku bituma haba ugufungura nabi, izo mfungurwa basanze zifasha cane mu gutuma umwana akurana amagara meza.

a. ________________________________________

b. ________________________________________

7. Kugira umusururu usose, umuvyeyi yowongerawo iki? Vuga ibifungurwa bibiri.

a. ________________________________________

b. ________________________________________

8. Ku bana bafise hagati y’amezi 6 na 24, hokoreshwa uturahuri tw’Agasabasaba tw’ifu ya CSB tungahe? _______

9. Mu bifungurwa bikurikira, ni ikihe kirusha ibindi vyose vitamin A ? Utore kimwe gusa kitarenga.

a. Amababi y’imyumbatib. Imyembec. Amakarotid. Irengarenga

10. Vuga ikimenyetso cibonekeza iyo umwana afise vitamine A idakwiye.

11. Umwana arengeje umwaka umwe yohabwa umuti w’inzoka ku kiringo ikihe? Rimwe mu mezi ________________

12. Vuga uburyo bubiri umuvyeyi yokoresha kugira akingire umwana wiwe kwandura inzoka.

a. ________________________________________

b. _________________________________________

13. Ni ibihe bintu bitatu bitera imfungurwa zasigaye kononekara? Tora inyishu nziza.

a. Isazi, ubushuhe be no kubika umusururu igihe kirekireb. isukari,ubuki n’umunyuc. isazi, imicafu itera indwarad. imbeba, isukari be no gushingura umusururur ifihe kirekire

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14. Vuga ibintu bibiri umuvyeyi yogira ngo akingire imfungurwa zasigaye kononekara.

a. ________________________________________

b. _________________________________________

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Kuva ku cigwa ca 1 gushika ku c’7: Inyishu z’ibibazo vy’imbere n’inyuma y’inyigisho

1. Ni kuri ikihe kiringo umwana yohabwa umusururu ubwa mbere? Ku mezi atandatu

2. Iyo umwana afise hagati y’amezi 6 n’ 9 umuvyeyi yohera ku kumwonsa canke yobanza akamugaburira hanyuma agahereza ku kumwonsa? Kumwonsa nivyo bitangura hanyuma hagakurikira kumufungurira

3. Umuvyeyi yokonsa mwana wiwe afise hagati y’amezi 6 na 12 kangahe? b. Kwonsa umwana igihe cose abisavye

4. Vuga ibifungurwa bine bidatetse umuvyeyi yohereza umwana wiwe mu gihe kitari ico gufungura.

Ibifungurwa bine muri uru rutonde, ivyo ari vyo vyose ni inyishu nziza: inyanya, imyembe, amapera, ibipapayi, imihwi, imabungo, inanasi, imicungwe, amavoka, imyumbati, irigi, ibiraya, ikaroti, n’imyungu, amata y’ivyamwa, canke umukate. N’ibindi bifungurwa bimenyerewe mu Burundi bishobora kuba inyishu ku kibazo. Ariko rero, imfungurwa abantu basanzwe bafungura mu muryango ntizemewe

5. Ugereranije, umwana ari hagati y’amezi 12 na 23 yoba akeneye ibirahuri bingahe ku kiringo cose co gufungura?

a. Hafi y’ikirahuri c’ Agasabasaba kimwe

6. Vuga ibifungurwa vy’imizi n’ibirungo bikenewe kongerwa mu mfungurwa z’umwana wo mu Burundi. Mu cigwa cakozwe ku bituma haba ugufungura nabi, izo mfungurwa basanze zifasha cane mu gutuma umwana akurana amagara meza.

a. Imyumbati

b. umunyu

7. Kugira umusururu usose, umuvyeyi yowongeramwo iki? Vuga ibifungurwa bibiri.

Ibintu bibiri ivyo ari vyo vyose mu bikurikira ni inyishu nziza:

a. Ivyamwa (ivyo ari vyo vyose)b. Imihwic. Isukarid. Ubuki

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8. Ku bana bafise hagati y’amezi 6 na 24, hokoreshwa uturahuri tw’Agasabasaba tw’ifu ya Tubaramure CSB tungahe? Kamwe

9. Mu bifungurwa bikurikira, ni ikihe kirusha ibindi vyose vitamin A ? Utore kimwe gusa kitarenga.

c. Ikaroti

10. Vuga ikimenyetso cibonekeza iyo umwana afise vitamine A idakwiye. Ni imwe canke zose mu nyishu zikurikira

Ntabona mw’ijoro Kugwaragurika

11. Umwana arengeje umwaka umwe yohabwa umuti w’inzoka ku kiringo ikihe? Rimwe mu mezi atandatu

12. Vuga uburyo bubiri umuvyeyi yokoresha kugira akingire umwana wiwe kwandura inzoka.

Inyishu zibiri izo ari zo zose muzikurikira: Kwambara ibirato (canke kubagurira ibirato) Gukaraba mu ntoke inyuma yo kuva mu kazu ka sugumwe (canke

gukarabisha umwana mu ntoke) Gushira imicafu yose n’umwanda mu kuru mu musarani Kuronga ivyamwa n’imboga imbere yo kubifungura canke kubitegura

13. Ni ibihe bintu bitatu bitera imfungurwa zasigaye kononekara? Tora inyishu nziza.

a. Isazi,ubushuhe be no kubika umusururu igihe kirekire

14. Vuga ibintu bibiri umuvyeyi yogira ngo akingire imfungurwa zasigaye kwononekara. Inyishu zibiri izo ari zo zose mu zikurikira ni nyazo:

Gufundikira ibifungurwa Gutimbisha ibifungurwa vyasigaye Kupfundikira ibifungurwa vyasigaye igitambara gitose

Kwigiza imfungurwa kure y’insazi

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essential nutrition, hygiene, and care practices during...

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