^ETEPMHHOJIOrH3AUH» B COBPEMEHHblX

CJIABHHCKHX JBLIKAX

E K A T E P M H A 00/10 P

HeSbiBajibie TeMnw pa3BHTHS HayKH h TexHHKH b X X Beice cn oco6cTBOBajiH o 6oram eHHio HayHHO-TexHHHecKoro cjioBapa coBpevieHHbix jl3mkob 3HaHHTejibHbiM

KOJIHHeCTBOM HOBbIX CJIOB. B CBH3H C B03paCTaK>IHHM H3 rO/ia B rOfl KOJIHHeCTBOM

HayHHO-TexHHHecKoií TepMHHOJiorHH Bcé ocTpee BCTaBan Bonpoc o eé CTanaapTH-

3aUHH, O HéTKOM pa3rpaHHieHHH TepMHHOJIOrHH pa3HHHHbIX HayK, 06 yCTpaHeHHH

Ay6jieTOB, HenéTKHX HanMeHOBaHHH h t . jx. B s th x uejiax bo m hothx CTpaHax Gmjih

co3zianbi Me>KxiynapoflHbie h iiauHonajibiibie TepMHHOJiorHHecKHe KOMHTeTbi h komhc-

chh, 6biJiH ynpeacfleHbi cnennajibHbie nepHO/uraecKHe opraHbi. K an n3BecTHo, cy-

mecTByeT MeotcdympodHan opzanusaifun no cmandapminaifuu ( « International Organization f o r Standardization » — I S O ) , b cocTaBe KOTopoñ HMeeTC» cne-

UHajibHaa komhcchh no TexHHHecKoíí TepMHHOJiorHH. B 1940 r. PyMbiHCKaa

AKaaeM H « npHCTynmia k yHHcJmjcauHH h CTan/iapTimiiHH HayHHOH h TexHHHe-

ckoh TepMHHOJiorHH. C 1949 rofla 3thm h BonpocaMH CTajiH 3aHHMaTbCH chctc-

MaraHecKH: Asociatia inginerilor si tehnicienilor din Romania (A S I T ) ( « 06uiecTBO

HHxeHepoB H TexHHKOB PyM biHHH») h Comisia de stat pentru standartizare (rocyaapcTB eH H afl komhcchh n o CTaiiAaprHsauHH)

B 1958 r o s y , Ha I V MraKAyHapoflHOM cbes^e anaBHCTOB b MocKBe, Gbijia ynpexc-

AeHa MeMcdynapodiia.H mepMWioAozmecKan komuccuh («3biK0Be,nHecKa5i cekipra) KaK

opraH M o K fly iia p o A n o ro KOMHTeTa cjiaBHCTOB. B 1963 ro/iy OTMeTHJia r o a CBoero

cymecTBOBaHHii CesKOslovensKci ustfední terminologicKÚ Komisie. FIpoGjieviaMH CTan-

AapTH3anHH TepMHHOJiorHH 3aHHMaeTca P o Is k í Kom itet Normalizacyjny. Kom hcchh

H KOMHTeTbi no CTaHiiapTH3aUHH HayHHO-TeXHHHeCKOH TepMHHOJIOrHH HMeiOTCH B

CoBeTCKQM CoK)3e 2 h a p y rn x CTpaHax.

1 Cm. D . M a c r e a, Terminologia stiintificá f i lehnicà in limba romàna contemporanà, «Cer- cetàri de lingvisticà», (Cluj), X I, nr. 1, 1966.

2 Cm. n . B. B e c e j i o B , B. H. C h p o t a, CmaHÒapmu3aiiun mexmmcKoù mepMuuoMZiiuo C CC P, ««tm iojiOTCwecKHe HayKH»; 1967,N° 5.

124 EKATEPHHA 4>OAOP 2

B H e x o c jio B a K H M B o n p o c b i T ep M H H O J io rm i o c B e w a j iH c b H a c T p a H H iia x »c y p H a jia

SlovensKé odborné názvoslovie. C 1962 ro.ua 3Ty 4>yHKHHK> cTaji BbinojiHflTb acypHaji CesKOsbvensKy term ino logicK y casopis. PasjiHHHbie a cn e K T b i T e p M H H O J io rm e c K o ií

JieKCHKH o c B e m a to x c a h b a p y r a x nepH O flH H ecK H X H3/iaHHax M exoc jiO B a icH H h b / ipy-

THX CTpaHaX.

TepM HHOjiorna CTajia npeflMeTOM cnenHajiLHtix coBemaHHH h KomJjepeHUHñ b HauHOHajibHOM h MesK^yHapo^HOM M acniTa6e. HanpHM ep, b 1959 r o ^ y b C obctckom CoK>3e 6biJio npoBeneHo Bcecoio3Hoe coBemaHHe, nocBflujeHHoe BonpocaM pa3pa- 6o tk h oómecTBeHHo-nojiHTHHecKoií, HayHHo-TexHHnecKOH, yyeGiio-nejiarorm iecKOH H JlHHrBHCTHHeCKOH TepMHHOJIOrHH 1.

^B e KOHíjjepeHiiHM no BonpocaM repMHHonorHH HMejia m ccto b 1967 ro fly b M ocKBe h J len w irpa jie . H a m ockobckoh KOHcjjepeHHHH paccMaxpHBajiHCb npo- 6jieMbi rocyaapcTBeirnoH cTaHflapTk3aiiHH HayHiio-TexHHMecKoü, njiaHOBO-yHeTHOH H 3KOHOMHHCCKOH TepMHHOJIOrHH, Ha BTOpOH — JieHHHrpaflCKOH — o6ey3KflajIHCb jiHHrBHCTHTCCKHe n p o 6jieMbi HayHHO-TexHHHecKoíí TepMHHOJIOrHH. B pa 6oTe jichhh- rpaflCKoií KOH(})epeHHHH npHHHJiH aKTHBHoe ynacxHe jiHHTBHCTbi PyMbiHHH, 4 ex o - CJioBaKHH, r/JP h BbexHaMa. M oKAyHapoflHbie KOH(J)epeHHHH h coBemanHíi hmcjih MecTO b ü p a re , B ejirpaae , BapmaBe h /ipyrnx ro p o a a x .

T a K H M 0 6 p a 3 0 M , n p o 6 j ie M a T ep M H H a h TepM H H O JIO rH H c r a j i a o a h o h H3 aKTyanb- Hbix n p o 6 j ie M eoB peM eH H O C TH . 3 a K 0 H 0 M ep e H h H H T e p e c , n p oaB J ia eM b iH jiHHTBHCTaM H

k a aH H O M y B o n p o c y 2.

CnpaBeflJiHBO 3aMewaeT atcaa. B. B. BnnorpaaoB , h to «h c to p h h TepMHHOJIOrHH— 3 to r ipo6jieM a He to jtk k o HauHOHajibHo-HCTopHHecKaa, ho h HHTepHauHOHajibHaa, n p o 6jieMa h c to p h h m hpoboh HayKH h n p o 6jieM a h c to p h h HejiOBenecKHX HHBHjnm- HHÍÍ, HCTOpHH KyjIbTypHblX B3aHM0,HeHCTBHH H rpynnHpOBOK HapOflOB 3» .

Haywnasi jiHHrBHCTHieoKaa jiHTepaTypa n o Bonpocy TepMHHa h TepMHHOJIOrHH b cjiaBHHCKHX »3biKax HacHHTbiBaeT 6onb inoe hhcjio CTaTeií h M0H0rpa4>HHecKHX HccjieaoBaHHií h MO>KeT CTaTb npejiMeTOM OT/iejibiioro 6H6jiHorpa<j)HHecKoro M3aa- hhh. EcTecTBeHHo, OHa He MoaceT CTaTb npe/iMeTOM BcecTopoHHero paccMOTpeHHH b paMKax OTflejibHOTO c o o 6m enna. 3 t o 06yc.Ji0BJieH0 Taicace h TeM, h to tcm oh AaHHoro c o o 6m enna sBjiaeTCK aeTepMHHOJiorH3aiíHH c jiob b cjiaBSHCKHX asbiKax. T eo p n a TepMHHa b né.vt 6y^eT H3jiO)KeHa b to m oSbéM e, b KaxoM s t o HeoSxoflHMO fljia BbiacHeHHH yKa3aHHoro rrpouecca.

★

1 Cm. c6. CTaTeíi B otipom mepMUHOAOZuu, MocKBa, 1961.2 y Hac b CTpaHe BonpocaM TepMHHOJIOrHH Taicace yaejiacTca 6onbinoe BHHMamie. Cm.

HanpHMep, N. A . U r s u, Formarea terminologiei.piintifice romünefti, Bucurcsti, 1962; D . M a c r e a, Terminología .piin [ificá f i tehnicá in limba románá contemporaná, «Cercetári de lingvisticá», Cluj, XI, nr. 1, 1966; b e r a r t e Maicp» npHBOflHTCfl SoraTaa 6n6/morpa(J)Ha pa6oT no TepM HH0Ji0- rH iecK oil JieKCHKe. B 1956 ro/iy 6bijia nanaTa noflroxoBKa 17-T0MH0r0 TexHHHecKoro cnoBapa Lexiconul tehnic román, nepBoe H3flanne KOToporo 6bijio noflroTOBJieHO b 1949 — 1955 ro¿iy. H oB oe m m u u e Sy^eT coflepacaTb o k o jio 130.000 chob-tcpm hhob (n o cpaBHeHHio c 48.763 — nep- BOrO H3flaHHfl).

3 B. B. B H H o r p a f l O B , Bcmynume.ibnoe caobo, c6. «Bonpocbi mepMUHoMeuu», MocKBa, 1961, CTp. 7.

3 flETEPMMHO;iOrH3Amia B C/IABHHCKHX A3MKAX 125

B MexocjioBaKHH Ha TepMHHOjiornnecKyK) jieKcmcy oòpaTHjiH BHHMaHHe npezi- CTaBHTejiH Ilpa oK C K oeo m m zeucm uuecK ozo xpyoKKa, 3aHHMaBiHHeca BonpocaMH (J)yHK- UHOHajibHBix cTHJTeñ jiHTepaTypHoro H3biKa1.

IloHHTHe TepMHHa nocTeneHHO yTOHHajiocb b Tpyaax B. TaBpaneKa, JI. K oneu - Koro, A . Eæjihhkh, K . C oxop a , ü . rop em coro ,A . B. McaHeHKO, K . r a y 3eH6jiaca h M HorHX a p y r n x nemcKHX h cjiOBauicHX jihh tbhctob . H a nepBbiH njiaH Bbi/iBnrajiHCfc> t o OOTH, t o Ä p yn ie xapaKTepH bie o co ôch h oc th TepMHHa. HanpHMep, i l . FopenKHH b CBoeñ MOHorpacJwH ZàKlady sio vensxej term inologie2 yHHTbiBaeT pa3JiHHHbie acneK- Tbl TepMHHa, KaK : e ro MOTHBHpOBaHHOCTb, CHCTeMaTHHHOCTb, CTaÖHJlbHOCTb, OflHO- 3HaHHOCTb, e ro napoAHbiH h MexcflyHapoÆHbiH xapaKTep h /ip. K . Tay3eH6jiac b paöoT e K specificKÿm rysum odborné term inologie3 BbijiejiaeT zi Be ocHOBHbie c|)yHKHHH TepMHHa: (J)yHKUHio H/ieHTHc|)HKauHH (n o o th ou ich h io k 03HanaeM0My hbjichhk») h (J)yHKUHK) JlHCTHHKTHBHyiO (pa3JIH4HTejIbHyK> nO OTHOUieHHK) K OCTajlbHblM Tep- MHHaM aaHHOÌi o 6jiacTH).

B ojib inaa paöoT a no H3y iieHHK) TepMHHOjiorHHecKOH jickchkh BeaeTca b C ob c t- ckom C oK )3e. B 30-e ro flb i b cbh3H c noaroTOBKOH cjiOBapa coBpeMeHHOH iiaywno- TeXHHHeCKOH TepMHHOJIOrHH r . O . BHHOKyp OTMeTHJI HHTepeCHbie HBJieHHH B OÒJiaCTH CJI0B006pa30BaHHH pyCCKOH TeXHHHeCKOÌi TepMHHOJIOrHH, KOTOpbie 6bIJlH HM onn- caHbi b CTaTbe O neKomopux Hejiem nx e pyccKoü mexnunecKoü mepMUHOAOZUU4, ocHOBHbie noJioaceHHH KOTopoìi He yTpaTHJiH CBoeH arryajibHOCTH h b HauiH ahh, ,E(OKa3aTejibCTBOM neMy cjiyacaT MHoroHHCJieHHbie cch jikh Ha ^aHHyio p aôoTy b COBpeMeHHblX JIHHrBHCTHHeCKHX HCCJieflOBaHHHX no TepMHHOJIOrHH.

TexHH>iecKaH TepMHHOJiorna 6bijia npoaHajiH3HpoBaHa b pa/ie CTaTen f l . C. JIoTTe, o 6be/iHHeHHbix BnocjieflCTBHH b KHHre n o # 3arjiaBHeM O c m e u n ocm p oen u n

n a y m o -m e x H m e c K o ü m e p M im o A o z m (MocKBa, 1961), h b paôoTax A. M. Tepnn- ropeBa 5. n o m hchhio J\. C . JIoTTe, TepMHH aojiateH yaoBJieTBopaTb TpeM ochob- HblM TpeGoBaHHHM: 1) OH flOJIXCeH ÔbITb TOMeH H KpaTOK; 2) He 3aBHCeTb OT KOH-TeKCTa ; 3) aôcojiioTHO h oTHocHTejibHo 0ÆH03Ha4eH.

E o jiee uiHpoKHe Tpe6oBaHHa TepMHHy npeabHBJiaeT A. A. Pe(j)opMaTCKHH6, KOTOpblH CHHTaeT, HTO B Hfleajie TepMHH flOJiaceH 6bITb MaKCHMajIbHO aÖCTpaKTHblM, 0AH03HaHHbIM, CTOSTb BHe SKCnpeCCHH, 6bITb MeW/iyHapOflHblM H MeaCflya3bI4HbIM, JIOrHHeCKHM H CHCTeMaTHHeCKHM.

TpeÒOBaHHa MOHOCCMHH h SKCnpeCCHBHO-CTHJIHCTHHeCKOH HeHTpaJIbHOCTH TepMHHa BbiflBHraioTca b p aôoTax h a p y rn x cobctckhx jiHHrBHCTOB 7.

1 Cm. K. K o c o u r e k , Termin a jeho definice, C eskoslovenskÿ term inogickÿ casopis,1965, JSfe 1, CTp. 1 — 25.

2 J. H o r e c k ÿ , ZàKlady slovensKej terminologie, B ratislava, 1956 h iip .3 K . H a u s e n b l a s , K s p e c if ic i m rysùm odborné terminologie, c6. Problémy marxisticKé

jazyKo vSdv, Praha, 1962.4 «T p y f lb l MoCKOBCKOrO HHCTHTyTa HCTOpHH, (J>HJIOCO(j>HH h J iH TepaTypbi», t . V. CòopiiuK

cmameù no H3biK03uanuio, M ocK B a, 1939, CTp. 3 — 54.5 Cm., HanpHMep, A . M . T e p n n r o p e B , PyKoeodcmeo no paipaóomxe u ynopndonenwo

hayHHo-mexnuHecKoü mepMimoAoeuu, MocKBa, 1952.6 A. A. P e < j ) o p M a T C K H i t , JIumeucmuuecKue e o n p o c u nepeeoda , «HHOCTpaHHbie H3bi-

KH b inKOJie», 1 9 5 2 ,Ms 6, CTp. 20 ; e r o »ce , Beedenue e H3biK03WHue, MocKBa, 1952, CTp. 80; r o * e, H m o m a n o e m ep.uuH u m epM um /ioeu H ?, c6. Bonpocbi m epM uuo jioeuu , c ip . 46 — 54.

7 Cm., HanpHMep, C. M . B y p æ h h, O mepMUHo.ioamecKoù j,WKcuKe, «H aynubie flOK.iaabi Bbicrneñ iukojiw , <I>HJioJiorHHecKHe HayKH», 1958,JNe 4.

126 EKATEPHHA OOflOP 4

rio-pa3HOMy p e iu a e T c a B o n p o c 06 och obho íí 4>yHKUHH TepMHHa. H an p H M ep , r . O. BHHOKyp BblfleJiaeT HOMHHaTHBHyiO (JjyHKLIHK) TepMHHa KaK OCHOBHyiO 1. B. B. BHHorpaflOB CHHTaeT och obho íí 4>ynKUHeii TepMHHa iiecfiHiiHTHBHyio 2.

ÍIpoÓJieMbi cjiaBHHCKOM TepMHHOJiorHH ocBemaioTCH b paöoTax jih h fbh c tob BojirapHH 3, IIojibiuH 4, lOrocjiaBHH5, TepMaHCKOH fleMOKpaTHHecKOH PecnyßjiHKH 6 h apyrnx cTpaH.

^ a a ce n p n ö e r j io M o ö s o p e HayHHOH jiH T ep aT yp w n o B o n p o cy TepMHHa h T ep -MHHOJIOrHH CT3H0BHTCH OMCBHflHblM (J)aKT, HTO TepMHHbl — 3TO OCOÓbIH pa3pfl4 CJIOB Kaac/ioro H3bIKa, KOTOpblH CBOeft CymHOCTbK), CneUH(})HKOH CBOerO (JjyHKHHOHH- poBaHHa OTJiHHaeTca o t pa3pa.ua HeTepMHHOJiorHMecKOH jickchkh. IIpH BceM pa3- jihhhh b onpe/iejieHHHX TepMHHa HMeioTca h toh kh conpHKOCHOBeHHa: «b jih jo tch 06menpH3HaHIIbIMH nOJlOaceHHH 06 0,HH03HaHH0CTH, CHCTeMaTHHHOCTH, HeSKCnpeC- CHBHOCTH 7 TepMHHa B paMKaX TepMHHOJTOrHHeCKOH MHKpOCHCTeMbI HJ1H TepMHHO- jiorH necKoro n o jia (n o TepMHHOJiorHH A . A . Pe(J)opMaTCKoro).

H e K acaacb B o n p o ca o to m , KaKHe nepTbi h (j)yHKu,HH TepMHHa c jie a y e T CHHTaTb

rjiaBHbiMH, a KaKHe BTopocreneH H biM H , n o K O TopoM y cym ecT B y io T 3HaMHTejibHbie pacxojKfleHHfl b coBpeMeHHoii HayMnoñ jiHTepaType, HaM 6bi xoTejiocb ocraHOBHTbca Ha B on p o ce o chctcm hom xapaK Tepe TepMHHOJiorHH, acneKTe, n p e a c ra B jia io m e M o coôb iH HHTepec b n jiaH e H36panH oñ HaMH TeM bi.

HeKOTopbie HccjieflOBaTeJiH, KaK, HanpHMep, c o b c tc k h h jth h tb h c t JI. A . K an a - Hafl3e 8 paccM aTpH BaiO T TepMHHOnorHio KaK «HCHHCJiHMyw h 3aMKHyTyio CHCTeMy», «6e3pa3JiHM nyK>» k anaxpoH H H . T aK jih s t o ?

TepMHH ceMaHTHHecKH napaflHTMaTHMeH, t o ecTb b KaacflOH t epMHHOjiorHH oh COOTHeceH c TeMH HJIH HHblMH nOHHTHHMH 9. AHajtOrHHHyiO TOHKy 3peilHH BbICKa3bI- BaeT h JI. A . KanaHax[3e c to h jiHuib p a3HHueH, m to , n o e ro m h c h h k ), «TepMHH He Ha3biBaeT noHHTHe, KaK oôbiHHoe cjiobo, a noHHTHe eMy npHnncbiBaeTca, KaK 6bi npHKJiaflbiBaeTca k H e M y »10.

1 r. O. B H H O K y p , ym 3. pa6 CTp. 5 — 6.2 B. B. B H H o r p a f l O B , PyccKuü m3mk, MocKBa, 1947, CTp. 12 — 13; Cm. TaKHce K . A .

J l e B K O B C s a a , Teopun CAoea, npuuifunbi ee nocmpoeuun u acneKmbi u3ynenun AeKcuuecKoeo MamepuaAa, MocKBa, 1962, CTp. 196 — 197; JI. A . K a n a h a a 3 e, O nonnmunx «m epM un» u « mepMUHOAOzux» , c6. Pa3sumue ackcuku coepeMeHHOzo pyccKOZo nsbwa, MocKBa, 1965, CTp. 81.

3 M . M o c k o b, Hoeama npou3eodcmeeHa u oôiifecmseHO-nyÔAUifUcmuuHa AeKcuKa, « E h - rapcKH C3HK», 1957, kh. 2; e r o * e, CoifuaAucmimecKume npeo6pa3oeamin y Hac u peuHUKbm na óbAzapcKUH esine, «EtJirapcKH 63HK», 1964, kh. 4 — 5; ü . O h ji k o b a, 3a hhkou ana.tozumiu nepmu e abkcukoahuh pa3eoü na pycKu u óbAzapcKu e3UK npe3 zodunume na coimaAucmimecKomo cmpoume.ìcmeo, «Bxjirapcitn c3hk», 1964, kh. 1; E. E a n e B C K a , HaÔAiodenun ebpxy o6pa3yeauemo na mexHunecKu mep.MUitu e hoacku, pycnu u ÓbAzapcKu e3UK, «E w irap cm e3HK», 1966, kh. 2 n’ flpy- rae.

4 M . S z y m c z a k , Uwagi slowotwórczo-semantyczne o polsKim wspólczesnym slownictwie technicznym, «P o ra d n ik jç z y k o w y » , 1961, nr. 6; M . M a z u r , Terminologìa techniczna, W a rszaw a ,1961 h flp.

6 Cm. cöophhkh PomorsKi zborniK, I — II, Z agreb , 1962 h C.memicKa AUHzeucmuma mep- MUHOAOZUH, Coij)HH, 1963.

6 C m c6. CAasHHCKa Aunzaucmumia mepMunoAozun h up.7 MHeHHe P. r . ÜHOTpOBCKOrO O TOM, HTO TepMHH o6 jia flaeT OnpeflCJTCHIIOH CTHJTHCTHHeC-

Koii OKpacKOH, He pa3ÄejiHCTCH jiHHrBHCTaMH. Cm. K sonpocy 06 u3ynenuu mepMUHa, «y n e n w e 3anMCKH JleHHHrp. yHHBepcMrera», t . 161, 1952.

8 Cm. JI. A . K a n a h a « 3 e, O noimmunx « mepMum u «mepMwtoAozun», CTp. 78 — 79.9 Cm. A . A . P e (|) o p m a t c k h h, Hmo matcoe mepuiui u mepMunoAozuH? CTp. 51.

10 JI. A . K a n a h a a 3 e, O no/mmunx «mepMUH» u « mepMunoAozun» , crp . 78.

5 flETEPMHHOJIOrH3AUHÄ B CJ1ABHHCKHX JJ3BIKAX 127

IIOHHTHH, KaK H3BCCTHO, He OCXajOXCa HeH3MeHHbIMH. « . . . HejlOBeHeCKHe nOHfl- t h s He HenoflBH>KHbi, a bch h o ABH»cyTca, — nncaji B. H. H em m b «<J>hjioco4)ckhx xexpa/jax», — nepexoflHT 0flH0 b flp yroe , 6e3 a x o ro o h h He oxpaacaiox »chboh acH3HH»*. Pa3 M eH H ioTca noHHTHH, MeuaeTCfl h coaepxcaHHe TepMHHOB, KOTopbie COOTHOCHXCH C flaHHblMH riOHHTHHMH. CjieflOBaxejIbHO, TepMHHbl He 6e3pa3JTHH!IbI

k anaxpoHHH, a TepMHHOJiorHHecKaa MHKpocHcreMa He M owex 6biTb 3aKpbixoii MHKpOCHCTeMOH.

Hejib3a OTpHHaTb npaBOMepHOCTH caMoro MeTO^a H3yneHHH TepMHHOJiorHH KaK onpe/iejieHHoíi MHKpocHcxeMbi. flajibHeñmee pa3BHxne h coBepmeHCTBOBaHHe CTpyKTypHoro MeTOfla CHHxpoHHoro HccjieaoBaiiHa ceMaHTHKH c jio b , BnepBbie npeflJioaceHHoe ft . TpnpoM 2, upeacTaBJiaeT HecoMHeHHbrä naynubrä HHTepec3. O^HaKO npHMenaTb TeopHio ceManTH^ecKoro nojia Í Í . Tpnpa m o * h o jinrnb b onpeaeJieHHbix rpaimuax. ripaB Ct. YjibMaH, KOTopbrä CHHxaex, h to 3Ta Teopna «npHMeHHMa xojibKO k TeM C(J)epaM onbiTa, sneivieHTbi KOTopbix CTporo CHCxeMaxH- 3wpoBaHbi; n p n onncaHHH MeHee CHCxeMaxH3HpoBaHHbix cxpyKxyp xeopna ceMaH- XHHecKoro nojia 0Ka3biBaeTca Henpnr0,HH0H»4. CjieaoBaxejibHO, xeopHio ceMaH- THnecKoro nona m o »ch o npHMeraxb h k xepMHHOJiorHHecKoü JieKCHKe, CHCTeMHbiH xapaKTep Koxopoii HHKeM He ocnapHBaexca. Bbi3biBaex B03pa»eime jinrnb nojio- aceHHe o 3aMKHyxoM xapaKxepe xepMHH0Ji0rHHecK0H MHKpocHcxeMbi. Meacay xep- MHHaMH h HexepMHHaMH cymecxByex xecHaa B3aHMocBa3b. TepMHuojrorHHecKaa jieKCHKa cjiaBHHCKHX a3biKOB nocxoaHHO nonojiiiaexca 3a cnex HexepMHHOJioriiHe- ckoh . npouecc flexepMHHOjiorH3auHH, t o ecTb Bbixoa xepMHHa 3a rpaimubi xepMHHO- jiorHHecKoft MHKpocHcxeMbi, b c b o k ) oMepeflb, cnoco6cxßyex o6orameHHK) oGmero cjroBapa Kaacfloro cJiaBaHCKoro a3biKa, pacrnnpaex ero Bbipa3nxejibiibie B03M05K- h o c th . f l j ia coBpeMeHHoro pa3BHXHa cjiOBapa cnaBaHCKHx a3biKOB xapaKxepHo Bce öojibmee crupauHe rpaH H M ea m y TepMHHOJiorHHecKHMH h HexepMHHOJioraHecKHMH cjiOBaMH. TaKHM 06pa30M, xepMHHbi He o6pa3yiox oco6oii CHCTeMbi, He CBa3aHHoit c jieKCHHecKoii cHcxeMOH b uejroM. HanpoTHB, o h h aBjiaioxca ee nacxbio. riosxoM y HaM Kaacexca öojiee yMecxHbiM ynoTpeßjieirae xepMHHa «xepMHHOJiorHiecKaa mh-

KpocHCTeMa», a He «xepMHHOJiorHMecKaa CHCxeMa». IlepBbiH yKa3biBaex öojiee nexKO Ha HepapxHK) o x h o h ic h h h Meacjiy MaKpocHcxeMoii h MHKpocHexeMoii. Ka*aaa oöjiacxb HayKH h xcx h h k h HMeex c b o io xepMHHOJiorHHecKyio MHKpocHcxeMy, 3Jie- MeHXbl KOTOpOÍÍ MOryT ÖblTb KaK CXpOXO HHflHBH/iyajIbHbIMH, npHCyiHHMH JIHlüb aaHHOH MHKpocHcxeMe, TaK h oö lu h m h AJia uejioro pa^a zipyrux HayK: cp. pyc. Heümpajtmaifux ynoxpeöjiaexca h b xh m h h h b jiHHrBHCXHKe; cp. xaKace lieui. neutra- lisace, nojibCK. n eu tra liza c ja ; 6onx. HeympaAU3auun h x. fl.

OflHaKO noHaxne oxKpbixocxn xepMHHOJioxHnecKHX MHKpocHcxeM He cjie/iyex a 6cojiioxH 3HpoBaxb. B kb-'m^ oü H3 hhx ecxb CBoe aap o , Koxopoe öo jiee ycxoäHHBO no OXHOHieHHK) K BHeuiHHM B03fleHCXBHaM. 3 x 0 xepMHHbi, nocxynilb ie riOHHMaHHK)

1 B. H. JI e h h h, 0u.toco(ßcKue mempadu, C oh ., t . 38, H3jj. 4-oe, CTp. 249.2 Cm. J. T r i e r , D er deutsche Wortschatz im Sinnbezirn des Verstandes, H eidelberg , 1931;

e r o ace, Das Sprachliche Feld. Eine Auseinandersetzung, «N e u e Jahrbücher fü r W issenschaft und Jugendb ildung», JN° 10, 1934.

3 Cm. C t . Y j i j> m a h, ffecKpunmußnan ceMaumma u jiunzeucmmecmR munojiozun, c6. «H oB oe b jiHHrBHCTHKe», Bbin. II, M ., 1962, CTp. 20; A . A . y m m ii e b a, Onbim K’iyMenuH m k - cuku kok cucmeMbi, M ., 1962, CTp. 29.

4 C t . Y j i i M a H , y/caa. pa6 ., CTp. 20 — 21.

123 EKATEPHHA <î>OHOP 6

y3Koro Kpyra cneuHajincTOB. M x ynoTpeGjieHHe b HeTepMHHOJiorHHecKHx kohtck- CTax SbiBaeT cT p o ro MOTHBHpoBaHHbiM, a s to b cb o io onepejib orpaHHHHBaeT bo3- m o ä h o c th hx nepeoMbicjieHHa.

Ecjih npH3HaTb 3a TepMHHOJiorHaecKoii mhkpochctcmoh ee 3aKpbrrbrii xapaKTep, TO TeM CaMbIM CJieayeT HCKJIIOHHTb H3 Hee H COHHOJIHHrBHCTHHeCKHH acneKT. H3- BecTHO, HTO SKCTpajiHHrBHCTHHecKHe (|)aKTopbi H3 jieKCHKH h ceMaHTHKH ceHHac He HCKjnoHaioT .naace Te, k to hcxoaht h3 HanGojiee a6cTpaKTHoro npeacraBJieHHa o H3biKe KaK cHCTeMe. npHMenaTejibHO b 3tom othouichhh mhchhc JlyH EjibMCJieBa : «E cjih mu xothm æojihchhm o6pa30M 0xapaKTepH30BaTb ceMaHTHnecKHH y 3yc, npHHHTbIH B KaKOM-JIHÔO H3BIKOBOM KOJIJieKTHBe H npHHa/yieacaiHHH K onncbiBae- MOMy HaMH H3biKy, 3TO cjieÆyeT aenaTb oTHioflb He c noMombio <})H3HMecKoro onn- caHHH o3HanaeMbix Bemeii; nanpoTHB, s to moîkho BbinojiHHTb, jiHuib npHGerayB K KOJIJieKTHBHbIM OIieHKaM, npHHHTbIM B flaHHOM KOJIJieKTHBe, TO eCTb K COUHaJIb- HOMy MHeHHK). CeMaHTHHecKoe onHcaHHe aojiacHo cocToaTb npeacae Beerò b cGjih- HCeHHH C flpyrHMH COUHajIbHbIMH HHCTHTyTaMH, HMeHHO B 3TOH TOHKe JIHHTBHCTHKa conpHKacaeTca c ApyrHMH OTpacjiaMH couHajibHoii aHTponojiorHH» 1.

Y n e T 3KCTpaJIHHrBHCTHHeCKHX (¡jaKTOpOB B CeMaCHOJIOTHHeCKHX HCCJieaOBaHHHX

HBJiaeTca He TOJibKo »cejiaTejibH b iM , h o h o6a3aTejibH b iM . C ^ b h th b TepMHHOJiorn-

HeCKOH MHKpOCHCTeMe CTaHOBHTCH nOHHTHblMH, eCJIH HX paCCMaTpHBaTb Liepe3 npH 3M y pa3BHTHH OÔmeCTBa. Pa3BHTHe HOBbIX OTpaCJieii 3HaHHH, COBepmeHCTBO- BaHHe c ym e cT B y io m n x o T p a c jie ii HayKH h tc x h h k h T p e ö y io T co3aaH H a h obm x TepM H -

HOB. H an p H M ep , b c jioB a p e p y c c K o ro H3biKa 3a nocjie flH H e flBa aecaTHJieTHa n o a -

BHjiHCb HOBbie cjiOBa, Ha3biBaiom H e HOBbie HayKH, K aK : acmpozeozpacßu.H, ôu o ife n o - a o z u h , ô u o K u ô e p u e m m a , M e3 0M em eopoA ozu n , n a jieopeH zem jiozu H , paduoKOCMOAOZun, pea m iM a m oA ozu H , M em a M a m eM a m u K a 2 h a p . ; h jih HOBbie M aT ep n a jib i KaK: cikoh , z ocßpoH, M3poH, M3AOH, cm aAA h a p y rn e 3.

TepMHHOJiorHHecKHit cjiOBapb cjiaBHHCKHX 5I3MKOB nocTosHHo oöoramaeTca. H o b t o ace BpeMa TepMHHOJiorHnecKaa jieKCHKa aBjiaeTca oähhm h3 aKTHBHbix hcto ihhkob nonojiHeHHa HeTepMHHOJiorHHecKoro cjioBapa. TaKHM 06pa30M ocy- mecTBJiaeTca nocToaHHbiH KOHTaKT Meacay TepMHHOJiorHnecKHMH h HeTepMHHO- JIOrH>ieCKHMH MHKpOCHCTeMaMH. 3 tH flByCTOpOHHHe CBa3H 060ramai0T KOHTaKTH- pyiom ne MHKpocHCTeMbi. H o b t o ace BpeMa HHor\aa npHBOflaT h k HapyiueHHio OCHOBHbIX XapaKTepHCTHK OnpefleJieHHOH HaCTH TepMHHOB TOH HJIH HHOH TepMHHO- JIOrH^eCKOH MHKpOCHCTeMbI, KaK: MOHOCeMHa, OTCyTCTBHe CHHOHHMHH H T. a. H a 3TOM OCHOBaHHH fleJiaeTCH BblBOfl O TOM, HTO OCHOBHbie CeMaCHOJIOrHKeCKHe xapaK- TepHCTHKH TepMHHOB cymecTByioT KaK Beflymaa TeHfleHuna h Hmcorria He peajiH- 3yioTca 4.

Bee Jin ceMacHOJiorHHecKHe xapaKTepHCTHKH TepMHHOB cymecTByioT KaK Be- Æymaa TenaeHHHa h He peajiH3yioTca nojiHOCTbio hjih jiHuib HeKOTopbie H3 hhx, 3a-

TparHBaeT jih aaHHbiii nponecc bcio Maccy TepMHHOB onpeaejieHHOH TepMHHOJiorn- HecKoii noflCHCTeMbi hjih TOJibKO KaKyio-To nacTb, 3TO aBJieHHe HaGjiioflaeTca bo Bcex TepMHHOJiorHnecKHX noflCHCTeMax hjih JiHuib b Tex, KOTopbie b Gojibiuen Mepe,

1 JI. E j i t M C J i e B , Mo3kho au CHumamb, umo iiianeiiun caos oopaiymm cmpyKmypy, c6. «HOBOe B JIHHTBHCTHKe», T. Ii, CTp. 133.

2 Cm. K.A. J I o r H H O B a , Hayaame Hoeux uayK, «PyccKaa p e a » , 1967, Ns. 4, CTp. 50 — 51.3 Cm. «PyccKaa penb», 1967, JNa. 1, CTp. 88.4 C m . «PyccKaa penb», 1967, JNe.5.

? flETEPMMHOJIOrH3AUHÍI B CJIABflHCKHX ÎI3WKAX 129

qeM f lp y r a e , H cnojib3yioTCH b HeTepMHHOJiorHHecKHX KOHTeKCTax? Bot necKOJibKO B on pocoB , KO Topbie rp e ó y jo T flon o jiH H T e ji b hm x o tb c t o b . H an p H M ep , ro B o p a T o noJiHceMHH TepMHHa. B nepByro onepe/ib c jiea y eT BbiacHHTb, K aK oro p o ;ia no jiH - c eM H » HMeeTCH b BMfly. E c jih penb H fler 06 ynoTpeöJieHHH o f l i io r o h t o t o * e T ep ­MHHa B pa3JIHHHbIX OTpaCJIHX HayKH H TeXHHKH, TO 3TO Ö yfleT CKOpee HCCBflOnOJTH- ceMHH, a He n o jraceM H a b o ó h h h o m inaH ennn s t o t o c jioB a. F lo jiH ceM na ace TepMHHa B paM KaX OflHOH TepMHHOJIOTHHeCKOH MHKpOCHCTeMbI — JIBJieilHe flOBOJlbHO pefl- Koe. T o »ce caM oe cjie/tyeT CKa3aTb h o chh oh h m h h .

c&yHKUHOHHpoBaHHe TepMHHOB 3a npefle jiaM H TepMHHOJiorHHecKHX m h k p o c h -

CTeM c B « 3aHO c H ap y m e H H e M «TepMHHOJIOTHHeCKOH H o p M b i» , K O T o p o e M oaceT HOCHTb

yCTOH TOBblH HJIH CH TyaTHBHblH X a p a K T e p . i l p o u e c c OTKJIOHeHHK «TepM H HOJlOrH -

M ecK oií H o p M b i» p a ccM a T p H B ae T C H a B T o p o M KaK « B J ie iin e d em ep M w oA o zu 3a iiuu . ,H,eTepMHHOJTOrH3aijHH — s t o He TOJibKo n a p y m e H H e ceM acH O JiorH H ecK H X x a p a K T e -

pHCTHK T ep M H H a, HO H CTpyKTypHblX 1.ÜBJieHHe fleTepM H H O Jiorroa iiH H c jio b h 3 b c c th o b cjiaBaHCKHX H3biKax flaBHO.

H h tc h c h b h o ziaHnbiH n pou ecc n p o x o flH ji b n ep n o fl iia n ó o ite e TecHbix KOHTaKTOB MeaCfly HayHHO-TeXHHHeCKHMH H flpyrH M H CTHJIHMH JIHTepaTypHblX CJiaBHHCKHX a3biKOB. A 3TO b CBOK) o n ep e flb S b ijio oôycjiOBJiCHo 6ypHbiM pa3BHTHeM o n p eae jieH -

Hbix O T pacjie ií HayKH h tc x h h k h . H an p H M ep , b P o c c h h n a n S o jie e cnubiib iM G bijio B03fleHCTBHe H3biKa HayKH n a 4)p a 3e o n o r io jiHTepaTypHOH pewn b 60-e ro flb i X I X B eKa2, K o r fla h h tc h c h b h o pa3BHBajiHCb TOHiiwe HayKH h ecTecTB03HaHHe h noBbi- CHJICM K HHM HHTepeC CO CTOpOHbl pa3JlHMHbIX lipeflCTaBHTejieH p y cc K o ro oGmeCTBa.

H a y n iia a TepMHHOJiorHa n on a fla eT b nyôjiHUHCTHicy h xyfloacecTBeHHbie npoH3Be- jieHHH. O flH aK o HHTeHCHBHOCTb n o n o ju ien n a c jioB ap a K aacfloro c jiaBaH CKoro a3biKa TepMHHOJiorHHecKoií jieKCHKOH o n p e íie jia jía cb o ô h jh m pa3BHTHeM o ö m ecT ß a h

cneHH(j)HKOH p a 3BHTHH c a M o ro H3biKa. CnaBHHCKaa TepMHHOJiorHHecKaa (h b uc/iom aöcTpaK TH aa ) JieKCHKa H eo flH opo flH a n o CBoeMy cocTaBy. B pyccKOÍi TepMHHOJio- THHecKOH JieKCHKe HyBCTByeTCH nepKOBHOcjiaBaHCKoe b Jinanne, b H em cKoií, cJioBau-

KOH, CJIOBeHCKOH H CepÔOJiyXHHKOH — HeMCHKOe BJIHaHHe, B ÒOJirapCKOH — p yc -

CKOe BJIHHHHe H T . fl. 3.H cnonb30B aH H e TcpM H nojiorH H ecKon jick ch kh b nncbM ennoM h p a 3T0B0pH 0H

peHH BHe TepMHHOJTOrHHeCKOH MHKpOCHCTeMbI CTaJIO OÖbIHHbIM HBJieHHeM B CJiaBHH-

ckh x H3biKax b HauiH flin t. 3aKOHOMepHOCTb flaH H oro n p o n ecca oneBHflHa h He Tpe-

6yeT flon o jiH H T ejib H b ix pa3bacnenHH.B cecT op oH H ee H3yneHHe. fleTepM HHOJiorroanHH cjiOB-TepMHHOB aBJiaeTca o flH o ii

H3 3aflaM coB peM eH H oro cjiaBHHCKoro a3biK03HaHHa. B paM Kax K aac floro CjiaBaHCKoro 33bIKa OHO H3yLreHO HepaBHOMepHO. BoiIbUlHHCTBO HCCJieflOBaHHH n o TepMHHOJTOrn-

HecKoii JieKCHKe fla iO T o HeM o 6m,ee npeflCTaBJieHHe 4. H o h Te p a ö o i bi, r f le f la m io e

1 Cp. Jl. A . !C a n a il a fl 3 e, icoiopbiii b CTaTbe BiauModeiicmoue mepMUHOAOZimecKoü u

oóufeynompeóume.ibnoù jieacuKU (c6. Pa 3sumue askcuku cospeueunozo pyccKozo H3biKCi, MocKBa, 1965) onpe;iejiiicT iieTepMnno.rio rn ia u m o KaK ccMacnonorniiecKoe aB.ieime (cTp. 91 — 93).

2 Cm .K ). C. C o p o K K H , Pa 33umue cjwsapmzo cocmaea pyccKozo Aumepamypnozo nibiKCi 30 — 90-e zodbi X I X eeKa, M ocraa — JlciiHHrpan 1965, CTp. 352 — 353.

3 Cm. A . B. M c a h e h k o , K eonpocy o cmpykmypHoìi rnuno.iozuu cjioeapnozo cocmaea caohuh- ckux jiumepamypubix nibmoe, CTp. 337.

4 Cm., HanpHMep, J. H o r e c k ÿ , y Kasan, paôoma; K ) . C. C o p o k h h, YKaian. paôoma; n . <ï> h ji k o b a, 3a HHKOU anaAOZMHU uepmu e .ICKCUKÎI UUL'1 pa38oü na pycKii u ôb. ¡eapch.it cntK npi'3 soduHiime na coifuaAucmmecKomo cmpoume.icmeo, «BtJirapcKH c3hk», 1964,.Ni? 1 h npyn ie.

9-1457

130 EKATEPMHA <SOAOP 8

H3bIKOBOe flBJieHHe CTOHT B U eH T pe BHHMaHHS MCCJieZIOBaTejlH1, He HCMCpnblBaEOT

B oero M H oroo6pa3H H npoGneM aTHKH, B03HHKaiomeH n p n e r o H3yneHHH, o c o 6 c h h o , b c o n o c T a B H T e n b H O M n jia H e .

Kaic yK as i.m a jiocb Bbim e, fleTepM HH0H0rH3aHHa paccM aTpH B aeTca aB TopoM ^aHHOH p a 6 oT b i KaK C TpyKTypH oe h ceMaHTMHCCKoe H3MeHeHHe TepMHHa.

r iep e x o a T ep M H H a b H eTepM HHOJiorHHecKM H k o h t c k c t H e p e A K o c0 n p 0 B 0 5 K .u a-

eTCfl HSMCHenHJiMH cTpyKTypHoro xapaKTepa: TepMHH, npeACTaBjisnomHH c o 6 oii CJioxHyio b CTpyKTypHOM o t h o u i c h h h e^HiiHiiy, npeBpamaeTca b npocTyio . B ceMaH- THMecKOM nuaHe nponcxoAHT ynHBepSaiiHH 2 h j i h ceMaHTHHecKaa KOHACHcauHH, t o

ecTb K o n u eiiT p aH H H e ro 3HaneHH5i b o a h o m cjioBe. H anpnM ep, TepMHH «deuzameAb eHympennezo czopanun» b cjiaBHHCKHX JBbiKax j i b . i j i c t c h KOMnjieKCHMM 06pa30Ba- HHeM : cp. yKp. deuzyn enympiuiHbozo 3Zopamn, 6onr. deuzameA c ebmpewno zopene, exp. Momop c yuympewrouM cazopeeaweM, noubCK. siln ix spalinowy, Merit, motor spalo vati h ap. BHe TepMHHOJiorHHecKOH MHKpocHCTeMbi o h name Bcero yn oTpe6 - jiaeTCH b cjiaBHHCKHX H 3biK ax KaK npocToe 06pa30BaHHe. I Io A o 6 H oro po/ia « k o h -

jieH caTbi» He CjJMUhhhu b cjiaBHHCKHx a ibiKax. C p ., HanpHMep, b nonbCKOM.

„N iec h m i pani p ow ie , co to jest s iln ik “ (S t. G rodzieriska , Spotkanie ze m nq, W a rs za w a , 1966, CTp. 15). X o t h b aaH H C M k o h t c k c t c pe^b h a c t 06 aBT0M06njib- h o m M 0T0pe, a a a K O T o p o r o b n o jib C K O M H3biKe cym ecTByeT KOMnjieKCHoe H a-

3BaHHe silniK sam ochodowy, b n e ie p M M iiojtorM H ecK O M KOHTeKCTe onpeAejieHHe sam ochodow y o n y c K a e ic M . I lp H CTpyKTypHOH peayKm-iii TepMHHa MoaceT onycKa- TbCH KaK o n p e ^ e j iH io m e e , TaK h onpeflenseM oe c j i o b o : cp. pyc. peaKmmmiu <

peaKmueHbiu caMOAèm h A p .

B u p o u e c c e C T p yK T yp H O H p eayK U H H h y iiM B e p S au H H K O M njieK CH bix TepM H H O -

JIOrHHeCKHX HaHM eHOBaHHH B HeTepMHHOJTOrHMeCKHX KOHTeKCTaX p e a jIH 3 y e T C a o a h h

H3 Ba>KHeHLUHX npH H H H nOB pa3BH TH H JieKCHKH — npH H H H n 3KOHOMHH. 3jIJIH nCH C

O AH o r o H3 3JieM eH T0B T ep M H H a — 3 T 0 , B n e p B y K ) o w c p c .lb , c|)aKT peH H . O A H aK O H e

M ajioM H CneH H bi c j i y iia n , K o r/ra h 3 4>aKTa p e iin o h n p c B p a i i ia j ic j i b (¡taicT a s b i K a 3.

H e T e p M H H O J io rm e c K H H k o h tck c t m chhct h A e p n B a iin o iin b r e otu o llic iih h T e p ­

M H H a. K o M n jie K C H o e T e p M H u o jio rH M e c K o e H a3B aH H e, n o n a a a a b o G n x o A H y io p e i b ,

iio/iBcpraeTCii c T p y K T y p H O - c e M a m hmcckomy c a c a r a i o n o c y m e c T B y t o m e i i b H 3biKe

c n 0 B 0 0 6 p a 3 0 B a T e jib H 0 H M OAeJiH . Cp. c o B p . c j io B a u . tryskac — « peaK T H B H biìi

ca M O J ie T » H3 trysKové letadìo, fra n cu z — « ((rp an u y3 C K n e K JieuiH » H3 francuszké klieste ; n ó i < tokarsky n ó i ; pyccK . cmanoK <moKapHbiu emano«; n o jib C K . mmrofo- niarz < operator microfonu h t . a -

1 Cm., HanpHMep, B. H . I l p o x o p o b a, Cneifiia ibiian mepMunojiozun e coepeMenHOM pyc- ckom AumepamypHOM n itm e, «P y c c r a f l iBbJKBHiKone», 1962,JNfs 3; V . B u d o v i c o v à , SemanticKé principy odbornej terminologie, «te s k o s lo v e n sk y te rm in o log ick y casop is », 1963, nr. 4 ; O . M a n , Termin a kontextové vztàhy, «£eskoslovensk;y te rm in o log ick y ca so p is », 1965, nr. 2; ZA. S ochovà , Nénteré novirny v soucasné slovnt zasobé, « N ase ree », 1965, nr. 4 a flp.

2 Cm. A . B. H c a i e H K O , K eonpocy o cmpyKmypHoü muno/iozuu cAoeapmzo cocmaea cao- 6HHCKUX Aumepamypubix H3biKoe, CTp. 340; L . H o r a l i k , O univerbizaci a homonymii z hledisKa principu economie, «C esk os loven sk ä rusistika », 1967, nr. 3.

3 E hjto 6bi omn6oHHbiM cMHiaxb, mto yKa'jan hbic « bìicumìi ocymecTB.riijioTca uh ira. b npouecce fleTepMHH0J10rH3aUHH. T cH/IGIIUHÌI 3aMeHH JCOMnJieKCHblX HaHMeHOBaHHH npocTtiM H hjih CJI05KHHMH CJiOBaMH xapaKTepHa h /jjih npouecca Tep,MHii0Ji0i 006pa30Bannii. Pa iiiH na coctoht .numb b t o m , mto npn «eTepMHH0Ji0rH3aiiHH flaHHaa TcnacimM>i «BJiaeTca BCiiymeü.

9 flETEPMHHOJIOrraAmi.» B CJIABJIHCKHX -H3HKAX 131

OyHKUHOHHpoBaHHe cji0B006pa30BaTejibHbix ranoB b paMKax onpeflejieHHoií TepM H H onorH H ecKoñ MHKpocHCTeMbi onpeflejiaeTCH o 6 meñ TeHfleHUHeíi TepMHHa K CHCTeMaTHHHOCTH. TeH/ieHUHfl K CHCTCMaTHHHOCTH npOHBJIHeTCH B TOM, HTO CJIOBO- 06pa30BaTeJibHbie THnbi b hcm (j)yHKUHOHHpyK)T HecKOJibKO HHane, weM 3a npe/ie- JI3MH TepMHHOJIOrHHeCKOH MHKpOCHCTeMbl. HanpHMep, B pyCCKOM H3bIKe TepMHHbl rnnpe Hcnojib3yioTCH b KanecTBe np0H3B0/iHmHx o ch o b , hcm HeTepMHHbi: cp . b TepMHHOJiorHH B03M0>KHbi 06pa30BaHHH rana najibmofíbiü, nAambeeoü, He c b o í íc t - BeHHbie HeTepMHH0Ji0rHHecK0My cnoBaprox.

B 06pa30BaHHH TepMHHOB Kaacfloro cjiaBHHCKoro asbiKa HMeioroi cboh o c o -

6eHHOCTH, KOTopbie onpe/iejmoToi cnenH<j)HKOH e ro CTpyKTypbi b iiejioM. H an p H ­Mep, KOMnjieKCHMM Ha3BaHH5ÍM OflHOH TepMHHOJIOrHHeCKOH MHKpOCHCTeMbl OflHOrO H3biKa MoryT c00TBeTCTB0BaTb cyc|)c|)HKcanbHbie oSpasoBaiiHH pHfla flpyrax, cp. pyc. dbixameAbHoe zopAO, n em . prüdusnice, cxp. dyuinm, no jibcic. tchawica h t. a. H o eo3- mokhh h napajuiejiH: cp. pyccK. cepuan KucAoma, nem . sirová Kyselina, cxp. cyMncpm KuceAuna, 6ojir. csip/ta xuceAuna, nojibCK. Kwas siarczany h t. a.

KoM njieK CH blM HJIH npec])HKCaJIbHbIM TepMHHOJIOrHHeCKHM 06pa30BaHHHM

o flH o ro 33biKa M o ry T cooTBeTCTBOBaTb KOMnjieKCHbie h npecjiHKcajibHbie o6p a3 0 - BaHH« b f lp y r n x cjiaBHHCKHX H3biKax. C p . p yc . nodcmanifun, n em . transformacní stanice, h o cxp . nomijenmpaAa, nojibCK. podstacja, 6 o j ir . nodifeiimpaAa; p yc . CAoeo- o6pa3oeauue, hclu . tvorení slov, c xp . zpatyeue peuu, nojibCK. tworzenie slów, 6 o n r , CAoeoo6pa3yeane h t . a . n p H M ep b i r io flo G n o ro po.ua cooTBeTCTBHií b CjiaBHHCKHX

H3biKax He eflHHHHHbi. K a K noKa3biBaeT BbiuienpHBefleHHbiH M aT ep n a ji, c jioB oo S p a - 30BaTejibHbie M O íiejiH t epMHHO jiorH H o / in oro CjiaBHHCKoro H3biKa He B cer^ a H/ieti- THHHbl C.ri0B006pa30BaTCJIbHbI\f MOJ1CJ1HM f lp y r o r o . BBHfly HepaBHOMepHOCTH cooTBeTCTBHH ycTaHOBHTb o iipex iejiennyK> 3aKOHOMepHOCTb CTpyKTypHbix n a p a jm e - jieñ b o6 jia cT H cjiaBHHCKoií nayHHoií h TexHHHecKoií TepMHHOJiorHH ito h th neB03-

MOXCHO.

OaKTHHecKHH MaTepHan He no^TBepamaeT h BbiflBHHyTbiü A. B. McaneHKO Te3HC O TOM, HTO B njiaHe CTpyKTypHOH THnOJIOrHH pyCCKHÍÍ H HeiUCKHH H3bIKH npefl- CTaBjimoT co6oh /ib a npoTHBonojioKHbix THna: c>KaTbiM, cy4>(J)HKcajibHbiM 06pa30- BaHHHM HeuicKoro H3biKa THna zeleznice, hledisno, bránice npoTHBOCTOHT pyccKHe KOMnneKCHbie naMMenoBaima THna otceAesmn dopoza, m om a 3penun, zpydodpiowiia/i npeepada. TaK, HanpHMep, pyccKOMy TepMHH0Ji0rHHecK0My KOMruieKCHOMy 06pa30- BaHHK) CO CJIOBOM mOHKCl B MCIliCKOM H3bIKC MO»CeT COOTBeTCTBOBaTb TaiOKe KOM-njieKCHoe HaHMeHOBaHHe: cp. pyc. m om a onopu, nem. opérny bod. H, Hao6opoT, 6onee 3KOHOMHHM cjio>KHbiM cjioBaM — TepMHHaM pyccKoro asbiKa MoryT np0THB0- CTOHTb KOMnjieKCHbie HaHMeHOBaHHH B flpyrax CjiaBHHCKHX 513bIKaX (CM. BblH ie). Cjie/ioBarejibiio, KapTHHa cootbctctbhh cTpyKTypHbix ranoB b CjiaBHHCKHX 5i3biKax B o6jiaCTH TepMHHOJIOrHH HBJTMCTCH flOBOJIbHO CJI05KH0H. KaXCflblH CJiaBHHCKHH fl3biK HMeeT h KOMnjieKCHbie h npocTbie HaHMeHOBaHHH TepMHHOB. B oahhx cjiynaHx, KaK Mbl BHflejIH, KOMnjieKCHOCTH HaHMeHOBaHHH OflHOrO H3bIKa MOaceT npOTHBO- CTOHTb OKaTOCTb HaHMeHOBaHHH /ipyroro, B ApyrHX cjiywanx saMeqaeTCH oSpaTHoe HBjieHHe, b TpeTbHX — B03M0>Keii napanJiejiH3M. BHe TepMHHOJIOrHHeCKOH mhkpochc- TeMbi aKTHBHo jjeHCTByeT TenxieimHH k KpaTKocTH, cacaTOCTH TepMHHa. B cnocoSax

1 Cm. B. IT. A a h h n e h k o, Kük co3daiomc;i mepMUHbi, «PyccKaa p e ib », 1967,Ms 2, CTp. 62-63.

132 EKATEPMHA OOflOP 10

peajiH3auHH 3Toft TeHAeHUHH b coBpeMeHiibix cjiaBHHCKHX H3biKax 3aMenaK)TCH o 6lUHe MepTbl. <l>yHKUHOHHpOBaHHe TepMHHa B HeTepMHHOJIOrHMeCKHX KOHTeKCTaX n03B0JiaeT Gojiee nocjieAOBaTejibHO BbiHBHTb HAeHTHMHbie cTpyKTypHbie o6pa3o- BaHHH B CJiaBHHCKHX 5I3bIKaX, MeM B TepMHHOJIOrHMeCKHX MHKpOCHCTeMaX. TepMHHO- jiorHHecKaa jieKCHKa He Tojibxo HcnbiTbiBaeT bjihhhhc co CTopoHbi cjioBoo6pa30Ba- Te^bHbix MOflejieft HeTepMHHOJiorHMecKoft jickcmkh, ho h cjiy>kht nepe/iKo MOAejifcK) AJIH 06pa30BaiIHH HOBbIX CJIOB, BblCTynaiOIHHX B HeTepMHHOJIOrHMeCKHX KOHTeK- CTax, cp. pyccK. ucKyccmeo3name ( «H e f le j is » , 1967, JNTe 30) no anajiorHH k ecm- ecmeo3nanue h A p . ; cfniAoco(fieMa («/Jenb n o 33HH», JleHHHrpaa, 1965, CTp. 245) no anajiorHH k AeKceMa, (fioneua, m t . ji. ; nojibCK. oKKa3HOHajibHoe remonentn o aHajio- THH K TepMHHOJIOrHHeCKHM 06pa30BaHHHM C SJieMeHTOM -ent H T. A-

K o h tc k c t onpe/jejiaer h cc[iepy jieKCHHecKoft coMeTaeMOCTH TepMHHa. A s t o b cbok) OMepe^b Be,n,eT k pa3pyuieHHK> m ohoccm hh TepMHHa. PacuiHpeHHe ccjiepbi JieKCHMeCKOH COMeTaeMOCTH TepMHHa MOXCeT HOC n ib CHTyaTHBHblH (oKKaSHOHajIbHblil) h jih ycTOHMHBbiii (o 6menpHHHTbifi) xapaKTep. Cp. pyc. 'muifenmp rp jm ym efi tcxhm- MecKOH peBOJiiouHH («3naM H », 1967, N ° 9, CTp. 148); ABHaceHHe no cjiy>Ke6iioH opöume («M s b c c th ji» , Ns 196, 1966); ho Baa 3 cküaciiiuh b oh h h ( « H 3BecTH5i » , Ns 154, 1966); UHcßAMfUH nirraTHMKOB («H e/ je jia », 1967, «Nb 39, CTp. 15 ); yxp . BMHTejibcbKa dimaariiH («PaAflHCbKa ocB iTa», 1967, Ne 8 3 ); (ßnazMcw. ocB ira ft Hayioi («P aA au b - cbKa ocß iTa », 1967, Ns 8 2 ); pa6oTHHMHft eeKcenb («PanJuicbica YKpaiH a», 1967, Ns 2 3 3 ); 6o jir . 3CKajiai\un b >KecT0K0c r r a («OTeMecTBeH <|)poHT», 1967, Ns 7172 ); MupHunm u/aö («H a po/ in a M jiaAeac» 1967, Ns 30) Mein, parametru d o b r a i z l a : stereotip p ra c o v n ih o d n e ( «N a s e re e », 1965, Ns 4 ), fem eslo s ty lu („ Im p u ls “ 1967, Ns 8) ; nojibCK. atomowa b a b a r y b a (S t. G rod zien ska , Spotkanie ze mnc[, c rp . 17) H AP-

TaKH M 06pa30M , p a c in n p a a ccfiepy jieKCHMecKoft CoMeTaeMOCTH, TepMHH cTaHO- BHTCH nOJIHCeMaHTHMHblM. Pa3BHTHe nOJIHCeMHH nOBblHiaeT SKCnpeCCHBHOCTb T ep ­MHHa. B xyaoxecT B eH H o ft jiH T ep aT yp e, b o G h x o a h o h p en n TepMHH CTaHOBHTCH o a - hhm H3 3(J)(lDeKTHBHbix cpeACTB SKcnpeccHBHOCTH. TepM H H H cno jib3yeTca KaK cpeA - CTBO C03AaHHH KOMHMeCKHX CHTyailHH, peHeBblX XapaKTepHCTHK, 3KCnpeCCHBHOCTH nyÖAHUHCTHMecKoro c th ji j i , KaK cpeACTBo co3AaH na nosTHMecKHX Tpon oB , KajiaM Öy- p oß h t . A- HanpuMep, y coBpeM eH H oft nojibCKoft m icaTejibHHUbi C t . rpoA3eH bCK oft HafiACM TaK y io cueHKy, rA e r e p o n n » cA aeT 3K3aMen Ha n o jiy ie iiH e BOAitTejibCKiix n paB :

— Niech, mi pani powie, co to jest silnik ?— Mistrz w wadze ciQzkiej — powiedzialam.— Izo la c ja ?— Osobny poköj.— H am u lec ?— Czlowiek zle wyehowany.— Lozysko ?— Duzy tapezan.— Gaznik ?— Pijak.— Dynamo ?— Moskiewska druzyna futbolowa.— Karter?

11 ílETEPMMHOJIOrH3AUMfl B CJIABÍIHCKHX H3HKAX 133

— Nalogowy gracz w brydza.— C h lo d n ic a ?

— Taka zupa.— P ia s ta ?— Rzepicha.— Wysokie napiçcie ?— Zawieszenie firanek w Paiacu Kultury.— K abel?— Ten, którego zabil brat Ain.Egzaminator powiedzial, ze mam jeszcze pewne braki, ale ze na ogól re-

prezentujç przeciçtny poziom warszawskiego kierowcy amatora“ (St. Grodzieiiska, Spotkanie ze mnq, cTp. 15).

H j ih , H a n p H M e p , b n o B e c T H M . TpeK O B O H « H a H cn b rra H H a x » ( «H o b m íí M H p»,

1967, N° 7) npHBOflHTca cjieayKnnH H /inajTor :— TeTKHH, b HeM a e j io ? — cn p ocH jia aceHinnHa.

— n ep e ica T co;iep>KM M oro, — c bh/ihmi.im yflOBOJibCTBneM o t b c t h j i T e iK H K . —

H e flon ycTH M b in nepeKaT co/iepacH M oro.

— <I)y Tbi, KaK nbiuiHO, — CKa3ajr, npncjiym aBuiH Cb, apTHjiJiepHHCKHii o(|)Hnep c

H3MoacfleHHbiM JiHuoM h 6jiecTHmHMH, HeHCTOBo-CBeTJibiMH r jia 3aMH. — «n epeK aT c o flep a cH M o ro », 3aM eTH jin, KaK j iio 6 h t Ka3eHmHHa o6p acT aT b UBexaMH KpacHO-

peMHH? (cT p . 15).O ie iib iiinpoKO TepMHHOJiornHecKa» jieKCHKa ncnojib3yeTca b sarojTOBKax

ra3eTHbix n acypnajibHbix cTaTeii KaK cpeacTBo noBbiineHHH 3KcnpeccHBiiocTH, fleñcT- BeHHon ch jih cjioBa : cp. «HdeoAoeuuecKuü 3apndv> ( 3a r0ji0B0K CTaTbH, nocBiimennoH KHHre S ioeH m Teiffla «MyßCTBO k h h o » , «H e r e j ía , 1967, Ns 33) ; «B u m a M u im ucKyc- cm ea» ( «H e le n a » , 1967, Ns 33); yKp. KoecjîinieHT KopHCHOÏ f l i ï («Y K p a ÏH a , 1967, A'b 31) ; id em a 3Ôpon m íaíohíb («K y jib T y p a i a ú rra », 1967, JMb 79) ; 6 o jir . MiipHUfim ufao («H a p o flu a MJiafleac», 1967, Ne 230) ; noeuuien zpadyc Ha aKm uem cm («H apo/ in a MJiaaeac», 1967, N° 230) n ap.

TepMHHOJiorHHecKaa JieKCHKa npe.acTaB.ncHa b c o b p c m c h h o w no33n n cjiaBHH-

CKHX CTpaH. O flH H H3 CÖOpHHKOB COBpeMeHHOrO COBeTCKOrO n 03 T a P . PoXCfleCT- B en cK oro iiasb iBaeTca «P a d u y c deücm eun». 3/iecb a<e iia x o ^ n M h e r o « C m uxu o ôuom oK ax ». H ayM iiaa TepM H u oiiorH íi H crio jibsyeTca b JiHTepaTypHbix n a p o a a a x .

C p . HanpHM ep, «T fiM cenan eod a » E p . KeacyH a, n a p o A H » Ha c t h x h M ro p a CMHpHOBa. ripHBe^eM oTpbiBOK:

B M OH x c T H x a x — noMTH Bceraa —E C T b M HOaceCTBO OTKpbITH H :

B HHX ecTb Taacejiaa Bo^a,/I,eHTepHH e c T b h t p h t h í í . . .

EcTb BOJiHbi, K aK c T a a a T e jia T ,

U H C T ep H b í, 6aH K H , KpKïKH ,

E cTb o n p e cH e H H b iií a h c t h j i j ih t ,

3 a ;ipaeH ¡ib ie jikjkh . . .

(c6. «fleHb no33HH 1965», MocKBa-JlenHHrpa/i, 1965, CTp. 245).

134 EKATEPHHA <I>OflOP 12

Cp. c t h x h yKpaHHCKoro n o3 T a M. f la H b K o :

MopajiicTn! .Hk BaM J ie r a o !

f l e ? KoMy bh He aaBajiH I peneriTM Pi eTa jioH H ?

B ia y c ix x B o p o 6 KpaMOjibHHX E 3 H a a i6 ’ « Ha n o j iH iù . . .

(«YKpaiHa», 1967, N° 26).

E o jira p cK a a n o r r e c c a J ln an a .Z^acKanoBa Ha3biBaex CBoe CTHX0 TB0 peHHe « 3jie/<m po- urna»

. .. H K0raT0 c e ra b m h j ih o h h M 3HHCJIHBaT m>THIUaTa CBeTJlHHH,

M 6 e3 rpeu iH o 6 pi>MHai ejieKTpoHHH C'BBTjpiueHH CMeTarHH ManiHHH.

(«OTeMCCTBCH (|)poiiT», 1967, N“ 767).

r ip o u e c c w B3aHMOfleìÌCTBHa TepMHHOJIOrHHeCKOÌÌ H HeTepMHHOJIOrHHeCKOH jiexcHKH b cnaBHHCKHX 5J3biKax n poT eK aeT on e iib aKTHBHO. H epe^K O cneijHajibHbiH TepMHH b TeneHHe K op o T K o ro n e p u o jia BpeMeHH naHMnaeT (JiyHKHHOHHpoBaTb b pa3JiHHHbix CTHjiax jiH T ep aT yp H oro a3biKa, n pn oG p eT a ji p ju i h obm x SHaneuHM. H a - npH M ep, b pyccKOM «3b iK e HayHHbie TepMHHbi ceucMmecKuu h ceùcM m m cm b on eiib aKTHBHO cTanH H cn0jib30BaTbca b rryojiHUHCTHHecKOM cTH jie p y c c K o ro H3biKa b 1966 r o ^ y b CBH3H c scM JieTpaceiiH eM b Tau iK eH Te ' . Ohm n p H o 6 pejiH p » a h o b h x , HeTep- MHHOJiormecKHX 3HaneHHH :

«B acH K n p e flu a raeT t o c t : «M T oG b i 6 o jib m e Tau iK eH T He T p a c jio ! » Hecepbé3HbiH t o c t . « H e ce ù cM im e cK u ù ». H j ih : « i l A ora/ iU B a iocb : t o j ik h v j io . y * e He cnHT Becb

Harn ce u cM m e cK u u c a a H K ...» (IO . 3epnaHHH0B, MeTbrpecTa mecTbflecHT nepBbiìi to j ih o k , «lOHOCTb», 1966, N° 7 )2. C KopHeM ceù cM — 06pa30BajiHCb HOBbie cjiOBa, KaK: ceùcM UKa, ceucM O O tiaem iù .

OHCHb aKTHBHO HCnOJTb3ylOTC5I B COBpeMeHHOM HeuiCKOM I[y6jTHUHCTH4eCKOM

CTHue TaKHe TepMHHbi, KaK : b ila n ce , trend , s tim u l, s te re o tip h M H orne f lp y rn e . H x 3Ha4eHHe b neTepMHHOJiornHecKHX KOHTeKCTax 3HaHHTejibHO pacuiHpHJiocb. ra 3 e T - Hbie 3aMeTKH o HOBblX HayHHblX H TeXHHHeCKHX OTKpbITHHX CnOCOÓCTByiOT He TOJIbKO nony jrapnsauH H HayHHO-TexHHHecKOH T ep M n n o jio rn n , h o h c o ìa h io t ycnoBHH jxna

fla jib H e iim e ro ee Hcn0Jib30BaHHa b neTepviHH0ji0iHiiecK0M KOHTeKCTe, paciHHpeHHio ee ceMaHTHKH. TaK, ne/iam io coo6majiocb b nojibCKofi npecce o c o 3 flaHHH b Ilonbuie nepBoro «n p o T e 3 a ce p a n a » .

« T w ó r c y p r ie rw s z e g o p o ls k ie g o „s z tu c z n e g o serca “ s k o n s tru o w a li ty m ra zem pierw szq. p o is kit , ,p ro te z § serca “ , k tó ra z p o w o d z e n ie m zd a la e g za m in w w ys-

1 r. ÌA. MHCbKeBHH, «CeùcMUKa», «PyccKaa penb», 1967, JNs 1, cjp. 85 — 87.2 T a m * e, CTp. 86.

13 ÆETEPMMH0J10rM3AUMH B CJIABHHCKMX a3bIKAX 135

cigu o ratowanie ludzkiego zycia ». Pierw sza polska „p ro te za serca“ j u i ra tu je ludzk ie zycia , «Z yc ie W arszaw y», 1967, Ne 241).

H ecoM H enH O TepMHH nojiyH H T npaBO Ha aa oH b He TOjibKO b y3KOM K p y ry cne- IlHajIHCTOB.

HoBbie 3HaneHH5i, nojiynaeMbie TepMHHOM b HeTepMHHOJiorHHecKOM KOHTeKCTe, MoryT CTaTb ÆocToaHHeM Bcex roBopauiHX Ha .nenHotvt a3biKe, a MoryT coxpanaTbca jiHiub b onpeae.ienHbrx KOHTeKCTax h CHTyauHstx. Kan npaBHjio, 0KKa3H0HajibH0e Hcnojib30BaHHe TepMHHOB name Beerò BCTpenaexca b xy,no5KecTBeHHoii JiHTepaType.

CHHTarMatHHeCKHe OTHOHieHHa TepMHHa BHe TepMHHOJlOrHHeCKOH MHKpoCH-CTeMbi 0Ka3biBai0T BJiHHHHe Ha ero ceMaHTHKy. Oôhhho BCTpenaeTca nacTHMnaa /jeceMaurmauHa TepMHHa. B hobom, HeTepMHHOJiorHHecKOM KOHTeKCTe CB»3b Tep­MHHa c ero nepBOHanajibHbiM TepMHHOJiormecKHM 3HaneHHeM ocymecTBjiaeTca He nojiHOCTbK». 3 îa CBH3b hocht ôojiee oGluhh, accouHaTHBHbiü xapaKTep. Cp. pyc. HH(j)jiHUna ifumamHUKoe h deneitcHan hh(J) .nanna, cjiyotceÔHan opÖHTa h 3eMuan op- ÔHTa h T.

Peace BCTpenaeTCH nojiHaa aeceMaHTraanna TepMHHa. B xyaoacecTBeHHOH jiHTepaType nojmaa .aeceM airnoanna Hcnojib3yeTca b onpeaejieHHbix cth jihcth - necKHX uenax — co3flaHHH komhhcckhx cHTyanHH, Hrpbi cjiob h t . r .

Cp. b nojibCKOM K3biKe :„M aray swojq. wlasnii dem ora lizacje pod wplywem cywilizacji i tego nam

nikt nie odbierze.D o mego domu destruktywny wplyw cywilizacji wcisnql siç w postaci

telewizora“ . (St. Grodzieñska, Y m sa n . npou3ß., CTp. 127).Cp. b pyccKOM H3bnce, b npoH3Be,neHHax B. AicceHOBa HaxoflHM :«M ro Mon mdyKifUH (BMecTo uHmyuifun — E. <t>.) noflCKa3biBaeT ! Ä CBoeii

undyKtfuu Bepto !» 1H a c T o e ynoTpeÖJieuHe TepMHHOB b H eTepM m ion orH liecKHX KOHTeKCTax npn-

Bo/iHT K TOMy, h to OHH npoHHO 3aKpenjiaK>Tca b cjioBape flaHHoro «3biKa. Ccjiepa hx jieKCHiecKoii coTCTaeMOCTH pacmnpaeTca. TaK, HanpHMep, MHorne TepMHHbi TOHHbix HayK, ynoTpeöJiaBuiHeca eme b X Y I I I BeKe b CTporo TepMHHOJiorHHecKHX KOHTeKCTax pyccKoro a3biKa, b X I X BeKe npHoöpeTaiOT nejibiH paß hobbix 3naneHHH h npoHHKaiOT b pa3JiHHHbie cth jih jiHTepaTypHoro a3biKa. Cp. cjiobo a m M occßepa, paH ee TepMHH (J)H3hkh, BCTpenaeTca b c jio B o c o ie ra H H a x a m M occßepa CBeTa, am ­M occßepa BeiyecTBeHHOH xh3hh, am M occßepa acHTeftcKHX oôojibineHHÎi, JiHTepaTyp- Haa am M occßepa, HpaBCTBeHHaa am M occßzpu , MeTatJ)H3H4ecKaa a m M occßepa , am M occßepa JioacHbix Hfleö, nojiHTHHecKaa am M occßepa, cBHHnoBaa nexepoyprcKaa a m M occßepa , am M occßepa pyccKoii jkh3HH h u p .2.

AHajiorHHHbie npH M epb i Hcn0Jib30BaHHa TepMHHOB MoaceM HaiÍTH h b apyrnx CJiaBaHCKHX a3bIKaX. IlponeCC B3aHMOAeÍÍCTBHa TepMHHOJIOrHHeCKHX H HCTepMHHO- JiorHHecKHx MHKpocHCTeM b coBpeMeHHbix CJiaBaHCKHX H3biKax ocymecTBJiaeTca eine 6ojiee öbicTpbiMH TeMnaMH, h to o 6bacHaeTca, b nepßyio onepeab, ycjioBHaMH COBpeMeHHOÍÍ aCH3HH. MHOrOKOHTeKCHbIMH CTaJIH B COBpeMeHHblX CJiaBaHCKHX a3bl- Kax TepMHHbi 4>h3hkh am oM h ero np0H3B0flHbie, ifennan peamjfun, ndepnan peaKifu.n

1 Cm. c5. H opM bi coaps.ueHHoeo pyccKozo A u m epa m ypn ozo cA oeoynom peö.ien u .ti, CTp. 63.2 Cm. B. B. B e c e J i H T C K K Ä , Paieumue omeienennoù mkcuku e pyccKOM Aumepamyp■

HOM H3biKe nepsoü mpemu X I X eexa, M ockbe, 1964, CTp. 95.

136 EKATEPHHA <DOflOP 14

h ap . K aac fla » oôJiacTb coBpeMeHHoñ HayKH h tcxh hkh b óo jib iueií hjih MeHbineñ Mepe nocTaBJiaeT b pa3JWHHbie c th jih coBpeMeHHbix cjiaBHHCKHX h3hkob cneuHajib- Hbie CJIOBa H Bbipa5KeHHÍI, KOTOpbie naCTO BbinOJIHHIOT pa3J!HHHbie CTHJIHCTHHeCKHe (J)yHKUHH.

Bbieodbi :

TepM H H O jiorH H ecKaa jiexcH K a 3aHHMaeT Baa<Hoe MecTO b cu oB ape coBpeivieH- Hbix CJiaBHHCKHX a3bIKOB. Hcn0JIb30BaHHe TepMHHa B HerepM HHOJIOFMWeCKOM KOH- TeKCTe c b jo s h o c n3MeneHH5!MH c T p yK T yp n o ro h ceM aH TH H ecKoro nopa flK a .

B CTpyKTypHOM njiaHe ÆeTepMHHOjiorH3am«i conpoBoac^aeTc» sjuihiichcom h H3MeHenHeM jiepHBaHHOHHbix OTHOiiieHHH TepMHHa. B ceMaHTHMecKOM njiaHe npoHC- xoAHT yHHBepßauHa, pacuiHpaeTca Kpyr 3HaneHHH TepMHHa ; TepMHH nonynaeT 3M0HHOHajibH0-3KcnpeccHBHyio Harpy3xy. CTaHOBacb oG bem oM cth jih cth kh , TepMHH noÆBepraeTCH HacTHHHOH hjih no jiH oii jieceMaHTH3aHHH.

f le T e p M H H O Jio rH 3a H H 5i H r p a e T B a * H y io pojib b npouecce p a 3B HTHH cjiaB H H C K H X S 3bIKOB H CO B ep u ie H C TB O B a H H fl HX B b ip a 3H T e jIb H b IX B03M 0 >KH0 CTeH.