European Commission Policy

on Gender and Research Thessaloniki, 13 February 2009

European Commission, DG ResearchDir. L Science, Economy and Society

Unit L.4 Scientific Culture and Gender Issues johannes.klumpers@ec.europa.e

Horizontal Unit L.1 Dionysia.lagiou@ec.europa.eu

Cooperationmio € 32,365

Cooperationmio € 32,365

Ideasmio € 7460

Ideasmio € 7460

Peoplemio € 4728

Peoplemio € 4728

Capacitiesmio € 4217

Capacitiesmio € 4217

FP7 2007-2013FP7 2007-2013FP7 2007-2013FP7 2007-2013

+ JRC (nuclear & non-nuclear) + Euratom

Infrastructures mio € 1700

SME mio € 1336

Regions mio € 126

Potential mio € 370

Science in Society

mio € 330

International mio € 185

Gender and research

More dynamic governance of the

science and society relationship

More dynamic governance of the

science and society relationship

Strengthening potentials, broadening horizons

Strengthening potentials, broadening horizons

Science and society communicate

Science and society communicate

Place of science and technology in

society

Society’s engagement on science issues

Our science system, its

professional codes, expertise

Role of the universities in the

social fabric

Young people between science education and

research careers

Two-way communication of science and the public, and

role of the media

Science in Society 3 action lines:

Sub-Parts (Action Sub-Parts (Action lines)lines)

• Broken down into Activities

• Activities give the objectives and cover a number of “Areas” (budgets defined at this level)

• Each Area covers one or more Topics along with their intended Impact

• Not all Areas are covered each year – remember there will be annual workprogrammes during the life of FP7.

• All topics open to international cooperation: one topic 1.2.2.1(European & international awareness of ethical aspects of security technologies) is particularly suited

The background

Courtesy of AMONET

Legal basis: The Treaty• The Community shall:• Art. 2: promote … equality between men and women…• Art. 3: eliminate inequalities, and to promote equality

between men and women… in all the activities [incl.R&TD]• Art. 13: the Council… may take appropriate action to

combat discrimination based on sex…• Art. 137: the Community shall support…equality between

men and women with regard to labour market opportunitiesz and treatment at work

• Art. 141: Each MS shall ensure that the principle of equal pay for male and female workers for equal work or work of equal value is applied.– The Council shall adopt measures to ensure the application of

equal opportunities and equal treatment of men and women in matters of employment.

– [To ensure] full equality in practice between men and women in working life, the principle of equal treatment shall not prevent MS from adopting measures providing specific advantages … for the underrepresented sexd to pursue a vocational activity or compensate for disadvantages in professional careers.

Why ?

• Improving scientific excellence• Increasing the number of women in Science & Engineering

How ?

• Ensuring that the gender dimension is properly addressed in EU-funded research content

• Promoting the participation of women scientists in Framework Programme activities

• Reaching out to schools to combat early stage Gender stereotypes

Specific programmes for Women in research and

technological developmentInitial Objectives

1. Women and Science Policy

Women in Science Commission Communication (1999) Political forum and Gender Watch System (40%)

Science and Society Action Plan (2000)FP6 Science and Society - Women and

Science Sector/Unit Women and Science Activities: Networking – Sex-disaggregated data

collection – Private Sector – new MS analysis and comparison of national policies, experts' advice, mentoring schemes, exchange of knowledge

Experts Groups (esp. Helsinki Group, Enwise, WIRDEM, STAT…)

2. Women and Science Policy

The Commission Working Document (SEC (2005) 370 of 11 March 2005) Excellence and innovation - Gender equality in science (2005) (25%) takes stock of achievements since 2000 and sets out priorities for the future

Council Conclusions of 18 April 2005 based on the COM WD

Gender pact (European Council, 23/24 March 2006)

Women in Science rationale

More women in science by:

• Monitoring number of Women in Science (She Figures & Gender Watch)

• Working conditions in scientific professions (WLB, Partnership for Researchers)

• Science Education (see later)• Promoting networks (EPWS) • Bringing change into research organisations

Gender mainstreaming:

• Ensuring that gender is properly taken into account when formulating research questions

• Identify research themes that would benefit from looking at gender issues

Specific actions for women in science (budget: €18 million

over 4 years)• Ambassadors of science (WomeninNano, DIVA,… )• Mentoring programmes (EUMENT-NET, Set Routes, Advance

…) • Networking: Women scientists networks in the new Member

States, European Platform of Women Scientists (EPWS)• Participation of women in specific sectors (construction,

transport, medicine…) • PROMETEA – Empowering Women Engineers Careers in

Industrial and Academic Research (incl. Greek partners)

Gender Action Plans for IP and NoE• To increase women's participation• To integrate a gender dimension in research projects

Women in Science (FP6)

FP6 - Specific Activities with the Private Sector

• Women in Industrial Research (WIR) 2003– Statistics on number of women in industial

research– Call of CEO’s from 7 companies to analyse

gender diversity as a business case

• Women in Science and Technology (WIST) 2006– Expert Group and companies– «Gender management – the business case»

report

1. Research Infrastructures

2. Research for the benefit of SMEs

3. Regions of Knowledge

4. Research Potential of Convergence Regions

5. Science in Society

6. Support to the coherent development of Research Policies

7. International Co-operation

Action Line 2: Strengthening

potential, broadening horizons

•Gender and research

•Young people and science

Women in Science (FP7 Capacities)

References to gender in Work Programmes: • Health, environment, nanotechnologies…

Possibility of gender-focused projects

At project level:• Possibility of gender equality actions in projects

(as part of a Work Package) with reporting• Responsibility of all actors in the objective of

gender equality, and implementation of gender mainstreaming

At specific programme level:• Call for proposals on specific topics for  “Women

in science” and “gender in science”

Women in Science (FP7 Capacities)

Women in Science Work Programme (2007)

• 2007: Meta-analysis on gender and research (horizontal / vertical segregation)

• Survey on positive action schemes for women in decision-making (EU, USA, Australia, Canada): PRAGES project

• Gender training / toolkit for FP7 (tender)

• Expert group “Gender and Excellence; focus on grant and funding systems, and transparency and accountability

• Expert group “Women in science and technology follow-up”:

Work-life balance and dual career Leaky pipeline - involving universities

Call for proposals: three topicsGender management in research organisationResearch on the influence of perception of science in studyChoiceGender and leadership in medicine

“Stock-taking of 10 years’ activities on women in science” 2009 Conference

She Figures 2009 (tender)

Women in Science Work Programme (2008)

Call for proposals published on September 3rdClosing date : January 13th, 2009Budget available: 5.6 M€

Topics:• Involving research bodies in the debate on gender and research• Mobilising science centres and museums on women and

science

Women in Science Work Programme (2009)

Where do we stand

Sex distribution of Groups, Panels and Committees FP 4-5-6

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Evaluation Panels Expert databases Monitoring Panels AG's Programme Committees Advisory Boards

FP4

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

Proportions of men & women in a typical academic career (headcount) in 1999 & 2003

Definition of grades: A-The single highest grade/post at which research is normally conducted within the institutional or corporate system, B -Researchers working in positions not as senior as top position (A) but more senior than the newly qualified PhD holders, C-The first grade/post into which a newly qualified PhD (ISCED6) graduate would normally be recruited within the institutional or corporate system.

48

15

32

424346

5954

85

68

585754

41

46

13

30

373943

5652

87

70

63

44

5761

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

ISCED 5AEnrolments

ISCED 5AGraduates

ISCED 6 Enrolments

ISCED 6 Graduates

Grade C Grade B Grade A

% Women 2003 Men 2003 Women 1999 Men 1999

Where do we stand

Proportions of men & women in a typical academic career – 1999-2003EU-25, headcount, nat. science and eng. fields

Definitions: Grade A - The single highest grade/post at which research is normally conducted, Grade B - Researchers working in positions not as senior as top position (A) but more senior than the newly qualified PhD holders, Grade C - The first grade/post into which a newly qualified PhD (ISCED6) graduate would normally be recruitedISCED 6 – Advanced higher education programmes (PhD)ISCED 5A – Basic higher education programmes (Bachelors and Masters) leading to access to advanced university studies (PhD)

3430

36 3430

23

9

7066 64 66

70

77

91

323229 30

26

17

8

7074

83

92

686871

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

ISCED 5AEnrolments

ISCED 5aGraduates

ISCED 6Enrolments

ISCED 6Graduates

Grade C Grade B Grade A

Women 2003

Men 2003

Women 1999

Men 1999

Where do we stand

Latvia 54 %Bulgaria 48 %Romania 42 %

Lithuania 37 %Greece 35 %Iceland 33 %Slovakia 31 %Portugal 30 %Slovenia 28 %Poland 28 %Spain 27 %Sweden 25 %Denmark 25 %Turkey 25 %Hungary 25 %Estonia 24 %Cyprus 22 %France 20 %Irelande 20 % Czech Rep. 20 %

% women researchers in the private sector in 2003

40-60% women

20-40 % women

Source: Eurostat R&D statistics (WiS database, DG Research for IL) EU-25 calculated by DG Research

Exception to reference year 2003; CH, PL: 2000, AT, BE, FI, TR: 2002

Estimated data: SE

Unavailable data: MT, UK

Full time equivalent (FTE) instead of headcount: IL

EU 25: 18 % Women

0-20 % women

Norway19 %

Italy19 %

Finland18 %

Belgium18 %

Switzerland17 %

Luxembourg 14 %Germany

12 %Austria

10 %Netherlands

9 %

Survey on EPO patents as a measure of innovation output in FR, DE, IT, NL, ES, UK between 1993/1997• PatVal-EU survey (2007) - www.sciencedirect.com• In terms of talent and workforce, the potential of female

researchers in Europe in underused on the job market • Overall % of female inventors: only 2.8!!

Remuneration of Researchers in Public and Private Sector• Published by the European Commission in April 2007• Average yearly salaries of researchers in EU+FP

countries, disaggregated by gender, show considerable pay gaps

Where do we stand

Recent outcomes• Women in Science and Technology (WIST) – The

Business Perspective, 2006

• Mapping the Maze: Getting More Women to the Top in Research (WIRDEM expert group) – Identifies positive actions and gender equality measures at national and institutional levels to promote women into senior positions in public research 2008 – Recommends:• EU and MS should fund networks and support public awareness• Make gender balance in decision-making posts mandatory• Measures for adequate work-life balance for men and women

• Benchmarking of Policy Measures for Gender Equality in Science – updates previous Helsinki Group Report of 2002, 2008 – EU 27 + AC + Western Balkans

Coming next

• Meta-analysis Tender

• Analysis of all gender and research literature produced in Europe (27 MS + 6 AC) over the last 25 years

• Will include horizontal and vertical segregation, causes and effects

• Work will be divided by arguments and it will include country reports

• Contract signed beginning 2008

Coming next

• 2009 – Conference “stock taking” – 10 years of Women in Science, and avenues for future work, under CZ Presidency (Prague, May 2009)

• 2009 – She Figures 2009 (previous editions 2003 and 2006)

• Gender Toolkit (contract recently signed; provides a toolkit and training to train researchers and research policy-makers on how to properly address gender)

Science in Society

More information:Relevant websites:

SINAPSE http://ec.europa.eu/sinapse/sinapse/index.cfmSCIENCE IN SOCIETY PORTAL http://ec.europa.eu/research/science-society/home_en.cfmFORUM 2005 http://ec.europa.eu/research/science-society/page_en.cfm?id=3173SCIENCE AND SOCIETY in FP7 – CORDIS WEBSITE http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/capacities/science-society_en.htmlUNIVERSITIES hhtp.//ec.europa.eu/eracareers/index_en.cfmFind previous projects and partners – useful for locating prospective partnershttp://ec.europa.eu/research/science-society/index.cfm?fuseaction=public.topic&id=66EVALUATORS, please (re)-register at:https://cordis.europa.eu/emmfp7/index.cfm?fuseaction=wel.welcome

Thank you for attention!

Website:

http://www.ec.europa.eu

Women in Science:

http://ec.europa.eu/research/science-society/page_en.cfm?id=3197