evaluation of israel-stewart parameters in lattice gauge theory

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Evaluation of Israel- Evaluation of Israel- Stewart parameters Stewart parameters in lattice gauge theory in lattice gauge theory KEK 理理理理理理理理理 理理理 理理理理理理 Aug 11-13, 2009 Aug 11-13, 2009 Yasuhiro Kohno Yasuhiro Kohno (Osaka University) (Osaka University) M. Asakawa M. Asakawa 1 , M. Kitazawa , M. Kitazawa 1 , C. Nonaka , C. Nonaka 2 , S. , S. Pratt Pratt 3 1 Osaka Univ. Osaka Univ. 2 Nagoya Univ. Nagoya Univ. 3 Michigan Michigan State Univ. State Univ.

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Evaluation of Israel-Stewart parameters in lattice gauge theory. KEK 理論センター研究会 『 原子核・ハドロン物理 』 Aug 11-13, 2009. Yasuhiro Kohno (Osaka University) M. Asakawa 1 , M. Kitazawa 1 , C. Nonaka 2 , S. Pratt 3 1 Osaka Univ. 2 Nagoya Univ. 3 Michigan State Univ. Contents. 1. Introduction - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Evaluation of Israel-Stewart parameters  in lattice gauge theory

Evaluation of Israel-Stewart parameters Evaluation of Israel-Stewart parameters in lattice gauge theory in lattice gauge theory

KEK 理論センター研究会『原子核・ハドロン物理』

Aug 11-13, 2009Aug 11-13, 2009

Yasuhiro KohnoYasuhiro Kohno(Osaka University)(Osaka University)

M. AsakawaM. Asakawa11, M. Kitazawa, M. Kitazawa11, C. Nonaka, C. Nonaka22, S. Pratt, S. Pratt33 11Osaka Univ. Osaka Univ. 22Nagoya Univ. Nagoya Univ. 33Michigan State Univ.Michigan State Univ.

Page 2: Evaluation of Israel-Stewart parameters  in lattice gauge theory

Contents

1. Introduction2. Strategy3. Numerical Results4. Summary

Page 3: Evaluation of Israel-Stewart parameters  in lattice gauge theory

Contents

1. Introduction2. Strategy3. Numerical Results4. Summary

Page 4: Evaluation of Israel-Stewart parameters  in lattice gauge theory

クォーク・ハドロンの世界クォーク・グルーオン・プラズマ( QGP )の物性・時空発展および非平衡現象

Page 5: Evaluation of Israel-Stewart parameters  in lattice gauge theory

重イオン衝突実験@ RHICRHIC Scientists Serve Up “Perfect” LiquidNew state of matter more remarkable than predicted -- raising many new questions April 18,2005

QGP ( near TC )≒完全流体(?)

QGP の時空発展は相対論的流体力学で記述できる

輸送係数(粘性係数 etc. )に着目

強結合 QGP強相関 QGP

Lattice QCD  ○摂動論  ×

Lattice QCD で輸送係数を数値計算

Page 6: Evaluation of Israel-Stewart parameters  in lattice gauge theory

相対論的流体力学• 1st order theories for dissipative fluid (by Eckart or Landau &

Lifshitz) ⇒ 散逸の効果を1次まで取り入れる entropy current

s : entropy density , uμ : 4-velocity , T : temprature   

散逸量の輸送方程式 ⇒因果律 ×

輸送係数 :ζ(bulk viscosity),κ(heat conductivity),                        η(shear viscosity)    

qT

suS1

散逸項( qμ: 熱流)

C. Eckart, Phys. Rev. 58, 919 (1940)L. D .Landau and E. M. Lifshitz, Fluid Mechanics (1959)

Page 7: Evaluation of Israel-Stewart parameters  in lattice gauge theory

相対論的流体力学• 2nd order theory for dissipative fluid (by Muller or Israel & Stewart)

⇒ 1st order theory に緩和時間を導入 entropy current

  緩和時間 (τi→ 0 で 2nd order→ 1st order)

散逸量の輸送方程式 ⇒ 因果律 ○(ただし例外有り) 輸送係数 : ζ, κ, η, α0, α1, β0, β1, β2

)(2

1        

)(11

212

0

10

qquT

qqT

qT

suS

I.Muller, Z. Phys. 198, 329 (1967)W.Israel and J.M.Stewart, Ann. Phys. (N.Y.) 118, 341 (1979)

散逸項

21q0 2  ,  , T

Page 8: Evaluation of Israel-Stewart parameters  in lattice gauge theory

先行研究• Using Kubo formula with ansatz for spectral function.   But the validity remains questionable.

Real time correlator

Viscosities Lattice QCDKubo formula

Analytic continuation

?Imaginary time correlator

F. Karsch and H. W. Wyld, Phys. Rev. D35, 2518(1987)A. Nakamura and S. Sakai, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 072305(2005) H. B. Meyer, Phys. Rev. D76, 101701(2007)

2222 )()(

)(

mm

A

Page 9: Evaluation of Israel-Stewart parameters  in lattice gauge theory

研究方針Evaluation of the ratios of the viscosities to the relaxation times of Israel-Stewart (IS) theory in SU(3) lattice QCD.

Reduce the number of IS parameters

)(2

1        

)(11

212

0

10

qquT

qqT

qT

suS

2 ,  20

We try to obtain second order coefficients β0 & β2 .

Page 10: Evaluation of Israel-Stewart parameters  in lattice gauge theory

Contents

1. Introduction2. Strategy3. Numerical Results4. Summary

Page 11: Evaluation of Israel-Stewart parameters  in lattice gauge theory

Israel-Stewart entropy Israel-Stewart entropy

using these relations

and

)(2 21

20eq

qq

T

VSSuS

uμ :4-velocity of particlesSeq : equilibrium entropy , qμ : heat fluxΠ : bulk viscous pressure , πμν : shear viscous pressure

・・・(1)

0

uqu

Page 12: Evaluation of Israel-Stewart parameters  in lattice gauge theory

Boltzmann-Einstein の原理 平衡状態におけるゆらぎの確率分布は Boltzmann-Einstein の原理に従う

 状態変数 a=a0 の状態が実現される確率は

Equation (1) と (2) より

)(

)()( 0

0adaW

aaWaaP

)](exp[)( aSaW

)](2

exp[),,( 22

21

20 q

T

VqW

c.f. S=logW・・・(2)

A. Muronga, Eur. Phys. J. ST 155:107-113(2008)S. Pratt, Phys. Rev. C77, 024910(2008)

Page 13: Evaluation of Israel-Stewart parameters  in lattice gauge theory

Lattice QCD でやること• π13 のゆらぎの確率分布を数値計算する

• π13 の分布と equation (3) を比較して β2 を得る

IS entropy

BE principle

Lattice QCD

Probability of fluctuations

The ratios between IS parameters

]2

exp[)( 213213

T

VW

・・・(3) π13

期待される分布

Page 14: Evaluation of Israel-Stewart parameters  in lattice gauge theory

イメージ• 4次元 Euclid 空間の格子

・・・

Configuration = 微視状態

・・・確率 1/6

π13 ・・・確率∝ exp[-Vβ2π132/2T]

Page 15: Evaluation of Israel-Stewart parameters  in lattice gauge theory

Contents

1. Introduction2. Strategy3. Numerical Results4. Summary

Page 16: Evaluation of Israel-Stewart parameters  in lattice gauge theory

Lattice parameters• SU(3) pure gauge theory (gluon only)• 3 isotropic lattice boxes• 10,000 configurations for each box• Blue Gene @ KEK

  β a[fm] T/TC Nτ NS

box1 6.499 0.049 2.5 6 323

box2 6.499 0.049 1.5 10 323

box3 6.872 0.031 2.5 10 483

β = 2NC/g2

a: lattice spacingTC: critical temperature (~300MeV)Nτ: number of sites in spatial directionNS: number of sites in temporal direction

Page 17: Evaluation of Israel-Stewart parameters  in lattice gauge theory

Result (Probability distribution with box1)

  β a[fm] T/TC Nτ NS

box1 6.499 0.049 2.5 6 323

box2 6.499 0.049 1.5 10 323

box3 6.872 0.031 2.5 10 483

]2

exp[)( 213213

T

VW

Page 18: Evaluation of Israel-Stewart parameters  in lattice gauge theory

Result (Probability distribution with box1)

  β a[fm] T/TC Nτ NS

box1 6.499 0.049 2.5 6 323

box2 6.499 0.049 1.5 10 323

box3 6.872 0.031 2.5 10 483

213213 2

)](log[ T

VW

Page 19: Evaluation of Israel-Stewart parameters  in lattice gauge theory

Result (The ratio β2)• Our present result with box1

• Characteristic velocity of dissipative flow From AdS/CFT

From our result

0036.022

15)(2

1

2

P

v

R. Baier, P. Robatschke, D. T. Son, A. O. Starinets and M. A. Stephanov, JHEP 0804:100 (2008)

⇒ 因果律 ×

16.0)2log2(2

1

)(2

1

2

P

v ⇒ 因果律 ○

ε : energy densityP : pressure

Page 20: Evaluation of Israel-Stewart parameters  in lattice gauge theory

Contents

1. Introduction2. Strategy3. Numerical Results4. Summary

Page 21: Evaluation of Israel-Stewart parameters  in lattice gauge theory

Summary• Lattice QCD による散逸量( π13 )のゆらぎの確率分布の数

値計算を行った。• Boltzmann-Einstein の原理に基づき、 Israel-Stewart (2nd

order) 理論の枠組み内で粘性係数と緩和時間の比( β2 )を導出した。

• Lattice QCD からの結果からは、 Israel-Stewart(2nd order) 理論は因果律を破る(?)

⇒ AdS/CFT からの結果と矛盾… 

Future plan• β0=τΠ/Π の導出( box1 )• その他の Lattice ( box2,box3 )のデータの解析 

• AdS/CFT との矛盾を議論

Page 22: Evaluation of Israel-Stewart parameters  in lattice gauge theory

ありがとうございました。ありがとうございました。

Page 23: Evaluation of Israel-Stewart parameters  in lattice gauge theory

Appendix

Page 24: Evaluation of Israel-Stewart parameters  in lattice gauge theory

Result (Spatial correlation)

Lattice spacing dependence of π13

Page 25: Evaluation of Israel-Stewart parameters  in lattice gauge theory

Shear viscosity from perturbation theory In high temperature region

0log

114

ggg

P. Arnold, G. D. Moore and L. G. Yaffe, JHEP 0011 001 (2000)