evi tenses
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CHAPTER I
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
1.1 THE USE OF PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE
We use The Present Continuous Tensewhen we talk about something which
is happening at the time of speaking.
Example : Please dont make so much noise. Im studying.
We also use The Present Continuous Tense when we talk about something
which is happening around the time of speaking, but not necessarily exactly at
the time of speaking.
Example : Silvia is learning English at the moment.
We often use the Present Continuouswhen we talk about a period around the
present.
Example :Youre working hard today. Yes, I have a lot of to do
We use the present continuouswhen we talk about the changing situation.Example : The population without jobs is increasing very fast.
1.2. THE ADVERBS OF TIME USED
The adverbs of time used in Present Continous tense are NOW, RIGHT NOW,
TOMORROW,ETC
1.3. THE PATTERN OF PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE
The patterns of Present continous tense consist of :
1.3.A. Positive Pattern
S + am/is/are + Verb 4.Now
S + sedang + 4..sekarang
Examples :1. I am studying English now.
2. We are going to Jakarta tomorrow (akan)
3. You are singing now.4. He is making a cake now.
5. she is sewing a shirt now.
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6. They are playing football in the field now.
7. Tom and Ani are doing their homework tomorrow.
8. The students are doing sport now.
1.3.b The Negative Pattern
S + am/is/are + Not + Verb 4 Now
S + tidak sedang + 4 .sekarangExample :
1. I am not studying now
2. He is not sleeping now3. My father is not watching television now.
4. we arent going to Jakarta Tomorrow.
1.3.c. The Interrogative Pattern
Am/Is/Are + S + Verb 4..Now?
Apakah + S + sedang + 4sekarang ?
Examples :1. Are you studying English now ? Yes, I am/ No, I am not
2. Is he eating fried rice now? Yes, he is/ No, he isnt
3. Is your father working in the office now? Yes, He is/No, He isnt
1.3.d. Qusetion-word Pattern
QW + Am/Is/Are + S + Verb 4...Now?
QW + yang + S + 4..sekarang?Examples :
1. what are you doing now ? studying
2. Where is he studying English now ? at school
EXERCISE I : Translate these sentences into English.
1. Jack sedang tidur sekarang2. Mary sedang mengerjakan tugas itu
3. Kami sedang menonton sebuah film di televisi
4. Mereka sedang bermain bola di halaman sekarang5. Guru itu sedang menerangkan pelajaran itu.
6. Perusahaan itu sedang tumbuh dengan pesat sekarang.
7. Harga saham di bursa Efek Jakarta sedang naik sekarang
8. Pak Adi sedang mengajar bahasa Inggris di kampus sekarang9. Polisi tersebut sedang mencari Ali sekarang.
10. Ana, Ani, dan Tom sedang berdiskusi sekarang.
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EXERCISE 2 : Change the following sentences into (+), (-), and (?)
1. They are speaking English now.2. We are not reading now.
3. Is your mother frying rice now? No, she isnt.
4. What is your father looking at now ? a picture.5. He is watching Plan to kill on TV now.
6. The teacher is not explaining tenses to the students now.
7. Is Maradona playing football in Argentina Now?
EXERCISE 3 : Write questions by using question words based on the
underlined words in the following sentences.
1. John is eating a plate of rice in the dining room now.2. The cat is eating fried chicken in the kitchen now.3. Tom and Jerry are quarrelling about food now.
4. My father is teaching Biology at school now.
EXERCISE 4 : Answer the following questions with your own words.
1. Are you studying English now ?2. Is your father reading a newspaper now?
3. Is your mother sewing a shirt now?
4. Are They singing a song at home now?5. Is Mr.Adi teaching English at school now?
6. What is your mother doing now?
7. What is your brother doing now?
EXERCISE 5 : Write sentences by using the following verbs
Writing, speaking, sewing, growing, discussing, doing, hunting,eating, drinking,
dancing, singing, making, building, teaching, explaining, talking, watching,
shopping, sleeping, typing, driving, riding, training, working
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CHAPTER 2
PAST TENSE
2.1. The Use of Simple Past Tense
We use the past simple to talk about actions or situations in the past.
2.2. The Adverbs of time used
The adverbs of time used in this tense are Yesterday, last.., a week ago, this
morning , last night, yesterday morning, yesterweek, yestermonth, yesteryear,
etc.
2.3. The Patterns of Simple Past Tense
2.3.1. The Positive Pattern
S + Verb 2 Yesterday
S + 2..
Examples :1. John saw a crocodile in the river yesterday.
2. We studied English here last week.
3. They played football in the field yesteryear
2.3.2. The Negative Pattern
S + didnt + Verb 1 ..Yesterday
S + tidak + 1kemarin
Examples :
1. John didnt see a crocodile in the river yesterday.
2. We didnt study here last week.3. They didnt play football in the field yesteryear.
2.3.3. The Interrogative Pattern
Did + S + Verb 1..Yesterday?
Apakah + S + 1kemarin?
Examples:
1. Did John see a crocodile in the river yesterday ? Yes, he did/No, hedidnt
2. Did you study here last week ? Yes, we did/ No, we didnt
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3. Did they play football in the field yesteryear? Yes, they did/No, they
didnt
2.3.4. The Question-word Pattern
QW + did + S + Verb 1.Yesterday?
Qw + yang + S + 1.?
Examples:1. What did John see in the river yesterday ? a crocodile2. When did John see a crocodile in the river? yesterday
QW + Verb 2.Yesterday? S + did
QW + 2..?
Examples :1. Who saw a crocodile in the river yesterday ? John did
2. What grew in the rice-field last year? A coconut tree did
EXERCISE I : Translate these sentences into English !
1. Kami menjual mobil kami kemarin
2. Apakah kamu pergi ke luar tadi malam ?
3. Dia tidak datang ke pesta itu minggu lalu4. Apakah kamu tidur nyenyak tadi malam ?
5. Kami menjual rumah kami di Jakarta tahun lalu.
6. Manajer pemasaran tersebut melakukan penelitian minggu lalu.7. Apakah perusahaan anda menjual kursi tahun lalu ? Ya.
8. Kapan anda menjalankan usaha anda di Jakarta ? tahun lalu
9. Siapa yang membuat kue itu kemarin ? ibu saya.
10. Apa yang jatuh di jalan kemarin ? Tas saya.
EXERCISE II. Change the following sentences into (+), (-), ( ?), Present
Continous Tense.
1. Tom saw the cats having business under the tree yesterday2. They played cricket at school last week
3. Did the policeman arrest the thief last night ?
4. The teacher did not attend the meeting this morning
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Chapter 3
PRESENT FUTURE TENSE
We often use will in this situation:
Offering to do something:
e.g. That bag looks heavy. Ill help with it.
Agreeing and refusing to do something:
e.g. Ive asked john to help me but he wont
Promising to do something.
e.g. I will come to your house tonight. I promise.
Asking someone to do something.
Will you close the window,please!
A. The positive pattern of Present Future tense is as follows:
S + will/shall + Verb 1 Tomorrow
S + akan + 1 .
Example:1. John will run a restaurant in Jakarta Next month.
2. Mrs.Maria Eva will play badminton tomorrow
B. The negative pattern of Present Future tense is as follows:
S + wont/shant + Verb 1 Tomorrow
S + tidak akan + 1 ..
Example:
1. John wont run a restaurant in Jakarta Next month.2. Mrs.Maria Eva wont play badminton tomorrow
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C. The Interrogative pattern of Present Future tense is as follows
Will/Shall + S + Verb 1.. Tomorrow?Apakah + S + akan + 1..?
1. will John run a restaurant in Jakarta Next month? Yes, He will/No,he wont.
2. will Mrs.Maria Eva play badminton tomorrow? Yes, She will/No, she wont
D. The QW pattern of Present Future tense is as follows
QW + will/shall + S + Verb 1.Tomorrow?
QW + yang + S + akan + 1.?
1. when will John run a restaurant in Jakarta? Next month2. who will run a restaurant in Jakarta Next month? John will
3. where will John run a restaurant Next month? Next month
4. what will John do in Jakarta Next month? Running a restaurant
We often use will to be going to when we say what we have already decided to do,
what we intend to do in the future.e.g. A:Theres a film on television tonight. Are you going to watch it?
B: No, I am too tired. I am going to have an early night.
The pattern :
S + am/is/are + going to + Verb 1
S +am/is/are + not + going to + Verb 1
Am/is/are + S + going to + Verb 1.. .?
QW + am/is/are + S + going to + verb 1 ..?
4. PRESENT TENSE
Present Tense is used to talk about something in general. And it is also used to talk
about something which is happened repeatedly or habituallly activities.
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e.g. + The earth goes round the sun
- The earth doesnt go round the sun
? Does the earth go round the sun ?
+ I get up at 8 oclock every morning
- I dont get up at 8 oclock every morning
? Do you get up at 8 oclock very morning?
The pattern :
S + Verb 1 (s/es) Everyday/today
S + dont/doesnt + Verb 1 Everyday/today
Do/Does + S + Verb 1Everyday/today?
QW + Do/does + S + Verb 1.Everyday/today?
We use the present simple when wse say how often we do things:
e.g. How often do you go to the dentist ?
Mary doesnt often drink tea.
5. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
We use past continuous Tense to say thatsomeone was in the middle of doingsomething at a certain time. The action or situation had already started before this
time but hadnt finished:
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This time last year I was living in Brazil
We often use the past continuous Tense and the past simple together to say thatsomething happened in the middleof something else:
When I was working in the garden, I hurt my back.
The pattern :
S + was/were + verb 4.When + s + Verb 2.
S + was/were + not + Verb 4.When + s + Verb 2
Was/were + S + verb 4. When + s + Verb 2 . .?
QW + was/were + S + verb 4When + s + Verb 2 ?
e.g. + She was cooking rice when Tom came yesterday
- She wasnt cooking rice when Tom came yesterday
? Was she cooking rice when Tom came yesterday ?
6. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
We often use the present perfect Tense to give new information or to announce
recent happening:
e.g. Do you know about Mary ? Shes gone to Jakarta.
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We can use the Present Perfect Tense with already to say that something has
happened sooner than expected :e.g. Dont forget to post this letter, will you? Ive already posted it.
We can use the Present Perfect Tense withjust (= a short time ago)e.g. Would you like something to eat? No, thanks. Ive just had lunch.
We talk about a period of time that continuous up to the present , we use the
present perfect.e.g. Dave: Have you travelled a lot, Nora?
Nora: Yes, I have been to 47 different countries.
We often use ever and never with the present perfect:e.g. have you ever eaten caviar?
We have never had a car.
We have to use present perfect Tense with This is the first time, It the firsttime
e.g. This is the first time he has driven a car. (not drives)
We often use the present perfect with yet. Yet shows that the speaker is expecting
something to happen. Use yet only in questions and negative sentences: e.g. Has itstopped raining yet ? (not did it stop).
The pattern:
S + have/has + verb 3.etc
S + havent/hasnt + Verb 3..etc
Have/has + S + verb 3.. .etc?
QW + have/has + S + verb 3..etc?
7. PAST PERFECT TENSE
We use the Past perfect to say that something had already happened before this
time :
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Example :
- When I arrived at the party, Tom had already gone home- When I got home, I found that someone had broken into my flat and had
stolen my fur coat.
- George didnt want to come to the cinema with us because he had alreadyseen the film twice.
- It was my first time in an aeroplane. I was very nervous because I hadnt
flown before.
The pattern:
S + had + verb 3when/before S + V2
S + hadnt + Verb 3 when/before S + V2
Had + S + verb 3 when/before S + V2 ?
QW + had + S + verb 3 when/before S + V2 ?
Translate these sentences into English !
1. Rumah itu sangat sunyi ketika saya tiba. Semua orang sudah pergi tidur.2. Saya merasa sangat lelah ketika saya pulang, jadi saya langsung pergi tidur
3. Saya tidak lapar, saya baru saja makan siang.
4. To tidak bearada di rumah ketika saya tiba. Dia baru saja keluar.
8. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
S + have/has + been + verb 4etc
S + havent/hasnt + been + verb 4etc
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Have/has + S + been + verb 4.etc ?
QW + have/has + S + been + verb 4etc ?
Example :
- Pelajar pelajartengah menyanyi sejak pagi ini
+ The students have been singing since this morning
- The students havent been singing since this morning
? Have the students been singing since this morning ?
Translate these sentences into English !
1. Hari sudah hujan selama dua jam
2. Berapa lama kamu sudah belajar bahasa inggris ?
3. Saya sudah menonton acara TV tersebut sejak dua jam
4. Dia (pr) sudah bermain tenis sejak dia berumur 8 tahun
5. Berapa lama kamu suah merokok ?
6. Mereka sudah bermain PS selama tiga jam
9. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
S + had been + verb 4when S + V2
S + hadnt been + Verb 4 when S + V2
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Had + S + been + verb 4 when S + V2 ?
QW + had + S + been + verb 4 when S + V2 ?
Example :
- Mereka tengah mengerjakan PR ketika saya datang kemarin
+ They had been doing the homework when I came yesterday
- They hadnt been doing the homework when I came yesterday
? Had they been doing the homework when I came yesterday ?
Translate these sentences into English !
1. Mereka sudah bermain bola selama satu jam ketika ada petir yang
menakutkan
2. Ken sudah merokok selama 30 tahun ketika akhirnya dia berhenti
3. Orkestra itu sudah bermain selama sepuluh menit ketika seorang laki laki
berteriak
4. Saya sudah mengetik selama tiga puluh menit ketika listrik itu padam
5. Mereka sudah tidur selama 6 jam ketika kebakaran itu terjadi
10. PRESENT FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
S + will be + Verb 4 + O + at..oclock
S + wont be + Verb 4 + O + at..oclock
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Will + S + be + Verb 4 + O + at.oclock ?
QW + will + S + be +Verb 4oclock ?
Example :
- Kamu sedang akan pergi ke sekolah pukul 7 besok pagi
+ You will be going to school at seven oclock tomorrow morning
- You wont be going to school at seven oclock tomorrow morning
? Will you be going to school at seven oclock tomorrow morning ?
Translate these sentences into English !
1. George sedang akan meninggalkan Indonesia pada pukul 9 besok pagi
2. Saya sedang akan menyelesaikan PR itu sore nanti
3. Dia (pr) sedang akan menonton acara di stadion tersebut nanti malam
4. Mereka sedang akan makan malam di restauran itu nanti malam
5. Para karyawan sedang akan menyelesaikan pekerjaan itu pukul 9 nanti malam
11. PRESENT FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
S + will have + verb 3 + .by the end
S + wont have + Verb 3 + ..by the end.
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Will + S + have + Verb 3 + by the end. ?
QW + will + S + have +Verb 3 +by the end ?
Example :
- Kita sudah akan tiba di Jakarta besok sore.
+ We will have arrived in Jakarta tomorrow afternoon
- We wont have arrived in Jakarta tomorrow afternoon
? Will we have arrived in Jakarta tomorrow afternoon ?
Translate these sentences into English !
1. John sudah akan selesai mengerjakan pekerjaanya menjelang akhir minggu ini
2. Menjelang minggu depan saya akan selesai membaca buku ini
3. Menjelang bulan depan dia akan membayar hutangnya
4. Kami sudah akan mendapat rumah baru menjelang akhir tahun ini
12. PRESENT FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
S + will have been + verb 4since.
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S + wont have been + verb 4.since.
Will + S + have been + verb 4since.?
QW + will + S + have been + verb 4.since..?
Example :
- Mereka tengah akan belajarsejakpagi besok
+ They will have been studying since this morning
- They wont have been studying since this morning
? Will they have been studying since this morning ?
Translate these sentences into English !
1. Menjelang akhir tahun ini kami akan sudah mempelajari bahasa inggris
selama tiga tahun
2. Menjelang hari natal saya akan sudah bekerja di kantor ini selama lima tahun
3. Menjelang liburan sekolah ini saya sudah mengikuti tes selama 5 kali
4. Menjelang hari raya idul fitri saya sudah akan dua kali pulang ke desa
13. PAST FUTURE TENSE
S + would + V1IF + S + verb 2.etc
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S + wouldnt + verb 1.+ object..etc
Would + S + verb 1 .+ object ...etc ?
Example :
1. Saya akan datang ANDAIKATA kamu mengundang saya
I would come if you invited me
2. Tom akan melakukan perjalanan JIKAdia punya uang
Tom would travel if he had more money
Exercise : Translate these sentences into English!
1. Jika saya jadi kamu, saya tidak akan membeli rumah itu
2. Saya akan keluar jika hari tidak hujan
3. Jika saya kaya, saya akan membeli sebuah villa
4. Jika saya dapat berbicara bahasa inggris, saya akan pergi keluar negeri
5. Saya tidak akan keberatan tinggal di Amerika jika cuacanya bagus
14. PAST FUTURE CINTINUOUS TENSE
S + would be + Verb 4when S + verb 2.etc
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S + wouldnt + be + verb 4.when S + verb 2etc
Would + S + be + verb 4 .. when S + verb 2etc ?
Example :
- Sedianya mereka sedang akan pulang KETIKA kami datang
+ They would be going home when we came- They wouldnt be going home when we came
? Would they be going home when we came ?
Translate these sentences into English !
1. Saya akan sedang menempuh ujian hari berikutnya pada waktu itu
2. Kami akan sedang membangun rumah itu pada waktu itu
3. Mereka sedang akan bermain babak kedua pada pertandingan sepakbola
waktu itu.
15. PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
S + would have + verb 3..IF + S + had + verb 3.
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S + wouldnt have + verb 3 object..etc
Would + S + have + verb 3 .object..etc ?
Example :
- Ia sudah akan menjadi presiden ANDAIKATA partainya menang dalam
pemilihan umum.
- He would have become a presiden if his party had won in general election
Exercise : Translate these sentences into English!
1. Jika saya telah mengetahui bahwa kamu sakit, saya akan menemuimu
2. Tom tidak akan mengikuti ujian itu jika dia mengetahui bahwa soalnya akan
begitu sulit.
3. Jika saya berjumpa dengan mu, saya akan mengatakan hello
4. Jika saya telah mengumpulakan uang, saya akan menikahi mu
5. Saya akan mengirim surat ini jika kamu telah selesai membuatmya
16. PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
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S + would have + been + verb 4..IF + S + had + verb 3.
S + wouldnt have been + verb 4.objectetc
Would + S + have been + verb 4.. .object..etc ?
Example :
- Sedianya rapat tengah akan dimulai sejak pagi ANDAIKATA walikota
sudah datang tepat pada waktunya
- The meeting would have been starting since this morning if Mayor had come
on time.
Exercise : Translate these sentences into English!
1. Sedianya concert itu tengah akan dimulai andaikata artis artis itu datang pada
waktunya.
2. Sedianya saya tengah akan tidur andaikata mereka belum datang
3. Andaikata ayah saya telah selesai berbelanja, ibu saya akan memasak
makanan itu
17. Abbreviation (singkatan)
1. I am = Im
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2. You are = Youre
3. We are = Were
4. They are = Theyre
5. He is = Hes
6. She is = Shes
7. It is = Its
8. Will not = wont
9. Would not = Wouldnt
10. Do not = Dont
11. Does not = Doesnt
12. Did not = Didnt
13. Is not = Isnt
14. Are not = Arent
15. Was not = Wasnt
16. Were not = Werent
17. Have not = Havent
18. Has not = Hasnt
19. Had not = Hadnt
20. Can not = Cant
21. Could not = Couldnt
22. Must not = Mustnt
23. Should not = Shouldnt
24. Might not = Mightnt
25. May not = Maynt
18. PASSIVE VOICE (IN POSITIVE FORM)
Penjelasan:
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1. Kalimat pasif ialah suatu kalimat yang subjeknya dikenai oleh suatu perbuatan
atau yang predikatnya berawalan di/ ter
2. Kata kerja yang digunakan harus kata kerja transitive, yaitu kata kerja yangbisa diikuti oleh suatu objek atau benda.
3. Rumus kalimat pasif dalam bahasa inggris adalah sebagai berikut:
S + To be + V3by
4. To be berfungsi untuk menentukan Tenses dari suatu kalimat dan untukmembentuk awalan : di.atau: ter
5. To be dapat dijabarkan dalam 16 Tenses (lihatlah 16 Tenses pada rumuskalimat aktif)
Pelajarilah Rumus dibawah ini :
1. Present Future Tense: S + will be + V3by
2. Present Future Continuous Tense: S + will be + being + V3by
3. Present Future Perfect Tense: S + will have been + V3
4. Present Future Perfect Continuous Tense: S + will have been + being + V3.5. Simple Present Tense: S + am/is/are + V3
6. Present Continuous Tense: S + am/is/are + being +V3
7. Present Perfect Tense: S + have/has + been + V3
8. Present Perfect Continuous Tense: S + have been/has been +being +V3
9. Past Perfect Tense: S + had been +V3
10. Past Perfect Continuous Tense: S + had been + being + V3
11. Simple Past Tense: S + Was/were + V3
12. Past Continuous Tense: S + was/were + being + V3
13. Past Future Tense: S + would be + V3
14. Past Future Continuous Tense: S + would be being +V3
15. Past Future Perfect Tense: S + would have been + V3
16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense: S + would have been + being + V3
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Penjelasan :
1. Kata kerja yang dipakai dalam kalimat pasif ialah V3 (bukan V1, V2, V4)
2. Tenses dalam kalimat pasifditentukan aleh bentuk To be nya
3. TO BE bisa terdiri dari:
a. Satu kata saja (am/is/are/was/were) lihat nomor 5 dan 11.
b. Dua kata(will be,have been, has been, had been, would be) lihatnomor1, 7, 9, 13. (am being-is being-are being-was being-were being)
no. 6 dan no. 12.
c. Tiga kata (will be being, will have been, have been being, has been
being, had been being, would be being and would have been) lihatnomor 2, 3, 8, 10, 14 dan 15.
d. Empat kata (will have been being dan would have been being ) no. 4
dan 16.
4. Being dalam kalimat pasif menunjukan: Continuous.
19. PASSIVE VOICE IN NEGATIVE FORM
1. Present Future Tense
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S + Wont be + V3.(by him)
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= S tak akan di
Example : Engkau tak akan dimarahi olehnya.
2. Present Future Continuous Tense
= S tidak sedang akan di.
Example : Rapat tidak sedang akan dimulai oleh mereka pukul 9 besok pagi.
3. Present Future Perfect Tense
= S belum akan di
Example : Nasi belum akan dimasak olehnya sore ini
4. Present Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Example : Rumah itu belum lagi akan disita oleh Bank pada akhir tahun ini.
5. Simple Present Tense
Example : Pengacau-pengacau itu tidak dikenakan hukuman oleh Hakim.
6. Present Continuous Tense
Example : Mobil saya tidak sedang direparasi sekarang
7. Present Perfect Tense
Example : Saya belum diajak dalam percakapan bahasa Inggris oleh kawan-
kawan saya.
8. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
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S + Wont be + being + V3(by them).
S + Wont have been + V3.(by her)
S + Wont have been + V3.(by the Bank)
S + (am not/isnt/arent) + V3.(by the Judge)
S + (am not/isnt/arent) + being + V3 (by)
S + (hasnt/havent) + been + V3.(by ..)
S + (hasnt/havent) + been + being + V3by..
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Example : Korupsi masih belum diberantas oleh pemerintah sejak bertahun-tahun
yang lalu.
9. Past Perfect Tense
Example : Tomy belum dituduh sebagai penghianat, sebelum Jaksa Agungterbunuh.
10. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Example : Buchary masih belum dicalonkan Walikota, ketika otonomidilimpahkan ke-propinsi.
11. Simple Past Tense
Example : Tindakan keras tidak dilakukan oleh pemerintah terhadap para
koruptor.
12. Past Continuous Tense
Example : Pasien tidak sedang dioperasi ketika ia meninggal kemarin.
No. 13 s/d No. 16, hanya menambahkan kata Not, pada kata bantu
yang pertama.
Lihat pada 16 Tenses kalimat pasip bentuk berita.
Note : Keterangan pelaku (by me, by us, by him, dst) dan keterangan waktu, bisadipakai bila diperlukan. Tergantung kepada : kondisi dan situasi dari tiap
kalimat yang diucapkan.
20. PASSIVE VOICE IN INTERROGATIVE
25
S + hadnt been + V3by..
S + hadnt been + being + V3(by.)
S + (wasnt/werent) + V3(by.)
S + (wasnt/werent) + V3(by.)
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1. Present Future Tense
= Yes/No,
Example : Apakah Bahasa Inggris akan dipakai di Pontianak ?
When + ? = Few years from now.
2. Present Future Continuous Tense
= Yes/No,...
Example : Apakah rapat sedang akan diadakan pukul 9 besok ?
What time + ... ? = At 9 oclock.
3. Present Future Perfect Tense
= Yes/No,...
Example : Apakah pekerjaanmu sudah akan diselesaikan sore ini ?
What + .. ? = Your job.
4. Present Future Perfect Continuous Tense
= Yes/No,.
Example : Apakah norma-norma hukum tengah akan diberlakukan sesudahnegara bangkrut ?
Why + ... ? = Because none is hones in
government.
5. Simple Present Tense
= Yes/No,
Example : Apakah saya diminta untuk menemani kamu ?
By whom + . ? = By our director.
6. Present Continuous Tense
26
Will + S + be + V3(by..) few years from now ?
Will + S + have been + V3 ?
Will + S + have been + V3?
Will + S + have been + being + V3 ?
(Am /Is/Are) + S + V3. ?
(Am/Is/Are ) + S + being + V3. ?
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= Yes/No,
Example : Apakah proyek perumahan sedang direncanakan di kota ini ketika saya
ada di luar negeri tahun lalu ?
By whom + ? = By the mayor.
13. Past Future Tense : Hanya mengubah : Will dengan Would dan keterangan
waktu
14. Past Future Continuous Tense : sama di atas (kalimat dikarang sendiri)
15. Past Future Perfect Tense : sama di atas (kalimat dikarang sendri)
16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense : sama di atas (kalimat dikarang
sendiri)
28
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21. CAUSATIVE Dengan HAVE Dan GET
Fungsi : I. Menyuruh sesorang untuk mengerjakan sesuatu.II. Menyuruh agar sesuatu dikerjakan oleh orang lain.
Bandingkanlah kalimat-kalimat berikut:
1. Tono mengecat rumahnya hari ini.2. Rumah Tono dicat sendiri olehnya.
3. Tono menyuruh tukang cat mengecatkan rumahnya.
4. Tono mengecatkan rumahnya.
Rumus-Rumus Causative:
A.
Eg: 1. He has a mechanic repair his car today
2. He will have a mechanic repair his car tomorrow
3. He is having a mechanic etc now
B.
Eg: 1. I had my tooth pulled out yesterday
2. Ali has had his hair cut since yesterday
Note : Perubahan Tenses hanya terjadi pada kata kerja to have.
(have (has) had had having)
C.
Eg : 1. He will get me to help him tomorrow
2. He doesnt get me to come to his house today
3. He has get me to bring a dictionary
D.
Eg : 1. The girl gets her face made up (dihias)2. I wont get my hair cut short.
29
S + to have + someone + V1 + etc
S + to have + something +
S + to get + someone + to + V1 + etc
S + to get + somthing + to + V3 + etc
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3. Budi is getting his tooth pulled out now
30
Catatan penting : Something = (sth) = sesuatu benda
Someone = (so) = seseorang (object): me, him, Ones (kepunyaan) = my, your, her, our, their
Eg = example = contoh. (Eg = example gratia)
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THE 16 TENSES
Perhatikan perubahan yang terjadi dari Rumus umum ke TENSES TERTENTU:
1. S + will + have + S.O + V1 + 2. S + will + have had + S.O + V1 +
3. S + have (has) + S.O + V1 +
4. S + had + S.O + V1 + 5. S + have + had + S.O + V1 +
has6. S + had + had + S.O + V1 + 7. S + will be + having + S.O + V1 +
8. S + will + have been + having + S.O + V1 +
9. S + (am, is, are) + V4 + S.O + V1 +
10. S + (was, were) + V4 + S.O + V1 + 11. S + (have been/has been) + having + S.O + V1 +
12. S + had been + having + S.O + V1 +
13. S + would + have + S.O + V1 + 14. S + would be + having + S.O + V1 +
15. S + would + have had + S.O + V1 +
16. S + would + have been + having + S.O +
RENUNGKAN:
1. to have, adalah bentuk : Infinitive (=kata kerja pokok) yang
berubah menurut Tenses tertentu. (dilahat 16 Tenses diatas).
2. S.O = Some One = adalah Object, dan bukan Subjek.
Jadi: S.O, bisa menjadi = me, you, him, her, us, them.
Ones = bisa menjadi : my, your, his, her, our, dsb
S = (Subjek), seperti: I, You, He, She, We They, It, dan benda-benda lainnya.
(T.V, Radio, Weather, the wind).
3. V1, dalam rumus diatas tidak berubah dalam segala bentuk kalimat danbentuk Tenses apapun. V1, tetap V1, tidak ada perubahan.
4. V1 V2 V3 V4have had had having
31
S + TO HAVE + SOME ONE + V1 + DST
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PATTERN EXERCISE:
TASK : Make free statements according to the PATTERNS (rumus) below:
A. 1.
Eg :
2.
Eg :
3.
Eg : When ..
4.
Eg : Who has
5. = suruhlah !
Eg :
B. 1.
Saya tidak akan mengecatkan rumahku.
=
2.
Apakah Budi mereparasikan mobilnya hari ini ?
= ... ?
3.
Dimana Evi mencabutkan giginya kemarin
= .
32
S + didint have + me + V1 + etc
Do +S + have + Us + V1 .?Does
S + wont have + ones house + V3 + etc
Have + someone + V1 + !
QW + will + S + have + someone + V1 + ?
Who + has + someone +V1 + ?
QW + did + S + have + something + V3 + yesterday
Do +S + have + something + V3 today ?Does
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4.
Siapa yang akan berpoto ?= Who will have ones picture taken ?
Ones picture = seseorang yang belum diketahui.
33
Who + will have + Ones + sth + V3 + ?
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29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
4849
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
to arrange
to plan
to make
to build
to burry
to scold
to rebuke
to bribe
to attack
to defend
to enforce
to learn
to study
to copy
to compose
to review
to interview
to repair
to know
to understandto take
to eat
to drink
to substitute
to succeed
to devide
to nominate
to cook
to receive
to believe
to agree
to disagree
to propose
arranged
planned
made
buit
burried
scolded
rebuked
bribed
attacked
defended
enforced
learnt
studied
copied
composed
reviewed
intervived
repaired
knew
understoodtook
ate
drank
~d
~ed
~d
~d
~ed
~d
~d
~d
~d
~d
~ed
~ned
made
built
burried
~ed
~d
~d
~ed
~ed
~d
learnt
studied
copied
~d
~ed
~ed
~ed
known
understoodtaken
eaten
drunk
~d
~d
~d
~d
~ed
~d
~d
~d
~d
~d
arranging
~ing
making
~ing
~ing
~ing
rebuking
bribing
~ing
~ing
enforcing
~ing
~ing
~ing
composing
~ing
~ing
~ing
~ing
~ingtaking
~ing
~ing
subtituting
~ing
dividing
nominating
~ing
receiving
believing
~ing
~ing
proposing
menyusun, mengatur, merencanakan
merencanakan
membuat, menyebabkan
membangun, mendirikan
menguburkan
memarahi
memarahi
menyuap, menyogok
menyerang
mempertahankan
memaksa, memberlakukan
belajar
mempelajari
menyalin
menyusun, mengarang
mengulang kembali
mewawancarai
mereparasi
mengetahui, tahu, kenal
mengertimengambil, mengantarkan
makan
minum
mengganti
berhasil, menggantikan
membagi
mencalonkan
memasak
menerima
percaya
setuju
tidak setuju
mengusulkan
35
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62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
8182
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
to oppose
to predict
to let
to put
to cut
to continue
to draw
to think
to express
to prove
to remember
to remind
to warn
to memorize
to forget
to admire
to praise
to insult
to submit
to reportto open
to shut
to close
to mark
to weigh
to measure
to evaluate
to taste
to hold
to touch
to teach
to return
to reply
~d
~ed
~ed
~ed
~ed
~d
drew
thought
~ed
~d
~ed
~ed
~ed
~d
forgot
~d
~d
~ed
~ted
~ed~ed
~ed
~d
~ed
~ed
~d
~d
~d
held
~ed
taught
~ed
replied
~d
~ed
~ed
~ed
~ed
~d
drawn
thought
~ed
~d
~ed
~ed
~ed
~d
forgotten
~d
~d
~ed
~ted
~ed~ed
~ed
~d
~ed
~ed
~d
~d
~d
held
~ed
taught
~ed
replied
opposing
~ing
~ting
~ting
~ting
~ing
~ing
~ing
~ing
proving
~ing
~ing
~ing
memorizing
~ting
admiring
praising
~ing
~ting
~ing~ing
~ting
closing
~ing
~ing
measuring
evaluating
tasting
~ing
~ing
~ing
~ing
~ing
menentang, melawan
meramalkan
membiarkan, mengijinkan
meletakkan
memotong
meneruskan, melanjutkan
menggambar, menarik
berpikir, berpendapat
menyatakan, mengutarakan
membuktikan
ingat
mengingatkan
memperingatkan
mengingat-ingat, menghafal
melupakan
mengagumi, memuji
memuji
menghina
menyerahkan
melaporkanmembuka
menutup
menutup
manandai, memberi tanda
menimbang
mengukur
mengevaluasi
mencicipi, merasa (dengan lidah)
memegang, mengadakan
menyentuh, meraba
mengajar
mengembalikan
menjawab
36
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95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
to pay
to calculate
to throw
to hit
to beat
to bite
to hide
to serve
to explain
to interpret
to predict
to activate
to motivate
~ed
~d
threw
~ed
~ed
bit
hid
~d
~ed
~ed
~ed
~d
~d
~ed
~d
thrown
~ed
~ed
beaten
hid
~d
~ed
~ed
~ed
~d
~d
~ing
calculating
~ing
~ting
~ing
~ing
hiding
serving
~ing
~ing
~ing
activating
motivating
membayar
menghitung
melempar
memukul
memukul
menggigit
bersembunyi
melayani, menghidangkan
menerangkan
menafsirkan
meramalkan
mengaktifkan, menggiatkan
memotivasi, menggerakan
Note : tanda ~ (tilde), ialah tanda yang berarti Kata Dasar (Infinitive)
Contoh : to work ~ ed = worked // ~ ing = working, dst.
to pada Infinitive, tidak dipakai sebagai predikat dalam suatu kalimat (Lihat Rumus)