Russian Lifemum XI (1982j 1948 North-Holland Pllblishing Company

EX UNGUE LEONEM:

MHBAPMAHTbl TOJICTOrO M CTPYKTYPA ET0 flETCKHX PACCKA30B

A.K.xOJ7KOBCKMn ll D.K.I$WJIOB

MX peWeHMII.' B 3'roil ~onen~ rrpy~~ypa X~~OX~CTB~HHOTO T e K c T a

(T) omi~bmae~~fl a snne era ~bmona nz cneunanb~o noc~y- nnpyehmro KOHCTpyKTa - era TeMbi COT). Bwon iJop~yn~- pye=cn B TepMAHax n p II e M 0 B B 61 P a 3 n T e n b H 0 c - T Pi CUB), noc'rene~~o npeo6pasy10wix "H~BN~~~HT~J&H~M" TeMy B nonHoUeHHbltl XynOxeCTBeHHblR TBKCT. c rIOMOLq6H) Bbl- Bona MOmeT OnncbIgciTbc~ He TOJIbKO OTnenbH61R TeKCT, HO M rpynna TeKCTclB (T), cx*nFmx no Tel-de n Bblpa3nTenbHOR CTPYKTYPer B 'I~CTHOCTA T~KCTOB on~oro a~~opa. T~KoR UH- sapr?aHTHbIR BblBon ConepRKT I&en&3 pxn CTpyKTypHNX KoM- mI?2KCOB, o@uux nnx BC~X T, - UHBapHaHTHbIX MO- TSTBOB (OMHB ). CncTeMa MHsapWaHTHHX TeM 54 liHsapJiiaHT- HblX CnOCO6OB nx peami3aLv4K B TeKCTaX onf4oro ae?copa Ha- 3kJBaeTCR era n 0 3 TM Y e c K n M M w p 0 M (,-lM). Te~a OTnenbHOrO T, BxOnmerO BO MHOH(eCTBO TeKCTOB T, MOmeT paccMaTPABa~bc~ K~K cy~~a (a ~epraa~ax IIB - COBMEUHME) era A H B ap II a H T H 0 R T-e ML4 , PBBHOk? TeMe BCeI‘o MHOmeCTBa FZKCTOB (OZH;,, = CP) , A era n 0 K a n b H 0 R T e M bl (O,T,,) - TeMaTnwz?cKon Bi?JIU'IWHhl, cneun@usecKon UM~HHO nnx T.

3ana~a ~ac~omuei? pa6om COCTOMT B TOM, ~~0661 BU- RB~T~ T~M=T~Ko-B~~P=~MT~~~H~I~ u~sapsiaii~bl nwr~l ~bl6pa~~ux neTminx paccKa3oB, no~a3a~b HX rny6mrioe TOX~~CTBO (c nonpa~~awi ~a "anamaqnm nnfl newti") AHB~PH~HT~M 6onb- uwix ~ernei? Tonc~oro u npone~o~c~p~posa~b ~O~J.TCTBO npu- MeHeHHblX B HUX sblpa3uTenblIblx CpenCTB. PeweHIle 3TOA 3a- na'In B nplimanne MblCJIWTCR KBK BbIBon. OnHaKo Hci?mecnenYxl- mee n3noxemie - 3TO He BtJBOn B CTpOrOM cMbIcne CnOBa, a nmm era KOHTYP, IIPenCTaBneHHblB OCHOBHbrmA 3TanaMM HR nyni OT Tern w PeanbHbIM TeKCTaM UP.

Mhl H~YH~M c ~POBHII ~~~~T~~CTOBCXHX UHB~PR~HTOB - u e H T p an b H o R T e MW Tonc~oro M pflna ee pean~3a- um (CYmecTseHHm nnFI CTPYKTYPbl UP) - B nopwwe Bo3- pacTaHHn wx KOHKPc?THOCTA (n.2); 3aTeM nepeRneM K l- n y- 611~Hott CTPYKTYPe, ' I-IFITH paccIcasoe - biril3apu- Z.HTHOM~ chme~y n coc~a~nmxmm era Bno~m, a ~a~rne cna- LwmJIbHOR N aKTaHTH*n opraawsaquu T7P (n.3); nocnemle* 6y.w~ pacc~cmpe~a no B e px H 0 c T Ha II c T P Y K T Y- Pa np, 06pasye~a~ nocnenoBawnbHocTbD ~~sap~as~~hlx TeXHHYeCKnX peweHuR, Bblpa3ATenbHO pc?3.7lw3yK)IL!EIx El cuen- nmomwx npyr c npyroM 6no~n my6nnnoro cwx%e'ra.

2. Jloamuuecxu2 MUP fl.Toncmoeo: ~e~omopme UHsapuaxmHae MDlnUBW~

He npewianyn ~a HOBM~H~, MOXHO C~aaa~b, wo OnHOR n3 qe~~panb~blx TIM ~OBTAU~CKO~O iaipa Toncroro SIB~R~TCR

(1) np~41~ue npkiponbl c ee cno~~anHofi MoubD EI Henpencxa- ayeM*cTbm H IIPMRTUc? xcli3Iin, nonmmmom&c~ 3axo~am

nPuPonu; Mppa*&IioHanl?sM, 0PMeHTaUMFi Ha "mySuHHoe", "OCHOBHOe" , "EomecKoe" .

npme~ewe~ pnna nB, npemne ~cero BAPbHPOBAHUEM gepe3 pa3nwaib1e acne~~bl 6wmi~1 - OHTO-~HOC~O~O~U~~CKMR (=KaK 6HBaeT B mi3HHn, m.(2)), 3TuKo-aKc~onorusecxuR (~~'ITO xopomo u YT0 nnoxo", m.(3)) M npar?"laTmecKkia (wKaK neRCTBOBaTb", m.(4)), - a TaKxe C03naHUeM II 3a- OCTP~HM~M KOHTPACTOB r.%emnY noncm~~enb~m~ II o~pmm~enb- HbIMU "OnMCaMH BHyTpa Kamnoro 113 aCneK*OB - TeMa ('1) pa3BepThlBaeTCn B I&, (2) - (4).

(2)x on c 0 6 hl T M U ("K~K Bhlsae~ B XM~HA"): a) RBmmnCR TUrlM~IHmU M nOJqnMHHhmu - HenpermMneH-

"OCTb nepexonoEl OT nnoxoro K XOPolueMy, YpeBaT- nnoxoro XOpOWMM M HaoBopoT, a He "ma.qKutt", "no- mwmZt" xon c06mliR;

6) TIImiBHa N nOnnuHHa - HaCbmleHHOCTb WZISHW MOUHmM CMJlaMII, ee 'HeWyTOmOCTb~', HenOnnuHHa - OTKmo~eH- "OCTb OT NCTO~HMKOB MElpoBoti au&I, ArPyue9HOCTb, Termkiw3OCTb, ~TPO~HPOB~HHOCT~, 6ecnnon~ocxb.

Te~e (Za) y Tonc~oro COOTBBTCTBY~T, ~anpm.wp, 3u1'3aro- 06pa3~0c~b OTHOUI~HI~~~ KHRSR A~npex N Ha~awn, rae B ~a- MeTeHHble "PasyMHhle" xM3HeHHble IInaEIbl BMeImiBaeTCR "CT-H- XHUHO~" ~avano (mpamb Ha'rami K A~amnm); gene (26) - me u3sepme~sin ~orywix CNJI npn nepeno~ax B cynb6e ~a.po- no= M OTnenbHblX nuu, nepe.q KOTOpmm OTCTYnaeT BCe He- nOnnMHHOe n HrPYWeQHOe, CP. nepexon K HapOnHOR BORHe Ii noxap MOCKB~I B Boii~e u MUP? li ~.n.

(3) q e H H 0 c T M: npOCTkae, eCTeCTBeHHm?, OCHOBHhle, E0- XecxMe, nyXOBH6le - IIOnmiHHbI, a MCKyCCTBeHHbE, EIany- MaHHMe, ycn*aHble, NMyqeCTBeHHhle - JIOXHbl.

T~nwmmm npmvtepa~~ 'WX~CCTB~HH~IX qe~~oc~eil' y TOJICTO- 1-0 RB~RH)TCB U~HHOCTU npec'r~x~ble (Hanoneo~), "O~U~CTB~H- able" (mmb Amp&), ~K)POKP~TUWXKN~ (Kape~m), MMYW~- CTBeHHble 2-i T,rI. c npyron CTOPOHta, 'eCTeCTBeHHOe' ao- nnoqeH0 B HaTawe, Icapmaese M np.

O,qHO~ u3 rnaBHblX 'nCTnHHhlX qeHHOCTeR' RBnReTCR, B rnasax Tonc'roro (3a) cam @KT XW~HU u ee tiau6onee sne~e~~ap~kxe, "MI?HII-

?mrEJIble" nPc?RBneHn~: 3nOpOBbe, TPYJJ, OTmJX, HaCmIIe- tine, venosenec~oe 06ue~~e, nloSos5 u 'r.n. (CM. 6ova- POB 1971:15).

XpeCTOMaTWRHYH) 0OpMYnUpOBKY 3TOT WIean HaXcJnUT B pas- h5lwJIeHM~IX rbepa, rIePex~Bmerc nneH, 06 ydo&wemsope~uu nompe6nocmed K~K COB~PW~~HDM cwxcm~u (51'4, T.N. x.2, m.12).

zIT0 KaCaeTCR 'nOxHhlX qeHHocTef', TO K HMM, B .afcne IIPO'IMX, OTHOCRTCR y TOJICTO~O:

22 A.K.Xoflxosc~uli u M.K.Uez,~os

Ha 06uenPwH~TkJx HopMax, PaccyxneHwu, norbiKe.

CJOpMynbl (4) - (5) FiaxonFn ce6e MHOrOPUCneHHble UJmloCTpa- LWU B npou3eene~u~1x Tonc~oro. Flbep, B nyxe (4a), no- 3HaeT 6ora xe CAOBaMU, He paccymae7fu8mu, x0 nenocped- crnee~?fbi~ uyecmeo~ (EM, T.IV, q.4, m.12). B KPULIEICH~I~ MOM~HT~I OH H~XOLIUT B ce6e c~nbl neRcmo~a'rb B nyxe (46'1, panu~anb~o BM~"UB~R~~ a MHTPMIIY AH~TOJIR (T.II, u.5, rn.20), BHT~CKUB~R pe6ewa ~3 O~HFI u nporo~~l~ l&JaHuy3a-rpafiwTen,¶ (T.111, Y.3, m.33-34). OcMeMsamTcR, cornac~o (46"), BO~HHWS ,qeRmsnn no npamnm (die er- ste Kolonne marschiert) u O~O~~RI~TCR ~~MCTBUI~ c no~owbm IXPBOA nona~weFIc~ ny6~a~ (T.IV, u.3, m.1). I~~IGIUXII (4B) npoflsnReTcR B MHOrOV~CneHHMX MOTEiBaX Tllna "For &=lCT" , "~BYM CM~PTRM HC? 661~a~b, O~HOR tfe MUHOB~T~" li =.n. - CM., ~anpmaep, pacc~a3 "EPM~K". 3~0~ np~i~qkin HHorna 3aOcTpaeTC~ no 'nOBepMR K IlposuneHMm NeCMOTpR HN Ha YTO', OTKY,rp XapaKTepFi~U TOncTOacKHR MOTUB:

(6) cnaceFuie (B TpynHblX CuTyaUwRx) B03MOXHO 'Iepl.?3 kryCK no tlynz=I", T.F. vepe3 nOnHblU OTKa3 OT HanliYHhlX no3si- UElft, cpenc'r~ EI T.FI., 06ecne~uea1ou1wx 6naronony'xwe, Sesonac~oc~b w =.a. II yepe3 noeepwe K rIpOBAneHUm.

rlnaCTAVeCKOe u B KaKOZI-TO blepe cUMBOn~4ecKOe BOrIJlO- memie CMTyaIIMH (6) - MOlTiB (7):

(7) Hki3, HUEwee rlOnOxE?HAe, npocTepTocTb,

npu~epbl ~o'roporo 6yny~ np~se~~??~t~ HMX~, "PM a~an~3e pac- CKa3OB nnFI ,mT&.

CKasaHHoe He 03HaYaeT, wo Tonc~oA nponom?nyeT 68~ neRcTme M ~enpo~~~ne~~e par excellence. Kw y~a%~~an CK~~TMMOB (1972:187-193). "npa~~nb~oe" nosenerae TOJI- CTOBCKUX repoe~ (B 'I~CTHOCTA, Ky~ysosa) Eib~eae~, CMOTPFI no 06CTORTeIIbCTBaM, K~K na~~m~m (nonuxHewie xony co- 6bwiR), T~K u ~KTMBH~JM (np0~x3060p~~~0). Bam~o numb, ~~06bl OHO COOTB~TCTBOB~~O np~il-rwina~ (4) - (6). "Henpa- BMnbHOe" nOBeneHwe ~axme MOX~T 6wrh ~KTUBHEJM N~H nac- CIIBHbm. Becnepcnexmmm x "nypnan" rmzcm~oc~b, ~.e. 60R3~b P~JWK~JI~HOTO neRcTBw H KOHT~KT~ c ~JIY~I?HH~IMH npoIIeccami, II "aypHan" aKTUBHOcTb, T.e. n"nblTKn paccy- nowoFo ~POTUBO~~RCTBR~ CO~MTMRM u ynpasnerikui IIMU c IIOMOUbm nOBepXHOCTHbLx, ~~~H~TWBH~D( cpencTB II no pac- cynowhm, 3apmee 3anamiblM npamna~. FIp)l~ep T~KOR a~- TI~BHOCTU - Hanoneo~, ~o~oporo Tonc~oR CP~BHMB~~T c pe- B~HKOM B ~ape~e, ~006pamam1nn~, ~YDTO, nepran 3.a urpy- IrE~HbE TeCeMOYKM, OH ynpamme~ ~BUX~HUW., ~ape~bl (EM, T.IV, rI.2, m.10). nono6wm xe 06~~0~ ah~c~eueaercn nemenbbrocm ~pawfl B "CM*lePTM maHa Mnbuna" : . . . eLYcn7y- nuJi eo??p0c 0 noii?ce u cflenoii XUUK.e, xomopae limo-mo de- JloxU ne max, XL7K CAedoeano, l! Ha 1comopwe 3* 3nlo *onI-

Born Hanadym Muxaun ,&lHUAOt3U~ u 3HaMeHUmOCmb u 3aCmaeRm UIC u~cnpaeumoc~.

M3 pa3HOBWUHOCTeFi nnypHOttw aHTMBHOCTH iv* iiauIer0 Ii3- no)l(e~%m 0~06~~~0 B~XBH cnenymuuA MOTEB:

(8) sep6anbH6le neRcTsm, nonbn'~~ - 06~1~0 6ecnno~~~e - ~03neRc~~o~a~b "a xon c06bm&iR np~l "OMOWH CJIOB,

AJmoCTpMpyeMblU MHOrHMli npHMepaMM (ammw PacTOmwHa, np*KnaMauMM HanoneoHa B BM M T.II.).

M~orue ~3 TIM II MOTMBOB, nepewicne~~ms B (1) - (8), yYacTsy?aT B @OpMWpOBaHMA cnenymqero WHsapMaHTHor0 cmme- 'ra (apmcaxe~a, co~paueH~o AC), npenCTaBneHHOr0 BO MHO- L-%X npo~~se~emixx Tonc~oro:

(9) B CATY~UWH oc~poR H~XB~TKYI unti m~ac'rpo@d, rpoxn- tqeR XH~HH u ee sne~e~~ap~tm U~HHOCTRM, 06~apyxusae~- CR, qIT0 K CrIaCeHMH) seny= neRcTskM, Kamyunecn kieuene- coo6~a3~mu, HO OCHOBaHHbte Ha IiHTYMTUBHOM "OCTHxe- HRA c06m~R, CO~PUKOCHOBBHHU c nx my6mi~oi? CYT~K), OTKPHTUM B ce6e pecyticoe np~lpo~t"ta~ cun, .qetlc~~m, coo6pa3ymn4kiec~ c ~enpeUc~asye~oc~brn c06bmm7, WMIITU- PYpme nPwPonY, nonaramqriec~ ~a 6naroc~b Ilpomi~qe~un, He OCTaHaBnABamqMeCR nepen "CIIYCKOM ,lJo Hynn". FIanpo- TIlB , K crIaceFIm3 He senyT nel%x"mII, KaxyuluecH uene- COO~~~~HNMH, HO HenpasunbHble B TOnCTOBCKOM mmcne, cr.=. OCHOBaHHble Ha paCCynOaHm"I nOCTElmeHZlEl C0661TMR, nannua~u~~~e, ~erny6u~~bxs, clIenymulle %eCTKWM YCJIOB- Html npaBMnaM u HCXOnRLgI%e si3 IrpenBapWTenbHOTO BkFniC- ne"UFI BCeX BO3MOxHOCT&M. npu 3Tm"l oTxpbmaeTcn no- nnllHH*CTb aneMeHTap"blx UeHHOCTeR XKEIBHW u nOmHOCTb HW?YM.3H"hlX.

~OFICHHM M~X~HUKY 06pa3osa~m AC (9). I'na~tmtt npun- Uun - COBMELQEHME BC~X apex B~TB~R mzxomotl ~e~bl (l), T.e. MOTABOB .(Z), (3) M (4).

IIomo~pm c~awana, KBK COBMEblEHbl (2) u (3). 'Henpen- B&W?~HOCTb IIePeXOAOB' 113 (2a) npenpacnonarae!c K npurde- "ewim IIB OTKA3, 'r.e. K C03naHUm KOHCTpyKuHR c IIpeBpaT- HOCTFIMU, CMeHaMH nnoxoro u XOpOwerO w *.n. c npYrOU CTOPOHbl, ~CT~CTB~HHO, '1~0661 'npoc~ble UeH~0c-m (XU~H~, 3nopo~he . ..) ~3 (3) - (3a) 6wn KBK--TO a~qe~niposa~a,~ IIFIa*e bHH - B cuny CBOeR 3neMeHTapHOCTH - KBXYTCR Cam co6ofi pE!yhmom~mc~. 30 nonwpmaawie 'uemoc~eC+ ~3 (3) II ocyuec~~n~e'rc~ c no~or.ubm OTKA3A, ~3~ne'xe~Horo MS (2):

(10) 3Ha~eHAe npOCTblX'UeHHOCTeR YRCHIIeTCR nocne'u B pe- 3yJIbTaTe CHTyauliH HX OCTPOR HeXBaTKEI,

B TO ne BP~MR 3ne~e~~ 'lvlcmwe CUJIM, H~~YTO~HOCT~ 113 (26) nbenpacnonarae~ K u306paxe~m pa3~0~0 pona '~a'ra-

K my6u~~oR cTPYKTYP~, UJlM apXMCTpyK*ype, I7P Harm3 OTHeCeH pnn AH8apUaHTHEm KOHCTPYKIum, HaMBonee HenOCPeRCTBeHHO PeanM3Ykmnx TeMY (13) A *ecFIee BCer0 c He* CBR3FiHHHX. ~TM UHB~PH~HTH~I~ rny6zi~~61e KOHCTPYKIWU nenRTcR Ha COB~ITRRH~J~, npoCTpa"CTse"- Hble )1 aKTaHTHble. M3 3TMX *pex TMrlOB KOHCTpy1(- qwfl Bonee nonp06~0 omi~tmaeTc~ nmub nepebltf, oc~anb"ble nsa 3a~parasaK~c~ KP~TKO H a 061qwx wzp~ax.

Ha.x~e~ c paccbmTpeH~~ co6b1~wR~oro ~cmno~e"Ta apxu- CTPYKTYPH, Ha361BaeMOro nanee a px M C Mxe T cl M I7P.

3.1. Cdamuii~aLi ~mm*~efm apzucmpyxmypa (apxucmxeml IF

3.1.1. ohpri KoHmyp apzucwxema IlP. OaKTnsecKw pm marOB no IIOCTpOeHHm aPXWCm*eTa UP yxe 6br.n CnenaH panee, nap B HTOre 06qe~On~~O~~~sifi AC (9). noc~onb~y (9) ec=h pe~~ynbTaT pa3sepTtJsaHuR (l), TO zlana*a nOCTpOe"WR apxu- clome~a LF CBOIWTCR K COBMEUEHMKI (9) M (12).

3~0 COBM nae~ c~oe06pa3Hy10 "~~TCK~IO penamwa" 06ue- TO~CTOBCKOFO AC (9). Oco6e""oc~u ee - B OTCYTCTBHU 'HanYMaHHblX, MCKyCCTBeHHBX LpHHOCTeR', 38 HOTOpm rOH- ~TCFI tmonie ~3 ~spocnhlx nepco~axeR TOJICTO~O; B CMRIT- ~BHHOCTW KOMnneKca 'HenpamnbHoro nosenemn'; B OTCYT- CTBElki COIwianbHblX KOHc#uIWXTOB A nCWX*nOIwPeCKKx TOHKOC-

T&i; B u306paaemu mme~cifi npwponb~ II ~~ene"bilrl npyroro nOSHaBaTenbH0 AHTepecHoro r.mTepHana; B TOM, 'IT0 l-epcJn- MU RBJIRIOTCR npoc*ble nron* M ux ne*w.

noMuM ST&m co~epxa*enbsblx ~OBasneHm, "geTmaR penaKUMR" AC (9) mmwxae~ cnenymm~e K o M n o- 3HuEIOHHbIe yT09HeHHE.

A. B (9) 'r~pa~wnb~tae' u '~enpa~mh~me .Q&CTBHR eqe iie opra"~3o~a"hl BO B~~M~HH& rm~ne~o~a~enh"o~~b. APXA- Cmm?Ty (9) COOTBeTCTBOBanU &.I, HanpIiMeP, H TaKne KOH- KpeTHbte CIoxeThl, me Te 33 apyrwe nenCTBnf? COBePUlanHCb 6~ o~Hc~~pe~eH"o (OIIHU nepco~amrneRc~~yH)~ 'npaswnb~o', ~pyl-Ele,-napa.nnenbHO Ht.4 - 'HenpaswnbHo'). On?I.=mo (PaHTM- YIBCKII. ‘HelIpX3H~hHbE’ ~~%ICTBUFI ~cerna ~rpa~l~ ponb OTKA- 3A K 'npasunb~m'.* YCT~HOBK~ "a 'ynpome~~oc~b' w3 ",qeTCKOR" Tebm (126) cooTse~cTsyeT on~omi~eft~oc~b OT- KA3HOR KOHCT~Y~UMH, o*cy*c*swe KOHTpanyHKTa MeKKnY na- pamenb"O pa3BHBaIauUM~CR JIOXHOR 34 nPasHnhHoft "BePCm- MU",

6. B (9) nonxwo 6wrb T~.KH(B yT~~"ekm spe~eHH6e Pac- nonoxe~lie MOM~HTOB .'06na,qa"m FUI~M~HTEIPH~~MU LWHHOCTFIMU R(I?SHA' n ‘KaTacTpo~~‘, C03nalOqeA &ix 'HexsaTKy' Emu y- rpomamqen WM. Eionee HJIH MeHee OYeBwlHO, 'IT0 'CnaceHsP ml', a BMeCTe c HUM B 'OBnanaHAeM', cmxe* n*nmeH 3 a- BepWMThCFI. Bo-nepsbx, 3TO XenaTenbHO no*oMy, YTO ~OJIXKH~I 6hl~b KOHKPETM3APOBAHbl K~K 06~le~onc~o~CKaA TeMa-

TUYeCKAh 3JIa"EHT 'npwnme xmm', cr.e. sepa B ee KOHW- HYlO 6naroTBopHocTb, y13 (l), TBK M "neTcKuh" TeMaTurle- CKI?A 3neMeHT 'cse'rn~~h BSTJIFI~ ~a m43~b’ ~3 (126). Bo- BTOpblX, noc!nenosaTenbHocTb 'KaTacTpoc$a' - 'cnaceFsie' yno6cla .QJIFI miar~oc~wposa~n~ 'npamnmm aeRc~mi$? ('npasunbHocTb' noKa3bJeaeTcE cnacemeI"l).

'06na~aHue "poCTblMM UCHHOCTRMM' EeJIaTenbHO nOKa3aTb M B H a '4 an e cmie~a - B pmm OTKA3A H nocnenymue21 'KaTacTpo@e'.

MT~K, COBMEUEHMM (9) M (12) npeantecT~ye~ nopa60~m (9) no cneaymmeh KOHCTPYKTMBHOR CXeMe:

(14) B cuTyausil? (9) - c H a g an a~ obnaname zme~e~'rap- Htnm Uc?HHOCTRMW, n 0 T 0 M KaTFXXpOC$a; nanee HP npaeUnbHble nacTsun, 3 a T e M - npaminbHkJe; B LiTOre - 06nananue ~IP~)~(HUMM U~HHOCTRMU.

Bbli'm~e~ ~enepb pe3ynbTaT COBM (12) u KO~O~HUIIOHHO ynOpml0~eHHOrO (9) - apxucmxeT l7P (15). OH COCTOllT hi3 ~IFIITU bno~o~, TBK cxasa~b, IMTII aKTOB ~pahm, yCnOBHble H~~B~HHR KOTOP~JX ~~ene~bl B Oop~yny (15). B c1co6~ax no- cne o6qea xapa~~epuc~u~w ~amoro 6no~a np~~on~~cfl spar- Fme ki3nOlKeHAe cooTseTcTeymqax @xE-MeHTOB icaworo M3 ,'7P (B nopnnxe: It - Df - A - nT - I7).'

(15) c repoeh? "neTcKor0 nnaHafl (KOTeHKOM: neBOVHOR; rwyf"lFI MaJIbVUHaMU; OnHEIM 113 neyx TOBapmqetf: hlaJIE.QiIc- OM) nPOUCXcmAT cnenylODlee: I. [Mu p H a R x(x 3 H b] l%poFi 6e33a60~~0 npenaeTc~

3neMeHTapHHhl pa.uocTRM XU3HU B KOHTaKTe c rlpRpO- nob unu UHblMU n03HaBaTenbHO WHTepeCHblMW u IIpaKTU- V~C!KH o~pymammu~w pe6e~~a RIBJI~HWRMU (nporynm B none ; c6op TPM~OB; ~yna~be B hope; sirphl ~a nany- 6e).

II. [K a T a c T p o @ a] 3a~eiw OH nonanae~ B Beny, CBR- ~?AIH~IC c xpyro~ nono61mx me ~sne~uA (co6am, ~a- nanamuue Ha KOTeHKa: noesa, Hae3xamqnR Ha neeos- KY; BcTpeva c Me.qsem3.3 B necy; wrpa c PYrlHblM mu- BOTHHM - 06e3hm08, - ~~BJI~K~WIIM pe6e~xa "a 0nacEiyK BblCOTY) .

III.[Heane~~a~~aff ,Qe~~~enb~oc~b] rIPeLmpWHUMaMTC~ HeynasHhle rIO"blTKIi CnpaBWTbC* c 6enoZ1 IIYTCZM nehc~suh, Henpasunbmlx B m.mcne (9), ~P~Z-WT,'U~CTB~HHO CJIOB (KPUKM "Hman!", 06pa4wme K co6a~a~; COB~TEJ c~apuetf cecTpbl ne~owie, OK~S!~B- UERCFI Ha peJxcax; YKasaHwfi, nenae&QJe ruIOBuaM c ~opaBnn, a 3aTeM cnyclc JIOQKU).

IV. [C n a c H T en b H a R A K UM FI] Heynawi mmyw.qa- Ed 06pa~u~bcn K nehc~swmr, npaBsinbHmM B chmcne (9), - HHTYATABH~JM, "my6m~m" II ~.n., ~o~opble JIPWBOn?T K CnaCeHWm (ManbYsiK 3aKphlBaeT KOTeHKa CBOHM T~~OM OT co6ax; ~~BO'IKZL JIOXKMTCB non noe3~;

apTHnnepMcT CTpenneT M3 nylmw B aKyny, pPic!cyn no- IIaCTb B MaJIbwlKOB; YenOBeK, oKa3aswHRcn non hlen- BeneM, npMTBOp~eTC~ MepTebm; wreq, yI-*OX(aR 3a- CTpenPfTb cmla, 3aCTaBn*eT era IIphlrHyTb c hm’ITbl B

BonYl . V. [B 0 3 B P am e H H bl R II 0 K 0 Ci] repou, ~36a~MBuwzb

OT 6enb1, BHOBb 06nanam-L npoCTbu.lH paJKlcTRMu xmS"II u -A~HOBO OU~HAB~KIT 11x (M~JE’IMK ~OM?I 3a60’rn~c~ 0 KOTeHKe; rpH6bl nOnO6paHbI II CeCTpbl CHOBa BMeCTe; M~II~~HKU - OIMT~ "a mpabne, cpenu ceowx; nsa TO- sapuma - BMBCT~, B 6e30nacHocTw, pacnonarawn HO- Bbn.3 3HaHMeM 0 XHSHMJ kmJlbYEK JKUB M CHOBa Ha KO- pa6ne J .

3.1.2. J&xb~eiiwa~ paspa6omxa 6~1oxoe apzuc~~~erna f?P. Haq~e~ pacchm~pe"lle 6no~o~ M MX nanb~eRmeii KOHKPETM-

3AJJGi c IV 6no~a - CnacM're~~h~oA AKUMII, B H~KOTOPOM CMbl- cne UeHTpanbHOrO, nOCKOnbKy OH 06pa3yeT KynbMAHauMM ap- XUCmmeTa EI RBJIf?c?TCR B HehI OCHcJBHblM CpenOToQieM nonoxiKu- ~enb~oti nporp.smm Tonc~OrO. Oc~anb~ble Bno~u ~YZYT PaC- CMOTpeHH B nop*nlie ux Cm%eT"OrO CnemYBaHnR (I - II - III - V).

Cnacwrenb~an AKUIIR (IV)

B T e M a T M 'I e c K o M nna~e Cnacu~enb~a~ AKI~WF~ ec~b pa3sep~h!sa"xe T~KAX mpa60~a""blx pa"ee (CM.(2) - (9), (15)) 3JIeMeHTOB, KaK 'npamnbHocTb "Hepa3YM"OrO" noseneHm'; ‘my611~~0e conp~~ocHo~e"~e c c&ina~M nPr?Po- Dbl' (B naH"OM cnysae - c MCTOwlY1KOM onac"ocTM); 'Ed- CTBWII ""a ypOB"e" CMJI np~ponbl w 06"apyme"~e B ce6e pe- CYPCOB TaHMX cm'; 'UHTyWTWBHOCTh, HepaccyJIowocTb'; 'nOBepUe K BnarocTIl rlpOBMne"M5l, "CIIYCK no "YJlR"'i 'Kc- np0~3~ene"sie M~TO~OB C~MOR npuponu'; '~~OTWBO~OPCTBO HJIA nonni~e~ue XO~Y COS~~TMR’.

B B mp a 3 n T en b H o M rm7~He na”“b~R 6nox ec'rb Ma- "~@ecTamiR pacnpocTpaHe""eRweR CmxKeTHOPI XOHCTPYKUHW BHE3AIIHMR IIOBOPOT,' KOTOpaE COCTOElT B TOM, 'IT0 "BKOTO- posy CO~LUWM X (snecb - CrEice~w~~) r~pemqlCTBY=T PaS=H- TMB cobb~~~tl B "anpasne"u~ AHTH-X-a (mecb - npabmme- HIPS rw6enw), npwvehl ,w~se"ue K AHTU-X-y M no~oPoT K x-y CBII3a"hl TOtf MJIA ElHOR nPWV~~"O-Cne~CTBeHHOR CBIIBhH)

6aK La, YenOBeK, n*BCT*e~aBLmiCb c t"len*t?neF"l, rIajKik?T tfa3e~b (AT), COBa~Ka JIOXKIITCR Ha CmiHY nepen nbBOM ("JIee u co6aa~a") H np.

B ~aKTUBHOMw BapMaHTe (npoTMBonemTeuel 'ycyryBne- HMe ' "pencTaeT KaK

(17) neUcT*MFi, n06a~nzaxrwie HOBYIC O~~CHOCT~:

BblcTpen apTHnnepucTa, KoTOpblU MOxeT nOpa3HTb Manb4UKOB (A), IIphLxoK c MaTlw (n); Xe~urlHa 6pOcae~ newer non HO- I-u CnOHy ("CnoH" ) .

'nosepw K Ilpoeu~eHuKl' u 'CrlYCK no HYJIR peanusyHn- CR B Cnacu~enb~oR AKUMI~ qepes MOTE~EJ (7) 'm3, npoc~ep- TOCT~': apmnnepwm, B~ICTP~~MB, na,zae~ ~a nanY6y (A) Z~BOXK~ OK.~~HB~~TCR ne~am2 non n0f3~0hl cnr), tdanbqti~ 3aKpbIBa.eT TenOM KOTeHKa (K), MaIbQiK nanae= Ha 3eMmc (KMP) u T.II. COBMEQEHME (7) c (16) - (17), a ~a~xe c 3JlfX.l~HTOM 'my6w~~oe CO~~NKOCHOB~HM~' u3 (46') MOX~T naBaTb

(18) nonol~e~xe non MCTO~IIIKOM OII~CHOCTU:

non noesno~ (al-), non ~en~ene~ (BIT), non co6a~a~u. (K), non BOROtl u7), non HOraMIl CJIOH.3 ("CJIOH") llnu nbBa ("J&B M cO6amca").

'CnOHTaHHOCTh, MHTYWTMBHOCTE., HepaccynowocTb' BEa- PaxaeTCFI B 'OTCYTCTBmi pa3MmeHEII1 u C03HaTenbHOrO pe- WHIIFI', a ~~CTO u B 'MO~H~HOCHOCTM' Cnacu~enbrioB AH- uuu. Eecco3~a~enb~o renew ce6s ne~owia B aI-, MOJIHMBHOC- HO - ap~unnepnc~ B A A K~IIUT~H B I7. 'Mon~ue~oc~oc~b' HHOi-.a= non~epKaeaeTcFI TeM, YTO ,7mR CnaCeHIIFI nyCKaeTCFI B xon nepBblR OKa3blBaMuWACR non PYKon IIpenMeT, KaK pyxm? B l7. B A u I7 0~06~~ X~CTOM "OJIIV~PKMB~~TCR coc~o~~ue,a~- 0f3C.3: ap~~nnepac~ nanae~ ~a nany6y, KannTaH BCKpHKUBa- eT I? nnaueT. To, 'ITO meci- aO@elt~a ~CETCFI nocne Cnacu- TWI~HOR A~qnu, BblpaxaeT Onrrb--TaKs4 'MOnHHeHOCHOCTb' (netimsue OnepemaeT OC03HaHHe). 'OTCYTCTBUB pa3Tx%ilnne- HEIII' MO%eT npuHmmTb TaKme r$opbIy 'BmyTneHHOCTU' OTVEL- RHHOrO rlOCTyllKa. T&xi B AT: denamb AMY 6~0 ~euezo - OH yna/i HLl3eMb, w B npblxmte MaJIbYHKa (n).

'lWy6u~~oe CO~~UKOCHOB~HU~' c MCTOYHWXOM OII~CHOCTU HanHqO BO *cex paccKasax: 3TO BblcTpen B aKyny, npmoK = BWY, npoc~ep~oc~b non ~egsenem, co6a~mw, noesno~ AIIH CJIOHOM H T.rI.

neticT*uR 'Ha ypo*tie' u 'MeTOnaMM' npMPOn&J IIpOFIBnFIXlT- CR B 'fpex nna~ax. Bo-nepmx, Cnacwrenb~aa A~qnn copa3- MepHa c HCTOgHMKOM OnaCHOCTU no HHTeHCWBHOCT5I: MaIh~AK 6emw1 Btac~pee co6ax (If), ~ILZPO onepexae~ a~yny (A) n T. ". Bo-mopsx, C0113MepEIMOCTb c npnponoia COCTOHT B 0TKPk.F TUZI B ce6e ~eomtina~~blx, "IIPWPO~H~IX" clln nnn repOM~eCKO- ro ~OCTYIIK~. B-'rpe~bm, BHewHHn pllCyHOK CnacwTenbHon A~qsin MOX~T UMUT~POB~T~ npwpony: repot? npuxmme~c~ K 3ehme (fir, HMP), K~K K~M~IU non B~TPOM B Sac~e "Kamuc II

mcnma"; np~~~opne~cx M~PTBMM (aiT), K~K ~e~o~opme 3sepM M HaCeKOMtJe M T.II.

Mupfizm T!Gis~b (I)

T e M a T u 'I e c K M 3'70~ 6Jio~ RIB~R~TCR KOHKPETM3AL&,- EA 'rem (3) - (3a) 'nonmi~~omb npoc~blx, ~CT~CTB~HH~~ U~HHOCT& - wopo~hfl, ens, 064e~m, npoc~blx panoc~eR B KOHT~KT~ c nprrponoft.B ~mpasn~enb~o~rne nna- tie OH wrpae~ ponb OTKA3A H nocnenymrae~ Kmac~po@e.~

PenepTyap 'npocTt?x panomefi B 3THX nponorax I7P ,Qo- BOllhHO OrpaHIIVeH: co6z-ipatlue tqa~en~~ (Kl U~M rpu6oe (Al-, KMP) , KynaHbe (a), r?rpa c O~~S~FIHOX~ (l7).

38MeTm"l,~ ql-0 sxo?vwie B panocTHoe Bper"m*pOBOmne~ne 3neMeHTbl 'nrpa' A '004enue c npuponoR' ConepxaT B03MOx- HOCTM n0na.m.~~~ B 6eny ('r.e. NMeeT MeCTO Kay3anbHOe COI'JJACOBAHME M&ip~oIl XUZHII c npenc~ontqx~ nepexono~ K KaTacTpos$e).

Ka~ampo@a (II)

T e ~a T M g e c ti a R Q~HKUIIFI Ka~ac~por#m - B TOM, 9~0 OHS KOHKPETM3MPYET 3nez.m~~ (26) 'mcmqe~~oc~b XR~- HEI MOWHwm CUna"lII, HeWyTOPHOCTb'. Ka'rampo.$a K~K 6~ ne- MoHcTpMpyeT npxpony u XHSHb BO BeCb IIX CTWXHRHhllt POCT, 'rpe6yfl OT 'xeno~e~a YM~HXR c!ra~b c HIM BPOB~H~ (nonmm c~ena~b ~TO ~epnwr npo~an B Heane~samoR flemenmiocm u o~a3~sae~cn ycnew~oR B Cnacw~enb~oR AKUUM).

B B bl p a 3 )? T en b H 0 M nna~e Ka~ac~po@a, BO-nep- Bbm , 06pa3ye~ KOHTPACT K ~acnaxm?~mo npoc~hmsi U~HHOCTR- MW B ~a4ane pacc~a3o~ (Mup~a~ XUSH~) M B KO""~ (Bosspa- IIbzHHblR noKon); BO-BTOPblX, comasan no~pe6~oc~b B ~HC- TpeHHblX neRCTBWFIX, OH= TIM catem ~rpae~ ponb llOnA4M no OTHOW~HE~M K Cnacwrenb~oR AKUMW.

BaxxeRmee ~e~a~kmec~oe CBORCTBO Kmac~poQ~, ~e"o- cpenc~ee~~o ~onnouamuee (26), - ~TO 'CTWXURHOCT~, nami- HOO~P~~HOCT~, HeynpasnneMocTb', HOCHTenFfMEl KOTOPOti MO- X(~?T_6bmb K~K UCTO'IHUK onac~oCT~( (rposa, nomap, co6awi, .Fmyna M T.rI.1, TaK u TOT, KOMy rp*BEIT OnaCHOCTb hem, XEiBoTHble, T.e. CyUleCTBa, ItaneKMe OT Tpe3BOrO pac.Jera II npwuacTHble K ~ppawiOHanbHOcT~ npnpon&J). rIpm4epbl BTOpcJ- ro - B 6C u YCE, rT$e m?TM u.nec 6ynbKa caLMI( HeynepmiMo BBIIXYTCFI ~a~c~pegy Bene. 'Heynpaan~e~oc~b' rmn~epmma- ~TCFI B STIIX cnyqa~x KOHTPACTOM c "eyna~~mvw 'nonmr~am Ynpammb', OCO~~HHO ny're~ 'CJIOB' (CM.(~)); nprr~epbl CM. B O~HC~HUU Heaqqe~~amoR ~errem,~oc~u.

B~opoe T~M~TAU~CKO~ CBORCTBO Kmac~po@hl - ee 'pas- Max', ~Usn~ecKan' HecoIIsMepnMocTb c CUJIm.lU 9t?nOBeKa: 6blc'rpo~a coba~ (K), CKopoCTb II pam~pbl noesna @r), aa- PDCTb )I czIna aKynbl (a), orpcmwo~~b mnmqm WI, nomcab 06e3bff~bl u ~blco'ra Ma-4'rhl U7) EI ~.n.

He~ano~ax~a n ponb K~T~cTPD@~~ B KOHKPETU3ALIMM "nw-

naKTM9eCKOrO" ~3JleMeHTa Tmm (m.(12a)): noew, MenBeRb, a~yna, ~poza, ncmap, 06e3bma, CIIOH, neB, hope, ~opaSnb, Ma..'ITB u T.rl. - ice s'ro COBMEUAET 'c~epxwno~ew- CKIICI ~acu~a6' c H~KOTOPOR 'no3HasaTenhHo-ueHHoR m@op- MallHeM ,qJM KpeCTbmiCKOR neTcKOti si.YJlUTOPUU.

Heanema~~an nemenmomb (III)

B T e M a T M 'I e c K o M nna~e Heanema~~aff &menb- HOCT~ ~POTMBO~O~OXH~ Cnacu~enb~oR A~unr?, 6ynynu paseep- TblBaHneM KOMnneKca "OTpuqaTenbmx" KaYeCTB, A3BeCTHEJX Hat4 Pi3 (2) - (9) M (15): 'nann&iaTmHOCTh, neRCTBMsr He ~a ypo~~e H BH~ C~~I~~K~CH~BCHHR c my6u~~oU CYT~H) co661- TRZI', 'CnenosaHHe meCTKm4 yCnOBHblM IIpaBmaM', 'gypHan ~KTMBHOCT~ (nonmm ynpasn~~b xono~ c06wrkiil c IIOMOW~K) HerOnHblX cpencm)' u T.,IJ. B B~IP~~UT~~~HOM IDI=- me Heam~~m~afl &menb~ocm ec~b OTKA3 (no JIUHI~U 'me- npasunb~oe/npasunb~oe noaenenue') K Cnacn~enb~oR AKUMI~ bi O~HOBPEM~HHO P~T~PA.~UMR (110fi~s~) nocnen~en. on~oepe- M~HHO OHS MOX~T 6onee MJITIN resee P~SKO ~ODY~PKMB~T~ 'IS- ynpasnneMocTb' Kmac~poD~ (IIYT~M KOHTPACTA c nonbrr~ar.m ynpasnnTb ee XO,rlOM). PaCCMOTpIiM “0 OTjlf3mHOCTU HeKOTcJ- pkse 'lep'rh~ H MOM~HT~~ Sno~a.

COBMEWEHME MOTMB~ (8) '6ecnnomm CJIOB~CHEX neR- CTBHR' c cki'ryau~ek3 Ka~ac~po@bl nae~

(19) 6ecnno~me IICIIT~ITKU CII~~BUT~CFI c Ka~ampo~oR rmki nm.Klmll CJmB.

06wmo (19) m.we~ ~l?n COB.~TOB, KOM~H~, OHPHKOB H =.a., 6e3ycne~~o 06pamaemx ~11160 K nepcoaaXy, nonsepramue~y- CE OrIaCHOCTH, nsi60 K ee ~eynpasnne~o~y HOCUTBJIIO. Taco- Bhl KPAHH TUna "Hasan!" (OXOTHUK - c06a~a~ B il, ap~unne- PWCT - ~anb’ai~a~ B A, 6apm - ~~TFIM B EC, XOSRMIH - 6YnbKe B YCS), He3~r#JeKTueHble COm?Tbl CTapuleZt cecrphl ne- BOYKe, nOnaBLueR Ha pesmchl (Al-) II T.n. KaK npasuno, anpecaT He noHWM?leT NIIW He CJlbrilluT 3TUX CJIOB.

Tehm~n~ec~~e SJEM~HT~I '~~~~H~TWBHOCT~ . ..I. 'cneno- BaHNe npasunar4 . . . ' nawl u npyI%e

(20) nencTBMR "0 CnaCeHAm, np~lron~ble B 06kn~tax YCJIOBN- Ho 06pese~~m ~a ~eyna~y B o6c~a~o~~e Ka~ac~po-

GE:

IIpmepbl - 6e3ycnerume nonbl~~~ M~IIIMHE~CT~ OCT~HOBMT~ no- esn m-ir), C”YCK Ha Bony JIO.nKEi,~ IIonwrKU CnaCTNCb OT aiy- nbl BnnaBb (A) II np. 06hlnemoc~b ~THX nericx~~fl nojq~ep~- HYT~ zix COI'JIACOBAHMEM no BH~IIIH~M~ PWCYHKY c ,qeRc~mnm IreplmJJa MUpHoR XnsHli: HxIpmdep, B A T&V A snecb C~YCK ~a pony nna~ynnx npucnoco6ne~~R (napyc, noma), nnasa- HMe Ha CKOpOCTb, KPUKA c nanydhl U7omzmyxbca!, Hazad!) u T.rI. B ~5' Heamxsm~an Aemenb~oc'rb na~a nsimb B MBH- TaIbHOM nnaH.e (spmenu noHUMswr, YTO MFiIIb~UK He cmor

32 A.K.Wonmscxu1.7 u .C.K.Ueema

Bbl B.ePHYTbCH EIa3an no pee).

T e M a T H Y e c K o F1 a#~ymqweTr JWHHO~O bnom, cne,qym- wei" 38 Cnacu'renb~oR A~xweR, RBJIF~~TCR KOHKPETH3A~MR me- hm (3) - (3a) ‘npoc~m, eCTeCTBe”Hble qemomU hi3Hb, 061qemie, ena w T.x.). B B bl p a 3 u T e n b " 0 M OTHOWB- HUM STOT BJIOH 06pasye~ KOHTPACT K ~BYM npenbl~~yuwi~ (Ka- TaCTPO@e, Cnacm-enb~oR AKU.UU) no JIHHIIU H~II~XX~HH~CTR EI npaMaTMsMa H OnHOBPeMeHHO 'KOJIbueBOen noB*opeHl?e "a- ~anb~oro COCTO~~UR (CM. 6no~ Mnp~an XNSH~).

EaIOK peanusyeTcR B =Elne TeX ImR MHkax KapTWHoK "no- KOFI nocne Byp&f", conepmauJwx MOTIiBbI 'oL5nerueaxe', 'co- BM~CTHOCT~ B 6e30nac~oc~u' (cp. B 6no~e Ka~ac~po$a pas- 06me~?30~~b repoe~ H npe6t~sawe "e~o'ropb~t u3 HWX a onac- HOA 30lie) , 'YMYIIP~HHOCT~ O~TOM', '6~ivwaible ~~HRTWR' (KOTOpbJe BHOBb npe~cTan* HaK 3aKoHHble, yMecTHble ["XaiSHb Bx0nn-r B CBOI? npasa"]).

MOTEiB 'CoBMeCTHOCTh' eCTh BO BCeX paccxasax ITP. ‘Y- ~ynpe~~oc~b onmo~ ~anli~o B K (BCZCR . . . yxe 6on~we me 6pan KOWIBHK~ c co&xi B none), B AT hopam o JIOXH~IIX APY3bffX). MOTMB ‘6ynmwme aa~mm’ H~KO ~blpal~.e~ .B 060- six P~CCK~~~X o rpu6ax - B gl- (&?souxa co6pam ~pu6a) w B KMP, me u?~~e~ecy~~tq&ifi H~C 6~x0~ npenc~asne" non"ee, ~34 me-nu60, H MOTUB ‘6ymmiwblx s~HIITMR (xne6, CO", rpw661, IUYTKU II 'r.n.1 P~SB~PHYT B IWJIYIO CIOX~THYM KOH- CT~~KIIMHI. MOTE~B 'o~~~~~~H~~'.KOHKPETA~HPOBAH B ,L7T w SW 9epe3 nOBTOPEHllE B npo~~~ononorn~oM - nO6pOnyuI~OM M mMOpUCTAUeCKm.5 - KnIo9e TeX NIlU nHblX 4epT MFiHoBaBWeft Ka- T~LCTPO@~~. B ,QT ~TO c$u~anbmR UI~TOYH~IR mianor, B KOTO- TOM BHOB~ “npcmrpb~~ae~c~” nwma c rdensenerd; B KMP - no- ivammill 3rIH3011 c sy~b 6mo "e y'rpare~zr&~hibi EI BHoBb 06pe- T~HEEJMW rpa6ahsi; H~K u B snwso~~e Ka'rac'rpo0bl (rPO3b1), 311ech npa~e~e~o T~XHW~~CKO~ pe~e~&ie 3a~ehwe~ue (TIM 06- MopoK - 3QlzCb COH Ha new%).

N~orna 6no~ Bosqxi~~e~~taR I,o~oZl 661~ae~ npeRCTaBneH B nMHemoM pa3mnnn neRCTBIiR MHHAManbHO - He KaK TamEOR,

a JIHLub B sune nepexona K HeMy OT npenhlny”,UX C06bITUR (3T0, no CyTM nena, I,OnAlm BO~B~~UI~HHO~O UOKOR c nocne-

nnmwi~ COKPAIUEHMEM era ~nep~oZl v~cT~). T~K O~CTOUT neno B A.

3.2. Jpyzue KOM~OX~H~M a~rucmpy~myp~

3.2.1. Awnanm~mii xonnoxenm n~ee~ neno c ~blpa60~~0ii CMCTem apxmepco"axceR, h4emny KOTOpHMM PacnpenenKwTcR OYHKWfH, co6~~uR~oro AC (cp. nponn 1969, Greimas '1970, Rastier 1976, Bremond 1973).

QnR UP ?.%I c~opMynupOsanu ~a60P ~3 cnenymm&Tx l”eCTM apxHnepcoHameR.

XepTBa - "Heespocmu H/m&i ManOC03HaTenbHblCI" CY~I+KT Mupt.10~2 WU~HN A Bosspamemoro IIolton, 06ae~~ Ka- TCCWOOhl, a.npeca~ Heane~sa~~ofi ,Qerrenmoc'rk! II Cnacn- 'renb~oR AKWM; ~~orna T~KIK~ cy6aem Cnac~~enb~o&? AKUMN B ee ~~CCUBHOM B~PU~HT~ (M~JI~WK B XMP si manum~ cec- 'rpa B J/r, 06a - cy6aerm nacca~tioi? Cnacw~eIlbHO~ A~ukik%i KOT~HOK B K; U~TH B SC; M~JI~‘IHKH a A).

CIIaCMTenb - “pewmenbH~R” cy6aem ~KTUBHO~~ Cnacu~enb~oR AKUMU (Bacn B K; co6alta J~PYXOK B 612; a~- ~wnnepkftc~ B A; K~IIZIT~H B l7).

xe P T B a - c n a c u T en b - ?Kep!rsa u oAHoBpem?H- HO aKTMBHblR CnacHTenb (6ynbKa B YC6; repotl B ar; MaJIb- YMK B n).

Hoc M hen b o n a c H o c T II - me-nenoee~ (~BOT- Hoe, MawHHa), B cy6bem Kmampo@~ (co6a~u B K; noe3n~ ,I&-; Bewe~an co6alta B 6C; acyna B A; KOJIOm4UKN B YC6; ~en~enb B AT) .

3puTenb - "C0~yBCTBymlee, HO HepemiTenbHOe" JIM- u*, ~axonntqeecn B 6e3onac~oR 3o~e w ~n6nmnamqee o'rryna Ka~ampo0y (Kmn B K; naccamSipt4 II KOH.qYKTOP B ,Qz-; Jmnx ~a nanyde B A M l7; 3anesn~A ~a nepeeo B ,J’T).

3 p u T e n b - n OMOrn H M H - 3pmem H onHospeMeHHo cy6t.e~~ HeanemamoR &menb~ocm, crmc06~blR ~a K~KU~- TO, HO mmlb PYTAHHmz, IEllCTBIiFI (mapwaR CeCTpa B al-; 6apm B EC; bmTPOCbl B nOlIKe B A; X03RAH EynbKn B YCE).

Kompemble KOM~UH~UIIU WI~M~HTOB 3~oi-o ~a60pa ~KT~H- TOB onpe~enmmcn UH~UBU~~WI~HLIM T~M~TB~~CKNM obnu~o~ pacc~a3a. Ta, npMCyTCTBHe M CnacIlTenR li xepmwcnacu- *eJM COOTBeTCTByeT "repOH9eCKOR" TeMe u; napa XepTsa u Cnacwrenb - gene no~posu~enbc~sa (K, fiC, A); Xep'ma 6e3 Cnacu~enx - ~accumo~y Y~IOB~HUK) ~a npomne~ne (flf, KMP) , a HanMqWe nmlE XepTata-CnacnTenR - TeMe CaMoCToR- TenbHOCTH u HaxOnVWBOCTW (YC6, DTT) .

nPOCTOii H a 6 0 p ~KT~HTOB, noKphma.mUIBX onpeneneli- Hble @YHKLviW apXUCmxeTa u coo!cseTcTsymmr?e aHTponoMop~- Hble XapaKTepwcTumi, CBx3hlBaeTCFI B XynOxeCTBe"HO mJpa3ks- 'renb~ym c M c T e MY OTHO~CHW~~~, OCHOBBHH~.IA ~a IIB. 3T0, npem.qe BceFO,

a) KoHTpaCThl, OTT~H~HHPE TO~~CTB~MII (KOHTP,,,& - T~K, CnacuTenb A 3pMTenb-nOMOqHnK, HOHT~~CTMP~X no cnocoby no*eneHuR Pi XapaKrepy, co*nanalm B COqmCTBUM K XepT- Be; M 6) OTHO~~HH~ 'nOKpOBATenbCTBa', OCHOB~HHO~ ~a nB IIORA- rIA (~cr,mbI~ae~aR XepmoR '~ex=ama' B curie, 3au,HTe, py- KOBORCTBe npenmec*ByeT ee 'ynosneT*opeHuo' CnacuTeneMl.

~anb~e~ruan B~pa3~~enb"a~ pa3pa60ma ~KT~HTHO~O KOM- no~e~'ra COCTO~~T I'JI~BHMM 06pasor.1 B COPJIACOBAHMM npyr c LlPYl-OM OTnenbHblX aKTaHTO=, ye?4 llO=maeTCR CBFiI3HOCTb czicrem u ~OCTH~~IOTCE H~KOTOP~~ npyrne 30Oe~m. Tw, 'noponHeHue' XepTstJ co CnacHTeneM mm 3puTeneM (-noMou- miko~) KOHKPETU3MPYET &= 'u,e~mmb ce~bl?, nmZi=~, yeno- BeYeCKHX cm3eR M YBEJMYMBAET OTHOW~HW~ TOW~CT=.S (CO- sy~c~sun) ~exny -u~e"ami rmpbl, a T~KH(~ paz~~epbl K~T~CTPO- OH, 3aXBaTbIBamqeFi B pe3YJlbTaTe I? nwq, HaXOnR",ElXCR B 6e3onaciion 30~e. Ha =@@em KOHTP,,w pa60~ae~ COFJIACOBA- HME ~~OTMBO~OCT~B~~HH~IX no U~JIRM 3pmem (-IIOMOWHMK~) H HOCMT~~R O~~CHOCTM: ~~orna nepmPl np~6bl=ae~ ~a M~CTO ~eFICT*m *I"lecre co BTopblM (OXOTHMK B K) ElnIi naxe Ha HeM (Ma.WIIHWCT, rIaccaxGipta M KOHIIyKTOp B an.

3.2.2. Cna?,qmnbnn~7 XOM~OH~H~ ~rpae~ B B~~OJIH~HMH me- r&l I7P cynlecT*eHHym ponb, cnyxca c*oero pona IIpOeKwieil AC (15) B IIPOCTP~HCTB~HH~~R nna~, TTO c6nuxae~ ITP c MU- qmnorusecKHMn, ~OnbKnOpHblMU Ii CpenHeBeKOBm.m TeKCTaMM.

OCHoBy opraFlu3alpil3 npocTpaHcT=a B nP COCTaBnReT ne- ne~kie M~CT~ ~~Z~CTBMR ~a on a c H YKI M 6 e 3 0 n a C- H y IO 3 o H 61. OHO OTC~TCTBY~T ~a 3~a11e MHPHOR KH~HM, BO~HIIK~~T ~a BP~MR Ka~ac~poQbl, Heane~=amOU ~e~?.?nb- HOCTII. I? Cnacu~enb~oR AKUUU u CHRM~~TCFI npll nePexOLIe K Bosspaue~~o~y Ilo~om. npocnenn= 53 IIPOCTP~HCTB~HHO~~ pea- mi3awfeR AC (15), BblnMUleM nOny9aMqURC~~CnauMa~~H~~ K0I.P nOHeHT apXHCTpyHTypbl I7P:

(22)[Mu p H a II XM 3 H b] Ikpco~axw =~ec're B 6esonac~oR 30He lseTM C KOTeHKOM B nOnei ~e*owM "a rIYTW H3 ne- ca; ~anbw.mn n M~TPOCLS ~a nany6e, 3a're~ B naPY'2e; nsa Tosapmqa Ha ,qopore B necy; MwIhVHK Ha nany5e no- cpedu Mapoda).

[K a T a c T p 0 $ a] Xep~sa noc~ene~~o OKa3618aeTCR n~onnpo=a~~oR u 6nn3~0R K WCTO'IHIIKY onac~OcTM1, HO B npeneJ,aX sW,iQ.TOcTH ZWYFHX lTe,XOHaXei? (AWli OTXOJWT OT KOTeHKa, 3 aTeM Bml~lT, 'ITO K H~MY np~6nWXaI0TC~ CO- 6am; ne~oa~n pa36erawci?, CT~PIELR =IID.UT, KaK MnW- UlaFI "OnanaeT Ha IwrPl; MaTlb'IBKM BMnnblBaH)T 113 napyca, c nany6b1 mimia npw6nwxamqa~c~ a~yna; ma TO=EIPMIU~ =cTpe~amTcFi c MenseneM, OmiH Bne3aeT Ha riepe=o w CMOTPHT OTTyna, llpyron OCTaeTCSI Ha nopore; kmllb'll(K 3aBupae~cn ~a mau~y, =c~ynae~ ~a pel0, npyrue CMOTP- m! c nany6b1).

CnhllllHO, a IIOMOYIb He yna.eTCz?). 3TOT npOCTpaHCTBeHH&i aCneKT npOBana HeaAeKBaTHOR ,qenTenbliocm cnyx*T TOYHOR npoeKun~a BamHOrO TeMaTM~ecKOrO npOTMBOnOcTaBneHU~ - KOHTpaCTa blemny K?nwmsiCR pa3yMHOCTbm u XIpORApOBaH- HOCTHC pyni~mdx M~TO~OB u ux peanmoR 6ecnnomioc~bm B YC~OB&~FIX Kmac~po&~ (CM.(~)).

OT CTaTU~eCKOR 0 II I! 0 3 ZI q M M Mexgy SOHm.lki nepemm K JwiHaMuwe IlpoucxoJzc=xqux Ha ee QoHe n e p e M e me H u 8.

Bo-nepsm, c rm~cxqba OTKA3HOFO aBMXEHMR B CTPYKTYP~ (22) IlOn'lePKHYT MOTMB 'U~HHOCTM Y~JIOB~P~CKO~-o 06qe~MR, COBMeCTHOrO BpeMRnpOBOx~eHW~' (cp.(3a)) - 'COBMeCTHOCTb' CMeHReTCFI 'pa306~qe~~e~', 3a~av1 06pe'rae~c~ BHOB~.

Bo-mopblx, c no~orqh~l OTKA3A B (22) ~KII~HTUPOB~H MO- TUB 'COnpHKOCHOBeHM~ c OnaCHOCTbm, npoHwKHoseHHn B ee mwY ' - pewalo~nR npopbm CnacMTenR B 0nactiyKl 30Hy wrfre- HeH He TOsIbKO CaMOn PaCYJIeHeHHOCTbm Ha 30HbI, HO w npen- weC~syloq&im e~y 6e3ycnew~mu ~~RCTBARMU 3pmenn-noMoW HHKa, me st~xommwmmi 38 npenenbl 6e3onac~oiA ZIOHEJ u OPMeR- THpOBaHHm Ha ,qBIIH(eHUe OT 3nHIIeHTpa, yKnoFIeHae cm KOH- TaKTa c OnaCHOCThHl M T.rI.

4. 170BEPXHOCTHA.M CTPYKTYPA

4.0. C06t~mufi~tdi KDN~OH~X~ ~OB~PXHOCTHOR CTPYKTYP~~ UP (KOTOpm Ha.+ @LKTusecKsi M npwne~cfl OrpaHwYaTbcn) co- crowr ~3 11 KOM~J-EHCOB IIB, z~nu Tl2XHAYCCKAX pe- niex~il (TP). OHA HMemT uenbm n.mhHe~yIc TeMaTUKO--BtP pa3wrenb~y~1 pa3pa60~~y nony'le~?ioR my6m~oII c~pyKTYPbl ny!re~ B~~W.W~X COi-JIACOBAHMtt ~JIOKOB AC, 3aOCTPeHUR KOH- TpacTOB ixewy HIIMU, opra~sisawi~ BHE3AIIHblX IIOBOPOTOB iia MX CTMKaX u T-n. TP pacnonaram'rcn 6onee &in~ ~e"ee no- cneilosaTenbH0, XOTR wzorna nsa WIM TPH TP r.mryT HaKna- ~HB~T~CR ~pyr ~a npyra (K~K, ~nposenn, ki carm 6no~u AC (15)). 3TO EI He ymiswTenbHo, nocK*nbKy peYb nne= 0 no- sepxHocTHon CTPYInYPe, a me 06 OKOH~~T~~~HOM JIUH&HOM nOpRnKe 3neMeHTOB CloxxeTa.

Ecnw ~JIOHEI apXMCKlm?Ta ~CICT~TOWIO nPIIMO CBR3aHbI C Onp (13) M ncmo~y 6onee unil ive"ee cnes~0us~h1 UJM Ton- rroro, TO TP B z~~a.~wrenb~oR ~epe np~~an~~exa~ K obuena- ~epa~yp~O&ty @OHAy u nmnb "npucnoco6need TOJICT~IM JWfl CBOMX uenefi. Paccmmpu~ nosepx~oc~~hle TP.

4.1. YMM p o T B o p e H ZI e - SITO OTKA3Hbltl nePexOn K MMpmn mi3HII x3 KaKOTO--TO MeHee CnOKORHOrO CCJCTORHU~. BP.ECT~ c =oc~~~Y~~uM.~~P~xo~oM OT MHPHOR X(U~HU K Ka~a- c~poQ,e OHO 06pasye~ OTKA3HOE nBM%EHME: "HeMMpHOe COCTO- RHne n - MllpHaR *M3Hb - XaTacTPooa.

Ymponmpe~ue nepea npenc~om~ek-i 6ypeZt ~mni'IH0 WI= CHlxeTHO~ nlr~epa~ypbl (CP. ~asan0 m~aatn, oaucceu, ~HPU- xa IV M mpom Jlupa, paCcKa30B KoHaH-goana; CM. TaKxe Xon~oixmR-Qerno~ 1974:46 cn.). B (7P OHO coc=On= B TOM,

-4TO

(23) repow, SaKOHVMB HeKOTOpOe neno, HaXO,qRTCFI Ha “u3- neYre” CBOeFi nenTenbH*cTu (BosspaqamTcn nOM*n, o*nbI- XFirnT) , R HMK~KI?X HOB~IX c06wrnR xe om.inae~cn.

IIpMMepbl: "7 aowe/i do flecy, na6pafl 2pu6os, zomeJi ummu do.- ~oii (KMP!. Aae desouhx WIU do~oii c 2pu6a,w (01-j. neped Z~KCI~OM COAHU,~ ~anuman BWZU~,T ~a na/1y6g, 1~pu~tiy.n: %Cy- nambca!” (A). Odun pa.3 ympm4 ,R eepFiyncA dOMOLi c cod u ten nl‘lmb KO&.M 8 nanucadHuKe (VCS). OdUH xopafinb 060- uen BOKpye c*ema u Bo3epawaJlC.R dOMOii (n).

4.2. BTnrusaHue B OnaCHOCTb -3TOrIPEn- BECTME npenmomqes? Ka~ac~po@61, c KOTOPOX~ COFJIACYDTCR B ~IPHBIIHH~D nocnenosa~enb~oc~b T= unu ~l"b~e 3ne~e"~bl Mwp- HOR RU3HU, T~K wro B IIWIOM 06pa3ye~c~i BH-IIOB OT MUPHOR XKU3HU K KaTacTpo@e; CllauHanbHO OH BblpamaeTcR B HeOxU- ~~HHOM M "~eo6pmmo~" nona.qawiu B OnaCHym 30HY.

I~OMWMO BN~Z.~UT~~~H~JX S@@KTOB, gax"oe TP cnymu~ KOH- KPETA3AIlMEA T~M~TU~~CKUX WI~M~HTOB 'ypeeamc~b xopomero MOXWM' 11 'CnOHTaHHOCTb noeeneHm' (repoe23, He 3mvle~aK)- qkix OnaCHOCTH), ‘nsumeme B ryuy co6~‘rnR’. MT~K,

(24) MUPH~R XSi3tib repoee B 6e3onac~oil 3o~e CO~~~XKMT MeXaHU3f.3, " 0 c T e n e H H 0 npmon~nn, ny*eiv np*CTpaHCTseHHblx nePeMeqeHUR,KToMy,~ITo OHPI OK~~EJB~DTCR B onac~oA 30~e; 6ynyw.i norpyxem~ B MUPHY~ Xuk!~b II npoflennrr c n e no T y, OHU s~oro me 3aweqa10~ u nonana~l~ B Kmampor$y.

B peanusawiu WI~M~HTOB 'M~x~H~M', 'cneno~a', 'no- CTeneHHOCTb' H 'nepeMellleHae' Y'laCTBymT MOTIlehI 'Ml-pa' (CP. CXO~HO~ pemeti~e B Be~epe M,w~cltoii Mepme) M 'npx- pomiarr (mu WH~~HTU~H~K) 6ecc03~a~enb~ocrb repon (pe- S~HK~, AABOTHOrO)‘.

mxmepbl: KomeHoK MepA c COJlOMOii, u demu padosmuca HI2 lfee*. l7omo~ DHU H~UJ?U nodfle dopoeu tqaee~b, YZOU,IU codu- pamb eeo u 3czdtrAu. npo KOmeHKa (K). OHU ay.hfaflu, limo Ma- UUHU aaflelt0, e3Ae3AU Hcl Xr2Crnrlb u nownu vtepe3 peAbcn cnr,. nem Kynawrcn BHYTPU napyca, a 3aTeM B OTKphlTOM

Mope, nnaBaR HaneperOHKa non noolqpnTenbHble KPUKU 3plI- Tenefl (A) . Manbvmc ne3e~ ~a tm.rrY 38 obe3bmoR, COPB~B- IlIen 0 HeI- wnnny.Pi, npa3HFI, nOBecllBwen ee Ha pem (/I). XmJIMH M XOCTblTIUH, nOnO%MBmACh Ha caola ynasy, OTnenFIKIT- CFI OT OXpaHbl M Bbe3xamT oncm B ynu?nbe (‘57).

4.3. YCMneaMe OnacHocTu Z+TO HAPACTAHME KaTacTpo@~, npononaamqee JIWHm2, H~'I~TY~O BTR~HB~H~~M B OIl?.CHOCTb. OHO peami3ye~ MOM~HT 'J~BAHOO~~~~HOCT~, sre- YnepmmOCTb Ka~ac~po@b~ u B@#~~THO nonsepmmae~ MOTHB ‘nonana~nn B ryqy c06rrnlt’. HAPACTAHME ~IP~I(CX~II~?T no pnny napmleTpoB, no-pa3~o~Y M~HAQ~CTAPYWUAX (BAP) SPA-

3HaK ‘OTmneHHOCTb, nePu~ep~~HoCTb'/'K"HTaKTHocTh, IleFT- TPZJlbHOCTb yrpOxaMmerO @aKTopa.

(25) Yrposa Xep~ree n"c~ene~~" HHT~HCM&~U~~~~TCR, ~"CTX- ran cm?~yImlero COCTO5JIHnR: HOcMTenb O~~CHOCTH 6 n u- 3 0 K, BAlIHbl era K 0 H K p e T H He @o pblbl w BHymA- TenbHOCTb; era HaueneHHOCTb Ha xepmy RCHa; BCe , B TOM ‘Iucne 3aMHTepf?C"BaHHble nuqa, B yx a- ce.

Cnocobo~ nepenne~e~wn M B~~MM"H~~o%~Hw~ KB~HT"B HA- PACTAHMFI no BC~M ~TMM ~MHURM u "npenenne~cn K"HK~~TH&~ BWZ YCnneHII,¶ OnacHocTu B KamncJM R3 I7P.

rrpmdep (A): criavana Jlc2TCR KOCBeHHhIn CHrHan (Alcym!) - npnpona OnaCHcJCTM yxa3ana, Hau,eneHHOCTb He HCHa. 3a- TBM AH~"Pt.mUHR CTaHOBnTCx npmmn (ysudaflu cnuiiy) n Bhl- RCm%?TCE HaueneHHOCTb (mnm npmfo no. MaAb~UKOe). no- CT'~WHHO HAPACTAET "na"~"c~b (~mpewme n~~rne~hie a~ynhl A Manh'InKOB) ; HAPACTADT II C""TB~TCTB~M~~~~ zm"usm - no RHTeHCRBHOCTN (BocxnuuaHne - OueneHeHne - BN3T), npmm- Te "pH~aCTH"CTM (KTPT” - "Teq - CaMM ManbwKW), Mac""- BOCTU (onm - nBcJe - Bee).

4.4. 3ano3nanafi PeaKUMIl Ha onac- HOCTb - 3~" COBMEQEHME Mwmoi? Xus~n (HJIH name ee HAPACTAHMR) c HAPACTAHMEM Ka~ac~poQm, YBE,,MWBAlO~EE KOHTP~CT MemY "m411 (a MH"~-na c"smi?xaee BH-IIOB "T nep- BOR KO BTopon). 3~0 COBM ~BYX K"HT~~CTHUX ~JI”K”B B on- H"BP~M~HH"CTA (a~anoruwoe Cnau~anb~"~Y COBM B "LZH"BP~- M~HHOCTM 6esonac~oR II o”ac~oFI 30~) ocytqec~~ne~o B Anne hte~'ranb~"r" COBMEUEHMR, pa3~kisamqer" MOTUB 'cnemxbl n3 (24):

(26) repoi? 3ana3mJBaeT c peamIMeR Ha CJnaCHOCTb, He 3a- r.EYIaFI ee - no "npeneneHH"r" MoMeHTa MJIEl a" KOHL@ piWXXCI3a.

Pro TP non=rep~n~ae~ npar.m~si~~ Ka'rac'rpo@~ c n"~"ubm nononmi~enb~or" ynnu~e~us? "6ueR uemi HAPACTAHW "nac- HOCTE(, 3a"CTpeHUFI KOHTpaCTa hexxny MeHTanhHotl AnUnnHetl II peanb~oti 6e~"i?, a TcmR(B nyTeM C03RaHnR "nponwcu" we- Bcli-A 33 repoR, K"T"paR C"CT"llT B cnen*IqeM: Bo-nepeblx, 'cnenma OKOH~aTenbHO "pasOpyH(aeT" H 6es ~01-0 cnadoro repon nepe,n KaTacTpol$oti, B"-BT"pbU(, npasIlnbHo nn~ophmpo- BeiHHba VMTaTenb ouYnp3eT xenaEIne M "eB03MOxHOCTb rmMOVb repoK).

npmepb~: B aI- '"co~H~HM~' CJnaCHclCTR XepTBOR TaK M He HaCTynaeT - IleBcNKa no CaMOrcl K0Hl.m CJCTaeTCR cocpeno- TOY~HHOR "a non6apamn rpu6"~. B A 38 HAP Mkip~oR XUSHII B xone Ycnnewifl Onac~oc~u (pe6ama ..~ ~AWAU danbwe, c!l”ll?RLlUCD u XpUYanU ewe eeceJ7ee u *pOMYe npexneeo) Ha- c'rynae~ BH-IIOB K 'oco~H~H~', OTMe'IeHHtaR np""3HTeJlb"hlM

Bki3i-OM xepmbl. B l7 3ano3nanm Pearrm H BH-IlOB npose- neslbl ABaxAhl - B JIMHMIM XcepTBbl-CnaCWTem (ManbwKa) N Cnacu~enx (~anwrmz). B YC6, rge BH-IIOB K 'OCOBHBH~' OveHb npahmTuneF4, cy6be~~oiw 3anoszmnoR Peawin FIB~?~T- CR He XepTBa (I;yJMa), a 3pUTenb-nOMOuHUK (paccKaswl0.

4.5. cepun nonblTOK - ~TO npoc~oe IIOBTOPE- HME M~U HAPACTAHME HeanemamoM ~9emenmoc'rH. B cnyaae HAP ~CT~CTB~HH~~MN r$asar.sa cnyma~ '6ecnnomme CnOBa' U 'nannuaTnBHHe, pyTMHHble M T.II. mm':

(27) "Henpasunb~61e" ~O~~ITKR no~om~ Xep~~e 06pa3ym ce- pmc CnOBeCHhlX, a 3aTeM M QIH3M~BCKUX nettcTsrrR, %c!M no,LluepKlmaeTCx ux HeaneKBaTHOCTb u cJTTRrWBaeTC* ne- pexon K Cnacu~enb~oR AHUUK.

J$3nonHnTenbHoe nponneHue 'mxIbrcOK' MOmeT ~OCTAraTbC~ &ix lIeperIneTeHWeM M i33AUMOHRnmKeHAeM C 3neMeHTam ycune- HNR OnacHocTn (CM. 4.3,).

npmepid: B ,Qr 3~0 n~y~pa~~ble y~a3a~MR CTapWetl CeCTPH - 'cnosa',nayKpaTFme 'neRCTBIIR' MamiHHCT~, a TaKme 'zeR- CTBMR' Ca4OR XePTBW. B A 3TO nOcne~OBaTenbH*cTb 'cno- BO' (HU3Ud! n T.n.) - 'AS,0 1' (CnYCK JIOXKU) - 'WJIO 2' (M~AO~UKU nonnmnu 6 pm~toe cmopolin). B VC6 - 'cnowa' 3puTen~-noMowluKa, 06pameHHm CHasana K *epme, 3aTeM K Hocn~enw onac~oc~n M 't$nsmec~oe nellc~me XePTetJ- CnaCHTenFI L5yiloxa 6poCUACI( npolto,, x0 . . .I.

4.6. Yxy~we~ue vepes no~owb-BHE3AFl- Hbltl FIOBOPOT OT Heqae~sm~oil JJemenb~oc~~ K nanb~eRwe~y HAPACTAHHM Ka'rampo@bl. Llamoe TP, KciK u nperlmlyuee, IlogsepxusaeT HeaneHBaTHOcTb nannUaTUBHblX neRcTsxR Ii MOWb KaTacTpoo61, HO He KOnU~eCTBeHHO, a Ka9eCTBeHHO. 3aompm 'HeaneKeaTHocTb' II 'OTTRXKY spehlem' no npfl- MOR 'BpeJJHoCTM',

(28) Hea~emanmn neza~enmomb ca~a no ce6e CW%?PIKUT KaySanbHbm MeXaHH3M, ycyry6nmmqwR onac"oc~b.

npuMep: ,qr, me na~~oe TP pa3pa6ma~o oco6e~~o neTanb- HO II COBMELUEHO c 3anomanoR PeawieR u CepfiePi IIormToI(. Oc~oay COBM COCT~B~RH)T 3neive~~bl 'cneno~a' )I 'CnOBa', ,qaKlLlwe ~BancJpd ImBTopeHHblU MOTIiB 'HenpamnbHoro ochmcJIe- HMfl CnOBeCHblX nOnblT*X nOMO'Ib ManOC03HaTenbHOR XepTBOtl': 063 COB~T~ CT.SpWeA C~CTPM (He X0&d HW.Zd! II 6pOCO epu- 6~) ~~BO~KA, ne paCCnbnllaB "epBor0 cnora 38 lUyhmr4 rme3- n=, "OHMM~~T ~ao60po~'~ u B pe!synbTa~e 3a~kmmeTcn non- ~HP~HU~M rpn6m (npononmeme Mup~odl Xusun) a MOM~HT, Korga Ha Hee Hae3?xaeT noesn (rim KaTacTpo@l).

4.7. Y K n 0 He H u e (OT npasunbHblx n&cTsliR) - YBEJIM~EHME Heaqe~sanmR nemenb~ocm H 06pa3ye~oro em OTKA3A K Cnacn~enb~oR A~wwi. KoHTpaCT c nocnenlieu npu-

"IlMaeT "a 3TOT pa.3 B&m He 'HenpaBHnbHMx neRCTBIIB' a '"enpa~anh~oro 6esneRc~sm, nyp"oR II~CCHBHOCTH' (cp. CTP.5), neMoHCTPMpyR He CnxIbKO TpynHOCTb OTblCKaHM~ npaBMnb"blx neiwTBMA, CKOJIbKO 'nCWXOJIOFU~eCKyH) Tpyn- "OCTb pe"mTbcB "a "&4X', ~pe6yrouy~1 'OTK~~JTUR B ce6e my6n"?mx pecypco~'.

B ~nawianb"cm~ nna"e na""oe TP ucnonbsyeT cywecTse"- Hoe npOTHBOrLOCTaBne"We 'nsum?"we B ryuy/oTcyTcTskie =a- HOI-0 ABUXKeHUR'.

KOHTpaCT Mexny YKnoHeHneM w nocne~yIoue~ CnackiTenb- HOR A~qneR ycune" HX T~CH~UVI CO~O~OIK~HA~M B cmxe~"oR uenu (KOHTP TOXig) A B prrne cnY4aeB - 3aOCTpe"AeM YIum- "~HUR no npmmro '6erc~~a'.

(29) Cnacu~enb~oR AKUUW npennockmae'rcn MOM~HT "exena- "IIR nepcosaxa ,qeRCTBOBaTb, a w"orna n Berc~ea OT OnaCHOCTM.

llpu~ept~: Xamn UC~~P~IICIC~ codax, saxpuuafla u no6exana npovb om HUZ (If). O&H dpocunc~ dexamb, me3 HCI aepeso u C~P.WKZACI~ (JTT,. B 1'7 'Berc~sa "e'r, HO Y~no"e"we ~anb- %iKs., He cpasy pemalouerocn npblr"yTb c hmYTbl B Bony, rmwaep~"yTo IIOBTOPEHMEM (OTKA3HAFI napa Ywm"e"sie - Cna- cki'renb"a~~ A~uun noc'rpoe"a no ~o"cTpy~"md "Ynam c TpeTbeR nOnbJTKllM ) .

4.8. BeCnpeqeneHTHblA nocTynoK --TO YBEJIM~EHME Cnac~~enb"oR AKUMI~ M ee KOHTPACTA c Heane- KsaTHcm nemenb"ocTbhl II npynmm snwsonar"lI?.

90 TP, npwMe"neMoe npu ~aKTUB"OMI' BapUaHTe cnace- ~enb"oR Axuna, BAPbllPYET u YBEJIAWiBAET T~M~TWY~CKW BZX- "bm KoHTpaCT l.lexqay "pasyM"ocTm" HeaneKsaTHoR Aemenh- "CJCTH EI ""~~~~~M"ocT~Io" Cnacu~enb"oA AKIWW. Opxsrw"anb- "OCTb IlOcnenHeR npoFIsnFIeTcR B WCncmb30Ba"WW npenMeTcJB He no "a3"aYeHHIa M B npOTABOeCTeCTBe""blX cuTyaquEx TM- na 'no~e"~~anh~oro cb~"oy6~Rc~sa' (a~qm, ycyry6nmcxqy10 OrmCHOCTb, CM.4.9., cosepmaeT PO~CTBeHHUK).

nOA.PePKWBEtHHe '6e~npeuene"~"0~~~' Cnac~~enb"oR AK- will CTPOZITCR "a TOM, YTO Onrm3)IuHR 'UCKmo~WTenbHOe, y~~~a.nb"0e/06~e~"0e, M~CCOBO~' BAPbkIPYETCR qepe3 onno- 3mum 'OAri" Bu.qene""m4 qe"Tpanb"tJR repoR/nepu~epnR"a~ "epacsne"e""an MBCCB' A 'al"0 sbulene""oe TOYeYHOe nen- CTBU~/MHO~OKP~TH~~~ nnn pazi~h~~h~e ,neRc~~m'. HX COBMEUE- HHE naeT OCO~~HHO 3accrpe""di B~PW~HT Becr~peqene~~~oro n0crynKa: (30) nocne MHOl-OKpaTHmx "eaJleIcaaT"tax neAcTsuR HePaC-

YneHeHHOR hmccbl rnaB"bln repon COBepmaeT enM"U~"tm Twce'IHHtt IIOCTyncm, "a KOTOp0r.l COCpenOTa9*BaeTC* BHU- ~a"sie hmccbl; 3asepwe"ne Cnac~~enb"oR Axum OH npeno- CTaBnReT mcce."

llpu~epbl: B A apTmmepsicT pewaeT sblcTpenu~b 8 a~yny xi!?

nynm~ (am ST-OFo "e npen"a3"ase"""~), PHCKYR Y~IIT~ CM- "a; 3T" np"TWB"n"cTaBneH" YCT?lBH"MY CnaceHHM "'IenOBeKa 38 60~~0~" ny~e~ n"~kan~n non~w. Apwnnepmx IIP"TAB"~"- cra~ne" ~acce (M~TPOCOB B nonwe, 3pmeneU "a nany6e), a BblCTpen - 3T" mmnYHbIR wOjJUH ygap". nanee Manb'lUKOB noc'ra~n~e~ "a 60~~ AM~HH" n"n~a c M~TP"C~M (~.e. hmc- ca) .

B n eCTb MeTai$opwuecKuR aHan"r nymewIoro BblCTpena - CueHa np&isyxnelian MaJIb~IIIKa K npmwy: KanUmaH . . . npu- yenu~ca e cnxa u saxpuwui "3ncmpeno!" . . . TOUHO nywev- HOQ Rap0, UJlenHyAo meA ,"4anortuxa B soay<... Becnpeue- ne"THblX n"cTynKa snecb nsa, no vIlcny aKTUB"hlX repoe= - CnacMTenR (KamTaHa) u xepmwCnaCWTenfl (ManbVUHa). 06a OHH 06pa3ym K"HTP~CT no '~o~ewmcm, ?a-H"B~HH"CTA' K 3nu3"~y ~nuTenb""r" u n"CTene"""r" Bne3aHUFI "a MaTry "a rnasax y C0~yBCTBeHHOA, HO 6e3nePIc~~y101neR 'ronnlbl, a rIPkax"K B Bony - w KOHTPBCT no HarIpaBneHUm nswxe"n*.

4.9.rIpenenbH"e YxynweHEle npwcnace- " u u - 3~" BHE3AFlHMR IIOBOPOT, CBmblBaOtqHR CnacwTenb- HEX) AKUUH) u ~atc~~anb~y~) c'rene~b Ka~ac~p"@.

&wioe TP - KOHKPETM3AIWR li YBEJIII'IEHME M"TUB~ "~epa- SYMHOCTH" Cnacwrenb~on A~unli ny're~ ee COI'JIACOBAHMX c raben~,titm~ CBORCTB~MZI Ka~ampo@~: xapa~~ep~o~y nnn Cna- c~l'renb~"R AKUUU 'cnymy no ~ynrr' npMnaeTcn BwwiM"CTb 'nema"uR, "PiLla, npOCTepTOCTM' II T.rl. (m.(7)) TFiK."i-0 THrm, m'r"pb~R M"I' 6b1 6bl~b pe3ynb~a'r"~ HM~HH" na~~"r" pona KmampoO~. B 'I~LCTHOCTU, WM~~T M~CT" 'M~PTBO~OW~- HOC2 ' nelKa"ue (B npnM"M UJIA MeTa~opsiuecKoM cmcne).

T~KMM 06pa30~,na"~oe TP c'rpowrcrr no cxe~e BH-IlOB ""T "e"6pa~u~"r"" I2 u @u"anb"oe cnace"ne npencTaeT KaX cE3oero pona 'BocKpeceHne u3 MepTebIx':

(31) Cnacwrenb~a~ AKUMR ~~MB"~MT c~agana K non"oR 3a- B~PIU~HHOCTH 6enb1; ki"0l-m 3T" COCTORHne 3aKpermReTcR (YBEJI) M~KCMM~~~HOR CT~~A~~HOCT~~ ~"~"x~HuR rnep~~bl (nexalqero) , ee ~ep~~on"no6we~ n "P"W~CTB&~~M 3~a~.)l- TenbHOr" spehmJu*; IlAUlb 3aTer.l neM"HCTpMpyeTc~ nono- XATenbHbIA kicxon.

npMMepbl: B KM= ~anbwi~ nanae~ M 'repse~ c"zi~a~~le. B ,i7r Cnacwrenb~an AKUHII np~e"~(u~ K TOMY, 'lee rposxna Ka~a- CTP"W, - neB"xKa "Ka3taBaeTCR npOCTepTOR non "OesnoM, a SaTeM nexum . . . eofloeoii BHUZ u xe ueee~umc~. B DT aHaJI"rH~"Oe 'M~~TBO~O~O~U~' (non hwnsene~) RIBSIII~TCR nmm ~e~a@opwsec~m (repoR np~~~"pz=te~c~ M~PTBMM). B I7 Kmac~po0a ~"311~ ~anane~ue~ u "HO ~P"HCX"~HT, ~"nb~" cue "XYWAM" 06pa30~ (npmvx B mny); 3a're~ t.mnbvsi~ nonro He rI"~.a&?T npM3HaK"a xmsliu; npu 3T"M 0 Hw.4 FOB"- PUTCR KaK 0 mefle (HeU3BeCTH0, XUBOM nu).

* 3~ 'npoppw~e r,S~.wx, COBME&&?TC~ c npo&neanenr 3a~e~ne~un (CM.4.10).

4.10. 3aTeMHeHEie - 3'10 COBMEUEHME HAPACTAHMR Cnac~~enb~oR AKIIHH c IlPEnOAHECEHMEM ee pe3ynb~a~a.

3aTeMHeHue wH*oKo npwf.leHneTc~ B JluTepaType (B 9acr- HOCTH, y Tonc~oro, ~anpmdep, B cqe~e, me nonoxo~ ~a nap nbeT pot.3 Ha OKHe HOram kiapyxy, M B CueHe era nysnu c nbepoM) nnR 3l#$eKTHOFO nonw?pKMsaHki~ @iHanbHblX COCTO~MR.'~ IIoc'rene~~oe HAP, npononxa!oLqeec~ B Bune Ha- np~neii~oro ornkina~~~~, "WM KOHVUTCFI", M IIPEII, coc~omwe B YeTKOM pa3rpaHUVeHAU pe!synbTaTa Ii npe,nmecTayw3uero eMy "nyCTOr0 MeCTa", COBMEW~LDTCR c~~enyirxrwi~ 06pa30~:"'

(32) MOM~HT nepexona K Wmany HAP z~a~pbmae~cfi 0'1 ~a6mo- &a.Tenn (VHTaTenR, nepco~meU) saecoI\, ~o~opan 06pa- 3ye* "Hynb m~OpMaUMM~~ 0 npononxaameuc~ 3a HBR (u MMCJI~HHO npowpsmamo~) PX!BMTUA,CO~~~~R.

npmdephl: B HMF 3a~ehwemie COBMEUEHO c npenenb~fm Yxyn-. UEHH~M - M~JI~XHK 'rep%== cos~a~sie OT ynapa 06no~usmeRc~ B~TKU u IIPIIXOAUT B ce6~ yme nocne TPOEM. B ,Qr 3asecoR cnymu~ CAM Hocmenp OII~CHOCTM - noe3~, npuqe~ 3an?rvwe- HUe nponneI30 n*cnenyMulMM 'M~~TBO~O~O~HSM nexa~ne~' W(C?PTBM. B A 3a~ecy 06pa3ye~ nbm OT mdc'rpena y1 3a~pblBa- mie ma3 ynasmw~ ~a.se~h ~PTNJUI~PACTOM (onmb COBM c nPenenbmM Y~Ymmim?~, np~seh! '~ep~~onono6ne' nopaaae~ He xepmy, a xepmy-cnacmenn!). B 17 ~anba~~ c~phmae=- CR non BOAOzi, a IlpOgneHlleM 3aTeMHeHbin cnyx&imllT speMeHHoe ‘MepTBOllO~06kie’ era Tena (CM.4.9.).

4.11. Y c n 0 K 0 e H II e - COFJIACOBAHME I? COBMEIUEHUE Cnacu~~nb~~n AKUMM c B03BpWeHHblM nOKOS4. QYHKUWE ,Q~H- HOTO TP - llOnA9A nocnen~ero 6noxa UP, a 'ra.~xe 3aMblKa- Ime pahnwi Beer0 CmxeTa: Ycno~oe~ue RBJIXIBTCR IIOBTOPEHU- EM H~~I~JI~HOFO Y~wpo~~opemn u KOHTPACTHUM O~P~IWHU~M BTR~UB~HUR B Onac~oCTb.

YcnoKoeHue CnysEiT Ha'IanbHOB Qasoa Bossparae~~oro no- KOFI (a e&r&i TOT non~eprc~ COKPAUEHMIO - TO x 3a~euae~ er0) no IlBYM JIWHZIFIM:

(33) OCyTneCTBnEeTCR B03BpauIeHUe a) K COBM~CTHOMY npe6mmium BC~X repoe~ B Besonac-

HOM MeCTe; 6) K 6Y~m,wm, cnoc06a~ ~OB~~~HHFI, BHOB~ YMcZCTH61M.

'BOCCOenMHi?HUe' peanAJyeTcn B paSHhlX PaccKaSaX KaK 'no- CTamm UIIA 'ca~oc~omenb~oe ~03~pewewe Xep~shl B 6e3- onac~oe M~CTO, K~K 'y&mewie' HIM 'nmsnnauu~ Hocu- TWIFI OnaCHOCTU, inn xe ITaLK 'npucoenmeme npyrnx nep- co~amei? K repom B 661smeR onac~oA 3o~e. 'YM~CTHOCT~ =Pa- @~UIIOHH~ C~OCO~OB nosenemn' no npomec~sn~ Ka~ac'rpo0b1 ~1x60 npoc~o KOHKPETM3MPYETCR B K~KMB--TO "PYTUHHFJ~" neR- CTBHR (HanpwMeP, HblpRHAe MaTpOCOB 3a ?.mJIbVUKOM B m, ni.160 nonqep~bmae~c~ xx COrJlACOBAHUEM c ~HUIOTWXHMMN neRCTBAnMH, nOKa3aBm1?Mu CBOIO HeaneKBaTHOcTb B ycnoannx

44 A.K.%omo~c~ufi 2* M.K.l&ems

~nniR H COCT~BH~D( ZUEM~HTOB (Cp. pa6mb1 Greimas 1970, Bremond 1973, Rastier 1976).

* * *

JIMTEPATYPA