exercise 2

45
Explain the key words • 1.biological oxidation • 2.respiratory chain • 3.oxidative phosphorylation • 4.substrate level phosphorylati on • 5.p/o ratios

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biochemistry

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  • Explain the key words1.biological oxidation2.respiratory chain3.oxidative phosphorylation4.substrate level phosphorylation5.p/o ratios

  • List the order of two important respiratory chains .

  • 1.NADH equivalents are transported from the cytosol to the mitochondrial matrix by two shuttle systems: malate-aspartate shuttle and -glycerolphosphate shuttle.2.there are two respiratory chains in the inner membrane of mitochondria:_ NADH-linked respiratory chain and succinate-linked respiratory chain.3. In the NADH-linked respiratory chain, there are __3___ mol ATP produced on average, and in the succinate-linked respiratory chain, __2___ mol ATP produced on average.

  • 4. the flow of protons back to the matrix through ATP Synthase drives the synthesis of ATP.5. cytosolic NADH when oxidized via -glycerophosphate shuttle which gives rise to _2__ ATP, while oxidized via malate-asparate shuttle which gives rise to __3_ ATP.

  • NADH equivalents are transported from the cytosol to the mitochondrial matrix with which shuttle systems?A.glycerolphosphate shuttle B. malate-aspartate shuttleC.citrate-pyruvate cycle D.alanine-glucose cycle E. citrate acid cycle

  • Proton pumps are ( ) where protons flow from the matrix to the intermembrane space and a membrane potential is formedA . ComplexB. Complex C. Complex D. Complex E. ATP Synthase

  • How many ATPs will be produced when 1 cytosolic NADH is transported into the mitochondria by -glycerophosphate shuttle? A1 B2 C3 D4 E 5

  • The coenzyme of -glycerophosphate dehydrogenase in mitochondria isAFADBFMNCNAD+DNADP+EHSCoA

  • Which is not the energy-rich compound?A .CP B. ATP C. PEP D. 1,3-bisphoglycerate E. 2,3-bisphoglycerate

  • the sequence of cytochrome in respiratory chain is :

    A. c----c1----b----aa3----O2 B. c1---- c ----b----aa3----O2 C. b ----c1---- c ----aa3----O2 D. b ---- c ---- c1 ----aa3----O2 E. c---- b ---- c1 ----aa3----O2

  • which of the following is not part of the electron transport chain

    A. cytochrome C B. coenzyme Q C. iron-sulfur proteinsD. cytochrome P450 E. cytochrome oxidase

  • Which of following metabolic process is not completed in mitochondrion?

    Acitric acid cycleB-oxidation of fatty acidCelectron transport chainDglycolysisEoxidative phosphorylation

  • Which of the following takes place during oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria?A Protons are pumped from the matrix to the intermembrane spaceB Protons are pumped from the intermembrane space to the matrixC Electrons are pumped from the matrix to the intermembrane spaceD Electrons are pumped from the intermembrane space to the matrixE NADH is pumped from the matrix to the intermembrane space

  • *1. in the TAC , which reaction contains substrate level phosphorylation( C )

  • *2 . In the TAC , which reaction dont dehydrogenate succinate( A )

  • *A. Citrate synthase 3 . In the TAC, the oxidative decarboxylation is catalyzed byC. Succinate dehydrogenase B. Fumarase D. Isocitrate dehydrogenase E. -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase ( D E)

  • *4. The production of the TAC are( ABCD)

  • *the key enzymes of Krebs Cycle

    A. citrate synthase B. isocitrate dehydrogenase C. -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase D. Fumarase E. Malate dehydrogenase ( ABC)

  • *6. how many ATP are produced by the oxidation of a molecule of aceyl CoA via the citric acid cycle9 ATP 10 ATP 11 ATP12 ATP 13 ATP ( D)

  • *7. The TAC will speed up whenhigh ADP , low ATPHigh ATPHigh NADH High succinyl CoA high citrate(A)

  • 8. Which process take place in the mitochondria of eukaryotes A . Glycolysis B. gluconeogenesis C. TAC cycleD. glycogen synthesis E. pentose phosphate pathway*(C)

  • *Which enzyme use FAD+ as coenzyme A . Lactate dehydrogenase B. isocitrate dehydrogenase C. succinate dehydrogenaseD. -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex.E. malate dehydrogenase.

    (C)

  • *10. Please explain the process of biological oxidation.

  • *11. Description the highlight and main role of TACThe main role of TAC : ) the oxidation of acetyl CoA to CO2 and H2O ) produces energy, ) produces precursors for many biosynthetic pathways

  • * a. the reaction site: in the mitochondria of eukaryotes in the cytosol of prokaryotes . b. the producion: 1 molecule of FADH2 3 molecules of NADH + H+ 1 molecule of GTP 2 molecules of CO2

    c. The key enzyme 1) citrate synthase 2) isocitrate dehydrogenase 3)-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase d. the production of energy 12 ATP highlight of TCA cycle

  • *12. Write down the reaction that produce acetyl CoA from pyruvate . Summary the main metabolism direction of acetyl CoA .

    acetyl CoAConverted into ketone bodies go into TAC fatty acid cholesterol synthesis

  • 1. Rotenone inhibit electron transport at ( )A. NADH dehydrogenaseB. cytochrome bc1 complexC. cytochrome oxidase D. Succinate Q dehydrogenase E. cytochrome c( A )

  • 2. antimycin A inhibit electron transport at ( )A. NADH dehydrogenaseB. cytochrome bc1 complexC. cytochrome oxidase D. Succinate Q dehydrogenase E. cytochrome c( B )

  • 3. carbon monoxide (CO) inhibit electron transport at ( )A. NADH dehydrogenaseB. cytochrome bc1 complexC. cytochrome oxidase D. Succinate Q dehydrogenase E. cytochrome c( C )

  • 4. Coupling site of electron transport and phosphorylation are( ) A. complex B. complex C. complex D. complex E. complex ( A,C,D )

  • 5 . The two ways to synthesize ATP are ( ) and ( )

    -Oxidative phosphorylation -substrate level phosphorylation

  • 6. The mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation is ( )

    -Chemiosmotic hypothesis

  • 7. the enzyme that actually synthesis ATP is ( ), it is made up of ( )unit and ( ) unit

    ATP synthase F0 , F1

  • 8. NADH produced in the cytoplasm must be reoxidized via a membrane shuttle . The two shuttle system are ( ) and ( )-glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle-Malate-asparate shuttle

  • 9 . If ADP is high, The Oxidative phosphorylation and Oxygen consumption will ( ) .

    if ADP is low , The Oxidative phosphorylation and Oxygen consumption will ( )

    rises , falls

  • 10 . the chemicals that can uncouple the electron transport with the ATP synthesis are ( ) and ( ) DNP, Uncoupling protein

  • 11. Explain : How uncoupling protein uncouple the electron transport and phosphorylation ?

  • 12 . 1 molecule of pyruvate can produce ( ) ATPs .write down the main reaction that produced ATP .15 ATPS

  • pyruvateacetyl-CoAPyruvate dehydrogenase NAD+NADHacetyl-CoA go into the TCA cycle . the TCA cycle can porduce 12 ATPs NADH go into NADH respiratory chain produce 3 ATPsSo ,total 15 ATPs are synthesized pre pyruvate is oxidized .

  • 13. Write down the 3 reactions we have learned that synthesize ATP or GTP through substrate level phosphorylation

  • Complex: NADH dehydrogenase or called NADH-CoQ reductasecomplex : Succinate-coenzyme Q reductase complex : Cytochrome bc1 complex or called cytochrome reductase complex : Cytochrome oxidase 1. Description Composition of respiratory chain complex ( 4 or 5 scores)

  • NADHCoQcomplex2. Write down the two respiratory chain ( 6 cores) FADH2 respiratory chainNADH respiratory chain

  • 3. Filling the blank There is two respiratory chain in the body : that is ( ) and ( )NADH respiratory chainFADH2 respiratory chain

  • 4. Explain : electron transport chain Electron transport chain: The electrons are transferred from NADH to oxygen along a chain of electron carriers collectively called electron transport chain , also called respiratory chain.

  • 5. Choice the sequence of Cytochoreme in respiratory chain A . c c1 b aa3 O2B . c1 c b aa3 O2C. b c1 c aa3 O2 D. b c c1 aa3 O2 E. c b c1 aa3 O2