Exploration and Practice of China’s Forest

Carbon Management

中国林业碳管理的探索与实践

Secretary-General of China Green Carbon Foundation

Deputy Director-General of Climate Change Office, State

Forestry Administration, P.R.China Dec.8th.2014, Lima,Peru

Li Nuyun

李怒云

Outline 主要内容

Ⅰ. China expands forest cover fast.

Ⅱ. The forestry action to address climate change in China.

Ⅲ .Forest carbon trade increase farmers’ income.

一.中国森林植被快速增加

二、林业应对气候变化行动

三、碳汇交易促进农民增收

Ⅰ. China Increase Forest Cover Rapidly 中国快速增加森林植被

• Forest area 208 millions ha; Forest coverage 21.63%;

Forest stock volume 15.2 billion m3 ; Plantation area 69

million ha; Forest carbon storage 8.4 billion ton.

• 40 million ha of barren hills and wastelands.

• 60% of young forest need further tending.

• Total forest carbon 421 million ton (7% of total CO2

emission). 森林面积2.08亿公顷，森林覆盖率21.63%，森林蓄积151 . 37亿立方米，人工林面积0.69亿公顷，森林总碳储量84.2吨。约有3957万公顷宜林荒山荒地可造林 ;现有林60%以上是中幼龄林亟待抚育均可增汇。2013年温室气体清单：碳汇 4.21亿吨，占当年CO2排放总量的7% .

2. Afforestation made Notable Difference

Before planting

Afterward

The Royal Canadian Academy of Sciences：

• USA: Forest Carbon Sink were stable in 30 years.

• CHN: Forest carbon sink increase fast.

• 1999-2008 biomass: CHN > USA

3. Chinese Forest Carbon Sink Exceed USA 中国森林生物量碳汇超过美国

CHN/USA: Comparison of young forest percentage

USA 147.0 Tg /a

CHN 174.0 Tg/a

加拿大皇家科学院院士陈镜明教授团队研究表明，中国森林碳汇已经接近甚至超过美国。美国森林碳汇近30年基本稳定。中国森林年龄低于美国，所以森林碳汇不断增长。1999—2008 年中国林分生物量碳汇已超过美国.

•Put forward in Sydney Declaration 2007,

the area of forests in Asia-Pacific region

will expand by 20 million ha by 2020.

China has increased by 12.23 million ha.

China alone can fulfill the target.

•Proposed in 2014 APEC in Beijing , the

Sydney forest goal will be evaluated.

自2007年APEC《悉尼宣言》提出“到2020年亚太地区森林面积增加

2000万公顷”目标以来，中国森林面积已增加1223万公顷。仅中国

就可全完成其目标。2014 APEC会议决定对该目标进行评估。

4.China’s Promise in APEC Sydney Declaration 为 2007 APEC会议增加森林面积目标做贡献

Ⅱ. The forestry action to address climate

change in China

1.Realize the Twelfth Five Plan and Forest Action Plan 落实十二五规划和行动计划

序号 Key field 重点领域 Major action 主要行动 备注

1

Afforestation

领域一：植树造林

1：voluntary tree planting 大力推进全民义务植树

Forest

Mitigat

ion

activity 减缓重点领域

和主要行动

2 2： Afforestation 实施重点工程造林，不断扩大森林面积

3 3：Timber forest 加快珍贵树种用材林培育

4 Forestry Biomass Energy 领域二：林业生物质能源

4：Forest resource processing 能源林培育一体化项目

5 Sustainable Forest Management

领域三：森林可持续经营

5：SFM Project 实施森林经营项目

6 6：Forest tending 扩大封山育林面积，科学改造人工纯林

7

Forest Resource Conservation

领域四：森林资源保护

7：Manage cutting 加强森林资源采伐管理

8 8：Forest law 加强林地征占用管理 9：提高林业执法能力

10 10：Forest fire 提高森林火灾防控能力

11 11: Prevent Forest pest 提高森林病虫属兔危害的防控能力

12 Forestry Industry 领域五：林业产业

12：Rational Develop 合理开发和利用生物质材料

13 13：wood cyclic use 加强木材高效循环利用

14 Wetland Restoration\Protection\Use 领域六：湿地恢复、保护和利用

14： Protect Wetland 开展重要湿地的抢救性保护与恢复

15 15：Farming and fishing 开展农牧渔业可持续利用示范

1. Forestry Actions to Address Climate Change

8

16 Forest

ecosystem

1.森林生态系统

1：Forest Adaptation 提高人工林生态系统的适应性

Forestry

Adaptation

Action

适应气候变化的重

点领域和主要行动

17 2：Species conservation 建立典型森林物种自然保护区

18 3：Enhance protection 加大重点物种保护力度

19 4：Monitoring 提高野生动物疫源疫病监测预警能力

20 Desert

ecosystem 2.荒漠生态系统

5：Prevent desertification 加强荒漠化地区的植被保护

21 Wetland

Ecosystem 3.湿地生态系统

6：Wetland conservation 加强湿地保护的基础工作

22 7：Set up wetland nature reserve system

建立和完善湿地自然保护区网络

Forestry Adaptation Action 适应气候变化行动

2. China’s Emission Reduction Target on Forestry 林业措施是中国承诺的碳减排目标之一

By 2020(compare to 2005 level):

• CO2 emissions /unit of GDP reduced by 40% ~ 45%

• Non-fossil fuels/primary energy = 15%

• Increase: forest area 40 million ha , standing volume 1.3 billion m3.

• 到2020年比2005年：

• 单位国内生产总值CO2排放下降40％－45％; • 非化石能源占一次能源消费的比重达到15％左右；

• 通过植树造林和加强森林管理，增加森林面积4000万公顷、森林蓄积13亿立方米。

Reduce forest fire by 30%

combat desertification 1.5 million ha

restore wetland 0.1 million ha

protect > 30 endangered species

Prevent and attack poachers

3.Efficient Work for Climate Change Adaptation 林业各类措施成效显著

4.Develop Forest Industry in Various Way 林业产业得到发展

Plantation 木材培育

Sand industry 沙产业

Widelife 野生动物

Biotechnology 林业生物

Nursery stock 花卉苗木

Bamboo industry 竹产业

Woody grain 木本粮油

Forest tourism 森林旅游

Under forest 林下经济

Forest industry 林产工业

Forestry Production: 2002 RMB460 billion 2020 RMB8,000 billion 林业产值： 2002年0.46万亿;2020年8万亿

5.Forest Help City Adapt to Climate Change

森林助力城市适应气候变化

Forest is important infrastructure 森林是城市最重要基础设施之一

6. Administrations for Climate Change Dept 成立应对气候变化管理机构

SFA

Forest Carbon

Management Office

Forest Energy Office

Asia-pacific forestry

Organization CGCF

5 Carbon Accounting

and Monitoring

Centers

15 Carbon Accounting Institutes

From the year of 2003,

SFA had set up several

climate change Depts.

5. Principle for Carbon Sequestration forestry in China 重视林业多种效益

* Service to national strategy and sustainable development

* To achieve forest multiple benefits. carbon sink,

biodiversity, environment, community development etc;

* To create technical system that conforms to

international rules and Chinese practice;

* To raise the public awareness of climate change;

* To cultivate ecosystem service market . 中国提倡的碳汇林业 符合国家可持续发展要求和应对气候变化国家战略；除积累碳汇外，确保森林生态系统稳定

和服务功能 促进社区发展、生物多样性和生态保护---森林多重效益；建立与国际接轨并符合中国实际的技术支撑体系；促进公众应对气候变化意识提高；推动森林生态服务市场发育。

6 . Methodology for Carbon Sequestration Project

编制营造林碳汇项目方法学

Methodoloty

Afforestation projects

Bamboo projects

Shrub projects

Forest Management projects

City forest projects

Farmers’ forest projects

for

The 1st Reforestation Methodology Approved by EB

Facilitating Reforestation for Guangxi Watershed Management

in Pearl River Basin;

Plantation 4,000 ha, World Bank-Bio Carbon Fund pay US$2

million to buy 0.48 million t CO2-e;

Price: US$ 4.35/t CO2 -e

Key of success: carbon sequestration, biodiversity

conservation, soil erosion control, local livelihood improvement.

全球第一个获得批准的再造林方法学 “中国广西珠江流域治理再造林项目”

2006年始广西苍梧、环江县营造4000公顷人工林, 世界银行生物碳基金付200万美元，购买48万吨 CO2-e。价格：4.35美元/吨。项目成功的关键：除吸收大气中的 CO2 外，还增加当地农民就业和收入、涵养水源、保护生态、保护生物多样性多重效益！

7.The Global First CDM Forest Carbon Project 成功实施全球首个CDM碳汇项目

In 2010, UNFCCC conference in Tianjin, China.

Contributed Carbon Emissions: 12,000 t CO2 -e .

CGCF support US$ 0.56 million to plantation 333 ha to offset it.

8. Forest Carbon Neutral for Various Activities 开展各类会议碳 中和

2010年，联合国气候变化天津会议产生1.2万吨碳放，CGCF出资375万元，在山西造林5000亩十年全部抵消。

2014 APEC Meeting Carbon Neutral 2014年APEC 会议周碳中和林

APEC meeting contributed 6,371t CO 2-e, CGCF support

to plantation 15 ha to offset the emission.

APEC会议周共排放6371吨CO2 e，种树1274亩实现会议碳中和

Emission Measured by Qualified Institute;

Companies donate to A/R to offset their emissions. 测算企业年生产过程的碳排放，由企业捐资造林予以中和. .

9. Carbon Neutral Action by Enterprise 促进企业利用碳汇实现碳中和

By June. 2013 ,

got more than

U.S$ 110

millions for

donation 募集资金7亿多元

10. Established China Green Carbon Foundation 成立公募碳基金会-----中国绿色碳汇基金会

CGCF is the 1st Nationwide public benefit Fund for Climate Change

11. The Overall Framework of China Green

Carbon Foundation

China Green Carbon Foundation

中国绿色碳汇基金会

The Fund Council 专项基金理事会

Council 理事会

Stage 1 第一阶段

Corporations & individuals

donate 企业和个人捐资

Implementing the programs 组织项目实施

Carbon Accounting and Monitoring assigned to SFA

制定碳汇计量监测计划等

On-line public notification 网上公示

Stage 2 第二阶段

Organizing tree planting

for carbon Sequestration

组织碳汇造林

Entering Stage 3 进入 第三阶段

The planters own the forest property

造林所有权归造林者

Returns gained from market 销售林木果实获利

Increasing the income of the householders

促进农民增收

Plant, inspect and Account

造林、碳汇计量等

22

★

★

★

★

★ ★

★

★ ★

★ ★

A/R land 碳汇造林地

12.Carbon Sequestration Afforestation Project

开展碳汇造林

CGCF has support farmers plantation more than 80,000 ha in 20

provinces 已在全国20多个省（区市）营造碳汇林120多万亩。

“Buy” carbon sequestration online

13. Gift Card Series Issued by CGCF 开发碳汇公益礼品卡

Teachers' Day Card

Grown Up Gift

Valentine’s Day Card

14. Buy Carbon Credit = Voluntary tree planting 公众购买碳汇履行义务植树

Beijing New Regulation:“ Buy” 10 USD carbon

credit to fulfill tree-planting obligation.

citizen buy carbon credit in Beijing

与北京二外附中合作编写了四本教材已进入课堂

15. Raise Teenage Awareness of Low-carbon Life 出版发行中学生碳汇教材

Compiled 4 textbooks about forest and climate change

16.CGCF Set Up Volunteer Stations Nationwide 建立各类志愿者工作站

Forest cover 40% Standing volume 40%

Forest management 20%

Ⅲ. Forest Carbon Trade Benefits Stakeholder 1. 碳汇交易助力企业减排农民增收

• National strategy: increase forest cover and standing volume.

• Since 2011, Chinese Gov. started 7 pilot carbon trading. --林业”双增“目标作为约束性指标纳入国民经济和社会发展中长期规划。 --2011年国家启动7省（市）碳交易试点，推动实现碳减排目标 。

30

SHENZHEN

SHANGHAI BEIJING GUANGZHOU

Trade carbon credit is mainly industrial emission , there are 5-10% carbon emission can be offset by CCER, including forest carbon .7个碳市场交易的是配额，有5--10%可购买抵消量（CCER）包括林业碳汇减排量

Compliance Carbon Trade Market Opened in 7 cities

2. Pilot Cap and Trade System in China 7省（市）碳交易市场开业

3. China’s 1st CCER Forest Project 中国首个CCER 林业项目

Afforestation Carbon Sequestration Projects in

Guangdong province 广东长隆碳汇造林项目,1.3万亩，34万吨

NDRC approved 3 methodology on forest carbon projects : A/R projects; Bamboo projects; SFM projects

We succeed in the first CCER forest project in China ,the area is

867 ha in Guangdong. 340 thousand ton CO2e in future 20 years。 国家发改委批准三个林业碳汇方法学：碳汇造林、竹林碳汇、森林经营。

Since 2011, CGCF carry out pilot voluntary carbon trade. 11 corporations bought 154 thousand tons carbon credit.

2011年开展碳汇自愿交易试点：有阿里巴巴等11家企业和单位购买 碳汇减排量15.4万吨，18-30元 /吨。

4. Started Pilot Voluntary Forest Carbon Trade 开展自愿碳汇交易试点

Pilot Trade in East China

Foerstry Exchange 林业碳汇交易试点

SFM project: 5USD/ton 森林经营项目：30元/吨

Afforestation Project: 3USD/ton 造林项目：18元/吨

5. Consolidate the Reform of Tenure

in Collective Forests 中国的集体林权制度改革

Total Forest area: 304 million ha, Collective Forest area: 182 million

ha farmers have the forest right to use and benefit in 70 years. 中国现有林地45.6亿亩，其中集体林地27.37亿亩。农民可获得70年可以继承的林地使用权、林木所有和收益权。

6. Farmer’ Benefit from Carbon Trade

碳汇交易促进农民增收 Help Farmers to:

• Compile sustainable forest management plan;

• Carry out Carbon Accounting—Registration--issuing;

• Sell carbon credit in voluntary carbon market in China. 农民获得: 林地使用权、林木所有权、收益权等 帮助农民编制可持续经营方案----碳汇计量----注册—发碳汇证----托管到交易所——出售碳汇获益！

Farmer

农户

Accounting Agency

计量团队

Validate Agency

核证机构

Registry Platform

注册平台

East China Foerstry Exchange

华东林权交易所

Gov office

临安市林业局 Carbon credit

碳汇指标

6.

Forest

Carbon

Trade

System

For

Farmer

Trade 交易

Certificate 制定管理办法

Apply 报送经营活动信息

Public buyer 公众购买

SFM Plan 森林经营方案和碳计量

List of Forest Projects for 42 farmers 临安42户参与项目农户林地汇总表

Methodology and Accounting for Farmers’ Project 方法学及农户林木碳汇计量

Methodology of Forest Management

Carbon Sequestration Project

Forestry-Industrial Standard for Carbon Sequestration 林业碳汇项目审定核查行业标准

Guide to verify forest carbon

Drafting Guidelines for

validation and verification

of forest carbon projects

in China’ in 2013.

The Guidelines became

standard of forestry sector

when it was approved by

SFA in 2014. 2013年编制《中国林业碳汇项目审定与核证指南》， 2014年被国家林业局批准为林业行业标制

China’s Forestry carbon sequestration Register System 临安农户森林经营碳汇项目注册管理系统

Pilot Projects 临安试点项目

Log in 系统入口

Trade Framework of East China

Foerstry Exchange

Hosted platform 托管平台

Trade platform 交易平台

E

ast C

hin

a

Foerstry

Exch

an

ge

华东林权所

Register 托管登记

HostedService 托管服务

OtherService 其它服务

Original Register 初始登记

Amendment 变更登记

Cancellation 注销登记

Report loss 账户卡挂失

Info-query 账户信息查询

Info-open 账户信息公开

Consultant 顾问咨询服务

TradeService 交易服务

Fund settlement 资金结算

华东林业产权交易所－交易框架

8. Issue Forest Carbon Certification to Farmers

给农民发放碳汇证

Record estimated carbon credit on the certificate for evidence 向农民发放碳汇证，记录农民林地预估碳汇量，作为交易的凭证之一。

9. Carbon Trade Happen among 3 Sides 农户与交易所和买方签约

Buyer

East China Forestry Exchange

Farmer

10.Enterprise Buy Forest Carbon to Offset Emission 浙江建行购买用于碳中和

•Zhejiang Branch of China

Construction Bank Contribute

12,000 ton of CO2 per year.

•Buy forest carbon to make

carbon neutral for the Bank.

11. Individual can Buy Credit to

Offset Carbon Footprint Mark of carbon offset

碳补偿标识－车贴

Certificate of carbon offset 个人购买荣誉凭证

$ 49 for 10 tons of Carbon credit 高升奇出资300元购买了10吨

Forest Carbon Partnership Facility 世界银行代管

参加森林碳伙伴基金会议

Service to

37 REDD

Project

主要用于37个热带国家的REDD项目

2012巴拉圭

12. Focus on Methodology for Forest Carbon Project 聚焦碳汇项目方法学---2012多哈边会

We issued bamboo forest methodology during COP18 in Doha. 2012年多哈联合国气候大会,发布中国首个竹林碳汇项目方法学

“forestry carbon property and standardization”

“林业碳汇的产权与标准化”

47

13. Focus on Carbon Sink Property Right 聚焦碳汇产权---2013年华沙边会

14. Focus on Forest Carbon Trade 聚焦碳汇交易促农增收---2014年秘鲁边会

Summery 结束语

• Increase carbon credits by A/R and protect

forest to reduce emissions from them.

• Take action with enterprises and public to reduce

human induced harm on earth,

• Practice low-carbon life to protect our earth,

which is our only home.

• 造林增汇、保林减排！ 让我们都行的起来，动员企业和公众，

• 实践低碳生产和低碳生活，减少人类对地球的伤害，保护地球家园！

谢谢！

Thanks for your attention!

86-10-84238516

linuyun516@vip.sina.com China Green Carbon Foundation www.thjj.org