exponential growth “j curve” population growth patterns type of growth?

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CHAPTER 52: POPULATION ECOLOGY

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Page 1: Exponential growth “J curve” Population Growth Patterns Type of Growth?

CHAPTER 52: POPULATION ECOLOGY

Page 2: Exponential growth “J curve” Population Growth Patterns Type of Growth?

POPULATION DISPERSION PATTERNS

Page 3: Exponential growth “J curve” Population Growth Patterns Type of Growth?

Exponential growth “J curve”

Population Growth Patterns Type of Growth?

Page 4: Exponential growth “J curve” Population Growth Patterns Type of Growth?

Population Growth PatternsSome populations of organisms reach a plateau in their growth. This is called their carrying capacity. These populations are said to be growing with logistical growth.

“S curve”

carrying capacity

Page 5: Exponential growth “J curve” Population Growth Patterns Type of Growth?

Carrying capacity – The number of organisms that can be supported by a particular ecosystem *within natural resource limits-without destroying it.

*Limiting Factors…

Page 6: Exponential growth “J curve” Population Growth Patterns Type of Growth?

Population Growth Patterns1. What is the carrying capacity of the

population on the right?2. About how many days did it take for

the population to reach carrying capacity?

3. Which of the following is probably NOT a reason the population reached and maintained a plateau?a. limits in food supplyb. competition with other speciesc. competition for spaced. a major storm

Logistical vs. Exponential

Page 7: Exponential growth “J curve” Population Growth Patterns Type of Growth?

Population Growth Patterns• What is the carrying capacity of the

population on the right? around 135 individuals

• About how many days did it take for the population to reach carrying capacity? about 80 days

• Which of the following is probably NOT a reason the population reached and maintained a plateau?a. limits in food supplyb. competition with other speciesc. competition for spaced. a major storm would probably not cause a population to maintain its size

Logistical vs. Exponential

Page 8: Exponential growth “J curve” Population Growth Patterns Type of Growth?

...THE MATH…

N = Population SIze

dN = Change in Population Size

dt = Change in Time; generation

r = 1.0 = BR – DR (2-1 in this case)

1,500 = ?

*N small compared to K- Max rate of Increase

*N large/K limiting, Rate of increase is small (K-N/K is close to zero)

Page 9: Exponential growth “J curve” Population Growth Patterns Type of Growth?

N = Population SIze

dN = Change in Population Size

dt = Change in Time; generation

r = 1.0 = BR – DR (2-1 in this case)

1,500 = ?

*N small compared to K- Max rate of Increase

*N large/K limiting, Rate of increase is small (K-N/K is close to zero)

Page 10: Exponential growth “J curve” Population Growth Patterns Type of Growth?

POPULATION DYNAMICS

Birth rate/Death rateUnited States 14.1/8.7 Australia 12.7/7.3 Iraq 34.2/6.0 Japan 10.0/8.5

Italy 8.9/10.1 Russia 9.7/13.9

Other Factors?

Migration: Emigration,Immigration

Why?….for people… Life Expectancy,Health

Care,Sanitation Economics,Quality of

Life,Education

Page 11: Exponential growth “J curve” Population Growth Patterns Type of Growth?

Density Dependent Factors: related to the density of the population. (disease, predation, competition)

Density Independent Factors: Not related to population size (killing frost, severe blizzard, hurricane, etc)

DENSITY DEPENDENTVSINDEPENDENT FACTORS

Page 12: Exponential growth “J curve” Population Growth Patterns Type of Growth?

Three Patterns of Population

Growth

Causes?

Page 13: Exponential growth “J curve” Population Growth Patterns Type of Growth?

CENSUS BUREAU

http://www.census.gov/population/international/data/ International Data China

Single Birth Policy When Instituted?

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1978: SINGLE BIRTH POLICY: CHINA

In 1990?

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R STRATEGISTS VS K STRATEGISTS

HW 52-9

Handout: Review of characteristics, curves

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SURVIVORSHIP CURVES

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SURVIVORSHIP CURVES

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P/S:Compare how

matter and energy operate in ecosystems?

(Are they recycled)?

HW Ch54-2

Matter and Energy in an Ecosystem

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ENERGY FLOW THROUGH ECOSYSTEMS

Text p1167

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10% RULE

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PYRAMID OF ENERGY:

Shows the energy available at each trophic level. The size of the blocks represents the proportion

of energy Measured in Joules or Calories

Page 23: Exponential growth “J curve” Population Growth Patterns Type of Growth?

PYRAMID OF BIOMASS:

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PYRAMID OF NUMBERS: Illustration of the number of organisms at each level

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TROPHIC LEVELS

Usually 5 max Number of

energy steps from the sun

Tropho = nourishment

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FOOD

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KEYSTONE VS DOMINANT SPECIES

Definitions: ? HW Ch 53-10

P/S: Humans: keystone or dominant species? Dominant: Most abundant species in a community Keystone: Species that has greater influence on

community structure than you would predict based on #’s. Maintains species diversity (predation)

Grey Wolf Fig Tree ?

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DDT1962

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Persistence: Characteristics of certain chemicals that are extremely stable and may take many years to be broken down into simpler forms by a natural process.

Biological Accumulation: Buildup of a persistent toxic substance such as pesticides, in an organisms body.

Biological Magnification: The increase in concentration of a persistent toxin in the tissues of organisms at higher trophic levels. HW54-7