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MY PERSONAL DATA
Name Wedad Yassin Hassan Awliya Address King Saud University, College of Dentistry Department of Restorative Dental Sciences Division of Operative Dentistry P.O. Box 5967, Riyadh 11432 Saudi Arabia
Nationality SaudiLanguages Spoken Arabic and English Marital Status widow with one son and three daughters Telephone (Office) 011 8051371Email Address [email protected]
Academic Degrees:1992 – 1996 Master in Restorative Dental Science. University of Michigan Rackham Graduate School Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA Master of Dental Science
978 – 1984 Bachelor of Dental Science. King Saud University, College of Dentistry BDS Degree in Dentistry
Current Academic Position:
Position Professor
Institution King Saud University, College of Dentistry
Employment and Administrative History:
2006 – Present Vice-Dean for Female student’s affairs College of Dentistry, King Saud University
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2008 – Present Professor Department of Restorative Dental Sciences
2005 – 2008 Associate Professor & Faculty Member Department of Restorative Dental Sciences
2000 – 2006 Director of Clinics College of Dentistry, King Saud University Malaz University Campus
2000 – 2003 Assistant Professor Department of Restorative Dental Sciences
1999 –2006 Store Coordinator College of Dentistry, King Saud University Malaz University Campus
1996 - 2000 Lecturer Department of Restorative Dental Sciences
1986 – 1996 Demonstrator Department of Restorative Dental Sciences
Awards and Honors:
· Graduated with 2nd class honor (college of dentistry, King Saud university) 1984
· Recipient of the Saudi Mission Award in USA, 1996
· 1st Prize for Table clinic presentation for the research entitled “ Leakage path way of class V cavities restored with different flowable composite- Scanning electron microscope study “ presented in the 18th Saudi international dental congress of the Saudi Dental Society on January 29,2007
· Awarded Medal of Excellence as a leader during the Women's higher education symposium: growth to competition in the period from 2-3/3/1434
Participation in National Conferences & Symposia:
1. Fifth International Symposium on Restorative Dentistry entitled “The impact of recent development in clinical practice” on April 7, 1997.
2. Fifth Saudi Dental Congress sponsored by the Ministry of Health on October 13-16, 1997.
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3. 10th Saudi International Conference, March 23-26, 1998.
4. Lecture sponsored by the Saudi Dental Society entitled “Mouth rinses in the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease and mouth washes chemical contents on April 18, 1999
5. Lecture entitled “Esthetic dentistry in the 21st century” on May 14, 1999.
6. Saudi Dental Society Annual Meeting, October 5, 1999.
7. 6th Saudi Dental Society Annual Meeting, November 6-9, 1999.
8. 11th Saudi International Dental Meeting, February 28 – March 2, 2000.
9. Continuing Dental Education Course on Complex Aesthetic Treatment, March 1, 2000.
10. Lecture sponsored by the Saudi Dental Society and Saudi Restorative Club entitled “Tissue management and whitening” on November 13, 2000.
11. Annual Scientific and Membership Meeting of the Saudi Dental Society, January 23-25, 2001.
12. Lecture of the Saudi Periodontal Club entitled “Plaque control for periodontal patients” on May 10, 2001.
13. Lecture of the Saudi Restorative Club entitled “Esthetic in restorative dentistry” on November 1, 2001.
14. Annual Scientific and Membership Meeting of the Saudi Dental Society and General Meeting of the IADR Saudi Arabian Section, Twaiq Palace, Diplomatic Quarter, Riyadh, February 5-7, 2002.
15. Symposium of the Saudi Restorative Dentistry Club entitled “Esthetic Dentistry” on April 20, 2002.
16. 7th Saudi Dental Congress sponsored by the Ministry of Health on April 27-30, 2002.
17. 6th Makah Dental Meeting held in Makah on October 22-24, 2002.
18. Annual Scientific and Membership Meeting of the Saudi Dental Society and General Assembly of the IADR Saudi Arabian Section on January 4-6, 2003.
19. Annual Scientific and Membership Meeting of the Saudi Dental Society and General Assembly of the IADR Saudi Arabian Section on January 4-6, 2003.
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20. Annual Scientific and Membership Meeting of the Saudi Dental Society and General Assembly of the IADR Saudi Arabian Section on January 4-6, 2003.
21. Annual Scientific and Membership Meeting of the Saudi Dental Society and General Assembly of the IADR Saudi Arabian Section on January 4-6, 2003.
22. Annual Scientific and Membership Meeting of the Saudi Dental Society and General Assembly of the IADR Saudi Arabian Section on January 4-6, 2003.
23. Attended the Annual Scientific and Membership Meeting of the Saudi Dental Society and General Meeting of the IADR Saudi Arabian Section on 17-19 January 2004
24. Attended the Annual Scientific and Membership Meeting of the Saudi Dental Society and General Meeting of the IADR Saudi Arabian Section meeting on 10-13 January 2005
25. Attended the 17th Saudi international dental congress of the Saudi Dental Society on January 28-31/2006
26. Attended the Saudi Dental Society symposium in collaboration with 3M ESPE held 6 April 2006 on topics “Clinical aspects of performing local anesthesia in dentistry” “The art of color layering with Nanocomposites” “Reliable adhesion-how do we get there? “Trends in cementation” and “Are Glass ionomers A thing of past or the wave of future”
27. Attended 2nd Jeddah Dental Esthetic Conference held on 24-27 April,2006
28. Attended the scientific activities of Saudi Dental Society on Topic: Amalgam Restorations: Usage and Safety Issues” on November 5, 2006
29. Attended 1st Riyadh international dental and healthcare meeting and 1st Arab international dental education meeting and 1st oral health status and prevention strategies meeting on 11-13 November 2006.
30. Attended the 18th Saudi international dental congress of the Saudi Dental Society on January 29-31,2007
31. Attended the 19th Saudi international dental congress of the Saudi Dental Society on march 29-31,2008
32. Attended the 12th Saudi international dental congress organized by college of dentistry/ king Saud university on 29-31 april,2008
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33. The twentieth internal dental conference for the Saudi Dental society and the second for the National Guard hospital “ New Era In Dentistry” from 20 to 22 April 2009
34. The twentieth internal dental conference for the Saudi Dental society and the second for the National Guard hospital “ New Era In Dentistry” from 20 to 22 April 2009
35. Attended the thirteenth Saudi International conference for King Saud University in dentistry and Twenty-Saudi Dental Society during the period from 24-26 Feb in 1431
36. Attended the conference for the Pacific Dental Association in 2010 in Vancouver / Canada in the period from April 15 to 17, 2010
37. The Meeting and Exhibition of the Fifth International Riyadh Dental meeting organized by the colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy from 9 to 10 Muharram 1432 AH
38. Attended the twenty-second international Conference of the Saudi Dental Society in the period from 20-22/2/1432
39. Attended and Organize the King Saud university 14th international dental conference, the 23rd for the Saudi Dental Society in the period from 6 to 8 Feb.2012
40. Attended the Women's higher education symposium: growth to competition in the period from 2-3/3/1434
41. Attended, the 24th Saudi Dental Society meeting in the period from 28 to 30 January 2013 corresponding to 16-18 Rabee I 1434
42. Attended and Organize the King Saud university 15th international dental conference, the 25th for the Saudi Dental Society in the period from 12 to 14 Jan.2014
43. Attended the 10th Riyadh International Dental Meeting RIDM (4th IQDAC) International Quintessence Dental Arab Congress organized by Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy in collaboration with Quintessence International Publishing Group 24-25 October 2014
Attended the following International conferences
The 5th BDS Dental Conference in Manama-Bahrain from 28 to 29 October 2009
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the British Dental Association Conference “Dentistry is Transforming” in
Glasgow/ Scotland from June 6-8, 2009
The Second International Conference of the Faculty of Dentistry / University of
Cairo, from 24-26/ March 2010 in the city of Cairo
The conference for the Pacific Dental Association in 2010 in Vancouver / Canada
in the period from April 15 to 17, 2010
The 34th Australian Dental Congress held in Brisbane/Australia from the 30th
March to the 3rd of April, 2011.
The 42 annual meeting of the American Academy of Dental Research (AADR) In
Seattle/ Washington, USA from 20 to 23 of March 2013
Attended the Edeec Dubai, UAE. In the period from 4-6 March 2014
Attend the IADR Annual Conference 43 in Charlotte / North Carolina / USA
from 19-22 / March 2014
Attended the Hawaiian Dental Meeting held in Hawaii/ Honolulu/USA. From 15
to 16 January 2015
International summer training
Attended “development of academic heads of departments” at the University of
Melbourne / Australia from 19-24 July 2010
Attended training "Teaching and Learning Summer Program" in Dundee /UK in the period
from 4 to 8 July 2011
Attended “Medical Education” training program at the College of Medicine in Ottawa/
Canada in the period from 24 to 28 June 2013
Attended the following skill development workshops
Skills to evaluate the performance of students in 09/11/2009
Leadership Development academy CHAIRING THE DEPARTMENT
EFFECTIVE PRACTICES FOR LEADERSHIP & MANAGEMENT IN
09/01/2010 Skills for Effective Teaching in 02/01/2010
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Building realizable tests in 19/01/2010 Effective communication skills for academic leaders in 16/05/2009 Learning strategy using brain storming in 12/10/2010
Multiple Intelligences for the development of the innovation process and
innovation at work in the academic leaders 30/10/2010 Learning the strategy of problem solving in 8-1-2011
Academic Leadership - Recruiting, Developing, and Retaining A Faculty For the
Twenty-First Century in 10-1-2011 Assessment of learning outcomes in 23/04/2011 Attended the work shop on Design and construction of a course in 25/9/2011 Search in databases and digital libraries in 29/10/2011 Work shop “Support students learning” in 16/05/2012 Work shop “Supervising graduate students” in 06/03/2012 Program in elaborating tables and registration mechanism during the period of 13-
14/10/2012 Attending Collages Reconstructing symposium "Reality and Ambition" in the
period from 7-8/10/2012 Learning to think strategically in the period from 8 to 9/12/2012 Improving undergraduate education through experimental approaches to teaching
and learning. Organized by Academic Leadership Development Workshops/
Ministry Of Higher Education 6 May 2013 Developing Teaching File ( Portfolio) on September 26-2013 “Stress Management workshop” Organized by the Academic Leadership Center,
Ministry of Higher Education, held at Marriott Hotel, Riyadh, on December, 08
2013. “Conflict Management Workshop” Organized by the Academic Leadership
Center, Ministry of Higher Education, held at Marriott Hotel, Riyadh, on
December, 09 /2013. Attended the work shop "Scientific publishing in international journals" in Nov
10/2014 Organized by deanship for skill development
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Attended the work shop "Women in the Higher education" Organized by the
Academic Leadership Center, Ministry of Higher Education, held at Marriott
Hotel, Riyadh, on December, 08 /2014. Attended work shop "Micro Teaching" which was held in college of Dentistry in
1/1/2015
University and Community Services Management of a panel discussion at KSU (the strategic plan of King Saud University a
(SWAT analysis), which was held for the students of King Saud University, Date:
11/03/1429 Participate in review of the rules and regulations of King Saud University, commissioned
by the female center of science and medical studies Participation in the workshop "Towards the development of performance management"
on 06/04/1431 Participation in the workshop "to upgrade the scientific outputs of a full-time faculty in
their sabbatical leaves" in the 06/08/1431 Meeting the team visited KSU for the institutional academic departments evaluation at
the center of female science and medical studies on Tuesday, 11/06/1431 Member of the Jury Research, in the preparatory meeting of the Second Conference for
Student Research of Higher Education on Thursday, 10/01/1432 Member female Committee organized the tenth Saudi Dental meeting, which was held at
the Faculty of Dentistry / University of King Saud University during the period from 25-
28/11/1418 AH 23-26/3/1998 Chairman of female committee in the Twelve Saudi International Dental meeting t the
period from 6-8/04/1429 Chairman of the female committee in the thirteenth Saudi International Conference of
King Saud University in dentistry and the Twenty-Saudi Dental Society during the period
from 24-26 Feb. in 1431 Radio program interview to talk about the latest developments in cosmetic dentistry and
to give information about thirteenth Saudi International Conference of King Saud
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University in dentistry and the Twenty-Saudi Dental Society held on Thursday,
20/02/1431 Participation in the arbitration preparatory meeting for the second student Conference in
Higher Education 01/10/1432
Chairman of the female committee of King Saud university 14th international dental conference, the 23rd for the Saudi Dental Society in the period from 6 to 8 Feb.2012
Organizing and supervising the campaign “As Pearls 1” in Hyatt Mall in the period from 2-4- 2011
Organizing the campaign “As Pearls 2” in Hyatt Mall, Garnatta, and Panorama Malls Arbitration of the research submitted by students for the students 4th higher education
conference Organizing and supervising the campaign “As Pearls 1” in Hyatt Mall in the period from
2-4- 2011 Organizing and supervising the campaign “my health and my teeth” in Hyatt Mall in the
period from 8-10 May- 2011 Contribution in the program prepared by the Deanship of health specialty “Massri” to
introduce the different health specialty colleges to the preparatory year students that was held on April 18-2013
Participation in the arbitration preparatory meeting for the third student Conference in Higher Education 2013
Participation in the arbitration preparatory meeting for the fifth student Conference in Higher Education 2014
Papers submitted to academic and specialized conferences which have been refereed and published in full in the conference proceedings:
1. Bond strength of resin cements and resin-reinforced glass ionomer cements to procera alumina core. International Association of Dental Research (IADR) Meeting, San Francisco, USA, March 5, 1996.
2. Effect of fluorosis on shear bond strength of glass ionomer-based restorative materials to dentin. 10th Saudi International Conference in Riyadh, March 27, 1998.
3. Effect of fluorosis on shear bond strength of glass ionomer-based restorative materials to dentin. International Association of Dental Research (IADR) Meeting, Vancouver, Canada, March 10-13, 1999.
4. Effect of mouth rinses on marginal integrity of class V composite resin restorations. 6th Makah Dental Meeting in Mekkah Dental Meeting, October 24/ 2002.
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5. Presentation for the research entitled “Leakage path way of class V cavities restored with different flowable composite-Scanning electron microscope study “in the 18th Saudi international dental congress of the Saudi Dental Society on January 29, 2006
Peer- review for promotion
Reviewing the scientific publication for applicant from King Abdul-Aziz University who submitted her work for promotion to Associate professor in Restorative Dentistry
Reviewer for manuscripts submitted for publications in the following journals
The Saudi Dental Journal King Saud University Journal of Dental Science Indian Journal for Dental Research
Thesis supervision and Examination Committee membership
1. Supervising the thesis entitled "The effect of different light curing units on degree of
conversion and microhardness of resin-based composite"
2. Supervising the thesis entitled " Leakage pattern of nano-filled restorative resin
material: A scanning electron microscope Study"
3. A member in the examination committee for the thesis entitled "Effect of various
staining solutions on color in different dental ceramic systems
4. A member in the examination committee for the thesis entitled “incremental layer
shear bond strength of low shrinkage resin composites under different bonding
conditions”
5. Supervising the thesis entitled “the effect of antioxidants on shear bond strength of
ceramic veneers to bleached enamel”
6. A member in the examination committee for the thesis “Saudi children in Al- Taif
hospitals and mercury exposure: The impact of dental amalgam”
7. Effect of pre- and post-simulated home bleaching with 10% Carbamide Peroxide on
the shear bond strength of different adhesives to enamel
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8. Effect of n-Carbonate and MI paste on enamel surface roughness and staining after
home bleaching
Supervising research works held by Interns during their Internship Program
1. Effect of fluoride mouth rinses on solubility of some restorative materials in the academic year 2005/2006.
2. The effect of refrigerated composite resin restoration on microleakage of class v cavities in the academic year 2006/2007
3. Alterations in enamel surface morphology after using six bleaching products. A scanning electron microscope study in the academic year 2007/2008
4. The Effect of Different Types of Coffee on Microhardness and Color Stability of Composite
Resin Restorations in the academic year 2008/2009
5. The effect of two bleaching gels and whitening toothpastes on stain removal from resin-based composites in the academic year 2008/2009
6. In vitro Study of Enamel Dissolution by Commonly Used Drinks in the academic year 2009/2010
7. Microleakage of composite resin restorations bonded to CariSolv and Caries Detecting Dye-treated dentin in academic year 2011/2012
8. The Effect of Commonly used Medications on Color Stability and Surface Hardness of Composite Resin Restorations in academic year 2011/2012
9. The effect of tooth pastes on color stability and surface roughness of different types of composite resins.
Attended the following lectures and workshops :
The workshop entitled (strategic plan for the King Saud University at 07/03/1429 AH
14/3/2008.
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Basics of quality management in 06/16/1430 Application of quality management system in the colleges organized by Deanship of
quality in 22/6/1430 H Requirements for Benchmarking in of 6/20/1430 Planning to build a quality system in higher education in 19-23/5/1429 organized by
the Vice President for Development and Quality / Quality Deanship Quality and its applications in higher education, organized by the Vice President for
Development and Quality in the period from 1-2/6/1430 The lecture organized by the Research Chair in tooth decay e 07/03/1430 Academic development and configured for academic accreditation 5-6/2/1430
organized by the Deanship of quality Course specification organized by the Quality Assurance Unit and academic
accreditation in October 7, 2009 Stem cells held by the unit of continuing education in the College of Dentistry in
29.12.1431/corresponding to 05/12/2010 E-learning course in Blackboard at 01/05/1432 Lecture on excellence in learning and teaching in 15 /1/2011 ILOs lecture held in college of Dentistry in Feb. 4/2012 Workshop about allocation of the health college’s students after the Preparatory Year
in the academic year 2011/2012 Attended the curriculum reform project-1 faculty development organized by vice-Dean
for academic affairs, college of Dentistry, King Saud University “Curriculum models
and theories, competency based education, learning styles given in 14th of April 2013 Attended the workshop (Determine the field of excellence in health care in the
university hospitals) organized by deanship of heath specialties held in September
18/2023 The workshop (Faculty site development) organized by IT department/ college of
Dentistry on 24TH of September 2013 The work shop ( Integration of evidence based learning into a dental curriculum) and
(Assessment methods: assessing learning and competency) within College of Dentistry
Faculty Development toward Curriculum Reforming in September 25th 2013
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Attend the workshop "Training health colleges students in the Medical city:
Opportunities and Challenges" in 02/08/2015 in Riyadh Marriott Hotel
Membership of Scientific Associations :
1. Saudi Dental Society
2. International Association for Dental Research
Committees:
- Organizing committee for the 10th Saudi International Symposium on 25-28/11/1418 corresponding to 23-26 March 1998.
- The interview committee for student acceptance in the Dental School form the year 1999 to 2000.
- The committee of students’ acceptance in the Health Science Colleges of King Saud University form 2000-2012
- The committee for students’ acceptance in Dental Assisting Diploma Program for the years 1999 to 2008
- The written exam committee for acceptance in the Health Science Schools of King Saud University in the years 2001-2008
- Final examination committee in the School of Dentistry from the academic year of 2000-present.
- Administration Committee on October 8, 2000.
- Quality Assurance Committee on October 8, 2000.
- Chairman of Female Interns’ Committee on June 9, 2001.
- Member in the committee of King Saud University Employees Job Competition on September 12, 2001.
- Infection Control Committee on September 10, 2001 till 26/6/2006.
- Member of the Coordinating Committee for the Girls’ New University Campus in Darriyha on November 2, 2002, February 3, 2003.
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- The Committee for selecting the candidate to receive the Prize of The Wife of The Custodian Of the Two Holly Mosques for the years 2003/2004, 2004/ 2005
- Head of student's rights committee in college of dentistry in the academic year 2008 till present
- Head of faculty evaluation committee in college of dentistry in the academic year 2009
- Head of dental diploma program development committee in the academic year 2008
- Head of faculty prize committee in college of dentistry in the academic year 2008
- Head of students Guidance unit in the academic year 2008
- Member in the Student Support Committee in the college of dentistry from 2010 till present
- Member in the Academic monitoring committee in the college of dentistry in the academic year 2010
- Member in the administrative monitoring committee in the college of dentistry in the academic year 2010
- Member in the Ethics Committee in the college of dentistry in the academic year 2010
- Member of the Student's Advisory Board in the college of dentistry in the academic year 2010 tell present
- Member in the fourth criterion of the National Commission for Academic Accreditation in the college of dentistry in the academic year 2010
- Member in faculty’s salaries raise in the academic year 2012
- The head of the female Committee for the movement to the new campus
- A member in the Steering Committee of the movement to the new building
Councils
College Board member
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Publications
1. Awliya Wedad:Effect of storage time on shear bond strength of resin-based glass ionomer cements to dentin.Egyptian Dental Journal, vol. 44, number 3, July 1998.
2. Awliya Wedad,Yaman Peter, and Dennison Joseph: Shear bond strength of resin cement to densely sintered high-purity alumina with various surface conditions.ACTA Odontol Scand., vol 56, 1998 (Master Thesis).
3. Awliya Wedad and Akpata Sam: Effect of fluorosis on shear bond strength of glass ionomer-based restorative materials to dentin. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, vol. 81, number 3, March 1999.
4. Awliya Wedad: Microleakage of F2000 compomer restorative material using different techniques. Cairo Dental Journal, vol. 15, number 1, March 1999.
5. Awliya Wedad: Microleakage of three compomers restorative materials in bovine incisors. The Saudi Dental Journal, vol. II, number 2, May-August 1999
6. Al Alshaik Hanaa and Awliya Wedad: Color match between porcelain veneers and porcelain fused to metal crowns. Egyptian Dental Journal, vol. 47, no. 2, April 2001.
7. Awliya Wedad and Abdellatif Hoda: Knowledge and attitude of dentists toward amalgam bonding systems in Riyadh area. Egyptian Dental Journal, vol. 48, no. 3, April 2002.
8. Abdellatif Hoda and Awliya Wedad: Saudi dental patients attitude towards esthetic dental treatment at KSU, College of Dentistry, Riyadh. Pakistan Oral & Dental Journal, vol. 22, no. 1, June 2002.
9. Awliya Wedad: The effect of mouth rinses on surface hardness of three esthetic restorative materials. Egyptian Dental Journal, vol. 48, no. 4, October 2002.
10. Awliya Wedad and Jazairy Yousra: Comparative study of shear bond strengths of opaque and restorative materials veneered to amalgam. Journal of Pakistan Dental Association, vol. 11, no. 4, October-December, 2002.
11. Awliya Wedad. The effect of mouth rinses on marginal integrity of class V composite resin restorations. Cairo Dental Journal, vol. 18, no. 3, 2002.
12. Awliya Wedad: Patients satisfaction with the dental services provided by the dental college of King Saud University. The Saudi Dental Journal, vol. 15, no. 1, January-April, 2003.
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13. Fawaz Amani and Awliya Wedad: The effect of three finishing systems on three esthetic restorative materials. The Saudi Dental Journal, vol. 15, no. 2, May-August, 2003.
14. Awliya W. The effect of refrigerated composite resin restoration on the sealing ability of class V cavities. Egyptian Dental Journal, vol.51, no. 2, April 2005
15. Awliya W. Surface hardness and weight change of some esthetic restorative materials. Journal of Pakistan Dental Association, vol. 14 no. 2, Apr-Jun 2005
16. Awliya W and Khamis Hassn. In vitro assessment of composite resin microhardness as affected by. Immersion in different beverages. Journal of Pakistan Dental Association, vol. 14 no 4, Oct-Dec 2005
17. Awliya W. The effect of six bleaching products on enamel whitening and microhardness. Egyptian Dental Journal, vol.52, no. 1January 2006
18. Awliya W, Al-Jaralla Areej and Al Abdul Qader, Arwa. Alteration in enamel surface morphology after using six bleaching products-A scanning electron microscope study. The Saudi Dental Journal, vol.18, no. 1, January-April, 2006.
19. Awliya W and Hejazy Ahmed. Curing efficacy of light-curing devices at different exposure time.Published in Al-Azhar Journal of Dental Science, Vol. 10 no 2, April 2007
20. Awliya W. Influence of composite resin temperature on the efficacy of its polymerization. J of Contemporary Dental Practice, Vol. 8, no 6, September 2007
21. Awliya W. The Effect of Bleaching Agents and Whitening Tooth pastes On Color Stability and Microhardness of Some Restorative Materials. Accepted for publication in Pakistan Oral and Dental Journal, Vol. 27, no 2, December 2007
22. Leakage Path Ways Of Class V Cavities Restored With Different Flowable Composite Resin Restorations.J Opertive Dentistry. Volume 33, No 1, 27-33,2008
23. The effect of commonly used types of coffee on the stability of color and hardness of some composite restorative materials. Saudi Dental Journal volume 22 Number 4, October 2010
24. The Effectiveness of Four Methods for Stain Removal from Direct Resin-Based Composite Restorations. Saudi Dental Journal volume 25 Number 2, April 2013
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