factores formadores de suelo
DESCRIPTION
Aspectos generales de la formación del sueloTRANSCRIPT
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FACTORES FORMADORES DEL SUELO
ING. OSCAR FERNANDEZ FERNANDEZ
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•QUE ES EL SUELO?
CLIMA: Temperatura, precipitación, viento, etc
SERES VIVOS: plantas, animales, EL HOMBRE
MATERIAL PARENTAL: material nativo, material acarreaco
RELIEVE: ladera, loma, planicie. Orientación del sol, extensión.
TIEMPO Jenny, 1941
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MATERIAL PARENTAL
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Silicas(claras) Subsilicas Asilicas
(oscuras)
Afanitica Riolita Andesita Basalto
Porfido Porfido Riolitico
Porfido Andesitico
Porfido Basaltico
Faneritica Granito Diorita Gabro
Rocas Igneas
TexturaColor
Contenido de SiO4
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Tres mecanismos han sido identificados como los principales generadores de cenizas volcánicas:
a) La ruptura del magma debido a vesiculación,
b) La fragmentación del magma debido a los elevados esfuerzos térmicos ,y
c) La pulverización de la lava en las paredes de la chimenea del volcán durante la erupción.
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Las cenizas se clasifican en:
a) Riolíticasb) Dacíticasc) Andesíticasd) Basalto-andesíticas
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Textura
Clástica
No clastica
Fragmentos de rocas y minerales
Restos de organismos
ConglomeradoAreniscaLutita
Vegetal
Animal
Diatomita
Coquinas
CaSO4-H2OCaCO3
CaCO3-MgCO3
CaSO4
NaCl
YesoCalizaDolomitaAnhidritaHalita
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INTEMPERISMO
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REDUCCIÓN
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OXIDACIÓN
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HIDRATACIÓN
CaSO4 + CaSO4 . 2H2O2H2O
Al4(Si4O10)(OH)8 +4H2O
Al4(Si4O10)(OH)8 . 4H2O
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DISOLUCIÓNCaCO3 + Ca2+ . 2HCO3
-2H2CO3
Mg2SiO4 +
2Mg2+ +
4H2CO3
4HCO3- + SiO2+ 2H2O
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KAl2Si3O8 +
Al2Si2O5(OH)4 +
HIDROLISIS
H2O 2H++2HCO3-1 +
2K+ + 2HCO3-1+ 4SiO2
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2NaAlSi3O8 +
2Na+ +
+ 2H2CO3 9H2O
2HCO3- +Al2Si2O5(OH)4 + 4H2SiO4
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Acumulación de carbonatos
Arcillas 1:1
Hidróxidos de Fe y Al
Óxidos de Fe, Al, Mn Presencia de
óxidos de Fe y Mn
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BIOSECUENCIA
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BIOTA
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CLIMOSECUENCIA
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RELIEVE
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TOPOSECUENCIA
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CRONOSECUENCIA
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CAMBIOS EN EL SUELOS, A TRAVES DEL TIEMPO
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