კოლხური მეგრულ ლაზური ენა · 7 sesavali cemi...

5

კოლხური

(მეგრულ-ლაზური)

ენა

შემდგენლები:

რუსუდან ამირეჯიბი-მალენი (რედაქტორი), ნანა დანელია, ინგა დუნდუა

ექსპერტები:

რევაზ აბაშია, მაია ლომია, ბელა ქობალავა

კოლხური ენის გრამატიკული ანალიზი კორნელი დანელიას ჩანაწერებისა და

ლექციების მიხედვით

ქართული ენის საერთაშორისო ცენტრი (ICGL) ფინანსური მხარდაჭერისთვის

მადლობას უხდის შვეიცარიის საელჩოს საქართველოში, შვეიცარიის ელჩს, მის

აღმატებულებას ბატონ სტეფან სპეკსა და ელჩის მოადგილეს ბატონ ნიკულინ

იეგერს.

Embassy of Switzerland The International Center for Georgian Language (ICGL) would like to thank Ambassador

Stefan Speck, Charge de Affairs Niculin Yeger and the Embassy of Switzerland in Tbilisi for

their support for this project.

ყველა უფლება დაცულია.

© რ. ამირეჯიბი-მალენი, ნ. დანელია, ი. დუნდუა, 2006

გამომცემლობა „უნივერსალი“, 2006;

ჭავჭავაძის გამზ., 19, თბილისი 0179; : 22 36 09, 8(99) 17 22 30; E-mail:

[email protected]

ISBN 99940-61-43-7

6

profesori korneli danelia (1934 - 1997) avtoria 170-ze

meti naSromisa, romelTagan 8 sqeltaniani monografiaa.

farTo gaxldaT misi kvlevis sfero: qarTvelur enaTa

istoriul-SedarebiTi gramatikis sakiTxebi, Zveli qarTuli

ena, megruli da lazuri enebis gramatika (wlebis

ganmavlobaSi kiTxulobda leqciebis kurss am sagnebSi),

uZvelesi werilobiTi Zeglebis teqstis dadgena da

publikacia, qarTuli saliteraturo enis istoria da sxva.

Zveli qarTuli enis monacemebTan erTad mkvlevari

warmatebiT iyenebda Zveli berZnuli, siriuli da somxuri

enebis masalas, romelsac igi saTanado sisruliT iyo

dauflebuli.

korneli danelia iyo qarTuli saenaTmecniero skolis erT-

erTi TvalsaCino da Rirseuli warmomadgeneli: ivane

javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo

universitetis filologiis fakultetis dekani, Zveli

qarTuli enis kaTedris gamge, gelaTis akademiis akademikosi.

sarCevi

შესავალი, რ. ამირეჯიბი-მალენი ..................................................................................... 7

კ. დანელია, კოლხური ენის გრამატიკული ანალიზი .................................. 12

ნ. დანელია, ი. დუნდუა, მეგრულის პრაქტიკული კურსი ...................... 176

მეგულ-ქართული ლექსიკონი .......................................................................................... 340

საკითხავი ტექსტები ............................................................................................................... 359

ბიბლიოგრაფია .............................................................................................................................. 390

7

Sesavali

Cemi maswavleblis, SemdgomSi ki ufrosi kolegis, ga-

moCenili mecnierisa da Rirseuli qarTvelis _ batoni kor-

neli danelias didi survili iyo megrul-Wanuri enis sa-

xelmZRvanelos Seqmna da gamocema. muSaobda kidec masze,

magram, samwuxarod, ise wavida am qveynidan, rom survili

ver aisrula. Cven, misma qaliSvilma da mowafeebma, SevZeliT

batoni kornelis ocnebis xorcSesxma da movamzadeT es wig-

ni Sveicariis mTavrobis finansuri daxmarebiT da saqarTve-

loSi Sveicariis elCis, misi aRmatebulebis batoni stefan

spekisa da elCis moadgilis batoni nikulin iegeris piradi

mxardaWeriT, risTvisac udides madlobas movaxsenebT.

Zneli saTqmelia, zustad rogori iqneboda batoni kor-

nelis saxelmZRvanelo, Tumca garkveuli warmodgena Segviq-

mna misgan datovebulma `Savma~ masalam da kolxuri enis

leqciebis kursma, romelsac igi wlebis manZilze uZRveboda

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi. batoni kornelis xel-

naweri davamuSaveT eqspertebTan erTad da ase SevadgineT wi-

namdebare wignis pirveli, akademiuri nawili, romelsac

`kolxuri ena~ hqvia, vinaidan batoni korneli swored am

termins aniWebda upiratesobas `megrul-WanurTan~ da `za-

nurTan~ SedarebiT.

wignis meore nawili megrulis praqtikuli saxelmZRva-

neloa, teqstebiTa da savarjiSoebiT. bevri mecnieri (gansa-

kuTrebiT ucxoeli) megrulsa da Wanurs (anu lazurs)

calke enebad miiCnevs, xolo zogi qarTveli mecnieri ki yve-

la qarTvelur enas _ qarTvelur dialeqtebad. Cveni azriT,

aq saqme gvaqvs sakiTxisadmi sxvadasxvagvar midgomasTan, ena-

Ta klasifikaciis sxvadasxva TvalsazrisTan.

qarTvelur enaTa klasifikaciasTan dakavSirebuli wina-

aRmdegobebi unikaluri movlena ar gaxlavT da, Tumca msof-

lioSi arsebul daaxloebiT eqvsi aTas enasTan dakavSirebiT

am mxriv umeteswilad yvelaferi garkveulia, mainc rCeba

8

asobiT ena Tu misi varianti, romelTa statusi sakamaToa. es

ki, Tavis mxriv, sadavos xdis saerTod enisa da dialeqtis

gamijvnis kriteriumebis utyuarobas.

konkretuli enebis klasifikaciaze saubrisas, upirve-

les yovlisa, unda SevTanxmdeT imaze, Tu ra Sinaarsi ideba

terminebSi `ena~ da `dialeqti~. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, unda

gairkves, wminda lingvisturia midgoma Tu sociolingvistu-

ri.

enebisa da dialeqtebis gamijvnis wminda lingvistur

kriteriumebs miekuTvneba urTierTgagebinebis faqtori. Tu

enis sxvadasxva variantze molaparakeT esmiT erTmaneTis (ga-

gebinebisas mxolod mcire problemebi iqmneba, magaliTad,

iseTi, rogoric saliteraturo inglisuri enis britanul

da amerikul variantebs Soris), es variantebi erTi enis di-

aleqtebad iTvleba da, piriqiT, Tu urTierTgagebineba ar

arsebobs, maT calke enebad miiCneven. miuxedavad amisa, bevr

Tanamedrove lingvists urTierTgagebineba ar miaCniaDmyar da

mkafio kriteriumad, vinaidan gaurkvevelia, ramdenad sruli

unda iyos es urTierTgagebineba. sakmarisia zepirmetyvelebis

doneze gagebineba Tu aucilebelia werilobiTi teqstis ga-

geba (rogorc Cinuris SemTxvevaSi. ix. qvemoT). igive SeiZle-

ba iTqvas enis struqturaze, kanonzomieri bgeraTSesatyviso-

bis arsebobasa da sxva lingvistur kriteriumebze, romleb-

zec aq ar SevCerdebiT, vinaidan qarTvelur enebTan dakavSi-

rebiT, isini, sabednierod, jer aravis gauxdia sadavod, xo-

lo zogadad am sakiTxebze msjeloba scildeba Cveni intere-

sis sferos am konkretul SemTxvevaSi. zogadi cnobebi aq

moxmobili gvaqvs mxolod sadavo sakiTxebSi mkiTxvelis

ukeT garkvevis mizniT. sakmarisi ar aris agreTve iseTi kri-

teriumi, rogoricaa enis standartizacia. dialeqti arastan-

dartizebulia, magram dedamiwaze uamravia damwerlobis ar-

mqone, arastandartizebuli ena.

maSasadame, arsebobs iseTi SemTxvevebi, roca wminda

lingvisturi kriteriumebi ar aris sakmarisad mkacri da

universaluri da warmoSobs sirTules enaTa da dialeqtTa

9

gamijvnisas. amitom yoveli konkretuli SemTxvevisaTvis au-

cilebeli xdeba eqstralingvisturi, sociokulturuli faq-

torebis gaTvaliswineba, rac moicavs politikur sazRvrebs,

istoriul-kulturul orientacias da, rac yvelaze mniSvne-

lovania, enis matarebelTa TviTSegnebas, vinaidan xSirad, mi-

uxedavad mecnierebs Soris arsebuli sadavo sakiTxebisa,

TviT enis matareblisaTvis yvelaferi gasagebia. is flobs

enobriv sistemas da, asxvavebs ra mas sxva sistemebisagan,

Tavis variants uwodebs enas.

enisa da dialeqtis gamijvnisas warmoqmnili winaaRmde-

goba ZiriTadad ori saxisaa. pirveli saxis winaaRmdegoba

gvaqvs iseT SemTxvevebSi, roca enis variantebi erTmaneTis-

Tvis gaugebaria, magram eqstralingvisturi faqtorebis _

politikuri, istoriuli da kulturuli mizezebis gamo maT

erTi enis dialeqtebad miiCneven. Cinuri enis asobiT dialeq-

ti rva ZiriTad tipad jgufdeba da erTmaneTisTvis gaugeba-

ria, magram yvela iyenebs erTsa da imave damwerlobas da

amiT amyarebs komunikacias. lingvistur gansxvavebaTa miuxe-

davad, nebismieri dialeqtis matarebeli miiCnevs, rom is la-

parakobs Cinurad. rogorc vxedavT, umniSvnelovanesi Cans

molaparakis lingvisturi identoba.

meore saxis winaaRmdegoba Cndeba maSin, roca enis ori

varianti erTmaneTisTvis gasagebia, magram raime mosazrebiT

(politikuriT an istoriuliT) maT sxvadasxva enad moixse-

nieben. amis saukeTeso magaliTad migvaCnia serbulis da xor-

vatiulis damoukidebel enebad gamocxadeba iugoslaviis

daSlis Semdeg. 1991 wlamde arsebobda erTi serbo-xorvati-

uli ena, magram TiToeuli dialeqtis matarebelTa gansxvave-

buli da erTmaneTTan Seurigebeli identobebis gancda gaxda

maTi enebad miCnevis mizezi. amisTvis TiToeuli saliteratu-

ro enisTvis sxvadasxvagvari norma SeimuSaves da sxvadasxva

anbanzec ki gadavidnen. aseve, magaliTad, Svedurs, daniurs

da norvegiuls, urTierTgagebinebis metnaklebi xarisxis mi-

uxedavad, sxvadasxva enebad miiCneven, vinaidan iTvaliswineben

eqstralingvistur faqtorebs – politikur sazRvrebs da

10

enis matarebelTa lingvistur identobas anu TviTSegnebas,

romelic am SemTxvevaSic umniSvnelovanesi Cans.

swored amgvari eqstralingvisturi kriteriumebiT

xelmZRvaneloben is mecnierebi, romelTac megruli da Wanu-

ri (lazuri) sxvadasxva enad miaCniaT, Torem mxolod lin-

gvisturi kriteriumebiT isini erTi enis or dialeqts war-

moadgenen (am mxriv Cven, cxadia, srulad viziarebT iseTi

didi mecnierebis Sefasebas, rogorebic arian iv. javaxiSvi-

li, ak. SaniZe, arn. Ciqobava da bevri sxva qarTveli da ara-

qarTveli mecnieri). sxva sakiTxia is, rom Cven am etapze eq-

stralingvisturi kriteriumebis moxmobiTac ki ar migvaCnia

marTebulad yvela qarTveluri enis dialeqtebad CaTvla. Tu

zogi aralingvisturi faqtori TavisTavad, Seswavlis gare-

Sec cxadia (magaliTad, politikuri sazRvrebi), amas ver

vityviT sxva faqtorebze, romelTac specialuri da Rrma

Seswavla sWirdeba. zemoT aRvniSneT, rom sociolingvistur

faqtorTa Soris yvelaze mniSvnelovania enis matareblis

TviTSegneba. iseTi eqstralingvisturi faqtorebi, rogori-

caa politikuri sazRvrebi Tu istoriul-kulturuli ori-

entacia, ukana planze ixevs maSin, roca arsebobs enis ama

Tu im variantis matarebelTa lingvisturi identobis gan-

cda. vinaidan es sakiTxi qarTvelur enebTan mimarTebiT spe-

cialurad Seswavlili aqamde ar aris, raimes kategoriulad

mtkiceba araswori iqneboda sociolingvisturi Tvalsazri-

siT (wminda lingvisturi TvalsazrisiT ki maTi statusi

garkveulia da jerjerobiT, sawinaaRmdegos damadasturebeli

sakmarisi myari argumentebis moxmobamde, megruls miviCnevT

megrul-Wanuri enis dialeqtad da gamovyofT sam qarTvelur

enas). gadaWriT imis mtkiceba, rom qarTveluri enebi enebi

ki ara dialeqtebia, an imis Tqma, megruli da Wanuri erTi

enis or variants warmoadgens Tu or damoukidebel axlomo-

naTesave enas, SeuZlebelia. vimeorebT, rom saubaria socio-

lingvistur midgomaze da am sakiTxis saTanado mecnierul

kvlevaze, Tumca yofiT doneze cnobilia, rom nebismieri,

vTqvaT, megrulad molaparake miiCnevs, rom laparakobs meg-

11

rulad da ara qarTulad. qarTulis romelime dialeqtze

molaparake ki ityvis, rom laparakobs qarTulad, an mis ro-

melime variantze.

maSasadame, imis gasarkvevad, sociolingvisturi Tval-

sazrisiT megruli enaa Tu dialeqti, Sesaswavlia TviT mo-

saxleobis enobrivi identobis sakiTxebi. Tu arsebobs amgva-

ri identoba, rogoria is: mxolod lingvisturi Tu teri-

toriul-lingvisturi da a.S. cxadia, amgvari identobis da-

dastureba araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar gamoricxavs imavdrou-

lad saerToqarTuli erovnuli identobis arsebobas. saer-

Tod adamians SeiZleba ormagi an meti enobrivi identobac

hqondes im SemTxvevaSic, roca saqme gvaqvs aramonaTesave

enebTan, vTqvaT sxvadasxva erovnebis mSoblebis yolis Sem-

TxvevaSi.

amgvari sakiTxebis Seswavlasa da maTze yuradRebis ga-

maxvilebaSi zogi garkveul safrTxes xedavs saxelmwifoeb-

riobisaTvis, rac yovlad usafuZvloa. piriqiT, saxifaTo

swored is SeiZleba aRmoCndes, rom amgvari identobis aR-

mofxvra vcadoT an mis arsebobaze Tvali davxuWoT. Cven Tu

mas ar davinaxavT, an ugulebelvyofT, mas kargad dainaxavs

da masze yuradRebas gaamaxvilebs swored is, vinc separa-

tistuli ganwyobis danergviTaa dainteresebuli. garda imi-

sa, rom enis dialeqtad gamocxadeba ar SeiZleba politiku-

ri xelsayrelobis momizezebiT (ix. al. oniani, isev qarTve-luri enebisa da dialeqtebis Sesaxeb, enaTmecnierebis sakiT-xebi, 2, 2003, gv. 177-183), es swored politikuradac ar

yofila xelsayreli da amgvarma cdebma didi xania diskredi-

tacia ganicada mecnierebaSi.

saqarTvelo multilingvisturi qveyanaa. misi gansakuT-

rebuli simdidrea monaTesave enebi da maT mofrTxileba, siy-

varuliT mopyroba da dacva sWirdeba. megrul-Wanuri//la-

zuri Cveni saunjea da gvjera, mkiTxvelic iziarebs am azrs.

rusudan amirejibi-maleni

K

12

korneli danelia

kolxuri enis

gramatikuli analizi

kolxuris mniSvneloba qarTvelur

enaTa istoriis SeswavlisaTvis

kolxur (megrul-Wanur) enas didi mniSvneloba aqvs

qarTvelur enaTa, kerZod, qarTulis istoriis dasadgenad.

kolxurs daucavs iseTi formebi, romelTa gaTvaliswinebis

gareSe bevri sakiTxi qarTuli enis istoriidan gaurkveveli

darCeboda. mag., srulxmovnoba, romelic megruls (da Wa-

nurs) axasiaTebs, gasaRebs iZleva, aRdges saxelis fuZis uZ-

velesi saxe qarTulSi: 1) `Zma~-s uZvelesi saxe rom `Zaman~

aris, amas, pirvel rigSi, kolxuris Cveneba adasturebs: ju-

ma(Wan.)//jima(megr.), mr. r.: jumal-ef-i // jimal-ef-i. kolxu-

ri rom ara, Cven ar gvecodineboda, rom Zvelsa da axal

qarTulSi naxmar Zireul sityvaSi `Zma~ gvaklia fuZiseuli

a xmovani da determinanti sufiqsis n elementi (-an-a).

Sdr.: gurul da imerul dialeqtebSi: Zmanebi, danebi, `Zamia~.

megruli jomaljumaljimaljima. (qarT. Z: kolx. j;

qarT. a: kolx. o.) 2) warmomavlobis sufiqsi -ar (opizari,

mtbevari, olTisari...) axsnas iRebs megrul-Wanuri ar-dan

(zugdidarefi, banZarefi... da a.S.).

kolxuris gaTvaliswinebis gareSe SeuZlebeli iqneboda

mravali iseTi sityvis istoriisa da etimologiis garkveva,

romelic istoriulad kolxuri enis wreSi Sedioda da Sem-

deg moeqca qarTuli enis sinamdvileSi. mag., istoriulad

cnobili saxelwodeba samxreT saqarTvelos erT-erTi sof-

lisa `artanuji~, axsnas poulobs kolxuris gaTvaliswine-

biT: artanujiartaniS ¹uji, `artanis yure~ (¹uji = yu-

13

ri/yure). etimologia a. SaniZisaa. asevea: opizaopija: o

TavsarTi kolxuria da sa- mawarmoebels udris, piji = pi-

ri. etimologia n. marisaa. okriba (imereTis sofeli)o-ki-

rib-a, `sakrave~ (kiribi = kravi). etimologia i. yifSiZisaa.

Sdr.: axal qarTulSi: sa-rT-ul-i / o-rTv-al-i: rT-un-s _

`xuravs~. sa-rC-ul-i / `sagebeli~; rec- (da-rec-v-a, sa-rec-

el-i): rC- (o-rC-an-s àgebs~, no-rC-al-i `sagebeli, sarece-

li~).

mcire aziaSi, sadac odesRac xeTuri kultura yvaoda,

aris erTi sofeli, romelic 1926 wlamde iwodeboda `toba-

da~-d (axla hqvia àji-gÁel~ _ mware tba). es sofeli cno-

bili gaxda gansakuTrebiT mas Semdeg, roca mis maxloblad

ipoves kldeze warwerebi (ieroglifebi). a. SaniZem gaarkvia

am saxelwodebis etimologia qarTvelur enaTa monacemebis

safuZvelze: toba+dar. toba `tba~-s niSnavs megrulad (qar-

TulSic unda gvqonoda xmovani, Sdr. tabaxmela), dar aris

`mware~ somxurSi (es sityva somxurSi qarTulidanaa Sesu-

li: m-war-e da dar, n. maris mixedviT). Turquli saxelwo-

deba _ àji-gÁel~ _ Targmania tobadasi.

aqve SeiZleba davasaxeloT cnobili `wyaltubo~ _

wyalTbili (tubo _ `Tbili~ Wanurad).

kolxuris Cveneba marto toponimikuri saxelebis axsna-

Si rodi gvexmareba. igi naTels xdis bevri sazogado saxe-

lis etimologias qarTulSi. sulxan-sabas leqsikonSi aris

sityva mowilva `xilT krefa~. dRes es sityva cnobili araa

qarTulSi, magram megrulSi wilua dResac `krefas~ niSnavs,

rac imaze metyvelebs, rom Ziri saerToqarTveluria da igi

qarTulsac hqonia Zvelad.

`malaRuri~ qarTulSi megrulidan Cans Semosuli: ma-

laR-ur-i. laR-u aris kolxuri Sesatyvisi qarTuli le-

Ru/leRv-isa, rac SemorCenila mxolod Citis saxelwodebaSi,

TviT kolxurSi leRvs `luRi~ hqvia amJamad. `malaRuri~,

e.i. meleRvia. etimologia kolxurma gaarkvia (axsna g. roga-

vasi).

14

kuarcxlbeki-is pirveli nawili kuarcxl axsnas pou-

lobs kolxur kuCx = `fexi~ sityvasTan mimarTebiT (n. ma-

ris etimologia).

Zvel qarTulSi cnobili sityvaa zueri, mezuere _ `ba-

Ji, mebaJe~. savaraudoa, rom etimologiurad igi ukavSirdeba

megrul zirua _ `krefa, dagroveba~ fuZes, aqedan: baJis ak-

refa, Segroveba.

Zvel qarTulSia Wuvili _ `tkivili~, romelic etimo-

logiurad uTuod kolxur Wuala-s `wvas, tkivils~ ukav-

Sirdeba.

Zvel qarTulSi aris Ziri vlt: ivltis. es etimologi-

urad ukavSirdeba kolxur rt Zirs: mi-rt-eb-u = `ivltis~.

msgavsi magaliTebis moyvana mravlad SeiZleba. amiTac

cxadia, rom kolxuris Cvenebas, iseve rogorc svanurisas,

didi mniSvneloba aqvs qarTuli enis istoriis Sesaswavlad,

es iqneba fonetikis, gramatikisa Tu leqsikis sfero.

kolxuris adgili qarTvelur enaTa jgufSi

qarTvelur enaTa jgufi, romelic iberiul-kavkasiur

enaTa ojaxSi Sedis, Sedgeba sami wevrisagan: qarTuli, svanu-

ri, kolxuri (zanuri).

termin kolxuris Sesaxeb: `kolxuri~ megrul-Wanuri

enis aRsaniSnavad bolo xans ixmara a. SaniZem werilSi `j

bgeris warmoSobis wyaroebi qarTvelur enebSi~ (saqarTvelos

mecnierebaTa akademiis sazogadoebriv mecnierebaTa ganyofile-

bis moambe, t. 2, 1960). am terminis Rirseba isaa, rom sworad

gadmocems istoriul viTarebas. cnobilia, rom `kolxi~, ro-

gorc eTnikuri erTeulis aRmniSvneli termini, uZvelesi pe-

riodidan Tavis TavSi aerTianebs mTeli Savi zRvispira dasav-

leT saqarTvelos im mcxovrebTa saxelwodebas, romelTac

Semdgom ewodaT `megrelebi~ da `lazebi~ / `Wanebi~.

n. mari adre kolxuri enis aRsaniSnavad xmarobda Tu-

bal-kainurs (`Tubal~ iyo iafetis Svili, niSnavda megruls,

15

`kainuri~ _ Wanurs). n. marma ixmara agreTve termini iberiu-

li `megrulis~ mniSvnelobiT, xolo zogjer igi xmarobda

sxva terminebsac: megruli, Wanuri, lazuri (ix.: Wanuri (la-

zuri) ena, 1910, gv. X-XIII). megrul-Wanuris aRsaniSnavad

zanuri ixmara a. Ciqobavam 1936 wels gamocemul Tavis `Wa-

nuris gramatikul analizSi~.

`zanuric~ da `kolxuric~ orive pirobiTi terminia im

odesRac arsebuli enis aRsaniSnavad, romlis dialeqtebsac

Wanuri da megruli warmoadgens. swored amitomaa es termi-

nebi `pirobiTi~. rodesac vlaparakobT qarTul enasa da mis

dialeqtebze, aq sxva mdgomareobaa. erTiani, saerTo qarTuli

enis arseboba iseTive realuri faqtia, rogoric qarTuli

enis dialeqtebis arseboba: aris qarTuli ena da aseve arse-

bobs qarTuli enis dialeqtebi (fSauri, kaxuri, guruli...),

magram sul sxva mdgomareobaa kolxurTan: arsebobs ori di-

aleqti _ megruli da Wanuri, magram ara gvaqvs realurad

TviT is ena, romlis dialeqtebsac isini warmoadgenen. amde-

nad, `kolxuric~ da `zanuric~ pirobiTad aRniSnaven im er-

Tian enas, romelic istoriulad arsebobda da romlis ki-

loebsac megruli da Wanuri Seadgenen.

`kolxuris~ upiratesoba `zanurTan~ SedarebiT isaa,

rom `kolxuri~, rogorc termini, istoriulad faravs ro-

gorc Wanurs, aseve megrulsac, maSin, rodesac zanuri upi-

ratesad mxolod megrulis Sinaarss atarebda.

`zanar~ megrelebs axlac ewodeba svanurad. berZnuli

wyaroebiT, sanebi () igive zanebi unda yofiliyvnen.

berZnuli wyaroebi sanebs/zanebs xSirad aigiveben `makroneb-

Tan~, zogjer `WanebTan~ (hekate, straboni, stefane bizanti-

eli, ix. gv. 10). `makron~ Wanuri -on sufiqsiT nawarmoebi

ekvivalenti Cans qarTuli terminisa `megreli~ (qarTuli g-

s gadmocema yru k-Ti berZnulSi bunebrivia). ase rom,

san/zan/Wan sxvadasxva saxeli gamodis erTi da imave eTniku-

ri odenobisaTvis. amdenad, a. Ciqobavas mixedviT, `zan~ ter-

mini istoriulad `megrelsac~ ukavSirdeba da `Wansac~.

n. mars Tavis droze laz-i dahyavda zan Ziramde: lazila-

16

z¸n-i (ix. Из поездки в Турецкий Лазистан, 1910). eTnikuri

Rirebuleba da politikuri mniSvneloba am terminebisa (la-

zi, Wani, makroni, sani...) sxvadasxva istoriul epoqaSi, ag-

reTve, imis garkveva, saidan, romeli xalxisgan momdinareobs

es saxelwodebebi _ istoriis saqmea. imereTis `sazano~ da

samegrelos `zana~ (sofeli, mdinare) imaze metyvelebs, rom

es pirobiTi termini (zanuri) nebismieri araa.

Wanuris mimarTeba megrulTan

rac ufro Rrmad vwvdebiT enis istorias, miT ufro aS-

kara xdeba siaxlove da `erTianoba~ megrulisa da Wanurisa.

megruli da Wanuri erTmaneTis mimarT kiloebia da ara damo-

ukidebeli enebi, rogorc es n. mars hqonda warmodgenili.

n. mari megrulisa da Wanuris damoukidebel enebad ga-

mocxadebas asabuTebda Semdegi faqtebiT: megruli da Wanuri

gansxvavebuli arian erTmaneTisgan SemdegiT:

1) myofadis warmoeba WanurSi sul sxva principzea age-

buli (xofurSi: vidaminon `waval~, `wavide minda~/ arqabul-

Si: vidare `waval~), vidre megrulSi (midurq).

2) WanurSi uRlebis 2 klasia _ a xmovniani da u

xmovniani (=Temis niSnebia): bJvaram `vcem wkneliT~ da bWa-

rum / bWaruf `vwer~.

3) sawyisis warmoeba sxva tipisaa WanurSi (o-War-u)

da sxvaa megrulSi (Warua _ qarTulidanaa).

4) damoukideblobas Wanurs is aZlevs, rom mas erTiani

lingvisturi norma aqvs da Tavisi kilo da kilokavebi aqvs.

Cven damatebiT aRvniSnavT kidev ZiriTad sxvaobebs meg-

rulsa da Wanurs Soris.

fonetikaSi:

1) l bgeris dakargva axasiaTebs megrulis banZur-mar-

tvilur Tqmas. WanurSi es ase araa.

2) megruls gaaCnia ¸ iracionaluri xmovani (zugdi-

dur-samurzayanulSi), xolo WanurSi ¸ bgera araa.

17

3) WanurSia ф (Turqulis gavleniT), magram megrulSi

araa.

4) yvelaze mniSvnelovani sxvaoba fonetikaSi isaa, rom

ty, wy, Wy kompleqsebi ver Zlebs Wanuris verc erT kilo-

kavSi, megrulSi ki _ aris. (gamonaklisi ix. xofurSi: diWyi-

ji _ WinWari, WonWyopi _ WanWrobi).

morfologiaSi:

5) saxelobiTis niSani e WanurSia, megrulSi _ ara.

(koCefe `kacebi~, kuCxefe `fexebi~).

6) WanurSi araa daniSnulebiTi brunva, rac megruls

aqvs (koCiSoT `kacisad~).

7) TanabrobiTi xarisxis forma megrulSia, WanurSi _

ara (TuTaS maSxva `mTvaris simsxo~, TiS madida `imis sidi-

disa~).

8) q-s xmareba zmnis I-II piris formebSi mxolod meg-

rulSia, WanurSi _ ara (voreq, oreq, vWarunq, Warunq).

9) uwyvetlis d WanurSi t-d aris qceuli, megrulSi

_ ara (vordi/vorti `viyavi~, vWarundi / bWaufti `vwerdi~).

sintaqsSi:

1) gardauval zmnas subieqti yovelTvis saxelobiT

brunvaSi aqvs WanurSi: koCi Rurun (`kaci kvdeba~) _ koCi

doRuru `mokvda~ _ koCi doRureleren `momkvdara~. megrul-

Si ase araa: koCi Ruru _ koCiq doRuru.

2) gardamavali zmnis subieqti yovelTvis moTxrobiT-

Sia WanurSi: usTaq oxori kodums _ usTaq oxori dokodu _

usTaq oxori dokodudoren `ostatma (xurom) saxli aSenebs

_ ostatma saxli aaSena _ ostatma saxli auSenebia~. megru-

li ki moTxrobiTSi svams subieqts II seriis zmnebTan, gar-

damavali iqneba Tu gardauvali.

miuxedavad n. maris mtkicebisa, Wanuri da megruli ki-

loebia erTmaneTis mimarT.

18

kolxuris gavrcelebis are

(Zvelad da axla)

megruls uWiravs odiSis zegani da TiTqmis mTeli

kolxeTis dablobi _ Savi zRvidan svaneTis mTebamde da cxe-

niswyal-rionidan mdinare RaliZgamdis (afxazeTSi). megru-

lis gavrcelebis are Zvelad meti iyo aRmosavleT nawilSi:

awindeli mTeli qvemoimereTi okribisa da argveTis CaTvliT,

leCxumis qvemo nawilic megruli metyvelebis are iyo: qve-

moimerulic da leCxumuric savsea megrelizmebiT. es vlin-

deba toponimikaSi (-Si daboloebebi): jixaiSi `cixis [adgi-

li]~, WyviSi `samwyemse adgili~, tviSi, sargveSi, kintriSi

`sakitre adgili~ (baTumis olqi), oragve `xafangis adgili~,

ofSkviTi, okriba `adgili sakrave~, jimastaro (sofelia

imereTSi), xojalia `xoji=xari~ (sofelia guriaSi), CxeniSi

`cxenisi~, wyaltubo `wyalTbili~.

megrelizmebi raWaSic aris: kurkumela Rame (ubnelesi

Rame), Sdr. megruli ukumela. zisxa (`faRaraTi sisxliani~)

Sdr. zisxiri `sisxli~. gavlena imerulze sintaqsSic Cans:

kacma movida, kacma mokvda.

integraciis Sedegad megruli ixevs dasavleTisaken. Tu

gasuli saukunis 80-ian wlebSi al. cagareli mijnas meg-

rulsa da qarTuls Soris cxeniswyalze debda, ormociode

wlis Semdeg prof. i. yifSiZe aRniSnavda, rom sazRvarma da-

savleTisken gadaiwiao: sofel xunwSi, al. cagarelis cno-

biT, Warbobda megruli, axla Warbobs qarTuli. zeda xunwSi

mudam qarTulad laparakoben, qveda xunwelebze ki dacinviT

amboben, rom eseni sadilobamde megrulad laparakoben, nasa-

dilevs _ qarTulado. aseTi mdgomareobaa samiqaosa da

ilorSi, ase rom, sakuTriv sazRvari imerulsa da megruls

Soris amJamad mdinare noRelaze gadis, romelic rions er-

Tvis. aRmosavleTSi megrulis are ikveceba, dasavleTSi ki

win miiwevs da iTqvifeba afxazurSi.

oxureisa da RaliZgas Soris afxazuria gabatonebuli,

magram is TandaTan adgils uTmobs megruls (i. yifSiZe).

19

amJamad megruls samxreTiT emezobleba guruli kilo,

samxreT-aRmosavleTiT _ imeruli da leCxumuri, Crdilo-

aRmosavleTiT _ svanuri, Crdilo-dasavleTiT _ afxazuri.

Wanuri gavrcelebulia sof. sarfidan qemeramde (rizes

aqeT), Savi zRvis viwro mTagorian sanapiro zolSi. aRmosav-

leTiT es zoli mTebiTaa daxSuli. am mTebs Wanuri metyve-

leba erTgan scildeba. esaa murRulisaken md. Cxalis xeoba-

Si moqceuli rva sofeli: kostaneTi, dakvara, maqreTi, baS-

qoi, mamanaTi, dusqoi, panWureTi, mWaTi.

safiqrebelia, rom Wanebi samxreTiTac mTebSic cxov-

robdnen (axla mxolod Cxalelebi arian zRvis sanapiros da-

Sorebuli. Tanamedrove WaneTSi (sarfi _ qemeri) lazuri

mosaxleoba kompaqturia (mWidroa, mkvrivia), sul xuTiode

sofelia aTinis raionSi mahmadian somexTa, xemSinTa.

mTeli WaneTi TurqeTSi Sedis. saqarTveloSi Sedis na-

xevari sofeli CrdiloeTis punqtisa _ sarfisa. Wanebi sxva-

ganac saxloben (gadasaxlebuli arian): baTumSi, gonios Te-

mis aWarul soflebSi: Txirnali, maxo, simoneTi. TurqeTSi

mosaxle Wanebi kargaven lazurs. xSiria ojaxebi, sadac ukve

bavSvebma aRar ician lazuri.

afxazeTSi aris Wanuri mosaxleoba: gudauTis, oCamCi-

ris, soxumis garda lazebi mosaxleoben gumisTis raionSi,

eSeris Temis soflebSi: SawkvaraSi (4 komli), faCanTaSi (10

komli), xarutaSi (8 komli), fSalTiluRSi (32 komli), wa-

ra-SubaraSi (45 komli) _ es cnobebi 1929 wlisaa (arC. Ci-

qobava).

lazeTis mokle istoria:

megruli da Wanuri amJamad gaTiSulia, erTmaneTisgan

mowyvetilia. Zvelad, daaxloebiT Cv. w. aR.-iT II saukuneSi,

`Wanuri~ uSualod mihyveboda `megruls~, warmoadgenda mis

gagrZelebas. Semdeg, rogorc Cans, erT-erTi qarTveli tom-

Tagani aRmosavleTidan an samxreT-aRmosavleTidan Sig Sua-

gulSi SeWrila da megrelebi da lazebi erTmaneTs dauSore-

bia, xolo dapyrobili adgilis mcxovreblebs qarTuli Se-

20

uTvisebiaT. amis gamo axlandeli gurulebi da imerlebi ga-

qarTvelebul megrel-lazebad unda CaiTvalos (iv. javaxiSvi-

li, qarTveli eris istoria, I, 1913, gv. 57). iv. javaxiSvi-

lis azriT, qarTulad molaparake tomTa Sesvla axlandeli

imereTisa da guriis miwa-wyalze unda momxdariyo VI-VIII

saukuneebSi.

p. ingoroyvas cnobiT, lazeTi mWidrod daukavSirda bi-

zantias. saqarTveloSi iyo konstantinopolis sapatriarqos

sami olqi: 1. lazikis mitropolia (fasisi _ foTi), 2. ro-

dopolisisa (dRevandeli varcixe _ quTaisis olqi), 3. qa-

laq petrasi (dRevandeli cixisZiri _ baTumis olqi).

IX saukuneSi dasavleT saqarTvelo eklesiurad gamoe-

yo bizantias da qarTlis (iberiis) sakaTalikosos daukav-

Sirda.

VIII-XVI saukuneebSi qarTul-somxur-berZnul-Tur-

qul(seljukur) saistorio wyaroebSi lazeTis saxelwode-

baa: WaneT-lazeTi da qaldia (xaldia). amaTgan WaneTi aris

zogadi saxelwodeba mTeli samxreT kolxeTisa (JamTaaRmwe-

reli), lazia aris saxelwodeba aRmosavleT nawilisa (ri-

zes mxare), xolo qaldia _ centraluri nawilisa (trapi-

zonis mxare). qveynis dasavleTi nawili moixsenieba pontos

alagad (asea es berZnul, somxur wyaroebSic). Sua saukune-

ebSi qveynis saerTo saxelad moixsenieba kolxeTi, xolo sa-

tomo saxelwodeba Wani ( ) gviani xanis berZnul

wyaroebSi upiratesad miemarTeba trapizonisa da pontos

mTianeTSi mosaxle lazebs. xolo Sua saukuneebSi berZnebi

qveynis dasavleT nawils xalibebs da tibarenebs uwodeben.

X saukuneSi bizantiam daipyro trapzonisa da rizes

mxare. daviT kurapalati 978 wels daexmara bizantias omSi

(skliarosTan), ris gamoc man SemoierTa `zemoni queyanani~

(rizes mxare). daviTis sikvdilis Semdegac (1001) bizantiis

keisarma basil II-m daiWira isev tao da `zemoni queyanani~.

amas omi mohyva (1021-1023). gaimarjva bizantiam da SeierTa

rizes mxare. sazRvari gaatares xofasTan, cixe-simagre xufa-

Ti bizantias darCa.

21

1045 wels bagrat IV-m scada, daebrunebina lazeTi,

magram amaod. giorgi II-is dros (1073-1089) saqarTvelom

daibruna mitacebuli lazeTi. daviT aRmaSeneblis dros

(1089-1125) mTeli samxreT saqarTvelo daukavSirda saqar-

Tvelos.

am dros gamoCndnen Turq-seljukebi, romlebmac sasti-

kad daamarcxes bizantia 1071 wels da keisari romanoz dio-

geni tyved Caigdes, Semdeg Turqebi gaiWrnen Savi zRvis sana-

pirosken (trapzoni), magram Turq-seljukebi gandevnes trap-

zonidan da xaldis Temidan adgilobrivma Zalebma Teodore

gavras meTaurobiT. gavra aris xaldiis (trapzonis) adgi-

lobrivi samefos damaarsebeli, romelSic Sedioda trapzo-

nisa da kerasunis mxareebi (rizes mxare ki saqarTveloSi Se-

dioda). Teodore gavra damoukideblad marTavda xaldias.

amas bizantia ver urigdeboda da motyuebiT Teodores vaJi

konstantinepolSi datoves, raTa siZe gamxdariyo bizantiis

keisaris aleqsi komnenisa. magram konstantinepolSi gavras

vaJi mZevlad gamoacxades. igi gaiqca, daiWires da gadaasax-

les. amas mohyva ganxeTqileba. Teodore gavras sikvdilis

Semdegac misi memkvidreebi ar emorCilebian keisars da poli-

tikurad dakavSirebulni arian daviT aRmaSeneblis saqarTve-

losTan.

1204 wels Tamar mefem mTeli lazeTi SemoierTa da

daaarsa trapzonis samefo, romelSic sakuTriv WaneTis gar-

da berZnuli teritoriac Sedioda. samefos saTaveSi dauyena

komnenTa dinastiidan aleqsi da misi Zma daviTi.

aleqsi da daviTi saqarTveloSi aRizardnen da gaqar-

Tvelebuli iyvnen. am dros saqarTvelos aqvs pretenzia,

iyos meTauri aRmosavleTis qristianuli msofliosi, dakni-

nebuli bizantiis nacvlad. komnenebi _ yofili bizantiis ke-

isrebi, faqtobrivad, vasalebi iyvnen Tamarisa, misi iaraRi

politikaSi (uspenski).

XIII saukuneSi trapizonis samefos Camoscilda berZnu-

li teritoriebi (samisni, sinopi, erakliis olqebi), romle-

bic Turqebma daikaves.

22

XIII saukuneSi saqarTveloSi xvarazmelebi SemoiWrnen.

am dros saqarTvelos trapizonis samefodan SemouerTda ri-

zes mxare (daviT narinis dros, 1282 wels). 1297 wlidan

1463 wlamde lazia (aRmosavleT WaneTi) aris nawili mesxe-

Tisa, xolo amis Semdeg 1547 wlamde Sedis xan guriis sam-

TavroSi, xan mesxeTisa (samcxe-saaTabago).

1543 wels osmaleTma sulTan suleiman II-is mxedar-

TmTavris mustafaSis sardlobiT daarbia mesxeTi, tao, 1545

wels daipyro basiani (luarsab I da imereTis mefe bagrat II

damarcxdnen) da osmalebs gza gaexsnaT saqarTvelosken.

1547 wels osmaleTma daipyro guriis samTavro, daiWi-

ra rizes mxare, aWara, qobuleTi, baTumi (guriis samTavros

dedaqalaqi). gurulebma gandevnes osmalTa jari baTumidan

da Woroxs gaRma garekes. osmalebma fexi moikides rizeSi,

gonioSi cixis aSeneba daiwyes, ase rom, 1547 wels WaneTi

dapyrobili iyo: amowyvites bevri lazi, iwyes gamahmadianeba,

bevri gadmoixizna saqarTveloSi. guriaSi gadmoutaniaT la-

ziis samitropolito kaTedra. qarTveli xalxi SemdegSic ar

Serigebia WaneTisa da mesxeTis dakargvas. 1646 wels laziis

mitropoliti germane (Wani iyo) warudga ruseTis mefes

aleqsi mixeilis Zes da xazs usvams imas, rom lazia; rom

saidanac is aris, aris qarTuli miwa, saqarTvelos Zveli mi-

wa, iberiis mxare. georgievskis traqtati, romelic 1783

wels dado erekle II-m, iTvaliswinebda, rom rusebs mieRoT

zomebi _ saqarTvelos dabruneboda mesxeTi, WaneTi, samcxe-

saaTabago.

gamahmadianeba ZiriTadad ekonomikuri represiebiT xde-

boda. vinc qristes aRiarebda, mas did gadasaxadebs awerdnen.

1615 wels misioner granJies cnobiT, rizeSi Wanebi TandaTan

gadadian musulmanobaze, raTa Tavi daaRwion mZime gadasaxa-

debs. amitom winacveTen Svilebs, qalebs aTxoveben ianiCreb-

ze. es didi ubedurebaa... Cven Zalze davexmareT, vaswavlidiT

kateqiziss, STavagonebdiT qristian qalebs, romlebic Tur-

qebs gahyolodnen, Tu raSi mdgomareobda maTi qristianuli

vali. amaze a. Ciqobava SeniSnavs: Turqebisgan dawiokebuli

23

lazebis gaWirvebas ras argebda iezuit misioneris niangis

cremlebi da kateqizisis swavleba!

kolxizmebi gurulsa da imerulSi:

iv. javaxiSvili imeruli da guruli toponimikis ana-

lizis safuZvelze werda: guriis geografiuli saxelebis

dakvirveba gvimtkicebs, rom im adgilas, sadac axla guru-

lebi cxovroben, winaT megrulad mosaubre tomi unda sax-

lebuliyo. bevri soflisa da mdinaris saxelis mniSvnelobis

axsna mxolod megrulis saSualebiT SeiZleba: mTa jixanji-

ri (k. danelia: `cixisZiri~), jumaTi (juma = laz. `Zma~),

Wyongvari (Wyon = `muxa~), md. oCxamuri (`saTevzao~), oWi-

lauri (`saWilao~), WyviSi, WyviaSauri (megr. WyiSi `mwyem-

si~), WanieTi, md. gubazouli, md. kintriSi (kintiri = `kit-

ri~ `kitris adgili~), onWikeTi, onjoxeTi (megr.-laz. -o

prefiqsiTaa nawarmoebi), sof. ocana (s. JRenti: oc[x]ana; oC-

xana? Tu cana? k. d.) maSasadame, ZiriTadi da Tavdapirveli

mosaxleoba guriaSi megruli unda yofiliyo (qarTveli eris

istoria, wigni I, 1913, gv. 56).

i. yifSiZem gaimeora igive azri da daumata ramdenime

axali magaliTi: oragve (gur.), ofSkviTi (imer.), okriba (ki-

ribi `kravi~) (imer.), sof. oqona (imer.), sof. muxuri (sa-

megr., imer.), sof. jimastaro (imer.), xojalia (xoji `xari~)

(gur.), tobanieri (toba `tba~) da sxv. (maiakovskis raionu-

li gazeTi `komunisti~, 1963, 27 agv., gv. 4). amave mosazre-

bas adasturebs a. Ciqobavas mier mocemuli etimologia:

wyal-tubo, (`tubo~ _ Tbili Wanurad).

s. JRentma bevri kolxizmi gamoavlina gurulSi: Temi

`quabRa~ (Coxatauris raioni) = qva yrili (bRa = `yra~ Wa-

nurad). kolxuri fenis sityvebia:

1) naTesaobis aRmniSvneli: baba, nana (Wan., megr.), nena

(gur.), jumadi (megr., Wan.), jumadia (gur.) `biZa~, ZRabi `go-

go~, kuta/kutula `biWi~ (Wan., gur.).

2) adamianis sxeulis nawilebi: Carbi (megr., Wan., gur.)

`tuCi~, fanwala/fawala (Wan., gur.) `tyirpi~.

24

3) nalia (Wan., gur.), nania (megr.) `sasiminde~, Camuri

(Wan., megr., gur.) `sacexveli~,

rofi (gur.) Sdr. megr. rofe `xis Rrma WurWeli~.

megr. WiWe `patara~, gur.: moWiWveba èkonomia~, `moco-

taveba~.

megr., Wan. geni `xbo~, aqedan gur: mogeneba (megr. moga-

nua), `xbo rom ZuZus pirs moavlebs~.

sarfSi vaJis saxelia mamula, romlis qarTuli Sesat-

yvisia mamala, rac guriaSi gvar-saxelSia: mamala-Ze, magram

paralelurad aris mamula-i-Svili (Wanuria).

oWvaTo (megr., gur.) àdgili, sadac saxuravidan Camo-

nadeni wyali ecema~. ix. s. JRenti `zanizmebi gurul zmneb-

Si~ (enimkis moambe, V-VI, 1940).

4)kolxizmebi bevria zmnebSi: bardRali/partyali (megr.,

gur.)_ uazro laparaki, ras bluyunob (megr. bu¹inua _ gau-gebari laparaki).

racxa mibanZR-mobanZRa (megr. baZRua _ uSnod, meCxerad

Robva)

erTi karqa mobeza (megr. bezua `magrad cema~).

guubandRavs obobas qseli (megr. gobondRii `gabmuli

qseli~ (obobasi)).

ibuyneba civ Wads (megr. bu¹onua ùSnod Wama~). aakalifa waqceuli simidi (megr. ekalifua àkrefa~).

gavazizine (megr. gozizinafa `zedmetad avseba WurWli-

sa~).

gadawikuntalda (Wan. Tikuntali `yira~, `gadakotrial-

da~).

iTxipneba (megr. Txifua `dasvra~).

gikanturefs yoriferze Tavs (megr. dudiS kantai `Ta-

vis dakvra / kanturi~)

dakapanebuli uremi (meg. kapanua `datvirTva~).

karkacofs (megr. karkacanskaskasi).

mokekili wisqvili (megr. kakua/kekua `wisqvilis qvis

mopirva~).

25

kvarkvalia (megr. kvarkvali `kankali~): `sicivea kvar-

kvalia, qalo, Sen ram gadagria, kostumians rom dieZef, Co-

xiani ram dalia~.

dakvirkvalebuli Tmebi (megr. kvarkvalua, kirkoleri

Toma `daxveuli Tma~).

galifulia, gasvrilia talaxSi (megr. lifua: gasan-

Tvla, talaxSi amosvra).

ra gabRorinefs, biWo, amxels (megr. Rora, Wan. omRo-

rinu `Rriali, yvirili~).

ipurWyneba saSinlad (megr. purWyafi `uSnod furTxe-

ba~).

putunofs mTeli dRe (megr. putini `Cumi, gabmuli la-

paraki~).

deviJvere nametani (megr. divJvari, `daviqance~, gaJva-

runda `mdinareSi tansacmliT Sesvla, gawuwva~).

damJRnari vardi (megr. JRirafa `Wknoba~).

guurofa Tavi (megr. refua `raime magari sagnis dar-

tyma~).

tkarcali, atkarcalda (megr. tkarCali).

tyvapunofs wyali WurWelSi (megr. tyvapini `raime sag-

nis wyalSi Cavardnis xmauri~).

tyvapera kvercxi (megr. tyvapia `laye, umwifari~).

puJavs cecxli (megr. fuJafi `neli wva~).

gaaCikina fexi (megr. gàCikinu `gafSika fexi~). gaCxotva bJolis (megr. cxotua `gasxepva~).

warwalofs mTeli dRei (megr. qari iwarwalu... `moZra-

obs~).

gawkapva (megr. wkapua `gamwkriveba~).

mowurwkulofs (megr. wkvarwkvali).

daWiWkva SeSis (megr. WkaWkua `wvrilad daWra (Se-

Sis)~).

gaWiWinda gulze (megr. goWiWondu).

Wnexa `wnexa~ (megr. oWinaxu `sawnexeli~).

geviWaWye kaci (megr. givWyaWyi `gaviWylite~).

26

deejejgva sawyali (megr. qadajgvajgvu `mZimed rameze

dacema~).

mojliginofs, `xmauriT modis~ (Wan. ojgialu `xmau-

riT svla~. cxeni jgialeri qomorTu).

dajorgva (megr. jorgua `simZimis qveS moqceva~).

xuarxalofs wyali, `duRs~ (Wan. xarxalei wkai `mdu-

Rare wyali~, megr. xuarxvali `daudegroba~).

xuancalofs Tebzi (megr. xuancali `ganZreva~).

gaxikinebula mWadi (megr. goxikinafa, `Zalian gamxma-

ra~).

ixmiCeba `ikbiCeba~ (megr. xiCua `kbeCa~).

ixvlipeba xariviT (Wan. moxlipu `moxvrepa~).

daaxloebiT 18 saukunis win (II-III saukuneebSi), ro-

gorc ukve aRvniSneT, erT-erTi qarTveli tomis aRmosavle-

Tidan Semosvlas megrelebi da lazebi erTmaneTisTvis dau-

Sorebia, xolo dakavebuli adgilebis mcxovreblebs qarTu-

li SeuTvisebiaT.

ase rom, gurulis saxiT Cven miviReT rTuli amalgama

(SenaerTi) zanurisa da qarTulisa. asea qvemoimerulSic.

gaTiSvis momentSi iyo Tu ara kolxuri ena dialeqte-

bad (megrulad, Wanurad) dayofili? am droisaTvis megruli

da Wanuri gamoiyofoda kolxurSi, xolo axlandeli guriis

miwa-wyalze megruli iyo gavrcelebuli da ara Wanuri.

27

kolxuris kolokavuri Sedgeniloba

Wanuri da megruli erTmaneTis mimarT kiloebia da, Ta-

vis mxriv, isini iyofian kilokavebad. aRsaniSnavia, rom ki-

lokavuri diferenciacia ufro sagrZnobia WanurSi, vidre

megrulSi. Wanuris mcire teritoriaze sami kilokavia, meg-

rulis vrcel teritoriaze _ ori. Tanac, erT kilokavze

molaparake megreli ufro Tavisuflad gaugebs meore kilo-

kavze molaparake megrels (vTqvaT, banZeli samurzayanoels),

vidre sarfeli Wani aTinel Wans. n. mars aRniSnuli aqvs,

rom sxvadasxva kilokavze molaparake Wanebs zogjer erTma-

neTisa ar esmiTo.

mecnieruli daxasiaTeba da dayofa Wanuris kilokavebi-

sa mocemuli aqvs n. mars, xolo megrulisa _ i. yifSiZes

(megruli enis gramatika, 1914). marTalia, maT megruli da

Wanuri or enad miaCndaT, magram dayofa sworadaa mocemuli.

rasac isini kilos uwodeben, is CvenTvis kilokavia, ase rom,

saxelwodebis gadmowevaa (erTi safexuriT) saWiro, rom

swori suraTi gadaiSalos.

n. mars adre, 1908 wels (`Zveli qarTuli enis tabu-

lebi~) megruli da Wanuri erTi enis kiloebad miaCnda. mag-

ram es swori Sexeduleba Seicvala mas Semdeg, rac WaneTSi

imogzaura da specialurad Seiswavla igi (1910 wels gamo-

cemul Wanuris (lazuris) gramatikaSi igi calke enad acxa-

debs Wanurs).

1915 wels n. marma daazusta Tavisi Sexeduleba (yifSi-

Zis gramatikis recenziaSi) megrulisa da Wanuris istoriu-

li urTierTobis Sesaxeb da aRniSna: lingvisturi normebis

mixedviT Wanuri da megruli erTi enaa, isini erTi enis or

kilos warmoadgenen, oRond erTmaneTisgan istoriuli da

kulturuli daSorebis Sedegad ganviTardnen damoukidebel

enebado.

a. Ciqobavam 1936 wels gamocemul `Wanuris gramati-

kul analizSi~ uamrav faqtobriv masalaze dayrdnobiT zus-

tad gaarkvia Wanurisa da megrulis urTierToba: `fonetiku-

28

ri sistemis, morfologiuri da sintaqsuri struqturis mi-

xedviT Wanuri da megruli ori kiloa erTi enisa (zanuri

enisa), romlis diferenciaciasac isini warmoadgenen~.

Wanuris kilokavuri diferenciacia:

WanurSi gamoiyofa 3 kilokavi: aTinuri, viwur-arqabu-

li da xofuri. am kilokavebSi gamoiyofa Tqmebic:

aTinurSi gamoiyofa bulefur-arTaSenuli Tqma;

xofurSi gamoiyofa Cxalur-sarfuli Tqma;

viwuri da arqabulic Tqmebia viwur-arqabuli kiloka-

visa.

n. mari Wanurs saerTod or kilod hyofda: aRmosavlur

(xofuri) da dasavlur (aTinuri, viwuri, arqabuli) kiloe-

bad.

amaTgan viwur-arqabuls gardamavali safexuri uWiravs.

igi ZiriTadad imeorebs aTinuri kilokavis damaxasiaTebel

niSnebs, magram zogierTi niSnis mixedviT xofurs udgas

gverdiT, aqvs specialurad misTvis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebic,

amitom sworia misi calke kilokavad gamoyofa.

Wanuris kilokavTa Soris sademarkacio xazs warmoad-

gens:

1) y bgeris viTareba: y xmovnebis win da xmovnebs So-

ris daculi aqvs xofurs, xolo danarCenebs _ ara! viwur-

arqabulSi y gadadis ¹-Si, aTinurSi _ Á-Si gadadis (loya _

xofurSi, loÁa _ aTinurSi) an sul ikargeba:

xofuri viwur-arqabuli aTinuri

yini ¹ini ini `civi~

yuji ¹uji uji `yuri~

yona ¹ona ona `yana~

29

2) mkveTr TanxmovanTa Semdeg (t, w, W) y bgera verc

erT Wanur kilokavSi ver Zlebs (e.i. ara gvaqvs kompleqsebi:

ty, wy, Wy).

es y xofursa da viwur-arqabulSi k-d iqceva, aTinurSi

ki y ukvalod ikargeba:

viwur-arqabuli

owkedi

wkari

tvebi

mwko

mawkunen

tkubi

Wkoni

lemWkva

aTinuri

owedi

wari

tebi

wu

mawunen

tubi

Woni

lemWva

xofuri

owkedi ùyure~

wkari `wyali~

tkebi `tyavi~

mwko `wyavi~

mawkunen `mtkiva~

tkubi `tyubi~

Wkoni `muxa~

lemWkva `nerwyvi~

garda zemoaRniSnulisa, TiToeuli kilokavisTvis dama-

xasiaTebelia:

xofurisTvis:

1) myofadis warmoeba minon `minda~, ginon `ginda~, unon

ùnda~ meSveli zmniT (vidaminon `waval~, idaginon `waxval~,

idasunon `wava~, vidaminonan `wavalT~, idaginonan `waxvalT~,

idasunonan `wavlen~).

2) III seriis naaoristali TurmeobiTi I-is warmoeba

ere-Ti, naaoristali TurmeobiTi II-isa _ ere-ti sufiqsiT,

naaoristali kavSirebiTi III-isa _ ere+ta-s saSualebiT:

Tur. I: b-zim-ere `me nazomavar mas~, zimere `Sen nazo-

maxar~, zimeren ìman nazoma~, bzimereT, zimereT, zimerenan.

Tur. II: bzimereti `me nazomaviyav mas~, zimereti `Sen

nazomaiyav~, zimeretu ìman nazomiyo~, bzimeretiT... zimere-

tes

kavS. III: bzimereta `me nazomaviyo mas~, zimereta `Sen

nazomaiyo~.

3) fuZiseuli u-s i-Si gadasvla (substitucia), o-s i-

Si gadasvla:

30

Cqini `Cveni~, Wkidi `mWadi~, nisa `rZali~, dozimu `ga-

zoma~, daCxiri `cecxli~, Sdr.: viwur-arqabulSi, aTinurSi:

Cquni, Wkudi, nusa, dozumu, daCxuri. u : i.

kila `gasaRebi, klite~, kirza `kovzi~, oWkiru `Wra~,

Sdr.: viwur-arqabulSi, aTinurSi: kola, korza, oWkoru (oS-

koru _ aTinurSi), ~. o : i.

4) r bgeris dasusteba-dakargva. es xdeba xmovnebs So-

ris da s Tanxmovnis win. procesis kera xofuria, Tumca ar-

qabulSicaa gadasuli.

r ikargeba xmovnebs Soris: gu[r]i `guli~, jige[r]i

`RviZli~, Ju[r]i òri~, gÁa[r]Á `puri~, nose[r]i `Wkviani~.

r ikargeba s-s win da R, x, spirantebis win; s-s win:

Cumes (Cumers) ìcavs, ucdis~, iwkes (iwkers) ùyurebs~, im-

xos (imxors) `Wams~, dogaWiss (dogaWirs) `dagWirdeba~.

R, x, -s win: oRaRalu (// oRarRalu) `laparaki~,

RaRalita (// RarRalita) _ `jirkvlis avadmyofoba~, ÁoRani (// ÁorRani `sabani~, wiRu (// wirRu) _ `xorcmeti (saqon-lisa)~, oxixinu (// oxirxinu) `xarxari~, maxva (//marxva)

`naRverdali~, kei (//keri) `kanafi~, kai (kari) berZn.

`lursmani~, sua (// sura) `sufra~.

5) Temis niSania -uf/-if nacvlad aTinur-viwur-arqabu-

li -um/-om-isa: kvaTufs `Wris~, gorufs èZebs~, lokufs

`lokavs~, mTufs `Tovs~, wilufs `krefs~, iqifs àkeTebs~,

gedgifs `dadgams~, Sdr.: viwur-arqabul-aTinurSi _ gubums

`xarSavs~, Warums `wers~, kvaTums `kveTs, Wris~, Sums

`svams~, ¹azums `Tlis~...

xofur kilokavSi gamoiyofa Cxaluri da sarfuli

Tqma. amis gamoyofis safuZvelia myofadis warmoeba: kavSire-

biTis formas + ùnon~ ucvlelad, oRond kavSirebiTis

forma icvleba ara marto piris, aramed ricxvis mixedviTac:

bzimaunon `gavzomav~ (`vzomo minda~), zimaunon `gazomav~,

zimasunon `gazomavs~, bzimaTunon `gavzomavT~, zimaTunon `ga-

zomavT~, zimanunon `gazomaven~.

leqsikaSi ar aqvT zura (самка), laki (собака). zuras

nacvlad xmaroben wuna-s da fina-s: wuna/fina joRoi

31

(психа). sityva kanjuRi (самка) ixmareba msubuqi yofaqcevis

qalis mniSvnelobiT: kanjuRi oxorja. gvxvdeba sityva upar-

kale (=gauTxovari qali).

6) Cven nacvalsaxelia: aÁa, ia (`es~, `is~), Sdr.: aTi-nurSi _ ham, him.

aTinurisaTvis:

1) myofadis warmoeba -ere-Ti: bzum-a-re `gavzomav~,

zum-a-re `gazomav~, zum-a-s-e-re/zum-a-s-e `gazomavs~, bzumaTe-

re/bzumaTe `gavzomavT~, zumaTere/zumaTe `gazomavT~, zuman-

e/zuman-e-n `gazomaven~ (am bolo n-s morfologiuri funqcia

ara aqvs, igi danarTia).

2) III seriis mwkrivTa warmoeba: doren, dortu[n],

dortas meSveli zmnis gamoyenebiT:

naaoristali TurmeobiTi I: bzumidoren, zumidoren,

zumudoren, bzumiTdoren, zumiTdoren, zumesdoren _ `me na-

zomavar mas~ (=mizomavs).

naaoristali TurmeobiTi II: bzumidortun, zumidor-

tun, zumudortun, bzumiTdortun, zumiTdortun, zumesdor-

tun _ `me nazomaviyav mas~ (=mezoma).

naaoristali kavSirebiTi III: bzumidortas, zumidor-

tas, zumudortas, bzumiTdortas, zumiTdortas, zumesdor-

tas _ `me nazomaviyo mas~ (=mezomos).

3) moTxrobiTisa da micemiTis dasusteba. es axasiaTebs

gansakuTrebiT arTaSenul Tqmas: aq moTxrobiTis adgils

yvelgan saxelobiTi iWers: avji mTuTi doilu; konqSi miwu-

Ci qorme maqvali dosqu~ `mezobelma (mezobeli) miTxra, rom

qaTamma (qaTami) kvercxi dado~.

oxorZa koCi muSi uwu-Ci `qali (qalma) kacs (kaci)

rom uTxra~, koCi uwumers oxorZa `kaci eubneba qali

(qals)~, sin mu dulÁa giRun maxo? `Sen ra saqme gaqvs, ma-xo?~ (=maxos). s Á-d iqceva sityvis bolos: ja favri qonCaÁ (=jas qonCans) `xes foTlebi asxia~, diSqa kvaTuÁ `SeSa (Se-Sas) Cexs~, koCefe wari SumteÁ, oSveÁ (=Sumtes, oSves) `ka-cebi (kacebma) wyali dalies (sves)~.

32

Sdr. xofuri: bRaRalaf,

aTinuri: vixapar

`vlaparakob~.

4) ukanaenismierTa (g k q) palatalizacia gaafrikate-

bamde. ase rom, g, k, q gadadis j, W, C-Si. es procesi n. mars

dadasturebuli aqvs bulefur TqmaSi, a. Ciqobavas ki _ ar-

TaSenulSic.

gj: j(Á)ari (gÁari `puri/saWmeli~), bajeni (bageni

`sasiminde~), jeni (geni `xbo~), jendRani (gendRani `zeg~),

dobjibar (dobgibar `movxarSav~), jefTi (gefTi `Cavedi~),

jevolam (gevolam `Camovvardebi~), berji (bergi `Toxi~),

jevoWare (gevoWare `daviwyeb~)... jokucxu (gokucxu `gaiRvi-

Za~) _ piriqiT jÁ: Áoxo (joxo `saxeli~).

kW: ToWi (Toki), Wibri (kibiri `kbili~), laWi (laki

`lekvi~), mWafu (mkÁafu `tura~); mustaWi (mustaki ùlva-

Si~), morderi mustaWi uRun _ `mozrdili ulvaSi aqvs~; bi-

WiTxi, iWiTxi, iWiTxu _ `vikiTxe, ikiTxe, ikiTxa~.

qC: CÁoi/Coi (qÁoi, Turq. `sofeli~), beCi (belqi,

Turq. ègebis~), giwva-Ci (giwva-qi, Turq. `qi~ _ rom), CiTabi

(qiTabi Turq. `wigni~), aleÁCum (aleÁqum) selam `mSvidoba

Tqvenda~, CÁoqi (qÁoqi Turq. `Ziri~), duCÁane var on `duqani ar aris~.

5) CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebis agebuleba: ham, him (ès~,

ìs~). asea es aTinurSi, xolo xofurSia _ aÁa, ia, viwur-arqabulSi _ haÁa, hea.

viwur-arqabulisaTvis:

1) subieqturi prefiqsi I pirisa b xmovnebis win (nac-

vlad v-si): bore `var~, bidi `wavedi~, bigzali `vimgzavre~,

bimgari `vitire~, bimxor `vWam~.

2) CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelis agebuleba: haÁa, hea (ès~, ìs~), Sdr. xofuri: aÁa, ia, aTinuri: ham, him.

3) leqsikaSi orZu (<_ orZo), Sdr. xofuri: Troni, aTinuri: kuli `savarZeli, skami~.

biparamiTam (arqab.)

bisinafam (viw.)

33

4) myofadis warmoeba ere-Ti (gansxvavebiT xofurisagan).

5) III seriis mwkrivTa warmoeba doren, dortu, dor-

tas meSveobiT (gansxvavebiT xofurisgan).

viwur-arqabuls yvelaze kargad daucavs Wanuris leq-

sika. igi `saukeTeso Wanurad~ miaCniaT TviT Wanebs. Wanuri

yvelaze mkvidria aq, yvelaze Seryeulia aTinurSi.

megrulis kilokavuri Sedgeniloba:

megrulSi gamoiyofa ori kilokavi: senakuri da zugdi-

dur-samurzayanuli. megrulis gavrcelebis teritoriaze ar

aris iseTi geografiuli dabrkoleba, rom komunikacia Wir-

des, amitomaa, rom daSorebuli kuTxis megrelebi kargad

ugeben erTmaneTs:

senakuri (aRmosavluri megruli): senaki (yofili cxa-

kaia), abaSa, martvili (yofili gegeWkori).

zugdiduri (dasavluri megruli): zugdidi, walenjixa,

gali, oCamCire (RaliZgamde).

gardamavali (centraluri): xobi, Cxorowyu.

mecnierulad dasabuTebuli kilokavuri dayofa megru-

lisa pirvelad mogvca i. yifSiZem (1914 wels).

senakur kilokavSi gamoyofen martvilur-banZur Tqmas,

xolo zugdidur-samurzayanulSi _ jvarul Tqmas.

zugdidur-samurzayanulisTvis (MZ) damaxasiaTebeli

movlenebia:

1) ¸ bgera. esaa iracionaluri xmovani (`iracionaluri~

_ laT. `ugnuri~ `gonebisTvis miuwvdomeli, ganusazRvre-

li bunebis~ (i. yifSiZe), naxevarxmovani, miRebuli sruli

xmovnis (i, u, o) dasustebis Sedegad (a. SaniZe, a. Ciqobava,

g. axvlediani).

i¸: g¸r¸nigirini `viri~, k¸nt¸ri (kintiri) `kit-

ri~, T¸ri (Tiri) `Tovli~...

34

o¸: q¸morTu (qomorTu) `movida~, q¸dàT (qoda¹aT) `daagdo~...

u¸: baR¸ (baRu `beReli~), gorCx¸ `garecxa~, dorg¸ `dargo~...

am bgeras pirvelad al. cagareli Seexo, miiCnia naxe-

varxmovnad, romelic u, i, o, Á refleqsebs iZleva. xolo

dRes ¸ miCneulia meoreul (sekundar) xmovnad (a. SaniZe),

romelic xmovanTa reduqciiT miiReba, anda, erTad Tavmoy-

ril TanxmovanTa gamoTqmis gasaadvileblad viTardeba.

¸ ZiriTadad zugdidur-samurzayanulSi ixmareba, amitom

ambobda yifSiZe, rom `zugdidur-samurzayanul motivebs Cven

vaxasiaTebT, rogorc ¸ metyvelebas~. ¸ senakurSic aris,

magram iSviaTad.

2) i-s u-Si (resp. o) gadasvla (substitucia): juquro

MZ // jiquro S `jiqur~, tabuki MZ // tabiki S `tabla~,

i/o: nosa MZ // nisa S `rZali~, note MZ // nite S `netav~.

3) o gadadis u-Si (substitucia): Tuma MZ // (Toma S

`Tma~, ¹una MZ // ¹ona S `yola~.

4) va kompleqsi (amosavali) darCenilia zugdidur-sa-

murzayanulSi, sxvagan `o~-a: qvara (qora S) `muceli~, gvala

(gola S) `mTa~, Rvara `Rriali~, xvara `meloti~, WvarWvali

(WurWuli `wurwuri~ `плеск воды~), xvilari // xolari

`xvliki~.

5) micemiTi brunvis niSani s gadadis c-Si: koc `kacs~,

osurc `qals~, muJanc `ra Jams~.

6) S1 niSani v zugdidur-samurzayanulSi TanxmovniT-

dawyebuli zmnis fuZesTan b aris: bWarunq, bragadanq (S: vWa-

runq, vragadanq) `vwer, vlaparakob~.

7) saTaviso qcevis I piris subieqtTan (viWarunq, viWu-

anq) zugdidur-samurzayanulSi metaTezisi xdeba, i win gad-

modis: ibWarunq `viwer~, ibWuanq `vitkiveb~.

TviT zugdidursa da samurzayanuls Soris damokidebu-

leba Tqmiseburi Cans.

35

1) roca samurzayanulSi ä gvaqvs (S3 niSani), maSin

zugdidurSi iu gvaqvs:

samurzayanuli: gourqu `gaeqana~, iCu ìlaparaka~, qeCu

èlaparaka~, qocu `Seiyara~, q¸docu..., daiyara (dacvivda)...~ zugdiduri: gourqiu, iCiu, qeCiu, qociu, qedociu...

2) samurzayanulSi zmniswinebTan da zmnis SigniT uasi-

milacio formebia, zugdidurSi ki _ orive (asimilirebuli

da uasimilacio).

samurzayanuli: qousqudu xoji `xari eba~, gamkoutaxi

`movutexe~, vadoutebu àr dautovebia~, mours `modis~.

zugdiduri: mukmuRu/mukmouRu `gamoaqvT~; eSurs/eSo-

urs àdis~, gimurs/gimours `gamodis~, qedutu/qedoutu `da-

utova~... aq gardamavali safexuria senakursa da samurzaya-

nuls Soris.

3) samurzayanulSi reduqcia ufro intensiuria: Txor-

na `Txrian~, Warna `weren~, xonna `xnaven~... reduqciis mize-

zia momdevno a (an) sufiqsi (m. cikolia).

samurzayanulSi reduqcia mosdis: Wubra, oWiSWubra

`zurgwabla~. oxakle (oxarkale) `sanayi qva~. uklaSi ùm-

crosi~, woxle `win~, maJra `meore~.

aseve mosdis qarTulidan Sesul sityvebs: Tavisfali,

xenwfe, Sobloba, izdore, kirle, saapracio.

jvaruli Tqmis damaxasiaTebel niSnad i. yifSiZe Sem-

degs miiCnevs: gaormagebuli xmovnebi disimilacias ganicdian.

es `grZeli~ xmovnebi miRebulia ori xmovnis meqanikuri Se-

erTebiT, roca maT Soris arsebuli Tanxmovani daikarga: ja-

li/jaali (javali* Sdr. Zevali k.d.), ambe/ambee (am-

beiambaiambavi), naTese/naTesee (naTeseinaTesainaTe-

savi). zog aseT sityvas jvarulSi disimilacia mosdis:

eeie: we/wee, magram wie `biWi~; iiei: wyi/wyii, magram wyie

`wyavi~. magram aq disimilacia araa, aramed uasimilacio

formebia (Zveli) SerCenili, Sdr. qomiwei `miTxari~, voTxei

`vaTxove~ (eiiii: qomiwâ). uuou: Cxu/Cxuu, magram

Cxou `Zroxa~.

36

al. cagareli jvarulis Taviseburebad miiCnevda dj:

jo, juji, ragaji, ubejuri (do, dudi, ragadi, ubeduri)

`da (kavSiri), Tavi, laparaki, ubeduri~. i. yifSiZe aRniSnavs,

rom es sityvebi j-Ti mas ar gaugonia, Tumca jvarelebi am-

boben, rom Zvelad icodnen ase laparakio.

senakurisaTvis (S) damaxasiaTebeli movlenebia:

1) martivi xmovnebis qona, ¸-s uqonloba, l-s sisus-

te-gaqroba.

2) i ar gadadis u-Si.

3) o ar gadadis u-Si.

4) o ar iZleva va kompleqss: qora `muceli~, gola

`mTa~...

5) micemiTi brunvis niSania -s da ara -c: kos, xos,

¹udes `kacs, xars, saxls~.

6) S1 niSania v- Tanxmovnebis win da ara b-: vWarunq,

vragadanq `vwer, vlaparakob~.

7) saTaviso qcevis formebSi S1 niSania vi-: viWarunq,

vixantuq `viwerebi, vixatebi~, Sdr. MZ: ibWarunq.

8) leqsikaSicaa sxvaoba: senakurSi metia qarTuli sit-

yvebi, vidre zugdidur-samurzayanulSi, mag., S: simidi, piro-

ba; xolo MZ: lazuti, pijala.

banZur-martviluri Tqmis gamoyofis safuZvelia l bge-

ris viTareba, sadac l gadadis Á-Si, an sul ikargeba. asevea

r bgerac.

l-s palatur bunebas da silbos xazi gausves al. ca-

garelma, i. yifSiZem, a. Ciqobavam. palatalizaciis gamoa, rom

lÁ. ase rom, l, rogorc fonema, warmoTqmaSi ar arsebobs

martvilur-banZur TqmaSi. l xmovanTa win an SuaSi Á-d iq-ceva an sul ikargeba: Áexi `avadmyofi~, Áuka `luka~, maÁazo-ni `monazoni~, ÁuRi `leRvi~... an l>0. e.i. l dasustebis Se-

degad vokalizacias ganicdis, gadadis mezobel xmovanTa Tvi-

sebriobaSi: dabai `dabali~, dadui `dedali~, furcei `fur-

celi~, Cii `coli~, baiSi `baliSi~, burWui `waldi~.

37

sxva enebis gavlenis kvali kolxuris

leqsikur Sedgenilobaze

TiTqmis xuTi aseuli wlis manZilze Turqi asimilato-

rebi yovelmxriv cdilobdnen moespoT Wanuri metyveleba. Wa-

nurma ganicada Turquli enis ZaliT asimilaciis araCveu-

lebrivi Zlieri gavlena. am gziT Wanurma SeiTvisa Turqu-

lis mravali sityva da dakarga sakuTari Camomavlobis sit-

yvebi: magaliTad, `melias~ nacvlad Wanuris yvela kilokavSi

ixmareba Turquli Tilqi/TilCi (aTinuri). sayuradReboa,

rom i. yifSiZes WaneTSi mogzaurobis dRiurSi aRniSnuli

aqvs soflis saxelwodeba meliaT (=meleTi). sarfSi s.

JRents daudasturebia gamoTqmaSi: melisTei iwker `melasa-

viT icqirebi~. roca ukiTxavs s. JRents, melisTei ra ariso,

upasuxiaT: àSo bzoponT, miTiq SeÁTani’sTei-na iwketas~ àse vityviT, vinme(m) eSmakiviTo rom icqirebodes~.

aseve Turqulma Trangi-m gamodevna Wanuri RormoTi

`RmerTi~. me sarfelebs rom Sevaxsenebdi, `kio~ midastureb-

dnen, Zvelad icodneno `RormoTio~.

damkvidrda Semdegi Turquli sityvebi: ukara `Rari-

bi~, zengini `mdidari~, faRi `sufTa~, sari `yviTeli~, ÁeSi-li `lurji~, konqSi `mezobeli~, Tenbeli `zarmaci~, qesqini

`bejiTi~, qiTabi `wigni~, deTei `rveuli~. Turqulia weli-

wadis droebis saxelwodebebi: kiSi `zamTari~, Áazi `zafxu-li~, gÁuzi `Semodgoma~.

Turqulidan aris nasesxebi kavSiri `qi~: uwu-qi ùT-

xra rom~, sxvaTa sityvis nawilaki deri/dei: gÁari ifxosdei `saWmels Wamso~.

kavSiri Áa àn~: Áa momCi, Áa vidare àn momeci an wava-lo~.

berZnulis gavlena Wanurze ZiriTadad leqsikaze modis.

WanurSi araa adgilobrivi sityva `saqmis~ aRsaniSnavad da

ixmareba mxolod berZnuli `dulÁa~. berZnulidanaa lazurSi

Sesuli:

38

avlia `ezo~ (ύ), drepani `celi~ (δρεпανον), ora

`dro~ (ω’'ρα), oridi//oidi ( ) `warbi~, sabatoni

(), kari lursmani (к'), noRame//noRamisa

(s), новобрачныи, paramiTi: paramiTams (пαραμύζι),

красноречив, panda/panta `yovelTvis~ (п), papuwi (JR.

<fabuC (Turq.)) ΠαΠοuτζ, wangi (ξ)_ qalis fexsacme-

li, skurai (φ), `samarTebeli~, Rnosi (ω) Wkua;

oxoronu (s) cekva, Silidani `mSiridoni~ ()

mercxali; Silia (ιs), Sira ( ) qvrivi, qmrisgan mi-

tovebuli.

berZnulidan nasesxebia kavSiri oti (τι) (aTinurSi:

uwuoti `uTxra rom~).

somxuris gavlena umniSvneloa. yifSiZes aqvs dadastu-

rebuli xaji `jvari~, romelic modis somxuri Ë³ã-dan.

megrulze yvelaze Zlieri gavlena qarTulma moaxdina:

axali/axai, da, dabali, maRali, kani, uaresi, oTxi, xuTi,

aTasi...

gavlena morfologiasac etyoba (mic. brunvis niSani -

s...)

i. yifSiZes Tavis leqsikonSi aRnusxuli aqvs (megrul-

Si) 50 sparsuli, 40 arabuli, 30 Turquli, 15 berZnuli,

35 rusuli sityva. yvela es ucxo sityva gvxvdeba qarTul-

Sic.

samurzayanulSi afxazuri sityvebicaa Sesuli:

abasana крыльцо, agvara хлев, afsTa река, ущелье, afuni

весна, bJake борода, dag¼a глухой.

sparsuli sityvebi:

abazi (fuli), almasi, aluCa, angariSi, anderZi, anfer

(aferum), afxanaki, baiSi/baliSi, bangi, baRi, biWi, dalaqi,

damazi, daraia, dardi, dasuro (dastur), daula (dambla),

39

dazga, dalua, dii/demi (devi), doRabi, durgali, duSmani,

zari (moTqma), zurna, TaraSi (=TareSi), Terzi, imendi, laS-

qari, laxti, liSani/niSani/Sana _ `saqmros saCuqari~, muqTa-

xora, namusi, orsanti/ostati, parpali, partaxi, pasuxi,

susti/susTi, tambaCa, tani, qamari, qira, Sangi (Savi), Sanqa-

ri, Sara, Cangali, xabruzaki (арбуз), spars.=nesvi, jamagiri,

jani, jibe.

m. xubuas gamokvleviT, sparsulia Semdegi sityvebi meg-

rulSi: angi (spars. hang `harmonia~), angiSmangi `Sesaferisi,

Tanaswori~, apurtaki `sazidi, aWimi~, xevs. avardagi, aram-

xutu (sakuTari saxeli) sp. eràn xutà. bargi `tanisamosi~, bego `qalbatoni~, Sdr. beqa èrisTavis coli~ (saba), burna:

gileburonu `daTareSobs~, sp. borna àxalgazrda~, ga `bor-

cvi~ (sp. gah, jah àdgili~), gua, guaguaT gilafurinuna _

grova-grova..., gorda `mrudi~, darja (darjania gvaria, mo-

dis darejan-idan). daura (sp. daula `wre, mrgvali~), Tabuni

`toli~, àmxanagi~, buni/bunioba (sp. bun `Ziri~, `safuZve-

li~). Tangi (Sdr. Targi) spars. Tang: `tilo, sadac suraTis

konturebs gamoiyvans mxatvari winaswar~. Tarnake koCi

`flidi...~, Tembeli `zarmaci~, Jumini: miJuminu (sp. Jubin/zu-

fin `Subi~). qvira `kvici~, CorbaCi `pativsacemi~, CuRina

`molaybe~ (sp. CuRul, `mabezRari~), Wamaka: gileWamaku `dar-

dimandobs~.

arabuli sityvebi:

adamiani, amnaxanto (qarT. `naxati~), anji `spilos Zva-

li~, atlasi, ajameTi `xSiri tye~, ajami ùcxoeli, barba-

rosi, warmarTi~, baraTi, omboli (u-m-boli ù~(=ar), bu

(arab. baba/gaga)+li (sufiqsi), e.i. ùmamo, oboli~, daveba

(viduuq спорю), dunia (мир), duqani, eqimi, zanduki, zanTi

(qarT. `zavTi~) yvirili, zarali, Tamami, iRbali, madani

(клад), mizani `Turqi jariskaci~, moxamuzi/muxamuzi (шпора),

muTaqa, nodi (qarT. `nadi~), saTi `saaTi~, sevda/serda

(печаль), seni, seri забава (qarT. `seiri~), Toiseri, unabi,

filaRi (бородка петуха), fargali, qesa (qisa), qeifi/qeefi,

40

Ralati (arab. `Secdoma~), Raribi, yabuli `Tanxmoba~, Suka

(переулок), xazina, xaziri готовый, xaTari, xalisi, xalxi,

xanaTi (`mtroba~) moxanaTe `mteri~, xarazi, xarji, xati,

xeiri, xurujuni, jandaba (ад), jilo/njilo (qarT. `jeeli~)

огромный, сильный, hava, halali, harami неверный, жадный.

rusuli sityvebi:

akoSka, ataJa, aficeri, boWka, dereJani (rus.

Ffrang.) дилижанс, iuka (euka) юбка, kraoti, kapeiki, kapi-

tani, naCaiki, staqani, spiCqa, ontka, yarauli, stoli, Sine-

li, uCitei (uCiteli) da sxv.

Turquli sityvebi:

Aalaverdi (бог дал) alerti (eklesia), ali (пламя),

araba, baba, baSlay¸, borji (долг), срок, goTanaborjis, boxCa,

brinji, burRi, gemi, durgali, durSumani, Tenjiri чугунныи

котел , Tofi, ToqarTo подушка, TuTumi, Tumani, iaraRi, iS-

ta `mada~, kaxma/kaxpa `bozi~, kenja `bavSvi~, Tojina, oda

дом, oTaxi, oya (3 funti), ojaxi, sirma `oqromWedi~, yama,

Ceqma, jayva.

berZnuli sityvebi:

aloni/aÁoni (ηλιοs, αλιοs) утренняя заря, andamazi (alma-

si) ’αδαμαs, ankesi/arkeci (αγκιστρον), afTeqa (αпοηκα), baia

(βαιον) balaxi, boria (βορεαs), boro (μωροs) suleli, bor-

qomi (μοχλοs), broli (βηρυλλοs), dafi (δαφνη) `dafna~, dia-

koni (διακονοs), sabatoni (σαββατον), kanoni, kramiti

(κραμιδι), kalanda (καλανδαι) новыи год, lagvani /»agvani (λαγηνα) кувшин, leqsi/lersi (λεξιs), margaliti

(μαργαριτηs), melani (μελαν), orgia (curvis ileTi), papa

(пαппαs), saki (σακκοs) мешок, sindisi (συνειδησιs), turpan-

ti (τρυпανον), burRi, qula (χωλοs), bebeli (βεβηλοs)

осквернить, kabeti (kτ) немного.

41

somxuri sityvebi:

galatozi (·³Õ³÷áë) `kalatozi~, ganZi (·³ËÓ) (sp.-dan), geri (·³ÍÑ) Sdr. m-geli, gvirabi (ìÇñ³å), vari¹a/vara¹a (í³ñÇí) курочка, TvaTvi `TaT~ (qarT. TaTi), kakula `gangur~ локоны (Sdr. gagurjela - кудри), kambeSi `gomÀS~, navari (Sdr. onavari) àvar~ грабитель, oriji `Àrinj~ скот, Jami `Jam~, roWiki `roWik~ (`dRiuri jamagiri~), wvrili danaSau-li.Uunwi/munwi/munWyi, Sdr. ìnw~ барс.

magram aris piriqiTac: somxurs kolxuridan aqvs SeT-visebuli sityvebi: Wanji/WanWi `WanW~, gordi (megr. gordou Jvabus gu. aq gordou araa Tevzis saWeri wnuli, aramed aris `bayayi~), somxurSia `gort~. rom es qarTulia, iqidan Cans, rom TuSurSia yvarti (Sdr. Zv. qarT. m-yvari).

somxurSi sparsulidan Sesulad miaCniaT `sox~ (soxi) лук, `taSÀr~ (tiSoni) чистить, magram SeiZleba qarTulidan modiodes. asea `qiT~ (ni-qiTi) морда, Sdr. ni-skarti / ni-kar-ti; oCxari `kaÁr~ (mkelabeli) banjinjeli.

svanuris gavlena leqsikaSi umniSvneloa (piriqiT ki sagrZnobia). megrulSia pirseli (кум), romelic, i. yifSiZis varaudiT, unda modiodes svanuri li-priste-dan (крестить).

svanuridan nasesxebad miaCniaT prefiqsebi le-/la-: le-xaindrao, le-ZaZame...

cnobilia, rom umwerlo qarTvelur enebs (kolxuri, svanuri) Tavisi wvlili Seaqvs saliteraturo qarTulis ganviTarebaSi, amdidrebs leqsikas. i. yifSiZes megrelizmebad miaCnia qarTulis Semdegi sityvebi:

seroba (Zv. qarT.: vaxSmoba), Sdr. megr. seri `Rame~; or-Wofi (òr~ qarT.+ megr. Wofua `Wera~); dedamTili, mamamTi-li (megr. dianTiri, muanTiri), Zilis-Sina сновидение (Sdr. megr. Sina `gaxseneba~) _ es araa ase! Zilis-Sina berZnulis kalkia ( = Zilsa Sina). Sumi крепкое вино, xvadi; iC-qiTi внезапный, romelic rusTvelTanaa, ase rom, arCilis mi-er Teimuraz I-is piriT wayenebul braldebas `raca ena, yvela giTqvams, somxuri da megrulica~, garkveuli safuZveli aqvs.

kolxizmebi qarTulSi ix. gv. 11-13.

42

kolxuris Seswavlis istoria

pirveli adgili drois mixedviT megruli sityvebisa da

frazebis Cawerisa ekuTvnis Turq mogzaurs evlia-Celebs,

romelic iyo saqarTveloSi XVII saukunis 70-80-ian wlebSi.

igi Tavisi `mogzaurobis wignis~ erT gverds uTmobs meg-

ruls. mohyavs ricxviTi saxelebi Zalze Seryvnili formiT,

mag., 11 Cawerilia, rogorc arTviTi (nacvlad viTaarTisa)...

XVII saukuneSi samegreloSi iyo italieli kaTolike

misioneri arqanjelo lamberti, romelmac gamosca wigni `sa-

megrelos aRwera~ (qarTuli Targmani il. Wyoniasi, 1901 w.).

aq specialurad enaze araa laparaki, magram zne-Cveulebebis

aRwerisas moyvanilia megruli sityvebi.

germanelma mecnierma akad. gvildenStedtma mogzaurobi-

sas (1768-75) da saqarTveloSi yofnis dros 1771-72 ww., Se-

adgina patara sityvaTa krebuli kavkasiaSi xmarebul enaTa

Sesadareblad (sityvebi dalagebulia sagnobriv-Sinaarsobri-

vad. saxelebi, zmnebi cotaa, sul 290-mde sityvaa, romlis

mixedviTac qarTuli, megruli da svanuri monaTesave enebia)

da daurTo Tavis aRwerilobas (`mogzauroba ruseTsa da

kavkasiaSi~, gamosca akad. palasma or tomad germanul enaze,

t. I, 1787, t. II, 1791, peterburgi).

es iyo pirveli nabiji qarTvelur enaTa SedarebiTi

Seswavlis masalebis Sesagroveblad. magram Secdomebia bevri:

mugoko `ra~, qobali `Zroxa~, Wkomi `puri~.

aseTive enobrivi masalebi Seagrova 1807-1808 ww-Si sa-

qarTveloSi mogzaurobis dros germanelma iulius klap-

roTma da momcro SedarebiTi leqsikonis saxiT daurTo Ta-

visi mogzaurobis aRweras `mogzauroba kavkasiasa da saqar-

TveloSi 1807-8 wlebSi~, (t. I, 1812 w., berlini, t. II, 1814

w., II gamocema frangulad, parizi, 1823 w.). klaproTma gai-

meora gvildenStedtis Secdomebi.

ucxoel mkvlevarTagan yvelaze faseulia georg roze-

nis Sromebi (germanul enaze): 1) lazuri enis Sesaxeb, grama-

tikuli mimoxilva, berlini 1844; 2) megrulis (9gverdi

43

uWiravs), svanuris (12 gv.) da afxazuris (12 gv.) Sesaxeb,

osuri gramatikis gamokvleviTurT, berlini, 1846. rozenma

pirvelma scada, moeca sistematuri gramatikuli mimoxilva

megrulisa da Wanurisa da Tavisi droisTvis marjved gaake-

Ta. masve ekuTvnis pirveli cda qarTvelur enaTa SedarebiTi

fonetikis Seswavlisa (Semdeg es al. cagarelma gaakeTa).

iv. javaxiSvilis TqmiT, rozenis or patara wignSi aS-

karad Cans avtoris dakvirvebis alRo da unari. al. cagare-

li ki wers, rom masalebis simciris gamo mkiTxvels uWirda

daejerebina rozenis debulebanio.

rozens bevri aqvs lafsusic, mag., mas mohyavs sityva

`soWanan~ (сапожник). ase ucvlelad gaimeora es sityva aWa-

rianma. sinamdvileSi unda iyos so Wanan (k. d.: so Wanan, e.i

`sad keraven~).

1895 wels venaSi rihard erkertma gamosca kavkasiuri

Ziris enebi. I nawilSi leqsikuri masalaa. 545 sityvaa Tar-

gmnili. 30 enaa.... xunZuri, lakuri, CaCnuri, afxazuri, qar-

Tuli, lazuri, megruli, svanuri.

winamkvlevarTa Sromebisa da sakuTari dakvirvebis sa-

fuZvelze a. aWarianma gamosca wigni frangul enaze parizSi

Jurnal `parizis saenaTmecniero sazogadoebis moambeSi~,

1897-98 ww. am wigns hqvia: `etiudi lazuri enis Sesaxeb~.

am wigns bevri nakli aqvs, yvela winaparTa Secdoma gameore-

bulia aq, magram Rirseba isaa, rom vrcelia, teqsti da leq-

sikoni axlavs (nawili am teqstisa n. marma Seaswora da ga-

mosca Tavis `lazuris gramatikaSi~ 1910 wels). n. mari aR-

niSnavs, rom aWariani cudad, Zalze cudad erkveva fonetika-

Si da misi Cawerili sityvebi arasworia xSirad, ar icis ia-

feturi enebis gramatika, amitomaa, rom sawyisad moyvanilia

kWiS, rac sinamdvileSi modis gWiS-idan, sadac g O2-is niSa-

nia.

miuxedavad yovelive am naklisa, aWarianis wignma didi

daxmareba gauwia n. mars winaswar SeemuSavebina Wanuris gra-

matikuli sqema. misi leqsikonis Sesworebisa da Semowmebis

Sedegad warmoiSva maris leqsikoni _ gramatikaze darTuli.

44

qarTuli enaTmecnierebis Camoyalibeba dakavSirebulia

al. cagarlis saxelTan. man 1872 wels peterburgSi dabeWda

saintereso gamokvleva: Сравнительный обзор морфологии

иберийской группи Кавказских языков. igi 1876-78 wlebSi ma-

salebs agrovebda megrul-svanur-Wanuris Sesaxeb. 1880 wels

al. cagarelma dabeWda `Мингрельские этюды~ or wignad, I

_ teqstebi, II _ fonetika: Опыт фонетики Мингрельского

языка.

megrulis SeswavlaSi al. cagarlis Sromebma epoqa Seq-

mnes (i. yifSiZe). man pirvelma moimarjva teqstebis Casawe-

rad qarTuli anbani, SemoiRo specialuri niSnebi ¹ da ¸. mo-cemulia yvela bgeris dawvrilebiTi aRwera, dadgenilia Zi-

riTadad bgeraTa Sesatyvisobani qarTvelur enebSi (is didi

Rirsebaa!), oRond gaaCnia nakli: Sesatyvisobebs avtori eZebs

ara marto diferencirebul masalebSi, aramed saerToSic, an-

gariSs ar uwevs semantikur gadaxras, amitomaa, rom cagar-

lis mixedviT, megr. j gadadis qarT. j, Z, r, d, c, x-Si. mag.

xe _ ja. magram ase araa: ja _ Zel (angariSi araa gaweuli

semantikur gadaxraze).

es wigni kargi saCuqari iyo qarTvelTmcodneobisaTvis.

amas unda mohyoloda megrulis morfologia, svanurisa da

lazuris enaTmecnieruli daxasiaTeba. magram al. cagarels

guli gautexa rusifikatorulma politikam. saswavlo ol-

qis mzrunvel ianovskis `wyalobiT~ brZola gaCaRda qarTu-

lis winaaRmdeg. am dros megrulisTvis rusuli anbani (qar-

Tulis nacvlad) iqna SemoRebuli. aman guli gaucrua al.

cagarels da mas 15 weli araferi dauweria. samegrelos

saRi inteligencia da xalxi zemoxsenebul cdas SeewinaaR-

mdegnen da CafuSes igi.

1895 wels petre Waraiam Jurnal `moambis~ 1895-96

wlis X, XII, I, II nomrebSi gamoaqveyna cagarlis fonetikis

Semavsebeli da Semsworebeli sayuradRebo Sroma `megruli

dialeqtis naTesaobrivi damokidebuleba qarTulTan~.

a. cagarlis Semdeg meore xana qarTul enaTmcodneobaSi

iwyeba n. maridan. kolxuris mecnieruli Seswavla, pirvel

45

yovlisa, ukavSirdeba n. marisa da i. yifSiZis saxelebs. sa-

marTliani iyo erTi mecnieris Tqma, rom a. cagareli da

i. yifSiZe megrulis `kirile da meTode~ ariano (S. beriZe).

n. marma 1910 wels gamosca aRweriTi xasiaTis `grama-

tika Wanuri (lazuri) enisa qrestomaTiiTa da leqsikoniT~.

es Sroma n. maris pozitiur saenaTmecniero SromaTagan erT-

erTi saukeTesoTagania.

i. yifSiZem 1911 wels gamosca `Допольнительные

сведения о чанском языке~, sadac dawvrilebiT SeCerda Cxa-

lur Tqmaze (maris mier aRuniSnav faqtebze), daazusta ma-

ris ramdenime debuleba.

1914 wels i. yifSiZem gamosca `gramatika megruli

(iberiuli) enisa qrestomaTiiTa da leqsikoniT~, rusul ena-

ze, peterburgSi. am Sromas maRali Sefaseba misca n. marma

da sanimuSod CaTvala igi. es aris saunje qarTvelur enaTa

Seswavlis saqmeSi. aseve aRsaniSnavia kluge, Beitröge fur

mingrelischen grammatik, 1916, berlini, Studgarti.

1939 wels a. Ciqobavam gamoaqveyna yifSiZis mier 1917

wels Cawerili teqstebi (teqstebis naxevarze meti dakargu-

lia).

kolxuris SeswavlaSi gansakuTrebuli wvlili miuZ-

Rvis a. Ciqobavas. 1929 wels gamosca `Wanuri teqstebi~

(xofuri kolokavi). 1936 wels _ `Wanuris gramatikuli

analizi teqstebiTurT~ (viwur-arqabuli, aTinuri). aq Wanu-

ris gramatikuli analizi mocemulia megrulsa da qarTul-

Tan mimarTebiT. 1938 wels gamosca `Wanur-megrul-qarTuli

SedarebiTi leqsikoni~ da sxva specialuri Sromebi.

kolxurze arsebul masalaTagan aRsaniSnavia:

s. JRentis `Wanuri teqstebi: arqabuli kilokavi,~

1938; misive, `Wanur-megrulis fonetika~, 1953 w.

g. xubuas `megruli teqstebi~, 1937 w.

kolxurze specialuri Sromebi aqvT gamoqveynebuli: a.

SaniZes, v. Tofurias, g. rogavas, i. asaTians (disertacia:

`windebuli zanurSi~, 1952), n. naTaZes, m. xubuas, q. lomTa-

TiZes da sxvebs.

46

aRsaniSnavia, rom 1937 wels g. diumezilma parizSi ga-

moaqveyna Wanuri (arqabuli) teqstebi `Wanuri zRaprebi~, 131

gverdi, romelsac axlavs sityvasityviTi da literaturuli

franguli Targmani komentarebiT. g. kartoziam 1972 wels

gamosca lazuri teqstebi (xofuri da viwur-arqabuli ki-

lokavisa). aseve, sayuradReboa: lazuri teqstebi (xofuri)

ir. asaTianisa, 1974; megruli poezia t. gudavasi, 1975.

f o n e t i k a

kolxuris bgeriTi Sedgeniloba.

bgeriTi sistemis zogadi daxasiaTeba

kolxurSi aris yvela is bgera, rac qarTulSi moipove-

ba. qarTulis msgavsad kolxurs axasiaTebs xmovanTa siRari-

be da TanxmovanTa simdidre (a. Ciqobava), magram aris sxvao-

ba.

lazurSi gvaqvs naxevarxmovani Á, romelic sxvadasxva

bgeris refleqsia: Ái.LdulÁa `saqme~, ÁavaS `nela~, Áazi `zafxuli~, ÁaRi èrbo~, gÁusTu `dausxlta~...

Áy: loÁa (= loya `tkbili~), miÁonun `myavs~, meÁva-feri (=meyvaferi `mawoni~).

Áj: Áoxo `saxeli~, ujoxu `dauZaxa~.

Ál (megrulSi): Áurji (lurji), ÁuRi (luRi), ÁeSi (leSi).

Ár: ren _ Áen àris~ (miÁen _ miren `vin aris~),

doxToÁefe èqimebi~, binjiÁare `daviZineb~. qarTulisgan gansxvavebiT, kolxurSi gvaqvs iraciona-

luri xmovani ¸ (megrulSia mxolod). es zugdidur-samurza-

yanulSia: igi Cndeba i, u, o-s reduqciis (dasustebis) Sede-

gad:

i¸: g¸r¸ni, q¸ri, çra, Wy¸nt¸...

47

u¸: W¸n¸ (=Winu), t¸b¸, n¸k¸ (nuku `nikapi~), id¸, qi-merT¸.

o¸: q¸morT¸ (=qomorTu), q¸d¸vogi (=qodovogi), k¸la

(=kila/kola (gasaRebi), k¸rza (=korza/kirza). TanxmovanTa kompleqsis gasayrelad Cndeba `parazitu-

li~ ¸: saq¸me, z¸reli. ¸ Cndeba sityvis absolutur boloSi:

ides¸ `wavidnen~, tyas¸ `tyeSi~, Cilq¸ `colma~, giSeles¸ `gaiares~.

WanurSi aris Turqulidan SeTvisebuli bgera : igi

ixmareba Turqulidan da berZnulidan nasesxeb sityvebSi.

aris kbilbagismieri yru fSvinvieri: irali `firali~, mu-

sairi `stumari~, tueRi `Tofi~, ukara `Raribi~, eendi

`batoni~, oridi `warbi~, kari `lursmani~.

Wanuri warmoSobis sityvebSi ar ixmareba, amdenad,

igi araa fonema. zogjer v-s nacvlad ismis. magram es po-

ziciiTaa Sepirobebuli: moTi (Sdr. qarT. viqrob). es aTi-

nurSia!

Wanuri ise ganicdis ucxo (Turquli) enis gavlenas,

rom bgera isesxa (a. Ciqobava). Wanebi SeniSnaven xolme Tur-

qulad molaparake aWarlebs: fukara, efendis amboben ukara,

eendis nacvlado.

agreTve aRsaniSnavia l-s sirbile (megrulSi) da r-s

sisuste (WanurSi).

aRsaniSnavia ¹ faringaluri (yelismieri) bgera, rome-

lic axasiaTebs Wanuris viwur-arqabulsa da aTinur kiloka-

vebs da megruls. es ¹ modis y-sgan misi dasustebis gziT: ¹uji, ¹viTei, ¹ude...

Wanuris arc erT kilokavSi ar Zlebs ty, wy, Wy kom-

pleqsebi. aq y>k//0: wkari/wari `wyali~, tkebi/tebi `tyavi~,

gÁoWku/gÁoWu `daiwyo~, mxolod xofurSia ramdenime Sem-

Txveva: tyubi `tyupi~, Wyinti, WoWyofi `WanWrobi~, WinWyva-

la `Signeuloba~, munWyi `maCvi~. xom araa aq qarTulis gav-

lena? megrulSi yvelgan daculia y am kompleqsebSi.

48

vokalizmi

kolxurs qarTulis msgavsad aqvs Cveulebrivi martivi

xmovnebi: a, e, i, o, u. magram qarTulTan SedarebiT kol-

xurs meti aqvs: a) iotiani (Á) xmovnebi: Áa, Áe, Áo, Áu. b)

magarSemarTviani xmovnebi: ï, ð, ñ, ò, ó da g) fSvinvierSemar-Tviani xmovnebi: ha, he, hi, ho, hu.

megrulis zugdidur-samurzayanul kiloSi aris neit-

raluri ¸ xmovanic. martivi xmovnebi: megrul-Wanuri a saSualo tipis xmo-

vania, maSin, roca qarTuli a ufro win wamoweuli xmovania.

a e i (Á) _ wina rigisa da zeda aweulobis

a o u (Â) _ ukana rigisa da zeda aweulobis

a _ dabali aweulobis

e, o _ saSualo aweulobis

i u (Á Â) _ maRali aweulobis

i yvelaze wina rigisaa, u _ ukanasi.

yvelaze viwroebia i-u, yvelaze farToa _ a.

megr. a tipologiurad = rus. a-s, rogorc amas swo-

rad SeniSnavda a. cagareli.

megrul-WanurSi e dasturdeba Ria da daxuruli, anu

iotiani. Ria e ismis aseT frazebSi: si mi e? `Sen vin xar?~,

muferi koCi e? `rogori kacia?~. magram sarfulSi aris Á-iani (daxuruli) e: muko waneri Áe? `ramdeni wlisaa?~. Ria

e warmoiTqmis megrulSic: e boSiq mumas uwuu `am biWma ma-

mas uTxra~.

i

e

u

o

a

Á Â

49

i, rogorc maRali warmoebis viwro xmovani daaxloe-

biT = qarT. i-s.

megrul-Wanuri o ufro Rrma ukanaenismieria, vidre

qarTuli o.

megrul-Wanuri u artikulaciurad gansxvavdeba qarTu-

li u-sagan.

megrul-Wanuri u imdenad Rrmad ukanaenismieria, rom

enis ukana nawilis artikulacia ver aRwevs magari sasis bo-

lomde.

¸ xmovani ix. gv. 46. iotiani xmovnebi: aseTi xmovnebi meoreuli warmoSobisa

arian da miiRebian aRmavali difTongizaciisadmi tendenciiT

(roca viwro Riaobis xmovani farTo Riaobis xmovanTan me-

zoblobaSi aRmoCndeba).

WanurSi (gansakuTrebiT) da megrulSi Á-iani xmovnebi (Áa, Áe, Áo, Áu) gvxvdeba rogorc nasesxeb sityvebSi, ise Wa-nuris sakuTar sityvebSi: dulÁa `saqme~, SilÁa àTasi~

(berZn.), ÁavaS `nela~, ÁaRi èrbo~, kazÁaRi `navTi~, ÁeTimi òboli~, qÁoqi `fesvi~.

sakuTari sityvebi: gÁatkvacu (<geatkvacu `daaxta~),

pÁati `cudi~, mkÁafu `tura~, Áali `sarke~, kÁeti `patara joxi~, ÁefuTxu àfrinda~, ÁofSa `savse~, gÁusTu `daus-

xlta~, Áulun àdis~, WÁurWa `WinWara~. aRsaniSnavia, rom aRmavali difTongizaciis procesSi

xmovnebis garda monawileoben sonori Tanxmovnebi r WanurSi

da l megrulSi.

rÁ: ren _ Áen àris~, Cqimi Áen `Cemi aris~, koCi Áen `kaci aris~, kiÁu _ kiru `Sekra~, doxToÁefe èqimebi~, bin-jiÁare `daviZineb~.

lÁ: amas xels uwyobs is, rom l rbili xmovania da

Á-Si gadasvlamde l palataldeba llÁÁ: Zalami _ ZalÁami _ ZaÁami `Zalian~, malazoni _

malÁazoni _ maÁazoni `monazoni~, dRalefi _ dRalÁefi _ dRaÁefi `dReebi~, luRi _ lÁuRi _ ÁuRi `leRvi~, aseve:

Áakvi `lekvi~, Áagvani `qvevri, lagvini~.

50

magarSemarTviani xmovnebi: aseTi xmovnebi meoreulia

megrul-WanurSi da Cveulebriv Sedegia faringalur mkveTr

¹-sTan ¹ < y < k/g momdevno xmovnebis Seguebisa. Sdr.: yur-dgeli.

magarSemarTviani xmovnebi gansakuTrebiT axasiaTebs Wa-

nuris aTinur kilokavs: ¹ar, razec a. Ciqobava wers: Tavki-duri ¹ abzacis aRmniSvnelia da fonemis mniSvneloba ara

aqvs.

s. JRents msgavs magaliTebad miaCnia: ¹amma `magram~, ¹an-dRa `dRes~, ¹iduSunu ìfiqra~, sa¹ati `saaTi~, ¹efuTxes àfrindnen~, ¹ovro `rva~, ¹ides `wavidnen~, ¹igzalu `wavida,

gaemgzavra~ (es ufro aTanurSia). gvaqvs megrulSic: mida-

ra¹u `gareka~. ray<rek-va, ¹vilua /kvla/<¹vil-un-s < k[i]l-

av-s.

magarSemarTviania xmovani, roca igi faringalur ¹-s Se-egueba: ¹ude `saxli~, ¹uji `yuri~, ¹a `yeli~, qi¹ana `qveyana~, ¹urzeni `yurZeni~, ma¹are `mayari~, ¹ona `yana~. aq ¹<y.

fSvinvierSemarTviani xmovnebi: es axasiaTebs Wanuris

viwur-arqabulsa da aTinur kolokavebs: ha, he, hi, ho, hu

xmovanTa fSvinvieri SemarTva axasiaTebs CvenebiT nacvalsaxe-

lebs, zmnizedebsa da zogierT nasesxeb sityvas. xSiria ha da

he, iSviaTia hi, aseve ho, hu:

fSvinvieri SemarTva CvenebiT nacvalsaxelebSi: haÁa ès~, hea ìs~, ham ès~, hem ìs~, hamuSi àmis~, hemuSi ìmis~,

hanTefe èseni~, henTefe ìsini~...

zmnizedebSi: heq ìq~, haq àq~, haSo àse~, heSo ìse~,

heqole ìqeT~, haqole àqeT~, hawi àxla~, hus àxla~, hako

àmdeni~.

zogjer fSvinvierSemarTviani o miRebulia qo-sagan:

hopWkomi (<qopWkomi) `SevWame~, Zigara hoSu (<qoSu) `Tamba-qo moswia~, haguwuRu `gamoarTva~, hododgiTu `gaCerda~,

hoZiu `naxa~...

xmovanTa fSvinvieri SemarTva sporadulia xofurSi,

sul moSlilia megrulSi. megrulSi fSvinvieri SemarTva

51

xmovnebisa mxolod SorisdebulebTan dasturdeba qarTulis

msgavsad: ha jimaRureli... hai jimaia, hait nugaSqurinenania.

xmovnebis fSvinvieri SemarTva meoreuli araa, is Zveli

viTarebis naSTi unda iyos.

difTongebi da difTongizacia

kolxurSi gansakuTrebiT mdidradaa warmodgenili aRma-

vali difTongebi, damavali difTongebi mkrTalia.

difTongizaciis procesi gansakuTrebiT Zlieria Wanur-

Si. al. cagareli aRniSnavda, rom megruli difTongebiT mdi-

dari ar ariso da amis mizezad asaxelebda megrulis midre-

kilebas srulxmovnobisaken. cagarelis dakvirveba sworia.

aRsaniSnavia, rom difTongis pirvel nawils WanurSi

TiTqmis yvelgan Á Seadgens (Áa, Áe, Áo, Áu), xolo qarTul

kiloebSi Senaxul difTongebSi Á difTongebis II nawilia

(damavalia). damavali iyo difTongebi Zvel qarTulSi. axal-

Si ki, saliteraturo qarTulSi, difTongebi araa da arcaa

mosalodneli, radgan yoveli xmovani saliteraturo qar-

TulSi mkafiod warmoiTqmis.

aRmavali difTongizaciis procesSi WanurSi I komponen-

tad monawileoben i, e xmovnebi (a, o da u-sTan SeerTebiT),

agreTve narnara r (Wan.), l (megr.), aseve ¹ da j (aTinurSi). ia>Áa: man-Áa `meo~ (Sdr. mokonia megr.), kai sersi mi-

Run-Áa `kargi xma maqvso~ (megr.: miRunia), ia/Áa mxolod a-s

iZleva fuZiseuli i-s Semdeg. awi-a àwio~, oxomiSqvi-a `ga-

miSvio~, aqonaSi-a àqao~. sxva sityvebSi: nalÁa `nalia~,

nosÁari `Wkviani~, onjRorÁari `morcxvi~, aÁa muen? ès ra aris?~. nasesxeb sityvebSi: Áahudi èbraeli~, dulÁa `saqme~, SilÁa àTasi~, ÁavaS `nela~, Áazi `zafxuli~, ÁaRi èrbo~, lobÁa TurCa en, Cqin xaji buwumelT `lobio Turqulia,

Cven xajs veZaxiTo~.

52

ea>ia>Áa: gÁatkvacu (<geatkvacu `daaxta~), gÁaTxazu (<geaTxazu `daedevna~), gÁajinu (<geajinu `daawva~), gÁakibi-nu ùkbina~, qogÁaknu `xeli staca~.

megrulSi ea>ia, magram ia ar iZleva Áa-s, e.i. difTon-

gizacias ver iZleva: qi¹ana (<qe¹ana), wiari (<weari_wevari), tiani (<teani_tevani), iafS¸ (<eafSu àevso~).

eo>Áo: gÁoWku `daiwyo~ (<geoWku), qogÁonjiru `Caaw-vina~, gÁowkedu `daxeda~, ÁofSu àavso~ (<eofSu), gÁolu

`daaxta~ (<geolu), xe ÁoRi (< xe eoRi megr. `xeli aiRe~).

eu>Áu: so Áulur (<eulur) `sad adixar~ da so

gÁulur (<geulur) `sad Camodixar~; gÁustu da gÁanTxu `dausxlta da daeca~.

WanurSi aRmaval difTongizaciaSi monawileobs r→Á (a, e, i xmovnebTan): binjiÁare `daviZineb~, doxToÁefeq èqi-mebma~, si mi Áe `Sen vin xar~, SeÁefe (<Serefe `nivTebi~).

megrulSi aRmavali difTongebis SeqmnaSi monawileobs

l→Á: daÁaqi, maÁas, Áagvani, Áadiri, buÁeki, Áuka, Áuri. Wanuris aTinur kilokavSi aRmavali difTongis Á miRe-

bulia y-s xmovanTan Seguebis gziT: loÁa `tkbili~, meÁaferi `mawoni~, oÁazu `gaTla~, mevoÁum `mivyvebi~, miÁonun `myavs~, seri diÁu `daRamda~.

zogjer aRmavali difTongizaciisaTvis xeli Seuwyvia

j-s palatalizacias, Á-d qcevas: emuS Áoxo (<joxo) ìmis saxeli~, badis uÁoxu

(<ujoxu) `dauZaxa~. aris SemTxvevebi, roca aRmavali dif-

Tongis I komponentad monawileobs o da iqceva v-d: dvaCodu

(<doaCodu) `gauTavda~, dvaWkindu (<doaWkindu) `daiRala~,

dvaWu (<doaWu) `daewva, etkina~, dvoSqidu (<dooSqidu) `daaxrCo~.

aRmavali difTingis warmoqmnas zogjer xels uwyobs

u>î. ¹îa `Subli~, jîa `Zua~, qîa `qva~, tîa `tomara~, Tqîa min reT `Tqven vin xarT~: skîami `lamazi~, Warîa `wera~, uxîene oxorja òrsuli qali~.

53

damavali difTongebi:

aî: kaîli ves `sanaZleo dades~.

eÁ: eÁseles àdgnen~, SeÁtani èSmaki~. aÁ: domaÁlu `Semomakvda~, kaÁmaxa (meg. `kalmaxi~).

oÁ: doÁles `mokles~, goÁqTu `dabrundnen~. aTinur kilokavSi s-s dasusteba iZleva Á-s da iqmneba

damavali difTongi. oSveÁ (<oSves), SumteÁ (<Sumtes) `svam-dnen~, Sdr. qarT. (qiziyuri) miÁdevs, boÁtani, wyli piraÁ (=piras).

xmovanTa poziciuri sigrZe: kolxurs istoriulad, bu-

nebrivad grZeli xmovnebi ara aqvs. samagierod, megrulSi

xSiria poziciurad grZeli xmovani, rac gamowveulia ori

erTad Sexvedrili xmovnis gaerTianebiT. `mu ambee?~ an ambá. aq `grZeli~ e asea miRebuli: ambavi>ambai>ambei>ambee>ambá. am gziTaa miRebuli: naTesee `naTesavi~, safulee `saflavi~, ka-

ree `karavi~, iangee (iangeÁ<iagaÁ<iagavi//igavi). aq saurTier-To asimilacia unda gvqondes: ai>ei (regr. asim.), Semdeg

ei>ee (progr. asim.). asea megr.: maisi>meisi>meesi>mási; nai-ri>neiri>neeri>neri.

ei regresuli asimilaciiT iZleva ii-s: SeiZleba>SiiZ-lebe>Siilebe, demi>dei>dii `devi~.

zogjer poziciurad grZeli xmovani miiReba or erTna-

ir xmovans Soris v-inis dakargviT (roca ori xmovani uSua-

lo mezoblobaSi moeqceva): patii (<pativi), gvilaa (<gvila-

va), papaa (<papava), bWarundee (<bWarundeve) `vwerde~... aris megrulSi poziciuri grZeli xmovnebi: ragada-

ans/ragadans `laparakobs~. xSiria sityvis absolutur bo-

loSi: i¹uu ìqna~, uwuu ùTxra~, Tqä `Tqva~, kiTxä `hkiT-xa~, doWä `Sekera~, ragadä ìlaparaka~, gàTä `gaaTava~. jva-rulSia: vuwei `vuTxari~, voTxei `vaTxove~ (>vuwâ, voTxâ asimil.), vuwei (<vuwevi, voTxevi, axsna g. rogavasia). ase rom, aqac poziciuri sigrZe gvqonia xmovnisa.

54

konsonantizmi

kolxuris TanxmovanTa sistema imeorebs qarTulis Tan-

xmovanTa sistemas mcireodeni gansxvavebiT. kolxursac axasi-

aTebs sameulebrivi sistema Tanxmovnebisa:

b f p, d T t, Z c w, j C W, g q k. meeqvse sameu-

li qarTulSi defeqturia (Ã y), rac kolxurs ar gaaCnia,

radgan xaxis moqmedeba kolxurSi Sesustebulia, faringalu-

ri artikulacia moSlilia. y mxolod zog kilokavSia da-

culi, sxvagan is sxva refleqsebs iZleva.

y da misi refleqsebi: y ucvlelad aris daculi xo-

furSi: ya `civi~, yini `yinuli~, yvali `yveli~, yona `yana~,

muyu `mayvali~, yuji `yuri~, yvilums `klavs~, mindiyonu

`waiyvana~...

msgavs magaliTebSi viwur-arqabulsa da aTinurSi y>¹ an ikargeba: ¹ini `civi~, ¹uji `yuri~ / ini, uji.

megrulSi y→¹, rasac xeli Seuwyvia magarSemarTviani

xmovnebis warmoqmnisaTvis: ¹uji, ¹ule, qi¹ana... iSviaTad y-c dasturdeba megrulSi xmovnisa da v-s

win: yarauli, yazaxi, yvarani (=yorani), ikoSayarä `Seyara~, yoryeli `xorxi~, yayali `CoCqoli~, yoyore `gogra~, iyviy-

vinans `nazad, faqizad gamoiyureba~. bolo magaliTi gviCve-

nebs, rom, Tu fuZeSi ori y aris, maSinac y ar icvleba ¹-d. y megrulSi daculia harmoniul kompleqsebSi (ty, wy,

Wy):

ty: tya `tye~, tyebi `tyavi~, tyobua `damalva~, tyura

`tyuili~...

wy: wyari `wyali~, wyurgie `wyaro~, wyuriSi `wyalgri-

li~, wyii `wyavi~, wyunafa `wyineba~.

Wy: Wyori `mwyeri~, Wyvadua `wyveta~, Wyuala `wyevla~,

doWyafa `dawyeba~, WyeSua `damwysva~ (mwyemsva, xedna).

megrulisgan gansxvavebiT, harmoniul kompleqsebSi (ty,

wy, Wy) y ver Zlebs Wanuris verc erT kilokavSi, y>k (vi-

55

wur-arq., xof.) an y>0 (e.i. k-c ikargeba aTinurSi), mag. ix.

gv. 27-28: y > ¹ > Á > 0 xofurSi ramdenime magaliTia SerCenili aseTi kompleq-

sebisa: tyubi `tyupi~, Wyinti, WoWyofi `WanWrobi~, munWyvi

`maCvi~, WinWyvala `Signeuli~.

y > ¹. ¹ bgera amomwuravad daaxasiaTa al. cagarelma.

manve SemoiRo teqstebSi grafikuli niSani ¹. cagareli wer-

da: ¹ bgera iseTive warmoSobisaa, rogorc y, oRond pirveli

am ukanasknelze naxevrad ufro sustia raodenobrivad da

Tvisobrivad. saxeldobr, am bgeris (¹) warmoTqmisas araa sa-Wiro erTmaneTTan Zlierad miWera im organoebisa, romlebic

monawileobas iReben am bgeris warmoTqmaSi: ena zeviT iwevs

da odnav exeba rbili sasis bolos. haernakadi gadalaxavs

ra am dabrkolebas, gadmocems ¹-s, romelic simaRliT da

xagrZlivobiT nakleb intensiuria, vidre y. amdenad, ¹ meg-

rulSi yvela SemTxvevaSi warmoebulia y-sgan da meoreulia.

cagarelis mixedviT, ¹ aris xorxismieri yru napralovani. eq-

sperimentuli gamokvlevebiT dadasturda, rom ¹ napralovani

(spiranti) araa (s. JRenti).

megrulSi ¹ dasturdeba v-s (î) win: ¹vana, ¹vilua, ¹vinTa-fi. xmovanTan da v sonoris win ¹-s SenarCunebuli aqvs ¹-sgan momdinare mkveTrobis Tviseba, es iqidan Cans, rom I pi-

ris niSani v an m kontaqturi asimilaciiT p-d iqceva: dopi-

li (< dop¹vili < dovyvili), ma puns (<p¹uns<myuns). WanurSi (viwur-arq., aTin.) zogjer y icvleba k-d:


yvari kvari kvari `yorani~

yvali kvali kvali `yveli~

yva kva kîa/va `Subli~

yvareri kvareri kvareri `dedali~

agreTve xofuri kikiliki (<`yiyliyo~).

56

r fonema kolxurSi: n. marma da i. yifSiZem yuradReba

miaqcies r-s gauCinarebas megrul-WanurSi, xolo Ciqobavam

gansakuTrebiT aRniSna misi dakargvis faqti xmovnebsa da s-s

win. xolo JRentma specialuri werili uZRvna `r fonema

megrul-WanurSi~, saq. mecn. akad. moambe, XI2, 1941.

1) r ikargeba masobrivad xmovnebs Soris: gui `guli~,

jigei `RviZli~, bee `bavSvi~, oxoi `saxli~, nosei `Wkviani~,

isTees `TamaSobs~, ibies ìmReres~, gÁai `saWmeli~.

megrulSi SedarebiT mtkicea r: guri `guli~, Jiri

òri~, re àris~, wyari `wyali~...

magram dasturdeba magaliTebi r-s gauCinarebisa: (garda

banZur-martvilurisa); sxvagan ki: maJia (<maJira) `meore~,

jgua (<jgura) `msgavsi~. 2) r uCinardeba s-s win: ibgas (<ibgars) `tiris~, ibis

(<ibirs) `mReris~, nokis (<nokirs) àbia~, Cumes (<Cumers) ìcavs, icdis~, uwumes (<uwumers) èubneba~.

3) r uCinardeba sxva spirant TanxmovanTa win (R, x,

): oRaRalu/oRarRalu `laparaki~, buRuli/burRuli `Rer-

Rili~, RaRalita (=RarRalita) jirkvlis avadmyofoba, wi-

Ru (<wirRu) xorcmeti, oRirinu `Rrena~, ÁoRani (<ÁorRa-ni) `sabani~, doRu (<dorRu) `marTali~, oxixinu (<oxirxi-nu) `xarxari~.

Sdr. megr: Waxali (<Warxali), vexi (=verxvi).

Wan.: kei (<keri `kanafi~), kai (<kari `lursmani~),

sua (<sufra). 4) r mtkicea da ar ikargeba gkq, dtT, Zwc, jWC, bpf,

m-sTan: burgili `muxli~, bergi `Toxi~, Turqi `Turqi~,

farka `kaba~, kardala `qvabi~, xorci, sarfi, qarba `muceli~.

5) piriqiTac xdeba: r Cndeba xSulTa win: marqvali

`kvercxi~, qarto `qertli~, morgaptu ìgebda~. megr.: mar-

wveni `mawoni~, Wirqa `Wiqa~, urcxo ùcxo~, arkvani àkvani~.

megrulSi (ara WanurSi!) r viTardeba xSirad spirante-

bis win: qorsa `qosa~, firsa `fisi~, layurSi `layuCi~, Wir-

xini `Wixvini~, SxurSxini `SuSxuni~.

57

iSviaTad aris WanurSic: sersi `xma~ (<sesi), irxi

(<ixi `qari~). WanurSi r Cndeba kiTxviTi i-s win, roca sityva i/e-ze

bolovdeba: iZRiri? `gaZexi?~, iZici-r-i? ìcine?~, ìcini?~,

idi-r-i? `waxvedi?~, ma domkiTxiri? `me mkiTxe?~.

r-s buneba palatogramuli meTodiT Seiswavla s. JRen-

tma da misi gauCinareba ase axsna: r-s gauCinareba WanurSi

xmovnebs Soris an xmovansa da spirants Soris Sedegia e.w.

asimilaciuri tendenciisa. r-s dune artikulacia WanurSi

Seerwymeba wina momdevno xmovnis an kidev wina xmovnisa da

momdevno spirantis artikulacias. amitomaa igi warmoTqmaSi

daCrdiluli. namdvilad ki enobriv fsiqologiaSi igi arse-

bobs potenciurad. es rom asea, iqidan Cans, rom, Tu

mTqmels gavameorebinebT, igi mas gaacnobierebs da uTuod

warmoTqvams.

l fonema megrulSi: al. cagarelma da i. yifSiZem xazi

gausves l-s sirbiles megrulSi da mis palatalur bunebas.

am bgeraze o. qajaias specialuri statiacaa: `l fonemisaT-

vis megrulis martvilur-banZur TqmaSi~ (ped. inst. Sromebi,

III, 1956).

l-s silbo yvelaze Zlieria senakurSi, misi palatali-

zacia gansakuTrebiT Zlieria martvilur-banZur TqmaSi, ise

Zlieri, rom Tvisobrivad axal bgeraSi, Á-Si gadadis. mar-tvilur-banZur TqmaSi l, rogorc fonema, dRes warmoTqmaSi

ar arsebobs.

a) l>Á xmovnebis win: Áagvani `lagvini~, Áadiri `ned-li~, Áakvi `lekvi~, Áogini `logini~, Áurji `lurji~,

Áebia/ebia `lobio~, ÁeSi/eSi `nemsi~. b) l>Á xmovansa da Tanxmovans Soris: axaÁgazda àxal-

gazrda~, qomoÁsqua `vaJiSvili~, kaÁmaxi `kalmaxi~, SaÁvari `Salvari~. magram: Culqi, xalxi (aramegr.).

g) l>Á Tanxmovansa da xmovans Soris: pÁatoki `cxvir-saxoci~, baSÁayu `baSlayi~, qimÁaxvadu `daxvda~, magram:

Rlami, qlibi, Wleqi (aramegr.).

d) xmovnebs Soris l>Á an l>0.

58

l>Á: qaÁaqi `qalaqi~, aÁoni àlioni~, xvaÁu `daaxve-la~, moÁa `wamodi~, goÁa `mTa~, oÁage `kibe~, RoÁans àke-Tebs~, koÁo `mZaRe~, xoÁo `kidev~, ToÁua `Tla~, CiCoÁua `dafSvna~, xvae/xvaÁe `marto~.

l>0: e.i. vokalizacia, xmovnebSi Serwyma. Tu kompleq-

sis erT-erTi wevri i aris:

ali>ai: ZaiT `Tvali~, wamai `wamali~, qobai `puri~,

margai `megreli~, kakai `kakali, marcvali~...

oli>oi: Toi `Tovli~, orkoi `doqi~, orzoi `sagza-

li~, qomoi `mamakaci~, marWixoi `mercxali~...

uli>ui: ukui `mere, kvlav~, mumui `mamali~, birgui

`muxli~, dadui `dedali~, fuiri `maluli~, gotebui `gaSve-

buli~.

eli>ei: sqei `sqeli~, Tei `cocxali~, menZei `mTeli~,

orTumei `maspinZeli~, Rurei `sasTumali~, sofei `sofeli~.

aq kompleqsis meore wevri iyo i, axla vnaxoT pirvel

wevrad i:

ila>ia: Ciamuri `cremli~, kardia `kidobani~, xviari

`xvliki~, rkia `kivili~, kia `klite~, giarTu ùvlis, utri-

alebs~.

ilo>io: siogini `sulguni~, sadioba `sadiloba~, iori

ìlori~, Cio `colad~, cqvafio `Seqebulad~.

ile>ie: kie `mklavi~, viqie ìqiT~, kieri `daketili~,

ginies `gadavidnen~.

ili>ii: dinafii `dakarguli~, rgii `darguli~, kii

`nakli~, Cii `coli~, qviSii `qvisli~.

mxolod ilu>Áu: miniÁu `Sevida~, daxvamiÁu `daaxved-ra~, dopiÁuns `momklavs~.

daskvna: l bgera Á-d iqceva a, o da u xmovnebTan me-zoblobaSi, xolo e-sTan an ikargeba, an Á-s iZleva, xolo i

xmovanTan yovelTvis dakargulia l.

WanurSi sporadulad aris xmovnebs Soris l-s vokali-

zacia (l>0): yaefe (<yalefe) `toti, rto~, jaefe (<jale-

fe) `xeebi~.

59

ZiriTadi fonetikuri movlenebi

palatalizacia:

Suaenis (=enis zurgis Sua nawilis) magari sasis mi-

marT moqmedebis Sedegad miRebul bgeras eZaxian palatalurs

(laT. palatum `sasa~, frang. palatal `sasisa~). xmovanTagan

palataluria e da i (germ. ü über). qarTulSi palataluri

Tanxmovnebi ar gvaqvs, Tu ar CavTvliT naxevarxmovan Á-s, romelic mijnazea xmovansa da Tanxmovans Sua.

palataluris garda enaSi SeiZleba iyos palatalize-

buli bgerebi anu rbili bgerebi (palatalur bgeraTa mezob-

lobaSi), mag. д’ет’и. aq д’ da т’ rbilia (palatalizebulia),

radgan isini palatalur (е, и) bgerebis mezoblobaSi iZenen

koartikulaciis bazaze meoreul (palatalur) artikulaci-

as; е da и-s silbo gadaedo maT.

qarTulSi palatalizdeba bagismieri, winaenismieri,

ukanaenismieri Tanxmovnebi. am SemTxvevaSi Tanxmovans emateba

Suaenis moqmedeba, rogorc meoreuli artikulacia _ ioti-

seburi artikulacia. xmovnebic palatalizdeba, amis nimuSia

germanuli umlauti Hand-Hände, a-s pirvelad artikulacias

miemata i-sebrivi artikulacia.

qarTulisgan gansxvavebiT, kolxurSi gvaqvs palataluri

r, l da J Tanxmovnebi. palatalizacia ise Zlieria kolxur-

Si, rom bgerebi sagrZnoblad icvlian elfers da Tvisobrivad

axal bgeraSi gadadian. r da l iZleva Á-s amave palataliza-

ciis safuZvelze. aTinurSi g q k (ukanaenismieri) xSulebi

enanunismier SiSina afrikatebad qceulan (j C W) _ ix. gv. 31.

safiqrebelia, kolxuris kilokavebSi u/i-s monacvleoba

(Wkudi/Wkidi) palatalizaciis safuZvelze iyos momxdari.

amas specialuri Seswavla sWirdeba.

r da l-s Áotizaciaze ix. gv. 55-57. `l~, megrulis msgavsad, WanurSic palataluria, Tu

mas gamoTqmaSi mosdevs Á: monWvaq klÁuxums `kruxi kruxu-nebs~, nalÁa `sasiminde~, dulÁa `saqme~, SilÁa `aTasi~...

60

winamavali Tanxmovnis iotizaciaze miuTiTebs Á magali-

TebSi: pÁati koCi `cudi kaci~, WÁurWa `WinWraqa~, dûqÁani (aq d da q-c palataluria), aseve: TûTûni `TuTuni~.

J rom palataluria, cxadia, radgan igi modis Á-sagan: Juri (<Áuri òri~, Sdr. svan. Áori). WanurSi n. marsa da s. JRents dadasturebuli aqvT Áur kapiki òri kapiki~. wana Áuri qododgiTu _ or wels darCa.

Jerine (<Áerine Turq. `nacvlad~): he biWi qodosqidu

noRamisaS Jerine ìs biWi darCa dedoflis nacvlad~. Ciqoba-

vas aqvs SeniSvna: meJomCu/meÁomCu `damwyevla~, aq Á>J. lobja (aTinuri) (<lobJa<lobÁa). Á>J-ze yuradReba gaamaxvila g. axvledianma: vJarebi

(<viarebi), Jare (<iare), Sdr. iakobiaÁakobiaJakobiaja-

kobia.

palatalizdeba g k q, sanam is afrikatad gadaiqceodes

(q W C). palatalizebulia: gÁ, kÁ, qÁ. gÁ: qogÁonjiru `Caawvina~, gÁowkedu `daxeda~, qogÁoW-

ku `daiwyo~, gÁari `saWmeli~, gÁustu `dausxltda~, gÁan-Txu `daeca~, gÁatkvacu `daeca~, gÁelini `rZali~.

qÁ: xezmeqÁai `msaxuri~, qÁori `brma~, qÁume `janjuxa~, qÁurqi `qurqi~, prasqÁa `prasa~, heqÁae `zRapari~, Suri

qÁemixTu-Áa `suli amomxdao~, duqÁani `duqani~, qÁoqi `fes-vi~.

kÁ: kÁeti `joxi~, kÁafu `tura~. iotizacia aTinurSi ise Zlieria, rom g k q axal bge-

ras iZleva (j W C). ix. gv. 31.

labio-velarizacia:

velaruloba niSnavs enis zurgis ukana nawilis moqme-

debas rbili sasis fardis mimarT. (laT. velum `farda~).

akustikurad velaruli bgerebi magaria, velaruli niSnavs

`rbilsasismiers~.

qarTulSi velarulia o da u da Tanxmovnebi: g k q R x.

aris velarizebuli bgerebi: bu, do, zurgi. aq b, d, z

velarizebulia imis gamo, rom TiToeulma maTganma koarti-

kulaciis safuZvelze SeiZina momdevno xmovnebis velarulo-

61

ba (ukana enis aweva rbili sasisaken), rogorc meoreuli ar-

tikulacia.

qarTvelur enebSi dResac aris labialuri kompleqsebi:

Tanxm. + v = Zvali, Tvali, tvini, ZarRvi.

iyo Tu ara istoriulad qarTvelur enebSi labialize-

buli kompleqsi? iuSmanovis azriT, qarTvelur enebSi isto-

riulad unda yofiliyo labializebuli bgerebi (go, qo, ko,

Zo...), aseTi bgerebi Semdeg daSlila or fonemad da am gziT

Camoyalibebula amJamad arsebuli kompleqsebi: Tanxm + v:

go>gv, co>cv... g. rogavas azriT: es ase araa, rac iqidan

Cans, rom a) labializebuli bgerebi axasiaTebs afxazur-adi-

Rur enebs, sadac SeimCneva labializebuli fonemis moSla

ori gziT: I. delabializacia, bagismieri elementis gauCina-

reba. II. labializebuli bgeris Serwyma erT bgerad. afxazu-

ri *co-ba > -ba `eqvsi~. labializebuli Tanxmovnebis or

Semadgenel fonemad daSla da orive elementis Semonaxvis

SemTxvevebi ar dasturdeba am enebSi.

b) dRevandel viTarebaSi qarTvelur enebSi yvela Tan-

xmovani SeiZleba Sediodes labialur kompleqsSi: dv, Tv,

tv, Zv, cv, wv, jv, Cv, Wv, xv... gamodis, rom unda gvqonoda

yvela xSulisa da spirantis saTanado labializebuli vari-

anti, rac araa sarwmuno.

s. JRentis azriT, qarTvelur enebs unda hqonodaT la-

bializebuli Tanxmovnebi: `Zvel qarTulSi umarcvlo î, roca igi spirantebTan da xSulebTan gvaqvs dadasturebuli, unda

miuTiTebdes winamavali Tanxmovnis labialobaze~ (ix. misi

`labializebul TanxmovanTa sakiTxisaTvis qarTvelur eneb-

Si~, enimkis moambe, X, 1941, gv. 185). magaliTad moyvanilia:

zakuva, kumeva, yuavili, gueli... magram î (umarcvlo) ar Se-

iZleba yofiliyo: 1) r, l, n-sTan: rvali, rva, bevri, survi-

li, swavla, sivltola, yinva, mZ¼nvare, vneba, 2) xmovnebs Soris: mkevali, tkivili, axovani, mravali, Tavi, yovli, 3)

Tavkidurad an prefiqsad: veli, vin, vWam, 4) masdaris sufiq-

si: kiTxva, zraxva, marxva, 5) nareduqcial fuZeSi: dev/idva,

Sev/Svili.

62

g. rogavas azriT, istoriulad ar gvqonia labialize-

buli Tanxmovnebi: Tanxm. + u. iyo ori bgerisgan Sedgenili

kompleqsi, rac bgerobriv ufro axlos idga labializebul

TanxmovnebTan, vinem Tanxm. + v.

Zvel qarTulSi rom î-s winamavali Tanxmovani ar SeiZ-

leba yofiliyo labializebuli, iqidan Cans, rom î-s win Se-iZleba yofiliyo yvela wina da ukanaenismieri xSuli da

spiranti: minduris, Tuali, mtueri, Zuali, cuari, wueli,

juari, Cuen, samSWuali, zuaraki, sueli, eJuani, Suenis, gua-

mi, quabi, kuali, Ruawli, xuavi, yuareba.

ismis kiTxva: Tanx. + î iyo Tu ara damoukidebeli bge-

ris kompleqsi, Tu aq erTi bgera gvaqvs, labializebuli fo-

nema, arsebiTad gansxvavebuli aralabializebulisgan? mag.

Zîali. Z damoukidebeli fonemaa: Zevs, Zovs. î-c damoukidebe-li bgeraa, rac sxva poziciaSi u asoTi aRiniSneboda: unda,

kudi, udabno.

î (wyvilbagismieri spiranti) unda gvqonoda damoukide-

bel fonemad Zvel qarTulSi.

Zvel saliteraturo qarTulSi v asoTi aRiniSneboda

ori fonema: 1) wyvilbagismieri v (=î) sityvebSi: val, ved,

Tav. aq v > î sxva poziciaSi: val, xual, warved, warxued.

vesavi//xuesavi (<vxuesavT), SexuabT (<SexvabT<SevxabT),

Tav-i/Tv-isi>T¼si (//Tîisi). 2) kbilbagismierobisken gadaxrili bgera v, romelic

Sedis zmnur sufiqsebSi: klavs, dauteva, saxelebSi: qva, saz-

Rvari, qarTveli, xvale, yveli, zraxva, risxva. aseve Zveli

qarTulis v meoreuli fonema unda yofiliyo da unda mom-

dinareobdes l-sonorisagan. garkveul poziciaSi Zvel qar-

TulSi l>v: t-ev (dauteva)<*t-el(n. mari), Wan.-megr. domi-

t-al, wy-ev (<wyel, Wan.-megr. Wyel). e.i. Zvel qarTulSi

ori labialuri kompleqsia: Tanxm.+î da Tanxm.+v. amaTgan I ufro Zvelia, II _ gviandeli.

kolxurSi labialuri kompleqsebi sustadaa warmodge-

nili, magram mainc aris:

63

jî: jîeSi `Zveli~, jîebe (sakuTari saxeli).

Wkî: Wkîeri `Wkviani~, Wîti/Wviti `daxuWva~, WîaTans `wveTavs~.

kî: skîami `lamazi~, akîani `akvani~. xî: xîai `xvavi~. gî: gîeri `gveli~.

labiovelarizaciiT j-s uCndeba g: j>jg: ujgu `jo-bia~, jgijgitia `jinWvela~.

C>Cq: Cqimi `Cemi~, CqiCqu `Cvili bavSvi~, uCqu `icis~.

W>Wk: Wkaduns `Wedavs~, Wkomuns `Wams~, Wkiruns

`Wris~.

asimilacia:

i. yifSiZem specialurad Seiswavla megrulSi asimila-

ciis wesi qarTulTan SepirispirebiT da werda: `Zvel qar-

TulSi, romelic mwerlobiTia da maSasadame, ramdenadme xe-

lovnuri enaa, moCans asimilatoruli tendenciebis winaaR-

mdegi midrekileba, rom daculi iqnas mwyobri da broliviT

wminda morfologiuri da etimologiuri struqtura enisa;

megrulSi ki, romelic saliteraturo ena ar aris, piriqiT,

upiratesoba eZleva fonetikur dasabams, romelic ar aris

SemozRuduli araviTari pirobiTi mwignobruli sagramatiko

kanoniT. magram Zvel qarTul enaSic (axal qarTulze rom

aRara vTqvaT ra) amoCqefs xolme aqa-iq es mZlavri asimila-

toruli nakaduli.~

asimilacia met-naklebad kolxuris yvela kilokavs axa-

siaTebs. saerTod fonetikuri procesebidan yvelaze Zlieria

asimilaciis procesebi da kerZod, preverbiseul xmovanTa

asimilacia xofurSi, SedarebiT sustia viwur-arqabulSi da

kidev ufro sustia aTinurSi. xofuris gagrZelebas am mxriv

megruli warmoadgens. aq preverbiseuli xmovani TiTqmis yo-

velTvis emsgavseba zmnis fuZiseul xmovans (gamonaklisia sa-

murzayanuli: vuwei `vuTxari~).

64

preverbiseuli xmovnis fuZiseulTan Sexvedrisas asimi-

lacia regresulia (rogorc qarTvelur enebSia es).

asimilacia srulicaa da nawilobrivic: pirvel Sem-

TxvevaSi ori xmovnidan erTi gvrCeba, mag. o+i > ii > i. es

i araa grZeli, amitom iqneb gvefiqra, rom erTi xmovani (o)

daikarga. magram es rom ase araa, iqidan Cans, rom gvaqvs na-

wilobrivi asimilacia, meorecaa da xmovnis dakargva WanurSi

momdevno xmovans axasiaTebs.

xmovanTa sruli asimilacia:

a+u>u: gowuRu (<gowauRu) `gamoarTva~, gamujoxu `ga-mouZaxa~, mendauRu `wauRo~, qogamuRu `gamouRo~.

a+o>o: mendoCqu (<mendaoCqu) `gaagzavna~, qomeSoxunee-nan (<qomeSaoxuneenan) `CausvamT~.

a+i>i: mendiRu (<mendaiRu) `waiRo~, qeSiona (<qeSaio-nu) àmoiyvana~, elikaTu (<elaikaTu `waiyolia~).

e+i>i: giqTu (<geiqTu) `waiqca~, qogidgu (<qogeidgu) `daidga~.

o+i>i: dinjiru (<doinjiru) `dawva~, diZicu `gaici-na~, qodiqCu (<qodoiqaCu) `daiWira xelSi~, diZRu `gaZRa~...

o+u>u: duwu (<douwu) ùTxra~, dojoxu `dauZaxa~,

mulun (<moulun) `modis~, quCqin (<qouCqin) ìcis~, oxuSqu àuSva~. megr. muCu (<mouCu) `momca~. samurzayanulSi uasimi-

lacio formebia: gamkoutaxi `moutexa~, mours `modis~, va-

doutebu àr dautovebia~, qousqudu xoji èba xari~ (m. ci-

kolia).

o+o>o: qododgini (<qodiodgini) `gaaCere~, qodoguru àswavla~, dolowkedu `Caxeda~ (<doloowkedu), gowovides

(<gowoovides) `Camovides~, doSleTinu ìxsna~, dolonWu

`CauSva, Cayo~...

o+e>e: qeiselu (<qoeiselu) àdga~, qeSaxTu (<qoeSax-Tu) àmovida~, qeSkieru àmoiRo~.

o+a>a: qamafTi (<qoamafTi) àmovedi~, va maRerdinu (va moaRerdinu) `ver momatyua~, qoganwku Toli àaxila Tvali~

(<qogoanwku). xmovanTa nawilobrivi asimilacia:

65

o+i>ui: guiqTu (<goiqTu) `dabrunda~, qamuiwku (<qo-moiwko) `gaixada~, muizdu `moswia~, guitu `dadioda~, muin-

Weren (<moinWeren) `moweula, momwifebula~.

a-s win preverbiseulma o-m SeiZleba asimilacia ganica-

dos da v-d iqces (g. axvledianiT, o→v substituciaa):

o+a>va: dvaWu (<doaWu) `daewva~, qodolvaqites (<qo-doloaqites) `gadaexvivnen~, okvakides (<okoakides) `waekid-nen, waiCxubnen~, dvaRodu (<doaRodu) `daemarTa~, dvafisu (<doafisu) `dasvara~...

e+o>Áo: qogÁoWkes (<qogeoWkes) `daiwyes~, gÁobun `ki-dia~, gÁolu `daaxta~, gÁajinu `daawva~, gÁoTun (<geoTun) àxuravs~, qogÁoxunu `dasva~...

e+u>Áu: qÁuxTu (<qoeuxTu) àmouvida~, Áulun (<eu-lun) àmodis~, qÁuWofu (<qoeuWofu) ùyida~, àuRo~.

e+a>Áa: qogÁaknu (<qogeaknu) `xelSi eca~, gÁaTxozu (<geaTxozu) `gaekida~, Áezdu (eezdu `zida~=swevs), qogÁage-retu `daCveoda~.

xmovanTa distanciuri asimilacia: wina marcvlis o

momdevno marcvlis u-s emsgavseba: qaguwuRu (<qogowuRu) `gamoarTva~, dulunqinu (<dolunqinu<dolounqinu) `tansac-

meli~, gululu (<golulu<golaulu) `gauara~.

wina marcvlis e momdevno marcvlis i-s imsgavsebs:

mindiRi (<mendiRi<mendaiRi) `waiRe~, mindiyones (<men-diyones<mendaiyones) `waiyvanes~, iwiwkedu (<ewiwkedu<ewaiw-kedu) àixeda~.

uasimilacioba:

1) iSviaTad WanurSi preverbiseuli xmovani ucvlela-

daa warmodgenili fuZiseuli xmovnis win: va(r) daijeru

àr daijera~, qogeiones `Camoiyvanes~, qudi qogeiTvu `qudi

daixura~, qeuWofi `gamoarTvi~, moikidu `moikida~, qomoiw-

kes `gaixades~.

2) xmovanTa Soris S1 v-s dakargvis Semdeg asimilacia

ar xdeba: gouluT (<govuluT) `davdivarT~, qeuWofi (<qe-vuWofi) `vuyide~, meoWkiri `davkali~, doloutkoCi `Cavug-

de~.

66

Ciqobava: `preverbiseul xmovanTa asimilacia imdenad

cvlis zmnis garegnobas, rom erTi SexedviT zmnis amocnoba

Wirs: qigegu (qogaigu) `Seegua~.

megrulSic aris xmovanTa asimilacia: ambá (ambee_am-

bei_ambai_ambavi). asea: naTesá `naTesavi~, safulá `saflavi~,

kará `karavi~. kiTxviTi nawilaki icvleba asimilaciiT. mo ore (<mu

ore) `ra aris~.

uaryofiTi nawilaki: ve gioxe, ve ngara (<va gioxe, va ingara) àr amCnevia/aCnia~, àr itiro~. veda (<va ida) àr waxvide~, mideeRi (<midaiRi) `waiRe~, geebxari (gaibxari)

`gavixare~.

megr. meesi (<meisi<maisi), seni (<seeni<seini<saini). TanxmovanTa asimilacia: sainteresoa is faqti, rom asi-

milacia megrul-WanurSi calke sityvebis sazRvrebs Soris

xdeba (I sityvis bolo da momdevnos dasawyisi). ori sityvis

Sesayarze asimilacia gansakuTrebiT axasiaTebs Wanurs, ker-

Zod, viwur-arqabulsa da aTinurs: ma vit koC dopilum `me

aT kacs movklav~ (t miviReT k-s gavleniT). `heg ren-i~? ìq

aris?~ (q>g) `babag do nanaq~ `mamam da dedam~, `neknaz gamax-Tez do~ `karSi gamovidnen~, `mod mebCi~ `ratom miveci~.

2) Á amJRerebs wina sityvis bolo yrufSvinviers: na

moxTez ÁeriSekele doqTes `rom movidnen, im adgilisaken

gaabrunes~, `Tiz ÁobRaman~ `Tavze Seayrian~. sxvaTa sityvis nawilakis (ìa~_`Áa~) Á amJRerebs wina-

Tanxmovans:

qomoxTaz-Áa `movideso~, uwvez-Áa ùTxreso~, qoZiraz-Áa `naxoso~, ar njaz-Áa èrT xeso~, hag-Áa àqo~, had-Áa (<haT-Áa).

3) piris niSnis an micemiTi brunvis -s mJRerdeba z-d,

Tu mas mosdevs `do~, `na~:

heSo vez do ìse gaakeTes~, sesi ognez do `xma gaigo-

nes~, jebiz na uRutes `jibeSi rom hqondaT~, Toliz na

`TvalSi rom~, ofutezna `sofels rom~.

67

TanxmovanTa regresuli asimilaciis nimuSs iZleva S1

niSani v/b:

v>b mJRer TanxmovanTa win asimilaciiT: bgoruf `ve-

Zeb~, ebzdif àviReb~, bzopon `vambob~, megr. debgviane `da-

vagviane~, dibgari `davitire~, ma bRoli `me vqeni~.

v>f yru fSvinvierTa win: mofTi `movedi~, fSvi `dav-

lie~, vTqvi `vTqvi~, fCumer `velodebi~, gefTa `Cavide~,

megr. fqimini `vqeni~, patii qofci `pativi veci~.

v>p mkveTrebis win: pWofi `daviWire~, ma pwili `me

vkrife~, doloptkoCi `Cavagde~, pkiTxi `vkiTxe~, òko ipi-

de~ megr. ùnda viyido~.

megrulSi 01 niSani m-c imave variantebs iZleva, ro-

gorc v (S1): bgaruns `mtiris~, blanZRuns `mlanZRavs~,

fTxoruns `masaflavebs~, fTxuens `mTxovs~, mopkiTxu `mom-

kiTxa~, mepkvaTu `momWra~, mopidu `momyida~...

xmovanTa asimilacia Zlieria gansakuTrebiT xofurSi.

kyoropti `gyvarobdi~, ekWofi `wagiyvan~, kyvilaminan

`mogklav~, qCumelan `gelodebian~, osTeraptu àTamaSebda~,

yoroptu `yvarobda~, iCaliSeptu `muSaobda~, karocxuptu

ìTvlida~, iqiptes àkeTebdnen~. aris aseTic: optomobili

àvtomobili~, piWkopa `pirCaRma wola~.

regresuli asimilacia xdeba moTx. brunvaSi: duT-q

(<dud-q) `Tavma~, xoC-q (xojq) `xarma~. asimilaciis safuZvelze n enacvleba r-s winaenismier

xSulTa win: `dRes~, vindRa (<viTdRa) àTi dRe~. n. mars aq n ganviTarebuli egona u/i xmovnebis Semdeg

d-s win, magram i. yifSiZem sworad axsna, rom n enacvleba r-

s, romelic gamowveulia d-s mier regresuli asimilaciis

ZaliTo.

distanciuri regresuli asimilacia: sapatoni `SabaTi~,

putuji (<butkuji) `futkari~, tekike (<dekike) `wuTi~,

uwiemenan (<uwumelan) èubnebian~.

megr. wawibeli (<sawebeli), xaceci (<xaTeci) `patarZa-li~, susTi (<susti).

68

progresuli asimilacia: JaSxa (<bJaS dRa) `kvira (mzis dRe)~, TuTaSxa òrSabaTi (mTvaris dRe)~, caSxa/ CaCxa

`xuTSabaTi (cis dRe)~.

bagismieri TanxmovanTa gavlena xmovnebze: bagismieri b,

m moqmedeben xmovnebze asimilaciis wesiT. megr.: Rumu, Sdr.

qarT.: Romi, Wan.: Rumi. momdevno m-s gavleniT o>u (daviw-

rovda).

Tuma (<Toma), asimilirebuli `Tuma~ (Tma) dasturdeba

zugdidur-samurzayanulSi.

senakuri: Txomu>Txumu `Txmela~ (zugd.-samurzay.), qo-

Tomi>qoTume (Wan.) `qaTami~.

xomafa>xumafa `xmoba~, bozomoTa>bozumoTa `SviliSvi-

li~, gomaCamu (<gamaCamu) `gayidva~, meZobar (<meZebari), mo-

kobiwki tueRi (<mokabiwki) `movixseni Tofi~, tubu (<to-bu) `Tbili~.

disimilacia:

kolxurSi disimilacia sakmaod gavrcelebuli proce-

sia. disimilacias gansakuTrebuli adgili aqvs megrulis

yvela kilokavSi da Wanuris mxolod xofur kilokavSi: vi-

wur-arqabulsa da aTinurSi sadaurobis aRmniSvneli sufiq-

sebi disimilacias ar ganicdian: orWari da arqaburi àrWe-

li da arqabeli~, Rureri `mkvdari~, morderi `mozrdili~,

dincxirari `sisxliani~, mcorari `gavcri~, oxrasure `mu-

li~.

i. yifSiZem daadgina, rom megrulSi sityvis fuZeSi

ori r ver Zlebs da progresuli disimilaciis safuZvelze

momdevno r iqceva l-d: irifeli (<iriferi) `yvelaferi~,

onjRore le (<onjRore re(n)) `sircxvili aris~, jgiri le

(Sdr. jgiri saqme re) `kargi saqme aris~, kvaTiri le `daW-

rilia~. aseve mosdis sadaurobis sufiqss: ur>ul (Tu fuZe-

Si r aris): xorguli (<xorguri `xorguli~), qorTuli

`qarTuli~, aWaruli àWaruli~... magram ori r-s disimila-

69

cias adgili ara aqvs, Tu maT Soris sonori l moeqca: mar-

tviluri, margaluri...

iSviaTadaa viwur-arqabulsa da aTinurSi disimilacia:

Rureli `mkvdari~, mgaineli `namtiralevi~, mondrikeli `mo-

Runuli~, oxrasule `muli~.

xofurSi ki iSviaTia udisimilacio formebi: Rureli

`mkvdari~, meRireli `miRirili~, mordeli `mozrdili~, Cxva-

reli `dacexvili~, meWkieli `moWrili~ (<meWkireli<meWki-reri). aqedan Cans, rom disimilacia win uswrebs r-s dakar-

gvas xmovnebs Soris, mis vokalizacias. aseTia: Squineli `Se-

Sinebuli~, ugÁaeli ùWmeli~, ufaeli ùfulo~, mgaineli

`namtiralevi~...

xofurSi sayuradReboa Semdegi: Tu fuZeSi r aris,

TurmeobiTi I-is mawarmoebel ere-s win mTeli marcvali -el

CaerTvis: qodinjireleren `dawolila~, qanoWkireleren `da-

uklavs~, imgareleren ùtiria~, injireleren ùZinia~, pWa-

relere `damiweria~. raa es -el? Ciqobava: -er mimReobis ma-

warmoebelia, magram raRaa -el? -er-is varianti? riT aixsne-

ba maTi erTad xmareba? kiTxva Riad rCeba, radgan faqtobri-

vi masala (teqstebi) jer amis saSualebas ar iZleva.

s. JRenti: -el ar iqneba -er-is varianti. ase rom iyos,

maSin -el unda gvqonoda iseT zmnebTanac, romelTac fuZeSi

r ara aqvT. magram es ase araa. Tu zmnas fuZeSi r ara aqvs,

es -el ar Cndeba: igzaleren `wasula~, qamaxTeren `Sesula~,

kiTxeen ùkiTxavs~, ideen `wasula~... irkveva, rom -el fone-

tikuri CanarTia. radgan xofurs axasiaTebs progresuli di-

similacia, amdenad -er sufiqsi unda qceuliyo el-ad: bWar-

el-e `damiweria~, bZir-el-e `daminaxavs~. magram xofurma

sxva gza airCia: morfologiuri elementiseuli r-s disimi-

lacia ar moaxdina, roca fuZeSic r hqonda da el marcvali

CaurTo, riTac fuZeSi ori r gaaneitrala da disimilaciac

aicdina (Sdr. qarTluri). xofurs am SemTxvevaSi ar SeeZlo

marto l CaerTo, radgan mas srulxmovnoba axasiaTebs da

marcvali iseTi xmovniT Cado, rogorc er sufiqsSia.

70

cxvirismier bgeraTa disimilacia: uRuran (<uRunan) `rom aqvT~, megr. onbale (<ombalo), anbe (<ambe) `ambavi~. aris sxva saxis disimilacia: nekla (<nekna), liSani (<niSa-ni), ekna (<nekna, aq disimilaciuri dakargvaa).

xSulTa kompleqsebis disimilaciis dros I xSuli reg-

resuli disimilaciiT iqceva spirantad (Sdr. хто<кто,

доктор>дохт(у)ор, трахтор.. _ es wesi kitermanma aRniSna ru-

sulSi). aseTi disimilacia axasiaTebs Wanurs, gansakuTrebiT

aTinurs:

qc>xc: qcaferi>//xcaferi `dampali~, cqumuturi//cxu-

muturi `zRmartli~.

qC>xC: qCe//xCe, xCe>Ce (disimilaciuri dakargva) `TeT-

ri~, qCini/xCini `moxuci qali~, vaxTi (<vaqTi<Turq. vakti)

`dro~.

Cq>Sq: nana Sqimi `deda Cemi~, Squni/Cquni `Cveni~, miSqu

`vici~, xaSquman `Tesen~.

Wk>Sk: oSkomale oSkomes `saWmeli Wames~, lemSkva

`nerwyvi~ (<lemWkva)//lemWva (am ukanasknelSi Wk>W, e.i. mox-

da disimilaciuri dakargva).

Cans, rom aTinuri or gzas mimarTavs, rom xSulTa kom-

pleqsis warmoTqma gaaadvilos: I. pirveli komponentis gaspi-

ranteba (Wk>Sk) an II. progresuli disimilaciuri dakargva

(Wk>W). amitomaa, rom gvaqvs:

Wk>W: Woni (<Wkoni) `muxa~, mWeSi (mWkeSi) `mwyemsi~, gomiWondu `damaviwyda~.

wk>w: wari `wyali~, mawindi `beWedi~, owedi `Sexede~,

gonwu `gaaRo~.

tk>t: tebi `tyavi~, otoCi `gadaagde~, mturi katu

`tyiuri kata~ (<mtkuri `tyiuri~). Wanurs axasiaTebs specifikuri fonetikuri movlena:

regresuli da progresuli disimilaciuri gamkveTreba anu

abruptivizacia:

1) regresuli disimilaciuri gamkveTreba: ikbali (<ig-bali arTaSenuli) `iRbali~, ikzalu `wavida~, pazariSa idu

`bazarSi wavida~ (Sdr. dabneva>dapneva), prinji (brinji),

71

sapri (moTmineba), kazeTa (gazeTi), kazÁaRi (<gazÁaR `nav-

Ti~), kalaSi (galaSi `Crd. qari~), kundi (gundi `ganavali~),

megr. turini (<durini), pilavi (<filavi `flavi~), mapuza-

li `boloqanqala~, pati (<biaT Turq. `cudi~), qowiru

(<qoZiru), wiqva (<Ziqva, Wan. `nifxavi~), toqseri (<doqseri, `guSinwin~), dokaCu (<doqaCu `daiWira~), Wergezi (<Cerqe-zi), Wuvali (<Cuvali `tomara~), WakuWi (<CaquCi), megr. Wi-Wilaki (<CiCilaki), karwimali (Wan.) < qarcimali `nisli~.

megr.: cqicqoni/wkiwkoni, gvigvili/kvikvili `xis xvixvili~,

dgurdgini/tkurtkini `bevris gafrena~, dgvardgvai/tkvar-

tkvari, Wan. papuwi (<fabuC Turq. qalis fexsacmeli), kukuma

(<gûRûm Turq. `sura~), papaxi (<fafaxi) `fafaxi, qudi~, ka-ta (<kaTTa `yoveli~ `kata ndRas~). viT-is (aTi) T mkveT-

rdeba 10-dan 20-mde nawarmoeb ricxviT saxelebSi: vitvar

`TerTmeti~, vitoJur `Tormeti~...

n. mariT, ricxviT saxelSi t (vitvar) miRebulia T+d

Serwymis gziT T+d>t.

viT-do-ar > vitvar. s. JRentiT ki: viT do ar > viT

To ar > vitTo ar > vitoar (e.i. jer asimilacia, Semdeg

disimilaciuri gamkveTreba).

2) progresuli disimilaciuri gamkveTreba:

sq>sk: skani `Seni~, skiri (<sqiri `Svili~), megr.

sqi//skiri (gabeskiria, papaskiri, wuleiskiri), Wan. mskibu

`wisqvili~.

Sq>Sk: Sqa/Ska (Wan.) `weli~, leSki/leSqi `bage~, aSku-

rinu (Wan.) `SeeSinda~, Sku<Cqu: Sku sum juma borTiTu `Cven sami Zma viyaviT~.

sT>st: vistoli `visrole~, vistertiT `vTamaSobdiT~,

nostonei `gemrieli~, koCisteri `kaciviT~.

xT>xt: qomoxtua `movida~, vaxtis `droze~.

sxva saxis, mag.: beqWi (<beqCi, Turq. `mcveli~), raboWi

(<рабочий), raboWi Cqimi `Cemi muSa~, mcika-mcika `cot-co-

ta~ (<mciqa), araranwi (<araranci<araranZi) (limonis ji-

Sia), oxorwa (<oxorZa, `qali diasaxlisi~), aTinurSia xowi

(<xorci), arapi//arabi, Sarapi/Sarabi `Rvino~, saaTi/saati,

72

raxaTi/raxati: raxat-raxati sqides `nel-nela cxovrobdnen~,

memedi/memeti, axmed/axmet, RaWo (<RaJo) (Citia, romliTac

miminos iWeren), zavoti (<zavodi) ~завод”, megr. RerReti

(<RerRedi `bati~), alerti (<alaverdi).

ra aris abruptivizaciis safuZveli? e. ziverss wignSi

`fonetikis safuZvlebi~ (`Grundzüge der Phonetik~) aseTi sa-

yuradRebo azri aqvs gamoTqmuli:

xSulTa kompleqsebSi (vTqvaT, qarT: sq>sk, Sq>Sk,

sT>st...) winamaval spirants sWirdeba haerisa da warmoTqmis

energiis imdenad didi raodenoba, rom momdevno xSuli mxo-

lod haeris naxevari raodenobiT da siZlieriT warmoiT-

qmis~. e.i. aTinursa da viwur-arqabulSi winamavali spirante-

bi arTmeven ra momdevno xSulebs haernakads didi raodeno-

biT, amitom es xSulebi (momdevno) usunTqvel anu mkveTr

bgerebad iqcevian.

aRsaniSnavia, rom aris spontanuri xasiaTis gamkveTre-

bis SemTxveva: uwyvetlis mawarmoebelia -t WanurSi, xolo

qarTulsa da megrulSi d (d>t). Warumtu `werda~, zumumtu

`zomavda~...

disimilaciuri dezafrikatizacia ix. dezafrikatizaci-

asTan.

afrikatizacia:

J>j: jur (aTin. òri~), jurneC òrmoci~, manjura

`meore~ (aTinurSia).

jin (<Jin) qorba on `zeviT mucelia~, m-joli `mJoli~

esec aTinurSia.

megr. jinosqua (<Jino squa) àznauri~, m-ja (<mJa/bJa) `rZe~ _ aTin.

mjora (<mJora) `mze~, mjvabu (<Jvabu) `gombeSo~, kiji-na doloqaCes `yiJina daayares~.

z>Z: Zabuni (<zabuni) àvadmyofi~, meg. Zaxali (<mzaxa-li), megr. veZiri (<veziri), megr. baZari (<bazari), megr.

(zenwari) > Zenwari, (mzoRa>) ZuRa (Wan.) `zRva~.

73

d>j: megrulis jvarul TqmaSi, cagarelis cnobiT,

dasturdeba: jo `da~ (kavSiri), juji `Tavi~, ragaji `lapa-

raki~, ubejuri ùbeduri~, nacvlad: do, dudi, ragadi, ube-

duri formebisa.

yifSiZis teqstebSi: ragajancs, ubejuri, ena va jeejer¸ jo ès ar daijera da~...

yifSiZes mohyavs: jujelia, jujelia! Cqim mamuli xar-

gelia, SxvaSi mamuli furcelia `...Cemi mamuli savsea (dat-

virTulia), sxvisi mamuli _ foToliviTaa~. `dudelia, du-

delia~ (TavTavi!)... yifSiZes aq j Tavdapirveli egona, magram

piriqiTaa: d>j. es rom asea, Cans:

megr. gudu>guju (Sdr. gudava), megr. daxe>jaxe, xinji

(<xidi), qarT. RerRedi, Wan. RorRoji, megr. RorRonji. al. cagareliT, ji (megruli mimReobis mawarmoebeli)

modis di-sgan (qebadi, qmnadi, dabadebadi), megr. narenji `nam-

yofi~, marenji `marebeli~, maxenji `qurdi~, lurenji `mZina-

re~.

S>C: Cxami (xof. `Sxami~), mCxu `msxvili~ (Sdr. Sxu

megr.), Cqva (<Sxva(m.) <sxva). Wan.: bJaCxa `mzis dRe, kvira~, jumaCxa òTxSabaTi~,

ikinaCxa `samSabaTi~, TuTaCxa `mTvaris dRe, orSabaTi~. meg-

rulSi S-s afrikatizacia ar xdeba: JaSxa, TuTaSxa...

Sk>Wk: uwu Wkule `rom uTxra imis Semdeg~ (<uwuSku-le), ar saatiWkule èrTi saaTis Semdeg~. asea es xofurSi!

iSviaTia viwur-arqabulSi. xofurSi iSviaTad aris: saaTiSku-

le `saaTis Semdeg~.

v. Tofuriam gaarkvia, rom megr. wkala / wkela / wkuma-

s w da Wanuri Wkule-s (`Semdeg~) W miiReboda naT. brunvis

S-sagan momdevno mkveTr k-sTan Sexvedris gamo. msgavsia qve-

moimerulSi. tyiwyen (<tyisken), ameiyvanowyen (<ameiyvanoske). sainteresoa am mxriv aTinuri oxoriWkÁura `qali~,

romelic miRebulia: oxoriSkÁura-sgan (òxori~+kÁura berZn. `saxlis qalbatoni~), sarfulSi s. JRenti adastu-

rebs: diWkafi (<diSkai, Turq. `WiSkari~).

74

s>c: arqabulSia: cqani `Seni~, cqande (<sqande `Sen-

gan~), cxuli (m-sxali), ocxoni (sxveni), di-cx-iri (si-sx-

li), TerciSe (TersiSe Turq. ters `marcxena~).

zugdidur-samurzayanulSi mic. br. _ s da S3 s > c:

koc `kacs~, mindorc `mindors~, qorwancia `Tu gwam-

so~, ragadanc `laparakobs~...

megr. ankeci `ankesi~, sakveci `sakvesi~, curu `suro~.

aTinurs axasiaTebs ukanaenismierTa afrikatizacia:

g-k-q j-W-C. ix. gv. 31.

dezafrikatizacia:

g. rogavam specialurad Seiswavla es sakiTxi (`disimi-

laciuri dezafrikatizaciis erTi saxeoba zanurSi~, Tsu

Sr., XXXB-XXXIB, 1947). aRniSnaven, rom rig SemTxvevaSi

qarT. r-s Seesatyviseba megr. j: piri/piji, mxari/xuji, xa-

ri/xoji, yuri/¹uji, furi/fuji, qmari/qomoji... (a. cagare-

li).

aseTi Sesatyvisoba dasturdeba mxolod afiqsebSi:

x-ar/x-an (xnavs). x-oj/x-on: aseT SemTxvevaSi ivaraudeba er-

Ti da imave masalis fonetikuri variantebi. magram aris Sem-

Txveva, roca qarT. r-s Sesatyvisad megrulSi j-s parale-

lurad d-caa: cxviri=Cxvindi/Cxvinji, mweri=Wandi/Wanji.

aseT SemTxvevaSi j>d miRebulia disimilaciuri dezafrika-

tizaciiT (i. yifSiZe).

zanurSi piruku procesicaa d>j (e.i. d-s afrikatiza-

cia: xinji<xidi, RorRoji<RorRodi). afrikatizacia saerTo

movlenaa kolxursa da sxva enebSi, magram j-s dezafrikati-

zaciaa mxolod kolxurSi, gansakuTrebiT megrulSi. j-s de-

zafrikatizacia, g. rogavas dakvirvebiT, spontanuri xasiaTis

ar unda iyos, igi disimilaciis erTi saxe ariso. `irkveva,

rom megrulSi j mJReri SiSina afrikati gadadis d bgeraSi

mxolod iseT SemTxvevebSi, roca sityvis Ziri Seicavs ro-

melsame yru afrikats C, W, c, w-s anda yru winaenismier

spirants s, S-s~.

75

megr. Cxvindi/Cxindi (<Cxv-inj-i Sdr. cxv-iri). megr. Wandi (<Wanji `mweri~. megr. Wanji/Wandi, WanurSi

ki erTi saxea `Waji~.

megr. Wkudi (<Wkuji = qarT. Wur, v. Tofuria). es movlena dasturdeba naTlad mimReobebSi.

megr. maCaminda (<maCaminja `mkbenara~). urCq-endi (<urCqenji ùcodinari~). Wyor-ind-a (<Wyor-inj-a `mwyrali~).

c-und-i (<c-unj-i `cvari~) ixmareba: sundi/sunji. wv-and-i (<wv-anj-i `wveri~). orcxon-d-i (<orcxon-ji `savarcxeli~).

cxen-end-i (<cxen-enj-i `cxenosani~). moSv-anda (<mo-Sv-aja `mosveneba~. megrulSi aris ag-

reTve: mosvanja).

isindi (<is-inj-i ìs-ar-i~. amosavali zanurisa: *iso-

ji ìsari~.

sinda/sinja `siZe~.

waqvindi/waqvinji (sofelia zugdidis raionSi).

wendixa/wenjixa (<walenjixa. yifSiZiT: walenjixa<Wa-lenjixa `Wanis cixe~, CiqobavaTi: `walen~ qvemo, e.i. `qvemo

cixe~).

Tu winamavali afrikati an spiranti mJReria, dezafri-

katizacia ar gveqneba: jinji `Ziri~. qarTuli `Zeras~ megru-

li Sesatyvisi unda iyos Semonaxuli gurulSi: jaja `Zera~

(gvari: jajaniZe...). megr. jgunjgi `sari~, megr. zojua `brZa-

neba~, `jaWvi~ da ara *daWvi1, jarwufa `mwife~, jaSqvindu

`maxrCobela xe~, jiSTi `Zveli Tovli mTaSi~.

es procesi Taviseburi Cans: 1) disimilaciur dezafri-

katizacias adgili aqvs mxolod maSin, roca disimilatori

yru bgeraa, disimilirebuli ki mJReria. Cveulebriv ki disi-

milacia xdeba, roca sityvaSi ori erTnairi bgera gvaqvs.

2) arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs adgils: disimilatori winama-

1 `daWvi~ dasturdeba samurzayanulSi _ SeniSvna r. abaSiasi.

76

vali bgeraa, disimilirebuli _ momdevno. disimilirdeba

marto j da amave rigis C, W bgerebi _ ara!

am wesiT zogjer uZvelesi fuZis aRdgena SeiZleba za-

nurSi: megr. winda `WuWyi~ Sesatyvisia qarT. wvire-si. amde-

nad, pirveli saxe megrulSi unda iyos wvi(n)ja (wv-inj-a

//qarT. wv-ir-e, sadac ir/ij afiqsebia).

dezafrikatizaciis sxva magaliTebi:

Z>z: qovziri `vnaxe~, qoziru ìpova~, oxorza/oxorZa

`qali~, buzi/buZi `ZuZu~, orzo/orZo `skami~, ¹urzeni/yurZe-ni.

megr. nuzu/nuZu `naZvi~, neZi/nezi `nigozi~ (aTin.), bor-

zali (<boZali ìsari~), miarzu (SeaZlia), Rvezili/Rvezeli

(<RveZeli), RerZi/Rerzi `RerZi~.

aTinurSic Cq, Wk kompleqsebi disimilaciiT dezafrika-

tizacias ganicdian.

Cq>Sq: Sqimi `Cemi~, miSqu `vici~, xaSquman `Tesaven~...

Wk>Sk: oSkomale `saWmeli~, lemSkva `nerwyvi~. ix. gv.70.

substitucia:

anu bgeraTCanacvleba araa kanonzomieri fonetikuri

ganviTarebis Sedegi, igia bgeris erTbaSi, `SemTxveviTi~, spo-

raduli cvlileba enaSi. erTgvari kanonzomiereba, romelsac

adgili aqvs aseT bgeraTSecvlaSi, isaa, rom erTmaneTis Sec-

vla SeuZliaT mxolod iseT bgerebs, romlebic waagvanan er-

TmaneTs umTavresad akustikurad. amdenad, es movlena umTav-

resad akustikuria (g. axvlediani).

substituciis mraval magaliTs iZleva kolxuri. mas

adgili aqvs rogorc artikulaciurad monaTesave sityvebSi,

ise artikulaciurad gansxvavebul bgerebSi.

a) artikulaciurad monaTesave bgeraTa substitucia:

m/n: nana niSis uwves, aTin. `dedamiss uTxres~, oxoefe

niSiSe igzales `wavidnen TavianT saxlebSi~, ankaTa (<amkaTa, àseTi~), anbe àmbavi~, megrulSi n-s Caenacvleba -m: TuTumi

(<TuTuni).

77

m/b: mJa>bJa `rZe~, omgarinu>obgarinu `tirili~, jamaya-

yi `xis bayayi~.

megr.: nabetani (<nametani), bziTi (<mziTvi).

m/v: uqvi dRa (<uqme), `uqme dRe~, megr. Rlami (<Rla-

vi), naRmeli (<naRveli).

b/v: jabri (<javri), megr. keleberi (<kelaveri `Zroxis

beWisqveSa samwvade xorci~) megr. tkvili (<tkbili).

s/S: Sqaseri/sqaseri `SuaRame~.

b) artikulaciurad gansxvavebul bgeraTa substitucia:

t/k: `neknas notanku~ (<nokanku `daukakuna~), megr.

Rvintafi/Rvinkafi `Wyvirili~, Wan. betmezi/bekmezi `tkbili

Rvino~, Wan. otpusti `Svebuleba~.

n/b: megr. anjari (<abjari).

W/R: megr. WurWuli//RurWuli `WikWiki~.

R/y: yua/Rua (aTin.), kua (viwur-arqab.) `Subli~, nisa-

Ra/nisaya `Zmis colebi erTmaneTis mimarT~.

R/k: ÁaSiRi (ящик), tapiRi (<tabiki), kapiRi `kapiki~, eSeRi (Turq. esek Sdr. rus. ешак), fambuRi (<fambuk `bam-ba~).

r/g: megr. dorzama/Wan. ogzafu; megr. ardeba (<agdeba), orzoli `sagzali~, agreTve O2 niSani g>r: rxantuns, rkiT-

xu...

n/r: ginZe/girZe.

metaTezisi:

metaTezisi gansakuTrebiT axasiaTebs megruls: obri

(<orbi), orqo (<oqro), firqi (<fiqri), marTaxi (<maTraxi), priveli (<pirveli), rJiali, rSiali (<Jriali, Sriali),

rWeli (<Wreli), ebro (<erbo), rgili/rgii (<grili), mar-

doba (<madloba), arzi (<azri), varWua (<vaWrua), rxiali

(<xriali).

Cans, gadasma ZiriTadad r bgeras mosdis, rogorc narna-

ras. gadasma xdeba sxva bgerisac:

l: bolqomi (<boqlomi).

78

n: wingi (<wigni). v (S1 niSani): ibde oko (<vide oko) `wavide unda~, if-

CxubaT (<viCxuboT), ibZicanq (<viZicanq) `vicini~. aqedan cxadia, rom metaTezisi mosdis narnara bgerebs.

WanurSi ufro iSviaTia metaTezisi:

kirbi (<kibiri) `rbili~, qursi (<qusli), lauzti `si-

mindi~ (<lazuti), WiqSari `WiSkari~ (<WiSkari), qra (<rqa), surfa (<sufra), Cxviki (<Cxikvi), furqi `yvavili~ (<fuqi-ri).

megruli xSirad srulxmovnobis dasacavad adgils ga-

daunacvlebs xmovansa da Tanxmovans erTad.

qirsiani (<qristiani), bedineri (<bednieri), berwuli

`broweuli~ (<brewouli).

reduqcia:

reduqcia kolxurs nakleb axasiaTebs. igi Tavidanve

susti unda yofiliyo kolxurSi, risi Sedegicaa srulxmov-

noba. srulxmovnoba, romelic fuZis ukumSvelobas gamoxa-

tavs, Zveli viTarebis maCvenebelia, vidre qarTulis Sekum-

Suli fuZeebi.

Sdr. qarT. Zma (jima), Tafli (Tofuri), (Se)kreba (ko-

robua) da sxva.

reduqcia sustia dasavlur kiloebSi (qarTulisa),

vidre aRmosavlurSi (a. SaniZe). am SemTxvevaSi kolxuris

gavlenas ar gamoricxaven. miuxedavad amisa, reduqcia mainc

gvaqvs kolxurSi.

megrulSi, roca rTul zmniswins win daerTvis

qo/>qi//q¸ dadasturebiTi nawilaki, maSin zmniswinis xmovnis

amoReba xdeba rTul zmniswinebTan: miTa, miTi, miTo, mila,

mile, gina, gima, mimo, mina, migo, mika, gile, gino. am zmnis-

winTa i xmovani reduqciiT gadadis ¸-Si, an Ø-Si (e.i. ikarge-

ba) yvela seriaSi. qi-mTanTxorans (<qi-miTanTxorans `SeT-

xris~), qigletu (<qigiletu) `miatova~, qimaSqu (<qimiaSqu)

79

`gamoatara~, qimkixoru (<qimikixoru) `(gverdiT) dasax-

lda~...

samurzayanulSi es procesi ufro Zlieria. samurzayane-

li megreli ambobs: Txorna `Txrian~, Warna `weren~, xonna

`xnaven~ (m. cikolia), reduqciis mizezia momdevno a (<an)

sufiqsi. samurzayanulSi reducirdeba: Wubra (<Wubura `wab-

la saqonels eZaxian~), oxakle (<oxarkale `sanayi qva~), uk-

laSi (<ukulaSi), oWmare (<oWumare) `dila~, ukaxle (<uka-

xale) ùkan~, woxle (<woxole) `win~, xumla (<xomula)

`xmeli~, masma (<masuma) `mesame~, maJra `meore~...

samurzayanulSi qarTulidan nasesxebi sityvebic redu-

cirdeba: Tavisfali/Tavisufali, xenw/cfe (xelmwife), Sob-

leba (Svebuleba), kardla (kardala), amblatoria (ambula-

toria), wiwla (wiwila), saapracio `saoperacio~. asea saku-

Tar saxelebSi: gerasme, izdore (<isidore), kirle, spirdo-

ni.

WanurSi reduqcia ufro xSiria, vidre megrulSi.

Tx<Tux: Wan. doTxu (<meg. doTuxu) `daarTo~, aTinurSia

Wubri (<Wuburi) `wabli~, wifri (<wifuri) `wifeli~, Wib-

ri/kibri `kbili~, luqna (<luquna, xof. `Taflis sanTeli~),

oxrasule (<oxorasule) `colis da~.

WanurSi Cveulebriv `Tofuri~-a `Tafli~, magram gvaqvs

`Tofri~-c: heSo ìse~, loca/loya `tkbili~, ne ÁaRi tu àrc erbo iyo~, ne Tofri àrc Tafli~ (Ciq. II, 86,8).

a. Ciqobavas SedarebiT leqsikonSi dasaxelebuli maga-

liTebi:

qarT. rec.: kolx. rC: recva/sareceli, Sdr. rC-afa.

rC<raC. qarT. recx-va: megr. rCx-uala: rCxuns(m.), Cxifs(W.).

rCx<raCx `recxavs~.

qarT. ciqv/mociq-uli: kolx. Cqv / midaCqu.

qarT. a-zid-a: megr.-Wan. e-zd-u (Sdr. megr. e-zind-u).

Cans, WanurSi ufro xSiria reduqcia, vidre megrulSi.

bgeraTa dakargva:

80

r da l-s dakargvaze ix. gv. 55-58.

kolxurSi, qarTulis msgavsad, ikargeba v bgera: megr.

saCiari (saCivari), megr. girgini (<gvirgvini), Wan. ragi

(<ragvi) `xafangi, kakanaTi~, Wan. Cxindi (<Cxvindi) `cxviri~, Wan. laki (<lakvi) `lekvi~, Wan. munCqi/munCxi/munWyi (<mun-Cqvi) `maCvi~.

Wan. m-Wima, megr. Wvima (qarT. wvima).

Wan. aSi/anSi èqvsi~, Sdr. megr. amSvi. megr. tanja

(<tanjva). megr. ianari (<ianvari), megr. coda (<codva), jari

(<javri), Wan. teteli (<titveli).

s bgeris darTva xdeba mic. brunvaSi da fuZis bolo

Tanxmovani (t, d, T, j, nj, C) ikargeba. es aRniSnuli aqvs i.

yifSiZes:

dus (<duds) `Tavs~, Wkis (<Wkids) `mWads~, Rorons

(<RoronTs) `RmerTs~, xos (<xojs) `xars~, qomons (<qo-

monjs) `qmars~, kos (<koCs) `kacs~, mes (<mets), zoTons

(<zoTonjs) `zamTars~, Res (<Rejs) `Rors~, torons

`mtreds~. s ikargeba (S3 da mic. br.) arTaSenulSi: koCi wari

SuÁ `kaci wyali svams~ (=waris Sums), mWiÁ `wvims~, ja

(=jas) favri qonCaÁ `xes foToli asxia~. g ikargvis WanurSi: izalu (<igzalu) `wavida~, doi-

tenq (<dogitenq) `dagitoveb~.

R ikargvis: nosi (<Rnosi) `Wkua~, unose ùWkuo~, oman

(<Roman) `guSin~.

b ikargvis: saralo (<sabralo), zakali (<bzakali),

JaSxa (<bJaSxa) `kvira~.

ikargvis d, m, T: iax (<diax), dia (<dida) `deda~, mua

(<muma) `mama~, m: rgvali, Tavroba, xiaruli, Tavari, tyuani,

didari;

Tina>ina ìs~, ar dRas (arT dRas) èrT dRes~;

st>s: sumari (<stumari), dasuro (<dasturo), suden-

ti;

St>S: Seri (<Steri);

x: TeiSa (<TeiSax) `manamde, iqamde~;

81

sw>w: wori (<swori).

marcvalic ki ikargeba: sinTe (<sinaTle), Wa xans (<Wi-

Wexans) `cota xans~, We molarTi (<WiWe molarTi) `cota

wamodi~.

bgeris dakargva sityvis absolutur boloSi. es pir-

vel rigSi exeba n-s: re, xe, (ren, xen àris, zis~), rena

(<renan) àrian~, xena (<xenan) `sxedan~, magram, Tu n-s xmo-

vani daerTo, igi ar daikargeba: reno? àris?~, renano? àri-

an?~, xeno? `zis?~...

megrul warmoTqmaSi n ekargeba sakuTar saxelebs: dar-

ja (<darejan), iulo (<iulon), leva (<levan), anto (<an-

ton), samso (<samson).

gvarebis ia daboloeba miRebulia n-s dakargviT

(ian>ia): dadia (<dadiani), lipartia (<lipartiani), ratia

(<ratiani). aseve va<van: faRava, galdava (<faRavan...) (s. ja-

naSia).

Wanurs naklebad axasiaTebs n-s dakargva, magram mainc

xdeba. xofurSi n naklebad ikargeba, xolo viw.-arqabulSi

da aTinurSi metad.


man ma ma `me~

sin si si `Sen~

Cqin Cqun//Cqu Squ `Cven~

Tqvan Tqvan//Tqva Tqva `Tqven~

aseve, xofurSi daSorebiTi brunvis daboloeba ar kar-

gavs n-s (-Sen), arc moqm. br. _ Ten: fenjereSen `fanjridan~,

xinjiSen `xididan~, bajaSen `buxridan~. bigaTen dozapes

`joxiT scemes~. magram viwur-arqabulSi n ikveceba (xofur-

Sic: noRaSe `noRidan~, odaSe òTaxidan~, daCxuiTe `cec-

xliT~, CxomiTe `TevziT~).

asea naaoristal TurmeobiTTan viwur-arqabulSi: tes-

dore (tesdoren `yofilan~), Tqudoren ùTqvamT~, igzalu-

doren `wasulan~, dujoxudore `dauZaxia~.

82

megrulSi ki n sxvagan ikargeba: pirobiTi I, II-is mawar-

moebeli -kon-is n (>ko): vordiko `vyofiliyavi~, Jin (>Ji)

`zeviT~.

l-s dakargva sityvis absolutur bolos xSiria meg-

rul-WanurSi, magram sakmarisia daerTos axali xmovniT daw-

yebuli marcvali, rom l aRdges: ja/jalef-i/e `xe/xeebi~,

da/dal-ef-i/e `da/debi~, Txa / Txalefe/i `Txa/Txebi~.

aseTia sityvebi: jima `Zma~, qra/qa `rqa~, sija/sinja

`siZe~, Sqa `Sua~, tya `tye~, dida `deda~, muma `mama~, Rva

`loya~, squa `Svili~, Zga `Zgide~, Tu `goWi~, Cxou `Zroxa~,

¹a `yeli/rto~.

bgeraTa ganviTareba:

Wanurisgan gansxvavebiT, megruls midrekileba aqvs

sityvis absolutur boloSi daurTos e.w. `parazituli~

xmovani: i, ¸ an o/u. ùwu qomonç Cilq¸~ (uTxra qmars

colma), `dovRupes diode Cxuruqu do ukuli sinCxeqi~

(dagvRupa jer sicivem da mere sicxem), `gaakeTes¸~ (gaake-Tes), `mTel sofelsi noCqve~ (mTel sofels scodnia).

o/u `parazituli~ aTinurs axasiaTebs: moiseleso àd-

gnen~, mendaxTesu `wavidnen~, mu gaRodesu `ra dagemarTaT~,

uRuno àqvs~.

gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia, rom kolxurSi qarTulTan

saerTo ZiriTadi leqsikuri fondis sityvebi, romlebSic j,

C, W, S(s), (Z) ucvleladaa warmodgenili, am bgerebTan ivi-

Tareben ukanaenismier xSulebs: g, q, k-s.

S>Sq: SqviTi (<Svidi), Sqa `Sua~, di-Sqa (Se-Sa<se-Sa),

uSquri `vaSli~, Sqirens `Sia~, aSqurinu `SeeSinda~, qanaSqu

`Cauwva~.

C>Cq: Cqin/Cqi, Cqun/Cqu `Cven~, CqiCqu (<*CiCîl<CC¼l),

u-Cq-u (ù-Cans~: misTvis Cans, Sesacnobia), munCqvi `maCvi~.

j>jg: (r)-jg-ina `j-ob-na~. jgi-jgitia (ji-n-Wv-el-a).

83

W>Wk: Wkidi, mWkudi/mWkidi (Wan.) `mWadi~, Wkomua `Wa-

ma~, Wkirua/doWkiru (`daWra~), Wkadua, `Wedva~, WkiWkitia,

dimWku (Wan.) `jin-Wv-el-a~.

g q k-s ganviTarebas imiT xsnian, rom j, C, W, S bgere-

bi kolxurSi velarizebuli unda yofiliyo. am TanxmovanTa

velaruli warmoeba safuZveli gaxda imis, rom maT Semdeg

ganviTarebuliyo ukanaenismieri xSulebi (g, q, k). erT nases-

xeb sityvaSicaa aseTi SemTxveva: koloSqi/ka»oSki `kaloSi~.

s>sq: sq-ir-i, sq-ua (Sdr. Sv-il-i), m-ze-sq-u (W.), ze-

sq-v-i `Sa-S-v-i~ sqan-i `Sen-i~, m-sqv-er-i/sqveri `Sv-el-i~.

qosqu (Sdr. `Sva~), omsqu `Svenis~.

Z>Zg: gomorZgua `gamarjoba~, marZgvani `marjvena~...

roca qarT. S, j-s Sesatyvisad kolxurSi sq, Zg-s xe-

daven, es miaCniaT meoreul movlenad (a. Ciqobava, s. JRen-

ti...), iseve, rogorc meoreulia `Sen~ nacvalsaxeli qar-

TulSio.

magram T. gamyreliZem monografiaSi `sibilantTa Sesat-

yvisobani da qarTvelur enaTa struqturis zogi sakiTxi~

(1959) gaarkvia, rom kolxuri Sq da sq, erTi mxriv, jg da

Zg (meore mxriv) kompleqsebi ivaraudeba erTi da imave fone-

mis (qarT. S da j) refleqsebad, sxvaoba maT Soris meoreu-

lia da fonetikuri garemocviTaa Sepirobebuli.

a) qarT. S, j: kolx. Sq, jg; kolxuri Sq, jg kompleq-

sTa Camoyalibeba Tavdapirvelad S, j-sagan spontanuri bune-

bisaa da araa gamowveuli kombinatoruli fonetikuri mize-

zebiT.

b) qarT. S, j: kolx. sq, Zg: sq, Zg kompleqsi kolxur-

Si Seefardeba qarTulis iseT SiSina spirantsa da xSuls (S

_ j-s), romelTac bagismieri v an î fonema mosdevs. aseT SemTxvevaSi qarTuli S, j-s Sesatyvisi kolxuri Sq, jg mom-

devno v(î) gavleniT sisina variantSi unda gadasuliyo (gada-

vida kidec), e.i. sq, Zg-Si.

kolxurSi dasturdeba bgeraTa ganviTareba:

n (m) bgeris ganviTarebas kolxurSi specialuri weri-

li uZRvna s. JRentma. `n(//m) bgeraTa ganviTarebis safuZveli

84

megrul-WanurSi xSulmskdomTa win~ (saq. mecn. akad. moambe,

t.X, #7, 1949).

a) sityvis TavSi: lakacia àkacia~, njari `jari~, nte-

ri/teri `mteri~, bruo `rva~, ndemi `devi~, nCurua `curva~,

rzeni (<zeni) `vake~.

b) sityvis SuaSi: cxorcxali `cocxali~, vazga/vaza

ùrmis rkinis rgoli~, minwa (<miwa) `nakeli~, dimdari `mdi-

dari~, ombolo òmbalo~, maanTxa `meoTxe~, mangari `magari~,

muramba `muraba~, yambari `yavari~, xvarxvi `xaxvi~, SxaSxi

`SaSxi~, kunTxe `kuTxe~, stamfilo `stafilo~...

i Cndeba nasesxeb sityvaSi: sifiSqa (спичка), kiniazi,

nangere `wina wlis naTesis fesvidan amosuli bostneuli,

romelic ar iWmeva~, Sdr. saba: nagerali `dauTeslad mosu-

li~.

g) boloSi sityvisa viTardeba u>r: osurqr `colma~...

x viTardeba: xwori `swori~, saxwori `saswori~.

f viTardeba: fsxivi `sxivi~, fSxiri `xSiri~.

gairkva, rom n bgera viTardeba xSulebTan: b, p, f; d,

t, T; Z, w, c; j, W, C; g, k, q-sTan, sadac ganviTarebuli n

asimilaciiT m-Si gadadis.

mb(<nb): tambaCa `dambaCa~, omboli òboli~, tomba

`Rrma~, limbori ànwli~, fimfili/finbili `wveri~, ombRo-

rinu `bRavili~, kombo `kvaxi~ (Wan.), Sdr. qarT. cimbiri, ka-

xambali.

mp(<np): kumpuli ìsari~//kopuli. ampouri (qarT. apeu-

ri), umpa (qarT. upe, `Wipi~). kampari/kapri `jinjeli~, Rum-

pua/Rupua. Sdr. dialeqtebSi: sampyroble, Caylampa.

mf(<nf): ofamfe òfofi~, famfai/famfari `mamlis bo-

lo~// fanfai. fumfuli/fufuli `muwuki~, Sdr. dialeqtebSi

umfrosi, ramferi.

sxva SemTxvevaSi n aris ganviTarebuli xSulTa win:

nd: cinda `cida~, ndixa/dixa `miwa~, ndRa `dRe~ (Sdr.

ondRe `SuadRe~), imendi ìmedi~, mindali `medali~, ezindu

àiRo~, dindari `mdidari~, Sdr. qarT. wminda, xmiandi (kaxu-

ri), Wandari.

85

nT/mT: anTasi àTasi~, TanTari (megr. `TaTari~), kunTxu

`kuTxe~, unTo ùTo~, yvinTeli `yviTeli~, CinTi `CiTi~,

nTxorua `Txra~, nTxiri `Txili~, nTxa/mTxa `Txa~, mTvi-

ri/Tiri `Tovli~.

nt/mt: ontka àrayi~, dontira `dateva~, kenti `ke-

ti/joxi~, xantua `xatva~, Wan. antama àtami~, kinti-

ri/k¸nt¸ri `kitri~, Wan. mti (m-tii) `tili~, mtkuri `tyiu-

ri~, Sdr. tredi>mtredi.

nZ/mZ: nenZi/neZi, megr. mancxvari `macxovari~, Wan. dan-

Zi/daZi èkali~, bonZori `bewvi cxovelis~. Sdr. nZreva, gur.

gameRvinZa, qarT. mZviri, kax. mcali.

nc/mc: Wan. ncxeni `cxeni~, ncomi `comi~, ocnxoji `sa-

varcxeli~, oncxane/acxani `sxveni, Weri~, ncila, milincia

(Wan.), muruncxi `varskvlavi~ (Wan.), dincxiri `sisxli~,

nwaÁ/wari `Zua~, Wan. nwaneri, megr. nwola `Wvartli~, nwkva-

rami, menwyeri, mwkufi `wyvdiadi~, Sdr. mwvaleba (gur.), sim-

wynare (imer.).

nj/mj: njuma `Zma~ (Wan.), qvinje `qveda, fskeri~, njumu

`marili~ (Wan.), gonjama, lanji/Áanji `kopiti~, toronji

`mtredi~, sinja `siZe~, oxvenji `dasajdomi~, mjveSi `Zve-

li~.

nC: sinCxe `sicxe~, danCxiri/daCxiri `cecxli~, nCurum

`vcurav~, kalanCxi `kalaTa~, Wan. nCxomi `Tevzi~, nCxvari

(megr. Cxveri) `Romis mcenare~.

nW/mW: yanWi `yiWi~, WanWyua `WeWyva~, monWva `kruxi~,

Wan. mWima `wvima~, mWiTa `wiTeli~, mWife `wvrili~.

ng: mangari `magari~, mangiori `magieri~, angura àguri~,

iangee (zugdidur-samurz. _ ìgavi~). megr. dongi `mdogvi~,

Sdr. angre, moangrove (qarT.).

nq: Sanqari (megr.), nqalua/qelua `qelva~, gienqiu `xe-

tialobs~.

nk: kankvi `kakvi~, nkila `klite~ (Wan.), nunku/nuku `ni-

kapi~.

ratom viTardeba n(m) xSulTa win mxolod? ratom vi-

Tardeba n da ara sxva Tanxmovani? es TviT xSulTa bunebi-

86

Taa gamowveuli `xSul TanxmovanTa warmoTqmisas xSvis gada-

laxvis gasaadvileblad haeris nawili cxviris RruSi igzav-

neba, ris gamoc xSulTa win n(m) viTardeba~ (bogorodecki,

pankoCeli-kalcia, s. JRenti).

n(m) gaCena kolxurSi xSulTa win mSvenieri ilustra-

ciaa gardamavali bgeris mdgrad bgerad gardaqcevisa: xSul-

mskdom bgerebs imploziis momentSi (ganxSva) cxvirismieri

elferi erTvis, raTa eqsploziis (xSvis) gadalaxva gaadvil-

des. magram Semdeg cxvirismieri elferi damoukidebel dam-

dgar bgerad gvevlineba (s. JRenti).

`joRor~ tipis srulxmovani formebi megrul-WanurSi

momdinareobs orcnebiani struqturis Z,aRl0 _ tipis saer-

To qarTveluri formisagan. saerToqarTveluri srulmar-

cvlianoba Sepirobebulia [*l0] da [*r0] elementTa marcvli-

anobiT Tanxmovnis momdevno poziciaSi. swored am marcvlian-

ma [l0, r0] elementebma mogvca zanurSi bolokiduri or, ur,

ir: joRor `ZaRli~, montyor `matyli~, Tofur `Tafli~,

muntur `matyli~, Wubur `wabli~, daCxir `cecxli~, ladir

`nedli~, isir `isli~ (es meoreuli elementebi viwro (i, u)

an saSualo Riaobis (o) xmovnebia. yvelaze farTo a da e

xmovani arasdros viTardeba.

meoreuli xmovani imeorebs Tavkiduri marcvlis xmo-

vans (ara saerToqarTvelurs, aramed zanurs: joRor, Wubur,

zisxir). es imas niSnavs, rom bolokiduri [*l0, *r0] ele-

mentebis marcvlianobis xarjze meoreuli xmovnebis ganviTa-

reba zanurSi sakmaod gviandeli movlenaa. es Semdegaa gan-

xorcielebuli, roca ukve momxdari iyo xmovanTa `zanuri

gadaweva~ (a*>o, e*>a), xolo l>r meoreuli xmovnebis gaCe-

nas uswrebda win.

srulxmovnoba

kolxuris srulxmovnoba, romelic fuZis ukumSvelobas

gamoxatavs, Zveli viTarebis maCvenebelia, xolo qarTulis

SekumSuli fuZeebi meoreulia (a. Ciqobava): Tma (Toma), sis-

87

xli (zisxiri/dicxiri), qmna (qiminua), si-ym-ili `SimSili~

(megr. ¹umeni)... Zma (<Zaman), Wan.: juma `Zma~, megr.: jima. xmeli, megr-

Wan.: xomula `xmeli~; kreba (korobua), frinavs (megr. furi-

nuns), qmari (megr.-Wan.: qomonji), Tafli (megr.-Wan.: Tofu-

ri), Tve (TTue, megr-Wan.: TuTa), Txmela (megr-Wan.: Txomu),

Tbili (tfili, megr.: tibu, Wan.: tubu), Cvili (CC¼li), Wan.

CuCqu/CiCqu, megr.: CiCqu...

kolxuri nasesxeb sityvebSi ase iqceva _ Tanxmovnebs

Sua Casvams xmovans:

Wereli (Wan.) re `Wrelia~, Zimari (megr.)<Zmari (Sdr. Wan. jumori),

Wyilitua (megr.) Wyleta, pilani (план), filavi (Wan.

flavi).

kolxuri xmovanTa gadasmas mimarTavs, rom TanxmovanTa

kompleqsi gaTiSos:

qirsiani (megr.) `qristiani~, berwuli (megr.), bedineri,

pilatoki (платок).

aRsaniSnavia, rom kolxurSi decesiuri kompleqsebi

xmovniT ar iTiSeba (ty, wy, Wy, fx, Tx, cx, dR, bR, ZR, jR,

tk, wk, Wk, fq, Tq, cq, Cq, bg, dg, Zg, jg).

decesiuri kompleqsebis komponentebi Tu adgils Seic-

vlian, e.i. aqcesiuri gaxdebian: megr.-Si bg decesiuria da ar

iTiSeba: ibgars. gb aqcesiuria da megr.-Wanuri ver itans:

Sdr. qarT. `gboba~ da Wan. `dogibu~.

t. gudavam werilSi `zanuri (megrul-Wanuri) srul-

xmovnobis axsnis cda~ (akademiis moambe, XI, #7, 1950) miu-

TiTa, rom megrul-Wanuri gaurbis aqcesiur kompleqsebs. ena

windawin xels uSlis axali kompleqsebis warmoqmnas. zanu-

ri sityvis fuZeSi ar axdens xmovnis reduqcias (istoriu-

lad arsebuli xmovnisa), Tu am reduqcias Sedegad mohyveba

TanxmovanTa aqcesiuri kompleqsebis Seqmna. amdenad, zanuri

srulxmovneba superaciis (=daZlevis) Taviseburi saxea aqce-

siuri kompleqsebisa.

88

amdenad, megrul-WanurSi rom gvaqvs: Toma, joRori,

juma/jima da sxva ureduqcio formebi, es imitom, rom re-

duqcia rom momxdariyo, miviRebdiT aqcesiur kompleqsebs:

Tm, Rr, jm... da sxva, rasac megrul-Wanuri saerTod gaurbis.

es axsna angariSgasawevia, magram sakiTxavia: Tu srul-

xmovnobas aqcesiur kompleqsTa superaciis saxed miviCnevT,

maSin decesiur kompleqsebTan xmovnis SenarCunebas foneti-

kurad ver avxsniT. Tu vityviT, rom reduqcias xels uSli-

da aqcesiur kompleqsTa warmoqmnis sawinaaRmdego tendencia,

maSin decesiur kompleqsebs Sua moqceuli xmovnis reduqci-

as raRa uSlida xels? decesiur kompleqsebs xom ar gaur-

bis megrul-Wanuri? ara: srulxmovnoba zanurSi SenarCunebu-

lia rogorc aqcesiur, aseve decesiur kompleqsTa SuaSi:

Wuburi, Tofuri, Txomuri... br, fr, mr kompleqsebis Seqmnas,

ra Tqma unda, ar gaurbis zanuri. maSasadame, ureduqciobis,

e.i. srulxmovnobis mizezi maxvili Cans. maxvili istoriu-

lad megrul-WanurSi susti unda yofiliyo. marcvali, ro-

melzec susti maxvili iyo, sustdeboda da ikargeboda.

Sdr. sma da Suma. Zv. qarT. sîmï>sma. magram megrulSi

maxvili u-ze iyo albaT: Sóma. qarTulSi maxvili fiqsirebu-

li ar iyo, ormarcvlian sityvas xan TavSi moudioda

(mñ½ms<mi½ams), xan boloSi (Zmï>Zamïn), maxviliT ori xmova-

nic ikargeboda: ñfqli (<ñfeqal `feq~, svan. fqvili).

fuZekumSvadoba intensiuri maxvilis uqonlobas miewe-

reba (a. Ciqobava, maxvilis sakiTxisaTvis Zvel qarTulSi:

saq. mec. ak. moambe, t.III, #2, 1942).

savaraudoa, rom susti maxvili kolxurSi upiratesad

or da metmarcvlian sityvebSi II da III marcvalze modioda

bolodan. jóma(l) `Zma~, Tòma(l) `Tma~, qòmoli `qmari, mama-

kaci~.

89

maxvili (aqcentuacia) kolxurSi

miRebulia azri, rom megrul-Wanuri srulxmovnoba

moqmedi susti maxvilis Sedegia, reducirebuli fuZeebi meo-

reulia Zlieri dinamikuri maxvilis Sedegad (a. Ciqobava).

a. Ciqobavas aRniSnuli aqvs, rom h. Suxardtma moxdeni-

lad SeniSnao maxvilTan dakavSirebiT: àxali qarTuli mog-

vagonebs zRvas Relvis Semdego. maxvilis mwvervalebi moS-

lilia, sityvis fonetikur zedapirze maxviliani da umaxvi-

lo marcvlebis sxvaoba odnavi SesamCneviRaa~.

megrul-Wanuris maxvili moZravia, susti dinamikur-mu-

sikaluri, ufro susti, vidre qarTulsa da svanurSi.

maxvilis adgili megrul-WanurSi qarTuliseburia: or-

marcvlian sityvebSi bolodan II marcvalzea, metmarcvlianeb-

Si bolodan III marcvalze. jóma/jñma `Zma~, kòCi `kaci~, kïtu `kata~, òxori `saxli~, qòTume (qòTami), mamcódale `matyua-

ra~, mïwkindi `beWedi~, qòmoli `qmari~.

a. Ciqobavas aTinursa da arqabul teqstebSi dadastu-

rebuli aqvs tonuri maxvili, romlis adgili mtkicea, bo-

lodan II marcvalzea yovelTvis! saTanado xmovani gagrZele-

bulad gamoiTqmis, ise, rogorc es gvaqvs mTiulursa (`mand

yofñla buCukurðbi~) da xevsurulSi (`me araferi me-

yurðbis~): heq doxðdi, doxðdi muSðni? (ìq dajeqi, dajeqi ratom?~), konqSðfe va moxTes (`mezoblebi ar movidnen~).

tonuri maxvilis naSTic araa megrulSi dadasturebu-

li. megrul-WanurSi Tandebuliani saxelebi maxvils bolo-

dan II marcvalze atareben. dul»aSðni `saqmisTvis~, Cqi-

misTði `CemsaviT~, melisTði iwkers `meliasaviT iyureba~.

xuTmarcvlian sityvebSi ori maxvilia bolodan V-ze

da III-ze: qòdolòtkoCu `Caagdo~, ïrqadïSefe àmxanagebi~,

WkñWkitñefi `WianWvelebi~.

kiTxviTi intonacia Taviseburia, kiTxviTi winadadebis

bolo sityvis bolo marcvalze xdeba tonis (xmis) aweva: mu

iqñf? `ras akeTeb?~, mu gaRodó? `ra mogivida?~

90

WanurSi kiTxviT nawilakebze, i-ze modis maxvili: si

soTi ulu-ñ? `Sen sadme midixar?~, ar giCqinñ? `ar ici?~, mire-ñ? `vin xar?~.

megrulSi kiTxviTi nawilakia o, magram kiTxviTi maxvi-

li masze ki ar modis, aramed mis winamaval marcvalze: do-

Warñ-o? `dawere?~, si Tina rðqo? `Sen is xar?~, si Wkua vïgiRóno? `Sen Wkua ar gaqvs?~.

megr.-WanurSi maxvili sustia, magram aris SemTxvevebi

reduqciisa. am mxriv maxvili ufro Zlieri Cans WanurSi,

vidre megrulSi.

Sdr. aTin. Wubri `wabli~, Wibri (<kibiri) `kbili~,

wifri (<wifuri) `wifeli~, luqna (<luquna xof. `Taflis

sanTeli~), Tofri (<Tofuri) `Tafli~.

megr.-WanurSi reduqciaa maSin, roca qarTulSi araa:

sa-rec-el-i, megr.-Wan. rC-af-a (<*raC-af-a). qarT. recx-va,

megr. rCxuala (<raCx-uala), qarT. mo-ciq-uli, megr. minda-

Cq-u.

megruli kilokavebidan maxvili yvelaze intensiuria

samurzayanulSi: Txorna `Txrian~, Warna `weren~, xonna `xna-

ven~... uklaSi (<ukulaSi) `umcrosi~, oWmare `dila~, woxle

`win~, maJra `meore~, masma `mesame~.

asea es nasesxeb sityvebSic: Tavisfali, xenwfe, Soblo-

ba, saapracio, izdore, kirle, wiwla, amblatoria (m. ciko-

lia).

marcvlis agebuleba

zogadad mokled SevCerdebiT marcvlis agebulebaze.

marcvali aris warmoTqmis umciresi `bunebrivi~ erTeu-

li (`bunebrivia~ imitom, rom `sa-xli~ an `sax-li~ _ ase

daSlis yvela am sityvas, enis ucodinaric ki, radgan aseTi

dayofa bunebrivia, magram bgerebad dayofa bevrs gauWirdeba:

s-a-x-l-i). ra qmnis marcvals? amaze Teoriebia.

jaxebis TeoriiT (Stromi), marcvali aris bgera an

bgeraTa jgufi, romelic warmoiTqmis haernakadis erTi

91

mTliani jaxebiT. es araa swori. TiToeuli haerjaxeba See-

satyviseba ara marcvals, aramed bgeras (calkeuls).

sonorobis TeoriiT (ziversi, iesperseni), marcvals

qmnis mocemul sityvaSi bgeraTkompleqsis yvelaze sonoruli

bgera, romlis, rogorc centris anu mwvervalis, garSemo

jgufdeba am kompleqsis danarCeni yvela bgera (`skams~ _ aq

erTi marcvalia, romlis centria a, isaa marcvlis matarebe-

li. m sonoria, magram a-sTan SedarebiT naklebi. `na/Rms~ _

aq m qmnis II marcvals, radgan is metad sonoria, vidre R

da s). am TeoriiT, marcvali aris warmoTqmis monakveTi,

romlis centrs warmoadgens nakleb sonorTa Sua moqceuli

maTze meti sonorobis mqone bgera.

es Teoria ufro misaRebia, radgan cxadi xdeba, rato-

maa, rom zog enaSi ori xmovani erT marcvals qmnis (май),

an ratomaa, rom mxolod TanxmovanTkompleqsi Seadgens mar-

cvals (влк `mgeli~ Cexurad).

fiziologiuri da funqciuri TeoriiT (abele) mar-

cvals axasiaTebs xmis aweva marcvlis centris mimarTule-

biT da Sesusteba momdevno marcvalze gadasvlis win. amde-

nad, kunTebrivi daWimuloba izrdeba yovelTvis marcvlis

centris mimarTulebiT, romelsac uwodeben marcvlis mwver-

vals. kunTobrivi daWimulobis Sesusteba mimarTulia mom-

devno axali marcvlis dawyebis sazRvramde, ris Semdeg

kvlav izrdeba kunTebrivi daWimuloba. iseTi marcvlis war-

moTqmisaTvis, romelic nakleb sonor bgeras Seicavs, saWi-

roa ufro meti kunTebrivi energiis daxarjva, vidre iseTi

kompleqsis warmoTqmisas, romlis marcvlis centrs warmo-

adgens ufro metad sonori bgera.

l. SCerbas TeoriiT, yoveli enobrivi nakadi bunebrivad

iyofa ara calkeul bgerebad, aramed marcvlebad. metyvele-

bis nakadis im monakveTs, romelic iwyeba bgeris gaZlierebiT

da mTavrdeba misi SesustebiT, ewodeba marcvali. amdenad,

marcvali artikulaciurad warmoadgens daWimulobis rkals,

romelic amave dros Seicavs xmierobis gaZlierebasa da Se-

sustebas.

92

bgeraTSeerTebis rigi mTavaria marcvlis problemaSi,

radgan Cveulebriv marcvali ar arsebobs bgeraTSeerTebis

gareSe. bgeraTa TanamimdevrebSi asxvaveben `pirveli rigis~

bgeraTSeerTebas, roca saqme gvaqvs ori bgeris SeerTebasTan

da `meore rigis~ bgeraTSeerTebas, roca sami an meti bgeris

SeerTeba xdeba. rusulSi, prof. zinderis gamoangariSebiT,

2656 bgeraTSeerTebis kombinaciaa mosalodneli, aqedan SeuZ-

lebelia 274. qarTulSi, s. JRentis gaangariSebiT, 1225

`pirveli rigis~ bgeraTSeerTebis kombinaciaa mosalodneli,

aqedan SeuZlebelia 347 kombinacia. mag.: qarTvelur enaTaT-

vis erT-erTi uCveulo kompleqsia pl (Tavkidur marcvalSi

pl mxolod nasesxeb sityvebSia: plenumi, plantacia...). pl

rom uCveuloa, Cans `lpoba~-dan. Ziri pal (dampal), aqedan

>*paloba>*ploba>lpoba. pl dialeqtebSi iSviaTadaa: `pep-

lavs, wkepli...~.

aseve uCveuloa megrul-WanurSi qm kompleqsi: megr.

saqvari (<saqmnari), uqvi (<uqmi) `uqme~, ufqvenq `vdResaswa-

ulob~.

megruli ver itans kompleqss: l+Cqamieri, Cqamieri+l,

amitom l-s r-d cvlis: mardi (<*maldi<madli), rRia

(<lRia<Rlia<iRlia), nirsi (<*nilsi<nisli), narkuli

(<nakluli)...

Tavkiduri marcvlis agebuleba: qarTulSi sityvis Tav-

Si marcvals qmnis ori, sami, oTxi da meti Tanxmovani xmo-

vanTan erTad, magram maTSi sonanti bgerac gamoereva, rac

aadvilebs aRqma-gagonebas, radgan isini marcvlis bgerovno-

bas zrdian.

frcqvna, wrTvna, brdRvna, mRvdlis, msxvreva... e.i. qar-

TulSi Tavkidur marcvalTa ageba warmoebs mzardi bgerovno-

bis principis mixedviT da marcvlis mwvervali saTanado

xmovan fonemazea.

kolxurs ki, qarTulisgan gansxvavebiT, marcvlis agebi-

sas axasiaTebs srulxmovnoba: juma/jima `Zma~, korobua `kre-

fa~, Toma `Tma~, xomafa `xmoba~, Suma `sma~...

93

megrul-WanurSi SesaZloa Tavkiduri marcvali iwyebo-

des 1) harmoniuli kompleqsiT: dRa `dRe~, dirZRu `gaZRa~,

jgiri `kargi~, jRaru `JRali~, jRvaliki `Cliqi~, cxemuri

`cxemla~, Cxomi `Tevzi~, CxviCxvi `fesvi~, Wyala `wyevla~,

Wyinti `Wyinti~...

2) spiranti+xSuli: Sqa `Sua~, sqirafa `xmoba~, SqviTi

`Svidi~, Sqirituns `Srets~.

3) megrul-Wanuri gaurbis TanxmovanTa Seyras TavSi,

amitom nasesxeb sityvebSic xmovnebs svams: megr. q¸libi

(<qlibi), kirde (<klde), Wan. filavi (<flavi).

qarTulSi rom Tavkidur marcvalSi TanxmovanTa jgu-

fia, es xSirad reduqciiTaa miRebuli. a. SaniZem (`qarTuli

kiloebi mTaSi~) 1915 wels aRniSna, rom TanxmovanTa Sejgu-

feba sityvis dasawyisSi xdeba xmovanTa amaRlebis gamoo.

mTis dialeqtebSi xmovani Tavis adgilzea da amdenad, Tan-

xmovani (k g q) ar dakargulao: xevs.: girwyli, mTiuluri:

kirwyli (Zv. qarT. grwyili/krwyili, ax. qarT. >rwyili).

TuS.-fSavuri: kurko, xevs.: girko (Zv. qarT. krko, ax. qarT.

rko); xevs. CviCvili (Zv. qarT. CC¼li).

daskvna: qarTuls axasiaTebs Tavkidur marcvalSi xmov-

nis amoRebis Zlieri tendencia, xolo megr.-Wanurs (svanur-

sac) piriqiT, axasiaTebs Tavkidur marcvalTa srulxmovnoba.

halam Tavkiduri marcvlis sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT Se-

moitana cnebebi struqtura (daxuruli dawyeba marcvlisa)

da apertura. misi azriT, struqturuli dawyeba marcvlisa

(TanxmovniT, TanxmovanTa jgufiT, magari SemarTviT) axasia-

Tebs germanuls: ‘aber (¹aber), ‘arbeiten.

qarTveluri enebisaTvis istoriulad upiratesad dama-

xasiaTebeli unda yofiliyo sityvis struqturuli dawyeba:

mag.: ena, magram nena (Wan.), nina (megr.).

ase rom, ena (<hena), adgil (<hadgil), abano (<habano), a. Ciqobava: idayvi (<nidayvi), iwro (<viwro), aTi, magram vi-Ti (megr.-Wan.).

94

megrul-WanurSi qarT. sa=o: o-qoTome `saqaTme~, o-Reje

`saRore~.

n. mari fiqrobda, rom qarT. sa-s Sesatyvisad megrul-

WanurSi unda yofiliyo *So, romelic Semdeg So>¹o>o. Ci-qobavaTi, megr.-Wan. -o<ho. asea Tu ise, ueWvelia, rom megr.-

Wan. o-s win uZRoda romeliRaca Tanxmovani.

s. JRents Tavkiduri marcvlis struqturuli dawyebis

tendenciis gamovlenad miaCnia is faqti, rom Tavkiduri xmo-

vani iqceva Tanxmovnad, Tu mas sxva xmovani an sonanti mos-

devs.

ivania>Ávania>Jvania, iakobia>*Áakobia>*Jakobia>jakobia, iordania>Áordania>Jordania, iobava>*Áobava>*Jobava>jobava, iare>Áare>Jare (saba).

bolokiduri marcvlis agebuleba. qarTulSi SesaZloa

sityvebis bolokiduri marcvali bolovdebodes romelime

xmovanze (a, e, i, o, u) an Tanxmovanze (1, 2, 3, 4, 5), er-

Tmarcvliani sityvebi qarTulSi SesaZloa oTx-xuT Tanxmo-

vanzec bolovdebodes: nakls, ZaRls, morgvs, ZarRvs, matyls,

vercxls, cecxls...

sityvis boloSi TanxmovanTa dajgufeba gansakuTrebiT

axasiaTebs svanurs: zisx `sisxli~, WiSx `fexi~, îisgî `vaS-li~, m¸rSk `WianWvela~ (amas umlauts miaweren da reduqci-

as).

megrul-Wanurs gansxvavebuli adgili uWiravs am Sem-

TxvevaSi. kolxuri, qarTulisa da svanurisgan gansxvavebiT,

gaurbis bolokidur marcvalSi TanxmovanTa dajgufebas. ami-

tom umravles SemTxvevaSi kolxurSi sityvebi romelime

xmovanze bolovdeba.

a: baba `mama~, mafa `mefe~, Toma `Tma~, TuTa `mTvare~,

leta `talaxi~, nusa/nisa `qali, rZali~, jima/juma `Zma~.

e: bere `bavSvi~, kuCxe `fexi~, qoTume `qaTami~, yoyore

`kvaxi~, sinCxe `sicxe~, mayare `mayari~.

i: arguni `culi~, Toli `Tvali~, kiTi `TiTi~, xoji

`xari~...

95

o: bozo `qaliSvili~, orZo `skami~, fenwo `lokokina~,

oTxo `oTxi~, ovro `rva~, mwko `wyavi~...

u: katu `kata~, msqibu `qva (wisqvilis)~, mJvabu/jvabu

`gombeSo~, nuku/n¸k¸ `nikapi~.. megrul-WanurSi bolokiduri marcvali erTi an ori

TanxmovniT SeiZleba bolovdebodes mxolod maSin, Tu fuZi-

seuli da afiqsiseuli Tanxmovnebi erTad Seiyrebian: koCq

`kacma~, xoCq `xarma~, vkvaTunq `vWri~, vxantunq `vxatav~, in-

gars `tiris~...

bolokidur marcvalSi rom Tanxmovnebi ar Sejgufdes,

amis gamoa, rom megrulSi mic. brunvis -s niSnis win ikarge-

ba fuZiseuli xSulebi: d, t, T, j, C: du-s (<dud-s) `Tavs~,

be-s (<bed-s) `beds~, mar-s (<mard-s) `madls~, xo-s (<xoj-s)

`xars~, qomon-s (<qomonj-s) `qmars~, koCi>ko-s (<koC-s)

`kacs~, me-s (<met-s) `mets~, Rorons (<RoronT-s) `RmerTs~.

araTavkidur marcvalTa agebuleba: qarTulSi araadekva-

turi marcvlebi ZiriTadad imave TanxmovnebiT iwyeba, rogo-

riTac Tavkiduri marcvlebi. amitom araTavkidur marcvleb-

sac aRmavali bgerovnoba axasiaTebs (ga-bzar-va, aR-gzne-ba,

ga-mo-krTo-ma, da-njRre-va...)

megrul-WanurSi araTavkidur marcvalSi TanxmovanTa

xvedriTi wona metia, marcvali SeiZleba iwyebodes erTi,

ori, sami da zogjer meti TanxmovniTac. xSiria aseT Sem-

TxvevaSi harmoniuli kompleqsebi da sonantebi. bur-dRi-ni

`burdRuni~, ber-jRe-li `Rnavili (tirili)~, o-dgi-Si `sad-

gisi~, er-cqe-mi `jixvi~, var-Cxi-li `vercxli~, go-mo-rZgu-a

`gamarjveba~, o-rtya-fu `sartyeli~, fu-cxo-li `fusfusi~,

di-ncxi-ri `sisxli~, o-cxo-ji `savarcxeli~, xe-nwke-li

`salaTa~, e-la-mcqveri `ganebivrebuli~, o-Skvi-du `kudabzi-

ka~.

96

bgeraTa Sesatyvisoba kolxursa da

qarTulSi

dRemde, rac ki enaSi mtkice enaTmecnierul monapovrad

iTvleba, mopovebulia istoriul-SedarebiTi meTodis momar-

jvebiT. es meTodi metad marjvea monaTesave enaTa uZvelesi

struqturis dasadgenad. monaTesave enebi garkveul kanonzo-

mierebas gviCveneben fonetikaSi, garkveuli Sesatyvisoba aqvT

bgeraTa sistemaSi. asea zanursa (kolxursa) da qarTuls

Soris. bgeraTa Sesatyvisobis sakiTxSi megruli da Wanuri

savsebiT emTxvevian erTmaneTs qarTulTan mimarTebiT. esaa

mTavari argumenti imisa, rom isini calke enebad ar miiCneva.

pirvelad bgeraTa Sesatyvisobani megrulsa (amiT ki Wa-

nursac!) da qarTuls Soris daadgina al. cagarelma. Semdeg

n. marma daazusta. am sakiTxze sagangebo Sromebi aqvs a. Ci-

qobavas, a. SaniZes, v. Tofurias da sxv.

a. Ciqobava `Wanur-megrul-qarTuli SedarebiTi leqsi-

konis~ (1938) SesavalSi vrclad Cerdeba monaTesave enaTa

Sedarebis principze. aRniSnulia, rom:

1) Sesadarebeli movlenebi an unda warmogvidgendnen

ganviTarebis erTsa da imave safexurs, an unda iqnen dayvani-

li erT safexuramdis (es ise saWiroa, rogorc gaerTmniSvne-

lianeba wiladebis Sekreba-gamravlebisas), e.i. unda vicodeT

Sesadarebel movlenaTa istoria (mag. qarT. `xe~-s mniSvne-

lobiT megrul-WanurSi aris ja. magram maTi Sedareba ar Se-

iZleba, ja-s Sesatyvisia Zv. qarT. Zel, `xe ~ Zeli~).

2) Sedareba ar SeiZleba, Tu sxvadasxva Ziria, ar SeiZ-

leba SevadaroT: miwa//dixa, saxli//¹ude, Tavi//dudi. 3) Sedareba ar SeiZleba, Tu savsebiT erTnairi fuZee-

bia, mag.: qarTul-megrul-Wanuri: cxeni, kvercxi, xuTi, Txa.

4) Sedareba SeiZleba, Tu erTi da imave masalis kanon-

zomieri diferenciaciaa mocemuli. aq ramdenime SemTxvevaa:

a) mTeli fuZe-Ziric da afiqsebic kanonzomier Sesat-

yvisobas gvaZleven: ded-al/dad-ul, kac-is/koC-iS.

97

b) Ziri iZleva Sesatyvisobas, afiqsebi _ ara: xari/xo-

ji, Zmas/jumas, magram: kac-ma/koC-q, ari-s/ore-n (aq funqciu-

ri Sesatyvisobaa. afiqsTa sxvaoba gamowveulia maTi sxvadas-

xva warmoSobiT. moTxrobiTi br.-is -ma modis man nacvalsaxe-

lidan, xolo megr.-Wan. q ukavSirdeba g-s: e-g-e, i-g-i (Sdr.:

aq<haq, i-q<hi-q).

g) Ziri ar iZleva Sesatyvisobas, afiqsebi _ ki. miw-

is/dixa-Si, saxleb-is/¹udef-iS... 5) SesaZloa kanonzomieri Sesatyvisobis gziT miRebul-

ma masalam Sesadarebel enebSi icvalos aRnagoba ukve am ena-

Ta ganviTarebis procesSi (Zma/juma-jima, orivegan cvlile-

baa: Zma<Zaman), juma/jima (<jomal).

6) SesaZloa kanonzomieri Sesatyvisobis gziT miRebul-

ma masalam Sesadarebel enebSi icvalos ara aRnagoba, aramed

mniSvneloba, mag. qarT. Zil-s Seesatyviseba megr. jir: `din-

jir-u~ dawva, e.i. qarTulSi Zils aRniSnavs, megrulSi _

wolas.

megr.-Wan. ja-s `xes~ Sesatyvisia Zel, romelic zoga-

dad ar udris xes.

xuces-s Seesatyviseba megr. uCaS `ufrosi~ (mniSvnelo-

bam qarTulSi ganicada cvlileba).

Rame-s Seesatyviseba Wan. Roma (megr.: Ruma) `Roma~-gu-

Sin, `Ruma~-wuxel (mniSvneloba icvleba megr.-WanurSi).

dRes zanursa da qarTuls Soris dadgenilia bgeraTa

Semdegi Sesatyvisoba:

qarTuli: Z w c z s e a (i) j W C S (r) (l)

zanuri: j W C J S a o (e) jg Wk Cq/Ck Sq/sq

Sk/sk (j) (r)

Z : j: ZaR-l-i/joR-or-i; Zv-el-i/jv-eS-i (Wan. mjveSi),

Zmari/jumori (Wan.), Zma/juma/jima, Zv-al//ji-ju (=di-ju)

Sdr. gur. jijgvi `Zvalmsxvili~, Zera/jaja (guriaSi, gvari:

jajaniZe), Zax-eba/o-jox-u.

w : W: wiTeli/WiTa/mWiTa; wyrTa/WyirTa/WyiTa; wabli/

Wuburi, anw-l-i/inW-ir-i (Wan.), inWiria (megr.), miwvdoma/men-

98

Wafa, wvima/Wvima/mWima; wamali/Wami, mweri/Wanji, mwyeri/Wyo-

ri, wyevla/Wyala.

c : C: kaci/koCi; cremli/Cilamuri, micema/meCama, x-u-c-

es-i/u-C-aSi, cxviri/Cxvindi, cxra/Cxoro, cxeli/Cxe, coli/Ci-

li.

z : J: ze-da/Ji (megr.-Wan.); mze/mJ-or-a(Wan.)/bJa(megr.)/

svan. miJ.

s : S: asi/oSi; svani/Soni; suma/Suma; sv-el/Suel/Sv-

il//Sol: doSolafan (Wan.) `daasveleben~, eqvsi/amSvi/anSi,

suli/Suri, sadgisi/odgiSi.

e : a: erTi/arTi, eqvsi/amSvi/anSi; Zel-i/ja(l), me/ma,

mweri/Wanji. siZe/sinja, mze/bJa, marjve-d/morZgva-T.

a : o: asi/oSi, ZaRli/joRori, tba (taba)/toba/toba-

varCxli `tbavercxla~. Kkaci / koCi, qaTami / qoTomi, xari /

xoji, vaci / oCi.

(i) : (e): sax. br. niSani qarT. i (kaci, qali, bavSvi)

Wan. berefe `bavSvebi~, koCefe `katebi~, qaTami/qoTume, fe-

xi/kuCxe.

qarTulSi arsebul SiSina S-s da afrikatebs j W C-s

megrul-WanurSi Seesatyviseba orwevriani TanxmovanTkompleq-

si: SiSina spiranti (S) da afrikati (j W C) + ukanaenismie-

ri xSuli (g k q):

j : jg: j-ob-n-a/r-jg-in-a, ji-nWv-el-a/jgi-jgi-ti-a.

W : Wk: Wed-v-a/Wkad-u-a, Wams/Wkomuns, War/Wer `Wris~/

Wkirua, doWkoru.

C : Cq: Cemi/Cqimi; CC¼li (*CiCîil)//CqiCqu/CuCqu (Wan.),

Cans/rCqu, maCvi/munCqvi.

S : Sq: Svidi/SqviTi; S-i-a/Sq-ir-en-s; vaSli/uSquri,

Sua/Sqa, ga-Sv-eb-a/me-Squ-mala; mo-a-ST-o/da-Sqvid-u; la-

Si/leSqi (Wan.), leCqvi (megr.), Sineba/Squrini, Se-Sa/di-Sqa.

zanuris (kolxuris) ukanaenismierebi am kompleqsebSi

Semdgom aris ganviTarebuli. fiqroben, rom j, W, C, S bgere-

bi kolxurSi velarizebuli iyo da ara palataluri. isini

dResac magari Tanxmovnebia megrul-WanurSi. am TanxmovanTa

99

velaruli warmoeba gaxda safuZveli imisa, rom maT Semdgom

ganviTarebuliyo ukanaenismieri xSulebi (s. JRenti).

sxva saxis TanxmovanTSesatyvisobidan arasistemebr aR-

saniSnavia Semdegi:

(r) : (j): i-s win: xari/xoji, furi/fuji, yuri/ ¹uji, mxari/xuji/fxuji, Ziri/jinji.

(l) : (r): i/u viwro xmovnebis Semdeg (sonantebis win):

guli/guri, suli/Suri, fqvili/qviri/mqii, vaSli/uSquri,

Tafli/Tofuri... (a da e xmovnis Semdeg l>l: mamali, bali,

Tuali, msxali, yveli, saWmeli, yeli, gamonaklisia: gveli,

mgeli).

(g) : (r): sagzali/orzoli, dagzeba/dorzama, dagzels/

dorzans.

am ukanasknel Sesatyvisobas g. rogavam specialuri we-

rili uZRvna: `qarTvelur enaTa bgeraTSesatyvisobidan, megr.

r.: qarT. g (saq. mecn. ak. moambe X, Ab 8, 1949) da daamtki-

ca, rom megrul-WanurSi g-s nacvlad r-s xmareba aqcesiuri

kompleqsis daZlevis kanonis safuZvelzea damyarebuli. mer-

dinafu (<megdinafu) `dagkargvia~, rTxulens (<gTxulens)

`gTxovs~, rCans (<gCans) `gaWmevs~, rjviduns (<gjviduns)

`gkocnis~... Cans, rom g>r, radgan g rom darCeniliyo, aqce-

siuri kompleqsebi Cndeboda: gd, gT, gC, gj... aseT kompleqss

ki zanuri gaurbis.

rogorc magaliTebidan Cans, megrul-Wanurs `SiSina~

gabgereba axasiaTebs, qarTuls _ `sisina~. am SesatyvisobaSi

bgeraTa qarTuli wyeba sisinaa, megrul-Wanurisa _ SiSina. es

akustikuri STabeWdilebis mixedviT. artikulaciis mixedviT

ki am or wyebas Soris Semdegi sxvaobaa: Z, w, c, z, s warmo-

ebisas enis wveri monawileobs, xolo j, W, C, J, S warmoebi-

sas _ wina enis zurgi, e.i. diferenciacia am TanxmovnebSi ga-

mouwvevia artikulaciis cvlas, wina enis zurgis amoqmedebas

enis wveris nacvlad. warmoebis ukan gadaweva _ enis monawi-

leobis mixedviT rom vimsjeloT _ esaa is safuZveli, ro-

melmac gansazRvra megrul-Wanuris `SiSini~ qarTulis `sisi-

nis~ nacvlad (a. Ciqobava).

100

ra gamoiwvia es cvlileba? ucnobia. spontanuria. ra-

tom qarTulSi ar moxda TanxmovanTa warmoebis gadaweva?

principulad qarTulsac SeeZlo `sisini~ Seecvala `SiSi-

niT~, magram es ar momxdara.

am mxriv sainteresoa Sen/si nacvalsaxelebis mimarTeba.

`Sen~ aRmoaCnda `sisina~ wris enas, `si~ ki _ `SiSina~ wri-

sas. rogor? `Sen~ qarTulSi zanuridan Sevida, xolo `si~

zanurSi qarTulidan? ara. a. Ciqobava fiqrobs, rom Sen qar-

Tulsave niadagzea miRebuli se-n/(si-n)-isagan. si-n/se-n-Si

n/na determinantia, amdenad, si II piris nacvalsaxeli gamo-

dis qarTulsa, megrul-Wanursa da svanurisaTvis, e.i. qarTve-

luri enebisaTvis. qarTulSi es s Semdeg Secvlila S-Ti

(Sena, Seni...), aseve Seni/sqani. aq S miRebulia s-sagan, s dau-

cavs megrul-Wanurs da q ganviTarebia.

T. gamyreliZe ki sul sxva axsnas iZleva SromaSi `si-

bilantTa Sesatyvisobani da qarTvelur enaTa struqturis

zogi sakiTxi~, 1959.

ratom aqvs S da j-s zanursa da svanurSi orgvari Se-

satyvisi? ratom gvaqvs, erTi mxriv, S _ Sq/Sg, j _ jg, xo-

lo, meore mxriv, S _ sq/sg, j _ Zg (Sveli _ msqveri; mar-

jvena _ marZgvani).

Tu arsebuli axsnidan amovalT, rom S _ sq/sg Sefar-

debaSi pirveladia sq/sg (<*s), maSin unda davuSvaT, rom

qarTulSi, romelic sisina wris enaa, es sisina (s) spiranti

Sesatyvis SiSinaSi gadavida, maSin, roca zanursa da svanur-

Si, romlebic SiSina wris enebia, amave fonemas ar moucia

SiSina refleqsi. Tu amas davuSvebdiT, unda gvevarauda, rom

arsebobda s-sgan (im s-sgan, romelic zanursa da svanurSi S-

s iZleva) gansxvavebuli (fonologiurad) meore sisina spi-

ranti, romelsac qarTulSi unda moeca S da zanurSi sq, sk,

sg. e.i. S<(*s)>sq/sg. magram aseTi gadasvlisaTvis fonetiku-

ri pirobebi ar arsebobs: a) amgvari S qarTulSi (TiTqos s-

gan momdinare) gvxvdeba iseTsave fonetikur garemocvaSi,

rogorSic is s spiranti, romelsac zanursa da svanurSi S

fonema Seefardeba. b) ratom ganiviTara amgvarma postulire-

101

bulma (*s) spirantma ukanaenismieri xSuli (k, g)? sq/sg kom-

pleqsi zanur-svanurSi iseT fonetikur garemocvaSi gvxvde-

ba, romelic qarTul s fonemis Sesatyvisad arsebul SiSina

(S) spirantisTvis dasturdeba rig formebSi.

g) gansakuTrebiT damaxasiaTebelia is garemoeba, rom

zanursa da svanurSi ar arsebobs pirveladi sq/sg kompleqsi,

romlis Sesatyvisad qarTulSi s spiranti iyos warmodgeni-

li. sq/sg dasturdeba mxolod maSin, Tu mis Sesatyvisad

qarTulSi S spiranti gvaqvs. es garemoeba gadamwyvetia. cxa-

di xdeba, rom Sq/Sg da sq/sg kompleqsebi orive erT sib-

rtyeze dgas da orive Tavdapirveli SiSina (S) spirantis

kanonzomieri refleqsia.

S-s distribuciuli analizi gvarwmunebs, rom Sq/Sg

kompleqsis Camoyalibeba Tavdapirveli SiSina (*S) fonemisa-

gan spontanuri bunebisaa. magram sxvagvaradaa sq/sg kompleq-

sebTan saqme: sq/sg Seefardeba qarTulSi iseT SiSina (S) spi-

rants, romelsac bagismieri v an î fonema mosdevs. igive iT-qmis j fonemaze, romelic iZleva Zg/sg kompleqsebs:

qarT. Sv/î _ zan. sqv _ svan. sgî Su-enis, Wan. megomsqu, m-sqva, svan. x-e-sgî-î `Svenis~ Sv-eli, Wan. m-sqv-eri, megr. sqveri.

Sa-S-vi (<sa-S-v-i, Zv. qarT. SaSu) Wan. m-ze-sq-u, megr.

zesqvi.

Sv-il-i, megr.-Wan. sq-ir-i (<sqviri).

qarT. ju _ zan. Zgv _ svan. sgu

mar-ju-en-e, megr. mar-Zgv-ani, svan. le-rsgî-en jv `gareT gasvla~, megr. Zgv, Sdr. svan. la-sg-ar `sa-

pirfareSo~.

102

xmovanTa Sesatyvisoba zanuris kilokavebSi:

zanuris kilokavebSi SeiniSneba rig SemTxvevaSi u-sa da

i-s, agreTve o-sa da i-s Sesatyvisoba. aseTi u-s i zugdi-

dur-samurzayanulSi ¸-Si gadadis. viwur-arqabuli, aTinuri u = xofuri, senakuri i =

zugdidur-samurzayanuli ¸-s. viwur-arqabul-aTinuri xofuri, senakuri zugdidur-samurzayanuli

daCxuri daCxiri daCx¸ri `cecxli~

Wkudi Wkidi Wk¸di `mWadi~

dozumu dozimu doz¸mu `gazoma~

Jur-i xof.(Jur), senak.Jiri J¸ri `ori~

viwur-arqabuli, aTinuri o = xofuri, senakuri i = zugdi-

dur-samurzayanuli ¸: viwur-arqabuli,

aTinuri

xofuri,

senakuri

zugdidur-samurzaya-

nuli

korza `kovzi, cicxvi~ kirza k¸rza oWkoru/oSkoru(aTin.) `Wra~ oWkiru oWk¸ru

qomoli `qmari~ qimoli (xof.) q¸moli

u/o : i SesatyvisobaSi pirveladia u/o. i Semdegaa miRebu-

li, xolo es i>¸, e.i. u/o>i>¸. g. rogava ki sxva axsnas iZ-leva. misi azriT, bgeraTa aseTi Sesatyvisoba Sedegia zanu-

ris xofur, senakur, zugdidur-samurzayanul kilokavebSi

garkveul poziciebSi ukanaenismieri u xmovnis iracionaluri

¸ xmovanSi gadasvlisa. xofursa da senakurSi ¸-s Senacvlebia

ZiriTadi xmovani i, e.i. u/o>¸>i. u/o-s Secvla iracionaluri

¸ xmovniT zanuris garkveul kilokavebSi zogadi xasiaTis

fonetikuri procesia. igi gamowveulia u/o-s warmoebisTvis

saWiro bgerebisa da enis aqtiurobis modunebiT. ra proce-

sebSi gadadis u/o ¸-Si? _ Tu aseT u/o-s win uZRvis rome-lime aralabialuri Tanxmovani (g, q, k, R, x, z, s...) da uka-

via interkonsonanturi pozicia: guruni>g¸r¸ni `viri~, Wku-di>Wk¸di `mWadi~...

103

zugdidur-samurzayanulSi u>¸ iZleva afiqsebTanac da

Ria poziciaSic: rguns>rg¸ns `rgavs~, gorCxu>gorCx¸ `ga-

recxa~, baRu>baR¸ `beReli~.

sxva SemTxvevaSi u/o xmovani ucvleli rCeba zanuris

kiloebSi:

1) sityvis dasawyisSi: uCa `Savi~, ukumela ùkuni~,

uRu àqvs~, unCaSi ùfrosi~, ukuli `kvlav (mere)~...

2) xmovnis win: jua `Zu~, qua `qva~, onjua `saRamo~,

ruo `rva~, squa `Svili~...

3) wyvilbagismier xSulebis Semdeg (b, f, p, g): buli

`bali~, burWuli `waldi~, fuji `furi~, furceli `foTo-

li~, furinua `frena~, puxa `kuziani~, putoni `putva~, gu

`hgavs~, munCqvi `maCvi~.

4) u xmovani ar gadadis ¸-Si arc zugdidur-samurzaya-nulSi, roca mas win uZRvis romelime labializebuli kom-

pleqsi: Tanxm.+v: gv, qv, kv, Rv, xv, jv, Cv, Wv, Zv, cv, wv, Jv,

Sv, dv, Tv, tv.

Zv. qarTulSi aseTi kompleqsebis labialuri momenti î-Ti aRiniSneboda.

zanurSi zogjer es labializebuli elementi v ikarge-

ba, xolo u ucvleli rCeba (sufiqsiseuli):

Wuns < Wvuns, uWu < uWvu (Sed. doWvi. Zv. qarT. wuavs).

rxuns (<rxvuns), urxu<urxvu (Sed. Zv. qarT. ½ureli).

squns (<sqvuns) `kravs, naskvavs~...

Suns (<Svuns) `svams~...

104

morfologia

arsebiTi saxelis brunvebi da bruneba

kolxurSi yvela is brunva gvaqvs, rac qarTulSia, wo-

debiTis gamoklebiT. wodebiTi brunva kolxurSi araa, mis

funqcias saxelobiTi brunva asrulebs (aseT SemTxvevaSi sa-

xels xSirad Sorisdebuli bgera o, vo uZRvis win: vo, pet-

re, koCi//o, koCi... `kaco~). samagierod, megrulsa da WanurSi

qarTulTan SedarebiT metia: daSorebiTi (koCiSe/koCiSe(n)

Wan.) da mimarTulebiTi (koCiSa). mxolod megrulSia daniS-

nulebiTi (koCiSoT), gardaqceviTi (koCo `kacad~, baRanaT

`balRad~, mayareT `mayrad~). ase rom, WanurSi 7 brunvaa,

megrulSi _ 9 brunva. bruneba erTia megrulsa da WanurSi.

brunvis niSnebi:

megruli Wanuri

1. saxelobiTi i e/i

2. moTxrobiTi q q

3. micemiTi s s

4. naTesaobiTi S(i) S(i)

5. mimarTulebiTi Sa Sa

6. daSorebiTi Se Se(n)

7. moqmedebiTi T(i) Te(n)

8. daniSnulebiTi iS-oT _

9. gardaqceviTi o/T _

fuZeTanxmovanian saxelTa bruneba: koC-i `kaci~, dud-i `Ta-

vi~, fuj-i `furi~, gur-i `guli~.

105

megruli Wanuri

sax. koC-i, dud-i, fuj-i, gur-i koC-i, dud-i, fuj-i,

gur-i

moTxr. koC-q, dud-q, fuj-i-q,

gur-q

koC-i-q, dud-i-q, fuj-i-q,

gur-i-q

mic. ko-s, du-s, fuj-i-s,

gur-s

koC-i-s, dud-i-s,

fuj-i-s, gur-i-s

naT. koC-i-S(i), dud-i-S(i),

fuj-i-S(i), gur-i-S(i)

koC-i-S(i), dud-i-S(i),

fuj-i-S(i)...

mimarT. koC-i-S-a, dud-i-Sa,

fuj-i-Sa, gur-iS-a

koC-i-Sa, dud-i-Sa,

fuj-i-Sa...

daSor. koC-i-Se, dud-i-Se,

fuj-i-Se, gur-i-Se

koC-i-Se(n), dud-i-Se(n),

fuj-i-Se(n)...

moqm. koC-i-T(i), dud-i-T(i),

fuj-i-T(i)...

koC-i-Te(n), dud-i-Te(n),

fuj-i-Te(n)...

daniSn. koC-i-S-oT, dud-i-S-oT... _

gardaqc. koC-o, dud-o, fuj-o,

gur-o

_

mravlobiTi ricxvi

megruli Wanuri

sax. koC-ef-i, fuj-ef-i... koC-ef-e, fuj-ef-e...

moTxr. koC-en-q, fuj-en-q.../

koC-ef-q, fuj-ef-q...

koC-ef-e-q, fuj-ef-e-q...

mic. koC-en-s, fuj-en-s.../koC-

ef-s, fuj-ef-s...

koC-ef-e-s, fuj-ef-e-s...

naT. koC-ef-iS(i), fuj-ef-iS-i... koC-ef-e-S(i),

fuj-ef-e-S(i)...

mimarT. koC-ef-i-Sa, fuj-ef-i-Sa... koC-ef-e-Sa, fuj-ef-e-Sa...

daSor. koC-ef-i-Se, fuj-ef-i-Se... koC-ef-e-Se(n),

fuj-ef-e-Se(n)...

moqm. koC-ef-i-T(i),

fuj-ef-i-T(i)...

koC-ef-e-Te(n),

fuj-ef-e-Te(n)...

daniSn. koC-ef-i-S-oT,

fuj-ef-i-S-oT...

_

gardaqc. koC-ef-o, fuj-ef-o _

106

fuZeTanxmovanianTa damaxasiaTebeli isaa, rom:

1) WanurSi sax. brunvis i niSani gadahyveba yvela brun-

vaSi, TiTqos i bolokiduriani saxeli iyos. megrulSi ki

aseTi ram iSviaTia (!) moTxrobiTsa da micemiTSi. (Sesaswav-

lia, megrulSi i gadahyveba Tu aqac kompleqsis Seqmnis sa-

SiSroebaa: ZRab-i-s (gogos) (ZRab-s araa), Tof-i-s (araa

Tof-s)..

2) mravlobiT ricxvSi (-ef) sufiqsi ucvleladaa war-

modgenili, maSin, roca xmovanfuZianebTan e-s kargavs Wanur-

Si (katu-f-e `katebi~, orZo-f-e `skamebi~, bucxa-f-e `frCxi-

lebi~. e. i. a, o, u, e-ze daboloebul saxelebSi), megrulSi

-ef sruladaa am SemTxvevaSi Senaxuli (bircxefi `frCxile-

bi~, kotoefi `qoTnebi~, katuefi `katebi~).

3) megrulSi mravlobiTi ricxvis -ef niSani moTxro-

biTsa da micemiTSi iqceva -en-ad (senakurSi ufro) an -em-ad

(em/ef _ ufro zugdidur-samurzayanulSi).

4) megrulSi mic. brunvis -s niSnis win fuZis bolo

Tanxmovnebi ikargeba. esenia d, t, T, j, C. (e.i. kompleqsis

autanloba ufro mic.-is -s-sTan Tu -s spirantobis gamoa?).

me-s (<met-s), du-s (<dud-s) `Tavs~, mar-s (<mard-s)

`madls~, Roron-s (<RoronT-s) `RmerTs~, xojs>xo-s `xars~,

koCs>kos `kacs~.

aseve, poziciuri cvliT fuZis bolokiduri -l mic.

brunvaSi r-d iqceva: buli _ burs `bals~, Toli _ Tors

`Tvals~, burWuli _ burWurs `walds~, kudeli _ kuders

`kuds~, dudeli _ duders `TavTavs~...

5) mravlobiTi ricxvis saxelobiTSi Wanurma yvelgan

Seinaxa saxelobiTi brunvis zanuri niSani e, maSin, roca

mxolobiTSi misi adgili daiWira qarTulma i-m. megrulma ki

zanuri niSani e mxolobiTSic dakarga da mravlobiTSic. es

e i-s msgavsad saxelobiTidan yvela brunvas gadahyveba.

6) megrulis zugdidur-samurzayanul kilokavSi mice-

miTis s Secvlilia c-Ti: koc `kacs~, duc `Tavs~, xoc

(<xojs) `xars~, Cxomc `Tavzs~...

107

fuZexmovnian saxelTa bruneba: megrul-WanurSi xmovan-

ze daboloebuli saxelebi sxvanairad ibrunvis.

a: Toma `Tma~, biga `joxi~, diSqa `SeSa~, juma/jima

`Zma~, nusa/nisa `rZali~, atama `atami~, bircxa `frCxili~...

e: bere `bavSvi~, kuCxe `fexi~, qoTume `qaTami~, ontule

`bostani~, ginZe `grZeli~, megr.: mayare `mayari~, WiWe `pata-

ra~, Reje `Rori~...

o: orZo `skami~, fenwo `lokokina~, Cxoro `cxra~, ov-

ro `rva~, bozo `qaliSvili~, koto `qoTani~...

u: katu `kata~, CiCqu `Cvili~, Jvabu /mjvabu `gombeSo~,

Rumu `Romi~, nuku `nikapi~, oWaru `wera (Wan.)~, okvaTu

`Wra (Wan.)~...

megruli Wanuri

`Tma~, `kata~, `qoTani~,

`saxli~

`Tma~, `kata~, `skami~,

`bavSvi~

sax. Toma, katu, koto, ¹ude Toma, katu, orZo, bere

moTxr. Toma-q, katu-q, koto-q,

¹ude-q Toma-q, katu-q, orZo-q,

bere-q

mic. Toma-s(i), katus(i),

koto-s(i), ¹ude-s(i) Toma-s, katu-s, orZo-s,

bere-s

naT. Toma-S(i), katu-S(i),

koto-S(i), ¹ude-S(i) Toma-S(i), katu-S(i),

orZo-S(i), bere-S(i)

mimarT. Toma-Sa, katu-Sa, koto-Sa,

¹ude-Sa Toma-Sa, katu-Sa, orZo-Sa,

bere-Sa

daSor. Toma-Se, katu-Se, koto-Se,

¹ude-Se Toma-Se(n), katu-Se(n),

orZo-Se(n)...

moqm. Toma-T(i), katu-T(i),

koto-T(i), ¹ude-T(i) Toma-Te(n), katu-Te(n),

orZo-Te(n)...

daniSn. Toma-S-o(T), katu-S-o(T)... _

gardaqc. Toma-T, katu-T, koto-T,

¹ude-T _

1) mravlobiT ricxvSi a, u, o-ze fuZegaTavebuli saxe-

lebi WanurSi mravlobiTi ricxvis ef-is e-s kargaven: Toma-

f-e, Tomaf-e-q, katu-f-e, katu-f-e-q; orZo-f-e, orZo-f-e-q.

108

megrulSi ase araa: katu-ef-i, koto-ef-i, ¹ude-ef-i, Tom-ef-i (<Toma-ef-i).

e-ze daboloebuli saxelebi (berefe, kuCxefe) a. Ciqo-

bavaTi: ber-ef-e, kuCx-ef-e, e.i. fuZis bolo e aris mokveci-

li. magram: mamcudale-f-e `matyuarebi~, onCamure-f-e `sacex-

vel-eb-i~, aq mravlobiTi ricxvis e-a mokvecili.

2) saxelobiTi brunvis niSani WanurSi mxolobiT ric-

xvSi Cveulebriv i aris, rogorc es qarTulsa da megrul-

Sia, magram Senaxulia qarTuli i-s zanuri Sesatyvisi e: ber-

e `bavSvi~, kuCx-e `fexi~, qoTum-e `qaTami~...

am saxelebSi -e saxelobiTi brunvis niSania da ara fu-

Zis daboloeba. WanurSi e-ze fuZegaTavebuli saxelebi ise

ar moipoveba, rogorc i-ze gaTavebuli saxelebi qarTulSi

(nawarmoeb saxelebSi e mawarmoebelia: mamcudale, onCamure,

nopiwkale `cecxlis winwklebi~). nasesxebSi ki e fuZiseu-

lia: dekike, meÁve, mezare `saflavi~. WanurSi pirveladi sa-

xelebic bolovdeba, albaT, e-ze, magram igi airia saxelobi-

Ti brunvis e-Si, rogorc qarTuli i (fuZisa) airia saxelo-

biTi brunvis i-Si (Zveli qarT.: grigoli, axali qarT. gri-

gol) da, amdenad, e-ze daboloebuli fuZeebi gadaSenda. sa-

xelobiTi brunvis i/e niSani ise gadahyveba yvela brunvaSi,

rogorc sxva fuZiseuli a, o, u xmovnebi.

i. yifSiZis azriT, (n. mars imeorebs, etyoba, mars qarT.

i<u, raTa semiotikisaTvis daekavSirebina) megrulSi saxelo-

biTi brunvis niSani unda yofiliyo u: u>i. magram dRes

Wirs misi garCeva fuZiseuli u-sgano. mxolod bednier Sem-

Txvevas unda vumadlodeT, rom ficilis formulaSi darCeni-

la saxelobiTi brunvis niSani u: RoronTu-me (RmerTmani,

RmerTi-me), Suru-me, sqani mordu-me (RoronTi `RmerTi~, Su-

ri `suli~, mordu `gazrda~).

Cveni azriT, piriqiTaa: RoronTi-me>RoronTume (m-m la-

bialoba SesZina i-s da u-d aqcia asimilaciis ZaliT).

3) moTxrobiTi brunvis niSania -q megrul-WanurSi.

i. yifSiZe am brunvas eZaxda `nacvalsaxelovan micemiTs~, e.i.

Cans, mas q nacvalsaxelidan momdinared miaCnda, magram ker-

109

Zod saidan, es ara Cans. `nacvalsaxelobiT~ brunvas eZaxda

mas n. maric.

a. Ciqobavas azriT, q ukavSirdeba g-s: e-g-e, i-g-i (Sdr.

aq<ha-q, iq<hi-q). igi man-is (moTx. br.) badalia. TviT qar-

TulSi moTxrobiTi brunvis niSani istoriulad -n aris: ma-

n, vi-n/mu-q, mi-q. qarTulSi n aris qarTuli Tu Semonatania?

4) micemiTi brunvis niSania s, rogorc es qarTulSia.

mosalodneli iyo -S, magram arsad Senaxula micemiTSi -S.

megrulis zugdidur-samurzayanulSi es s>c: koc `kacs~,

xoc `xars~...

iSviaTad aris -as: Zvir-as `Zvirad~, nwar-as `mwared~,

Sxir-as `xSirad~, ef-as `iafad~, Tel-as `cocxlad~. yifSi-

Zis azriT, -as aris arqauli brunvis niSani qarTuli micemi-

Tisa. yifSiZe, albaT, gulisxmobda qarTulis Semdegi saxis

magaliTebs: alagas, adgilas.

5) naTesaobiTi brunvis niSania qarTuli is-is Sesat-

yvisi iS, romelic xmovanfuZianebTan kargavs i-s da rCeba -S.

Toma-S(i), katu-S(i), ¹ude-S(i), koto-S(i), Toma-S(i)<Toma-

iS(i).

TanxmovanfuZian saxelebTan -iS rCeba: koC-iS(i),

xoj-iS(i)...

oRond is kia, rom am iS-is i naTesaobiTis niSnis ele-

mentia, Tu saxelobiTi brunvis i, romelic yvela brunvaSi

gadahyveba, amis garCeva Znelia: koC-i, koC-i-q, koC-i-S(i)

(<*koC-i-iS(i)).

mravlobiT ricxvSi -iS daculia: koC-ef-iS(i). es asea

megrulSi, xolo WanurSi S aris darCenili, fuZis bolo

xmovnis gavleniT iS-is i ikargeba: katu-f-e-S(i) `katebiT~,

koC-ef-e-S(i) `kacebiT~...

SeiZleba naTesaobiTi brunvis niSani daikargos kompo-

zitebSi: zRva-piji (<zRvaS(i) piji) `zRvispiri~, Wubur-xin-

ji `wablisxidi~...

6) mimarTulebiTi, daSorebiTi da daniSnulebiTi brun-

vebi naTesaobiTi brunvis diferenciaciiTaa miRebuli: naT. koC-i-S(i) Jvabu-S(i) `kacisa~, `gombeSosi~

110

daSor. koC-i-S-e(n) Jvabu-S-e(n) `kacidan/isgan~,`gombeSodan/isgan~

mimar. koC-i-S-a Jvabu-S-a `kacisken~, `gombeSosken~

daniSn. koC-i-S-o(T) Jvabu-S-o(T) `kacisTvis~, `gombeSosTvis~

n. marisa da i. yifSiZis azriT, mimarTulebiTi brunva

(koCi-Sa) aris wminda micemiTi brunva qarTuli gaxmovanebiT

(a gaxmovanebiT): koCiSa < *koCiaS (Sdr.: nwaras, Zviras). es

swori araa.

maTive azriT, daSorebiTi brunva (koC-i-Se) aris naTe-

saobiTi brunvis forma Tubal-kainuri gaxmovanebiT (e/i

xmovniT). araa swori esec.

daniSnulebiTi miCneulia marisa da yifSiZis mier meore

micemiT brunvad Tubal-kainuri gaxmovanebiT (qarT. a >

megr.-Wan. o) koC-i-S-o(T)<*koC-i-oS(T). arc esaa swori. nam-

dvilad samive es brunva naTesaobiTi brunvis diferenciiTaa

miRebuli, rasac adasturebs Semdegi:

1) samive brunvaSi saerTo S daboloebiani (naT. br.)

fuZe; 2) nacvalsaxelTa warmoeba:

megruli Wanuri

naT. koC-i-S Cqim Cqim/Sqim

mimarT. koC-i-S-a Cqim-da Cqim-da/Sqimda

daSor.(dawy.) koC-i-S-e Cqim-de Cqimde(n)/Sqimde(n)

daniSn. koC-i-S-oT Cqim-oT _ _ _

asea II piris nacvalsaxeli: sq/kan _ sq/kanda, sq/kande,

sq/kanoT...

v. Tofuriam werilSi `zogierTi brunvis genezisisaT-

vis megrul-WanurSi~, wamoayena mosazreba, rom mimarTulebi-

Ti da daSorebiTi brunvis daboloeba a da e modis nacval-

saxelebSi dacul -da da de/de(n) nawilakisagan:

koCiSa<*koCiSda, koCiSe<*koCiSde(n)

d-s dakargva sazogado saxelebSi fonetikur niadagzea

warmoSobili, megrul-Wanuri gaurbis aqcesiur Sd kom-

111

pleqss (Sdr. Steri>Seri, Strafi>Srafi, dastur>dasuro,

versi(<versti...).

v. Tofuria ar exeba, Tu ra warmoSobisaa TviT

da/de/den.

2) daniSnulebiTi udris naT. br. + gardaqceviTi brun-

vis niSani -oT.

koC-i-S-oT (gardaqc.: koC-oT) da faravs qarTulis

`kac-is-ad~-s. xevsurulSia ase: qmrisad (<qomonjiSoT), gu-

rulSi: imiza<imisda. -ad qarTulis megrul-Wanuri Sesatyvi-

sia -*od>oT (d dayruvda).

7) moqmedebiTi brunvis niSania (i)T(i) megrulSi,

(i)Te/(i)Te(n) WanurSi. a. CiqobavaTi Wanuris (i)Te(n)-is e

qarTulis i-ze migviTiTebs TiTqos (qalaq-iT-i `qalaqad~),

magram maTi igiveobis mtkiceba Znelia. n bolokiduris fun-

qciac araa naTeli, igi ni nawilakis narCeni ar unda iyos.

kerZoobiTi movlenebi brunebaSi:

1) aTinuris arTaSenul TqmaSi moSlilia moTxrobiTi:

avji `monadire~ (=avjiq) mTuTi doilu `monadire(m) daTvi

mokla~; konqSi (=konqSiq) miwu-qi `mezobelma miTxra, rom~...

aseve ikargeba mic. brunvis -s: koCi (=koCis) uwumers

oxorZa `kacs eubneba coli~; Seeri (=Seeris) mu dulÁa gi-Run `qalaqSi ra saqme gaqvs~. moTxrobiTis moSla Wanuris

gramatikuli sistemis rRvevis dawyebas niSnavs.

2) arqabulSi (aTinurSic) mimarTulebiTi brunvisTvis

calke forma araa, samagierod, daSorebiTi or funqcias as-

rulebs, ase rom, arqabuli oxoriSe niSnavs: 1. saxlis-

gan/saxlidan, 2. saxlisken: ma qarmateSe mendafTi `me wisqvi-

lisken (wisqvilSi) wavedi~.

oxoriSe vigzalaTere `saxlisken (saxlSi) wavideT~.

yifSiZis aTinur teqstebSi Ciqobavas SeuniSnavs sapi-

rispiro movlena: daSorebiT brunvad gamoyenebulia mimarTu-

lebiTi:

aTinaSa wukitiSa `aTinidan wukitamdis~;

caSa Tofri julun `cidan Tafli Camodis~;

112

oSkuriSa qojextu `vaSlidan Camovida~.

es imis maCvenebeli unda iyos, rom jer kidev WanurSi

damTavrebuli araa am ori brunvis diferenciacia.

3) yvelaze Taviseburi WanurSi Semdegia: brunvis forma

(daboloeba) daerTvis zmnis pirian formas da TandebulTan

erTad maqvemdebarebeli kavSiris magivrobas eweva:

xoja oxoriSa mexTu-Si, bigaTen dozapes (Ciqobava) =

`xoja saxlSi mivida-s Semdeg joxiT scemes~.

uSqii dofaTxu-Si, mCxuefeq qoWkomes `vaSli rom Camo-

reka, cxvrebma SeWames~;

oxoiSa nitu-Si, qoZiu ar koCi gzas gelaxetu `saxlSi

rom midioda, dainaxa, erTi kaci gzaze ijda~;

mexTu-S-kule qoZiu `rom mivida, dainaxa~.

Sk > Wk xofurSi: doCodinesWkule saebiq uwuqi `rom

daamTavres, patronma uTxra, rom~. ia moxTaSa, haq rta `is

mova-mde aq iyavi~.

zmnis formam SeiZleba dairTos saxelis mravlobiTi

ricxvis -ef formanti.

`man-na giwvi-fe~ doyvi, do dido ko iyven (=giTxar-eb-

i=rac giTxari (ambebi)...).

4) a-ze fuZegaTavebuli saxelebi mravlobiT ricxvSi

aRadgenen fuZiseul Tanxmovan l-s: ja `xe~ _ jal-efi, jima

`Zma~ _ jimal-efi, dRa `dRe~ _ dRal-efi, oxorja `rZali~

_ oxorjalefi, muma `mama~ _ mumalefi...

u-ze daboloebuli ori fuZec asea: Tu `goWi~ _ Tul-

efi, Cxou `Zroxa~ _ Cxoulefi/Cxulefi.

Tandebuliani brunvebi

zanuris Taviseburebas qarTulTan SedarebiT Seadgens

TandebulTa simcire (samagierod, zmniswinebiTaa mdidari!).

sul ramdenime Tandebuli gvaqvs.

naT. brunvas daerTvis WanurSi kala (=`Tan~), oRond

mis win naT. brunvis niSani ikargeba: babakala (<babaS kala)

`mamasTan~, fujikala (<fujiS kala) `ZroxasTan~. es Tande-

113

buli megrulSic gvxvdeba n-wkuma/n-wk¸ma, wkala-s saxiT. n aq

CarTulia, ganviTarebulia, w warmomdgaria naT. brunvis S-

sgan k-s mezoblobaSi (Sdr. moxTu-S-kule<moxTuWkule Wan.),

ase rom, wkala/wk¸ma-s pirveladi saxea igive Wanuri `kala~.

megruli baRanawkume (<baRanaSkuma) `bavSvTan~, rom Sk>wk

(bunebrivi kompleqsebis Seqmnis tendenciiT), amas adastu-

rebs qvemoimeruli: tyiwyen, cecxliwyen (<cecxlisken), ame-

iyvanowye (<ameiyvanosye). (v. Tofuria).

naT. brunvas daerTvis Tandebuli kele WanurSi `ken~.

manZagereS-kele `mezoblisken~, jaSkele `xisken~. SeiZleba

naT. brunvis S daikargos: qÁoqikele (<qÁoqiSkele `Ziris-

ken~), daRikele `tyisken~.

es Tandebuli daSorebiT brunvasac daerTvis: skandeke-

le `Senken~, Cqimdekele `Cemken~. megrulSi mis nacvlad saxe-

lia `gainSe~ (=ken `gaswvriv~), `¹udeS gainSe~ saxlisken...

naTesaobiT brunvas erTvis –sTeri WanurSi (=`viT~,

`Tana~) /a. Ciqobava/. oRond naT. brunvis niSani ikargeba mis

win yovelTvis.

n. maris mixedviT, Tandebulia Teri. swori Cans: -s Se-

iZleba micemiTi brunvis -s iyos, rogorc amas n. mari fiq-

robda. koCi-sTeri (`kaciviT, kacisTana~), WurkisTeri `kar-

dalasaviT~, `kardalis msgavsi~, CqimisTeri `CemisTana~. uf-

ro sworia: koCis-Teri, beres-Teri = `kacsaviT, bavSvsaviT~.

xofuri r-s kargavs: sTeri>sTei: sqanisTei `SensaviT~,

beresTei `bavSvsaviT~...

Wanuris `-sTeri~-is funqciiT megrulSi naxmaria jgu-

ra Tandebuli: daCxirijgura WiTa `cecxliviT wiTeli~; Cqi-

mijgura `CemisTana~. am Tandebulis j warmomdgaria naT.

brunvis S-sgan g-s mezoblobaSi: CqimiSgura>Cqimijgura. Sdr.

gu `hgavs~, qarT. àmis magvari~ (guari `saxe~, `msgavsi~).

megrulSi CvenebiT nacvalsaxelebTan Tandebulad ixmareba

gvari: Tegvari àseTnairi~, àseTi~, Tigvari ìseTnairi~,

ìseTi~.

g. kartoziaTi: S-gur-a (=qarT. gvar<govar), es Ziria:

u-gur-uans àmsgavsebs~, me-gur-af-a `mimsgavseba~. ix. misive,

114

èrTi Tandebulis genezisisaTvis megrulSi~, qarTvelur ena-

Ta struqturis sakiTxebi, II, 1961.

mimarTulebiT brunvas daerTvis -qis (Wan.) // -xi/-x

(megr.)=mde.

gÁari oWkomu’Sa-qis qomoxTu bere `saWmlis Wamamdis

movida bavSvi~. xuT TuTaSa-qis va’Ziri-na, goÁqTi `5 Tvemdis Tu ver naxe, mobrundi~.

megr.: ¹udeSaxi/ ¹udeSax mida¹unu `saxlamde gahyva~.

Te’Sax, ai’Sax vamiCqudu àqamde ar vicodi~. afxazuridanaa -

x `ken~, sa-x `Cemken~. megrulSicaa x ken’is mniSvnelobiT:

Jido-x-Se `zevidan, zeviT-ken-i-dan~, Tudo-x-Se `qvevidan,

qveviT-ken-i-dan~, gowox `SarSan, gasul wels~ (t. gudava,

erTi afxazuri Tandebuli zanurSi, saq. mecn. akademiis moam-

be, VIII-3, 1947).

daSorebiT (gamosvliT) brunvas daerTvis -ni (=`Tvis~).

WanurSi misi darTva aucilebelia daniSnulebiTi brunvis

uqonlobis gamo, mis sakompensaciod: sqaniSe-ni ginon? `Sen-

Tvis ginda~? jumaSeni, bereSeni... `ZmisTvis, bavSvisTvis~.

es Tandebuli megrulSicaa: aTe’Se’-ni giwii àmis-

Tvis/amitom giTxari~, baRanaSe-ni dudi di¹vilu `bavSvisTvis

Tavi moikla~.

megrulSi -ni odnav semasiologiurad gadaxrilia: sqa-

niSeni vuwi-ma `Senze, Sen Sesaxeb vuTxari me~.

Wanuris ni Tandebuliani brunvis nacvlad megruli

specialur brunvas _ daniSnulebiTs iyenebs. Sdr. Wanuri:

aÁa jumaSe-ni minon da megr. ¹ana jimaSoT moko ès ZmisTvis minda~.

Tandebulis mniSvnelobiT ixmareba megruli geSa: iS ge-

Sa, ina didi re `masTan SedarebiT igi didia~. fiqrendu fa-

refiSi geSa _ `fiqrobda fulze~ (i. yifSiZe).

megr. gaamaT `garda~, `nacvlad~: TeS gaamaT àmis nac-

vlad~ (i. yifSiZe).

n. mars WanurSi naT. brunvaze darTul Tandebulad da-

saxelebuli aqvs Tere: Sqimi Tere mixTa (aTin.) `modi Cem-

Tan~.

115

nawilakian saxelTa bruneba

megrul-WanurSi aris nawilaki T(i), romelic qarTuli

c(a)-s ekvivalentad aris miCneuli: kac-i-c, kac-ma-c, kac-s-

ac, kac-is-ac... Sdr. koCi-Ti, koCiq-Ti (Wan.), koCiqiT (megr.),

koCis-Ti (Wan.), kosiTi (megr.), koCiSiTi (megr.-Wan.)...

c/T monacvleoba megrulsa da qarTulSi SeiniSneba: Ti-

kani/cikani, zarmaci/zarmaTi (megr.) (Ciqobava). m. xubuaTi:

cvla/Tirua, gardaiqca/ginirTu. c/T: TviT megrulSi: ociki-

nans/oTikinans, Tingua/cingua, TirTini/circini, Tiki/ciki...

magram ufro safiqrebelia, rom megrul-Wanuri Ti mor-

fologiuri (ara fonetikuri!) Sesatyvisi iyos `igi~ nawila-

kisa (Zv. qarT. ese, ege, igi) romeli-igi, romelman-igi, ro-

melsa-igi... e.i. ese, ege, igi-s badlad megrul-WanurSi iqne-

boda Te, Ti. Te zmnebis I seriaSia SerCenili (e-Te-me-Waruns

`wa-ca-wers~, e-Te-me-dirTu `wa-ca-dgeba~, mo-Te-mo-xvadu

`wa-ca-xvdeba~. yifSiZiT, Ti/ma (=Te-me) usrul aspeqtze miu-

TiTebs, xolo m. xubuaTi, Te=ca: ge-Te-doxodu, wa-ca-jde-

bis~...).

msazRvrel-sazRvrulis urTierToba: brunebis Tvalsaz-

risiT zedsarTavi saxeli da ricxviTi saxeli calke mor-

fologiur kategoriad ar gamoiyofa. arsebiTi saxelis nor-

mebi brunebisa maTzec vrceldeba. magram sxva mdgomareobaa

ori an meti saxelis erTad brunebisas. sazRvruli erTia,

msazRvreli ki ramdenime SeiZleba iyos: msqva, aRne qiTabi

`lamazi, axali wigni~. msazRvreli SeiZleba iyos marTulic:

jimaSi oxori `Zmis saxli~, manZagereS bere `mezoblis bav-

Svi~, oWkomaiS dro `Wamis dro~...

zanurSi msazRvreli Cveulebriv win uswrebs saz-

Rvruls, magram SeiZleba mosdevdes: oxori msqva `saxli la-

mazi~, nana Cqimi `deda Cemi~...

brunebis wesi: Tu msazRvreli win uZRvis sazRvruls,

igi arc brunvaSi da arc ricxvSi ar Seicvleba: manZagereSi

bere, manZagereS bereq, manZagereS beres... aq ise ar icvleba,

116

rogorc marTuli msazRvreli qarTulSi: mezoblis bavSvi,

mezoblis bavSvma, mezoblis bavSvs...

leboni forCa `WuWyiani kaba~, leboni forCaq, leboni

forCas, leboni forCaSi...

didi gza, didi gzaq, didi gzas, didi gzaSi...

aRne ambai àxali ambavi~, aRne ambaiq àxali ambavma~,

aRne ambais àxali ambavs~, aRne ambaiS àxali ambis~...

WiTa uSquri/mWiTa uSqiri `wiTeli vaSli~, WiTa uSqu-

riq `wiTeli vaSlma~, WiTa uSquris `wiTeli vaSlis~...

mravlobiT ricxvSic ucvlelia winamavali msazRvreli:

mWiTa uSqurefi `wiTeli vaSlebi~, mWiTa uSqurenq `wiTeli

vaSlebma~, mWiTa uSqurens `wiTeli vaSlebs~...

qarTulTan SedarebiT, sxvaoba aq isaa, rom winamavali

msazRvreli ucvleli rCeba brunebisas, TanxmovanfuZiani iq-

neba is Tu xmovanfuZiani, maSin, roca qarTulSi mxolod

xmovanfuZiani winamavali msazRvreli rCeba ucvleli brune-

bisas. qarTulSi dawyebuli procesi Wanursa da megrulSi

damTavrebulia.

magram, Tu rigs SevcvliT, msazRvreli ibrunvis (ric-

xvSi ar uTanxmdeba!): xoji didi `xari didi~, xojiq didiq

`xarma didma~, xojis didis `xars dids~, xojiS(i) di-

diS(i)... xojefe didi, xojefeq didiq/ xojenq didiq, xoje-

fes didis/xojens didis... `xaris didis~...

magram SesaZlebelia isic, rom momdevno msazRvrelma

miiRos brunvis niSnebi da sazRvruli ucvleli darCes:

¹ude jaSi `saxli xisa~, ¹ude jaSiq `saxli xisam~,

¹ude jaSis `saxli xisas~, ¹ude jaSiS(i) `saxli xisasi~... ra

Tqma unda, SeiZleba: ¹udeq jaSiq `saxlma xisam~, ¹udes ja-Sis `saxls xisas~... (e. lomTaZe, `msazRvrel-sazRvrulis

urTierToba megrulSi~, iberiul-kavkasiuri enaTmecniereba,

VI, 1954, gv. 227).

asea kompozitebSic: muamuSi (<muma muSi) `mama misi~,

muamuSiq, muamuSis... saerTod kompozitebSi naT. brunvis -iS

ikargeba: ¹udekari `saxlikari~, kidaWi (kidaSWi) `kedliWia~,

cxenwyari `cxenwyali~, dasqua `diSvili~... pijvari `pirjva-

117

ri~, Toliseri `TvalRame~, xemanwyu `xelis Semwyobi~, gur-

saWo `gulsatkeni~, bJaiolu `mzeamosvla~, kamawyari `kamaw-

yali~, aliCqari (<aliSqari) `cecxlis ali~, xeSqaguri

(<xeS Sqaguri) `xelSuaguli~, kuCxmodvai `fexsacmeli~, bi-

Zisqua `biZaSvili~, wakurTxia (<wyalis kurTxeva).

riT aixsneba winamavali msazRvrelis ucvleloba brun-

vasa da ricxvSi? Sinaarsobrivi momentiT: roca msazRvreli

winaa da sazRvruli momdevno, maT Soris kavSiri aSkaraa da

cxadia, radgan msazRvreli sxva sityvas ver daukavSirdeba.

amitom brunebis procesSi aseTi msazRvreli dundeba, kar-

gavs brunvis niSnebs (ukeT rom vTqvaT, ar ibrunvis) _ es

procesi megrul-WanurSi dasrulebulia (qarTulSi dawyebu-

lia: xmovanfuZian msazRvrelebTan...). magram, roca msazRvre-

li mosdevs sazRvruls, aseT dros kavSiri maT Soris ise

naTeli araa, radgan momdevno msazRvreli SeiZleba Semdgom

sityvas miekedlos: oxori aRne manZagereSi re. aq msazRvre-

li `aRne~ `oxoris~ gansazRvravs. magram konteqstSi igi Se-

iZleba `manZagereses~ gansazRvravdes (1. `saxli axali mezob-

lisaa~. 2. `saxli axali mezoblisaa~). rom naTeli iyos,

romels ekuTvnis msazRvreli, amitom igi uTanxmdeba im sa-

xels, romelsac gansazRvravs.

SeniSvna: ori saxeli, `da~ kavSiriT SeerTebuli, Tu

msazRvreli iqneba (jgiri da sqvami oWkomai, `-~ oWkomaiq)

`kargi da lamazi saWmeli, `-~ saWmelma~, arc erTi ar ib-

runvis. Tu isea, maSin meore saxeli ibrunvis: muma do squa

`mama da Svili~, muma do squaq `mama da Svilma~...

118

zedsarTavi saxeli

megrul-WanurSi Tu zedsarTavi saxeli ibrunvis, savse-

biT iseTsave daboloebas miiRebs, rogorsac arsebiTi saxe-

li. 1) zedsarTavi saxeli maSin ibrunvis, Tu igi winadadeba-

Si msazRvrelis rolSi ki ar gamodis, aramed damoukideb-

lad, arsebiTi saxelis mniSvnelobiT:

uCaSi squaq vamkuluu didas, mara ukulaSiq jgiri dRa

oZiru `ufrosma Svilma ar mouara dedas, magram umcrosma

kargi dRe anaxa~.

did baRanas uSquri qimeCes do WiWes _ ¹urZeni `did bavSvs vaSli misces da pataras _ yurZeni~.

2) msazRvrelad gamoyenebuli zedsarTavi saxeli xan

ibrunvis, xan ara: ibrunvis, Tu sazRvruls mosdevs; ubrun-

velia, roca win uswrebs sazRvruls:

WiTa uSquri (megr.)/ mWiTa uSquri (Wan.) `wiTeli vaSli~.

WiTa uSqurq, WiTa uSqurs... e.i. ar ibrunvis `wiTeli

vaSlma, wiTeli vaSls~...

magram: uSquri WiTa, uSqurq WiTaq, uSqurs WiTas `vaS-

li wiTeli, vaSlma wiTelma, vaSls wiTels~.

SeniSvna: roca msazRvreli sazRvruls mosdevs, SesaZ-

lebelia winamavali sazRvruli ubrunveli gaxdes: uSqur

WiTa, uSqur WiTaq, uSqur WiTas.

xarisxis warmoeba: dadebiT xarisxs saerTod ara aqvs mawar-

moebeli. lamazi _ msqva (Wan.)sqvami (megr.) Wkviani _ noseri (Wan.),

Wkveri (megr.)

cxeli _ tuca (Wan.), Cxe (megr.) suleli _ sersemi (Wan.),

suneli (megr.)

patara _ Wita/meliqa (Wan.), WiWe (megr.) Raribi _ Wukara (Wan.),

Raribi (megr.)

didi _ didi (megr.Wan.) mdidari _ zengini (Wan.),

dimdare (megr.)

cudi _ pati (Wan.), glaxa (megr.) naswavli _ kiTxei (Wan.),

nagurefi (megr.)

kargi _ kai (Wan.), jgiri (megr.)

119

SedarebiTi xarisxis1 mawarmoebeli megrulSi aris u

prefiqsi da a-Si (naT. br.) sufiqsi:

did-i `didi~, u-did-a-Si ùdidesi~

WiWe `patara~ u-WiW-a-Si ùpataresi~

ginZe `grZeli~ u-ginZ-a-Si ùgrZelesi~

gamonaklisi: jgiri, magram u-jgu-Si `kargi _ ukeTesi~;

met-i, magram u-mosi `meti _ umetesi~.

WanurSi SedarebiT xarisxs ar awarmoebs morfologiu-

ri sufiqsebi. iq leqsikuri saSualebiT xerxdeba xarisxis

gadmocema, Sesadarebeli sagani upirispirdeba sadarebels:

aia emuSeni didi re (megr. ena TiS udidaSi re) ès

imaze didia (e.i. udidesia)~. WanurSi SedarebiTisa da aRma-

tebiTi xarisxis mniSvnelobas zedsarTav saxels aniWebs

sityvebi: dido `Zalian~ (dido msqva `Zalian lamazi~ =

ulamazesi), daha `Zalze~, ùfro~ (aia emuSeni daha kai re =

`masze ufro kargia~).

TanabrobiTi (=ekvatiuri) xarisxi axasiaTebs mxolod

megruls. igi ar gaaCnia arc Wanurs, arc svanursa da qar-

Tuls. mawarmoebelia ma-_-a: ma-Sxv-a, ma-ginZ-a, ma-sqvam-a:

¹udeS maSxva qua = ise msxvili qva, rogorc saxli: `saxlis

simsxo qva~, bambeS ma-r-Ce-a ZRabi, `bambis siTeTris gogo~.

TanabrobiTi xarisxis mniSvnelobiT qarTulSi gamoyenebulia

zedsarTavi saxelisgan nawarmoebi abstraqtuli saxeli: var-

diS masqvama `vardis silamazis~.

WanurSi TanabrobiTis Sinaarss gadmoscems Sesadarebel

saganze darTuli Tandebulebi: konaÁ, sTeri `viT~, oxoriS-konai(sTeri) mCxu divi `saxliviT msxvili (devi)~, `saxlis

sididis (devi)~, фuqirisTei msqva kulani `yvavilis silama-

zis gogo~.

odesRac Wanursac unda hqonoda TanabrobiTi xarisxi:

mag. mapejana: òTxo kiTiS mapejana ficariSi iqifan baRu

òTxi TiTis sisqis ficris beRels akeTeben~ (Ciqobava, I,

1 b-ni kornelis sxva saleqcio Canawerebis mixedviT, SedarebiTi xarisxi =

ufroobiTs; aseve, megrulSi gamoyofs odnaobiTi xarisxis formas (mo-e/o:

mo-uC-e/o), romelic lazurSi aRweriTad iwarmoeba (SeniSvna m. lomiasi).

120

148, 24). mapejana nawarmoebia pej-i (= `sqeli~) sityvisgan:

ma-pej-an-a (Sdr. ma-Sxv-a) `simsxo~...

mamaCxvara èmuS mamaCxvara~ _ imis simsxo.

arsebiTi saxelisgan nawarmoebi qonebis zedsarTavi sa-

xelebi iwarmoeba -am sufiqsiT megrulSi: farami `fuliani~,

Cilami `coliani~, osurami `qaliani~, kuCxami `fexiani~.

uqonlobas gamoxatavs u-_-e(l): u-kuCx-e ùfexo~, u-

dud-e ùTavo~, u-Cil-e, u-osur-e ùcolo~. asea WanurSic:

u-bab-el-i ùmamo~, u-Rnos-e ù-Wku-o~.

u-_-ur: u-minj-ur-i (asea qarT.: u-gn-ur-i<ugnuri, u-

mad-ur-i) u-xuj-uri...

ix.: g. rogava, zedsarTavi saxelis TanabrobiTi xaris-

xis gaqvavebuli formebi qarTulSi: ike, IX-X. (m-Wl-e, mZime,

mcire, mtkice, mware, mrume m-Wl-e < me-Wl-e // ma-Wkol-a,

me-cire>mcire).

ricxviTi saxeli

raodenobiTi ricxviTi saxelebi:

megruli Wanuri megruli Wanuri

1 arTi arTi/ar 20 eCi eCi/eC

2 Jiri/J¸ri Jur/Ju 21 eCdoarTi eCidoar

3 sumi sum (Sum) 30 eCidoviTi eCidoviT

4 oTxi oTxo 40 JarneCi JureneCi/JurneCi

5 xuTi xuT 50 JarneCidoviTi JureneCdoviT

6 amSvi aSi/anS 60 sumoneCi sumeneCi

7 SqviTi/SkviTi SqiT 70 sumoneCdoviT sumeneCidoviT

8 ruo/bruo ovro 80 oTxoneCi oTxoneCi/oTxeneCi

9 Cxoro Cxoro 100 oSi oSi

10 viTi viTi 200 JiroSi JuroSi

11 viTaarTi vitoar(xof.)

vitvar(v.arq.)

300 sumoSi sumoSi

12 viToJiri vitoJur 400 oTxoSi oTxoSi

13 viTosumi vitosum 1000 aTasi/viToSi SilÁa 2000 JiraTasi Jur SilÁa

121

megruli èrTis~ mniSvnelobiT arT-is gverdiT zog ga-

moTqmaSi naxmaria aka (afxaz. ak¸): aka wuTis èrT wuTs~, aka qomoZiruni èrTi manaxa~.

10-dan 20-mde rTuli ricxviTi saxelebi: 10+do+erTe-

ulebi (1,2,3,4...)

11: viT+do+arTi > viToarTi > viTaarTi

viT-do-ar > viTToar > vitoar (jer asimilacia, Sem-

deg disimilaciuri gamkveTreba). 11-19 aTobiTi Tvlis prin-

cipzea agebuli (saxeli iwarmoeba 10-ze dayrdnobiT).

sxva ki ocobiT sityvazea agebuli, aseTi ricxviTi sa-

xelebi Sereuli tipisaa:

40 _ JarneCi (<Juron-eCi // Jur-en-eCi)

60 _ sum-on-eCi // sum-en-eCi

megr. on da Wan. en sufiqsi Zveli qarTuli me nawila-

kis tolia: sam-me-oci, oTx-me-oci... axal qarTulSi e dakar-

gulia: oTxmoci.

ras aRniSnavs on/en? (qarT. me?). amas svanuri arkvevs:

svanurSi am sufiqsis badalia in, romelic aRniSnavs

`jer~-s: 40 = ur-in-erîeSd, 60 = sem-in-erîeSd (=`samjero-ci~). in = jer: aSxuin èrTjer~. (es sakiTxi garkveulia: v.

Tofurias òcobiTi Tvlis sistemisaTvis qarTvelur eneb-

Si~, Tsu moambe, VI, 1926).

rigobiTi ricxviTi saxelebi megrul-WanurSi iwarmoeba

raodenobiTi ricxviTi saxelebisagan ma-a(n) mawarmoebliT:

ma-_-a (megrulSi), ma-_-an (WanurSi). megrulSi bolo n da-

kargulia:

megruli Wanuri

I ma-arT-a ma-Jur-an-i/maJura

II ma-Jir-a ma-Jur-an-i/maJura

III ma-sum-a ma-sum-an-i/masuma

IV ma-oTx-a ma-oTx-an-i/maoTxa

X ma-viT-a ma-viT-an-i/maviTa

XX ma-eC-a ma-eC-an-i/maeCa

122

WanurSi `pirvelis~ Sesatyvisad aris Turquli `birin-

ji~. megrulSic qarTuli `pirveli~ ixmareba (priveli), `ma-

arTa~ gamoCndeba rTul ricxviT saxelebTan: maviTaarTa, ma-

eCdoarTa, maoTxoneCdoarTa.

wilobiT ricxviT saxelebs megrulSi awarmoebs na _

or / na _ al.

na-sum-ori `mesamedi~ = na-sam-ali, na-oTx-ali, na-xuT-

ari.

naxevars aRniSnavs gverdi: gverdi si da gverdi Sxvas

`naxevari Sen da naxevari sxvas~.

n. mars aRniSnuli aqvs, rom WanurSi -on sufiqsi awar-

moebs rigobiT ricxviT saxelebs: viToaroni `meTerTmete~,

viToJuroni `meTormete~, viTosumoni `mecamete~...

nacvalsaxeli

piris nacvalsaxelebi: ma `me~, si `Sen~, asea megrulsa

da WanurSic, oRond Wanuris Cxalur TqmaSi -n araa dakar-

guli: man, sin (Sdr. mena, Sena).

mr. ricxvSi: megr. Cqi/Cq¸ `Cven~, Tqva `Tqven~. Wan.

Cqu/Cqi, Tqva/Tqvan...

III piris nacvalsaxeli megrulSi aris mu `is~, muq

aris WanurSi.

1 sax. ma/man si/si-n Cqu/Cqun/Cqin Tqva/Tqvan

2 moTx. ma/man si/si-n Cqu/Cqun/Cqin Tqva/Tqvan

3 mic. ma/man si/si-n Cqu/Cqun/Cqin Tqva/Tqvan

4 naT. Cqim/Sqim skan Cqun, Cqin, Squn Tqvan

5 mom. Cqim-da/Sqimda skan-da Cqun-da, Cqin-da Tqvan-da/

Tqvan-da

6 daSor. Cqimde(ne)/

Sqimde(ne)

skan-de(n) Cqun-de(n),

Cqin-de(n)

Tqvaninde/

Tqvande

7 moqm. _ _ _ _

8 daniS. _ _ _ _

9 gardaqc _ _ _ _

123

arsebiTad aseve ibrunvis es nacvalsaxelebi megrulSi.

oRond megrulSi damatebiT daniSnulebiTi brunvaa: CqimoT,

sqanoT, CqinoT, TqvanoT.

III piris nacvalsaxeli

megruli Wanuri

mx. r. mr. r. mx. r. mr. r.

sax. mu ìs~ mu-n-ef-i ìsini~ mu-q ìs~ mu-T-ef-e ìsini~

moTx. mu-q `man~ mu-n-en-q mu-q mu-T-ef-e-q

mic. mu-s mu-n-en-s mu-s mu-T-ef-e-s

naT. mu-S(i) mu-n-ef-iSi mu-S(i) mu-T-ef-e-Si

mimar. mu-Sa mu-n-ef-iSa mu-Sa mu-T-ef-e-Sa

daSor. mu-Se mu-n-ef-iSe mu-Se(n) mu-T-ef-e-Se(n)

moqm. mu-Ti mu-n-ef-iTi mu-Te(n) mu-T-ef-e-Te(n)

daniSn. mu-So(T) mu-n-ef-iSoT _ _

gardaqc. _ [mu-n-ef-o] _ _

mr. ricxvis fuZes darTuli megruli -n da Wanuri -T

erTi da imave morfologiuri Rirebulebis odenoba unda

iyos, oRond sxvadasxva enobrivi fenidan. maTi morfologiu-

ri funqcia da sadauroba garkvevas saWiroebs (a. Ciqobava).

SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom n da T msazRvreli determi-

nanti sufiqsi iyos an msazRvreli nawilaki, Sdr. i-na/T-i-na,

e-n-T-ef-e; ma-n/si-n.

CvenebiTi nacvalsaxeli WanurSi: aÁa, ia < ea (xof.) // haÁa, hea (viwur-arqab)//ham, him (aTin.) = qarT. ès~, ìgi~.

megrulSi CvenebiTi nacvalsaxeli orgvaria: a) sruli:

Tena (ès, eg~), Tina (ìgi~); b) martivi (mokvecili): Tena >

ena/Te/e; Tina > ina/Ti/i.

Te, e da Ti, i megrulSi ufro ixmareba gansazRvrebad

(zedsarTavis saxelSi): Te(e) osuri ès qali~, Ti(i) osuri

ìs qali~.

xolo Tina/ina da Tena/ena damoukideblad ixmareba.

III piris nacvalsaxelis rolSi: Tina ragadans, Waruns

ìs laparakobs, wers~.

garda amisa, megrulSi martivi Ziri a da e daerTvis

rTul nacvalsaxelebs: a+T-e-n-a / e+T-i-n-a.

124

a+Tina ès~, e+Tina èg, igi~.

brunebisas Wanursa da megrulSi CvenebiT nacvalsaxe-

lebs Taviseburebebi axasiaTebs.

WanurSi: mx. r. mr. r.

sax. a-Áa, ha-Áa, ha-m èse~ a-n-T-ef-e, ha-m-T-ef-e / ha-T-ef-e-e /

ha-ni

moTx. a-mu-q, ha-mu-q,

ha-Áa-q a-n-T-ef-e-q, ha-m-T-ef-e-q /

ha-T-ef-e-q / ha-T-e-e-q / ha-n-i-q

mic. a-mu-s, ha-mu-s,

ha-Áa-s a-n-T-ef-e-s, ha-m-T-ef-e-s /

ha-T-ef-e-s...

meore rigisaa CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebi mx. r. mr. r.

sax. i-a, he-a, hi-m ìgi~ e-n-T-ef-e / he-m-T-ef-e, he-T-e-e //

hi-ni

moTx. e-mu-q, he-mu-q,

he-a-q / hi-mu-q

e-n-T-ef-e-q / he-m-T-ef-e-q,

he-T-ef-eq, he-T-e-q/hi-n-iq

mic. e-mu-s, he-mu-s,

he-a-s / hi-mu-s

e-n-T-ef-e-s / he-m-T-ef-e-s,

he-T-ef-e-s / he-T-e-e-s / hi-ni-s

megrulSi:

mx. r. mr. r. sax. a-Te-na, Te-na,

e-na, Te, e èse~

a-T-e-n-ef-i, T-e-n-ef-i, e-n-ef-i,

T-e-n-ef-i, e-n-ef-i

moTx. a_Te-q, Te-q, e-q,

Te-q, e-q

a-T-e-n-en-q, T-e-n-en-q, e-n-en-q,

T-e-n-en-q...

mic. a-Te-s, Te-s, e-s,

Te-s, e-s

a-T-e-n-en-s, T-e-n-en-s...

meore rigisaa mx. r. mr. r.

sax. e-T-i-na, T-i-na, i-na,

Ti, i ìgi~

e-T-i-n-ef-i, T-i-n-ef-i, i-n-ef-i,

T-i-n-ef-i

moTx. e-T-i-q, T-i-q, i-q,

Ti-q, i-q

e-T-i-n-en-q, T-i-n-en-q, i-n-en-q...

mic. e-T-i-s, T-i-s, i-s,

Ti-s, i-s

e-T-i-n-en-s...

125

nacvalsaxeluri Ziria WanurSi a/ha, e, he

megrulSi nacvalsaxeluri Ziria T, qarTuli s da g-s

Sesatyvisi funqciurad.

a-T-e, e-s-e, e-g-e; e-T-i, i-s-i, i-g-i.

kuTvnilebiTi nacvalsaxeli: megrulSi: Cqimi `Cemi~,

sqani/skani `Seni~, muSi `misi~, TeSi/eSi àmisi~, TiSi/iSi

ìmisi~, Cqini `Cveni~, Tqvani `Tqveni~, munefiSi `maTi~, Tene-

fiSi àmaTi~, TinefiSi ìmaTi~. WanurSi: mr. r.

I Cqimi/Sqimi (aTin.) Cquni(viw.), Squni(aTin.), Cqini(xof.)

II skani Tqvani

III muSi, emuSi, hemuSi muTefeSi, enTefeSi, enTefeS

kiTxviTi nacvalsaxeli: megrulSi: min/mini/mi `vin~ da

mu `ra~, na-mu `romeli~.

WanurSi: mi/min, mu/mu-Áa, na-mu.

Wanuri megruli

sax. mi(n), mu/mu-Áa mini / min / mi, mu

moTx. mi-q, muq/mu-Áa-q mi-q, muq

mic. mi-s, mu-s/mu-Áas mi-s, mu-s

naT. mi-Si, mu-Si/mu-Áa-Si mi-Si, mu-Si

mimarT. mi-Sa, mu-Sa/mu-Áa-Sa mi-Sa, mu-Sa

daSor. mi-Se(n), mu-Se(n)/mu-Áa-Se(n) mi-Se, mu-Se

moq. mi-Te(n), mu-Te(n)/mu-Áa-e-n mi-Ti, mu-Ti

daniSn. _ miSoT, muSoT

gardaq. _ mino/moT (<muoT)

megrulSi mu-s `ra~ mravlobiTi ricxvi ara aqvs.

sxva mxriv, mravlobiTi ricxvi trafaretulad ewarmo-

ebaT:

Wanuri megruli

sax. mi-f-e, mu-f-e, nani (aTin.) min-ef-i [mu] namunefi

moTx. mi-f-e-q, mu-f-e-q, na-ni-q min-en-q _ namunenq

mic. mi-f-e-s, mu-f-e-s, na-ni-s min-en-s _ namunens...

126

mravlobiTi ricxvis formebi megrul-WanurSi kiTxviTi

nacvalsaxelebisa iSviaTia, amitom iyo, rom n. mari pirdapir

ambobda: mi, mu-s mravlobiTi ricxvi ara aqvso.

ganusazRvrelobiTi nacvalsaxelebi (gansazRvrebiTi

megr-Si: arZa/arZo, iro, iri-feli) megrulSi rTulia yvela:

miTini (miTine `zogierTi~, yifSiZiT: mi-Ti-ni (`mi~ кто, `Ti~

те, `ni~ чтоб, чтобы).

muTuni (igive daSla), migida (>mid¸ga>midga) mi-gi-da (mi=`vin~, da=d¸/d = Ti/T¸/T, sadac (T) gam-

JRerda g-sTan mezoblobaSi, ga nawevari = qarT. Ra-s, e.i. mi-

gi-da = vi-Ra-ca. ase daiSleba mu-gi-da `raRac~ migdareni

(<mi-gi-da-re-ni) `viRac~.

zmna

piris kategoria. zanurSic qarTuliviT zmna SeiZleba

iyos erTpiriani, orpiriani da sampiriani. aqedan realurad

mxolod ori piris aRniSvna xdeba zmnaSi (afiqsebiT), mesame

(obieqti) potenciuradaa gadmocemuli (vuWarunq ma Tis we-

rils `vuwer me mas werils~).

I subieqturi piris niSani megrulsa da WanurSi aris

v: vore (Wan.), voreq (megr.) `var~, virCqieq `vismen~, viwker

(Wan.) `viyurebi~, vifxor (Wan.) `vWam~, vibonq (megr.) `vi-

ban~...

v- S1 niSnad daculia xmovnebis win yvelgan megrulSi

da Wanuris xofur-aTinurSi. S1 niSnad Tanxmovnebis win meg-

rulSi aris b (bWarunq, bragadanq... magram senakurSia v: vWa-

runq `vwer~, vragadanq `vlaparakob~), b aris xmovnebis win

viwur-arqabulSi: b-ore `var~, bimxor `vWam~, bimgar `vtiri~,

biwker `vxedav, viyurebi~...

S1 v-s sxvadasxva Tanxmovnebis win sxvadasxva kiloSi

enacvleba b, p, f, m:

b: (mJRerTa win): bgoruf `veZeb~, bRurur `vlapara-

kob~, bRaRalaf `vkvdebi~, dobdgiTi `gavCerdi~.

127

megr. bragadanq `vlaparakob~, bgurafuenq `vswavlob~,

bgorunq `veZeb~...

p: (yru mkveTrebis win): pkorobunq `vagroveb~, ptkva-

runq `vtkver~, ptibuq `vTbebi~, pwirunq `vwurav~, pilunq

(<pyvilunq) `vklav~. Wan: pyorof `vuyvarvar~, pWofi àviRe~,

pwiluf `vkref~, pyviluf `vklav~...

f: (yru fSvinvierTa win): fTiranq `vcvli~, fTasunq

`vTesav~, fqunq `vfqvav~, fxaCqunq `vToxni~, fxonunq `vxnav~,

fsxapunq `vcekvav~ (aq x-s gavleniTaa f). Wan: fxer `vzivar~,

dofxomi `gavxmi~, fsqiduf `vrCebi~...

m: (cxvirismierTa win): mnaxunq `vrecxav~, mnatrunenq

`vnatrulob~, dimgari (<dimngari<ngara) `davitire~...

Wan: gomwki (<gomnwki<gonwkimu) `gavxseni~, domcorum

`gavcri~ (Sdr. oncoru) `cra~. megrulSi, zugd.-samurzaya-

nulSi S1 prefiqsi gadaismis SuaSi i-s adgilze: imgarq (<im-

ngarq `ngar~) `vtiri~, Sdr. vingarq (senak.), ibabdebuq, Sdr.

vibadebuq `vibadebi~, ibWaruuq (Sdr. viWaruuq) `viwerebi~...

S1-is niSani ikargeba u-sa da bagismier TanxmovanTa (b,

f, p) win: duWari (<dovuWari) `davuwere~, duZaxi (dovuZa-

xi) `davuZaxe~, dobergi (<dovbergi) `gavToxne~, bargunq

`vmarglav~, bonq (vbonq) `vban~.

II subieqturi piris niSani arc megruls da arc Wa-

nurs ara aqvs. ar iyo swori i. yifSiZe, roca S2 niSnad meg-

rulSi q-s miiCnevda: ore-q `xar~, Warun-q `wer~, aqedan I

pirSic aris analogiiT gadmosulio.

III subieqturi piris niSnebia: -s, -n, -u. aqedan s igive

qarTuli s aris: Waruns `wers~, kvaTuns `kveTs~, n TviTon

megrul-Wanuri fenisa unda iyos: ore-n àris~, xen `zis~,

iWarun ìwereba~, Wan: iSqviden ìxrCoba~, tibun `Tbeba~.

e.i. s naxmaria awmyoSi gardamaval zmnebTan, xolo yve-

la zmnasTan kavSirebiTebis (I, II, III) formebTan.

n naxmaria gardauval zmnebTan (vn., saS.).

u naxmaria wyvetilSi yvela zmnasTan: doWaru `dawe-

ra~, doRuru `mokvda~ da uwyvetelSi: Warundu, Rurudu...

128

SeniSvna: megrulSi S1 da S2 formebTan aris sufiqsi q,

romelsac a. cagareli da i. yifSiZe miiCnevdnen S2 niSnad,

qarTuli x, h-s badalad, romelsac adgili ucvlia, boloSi

gadmosula da analogiiT I pirSic gadasulao. a. Ciqobavam -q

daukavSira svanur -x-s: x-u-ar-i, x-ar-i `var, xar~. q I pir-

Sic iseTive kanonieri monacemi unda iyos, rogorc svanurSi

x. analogia araao. oRond qarTulSi x S2 niSania, aq rogor-

Raa is orive pirSi? q-s -r Seesatyviseba WanurSi. piris ni-

Sani q ara Cans.

I-II pirSi megr. q = Wan. r-s; bRur-u-r `vkvdebi~, ptub-

u-r `vTbebi~, vul-u-r `mivdivar~, f-xe-r `vzivar~, viWve-r

`viwvi~. morfologiurad q=r.

q. lomTaTiZis varaudiT, r da q meSveli zmnis funqci-

iTaa naxmario (Sdr.: ax. qarTuli vzivar, zixar, zis). meSve-

li zmnebi pirvelad unda darTvoda mdgomareobis gamomxat-

vel, statikur zmnebs (vzivar, vdgevar, vwer), meSveli zmna

qarTulTan erTad svanurmac gaiCina: skur-xîi `vzivar~ (Sdr. zemosvanuri: sgui `vzi~). magram megrulsa da WanurSi meSve-

li zmnebi ar gasCeniaT saSuali gvaris zmnebs, imitom rom

am funqciiT erTxel ukve iyo darTuli r da q. r unda mo-

diodes oren/ren àris~ zmnisagan gacveTis Semdeg. igive

odenobaa myofadis sufiqsi ere (<ore): bzumare/bzumaTere.

sworia n. mari, roca wers: bzumare = àris rom gavzomo~.

xolo megruli q unda iyos dadasturebiTi nawilaki

qo, e.i. meSvel zmnad daerTvoda qo nawilakiani òren~, e.i.

qoren, romelmac gacveTiT q mogvca.

amis siswores amtkicebs I TurmeobiTis warmoeba, sadac

qarTuli meSveli zmnis fardad q aris megrulSi, ere _ Wa-

nurSi:

129

megruli Wanuri

`momkvdarvar~ dobRureleq dabRureleren

`Cavuwerivar~ qenuWaruq govoWkandere `davviwyebivar~

`mjdarvar~ qinovxveq dobxerere

`gamTbarvar~ govtibafeq govtibere

(ix. q. lomTaTiZe, q sufiqsisaTvis megrul zmnebSi: ike,

I).

2) S3 -s niSani zugdidur-samurzayanulSi c-Si gadadis:

Warunc `wers~, Wunc `wvavs~...

3) S3 niSani n megrulSi mxolobiT ricxvSi aRdgeba,

Tu xmovani mosdevs: reno àriso~, xeno `ziso~...

subieqturi piri mravlobiT ricxvSi igivea, rac mxo-

lobiT ricxvSi, oRond -T daerTvis: fxeT `vsxedvarT~, vWa-

runT `vwerT~, voreT `varT~...

S3 niSani mravlobiT ricxvSi megrul-WanurSi aris -an

da -es.

-es S3 niSnad (mr. r.) maSinaa, Tu mxolobiTSi S3 niSani

aris u, xolo sxva SemTxvevaSi (n, s = S3) aris -an.

-es: Warundes (Warundu) `werdnen~, doRures (doRuru)

`mokvdnen~, xedu _ doxodes ìjda _ dasxdnen~, doWares

(doWaru) `daweres~...

-an: re-n-an àrian~, xe-n-an `sxedan~, Waru-n-an `weren~...

e.i. S3 niSani mxolobiTi ricxvisa -n mravlobiT ricxvSic

gadahyveba.

obieqturi piris niSnebi I da II pirSi igivea, rac qar-

TulSi: m (I pirSi), g (II pirSi), xolo III piris obieqturi

niSani megrul-Wanurs ar daucavs. mlanZRuns `mlanZRavs~,

mkiTxums (man hemuq) `mekiTxeba (me is)~, motibuans `maT-

bobs~... lanZRuns `lanZRavs~, gkiTxums (megr. rkiTxens)

`gkiTxavs~, gotibuans `gaTbobs~...

II piris 0-is niSani g- megrulSi gadadis r-Si Tanxmov-

nebis win: rxuns `xvrets~, r¹viluns `gklavs~, rWaruns

`gwers~, rxantuns `gxatavs~..., sxvagan g- daculia.

130

I-II obieqturi piris mravlobiToba aRiniSneba S3 mrav-

lobiTi ricxvis niSnebiT -an, -es, -iT (-es, Tu mxolobiTSi

-u iyo; -an Tu mxolobiTSi iyo -n, -s).

an: ma mxantuns-Cqi mxantunan, Tqva rxantunan `me mxa-

tavs _ Cven gvxataven, Tqven gxataven~...

es: ma domxantu-Cqi domxantes, Tqva dorxantes `me dam-

xata _ Cven dagvxates, Tqven dagxates~...

asea inversiul zmnebTan.

m-iRu-(n) (ma) `maqvs~ _ m-iRu-n-an (Cqi)

g-iRu-(n) `gaqvs~ _ g-iRu-n-an

m-jogu-n (ma) `mZags~ _ mjogunan (Cqi)

rjogu `gZuls~ _ rjogunan

gimajogu (ma) `SemZulda~ _ gimajoges (Cqi)

gigajogu `SegZulda~ _ gigajoges

magram, Tu subiqti mravlobiT ricxvSia, -an, -es sufiq-

sebi am subieqtis mravlobiTobas aRniSnavs da am dros obi-

eqtis mravlobiToba aRuniSvneli rCeba:

Sdr.: r-xantunan Tqva Tina `gxatavT Tqven is~, dorxan-

tes Tqva Tiq `dagxataT Tqven man~ (aq mr. r-Si obieqtia).

magram: r-xantunan Tqva Tinefi `gxataven Tqven isini~,

dorxantes Tqva Tinenq `dagxates Tqven maT~ (aq mr. r-Si su-

bieqtia).

ase rom: pirdapiri wyobis zmnebTan 03-is mravlobiToba

ar aRiniSneba, xolo 01 da 02-is mravlobiToba aRiniSneba

mxolod maSin, Tu zmnis subieqti ar aris mr. ricxvSi (Tu

mxolobiTSia).

dro da kilo

dro megrul-WanurSic samia: awmyo, warsuli, momavali.

awmyos fuZes emyareba I seriis mwkrivebi. awmyos fuZe

rTulia, dairTavs Temis niSnebs. es niSnebi Semdegia:

megrulSi: -un: vWarunq `~vwer, vSunq `vsvam~, vTasunq

`vTesav~, vWofunq `viWer~, pilunq `vklav~, vxantunq `vxa-

tav~. es sufiqsi yvelaze aqtiuria megrulSi.

131

-an: vocqvanq `vaqeb~, vogoranq `gagineb~, vorguanq

`vrgav~, vojRananq `vejRanebi~, vofunuanq `vaduReb~, vrkianq

`vkivi~.

-en: vakeTenq `vakeTeb~, vawuxenq `vawuxeb~, varigenq `va-

rigeb~, vaxerxenq `vaxerxeb~, vauCarenq `vaSaveb~, vaSenenq `va-

Seneb~...

aq –en yvelgan qarTul -eb-s udris da misi saxecvlaa:

eb>ef>em>en.

-in: (iSviaTia, ufro myofadis wreSia): fTxiinq

`vTxov~, r¹viinq `(mo)gklav~.

WanurSi: um/uf; am/af. minan (viwur-arqab., aTin.), if

(xofuri): um/uf: Sums/Sufs `svams~, kvaTums/kvaTufs `Wris,

kveTs~, ¹vilums/yvilufs `klavs~.

if (<uf) –xof. iqifs `gaakeTebs~, gedgifs `dadgams~.

am/af: orgams/orgafs `rgavs~, ogzams/ogzafs `anTebs~; -

ef: iCaliSefs `muSaobs~.

om: iqoms `akeTebs~, of: vZirof `vxedav~, vyorof

`vyvarob~.

warsulis specialuri mawarmoebeli ara aqvs, fuZe mar-

tivia. ix. mwkrivebTan. myofadis warmoeba ki arsebiTad gan-

sxvavdeba megrulsa da WanurSi. megrulSi myofadis sawarmo-

eblad -q aris gamoyenebuli awmyos fuZeze darTviT (vWarunq

`vwer~ _ dovWarunq `davwer~), maSin roca WanurSi myofadi

iwarmoeba kavSirebiTi II-sgan ere (re, e-s darTviT (viwur-

arqab. aTin.) an minon meSveli zmniT (xofurSi): bWarare, Wa-

rare, Warasere, bWaraTere, WaraTere, Waranere. an bWaraminon,

Waraginon, Warasunon, bWaraminonan, Waraginonan, Warasunonan.

dawvrilebiT ix. mwkrivebTan.

kilo oTxia megrul-WanurSi: TxrobiTi, kavSirebiTi,

pirobiTi, brZanebiTi.

TxrobiTi kilo: vWarunq `vwer~, dovWari `davwer~, vi-

qif `vakeTeb~...

kavSirebiT kolos awarmoebs –a: pWarufta `vwerde~ (I

kavS.), pWara `vwero~ (II kavS.), bWarelereta `damewera~ (III

kavS.), mizimudas `gamezomos~ (IV kavS.).

132

pirobiT kilos awarmoebs –kon (<okon ùnda~): pWarup-

tikon (pir. I), vWarundiko(n), bWarikon (pir. II) `rom mewe-

ra, rom damewera~.

brZanebiT kilos qarTulis msgavsad sakuTari forma

ara aqvs: dadebiTi brZanebiTi iyenebs TxrobiT kilos (wyve-

tils) II pirisaTvis (doWari! qoTqvii!) an kavSirebiT (II

kavS.) kilos III pirisaTvis (doWaras!). Tu zmnas wyvetili

ar ewarmoeba, dadebiTi brZanebiTi uwyvetels iyenebs: qor-

tas/qordas! ìyos!~

uaryofiT brZanebiTs nawilaki daerTvis. WanurSi mo

(awmyosTan): moyuaf `nu mogyavs!~, mo ogzaf `nu agzneb!~,

megrulSia _ nu (ni/n¸): niWarunq `nu wer!~, niragadanq `nu laparakob!~, nikiTxenq (<nuikiTxenq) `nu kiTxulob!~... es ak-

rZalviTi brZanebiTia.

va nawilaki ixmareba kavSirebiT II-sTan erTad: va Wara

àr wero!~, va’morTa àr moxvide!~... brZanebiT kilosTan va

uaryofiTi nawilaki WanurSi ar ixmareba, ise _ ki.

gardamavloba: qarTvelur enebSi subieqtisa da obieq-

tis brunva damokidebulia or faqtorze: 1) rogoria zmna,

gardamavali Tu gardauvali; 2) ra droa.

Wanurs axasiaTebs: Tu zmna gardamavalia, qvemdebare

yvela mwkrivSi (seriaSi) moTxrobiT brunvaSia, pirdapiri

damateba _ yvelgan saxelobiTSi: avjiq mkÁafu ¹vilums _ av-

jiq mkÁafu do¹ilu _ avjiq mkÁafu do¹iludoren `monadire

(monadirem) turas (tura) klavs _ monadirem tura mokla _

monadires (monadirem) tura mouklavs~.

gardauval zmnebTan subieqti yovelTvis saxelobiTSia,

iribi obieqti _ micemiTSi (qarTuliviT): koCi Rurun `kaci

kvdeba~, koCi doRuru `kaci mokvda~, koCi doRurudoren `ka-

ci momkvdara~; orpiriani gardauvali zmna: emus bere uyouns

`mas bavSvi hyavs~, emus bere uyounteren `mas bavSvi hyolia~,

hemus baba uRurun `mas mama ukvdeba~... hemus baba duRuru

`mas mama moukvda~, hemus baba duRurudoren `mas mama mok-

133

vdomia~, emus Ti Wufs `mas Tavi tkiva~ emus Ti dvaWu `mas

Tavi atkivda~, emus Ti dvaWeren `mas Tavi atkivebia~.

megruls axasiaTebs: II seriis mwkrivebTan qvemdebare

yovelTvis moTxrobiTSia, iqneba is gardamavali Tu gardau-

vali: koCi iSerebu _ koCq geSeru _ koCi gaSerebe `kaci

Sterdeba _ kaci gaSterda, kaci gaSterebula~. e.i. megruli

ugulebelyofs gardamavloba-gardauvalobas brunebisas, xo-

lo Wanuri _ serias (dros, mwkrivebs).

gurulsa da qvemoimerulSi aris: man mokvda, man movi-

da. es, albaT, megrulis gavlenaa. a. Ciqobava: cxadia, meg-

ruls miuZRvis amaSi brali.

aspeqti. zmniswinebis ori rigi

aspeqts (sruls) awarmoebs preverbebi. preverbebi aspeq-

tis garda awarmoeben mimarTebas (gezs) da dros (megrulSi

myofadi preverbebiT iwarmoeba, WanurSi _ sxva saSualebiT

(ere, minon), magram WanurSi zmniswinebic gadmoscemen myofa-

dis Sinaarss: mendavulur `waval~, gowavumer `gamovarTmev~,

gebdumer `davdeb~. mimarTulebas (gezs) aRniSnavs preverbi

moZraobis aRmniSvnel zmnebTan: e-xTu àmovida~, ge-xTu `Ca-

movida~, gama-xTu `gamovida~, menda-xTu `wavida~...

sruli aspeqtis gamomxatvelad preverbebi gamoyenebu-

lia wyvetilSi, kavSirebiT II-sa da III seriis mwkrivebSi:

doWaru `dawera~, gonwku `gaxsna~...

Sedgenilobis mixedviT preverbebi orgvaria: martivi da

rTuli.

martivi preverbebia WanurSi:

e-: e-xTu, Áe: Áezdu àiRo, qÁeWofu àiRo-iyida~, qei-selu ìdga~.

me-: me-voWiSi `mivaRwie~, me-ptkoCi `vesrole~, mevokva-

Ti `movWeri~.

mo-: qomomCu `momca~, mo-xTu `movida~, mo-wku `mox-

sna~...

134

ge-: gexTu `Camoxda~, getkoCu `gadaagdo~, gexedi ìje-

qi~.

go-: gonwku `gaxsna~, guiqTu (<goiqTu) `gabrunda~, gu-

lun (<goulun) `gavida~.

do-: dobWai `davwere~, dovogui `vaswavle~, doRuru

`mokvda~, doxedi! `dajeqi!~..

o-: oWkumu `SeWama~, ofuTxu `gafrinda~, ofSvi `Sev-

svi~, opWofi `daviWire, aviRe~...

rTuli preverbebi WanurSi miiReba martiv preverbebze

nawilakebis darTviT. es nawilakebia: ka, ko, wa/we, Sa, Se,

la/lo, da, ma, mo, Jo.

ase rom: e+ka, e+we, e+Se, ela, ele, e+ma, e+mo...

me+ka, me+wa, me+Sa, me+la, me+da...

mo+ko, mo+Sa...

e _ preverbi aRniSnavs moZraobas qvevidan zeviT;

me _ aqedan iqiT moZraobas (maSorebeli);

mo _ iqidan aqeT (maaxloebeli);

ge _ zevidan qveviT;

go _ mimosvlis (mi-mo);

do _ Zirs moZraobas an (aspeqts), aseve, aspeqts o aR-

niSnavs.

rTul preverbebs arsebiTad igive mniSvneloba aqvs, rac

martiv zmniswinebs, oRond danarT preverbs Tu nawilaks da-

matebiTi niuansi Seaqvs SinaarsSi; -wa-/-we _ aRniSnavs qveS,

qvemoTken, -la- _ gverdiT, napiras, Sa _ SigniT, Ja(Jo)_ ze-

viT da a.S.

e+ka: koCi ekaWiSu melis. ekikidu (<ekaikidu) onjire

àikida~ logini...

e+we/ewa: qewudgu (<qewaudgu<qoewaudgu) `win daud-

ga~, ewurCu (<ewaurCu) `win daufina~.

e+Sa/eSe: qeSaxTu àmovida~, eSafuTxu àmofrinda~,

eSimenan àmoiReben~ (<eSa-menon).

aTinurSi: eSka: eSkaxTu àmovida~, qeSkiRu àmoiRo~...

e+la/ele: gel, elaxedi do iwketi `mijeqi da iyure~,

elukapun àxteba~, eliwku kama àmoiRo xmali~.

135

me+ka: mekaxTu `gadavida~, `gauara~.

me+wa: mewukapu cxeniSen `miqveSxta~ _ Camoxta cxeni-

dan.

me+Sa: qomeSaxedu `miSigjda~, qomeSadu `mi~ SigniT-da-

do~.

me+da: medaulur `waval~, mendaviRa `waviRo~... menda-

vi¹ona `waviyvano~. -da aq qarT. da- preverbia. me+Ja/meJo: meJoCu `mizesca~=dawyevla~.

mo+ka: qomokavTi `gadmovedi~, mokudgin (<mokaudgin),

`aqeT ukan dgas~.

mo+Sa: moSalu `Semovarda~.

mo+la/molo: moloxe (<molaoxe) `Sig zis~

mo+Ja/moJe: bergi moJadvalei `Toxi mxarze gadebuli~

go+wa/gowo: qogowokides `Camkides~, qaguwuRu `gamoar-

Tva~.

go+Sa: goSatkuCu `gaSigtyorcna~, qogoSimenan `Signi-

dan gamoiReben~.

go+la/golo: goluWqadun `miWedili aqvs mkerdze~,

qogolinjiru `gawva~...

ge+wa/gewe: gewe-biwkedi `win Cavixede~.

ge+Sa: qogeSadgu. jas geSaxedes `xeze isxdnen~

ge+la: geladgitu `Camomdgariyo~, gelafxeti `Camom-

jdarviyavi~.

ge+Jo: qogeJobdgi `ze davadgi~.

do+la/dolo: qodoloxTes `Cavidnen~, qodololu `Ca-

vida~, dolotkaCu...

o+ko: okikaTes, okakides `waekidnen~, okonaRuru `gu-

li wauvida~.

o+xo: oxomawonu `mivxvdi, gavige~, oxuSqu `miuSva~.

a+ma: amavulur `Semoval~, amaxTu `Sevida~.

ga+ma: gamaxTu `gamovida~, gamabCi `gavyide~.

qarTulidan Cans SeTvisebuli Se- preverbi: Seginaxami-

non `Seginaxav~, qoSignu `gaigona~.

WanurSi aRsaniSnavia `me- preverbis xmareba: me- pre-

verbs II da III pirebSi (e.i. xmovnebis win!) n enacvleba:

136

man mevutali `me mivuSvi~, sin nutali `Sen miuSvi~,

emeq nutalu ìman miuSva~.

ma mevulur `me mivdivar~, sin nulur `Sen midixar~, ia

nulun ìs midis~.

TiTqos me-s n-Ti Secvla fonetikur garemoSi xdeba

(xmovnebis win), magram fonetikuri mizezi ar unda iyos. ase

rom iyos, mo-sac unda moeca n, magram ase araa: movulur,

mulur, mulun... n sxva preverbia, me-s toli funqciiT, ro-

melic afxazuridan unda iyos SeTvisebuli (a. Ciqobava).

preverbebi megrulSi arsebiTad iseTivea, rogoric Wa-

nurSi.

martivi preverbebia:

e: e-ula àmosvla~, e-Wofu àReba~, e- ¹onafa àyvana~, e-sxapua àmoxtoma~, erCqina `gaCena~;

me: me-ula `misvla~, meWarua `miwera~, me-jRona `miZ-

Rvna~, me-Rala `migzavna~, me-jina `mixedva~;

mo: mo-Warua `mowera~, mo-kaTafa `movardna~, mo-Wanafa

`mowveva~, mo-rTu `movida~;

ge: ge-dguma `dadgma~, ge-xuna `dajdoma~, ge-Txorua

`daTxra/amoTxra~, ge-sxapua `daxtoma~;

go: go-jina `gaxedva~, go-nwyuma `gaxsna~, go-teba `gaS-

veba~, go-ragadua `galaparakeba~, go-sxapua `gaxtoma~;

ga: ga-Teba `gaTaveba~, ga-keTeba `gakeTeba~, ga-Cereba

`gaCereba~, ga-Wyordu `daaviwyda~;

do: do-jira `dawola~, do-rCafa `dafena~, do-lafa

`davardna~, do-nwyuma `dawyoba~;

o: ovWofi/opWofi `daviWire~;

Se: Sefxvadi `Sevxvdi~, Severigi `Sevurigdi~;

wa: warTu `gafuWda~;

a: axvadu `xvdeba~, qaZiru (<qoaZiru) ànaxa~, qaatu

(<qoatu) `dautova/Seatova~.

rTuli zmniswinebis II komponentad megrulSi gvaqvs

Wanurisebri: la, ko, wo, Sa, da, mo. megruls aklia Ja, Jo,

o-xo. samagierod, megrulSi metia To (miTo, giTo, eTo) da

no (mino, gino, dino).

137

rTuli preverbebi megrulSi:

jer specialuri To, no elementi vnaxoT:

mi+To: miToxe `zis (Sig)~, miTaaTu `Seagdo (Sig)~, mi-

TaTxoru `Camarxa~...

gi+To: giTorTu `gamovida~, giToTxoru `gamoTxara~,

giTosxapu `gamoxta~...

e+To: qeToTxoru àmoTxara~, eTajinu àmoxeda~, eTar-

Cqiu `(amo)usmina~...

gi+no: ginosxapua `gadaxtoma~, ginorCqia `gadasmena

(gadayuradeba)~, gino¹oTama `gadagdeba~... di+no: dino¹oTama `Cagdeba~, dinoxuna `Cajdoma~, di-

norZama `CanTeba (Cagzneba)~...

mi+no: minonwyuma `moxsna (zevidan)~, minoxuna `Sejdo-

ma~, minokaTafa `Sevardna~, minojina `Sig Sexedva~...

sxva rTuli preverbebia:

ako/iko/oko: akoSayarua `Seyra/Segroveba (erTad)~, iko-

Teba `damTavreba~, okokirua `Sekvra~;

ala: alaxuna `mijdoma (gverdiT)~, alasxapua `xtoma

(gverdiT)~, alaWkadua `SeWedva (gverdiT)~;

aSa: aSula (<aSaula) àsvla~, aSajina `Caxedva~;

awo: awokirua `Sekvra (win)~, awoxvalama `Sexvedra

(win)~, awarCqia `mosmena (win)~;

gila: gila¹oTama `gadmogdeba (zevidan)~, gilasxapua

`Camoxtoma (zevidan)~, gilanwyuma `Camoxsna~;

gima: gimasxapua `gamoxtoma~, gimanTirua `gadmoTreva~,

gima¹oTama `gamogdeba~; gimo: gimula (<gimoula) `gamosvla~, gimo¹oTama `ga-

mogdeba~;

giSa: giSasxunua `gamorCeva~, giSaWofua `gamoWera~, gi-

SaWarua `gamowera~;

giwo: giwoRala `gamorTmeva~;

diko: dikula (<dikoula) `Casvla~, dikosxapua `Cax-

toma~;

138

diSa: diSajira `Cawola~, diSasxapua `Caxtoma~, diSa-

ragvafi `Canarcxeba~;

eko/iko: ekoula/ikoula àmosvla~, eko¹oTama àmogde-ba~;

ela/ila: elanjira `miwola (gverdiT)~, elasxapua

`mixtoma (gverdiT)~, elanwyuma `moxsna (gverdiT)~;

eSa/iSa: eSaRobua `gadaRobva (amoRobva)~, iSaqosua

àmowmenda~;

kila/kela: kiladguma `Semodeba/Semodgma~, kilarRvafa

`dayra/gamoyra~;

kino: kinojina `gamoxedva~, kinoragadi `gamolaparakeba

(ukan moxedviT)~;

mida: mida¹unu `mihyva~, midaCqu `miagzavna~, midarTu

`wavida~;

miko/muko: mikonjira `miwola~, mukoxakafi `mikakuneba~,

mikonWafa `miRweva~;

miSa: miSaWala `Cakerva~, miSarRvafa `Cayra~, miSa¹oTama `Cagdeba~.

mola: molarTu `wamovida~, molanTiru `moaTria~, mo-

lazindu `mozida/moWima~;

mina/mini: minarTu `(mimo)udis~, mininwyu `(mimo)ixsna~,

minirCqiu `(mimo)ismina~;

wimo: wimodirTu `wamodga~, wimojina `wamoxedva~, wi-

mo¹oTama `wamogdeba~; megrul-Wanuri rTuli preverbebis meore komponentebi:

la, wa, ka, xo, To, no ucxoa qarTulisaTvis.

zanuri mdidaria preverbebiT, radgan TandebulebiT Ra-

ribia, preverbebi sakompensacio saxeobaa Tandebulebisa.

preverbiseuli xmovnis asimilaciis Sesaxeb ix. gv.63-64.

139

gvari

gvari samia megrul-WanurSi: moqmedebiTi (yvela garda-

mavali zmna), vnebiTi da saSuali (gardauvali zmnebi), aqedan

saSuali gvaris zmnebs mawarmoebeli ara aqvs.

vnebiTi gvaris zmnebs WanurSi afiqsebi awarmoebs. es

afiqsebia awmyoSi: -u (sufiqsi), i_e (afiqsi), a_e (afiqsi).

-u: sqid-u-n, Rur-u-n, xom-u-n, tub-u-n (Zv. qarT.: rCe-

bis, kvdebis, xmebis, Tbebis);

i_e: i-Sv-e-n ìsmeva~, i-Wkom-e-n ìWmeva~, i-xaCq-e-n

ìToxneba~, i-wil-e-n ìkrifeba~;

a_e: a-Sv-e-n èsmeva~, a-Wkom-e-n èWmeva~, a-xaCq-e-n

èToxneba~, a-wil-e-n èkrifeba~.

naSTis saxiT WanurSi aris –d sufiqsic: gomoWkon-d-u-

n `damaviwydeba~, moRor-d-u `motyuvda~, momwon-d-u-n `mo-

wons~.

II seriaSi vnebiTis sufiqsebi ar gadahyveba, marto pre-

fiqsebi rCeba: dofsqidi `davrCi~, dobRuri `movkvdi~, iWko-

mu `SeiWama~, aSu `daelia (sma)~, aWkomu `SeeWama~.

i-e da a-e warmoebis vnebiTebs potencialisis Sinaarsi

aqvs, I gamoxatavs ganyenebulad aRebul SesaZleblobas (SeiZ-

leba Seisvas, SeiWamos), II ki SesaZleblobas garkveul pi-

rebTan mimarTebiT (SeuZlia Sesvas...)

WanurSi saSuali gvaris zmnebs mawarmoebeli ara aqvs:

xen `zis~, oren àris~, mendaxTu `wavida~, joxons `hqvia~,

minon `minda~.

megrulSic aris Wanuriseburi warmoeba vnebiTebisa:

u: ti-b-u(n) `Tbeba~, Rur-u(n) `kvdeba~, furu(n) `xur-

deba~, janu(n) `wevs~;

i-e: iWare, ikiTxire, iWkire, iSve, igore `SeiZleba (da-

iweros, wakiTxul iqnes, daiWras, Seisvas, moiZebnos)~;

a-e: aWare, akiTxire, aWkire, aSve, agore `SeuZlia (da-

weros, waikiTxos, daWras, Sesvas, moZebnos)~.

140

Wanuris msgavsad i-e da a-e tipis vnebiTs megrulSi

potencialisis mniSvneloba aqvs, magram, Wanurisgan gansxva-

vebiT, megrulSi vnebiTis warmoebis axali tipic gvaqvs:

i-u: iWarä(n) ìwereba~, iWkiru(n) ìWreba~, iSumu(n)

ìsmeva~, igoru(n) ìZebneba~;

a-u: aWaru(n) èwereba~, aWkiru(n) èWreba~, aSumu(n)

èsmeva~, axaCqu(n) èToxneba~.

cxadia, megrulSi potencialisi da vnebiTi gamijnulia,

Wanurs ki vnebiTisaTvis sakuTari forma ar gamoumuSavebia.

megrulSi vnebiTs (orpiriani) sxva warmoebaca aqvs:

e-u: ewuxebu (guri Tis) ùwuxdeba (guli mas)~, er-

cxvinebu èsircxvileba~, esaxelebu èsaxeleba~;

a-u: aCamu èqaveba~, aZirafu(n) èCveneba~, aZicinuafu

ècineba~ _ megr. -a=qarT. e-s.

o-u: oCqaru èCqareba~, oxiolu ùxaria~, owyinu

`swyins~.

megrulSic aris d-oniani warmoeba: WiTondu `wiTlde-

ba~, Squrondu `Sindeba~. magram es iSviaTia. donini vnebiTi

qarTulidanaa Sesuli megrul-WanurSi.

potencialisi qarTulsac unda hqonoda: saiT gaisvle-

bis; inaxvismca amirbari; xandazmul kacs sizmaric daejereba;

ar eWmeva, ar daeleva, ar eTqmis. aq àr~ gvaqvs da ara

`ver~, radgan potencialisi dadebiT gamoTqmaSi igrZnoba (ix.

a. Ciqobava, potencialisis kategoria qarTvelur enebSi,

enimkis moambe, I, 1937).

ùniSno vnebiTebi~ istoriulad ar axasiaTebs qarTve-

lur enebs, isini arian ugvaro dinamikuri zmnebi da uswre-

ben gvaris Camoyalibebas, Semdeg miekedlnen vnebiTebs. ùniS-

no~ vnebiTebs Zvel qarTulSi II seriaSi, I-II pirebSi fuZe

gaeSleboda: vSur-ebi _ davSuer, vcTebi-SevceT, vÃmebi-ganvÃem, vkudebi-movkued. ùniSno~ vnebiTebs zanurSi u dabo-loeba aqvT: tubu-n `Tbeba~, Ruru-n `kvdeba~, sqidu-n `rCe-

ba~. es u(<*o) sufiqsi qarTuli xolmeobiTis i-s funqciis

matarebeli Cans (tubun-Tbebis).

141

v. Tofuria `uniSno~ vnebiTebs niSnians eZaxis: e aris

niSanio. (ganvÃem, ganvtef). qarTulsac svanuriviT fuZis fleqsiiT unda hqonoda

gvari garCeuli: sv. texni `brundeba~ _ tixe `abrunebs~,

Sdr. Ãed da Ãad, Sevced _ gamoicada, ga-qer _ ganvaqar-vo. v. Tofurias mixedviT, a- moqmedebiTs awarmoebs (=a-dnobs, a-

Senebs) da e- ki vnebiTs (=e-werebis).

g. maWavarianiT, ase araa, a da e monacvleoba isec aris

qarTulSi, gvars ar ukavSirdeba: 1) davWer-davWar, orive

moqmedebiTia; 2) zanurSi uniSno vnebiTi fuZeSi o-s Seicavs,

rac qarTulSi a-s gvavaraudebinebs: goptubi (<*goptobi)

`gavTbi~ = qarT. *ganvtab; govxomi `gavxmi~ = *ganÃam. Zv. qarTuli a ara aqvs fuZeSi uniSno vnebiTebs, magram unda

hqonoda dialeqtTa erT jgufSi, rasac, zanuris garda,

mxars uWers dialeqtis monacemebi (gavWar-davWer). ase rom,

a xmovani moqmedebiT gvars ki ar aRmoaCnda, aramed vnebiTeb-

sac, es imitom, rom a araa gvaris niSani.

qarT. e _ zan. o marto uniSno vnebiTebSi araa. aris

moqmedebiTSi. gavcer, Wan. goncoru (>gociru). Wanuri cor

fuZe qarTulSi car-s gvavaraudebinebs, aris kidev na-car-i.

asea davWer da dovWkori. Wkor-is Sesatyvisia ara salite-

raturo Wer, aramed dialeqturi War (davWari).

asea saxelebTanac: RorRo(n)ji (W.m.) _ RerRedi

(<*RarRad, Sdr. svan. RarRad `bati~), Wyori _ mwyeri

(<*wyari)...

e.i. e da a xmovanTa monacvleobas qarTulSi morfolo-

giuri funqcia ara aqvs.

142

qcevis kategoria

qceva aris zmnis kategoria, romelic gamoxatavs kuT-

vnilebiTs damokidebulebas obieqtsa da subieqts Soris

(orpiriani zmna) an obieqtebs Soris (sampiriani zmna), e.i.

qcevis gamoxatva zmnas maSin SeuZlia, Tu ori an sampiriania.

erTpiriani uqceoa.

zanuri qcevis sakiTxSi savsebiT mihyveba qarTuls. aqac

3 qcevaa: saTaviso (anu sasubieqto), sasxviso (saobieqto) da

saarviso (neitraluri).

sasxviso qceva aRniSnavs, rom erTi obieqti meore obi-

eqtis kuTvnilebaa, an gankuTvnilia misTvis (sua qodomidgu

`sufra damidga~, forCa emiWofu `kaba miyida~, ¹ude gamike-Tu). magram inversiul (orpirian) zmnebTan sasxviso qceva

aRniSnavs subieqtis gankuTvnilebas obieqtisadmi: xe mikanka-

lans `xeli mikankalebs~, osare mirCqu (urCqu) `maisuri mi-

Cans (uCans)~.

qcevis niSnebi igivea, rac qarTulSi.

saTaviso qcevas i awarmoebs: megr: iTxoruns ìTxris~,

iWaruns ìwers~ (=TavisTvis iwers), iWkiruns ìWris~, iSe-

nens ìSenebs~...

Wan.: iWaufs ìwers~, ibonums xe ìbans xels~, iJvarams

(n. mariT) ìmarglavs~. ibRafs Cenge ìparsavs wvers (=ni-

kaps), xe ikvaTums `xels iWris~.

arn. Ciqobava aRniSnavs: `sarfelebi majerebdnen, rom

saTaviso qceva mxolod imas aRniSnavs, rom obieqti subieq-

tis kuTvnilebaa, subieqtisaa: Cenge ibRafs `nikaps iparsavs~,

radgan `Cenge~ subieqtisaa, misi kuTvnilebaa. magram qarTul-

Si xom aris: viwer zRaprebs, aq `zRaprebi~ subieqtis ki

araa, misi kuTvnileba ki araa, aramed gankuTvnilia misTvis.

Wanurad: iWaufs heqiaefe-s ìwers zRaprebs~ msgavsi magali-

Tebi ar SeiZleba, radgan es niSnavdes iqneba; iwers zRaprebs

Tavisaze, Tavis kanze, tanze. es ki ar SeiZlebao~.

raa es? saTaviso qcevis Sinaarsis daviwroeba? ara. ar-

qaizmi. CiqobavaTi qarTvelur enebSi saTaviso qcevis ZiriTa-

143

di da pirveladi mniSvneloba unda yofiliyo is, rac Wanur-

Sia daculi: moqmedeba subieqtis saganze (da ara subieqtis-

Tvis gankuTvnil saganze, iseve, rogorc sasxviso qcevisaT-

vis ZiriTadi unda yofiliyo moqmedeba sxvis saganze, sxvis

obieqtTan) da ara sxvisTvis gankuTvnil obieqtze (saTav.:

Tavi moikla = Tavisi Tavi mokla, sasxviso: mters guli mo-

ukla _ mtris guli mokla!).

esaa pirveladi mniSvneloba qcevisa, meoradia is mniS-

vneloba, rom moqmedeba exeba subieqtisTvis gankuTvnil sa-

gans (iWaruns) ìwers~ an obieqtisaTvis gankuTvnil sagans

(miWaruns-uWaruns) `miwers-uwers~.

sasxviso qcevis niSani megrul-WanurSi aris i (I, II p.)

da u (III p.)

megr. uwiluns ùkrefs~, uWaruns ùwers~, uZaxu ùZa-

xis~, miragadu _ uragadu `melaparakeba _ elaparakeba~, mi-

kiTxens _ ukiTxens wignis `mikiTxavs _ ukiTxavs wigns~, mi-

xokuns pis `miparsavs pirs~... uWanq `vukerav~, uWarunq

`vuwer~...

Wan. qomevuRi `movutane~, dujoxi `davuZaxe~, euWofi

`vuyide~, suφa qodomidgu `damidga~, xe ubonums `xels

hbans~ (ubans), Cenge ubRafs `wvers hparsavs~/uparsavs.

gardauvali zmnebis sasxviso qceva: bere miRurun _ be-

re duRurun, binexi mixomu `venaxi mixmeba~, kuCxi micanca-

lans (Tis ucancalans) `fexi mikankalebs (mas ukankalebs)~

e.i. gardauval zmnebTan subieqti aris obieqtisTvis gankuT-

vnili.

gardauval zmnebTan sasxviso qceva uniSnodac SeiZleba

gadmoices, orpiriani vnebiTebiT qarTulSi, romelic Sinaar-

siT sasxviso qcevisa aris, sadac subieqti gankuTvnilia obi-

eqtisaTvis.

miSendeba saxli _ uSendeba saxli. aq qcevisaa i/u. mag-

ram gana aseTi korelacia araa: mezrdeba bavSvi _ ezrdeba

bavSvi? qceva aqac aris, magram uniSnod!

megrulSia: mardä, maWarä, masofu, Sdr. mezrdeba, mewe-reba, meglijeba (migjeba gur.), aq megr. a = qarT. e-s.

144

megrulSi: Rva meWiTarebu, Toma merCeebu... qarT.: loya

miwiTldeba, Tma miTeTrdeba, megr. e-u = qarT. i-d.

aseT formebSi qcevis Sinaarsi aSkaraa.

saarviso qcevas niSani ara aqvs: Warums/Waruns `wers~,

kiTxums/kiTxuens `kiTxulobs~, zopons/ragadans `ambobs~,

Wkiufs/Wkiruns `Wris~, Tiufs/Tiruns `aTrevs~, xaCqufs/xaC-

quns...

saarviso qcevis formebs qarTulSi zogjer(!) a uZRvis

(akeTebs, aSenebs), magram a ar miiCneva qcevis niSnad. Tumca

sayuradReboa is faqti, rom zmnas TavsarT a-s fardad za-

nurSi kanonzomieri Sesatyvisi o aqvs xSirad.

Wanuri megruli

aswavlis _ oguafs / oguruans

arCens _ oskedinafs / oskiduans

aSinebs _ oSkurinams / oSqurinuans

anaxebs _ oZiafs / oZirans

akivlebs _ okiafs / orkiafuans

awers _ oWarafs / oWarans

n. mari o-s III qcevis (`порода~) niSnad miiCnevda Wa-

nurSi, magram o (qarT. a) ufro kauzativis mawarmoebeli

Cans. es iqidan Cans, rom kauzativs megrul-WanurSi am o-s

gareSe ver vawarmoebT.

kontaqti (gza)

kontaqti (gza) aris kategoria, romelic gviCvenebs,

subieqturi piri TviTon moqmedebs pirdapir obieqtze, Tu

iribi obieqtis meSveobiT. Tu subieqturi piri TviTon moq-

medebs pirdapir obieqtze, maSin uSualo kontaqti gvaqvs,

xolo, Tu subieqturi piri pirdapir obieqtze moqmedebs

sxva piris (iribi) meSveobiT, gveqneba SualobiTi kontaqtis

forma anu kauzativi (faqtitivi). SualobiTi kontaqtis mi-

145

xedviT realurad moqmedebs ori piri: erTi moqmedebas xel-

mZRvanelobs, meore _ xelmZRvanelis davalebas asrulebs;

erTia xelmZRvaneli (organizatori), meore _ Semsrulebeli

(egzekutori).

bavSvi mamas Cits aWerinebs. subieqti aris `bavSvi~, ro-

melic saqmes xelmZRvanelobs, xolo iribi obieqtia `mama~,

romelic realurad moqmedebs, asrulebs davalebas. pirdapi-

ri obieqti ar icvleba.

megrulsa da WanurSi kontaqti erTnairad iwarmoeba.

uSualo kontaqts saerTod ara aqvs mawarmoebeli: Wa-

rufs/Waruns, Wkiruns, yvilufs/¹viluns, baxufs/baxuns

`cems~...

kauzativis mawarmoebeli megrulsa da WanurSi aris o-

TavsarTi da -af- bolosarTi (o _ af), romelic daerTvis

wyvetilis fuZes, uSualo formebi wyvetilSi: gub-u `xar-

Sa~ (hemuq hea) ìman igi~, kvaT-u `Wra~, Tas-u `Tesa~, Sua-

lobiTi: o-gub-af-u àxarSvina~, o-kvaT-af-u àWrevina~, o-

Tas-af-u àTesina~ (hemuq hemus hea) ìman imas is~.

kauzativis awmyo iwarmoeba aoristis kauzativur fuZe-

ze (o-gub-af) awmyos mawarmoebeli afiqsebis darTviT. am

(aT., viw.-arq.)// -af (xof.):

awmyo: gub-um-s//gib-uf-s `xarSavs~, zum-um-s//zim-uf-s

`zomavs~.

kauzativi awmyos fuZes ar eyrdnoba, aramed aoristi-

sas, amitom gvaqvs awmyos kauzativSi:

o-gub-af-am-s//o-gib-af-af-s àxarSvinebs~, o-Tas-af-am-

s//o-Tas-af-af-s àTesvinebs~.

megrulSic asea: uSualo kontaqti wyvetilSi: zimu

`(ga)zoma~, kvaTu `(ga)kveTa~, Wkiru `(ga)Wra~, Wuu `dawva~,

akeTu àkeTa~, xazu `(da)xaza~, xonu `(mo)xna~...

aqedan aoristis kauzativi: o-zim-af-u àzomvina~,

o-kvaT-af-u àkeTebina~, o-xon-af-u àxnevina~...

awmyos kauzativi iwarmoeba wyvetilis kauzativis fu-

Zisgan. -u-an awmyos sufiqsis darTviT; es u+an-is an igive

146

Cans, rac Wanuri -am/af. u risia? albaT, awmyos -un sufiq-

sis niSani? (awmyo: zimun-s `zomavs~, kvaT-un-s `kveTs~).

wyvet. kauzativi: o-kvaT-af-u-an-s `akveTinebs~, o-xon-

af-u-an-s `axvnevinebs~...

kauzativis o- _ -af-s qarTulTan msgavseba aqvs: o

aris Sesatyvisi qarT. a-si (aWrevina, axarSvina, akeTebina...)

qarTulSi awmyos kauzativi iwarmoeba ara awmyos fuZi-

sagan, aramed aoristis kauzativiani fuZisagan, romelsac -eb

daerTvis (=Wan. -am/af, megr. -u-an), ase rom, awmyoSi gamoCe-

nili Wan. -am/af, megr. -an da qarT. -eb erTi odenobaa.

sxvaoba zanursa da qarTuls Soris aoristis kauzati-

vis formaSia, qarTulSi -in (azomvina), rac ucxoa megrul-

WanurisTvis.

k. d.: zanuri sufiqsi af (okvaT-af-u) SeiZleba igive

odenoba iyos, rac qarTuli -ev (xmovnebSi Sesatyvisobaa).

CiqobavaTi: qarT. -in (<un): Zv. acT-un-a>ax. acT-ina.

CiqobavaTi kauzativebia: adgens _ adgina, asmens _ asmi-

na, aWmevs _ aWmia, arbevs _ arbia, oRon maT kauzativis ga-

geba dakarguli aqvTo.

mwkrivTa warmoeba

zmnis uRlebadi formebi jgufdebian garkveuli niSnis

mixedviT. vTqvaT, vwer, wer, wers, vwerT, werT, weren erTi

jgufia Cvens warmodgenaSi, aseve sxva jgufia: vwerdi, wer-

di, werda, vwerdiT, werdiT, werdnen... aseTi 11 jgufi SeiZ-

leba iyos qarTulSi. am jgufebs mwkrivebs eZaxian.

TavianTi, erTi jgufis formebs (mwkrivs) urTierTisa-

gan ganasxvavebs piri da ricxvi, e.i. erTi jgufis (mwkrivis)

formebi erTmaneTisgan pirisa da ricxvis mixedviT ganirCevi-

an. magram ra aqvT maT saerTo (e.i. erTi mwkrivis formebs

ra aerTianebs?). esaa dro da kilo, aseve jeroba, aqti, Ta-

namdevroba. am ucvalebeli nawilebiT (dro, kilo, jeroba...)

gansxvavdeba erTi mwkrivi meorisgan, am ucvalebel nawilebs

147

eZaxian mwkrivis elementebs. am elementebiT upirispirdeba

erTi mwkrivi sxvas.

aris mwkrivi gramatikuli kategoria? aris. yoveli

gramatikuli kategoria yalibdeba sapirispiro formaTa ar-

sebobis safuZvelze. amdenad, erTi uRlebadi jgufi zmnisa,

romelsac mwkrivs vuwodebT, iseT mimarTebaSia danarCeneb-

Tan, rogorc sxva danarCeni pirvelTan. es jgufebi erTgvar

movlenas asaxaven enaSi, erTmaneTs Tanabrad Seezomebian, yve-

las erTi da igive raodenoba aqvs formebisa. mwkrivi rTu-

li kategoriaa da Tavis TavSi Seicavs ramdenime kategorias,

mwkrivis formaSi yovelTvis ganxilulia ramdenime katego-

ria (piri, ricxvi, dro, kilo...), magram mwkrivis elemente-

bis (dro, kilo...) gaigiveba TviT mwkrivTan ara swori. a. Sa-

niZis magaliTi: sinjaraSi, sadac asxia sxvadasxva ferisa da

wonis siTxeebi: wyali, zeTi, romelic ar aireva erTmaneTSi.

mwkrivi _ esaa boTli, wyali da zeTi _ mwkrivis elementebi

(dro, kilo...). rogorc ar SeiZleba boTlis gaTanabreba

wyalTan an zeTTan, miuxedavad imisa, es boTli sawyalea Tu

sazeTe, aseve ar SeiZleba mwkrivis gaTanabreba mis elemen-

tebTan.

mwkrivis saxelebi araa Sesaferi, erT-erT elements

asaxavs, kargi iqneboda neitraluri ram dagverqva, magram es

ar xerxdeba dRes. amitom: Tu mwkrivSi elementTagan mxo-

lod dro da kiloa, TxrobiTkiloian zmnebs drois mixedviT

daerqmeva saxeli, sxva kiloian mwkrivebs _ kilos mixedviT.

Tu mwkrivSi amaT garda sxva elementia, maSin am damatebiTi

elementis mixedviT.

mwkrivebi 3 seriad iyofa formaTa warmoebisa da sin-

taqsur TaviseburebaTa mixedviT. sanam a. SaniZe `mwkrivs~ Se-

moiRebda, manam xmarobda: `wevri~, `rigi~, 1938 wlidan _

`mwkrivi~. 1941 wels specialuri Sroma miuZRvna am sakiTxs

a. SaniZem: Категория ряда в глаголе. Общие вопросы формаоб-

розований глаголов на примерах грузинского языка (enimkis mo-

ambe, X, 1941).

148

zanurSi zmnaTa ganawilebis principi mwkrivebSi igivea,

rac qarTulSi. seria aqac samia. I seriis ZiriTadi mwkrivia

awmyo, II seriisa _ wyvetili.

I seriis mwkrivebi

awmyo: awmyos fuZes wyvetilis fuZesTan SedarebiT ar-

Tulebs Temis niSnebi da savrcobi. yvelaze gavrcelebuli

Temis niSania -um (WanurSi) da -un (megrulSi: -un<-um); Wa-nuri -um (viw.-arq., aTin.) xofurSi iZleva -uf-s: gorums/go-

rufs èZebs~, kvaTums/kvaTufs `kveTs~, gubums/gibufs `xar-

Savs~, iqums/iqoms/iqifs ìkeTebs, iWams~.

megr.: kvaTuns `kveTs/Wris~, Waruns `wers~, xonuns

`xnavs~...

meore gavrcelebuli Temis niSania _ -am/-af WanurSi, -

an megrulSi:

Wan.: owirams àCvenebs~, mRorafs `bRavis~, orgams/or-

gafs `rgavs~, ofSafs àvsebs~, oRodafs ùkeTebs~, mendio-

nams `waiyvans~...

megr.: Rorans `Rrialebs~, rkians `kivis~, gvargvalans

`TuxTuxebs~, ofunuans àduRebs~, otibuans àTbobs~...

Temis niSnebia -em/-ef WanurSi, -en megrulSi:

Wan. -em/-ef: uwolems èubneba~, iCalaSefs `muSaobs~,

Cxe muxTefs àciebs~.

megr. -en: auCorens àSavebs~, aWiTarens àwiTlebs~,

arigens àrigebs~, aSenens àSenebs~...

megrul-WanurSi Temis niSanTa uniformacia moxda: gaba-

tonda -um (-uf) da -am (WanurSi), -un da -an (megrulSi),

sxvaoba TanxmovnebSia. amaTgan -um (-uf _ -un megr.) modis

*-om-isgan da = qarT. -am Temis niSans, xolo -am (-af _

-an _ megr.) = qarT. -eb-s (Wan. o-rg-am-s `rgavs~ = qarT.

a-keT-eb-s).

qarTulTan SedarebiT, sxvaobas qmnis awmyos I-II pirSi

–q (megr.) da -r (Wan.), romlebic erTmaneTis morfologiuri

korelatebi Canan:

149

megrulSi q yvela zmnas moepoveba awmyos I-II pirSi mx.

ricxvSi, xolo r WanurSi aqvs mxolod vnebiTi da saSuali

gvaris zmnebs I-II pirSi mx. r.-Si.

Wanuri megruli

ptubu-r btib-u-q `vTbebi~

vul-u-r (gi)vu-r-q `davdivar~

bRur-u-r bRur-u-q `vkvdebi~

magram megrulSi: vTasunq, vWarunq, vxonunq.

miuxedavad amisa, megr. q da Wan. r morfologiuri ko-

relatebia, arc erTi araa S2-is niSani.

awmyosgan iwarmoeba: uwyveteli >kavSirebiTi I, pirobi-

Ti I, nawyvetilari TurmeobiTi I (mxolod WanurSia).

uwyveteli zanurSi imave sufiqsiT iwarmoeba, rogorc

qarTulSi, esaa d (od ar icis); romelic ucvleladaa dacu-

li megrulSi, xolo WanurSi -t-s saxiT. I da II pirebSi

orsave ricxvSi boloSi daerTvis ufunqcio i, S3-is niSania

-u (mx. r.) da -es (mr. r.) yovelnair zmnebTan.

Wanuri

ma

si

hemuq

Cqun

Tqvan

henTefeq

b-War-um-t-i hea/ ma p-War-uf-t-i ia

War-um-t-i hea/ si War-uf-t-i ia

War-um-t-u hea/ emuq War-uf-t-u ia

b-War-um-t-i-T / Cqin p-War-uf-t-i-T ia

War-um-t-i-T / Tqvan War-uf-t-i-T ia

War-um-t-es / enTefeq War-uf-t-es ia

megruli

ma

si

Tina

Cqi

Tqva

Tinefi

v-War-un-d-i Tis

War-un-d-i Tis

War-un-d-u Tis

v-War-un-d-i-T Tis

War-un-d-i-T Tis

War-un-d-es Tis

`vwerdi~

`werdi~

`werda~

`vwerdiT~

`werdiT~

`werdnen~

150

aTinurSi iSviaTad t-s gverdiT d da T-c aris: qordu,

qu¹onurTu `hyavda~. uwyvetlisgan iwarmoeba kavSirebiTi I, pirobiTi I, nauw-

yvetlari I.

kavSirebiTi I: kavSirebiT I-s awarmoebs a sufiqsi meg-

rulsa da WanurSi. es a daerTvis uwyvetlis fuZes, ufun-

qcio i-s gamoyenebiT. es a aris qarTuli e-s kanonzomieri

Sesatyvisi (vwerde `vWarunda~).

Wanuri

ma

si

hemuq

Cqun

Tqvan

henTefeq

b-War-um-t-a hea // p-War-uf-t-a ia

War-um-t-a hea // War-uf-t-a ia

War-um-t-a-s hea // War-uf-t-a-s ia

b-War-um-t-a-T hea// p-War-uf-t-a-T ia

War-um-t-a-T hea// War-uf-t-a-T ia

War-um-t-a-n hea// War-uf-t-a-n ia

megruli

ma

si

Tina

Cqi

Tqva

Tinefi

v-War-un-d-a Tis

War-un-d-a Tis

War-un-d-a-s Tis

v-War-un-d-a-T Tis

War-un-d-a-T Tis

War-un-d-a-n(i) Tis

`vwerde~

`werde~

`werdes~

`vwerdeT~

`werdeT~

`werdnen~

S3-is niSania -s (mx. r.) da an (mr. r.). am -an-is -a

ikargeba kavSirebiTis a-s win: an>n: Warumtan<*Warumtaan.

megrulSi kavSirebiT I-s paraleluri formebic aqvs,

qarTuliviT -e/-ee-Ti nawarmoebi (I-II pirSi mx. ricxvSi):

v-War-un-d-e // v-War-un-d-ee `vwerde~

War-un-d-e // War-un-d-ee `werde~

War-un-d-a-s // War-un-d-a-s `werdes~

mr. ricxvi a-Ti iwarmoeba. es ee/e-iani warmoeba mx.

ricxvis I-II pirebSi Cven qarTulisebur warmoebad migvaCnia.

Ciqobavas azriT ki, es bolo ee/e modis ere-dan `rom~, e.i.

vWarunde = rom vwerde me mas.

151

ere `rom~-is mniSvnelobiT axlacaa svanurSi: ejRa ere

ìmitom rom~.

aRsaniSnavia, rom -ee/-e warmoebis kavSirebiTs natvriTi

elferi dahkravs.

g. kartozia: vWarundaini<vWarundeini>vWarundee>vWarun-

de.

pirobiTi I: es mwkrivi iwarmoeba uwyvetlis fuZisgan -

-kon-is darTviT piris niSnebis Semdeg boloSi. es -kon mo-

dis okon ùnda~ zmnisagan. ase rom, pirobiTi I arsebiTad

aRweriTi formisaa, oRond dRes organul warmoebad Cans:

Wanuri

ma

si

emuq

Cqun

Tqvan

hemTefeq

b-War-um-t-i-kon hea `rom vwerde~

War-um-t-i-kon hea

War-um-t-u-kon hea

b-War-um-t-i-T-kon hea

War-um-t-i-T-kon hea

War-um-t-es-kon hea

megruli

ma

si

Tina

Cqi

Tqva

Tinefi

v-War-un-d-i-ko(n) `rom vwerde~

War-un-d-i-ko(n)

War-un-d-u-ko(n)

v-War-un-d-i-T-i-ko(n)

War-un-d-i-T-i-ko(n)

War-un-d-es-i-ko(n)

Cans, megrulSi ufunqcio i Cndeba mravlobiT ricxvSi

samsave pirSi kon-is win, da n ikargeba absolutur boloSi.

es mwkrivi qarTuls ara aqvs. morfologiuri Tvalsaz-

risiT es mwkrivi arsebiTad emTxveva uwyvetels. pirobiTis

Sinaarsi masSi Seaqvs damxmare zmnas òkon~ (=unda)-s.

nauwyvetlari TurmeobiTi: es mwkrivi mxolod Wanur-

Sia, igi iwarmoeba uwyvetlis fuZeze -ere-s darTviT (asea

xofurSi), an -doren-is darTviT (viwur-arqabulSi).

152

xofuri

ma

si

hemuq

Cqun

Tqvan

henTefeq

pWar-uf-t-ere ia `vwerdi Turme~

War-uf-t-ere ia

War-uf-t-ere-n ia

pWar-uf-t-ere-T ia

War-uf-t-ere-T ia

War-uf-t-ere-n-an ia

viwur-arqabuli

ma

si

hemuq

Cqun

Tqvan

henTefeq

bWar-um-t-i-doren hea `vwerde Turme~

War-um-t-i-doren hea

War-um-t-u-doren hea

bWar-um-t-i-T-doren hea

War-um-t-i-T-doren hea)

War-um-t-es-doren hea

S3 niSania -n (mx. r.) da -an (mr. r.). sxvaoba marto ma-

warmoeblebSi rodia xofursa da viwur-arqabulSi. aris

sxvac: `ere~ infiqsiviTaa formaSi, S3-is niSani Semdegaa, ase-

vea T-c. `doren~ ki formis absolutur boloSia.

II seriis mwkrivebi

II seriis formaTaTvis mTavaria wyvetilis mwkrivi. esaa

sayrdeni danarCeni mwkrivebis sawarmoeblad. Temis niSnebi,

rogorc wesi, am mwkrivsa da misgan nawarmoeb formebSi ar

gvxvdeba.

wyvetili: am mwkrivs WanurSi mxolod i awarmoebs:

pWari, dopi, vxoni, vZiri, doviguri, e.i. WanurSi uniforma-

ciaa momxdari.

megrulSi ki wyvtils ori mawarmoebeli aqvs (qarTu-

liviT): i da e:

i: fxanti, bWari, miponi, midvoCqvi, bgari, Wkomi, pkiT-

xi...

153

e: vogure, vrkie, vraqvae, bRvare, vocqve, voWarafe, vo-

ragade, vorCqie. voxonafe, vorCqiafe... e.i. e-Ti iwarmoeba ka-

uzativis formebi.

S3-is niSania -u (mx.r.) da -es (mr.r.)

megruli pWari `vwere~ vocqve `vaqe~ voxonafe `vaxnevine~

Wari `were~ ocqve àqe~ oxonafe àxnevine~

Waru `wera~ ocq(v)u àqo~ oxonafu àxnevina~

pWariT `vwereT~ vocqveT `vaqeT~ voxonafeT `vaxnevineT~

WariT `wereT~ ocqveT àqeT~ oxonafeT àxnevineT~

Wares `weres~ ocqves àqes~ oxonafes àxnevines~

wyvetils eyrdnoba Semdegi mwkrivebi: kavSirebiTi II,

pirobiTi II, nawyvetilari TurmeobiTi I, nawyvetilari Tur-

meobiTi II, nawyvetilari kavSirebiTi III.

kavSirebiTi II-isgan iwarmoeba: myofadi, pirobiTi III.

kavSirebiTi II iwarmoeba wyvetilis fuZisgan (i da e-s

CamoSorebiT) a sufiqsiT, rogorc WanurSi, ise megrulSi.

esaa erTaderTi sufiqsi zanurSi (Ciqobava). magram Cven vfiq-

robT, rom mxedvelobaSi araa miRebuli megrulSi parale-

lurad xmarebuli formebi kavSirebiTi II-isa, romlebic e-Ti

iwarmoebian: (I, II p.) midavrTe `wavide~, midarTe `waxvide~

(mu i¹i midarTeni? `ra iqneba, rom waxvide?~). dovxone `dav-xna~, dovxaCqe `davToxno~, dopkvaTe `davWra~ da sxva. es pa-

raleluri formebia, ise, rogorc es gvaqvs kavSirebiT I-Si

(vWrunda/vWrunde).

qarTulSi ki sami mawarmoebelia: e, a, o: e (donian da

uniSno vnebiTebTan): gavSavde, gavwiTlde, gavTbe, gavqre... a

(roca wyvetilSi niSania a an i): davkra, vTqva, davasxa, gav-

Wra, Sevkra... o (i-e-nian vnebiTebTan, gardamaval zmnebTan):

daiweros, daexatos, vaqo, vaZago...

aqedan WanurSi erTia -a, megrulSi -a (ZiriTadi) da -e.

e.i. gansxvavebuli afiqsebi Wanursa da megrulSi araa kavSi-

rebiTi II-is sawarmoeblad.

154

megrul-Wanuri

bWar-a `vwero~ bkvaT-a `vkveTo, vWra~

War-a `wero~ kvaT-a

War-a-s `weros~ kvaT-a-s

bWar-a-T `vweroT~ bkvaT-a-T

War-a-T `weroT~ kvaT-a-T

War-a-n `weon~ kvaT-a-n

S3-is niSania mx.r.-Si -s, mr.r.-Si -an, romlis a ikargeba

xmovanTan (an>n).

megrulis kavSirebiTi II-is paraleluri eniani forma

pirnaklia, sakuTari warmoeba ara aqvs III piris arcerT

ricxvSi, agreTve mravlobiTi ricxvis I-II pirebSic, e.i. ase-

Ti warmoeba gvaqvs mxolod mxolobiTi ricxvis I da II pi-

rebSi.

bWar-e bWar-a-T

War-e War-a-T

War-a-s War-a-n

e.i. mxolobiTi ricxvi, I-II pirebs garda, sxvagan a-nian war-

moebas mimarTavs.

pirobiTi II: am mwkrivis mawarmoebelia igive, rac pi-

robiTi I-isa, -kon (<okon `unda~), oRond aq es mawarmoebe-

li daerTvis wyvetilis formas. sxvaoba isaa, rom megrulSi

kon kargavs n-s (ko), Tu mas xmovani ar mosdevs. mravlobiT

ricxvSi ko(n)-is win megrulSi i (TanxmovanTgasayari) Cnde-

ba.

Wanuri megruli

bkvaT-i-kon vkvaT-i-ko(n) `unda gamekveTa, dameWra~

kvaT-i-kon kvaT-i-ko(n)

kvaT-u-kon kvaT-u-ko(n)

bkvaT-i-T-kon vkvaT-i-T-i-ko(n)

kvaT-i-T-kon kvaT-i-T-i-ko(n)

kvaT-es-kon kvaT-es-i-ko(n)

155

wyvetilisgan iwarmoeba TurmeobiTi I, TurmeobiTi II,

kavSirebiTi III WanurSi, megrulSi ki sxvanairad. magram, sa-

nam III seriis warmoebaze gadavidodeT, SevexoT II seriis

formebze dayrdnobil warmoebas. rogorc aRvniSneT, kavSire-

biT II-isgan iwarmoeba: myofadi da pirobiTi III.

myofadi iwarmoeba kavSirebiTi II-sgan sxvadasxvagvarad

WanurSi (megrulSi ki qarTulisebria, preverbebi awarmoebs

awmyosgan): xofurSi kavSirebiTi II-is formas daerTvis meS-

veli zmna minon (minda), aqedan CxalurSi unon (unda) aris

gatarebuli yvela pirSi, xolo viwur-arqabulsa da aTinur-

Si _ ere/re/e.

xofuri Cxaluri viwur-arqabuli,

aTinuri

vkvaT-a-minon

`vkveTo minda~

vkvaT-a-unon bkvaT-a-re

kvaT-a-ginon

`kveTo ginda~

kvaT-a-unon kvaT-a-re

kvaT-a-s-unon

`kveTos unda~

kvaT-a-s-unon kvaT-a-s-ere // kvaT-a-s-e

vkvaT-a-minonan vkvaT-a-T-unon bkvaT-a-T-ere // bkvaT-a-T-e

kvaT-a-ginonan kvaT-a-T-unon kvaT-a-T-ere // kvaT-a-T-e

kvaT-a-s-unonan kvaT-an-unon kvaT-an-ere // kvaT-a-n-e

-ere mawarmoebeli modis zmnisagan oren `aris~ (n. ma-

ri), ase rom, `bkvaTare~ zusti TargmaniT iqneboda: aris

vWra // aris, rom vWra.

es –ere-a TurmeobiTis mwkrivebTan rom ixmareba xo-

furSi. igive ere-s naSTia gardauval zmnebTan rom gvxvdeba

awmyoSi I-II pirebSi: bRuru-r `vkvdebi~, Ruru-r `kvdebi~,

fsqid-u-r `vrCebi~.

myofadis warmoeba WanurSi zmniswinebiTac xdeba awmyo-

sagan (xSiri araa): va amabuluT oxois `ar SemovalT sax-

lSi~, menda-vulur `waval~, domcorufT `gavcriT~, qogebob-

RamT, ewebudgamT, `davyriT, davudgamT win~. megrulSi war-

156

moebis es tipia mxolod: awmyo: vWarunq `vwer~, myofadi:

do-vWarunq `davwer~.

myofadis Wanuriseburi warmoeba ar icis megrulma,

svanurma. a. CiqobavaTi, aseTi warmoeba berZnulis gavlena

unda iyos. salaparako berZnulSi msgavsi warmoeba X sauku-

nidanaa, e. i. amis Semdeg Camoyalibebula aseTi warmoeba Wa-

nurSic: berZnuli: νγρψω ζελω (=minda vwero=davwer), II

warmoeba: ζελω γρψω `rom vwero minda~(=bWarare). (a. Ciqo-

bava, Wanuri myofadis warmoebisaTvis, saq. mecn. akademiis mo-

ambe, V, #1, 1944).

pirobiTi III: es mwkrivi eyrdnoba kavSirebiT II-s,

oRond dairTavs uwyvetlis t-s. esaa, ase vTqvaT, II nakavSi-

rebiTari uwyveteli, es farTo xmarebis araa, ufro viwur-

arqabulSia, aTinurSic (xofurSi iSviaTia).

bkvaT-a-t-i bkvaT-a-t-i-T `me gavkveTdi, gavWridi mas~

kvaT-a-t-i kvaT-a-t-i-T

kvaT-a-t-u kvaT-a-t-es

pirobiTi III sxvagvaradac iwarmoeba xofurSi, kavSirebiT

II-s emateba `minon~ zmnis uwyvetlis forma: mintu `mindo-

da~, gintu `gindoda~, untu `undoda~, mintes `gvindoda~,

gintes `gindodaT~, untes `undodaT~.

vkvaT-a-mintu `kveTa mindoda~...

kvaT-a-gintu `kveTa gindoda~

kvaT-a-s-untu/kvaTasintu

`kveTa undoda~

vkvaT-a-mintes `kveTa gvindoda~

kvaT-a-gintes `kveTa gindodaT~

kvaT-a-s-untes/kvaTa-s-intes

`kveTa undodaT~

157

III-IV seriis mwkrivebi

III seriis mwkrivebi sxvadasxvanairad iwarmoeba Wanursa

da megrulSi. megruli ufro qarTuls mihyveba (gardamaval

zmnebTan inversia), Wanuri _ ara.

WanurSi II seriis mwkrivebi wyvetils eyrdnoba, gvaqvs

nawyvetilari TurmeobiTi I, TurmeobiTi II, kavSirebiTi III.

am mwkrivTa warmoeba gansxvavebulia Wanuris kilokavebSic:

xofurSi iwarmoeba -ere (I Tur.), -eret (II Turm.), -ereta

(III kavS.) meSveobiT, maSin, roca igive mwkrivi viwur-arqa-

bulsa da aTinurSi iwarmoeba Semdegi sufiqsebiT: -doren, -

dortun, -dortas (I Tur., II Turm., III kavS.).

amis msgavsi warmoeba megrulma srulebiT ar icis.

nawyvetilari TurmeobiTi I

xofuri viwur-arqabuli, aTinuri

ma

si

emuq

Cqin

Tqvan

enTefeq

pkvaT-ere ia `me miWria, mikveTia~

kvaT-ere ia

kvaT-ere-n ia

pkvaT-ere-T ia

kvaT-ere-T ia

kvaT-ere-n-an ia

ma

si

hemuq

Cqun

Tqvan

hemTefeq

bkvaT-i-doren hea

kvaT-i-doren hea

kvaT-u-doren hea

bkvaT-i-T-doren hea

kvaT-i-T-doren hea

kvaT-es-doren hea

nawyvetilari TurmeobiTi II


ma

si

emuq

Cqin

Tqvan

enTefeq

pkvaT-ere-t-i ia

`mikveTia Turme~

kvaT-ere-t-i ia

kvaT-ere-t-u ia

pkvaT-ere-t-i-T ia

kvaT-ere-t-i-T ia

kvaT-ere--t-es ia

ma

si

hemuq

Cqun

Tqvan

hemTefeq

pkvaT-i-dortun hea

kvaT-i-dortun hea

kvaT-u-dortun hea

pkvaT-i-T-dortun hea

kvaT-i-T-dortun hea

kvaT-es-dortun hea

158

nawyvetilari kavSirebiTi III


ma

si

emuq

Cqin

Tqvan

enTefeq

hkvaT-ere-t-a ia `me mekveTa Turme~

kvaT-ere-t-a ia

kvaT-ere-t-a-s ia

hkvaT-ere-t-a-T ia

kvaT-ere-t-a-T ia

kvaT-ere--t-a-s ia

ma

si

hemuq

Cqun

Tqvan

hemTefeq

pkvaT-i-dortas hea

kvaT-i-dortas hea

kvaT-u-dortas hea

pkvaT-i-T-dortas hea

kvaT-i-T-dortas hea

kvaT-es-dortas hea

ramdenime SeniSvna mawarmoeblebze:

1) erTi SexedviT, II seriis mwkrivTa mawarmoeblebi

xofursa da viwur-arqabulSi da maTTan SedarebiT aTinurSi

sul sxvadasxva warmomavlobis Cans. aba, sad ere da sad do-

ren. magram es ase araa. orive mawarmoebeli modis meSveli

oren (àris~) zmnisagan: xofurSi mas daukargavs o da n:

oren/ore/re, an ore/ere, xolo aTinursa da viwur-arqabul-

Si am oren zmnas win erTvis do zmniswini, romelic xSirad

megrul qo dadasturebiT nawilaks udris: doren (do+oren).

Sdr. megr.: quwu Wan.: duwu ùTxra~

qoTqu doTqu `Tqva~

qo¹u doyu `gaakeTa~

qomiwi domiwvi `miTxra~

rom ere/re modis òren~ zmnisagan, es pirvelad aRniS-

na n. marma Wanuris gramatikaSi. amis safuZvels mas aZlevda

myofadis warmoebaSi dadasturebuli ere/re (bzumi `vzome~,

zumare `gazomav~, zumasere `gazomavs~...), magram arqabulSi

zumasere-s nacvlad ixmareba `zumasoren~. am ukanasknels

n. mari ase Targmnis: aris rom vzomo "есть, чтобы я мерил".

n. maris axsna sworia. rac myofadis ere-zea naTqvami,

igive odenobaa TurmeobiTis ere-Si da doren-Sic (q. lomTa-

TiZe).

2) Tu wyvetilis fuZe r-s Seicavs xofurSi, Tur-

meobiTis formebSi ere-s win mTeli marcvali el CaerTvis.

159

do-bWar-i `davwere~ (wyvetili), aqedan gvaqvs ara dobWar-

ere `miweria~ (Sdr. bkvaTere `mikveTia~), aramed: dob-

War+el+ere. asea es yvela r fuZian zmnebSi: qodinjir-el-

ere `dawolilxar~, bZir-el-ere `minaxavs~, viZgar-el-ere

`mitiria~.

Ciqobava amis axsnas ar iZleva. -el -er-is variantia,

mimReobis mawarmoebeli? ori ra saWiroa? -el ar iqneba

-er-is varianti da mimReobis mawarmoebeli. ase rom iyos, ma-

Sin igi unda gvqondes sxva zmnebTanac, sadac fuZeSi r araa

(igzaleren `gamgzavrebulan~, kiTxeren `daukiTxavT~, ideren

`wasulan~...)

amis axsnis cda mogvca s. JRentma, romelmac -el fone-

tikur CanarTad cno disimilaciis asacileblad: `el~ su-

fiqsis gareSe gveqneboda: bWar-ere `miweria~, bZir-ere `mina-

xavs~... radgan xofurisTvis damaxasiaTebelia progresuli

disimilacia, ere gadaiqceoda ele-d: bWarele, bZir-ele. Cans,

xofurma morfologiuri elemetis ere-s disimilacia ar mo-

axdina, disimilaciis asacileblad el marcvali CaurTo, ri-

Tac fuZeSi ori r gaaneitrala da disimilacia aicdina

(Sdr. agar-ul-i, magram qarTl-uri).

xofurs ar SeeZlo marto r CaerTo, radgan mas axasia-

Tebs srulxmovnoba. ix.: s. JRenti, Wanur-megrulis foneti-

ka, 1953.

3) WanurSi iSviaTad TurmeobiTis qarTuliseburi ti-

pic (inversiuli) gvxvdeba: miZiramun/miZirun `minaxavs~, giZi-

ramun/giZirun `ginaxavs~, uZiramun/uZirun `unaxavs~).

4) TurmeobiTis erTi saxea WanurSi: nauwyvetlari

TurmeobiTi (pWaruf-t-ere//pWaruf-t-i-doren `Turme vwer-

di~) _ ix. 148.

megrulSi III seriis warmoeba gansxvavebulia qarTuli-

sagan da Wanurisaganac. megrulma ar icis ere da doren-is

msgavsi warmoeba.

III TurmeobiTis nakvTebs megruli ori gansxvavebuli

principiT awarmoebs:

160

1) qarTuliseburad, inversiiT, wyvetilis fuZeze day-

rdnobiT, esaa nawyvetlari III seriis nakvTebi (mikvaTu ma

Tina `mikveTia me is~, miWkiru `miWria~...). 2) no prefiqsiani

warmoeba, romelic I serias, kerZod, awmyos fuZes eyrdnoba

(novkvaTueq).

wyvetilisgan nawarmoebi III seriis mwkrivebi uxilav

dros gadmoscemen da upirispirdebian II seriis xilul

dros.

I TurmeobiTi

miWkiru `miWria me is~ miWkiruna(n)

giWkiru giWkiruna(n)

uWkiru uWkiruna(n)

II TurmeobiTi

miWkirudu `meWra~ miWkirudes

giWkirudu giWkirudes

uWkirudu uWkirudes

III kavSirebiTi

miWkirudas `meWras~ miWkirudan(i)

giWkirudas giWkirudan(i)

uWkirudas uWkirudan(i)

III pirobiTi

miWkirudukon `unda dameWra~...

I TurmeobiTi erTnairadaa nawarmoebi qarTulsa da meg-

rulSi: orive awmyos inversiuli formaa.

II TurmeobiTiT megruli gansxvavdeba qarTulisagan,

radgan II TurmeobiTi megrulSi iwarmoeba TurmeobiTi I-is-

gan, maSin, roca qarTul TurmeobiT II-s araviTari kavSiri

ara aqvs TurmeobiT I-Tan _ TurmeobiTi II eyrdnoba wyve-

tils.

161

kavSirebiTi III megrulSi eyrdnoba I TurmeobiTis fu-

Zes da emateba kavSirebiTi I-is afiqsebi, qarTulSi ki kavSi-

rebiTi III emyareba kavSirebiTi II-is fuZes.

2) awmyosgan nawarmoebi mwkrivebi specialur litera-

turaSi (g. rogavas mier) gamoyofilia calke seriad, meoTxe

seriis (dro-kiloTa meoTxe jgufis nakvTebad) mwkrivebad:

nopWkirueq (I Turm.) am Sexedulebis mixedviT iqneba Turme-

obiTi III, nopWkiruedi (II Turm.) iqneba TurmeobiTi IV, nop-

Wkirueda (kavS. III) iqneba kavSirebiTi IV, nopWkiruedikon

iqneba pirobiTi IV.

TurmeobiTi I (=TurmeobiTi III):

nopWkirueq `damiWria Turme~ (naWra-var) nopWkirueT

noWkirueq noWkirueT

noWkirue(n) noWkiruena(n)

TurmeobiTi II (=TurmeobiTi IV):

nopWkiruedi `dameWra Turme~ nopWkiruediT

noWkiruedi noWkiruediT

noWkiruedu noWkiruedes

kavSirebiTi III (=kavSirebiTi IV):

nopWkirueda `dameWras Turme~ nopWkiruedaT

noWkirueda noWkiruedaT

noWkiruedas noWkiruedan

aris safuZveli, rom no-Ti nawarmoebi mwkrivebi calke

warmoebis IV seriisad vcnoT:

1) gardamavali zmna awmyosgan nawarmoeb no-ian formeb-

Si nominatiuri konstruqciisaa: koCi noWkirue xorcis `kaci

Wrida Turme xorcs~, maSin, roca wyvetilisgan nawarmoeb III

seriis mwkrivebSi datiuri konstruqciaa: kos duWkiru xor-

ci `kacs dauWria xorci~.

2) istoriulad isini sxvadasxva drois warmonaqmnebia

(no-iani formebi axalia).

162

3) xilul da uxilav mwkrivTa Soris aseTi mimarTebaa:

zmnebi, romelTac xilul dro-kiloebSi moepovebaT orive (I

da II) jgufis nakvTebi, uxilav dro-kiloebSi aqvT Sesabami-

sad orive (III da IV) jgufis nakvTebi.

xiluli drois mwkrivebi

(I seria)

uxilavi drois mwkrivebi

(IV seria)

awmyo TurmeobiTi III

vWkirunq `vWri~ novWkirueq `miWria Turme~

virduuq `vizrdebi~ novrdueq `mizrdia Turme~

vragadanq `vlaparakob~ novragadueq `milaparakia Turme~

uwyveteli TurmeobiTi IV

vWkirundi `vWridi~ novWkiruedi

virduudi `vizrdebodi~ novrduedi

vragadandi `vlaparakobdi~ novragaduedi

kavSirebiTi I kavSirebiTi IV

vWkirunda `vWride~ novWkirueda

virduuda `vizrdebode~ novrdueda

vragadanda `vlaparakobde~ novragadueda

pirobiTi I pirobiTi IV

vWkirundikon `rom vWridi~ novWkiruediko(n)

virduudikon `rom vizrde-

bodi~

novrduedikon

xiluli drois mwkrivebi

(II seria)

uxilavi drois mwkrivebi

(III seria)

wyvetili TurmeobiTi I

vWkiri `vWeri~ miWkiru `miWria~

virdi `(ga)vizarde~ vrdeleq `gazrdilvar~

kavSirebiTi II TurmeobiTi II

vWkira `eWra~ miWkirudu `(ga)meWra~

virda `(ga)vizardo~ vrdeledi `gavzrdiliyavi~

pirobiTi II pirobiTi III

vWkiriko(n) `rom meWra~ miWkirudukon `rom (ga)meWra~

virdikon `rom gavzrdiliyavi~ vrdeledikon `rom gavzrdiliyavi~

163

4) zmnebs, romlebsac xilul droSi mxolod I seriis

mwkrivebi aqvT, uxilav droSi mxolod maTi Sesabamisi Tur-

meobiTis, e.i. no prefiqsiani (IV seriis) mwkrivebi aqvT:

awmyo: uCqu _ icis TurmeobiTi III: noCqve

¹uns _ hyavs... no¹ve uwyveteli: uCqudu TurmeobiTi IV: noCqvedu

¹undu no¹vedu kavSirebiTi I: uCqudas kavSirebiTi IV: noCqvedas

¹undas no¹vedas pirobiTi I: uCqudukon pirobiTi IV: noCqveduko(n)

¹undukon no¹venduko(n)

aseTia statikuri zmnebi ZiriTadad: ¹uns _ no¹ve, lurs _ nolurue, aWu _ noWue, ¹umens _ no¹umenue, mikoCans _ miknoCe `sxmevia~.

gamonaklisia `ore~ zmna, romelsac ara aqvs saTanado

mwkrivebi uxilav droSi.

5) zmnebs, romelTac xilul dro-kiloebSi mxolod II

seriis mwkrivebi aqvT, uxilav droebSi mxolod maTi Sesaba-

misi wyvetilis TurmeobiTebis (III s.) mwkrivebi aqvT.

xiluli dro uxilavi dro

(II seria) (III seria)

wyvetili: midarTu `wavida~ _ TurmeobiTi I: midurTumu

TurmeobiTi II: midurTumudu

kavSirebiTi II: midarTas _ kavSirebiTi III: midurTumudas

`midarTu~-s I seriaSi potencialisis forma moepoveba:

midaarTe, midaarTedu, midaarTedas, midaarTedukon. radgan es

I seriisaa, mas uxilav droSi Sesabamisi mwkrivebi (no-) gaaC-

nia: midnorTumue, midnorTumuedu, midnorTumuedas, midnor-

Tumuedukon.

164

6) agebulebiT IV seriis formebi aRweriTi xasiaTisaa:

no _ u afiqsebiT nawarmoeb mimReobas daerTvis òren~ meS-

veli zmna: no-Wkir-u(n) _ no-Wkir-u-(o)re(n)

no prefiqsi megrul mimReobebSi SezRuda qarTulidan

SeTvisebulma na-m: na-Wara `naweri~, na-ragada `naTqvami~, na-

rCqila `nasmeni~...

Semonaxulia no prefiqsianebic: no-kveTi `nakveTi~, no-

Wveri `nawvavi~, no-Sqveri `naxSiri~ (ars. saxelia axla).

u sufiqsi ki igivea, rac Wanuri masdaris u: oWaru

`wera~, oxaCqu `Tesva~. mi-War-u-(n) da no-p-War-u-e-q.

7) sxvaoba III da IV seriis formebs Soris pirSicaa:

III seriaSi sampiriani zmna orpiriani xdeba: uWaruns Tina

Tis Tis ùwers is mas mas~ _ Tur. I: douWaru Tis Tina

(TiSa) `dauweria mas is (misTvis)~, magram IV seriaSi sampi-

rianoba daculia: noWarue Tina Tis Tis `swerda Turme is

mas mas~.

a) aRsaniSnavia, rom zmnis forma IV seriaSi erTnairia

absolutur da relatiur formaTaTvis.

absoluturi (I pirobiTi): ityobî ìmaleba~

TurmeobiTi III: notyobinue `damalula~

relatiuri (II pirobiTi): atyobî èmaleba~ TurmeobiTi IV: notyobinue `damalula Turme~

aseve saziaro formebi aqvT IV seriaSi moqmedebiT, vne-

biT da saSualo gvaris zmnebs:

noxaSuedu = 1) is xarSavda Turme mas, 2) is ixarSe-

boda Turme (vnebiTi)

awmyos TurmeobiTis nakveTebi (IV seria) ar icis aR-

mosavleT saqarTvelos dialeqtebma, igi gvxvdeba dasavleT

dialeqtebSi: imerulSi, raWul-leCxumurSi: i biWs nayvareba

i gogo; monavala da monaqona racxa; leqsebsac nawera; ba-

zarSi ganareba; fuls naxarjava...

agebulebiT eseni erTia: nawera (<*na-wer+ars), Sdr.

noWarue(n) < *noWar-u-ore(n). aseTi warmoeba dasavlur ki-

loebSi megrulis gavlenas miewereba da gviandeli movlenaa,

III seriis Camoyalibebis Semdgomi periodisa. IV seriis for-

165

mebi gurulma, aWarulma ar icis. ratom? mosalodneli ki

iyo. zanizmebi rom aris gurulSi, im droisTvis megrulSi

ar unda yofiliyo no prefiqsiani warmoeba IV seriisa, To-

rem gurulSic darCeboda. aseTi warmoeba gviandelia.

IV seriis Camoyalibeba Sepirobebulia morfologiuri

ganviTarebis Sinagani kanoniT, seriaTa sistemiT: Tu II seri-

is (xilul droebs) formebs gauCndaT uxilav droTa mwkri-

vebi (III seria), aseve unda gasCenodaT I seriis xiluli

drois formebs uxilav droTa mwkrivebi (IV) da gaiCines ki-

dec. aRmosavlur dialeqtebSi ar gaCenila... ratom? unda ki

yofiliyo...

(ix. g. rogava, dro-kiloTa meoTxe jgufis nakvTebi

qarTvelur enebSi: ike, V, 1953).

sawyisi da mimReoba

sawyisi:

WanurSi sawyiss awarmoebs o_u afiqsi: o-War-u `wera~,

o-gub-u `xarSva~, o-kiTx-u `kiTxva~, okvaTu `Wra, kveTa~,

oyvilu `klva~...

o prefiqsi WanurSi ara gvaqvs, Tu zmnas preverbi da-

erTvis da rCeba marto u: mo-gal-u `motana~, me-Cam-u `mice-

ma~, `me-xir-u~ moparva, ge-dval-u `dadeba~, ge-mal-u `Cata-

na~...

n. mari sawyisis mawarmoeblad Tvlida o TavsarTs, xo-

lo bolo u wyvetilis S3 niSani u egona: War-u dawera>o-

Waru. sinamdvileSi S3-is u sxvaa, xolo masdaris u sul

sxva odenobaa, morfologiuri omonimebia mxolod: rogorc

dawera-s (S3) a ar aris sawyisis wera-s a, aseve araa S3-is u

masdaris u.

Wanuri o_u tipis warmoeba iseTia, rogoric qarTuli

sa_a: sa-lmob-a, sa-xareb-a. sxvaoba am tipis waroebaSi isaa,

rom WanurSi masdari wyvetilis fuZisgan iwarmoeba, qar-

TulSi _ awmyosagan.

166

ase rom, prefiqs-sufiqsuri warmoeba WanuriviT unda

hqonoda uZveles qarTuls. WanurSi iSviaTad aris a-Ti na-

warmoebi sawyisebi, rac axali unda iyos SedarebiT. Squrin-a

`SiSi~, Tanaf-a `Teneba~, Tqual-a `Tqma~, mtkoCal-a `srola~,

gekiTxaf-a `mikiTxva~, Tival-a `Tibva~ (n. mari).

aseTi warmoeba WanurSi meoreulia da Sesulia qarTu-

lidan Tu megrulidan.

megrulSi ZiriTadad qarTuliseburi warmoebaa (-a su-

fiqsiani). cxadia, es -a qarTulidanaa Sesuli megrulSi: Wa-

rua `wera~, kvaTua `kveTa~, Wkirua `Wra~, Wkomua `Wama~, mag-

ram raRaa masdaris -a-s rom win uZRvis is u?

raa es u: barg-u-a `marglva~, lax-u-a `galaxva~, Wkir-

u-a `Wra~? a. CiqobavaTi es is u aris, rac Wanur masdarSia

(o-War-u) (ix. saxelis fuZis uZvelesi agebuleba qarTvelur

enebSi, 1942, gv. 241). Cven gvgonia, rom megrulSi War-u-a-s

tipis warmoebaSi gamovlenili u ar SeiZleba igive odenoba

iyos, rac masdaris mawarmoebeli u WanurSi. Zneli warmo-

sadgenia, rom adgilobriv mawarmoebel u-s darTvoda Semdeg-

Si nasesxebi a, e.i. gvqondes masdaris mrCobli warmoeba. uf-

ro safiqrebelia, rom megruli u iyos Tematuri niSnis

xmovniTi elementi, -un sufiqsis naSTi. rom asea es, amas is

adasturebs, rom:

1) sawyisSi u sistematurad maSin vlindeba, Tu zmnas

awmyoSi Temis niSnad un aqvs: War-un-s _ Warua, kvaT-un-s _

kvaTua, gor-u-a `Zebna~, bar-u-a `barva~, Wof-u-a `Wera~,

barg-u-a `margvla~ _ Tux-u-a `darTva~, kir-u-a `(Se)kvra~,

sof-u-a `xeTqva~/`(da)xeva~.

2) Tu zmnas Temis niSnad –un ara aqvs, sawyisSic u

ara Cans.

u ara Cans _an Temis niSnianebTan (an>a, xolo es a Se-

erwya masdaris a-s: rki-an-s > rkia (<*rkiaa) `kivili~,

o¹oTans >¹oTama `srola~, ojRonans > jRona `ZRvna~, Ror-

an-s >Rora (<*Roraa) `Rriali~, wi-an-s >wia (<*wiaa) `wi-vili~.

167

3) masdaris a-s win gamovlenil u-s igive adgili uWi-

ravs, rogoric awmyos mawarmoebel sxva sufiqsebs: af, eb,

of, al.

af: rRv-af-a `yra~, cqv-af-a `qeba~, g-af-a (ogans

`agebs~, fun-af-a _ ofunuans `duReba _ aduRebs~).

eb: (nasesxebia qarTulidan): gauCar-eb-a `gaSaveba~, kin-

eb-a `xelSi daWera~, gaT-eb-a `gaTaveba~.

of: ¹or-of-a (mi¹orofuans) `siyvaruli, yvareba (miyva-

rebs)~, golof-a `gvalva~.

al: rd-u-al-a `zrda~, W-u-al-a `wva~, cqum-al-a `qeba~.

kvaTun-a >kvaTua (wyvetilis formis garCevis mizniT n

daikarga) `kveTa~.

sasubieqto mimReobebSia u: maguruu, moRuruu. es u

igive TemisniSniseuli u aris.

maSasadame, u-c amave sufiqsebis rigs ekuTvnis. megrul-

Si sawyisis daboloebad modis –iri: kiTx-iri `kiTxva~, ¹id-ir-i `yidva~.

es -ir qarTuli -i-l-is formadaa miCneuli (tir-i-l-i,

tkiv-i-l-i, qux-i-l-i, surv-i-l-i...)

megrulSi aris `pirveladi masdaric~ (qarT. TamaSi,

laparaki, titini, griali, Wriali... eseni moqmedeba-mdgomare-

obis aRmniSvneli pirveladi saxelebia. aqedan iwarmoeba zmna

`TamaSobs, titinebs~): ragadi `laparaki~, kankali, WkirWkini

`Wriali~, bancali... amaT masdaris sufiqsebi ar daerTvis,

e.i. masdari ar ewarmoebaT, radgan Tavidanve es sufiqsebi

SinaarsiT gadmoscemen moqmedeba-mdgomareobas.

megruls daucavs Wanuriseburi warmoebac sawyisisa

o _ u-iani garkveul konstruqciaSi: roca sawyisi 1) ubra-

lo damatebaa (kiTxva: raSi? _ oWkirus oxvaru `WraSi exma-

reba~) 2) miznis garemoebaa (Tandebuliani): o-guraf-u-Sa me-

urs `saswavleblad midis~, osxapu-Sa meurs `sacekvaod mi-

dis~...

168

mimReoba:

WanurSi moqmedebiTi gvaris mimReobebs awarmoebs:

m_al-e: m-bon-al-e `mbaneli~, mWale `mkeravi~, mamcqvale

`maqebari~, mabirale `momRerali~, mayvilale `mkvleli~,

mrdale `mzrdeli~, mWkomale `mWameli~, mSumale `msmeli~...

m_u: m-CaliS-u `mkeTebeli~, m-wil-u `mkrefavi~, m-win-u

`mwonavi~, m-qTul-u `mxvneli~, m-xaCq-u `mTesveli~, m-Sum-u

`msmeli~, m-Wkom-u `mWameli~.

vnebiTi gvaris (saSuali gvaris) mimReobas (warsuli

droisa) WanurSi awarmoebs -er: xom-er-i `mSrali~, tibineri

`gamTbari~, ZReri `gamZRari~, doxuneri `damjdari~, mesqiine-

ri `Camqrali~, njieli `mZinare~, xTimeri `wasuli~, rderi

`Camqrali~. -er awarmoebs saerTod warsulis mimReobas

(obieqtis mimReobas): xon-er-i, kiTxeri `wakiTxuli~, Wkome-

ri `SeWmuli~, xaCqeri `daTesili~, Weri `Sekerili~, boneri

`dabanili~, giberi `moxarSuli~, Wveri `Semnari~, qimojeri

`gaTxovili~.

sasubieqto mimReobas (gardauval zmnebTan) awarmoebs

m(a) _ al: ma-mxoron-al-e `mocekvave~, masTerale `moTamaSe~,

mcxontale `mxtunavi~, mamyofalu `mosiyvarule~ (mainkraxe

_ moZvle).

momavali drois mimReoba WanurSi ornairad iwarmoeba:

1) o_al // o_on afiqsebiT (preverbian mimReobebs –o

ara aqvT).

o_al: o-Wkom-al-e `saWmeli~, dol-o-qun-al-e `Casacme-

li~, o-Wkad-al-e `saWedeli~, o-qos-al-e `sacocxe, sagveli~,

o-qaC-al-e `saWerTa dasamagrebeli~. gÁ-o-Tum-al-e `dasaxu-

ravi~.

o_on: o-Sum-on-i `sasmeli~ (~wkari), o-tax-on-i `yana~, o-nax-on-i `sarecxi~, o-wkim-oni `gasaxsneli, dasaSleli~, o-

wkial-on-i `zari~, `sarekeli~, o-Cil-on-i `sacolianebeli~,

do-rgum-on-i `dasargavi~, gamaConi `gasayidi~ (gasacemi).

2) meore tipi Wanuri myofadis mimReobisa iwarmoeba

sxvagvarad, aRebulia sawyisis naTesaobiTis forma, romelsac

169

zogjer -Seni (=Tva `Tvis~) Tandebuli daerTvis. es tipia

gavrcelebuli dRes WanurSi:

o-xonu-S-i `sakeTebeli~ o-win-u-S-i àsawoni~

o-War-u-S-i `saweri~ o-Wu-S-i `sawvavi, sacxobi~

o-kiTx-u-S-i `sakiTxavi~ o-xTim-u-S-i `wasasvleli~

o-nax-u-S-i `sarecxi~ o-rd-u-S-i `gasazrdeli~

o-gib-u-S-i `saxarSi~ o-gor-u-S-i `saZebari~

ase rom, WanurSi myofadSi paraleluri formebi gvaqvs.

obonale // obonuSi `sabaneli~

oWkomale // oWkomuSi `saWmeli~

oSimoni // oSumuSi `sasmeli~

oCiloni // oCiluSi `dasaqorwinebeli~

onaxoni // onaxuSi `dasarecxi~ da a.S.

myofadis mimReobis funqciiTa naxmari mimarTulebiT

brunvaSi dasmuli sawyisi, romelic mizans gamoxatavs:

igzalu bereS ogoruSa `wavida bavSvis saZebnad~ (=Zv.

qarT.: Zebnad).

mendaxTu mgeiS oyviluSa `wavida mglis mosaklavad~

(=Zv. qarT.: kvlad).

sawyiss aseTi mniSvneloba maSin aqvs, roca igi damoki-

debulia sxva zmnaze (`wavida~...), sxvagan sawyisi mimarTule-

biT brunvaSi mizans ar gadmoscems: muquraS exTimuSa sum

saaTire `mzis amosvlamdis sami saaTia~...

iSviaTad WanurSi saxelobiT brunvaSi mdgari sawyisi

myofadis mimReobis rols asrulebs, aseTebia: doloqunu (=

1. Cacma, 2. Casacmeli), modvalu: kuCxeS ~ `fexsacmeli~,

`fexze Cacma~. moTvalu `daxurva~//`dasaxuravi~.

daskvna: irkveva, rom WanurSi o prefiqsi saerTo ma-

warmoebelia sawyisisa da mimReobisa. magram sawyisSi u pre-

fiqsicaa. mimReobaSic vlindeba es u: 1) moqmedebiTi gvaris

mimReoba: mCaliS-u `mSromeli~, mwin-u `mwonavi~, mSum-u

`msmeli~...

2) mimReobis uaryofiT formebSi: umonW-u ùmwifari~

= `mouwevari~ (monWaferi _ moweuli, mwife). u-gib-u `mou-

xarSavi~, u-nCxvar-u `daucexvavi~, u-njir-u ùZinari~. aseTi

170

u megrulSicaa: uguraf-u `uswavleli~, uTas-u `dauTesavi~,

uZiraf-u `unaxavi~, unax-u `gaurecxavi~...

es imas niSnavs, rom sawyisisa da mimReobis diferencia-

cia gviandeli movlenaa (Sdr. Zv. qarT. saqme = 1. gasakeTebe-

li, 2. qmna).

megrulSi mimReobis (moq. gv.) mawarmoebelia:

ma_al: ma-War-al-i `mwerali~, maTasali `mTesavi~, maWa-

li `mkeravi~, maxonali `mxvneli~, magorali `maZebari~, maT-

xorali `mTxreli~... es afiqsebi saerToa WanurTan

(m-ban-al-e)

ma_u: ma-Ruru-u `momakvdavi~, ma-goru-u `maZebari~,

ma-guraf-u... (asea Wan. m-Cal-S-u `mSromeli~, mwilu `mkrefa-

vi~). (= qarT. mo_el: momWreli: ma-Wkiru-u).

ma_e: ma-¹id-e `myidveli~, ma-rCqi-e `mxedveli~, ma-jin-e

`mnaxveli~, ma-ra-gad-e `mTqmeli~...

ma_enj: (statikur zmnebTan): ma-r-enj-i `myofi, macxov-

rebeli~, lur-enj-i `mZinare~, gimaxvenj-i `mjdomare, mjdo-

mi~, mart-enji `gamqcevi~ (Zv. q. `mteobari~) (moq. gv. zmneb-

Tan): ma-x-enj-i (<maxiruenji) `mparavi~.

-enj sufiqsi ixmareba namyos mimReobasTanac: narenji

`namyofi~, na-xvenji `najdomi~.

-enj ixmareba myofadis mimReobasTanac: orenji `sayo-

leli, anu rac gyavs~, `saqoneli~, oxvenji `dasajdomi~, or-

cxonji `savarcxeli~.

am sufiqsSi n CanarTia, -ej ki morfologiuri da fo-

netikuri Sesatyvisi qarTuli -ar-isa: (qarT. a = megr.

e: ZarRvi _ jerRvi, moZRvari _ jRveri, tyavi _ tyebi...)

qarT. r. = megr. j: ceri _ Canji, wveri _ wvanji, xari

_ xoji.

e.i. megr. enj (=ej) = qarT. ar: gimar-enj-i / mdgom-ar-

e, lur-enj-i / mZin-ar-e...

(ix. v. Tofuria, enj sufiqsi megrulSi: enimkis moambe,

I, 1937).

warsuli drois mimReobas megrulSi awarmoebs -il

(<-ir): War-il-i `werili~, guraf-il-i `naswavli~, naxv-il-

171

i/rCx-il-i `garecxili~, goWiTinaf-il-i `gawiTlebuli~,

xon-ir-i `moxnuli~, Tas-ir-i `daTesili~, bum-ir-i `bmuli~...

-el (<er): Sqvid-el-i // Sqvid-er-i `mxrCvali~, gojog-

er-i `moZulebuli~, rZR-el-i `maZRari~, Rur-el-i `mkvdari~,

donjir-el-i `dawolili~, edgin-el-i `amdgari~.

na: na-rZRefi `naZRomi~, na-Sqvidefi `naxrCobi~, na-¹oTe-mi `nasroli~.

na_a: na-War-a `naweri~, na-xon-a `naxnavi~, na-Tas-a `na-

Tesi~, na-barg-a `namargli~, na-rCqi-a `nasmeni~...

-ul (nasesxebia qarTulidan): Sqiren-ul-i `mSuxi~, da-

badeb-ul-i `dabadebuli~, ¹umen-ul-i `mwyurvali~.

myofadis mimReobas awarmoebs:

o_al (<*do_ar): o-War-al-i `saweri~, o-xon-al-i

`saxnavi~, o-Tas-al-i `saTesi~, o-Wkom-al-i `saWmeli~,

o-¹vil-ar-i `saklavi~, o-rZRaf-al-i `saZRomi~, o-rCx-al-i

`sarecxi~.

o_e: o-xvam-e. o_er: o-xvam-er-i `salocavi~.

o_ur: o-gaf-ur-i `gadasaxadi~, o-sxap-ur-i `sacekvao~

(daniSnulebis saxelebia).

o_enj: o-r-enj-i `sadgomisi~, o-xv-enj-i `sajdomi~

(daniSnulebis saxelebia).

Wanurisebri warmoeba myofadis mimReobis masdaris

formiT (oWaruSi `saweri~) megruls ar axasiaTebs. magram

megrulSi Wanuris msgavsad mimarTulebiT brunvaSi dasmuli

sawyisi = myofadis mimReobas: oxaCquSa, oTasuSa meurs

(Toxnad, Tesvad midis).

qarTulSi aris erTgvari tipi mimReobebisa (myofadisa):

saÃnisi, sadgisi, sagodiri, sagbolisi, sawyisi, ax.qarT.: sak-

marisi, sasmisi, samzadisi...

aseTi warmoeba sa-qm-e tipis warmoebisgan unda modio-

des. sasmisi <*sasmeisi

amis analogiuria megrulSi: o-bir-e-S-i `sa-mRer-is-i~,

o-lenty-e-S-i `sa-gorv-is-i~, o-Wkadu-e-S-i `sa-Wed-is-i~.

172

megrulis es warmoeba igive unda iyos, rac Wanuris

oTasuSi `saTesi~. ase rom, megruli da Wanuri mimReobis

warmoebaSi erTmaneTs didad ar scildebian.

warmoqmna. sityvaTwarmoeba

sityvas ornairi cvlileba moudis: 1) fleqsia anu mi-

moxra (bruneba) 2) derivacia anu warmoqmna. brunebisas miRe-

buli formebi erTia leqsikurad da gansxvavebulia gramati-

kulad. warmoqmniT miRebuli formebi ki gansxvavebulia leq-

sikurad. saxeli, romlisagan sxva saxelia nawarmoebi, aris

Zireuli, xolo misgan sxva SinaarsiT gakeTebuli saxeli _

warmoqmnili. xSirad warmoqmnili saxeli sxva metyvelebis

nawilia, vidre Zireuli.

Sinaarsis mixedviT warmoqmnili saxelebi jgufdeba: ge-

ografiuli, warmomavlobis, qonebis, uqonlobis, daniSnule-

bis, kninobiTobis, xelobis, wina viTarebis, abstraqtulobis.

geografiul saxelebs awarmoebs:

-eT: Wan.: kostan-eT-i, maqr-eT-i, hanWur-eT-i.

megr.: sergi-eT-i

-aT: Wan.: meli-aT-i, dudnev-aT-i, maman-aT-i;

megr.: abed-aT-i, sergi-aT-i, jum-aT-i (guriaSi),

sefi-aT-i.

le_e: (nasesxebia svanuridan): le-xaindr-e, le-ZaZam-e,

le-foCxu-e, le-siWin-e.

na_o: na-jaxav-o, na-xarebav-o, na-gvazav-o, na-geberav-o.

no_(en): no-jix-en-i, no-qalaq-en-i...

sa_o: (qarTulidanaa!): sa-lipartian-o, sa-joli-o.

warmomavlobis saxelebi:

-ur: banZ-ur-i, sarf-ur-i/sarf-ul-i, zugdid-ur-i (= 1. zug-

diduri 2. zugdideli).

-ar: banZ-ar-efi, zugdid-ar-ef-i... odiS-ar-i, marg-ar-i/marg-

al-i... aWar-ar-i (>aWarali, aWareli)...

173

-li: (Turqulidan nasesxebi): aTin-a-li àTineli~, baTum-li

`baTumeli~ (n. marTan).

qonebis saxelebi:

-on: jum-on-i `mariliani~, Seqer-on-i `Saqriani~, nost-on-i

`gemrieli~, arTol-on-i `calTvala~

-on megrulSic unda yofiliyo: gvimar-on-i `gvimrnari~, Wu-

bur-on-a `wablnari~, qval-on-i `qviani, qvavnari~ (Sdr.

qarTulSi: tirif-on-a. sufiqsi Wanuria).

(ix. a. Ciqobava, -on sufiqsi megrulSi, tfilisis sax.

un-is moambe, VI, 1926).

-iar: nos-iar-i `Wkviani~, Tomal-»ar-i `Tmiani~ // Tom-on-i. -am (megrulSia = ian): Tom-am-i `Tmiani~, Wku-am-i `Wkviani,

Wkuiani~, far-am-i `fuliani~, baRan-am-i `bavSviani~...

daniSnulebis saxelebi:

o_e: o-qoTum-e/oqoTome `saqme~, o-Rej-e `saRore~, o-gvaj-e

`sabudari~, o-cxen-e `sacxene~.

kninobiTi saxelebi:

-a//ia: baba-i-a, nana-i-a, ortvini-a, Tamuri-a Тамарочка

-xu: xe-xu `ручка~, `xel-uk-a~.

-ot: lak-ot-i `lekvi~ (Wan.)

abstraqtuli saxelebi:

-ala: boS-ala `biWoba~, xenwif-ala `xelmwifoba~;

-ana: koC-ana `kacoba~;

-oba (qarT.) baRan-oba `bavSvoba~, vaJkac-oba, jimal-oba `Zmo-

ba~, jgir-obua `sikeTe, kargoba~, Rej-oba `Roroba~.

nawarmoebi zedsarTavi saxelebi:

-ian: ase-ian-i àxlandeli~, woxo-ian-i `winandeli~, Taq-ian-i

àqauri~, gemo-ian-i>gemuani `gemrieli~;

-ni: Tudo-ni `qveda~, Jido-ni `zeda~, woxole-ni `wina~;

-Ci: ¹in-Ci (¹ini `yinuli~, `mkacri, civi~);

174

-er: goRan-er-i `guSindeli~, gowon-er-i `SarSandeli~, Ru-

man-er-i `wuxandeli~;

-ar: amdR-ar-i `dRevandeli~.

uqonlobis saxeli:

u_e: u-Rnos-e, meg. u-Wku-e ùWkuo~, u-dud-e ùTavo~,

u-osur-e ùcolo~;

u-: u-Ca Savi = ùTeTro~, ¹ur-u ùyuro~. -ga (megrulSi): tvin-ga ùtvino~, ¹un-ga `yru~, nir-ga ùz-

rdeli~, xan-ga `giJi~. es ga sufiqsi nasesxebia meg-

rulSiAafxazur-ubixur-adiReuri enebidan, radganac ga

gamoxatavs: nakls, arqonas: adiReuri: koaWa `Rone~,

koaWa-ga ùRono~. xanga afxazuridanaa nasesxebi: `xa~

Tavi, `ga~ _ u, e.i. uTavo>giJi. Aase rom, tvinga _ ut-

vino, ¹unga _ uyuro. magram ver xerxdeba Zireuli

mniSvnelobis mikvleva: buga, Cviga, nirga, luga (g. ro-

gava, afxazur-ubixur-adiReuri ga- sufiqsi megrulSi,

saq. mec. ak. moambe, III, 6, 1942.)

Toli-ge, RoronTi-ge `RmerTmani~, raa -ge?

RoronTige< RoronTgie. senakurSi: Rorondgie (asimi-

laciiT). `gie~ = Tavze Semovleba locvisas, e. i. Tavze Se-

moivle RmerTi. megr.: RoronTgie, qoTqvi marTai. `Tu Rmer-

Ti gwams (aba, RmerTi Semoivle Tavze), Tqvi marTali!~ ami-

tom xom araa, rom am formas _ `RoronTgie~ ufro msmeneli

xmarobs mosaubris mimarT?

RoronTu-me `RmerTmani~. xom araa aq qarTuli `me~

nacvalsaxeli odindeli, diferenciaciamdeli megrulSi?

Sdr. qarT. Wiri-me /oRond: megr.: Wirima. Tu qarT. me =

megr. ma, aq ratom araa? RmrTis saxeli rom iyo, imitom

xom ar epyrobodnen krZalviT da Seinaxes ucvlelad?

u albaT m-s mezoblobaSia gaCenili i-sgan (Sdr. i. yif-

SiZe, 018)

-ge calke aris? TiTqos aris: ge-Sa: sqani geSa ina di-

di re `SenTan SedarebiT is didia~. geSa mimarTulebiTi

175

brunvis formaa, amitomaa, rom mas Tandebuli x/xi daerTvis.

sqan geSax ina qversemi re~ (ge-Sa-x) `SenTan SedarebiT is

uzarmazari aris~.

ge Ziri albaT gadmoscemda `Sedareba~/ `msgavseba~-s.Ees

ge igive gu `hgavs~ aris? _ Tolige `Tvalsadaro~, Surige

`sulsadaro~.

176

nana danelia, inga dundua

megrulis

praqtikuli kursi

I.

CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebi: es – ena//Tena//aTena

is – ina//Tina//eTina

kiTxviTi nacvalsaxelebi: vin? – mi(n)?, ra?_ mu?

mu re Tena? -_ ra aris es? - Tena re oTaxi/u. // Tena oTax(i) re.

- es aris oTaxi. // es oTaxia.

- Tena re saTi. // Tena saT(i) re.

- es aris saaTi. // es saaTia.

- Tena re ¹ude. // Tena ¹ude re. - es aris saxli. // es saxlia.

mu re Tina? _ ra aris is?

- Tina re suraTi. // Tina suraTi re.

- is aris suraTi. // is suraTia.

- Tina re ja. // Tina ja re.

- is aris xe. // is xea.

- Tina re Cai. // Tina Cai re.

- is aris Cai. // is Caia.

177

mi(n) re Tena? _ vin aris es?

- Tena re ZRabi. // Tena ZRabi re.

- es aris gogo. // es gogoa.

- Tena re dida(nana). // Tena dida(nana) re.

- es aris deda. // es dedaa.

- Tena re bebi//dadi. // Tena bebi//dadi re.

- es aris bebia. // es bebiaa.

mi(n) re Tina? _ vin aris is?

- Tina re baRana. // Tina baRana re.

- is aris bavSvi. // is bavSvia.

- Tina re muma. // Tina muma re.

- is aris mama. // is mamaa.

- Tina re babu. // Tina babu re.

- is aris babua. // is babuaa.

axali sityvebi:

ojaxi:

dida – deda

muma – mama

bebi – bebia

babu – babua

jima – Zma

da – da

cirasqua - qaliSvili

Cili//osuri – coli

osuri _ qali

qomonji – qmari

dei – deida

mami – mamida

jimasqua//jimaskua – ZmisSvili

dasqua//daskua – disSvili

baRana – bavSvi

squa//skua – Svili

moTa – SviliSvili

bico – bicola

biZisqua//biZiskua – biZaSvili

mamdasqua//mamdaskua – mamidaSvili

deidasqua//deidaskua – deidaSvili

178

II.

piris nacvalsaxelebia:

ma _ me

si _ Sen

mu _ is `TviTon~ (xSirad mesame piris aRsaniSnavad ixmareba

CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebi es da is: ena, ina//Tena, Tina//

aTena, eTina)

Cq¸//Cqi _ Cven Tqva _ Tqven

munefi (`TviTon~ isini) / Tinefi – isini

ma voreq me var

si (o)req Sen xar

mu /Tina (o)re(n) is aris

Cq¸ voreT Cven varT

Tqva (o)reT Tqven xarT

munefi /Tinefi (o)rena(n) isini arian

ma vavoreq me ar(a) var

si vareq Sen ar(a) xar

mu /Tina vare(n) is ar aris

Cq¸ vavoreT Cven

ar(a) varT

Tqva vareT Tqven ar(a) xarT

munefi / Tinefi varena(n) isini ar arian

waikiTxeT winadadebebi:

a ¹ude. Tena re stoli. Tina re skami. a wingi, rveu-

li//tetradi do kalami//pero. a gazeTefi. Tena oze re. Tena

jalefi re. ma cira voreq. si baRana req. mu koCi re. Cq¸

179

osurkaTa//osurefi voreT. Tqva qomolkaTa//qomolefi reT.

Tinefi boSefi rena.

axali sityvebi:

a – ai

ZRabi – gogo

¹ude – saxli

stoli//sToli (стол) – magida

tetradi (тетрадь) – rveuli

wingi//wigni – wigni

do – da (kavSiri)

oze – ezo

ja _ xe

megrulSi mravlobiTis niSania – ef(=qarTul – eb-s).

koCi (kaci) koC-ef-i

osuri (qali) osur-ef-i

boSi (biWi) boS-ef-i

¹ude (saxli) ¹ude-ef-i / ¹ud-ef-i katu (kata) katu-ef-i

qorTu (qarTveli) qorTu-ef-i

Tu arsebiTi saxeli a-ze mTavrdeba da ukvecelia, maSin is

mravlobiTSi –ef- niSnis win CairTavs l-s

jima (Zma) jimal-ef-i

da (da) dal-ef-i

bJa (mze) bJal-ef-i

dida (deda) didal-ef-i//did-ef-i

muma (mama) mumal-ef-i//mum-ef-i

(f)ska (futkari) (f)skal-ef-i

¹a (toti) ¹al-ef-i

dRa (dRe) dRal-ef-i

ja (xe) jal-ef-i

Txa (Txa) Txal-ef-i

Zga (kide) Zgal-ef-i

skua//squa (Svili) skual-ef-i//squal-ef-i

180

moTa (SviliSvili) moTal-ef-i

tya ( tye) tyal-ef-i

wka (kurka) wkal-ef-i

am wesidan gamonaklisia ramdenime sityva, romelic bolo

xmovans ikvecs:

cira (qaliSvili) cir-ef-i

baRana (bavSvi) baRan-ef-i

kaba (kaba) kab-ef-i

Tuma//Toma (Tma) Tum-ef-i//Tom-ef-i

warmomavlobis sufiqsebia: ur(//ul) da ar(//al):

zug(d)id-ur-i (1. zugdiduri, 2. zugdideli)

zug(d)id-ar-i (= zugdideli)

quTeS-ur-i (1. quTaisuri, 2. quTaiseli)

quTeS-ar-i (= quTaiseli)

sofel-ur-i (1. sofluri, 2. sofleli)

sofel-ar-i (= sofleli)

Sdr: opiz-ar-i, olTis-ar-i

sarf-ur/(ul)-i (= 1. sarfuli, 2. sarfeli)

sarf-ar/(al)-i (= sarfeli)

mi(n)? _ vin?

- mi(n) voreq ma? - ma voreq nana.

- mi(n) req si? - si req giorgi.

- mi(n) re mu/Tina? - mu/Tina re koCi

- mi(n) voreT Cq¸? - Cq¸ voreT osurefi. - mi(n) reT Tqva? - Tqva reT baRanefi.

- mi(n) rena munefi/Tinefi? - munefi/Tinefi rena

uCitelefi//maswavlebelefi.

- mi(n) re Tena? - Tena re salome

- mi(n) re Tina? - Tina re mezobeli//meZobeli.

- vin var me? - me var nana.

- vin xar Sen? - Sen xar giorgi.

- vin aris is? - is aris kaci.

- vin varT Cven? - Cven varT qalebi.

- vin xarT Tqven? - Tqven xarT bavSvebi.

181

- vin arian isini? - isini arian maswavleblebi.

- vin aris es? - es aris salome.

- vin aris is? - is aris mezobeli.

mu? – ra?

- mu re Tena? - Tena re gazeTi.

- Tena gazeT(i) reno? - vari, Tena gazeT(i) va re.

- Tena wing(i) reno? - qo, Tena wing(i) re.

- Tina stol(i) reno? - vari, Tina stol(i) va re, Tina

skam(i) re.

- eTina bJa reno? - qo, eTina bJa re.

- mi(n) rena Tinefi? - Tinefi studentef(i) rena.

- mi(n) rena Tenefi? - Tenefi boSefi rena.

- mu re Tena//Tenefi? - Tena//Tenefi re gazeTefi.

-Mmu re Tina//Tinefi? - Tena//Tinefi ¹udeefi re.

- ra aris es? - es aris gazeTi.

- es gazeTia? - ara, es gazeTi ar aris.

- es wignia? - diax, es wignia.

- is magidaa? - ara, is magida ar aris, is skamia.

- is mzea? - diax, is mzea.

- vin arian isini? - isini studentebi arian.

- vin arian eseni? - eseni biWebi arian.

- ra aris es//eseni? - es//eseni aris gazeTebi.

- ra aris is//isini? - is//isini saxlebia.

axali sityvebi:

var(i) – ar(a) (uaryofiTi nawilaki)

qo – ki (dadasturebiTi nawilaki)

mezobeli//meZobeli – mezobeli

182

savarjiSoebi: 1. CasviT mravlobiTSi:

stoli ------------------------------

skami -----------------------------------

¹ude ---------------------------------- cira ----------------------------------

dida ----------------------------------

ja -------------------------------------

sofeli ------------------------------

baRana --------------------------------

kalami -------------------------------

oze ------------------------------------

jima ----------------------------------

squa ------------------------------------

2. moifiqreT da SeadgineT winadadebebi piris nacvalsaxele-

bis gamoyenebiT:

nimuSi: ma ZRabi voreq.

iswavleT ZiriTadi gamoTqmebi:

gamarjeba!1 gamarjoba!

gomorZgua! gamarjoba!

gogimorZgu//¸ RoronTiq! RmerTma gagimarjos! jgiro miZiruda!//miZir¸da! kargad menaxe! jgiro orda(T)! kargad iyavi(T)!

jgiro zojundaT!//zoj¸ndaT! kargad brZandebodeT!

madloberi!//mardieli!//maldoberi! gmadlobT!

q¸mapatiT!//qumapatiiT mapatieT! muTa uWirs! ara uSavs!//araferi uWirs!

muTuni vauWirs! araferi ar uWirs!

muWo req? rogor(a) xar?

muWo reT? rogor(a) xarT?

muWo zojunT? rogor brZandebiT?

gexari(T)! gaixare(T)!

quggale(T)! Semogevle(T)!

agaSen RoronT¸q!//Roronq!//RoronTiq! agaSena RmerTma!

1 Svilebis Taoba (ZiriTadad mSoblebisac) ukve ambobs qarTul variants:

gamarjoba!

183

maraS dRalefi – kviris dReebi

mara – kvira (msgefsi)

TuTaSxa orSabaTi

TaxaSxa samSabaTi

jumaSxa oTxSabaTi

caSxa xuTSabaTi

obiSxa paraskevi

sabatoni//sabat¸ni SabaTi

JaSxa//JeSxa kvira

TuTalefi // TuTefi – Tveebi

ianari ianvari

frevali Tebervali

marti marti

aprili aprili

meesi//mesi maisi

ivanoba ivnisi

kvirkve//kverkve ivlisi

arguso agvisto

ekenia seqtemberi

g¸ma TuTa oqtomberi

gergeba TuTa//gergoba TuTa noemberi

qirse TuTa dekemberi

weliwadis droebi:

giSuliri//gazarxuli – gazafxuli

zarxuli – zafxuli

damorCili – Semodgoma

zoTonji//zoToni – zamTari

184

daiTvaleT: 1. arTi

2. Jiri//J¸ri 3. sumi

4. oTxi

5. xuTi

6. amSvi

7. SqviTi//SkviTi

8. bruo//ruo

9. Cxoro

10. viTi

11. viTaarTi

12. viToJiri// viToJ¸ri 13. viTosumi

14. viTa(a)nTxi

15. viToxuTi

16. viTa(a)mSvi

17. viToSqviTi

18. viToruo//viTobruo//viToburvo

19. viToCxoro

20. eCi

waikiTxeT dialogebi: - Tena mu re? - Tena Cxom(i) re. - musxi Cxom(i) re Tena? - Tena re xuT(i) Cxomi. - amdRa mu dRa re? - amdRa obiSxa re. - jgiri,nana, jgiro (o)rda!//(o)rdaT! - jgiro zojundaT! - gexari!

gramatika: megrulSi aris cxra brunva.

saxelobiTi brunvis niSani: i an ø koC-i boS-i ZRab-i Cxom-i (Tevzi) sofel-i

gur-i (guli) cira ¹ude koto (qoTani) katu

waikiTxeT dialogi:

unCaS//uCaS paton(i) – ufrosi! (mamakacs mimarTaven) an:

pateni//pat¸ni//patina//patoni giorgi- osurpateni//osurpatoni... nana- - gamarjeba, nana! - gamarjeba, giorgi pateni!

185

- muWo zojunT? - jgiro, madloba, Tqva muWo zojunT? - ma xolo jgiro voreq. - pateni irakli muWo re? - muTa uWirs, jgiro. - baRanefi muWo rena? - baRanefi, RoronTiSiT, jgiro rena. - jgiro zojundaT, osurpateni! - jgiro ordaT!

ma jgiro voreq. si jgiro req. mu /Tina jgiro re. Cq¸ jgiro voreT. Tqva jgiro reT. munefi /Tinefi jgiro rena.

ma jgiro vavoreq // ma vavoreq jgiro.

megruls wodebiTi brunva ara aqvs, mis nacvlad saxe-lobiTs iyenebs. mimarTvis gasaZliereblad (gamosakveTad) zogjer saxels win urTavs vo//o Sorisdebuls:

sax. wod.

cira - cira!//(v)o cira! – qaliSvilo!

boSi - boSi!//(v)o boSi! – biWo!

osuri - osuri!//(v)o osuri! – qalo!

gamonaklisia Tavazianobis gamomxatveli mimarTvebi:

pateni - pateni! – batono!

iswavleT frazebi:

qigegio? _ gaige? qigebgi! _ gavige! vegebgi//vagmaginu! – ver gavige! dozojiT!//qudozojiT! – dabrZandiT! mozojiT! – mobrZandiT! gamnozojiT! – SemobrZandiT! gemnozojiT! – SebrZandiT! minozojiT! – SebrZandiT! mezojiT! – wabrZandiT!//mibrZandiT!

186

III.

kuTvnilebiTi nacvalsaxelebi:

miSi? _ visi?

Cqimi – Cemi

sqani//skani – Seni

muSi – misi

aTeSi//TeSi//eSi – amisi

eTiSi//TiSi//iSi – imisi

Cqini//Cq¸ni – Cveni Tqvani – Tqveni

munefiSi – maTi

aTenefiSi//TenefiSi//enefiSi – amaTi

eTinefiSi//TinefiSi//inefiSi – imaTi

Cqimi jima, jimalefi.

skani//sqani wingi, wingefi.

muSi sumka, sumkefi.

aTeSi//TeSi//eSi osuri, osurefi.

Cqini//Cq¸ni baRana, baRanefi. Tqvani rveuli, rveulefi.

munefiS mezobeli, mezobelefi //

meZobeli, meZobelefi.

aTenefiS//TinefiSi da, dalefi.

Tena re Cqim(i) rveuli // Tena Cqim(i) rveuli re.

es aris Cemi rveuli // es Cemi rveulia.

Te rveuli re Cqimi // Te rveuli Cqim(i) re.

es rveuli aris Cemi // es rveuli Cemia.

Tenefi Cqim(i) rveulefi re.

eseni Cemi rveulebia.

Tina re muSi gazeTi // Tina muSi gazeTi re.

is aris misi gazeTi // is misi gazeTia.

Tina re Cqini studenti.

is aris Cveni studenti.

Tinefi rena Cqin(i) studentefi.

isini arian Cveni studentebi.

187

Tena re Tqvani ¹ude. es aris Tqveni saxli.

Tenefi Tqvani ¹udeefi re. eseni Tqveni saxlebia.

Tina re Tqvani jima.

is aris Tqveni Zma.

Tinefi rena Tqvani jimalefi.

isini arian Tqveni Zmebi.

Tina re munefiS OoTaxi.

is aris maTi (TavianTi) oTaxi.

Tina re munefiS afxanagi//afxanaki//amxanagi.

is aris maTi megobari/amxanagi.

Tinefi rena munefiS afxanagefi//afxanakefi//amxanagebi.

isini arian maTi megobrebi/amxanagebi.

waikiTxeT dialogi:

- gamarjeba sqani!

- goimorZg¸ RoronT¸q! - muWo reT?

- jgiro, madloba, Tqva muWo reT?

- Cq¸ xolo muTa miWira, RoronTiS WyolofuaT.

- Tena miS baRana re?

- Tena Cqim(i) jimasqua re.

- Tena miS cira re?

- Tena Cqim(i) squa re.

- jgiri, jgiro (o)rda!

- jgiro!

188


Cqimi saxeli re maia.

sqani saxeli re giorgi.

TiS saxeli re nika.

Cqimi gvari re Sengelia.

sqani gvari re baraTaSvili (sakuTriv megrulad:

baraTasqua//skua).

TiSi gvari re darCia.

waikiTxeT dialogi: - mu re sqani saxeli?

- nino.

- nino, mi re Tena?

- Tena Cqimi afxanagi//afxanaki re.

- mi re Tina?

- Tina sqan(i) uCiteli re.

- mi rena Tinefi?

- Tinefi Cqimi//Cqini mowafeefi rena.

- mu re Tena?

- Tena muS// munefiS rveuli//tetradi re.

- mu re Tina?

- Tina Cqimi kalami//pero re.

- miSi wingi re Tena?

- Tena Cqimi wingi re.

- miSi gazeTi re Tina?

- Tina sqani gazeTi re.

- miSi re Te Cai?

- Te Cai Cqimi va re, Tena sqani re.

naTesaobiTi brunvis niSania TanxmovanfuZianebTan: -iS, -iS+i

(koC-iS jima. miSi? koC-iS-i), xmovanfuZianefTan: -S, -S+i

(jima-S osuri. miSi? jima-Si)

- miSi wingi re Tena?

- Tena boSi-S(i) wingi re. // Te wingi boSi-Si re.

- Tena cira-S(i) wingi re. // Te wingi cira-Si re.

- Tena Tea-S wingi re.

189

afxanagiS//afxanakiS dida. mezobeliS//meZobeliS ¹ude. boSiS maSna. ZRabiS kaba. giorgiS telefoni. nanaS wingi.

waikiTxeT dialogebi:

- gamarjeba sqani!

- goimorZgu RoronT¸q//RoronTiq! - muWo zojunT?

- RoronTiS WyolofuaT muTa miWirs, Tqva muWo reT?

- Cqi//Cq¸ xolo jgiro voreT.

- miSi re Te maSna?

- Te maSna//maSina Cqim mezobeliS//meZobeliS re.

- so re diasqani?

- diaCqimi babuS ¹udes re. - muasqani so re?

- muaCqimi samuSas re.

- jgiri, jgiro zojundaT!

- jgiro ordaT!Q

- miSi//miS re Te wingi?

- Te wingi Cqimi re.

- miSi//miS re Ti sumka?

- Ti sumka nanaS(i) re.

- miSi re Ti maSna//maSina?

- Ti maSna//maSina levaniS(i) re.

- miSi// miS re Te maSna//maSina?

- Te maSna//maSina Cqim(i) jimaS(i) re.

- miSi//miS ¹ude re aTena? - aTena Cqimi ma¹aleS(i) ¹ude re. - eTina?

- eTina levaniS jimaS ¹ude re. - miSi//miS maSna//maSina re Tena?

- Tena Cqimi jimaS mezobeliS//meZobeliS maSna re.

- Te wingi ninoSi reno?

- vari, Te wingi ninoS va re, Te wingi TeaSi re.

- Tina makaSi joRori reno?

190

- qo, Tina makaSi joRori re.

- Te maSna//maSina miS re?

- Te maSna//maSina muS jimaS re.

- miSi//miS ¹ude re Tena? - Tena ninoS ¹ude re.// Te ¹ude ninoSi re. - mi(n) re Te boSi?

- Te boSi Cqini ma¹aleS jimasqua re.

SeadareT ori dialogi: I

- mi(n) re Te boSi?

- Te boSi Cqim(i) qomo(n)ji re.

- mi(n) re Te osuri?

- Te osuri diaCqimi re.

- Te baRana Tqvani squa reno?

- qo patoni, Cqini squa re.

- Ti osuri mi(n) re?

- Ti osuri Cqim(i) jimaS(i) Cili re.

II

- mi(n) rena Te boSefi?

- Te boSefi Cqim(i) megobarefi rena.

- mi(n) rena Te ZRabefi?

- Te ZRabefi Cqini studentefi rena.

- mi(n) rena Ti osurefi?

- Ti osurefi muSi mezobelefi rena.

axali sityvebi:

ma¹ale//megobari – (sityvasityviT: momyoli), megobari

joRori – ZaRli

xoleberi//xoloberi – axlobeli

191

daimaxsovreT:

dedaCemi - diaCqimi

dedaSeni - diasqani

dedamisi - diamuSi

dedaCveni - diaCqini//diaCq¸ni

mamaCemi - muaCqimi

mamaSeni - muasqani

mamamisi - muamuSi

mamaCveni - muaCqini//muaCq¸ni

bebiaCemi - dadiCqimi

bebiaSeni - dadsqani//dadskani

bebiamisi - dadmuSi

bebiaCveni - dadCqini//dadCq¸ni bebiaTqveni - dadiTqvani//dadTqvani

babuaCemi - babuCqimi

babuaSeni - babusqani

babuamisi - babumuSi

babuaCveni - babuCqini//babuCq¸ni babuaTqveni - babuTqvani

magram:

maTi//imaTi deda- TinefiS//inefiS / munefiS (TavianTi) dida.

maTi//imaTi mama- TinefiS//inefiS / munefiS (TavianTi) muma.

magram:

Cqimi da sqani // skani da

muSi(Tavisi) /TiSi //iSi jima munefiS(TavianTi) /

TinefiS // inefiS jima

Cqini//Cq¸n dei(deida) Tqvani dei muSi /TiSi//iSi biZia//biZi munefiS /TinefiS //

inefiS biZia//biZi

192

muSi? _ risi?

wingiS duqani//maRazia. sofeliS baRi. saqorTuoS sofeli

saqorTuoS prezidenti. qalaqiS gamgebeli. samargaloS

raioni.

- muSi//muS duqani//maRazia re Tena?

- Tena wingiS duqani // maRazia re.

- muSi//muS ¹ude re Tina? - Tina jaS ¹ude re.

-Mmu quCa re Tena? - Tena rusTaveliS quCa re.

- Tena utu miqavaS//miqaS quCa re.

- Tina wereTeliS quCa re.

- Ti ¹ude miS(i) re? is saxli visia?

- Tina Cqini re. is Cvenia.

- Te maRal(i) Senoba muS(i) re? es maRali Senoba risia?

- Tena gamgeobaS Senoba re. es gamgeobis Senobaa.

waikiTxeT teqsti:

Cqim(i) saxel do gvari re nino adamia. Tena Cq¸n oze re. Tina Cq¸ni ¹ude re. a diaCqimi do muaCqimi. Tena diaCqimiS oTax(i) re. Tina muSi kraoti re. Tena Cq¸ni ojaxi re. Ti oTax¸s Cqimi Jir(i) jima re. unCaSi jima samuSas re. ukla-

Si//ukulaSi jima ozes re.

axali sityvebi:

unCaSi – ufrosi

uklaSi//ukulaSi – umcrosi

kraoti (кровать) – sawoli

193

savarjiSoebi:

I TargmneT qarTulad:

1. miS(i) wing(i) re Tena?----------------------------------------------

2. miS(i) rveul(i) re Tena?-------------------------------------------

3. miS(i) oTax(i) re Tena?---------------------------------------------

4. miS(i) suraT(i) re Tena?--------------------------------------------

5. miS(i) gazeT(i) re Tina?--------------------------------------------

6. Te stoli sqani//skani reno?---------------------------------------

7. Te ¹ude muSi reno?--------------------------------------------------

II upasuxeT kiTxvebs:

1. miSi//miS maSna//maSina re Tena?

2. miSi// miS joRori re Tena?

3. miSi//miS ¹ude re Tena? 4. muS duqani//maRazia re Tena?

5. irakli sqani//skani jima reno? (qo, vari).

6. naTia sqani//skani uCitel reno? (qo, vari).

7. nika muS afxanagi//afxanaki reno? (qo, vari).

8. levani sqani//skani qomonji reno? (qo, vari).

9. giorgi muS mezobel//meZobel reno? (qo, vari).

10. meri sqani//skani unCaSi da reno? (qo, vari).

IV.

mu rjoxo?/ mu rjoxona? _ ra gqvia?/ ra gqviaT?

ma nana b-joxo

si nino r-joxo

mus/Tis daTo joxo

Cqi//Cq¸ b-joxona giorgi do nana. Tqva r-joxona irakli do elene.

munefs//munens / Tinefs//Tinens joxona nino do nika.

194

megrulSi obieqturi piris niSnebi I da II pirSi igivea,

rac qarTulSi: m - (I pirSi), g - (II pirSi). III obieqturi

piris niSani megruls ar daucavs.

II obieqturi piris niSani g- megrulSi gadadis r-Si

Tanxmovnebis win, sxva SemTxvevaSi daculia.

I-II obieqturi piris mravlobiToba aRiniSneba subieq-

turi III piris mravlobiTi ricxvis niSnebiT: -an, -es. roca

subieqti mxolobiT ricxvSia, pirdapiri wyobis zmnebTan OIII

obieqturi piris mravlobiToba ar aRiniSneba.

obieqturi piris niSnebia:

I m (>b) ----------------- m (>b) --------------- an//es

II g (>r) ----------------- g (>r) ------------- an//es

III ---------------- -------------

am tipis zmnebSi subieqti micemiT brunvaSia, obieqti _

saxelobiTSi. micemiTi brunvis niSania _ (i)s: ko-s//koC-i-s,

jima-s, jvebe-s, du-s.

piris nacvalsaxelebi micemiTSi:

saxelobiTi ma si mu/Tina

micemiTi ma si mus/Tinas//Tis

CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebi micemiTSi:

sax: aTe koCi – es kaci, eTi koCi – is kaci

mic: aTe ko-s//koC-i-s – am kac-s, eTi kos//koC-i-s – im kac-s


Te boSis giorgi joxo.

ZRabis nana joxo.

Cqim joRors jilda joxo.

sqan//skan jimas mu joxo?

195

muS(i) (=Tavis) mezobels lia joxo.

diasqans mu joxo?

sqan//skan das mu joxo?

ma maia bjoxo.

si qeTino rjoxo.

Cqi maia do qeTino bjoxona.

Tqva Tea do mariami rjoxona.

munefs//munens / Tinefs//Tinens kaxa do demna joxona.


- gamarjeba!

- goimorZg¸ RoronT¸q!//goimorZgu RoronTiq! - mu rjoxo, nana(Svilo), si saxeli?

- ma maka bjoxo, Tqva mu rjoxona?

- ma naTela bjoxo.

- Tena mi re?

- Tena diaCqimi re.

- Ti baRana miS re?

- Ti baRana Cqim(i) biZisqua re.

- mu joxo saxeli?

- Tis qeTino joxo.

- jgiro ordaT!

- jgiro zojundaT!

- gamarjebaT!

- gamarjebaT!

- ma Tqvani uCitel voreq. ma Tamara bjoxo saxeli, Tqva

mu rjoxona?

- Cqi naTia do kaxa bjoxona.

- Ti Jiri ZRabis mu joxo?

- Tinefs//Tinens nana do meri joxona.

- mu joxo diasqans?

- diaCqims elene joxo.

- mu joxo muasqans?

- muaCqims levani joxo.

196

- mu joxo sqan//skan da do jimas?

- Cqim das nana joxo do Cqim jimas _ zaza

- mu joxona sqan ma¹aleS dida do mumas?

- (T)inefs joxona dali do Tengo.

- mu rjoxona Tqva?

- ma bjoxo Tamara.

- mu gvar(i) reT?

- kvaracxelia voreq, Tqva mu rjoxona?

- Cqim saxel do gvar(i) re daTo doliZe.

- Te osuri Cqimi uCitel re.

- Tis nana joxo.

- Te boSefi Cqimi studentef rena.

- munefs//munens joxona daTo do kaxa.

- Te koCi Cqim(i) mezobel re.

- Tis joxo merabi.

savarjiSoebi:

I dawereT es sityvebi micemiT brunvaSi:

koC-i ---------------------------------------

osur-i ----------------------------------------

ZRab-i -------------------------------------

boS-i --------------------------------------

baRana -----------------------------------------

mezobel-i ------------------------------------

maSna -------------------------------------------

¹ude ------------------------------------------- oze ----------------------------------------

stol-i ---------------------------------------

cira -------------------------------------------

beb-i -------------------------------------------

babu ---------------------------------------

197

upasuxeT SekiTxvebs:

1. mu rjoxo? ma--------------------------------

2. mu joxo? Tis------------------------------

3. mu joxo diasqans? mus/Tis-------------------------

4. mu joxo muasqans? mus/Tis-------------------------

5. mu joxo sqan jimas? mus/Tis-------------------------

6. mu joxo sqan das? mus/Tis-------------------------

7. mu joxona Tqvan ma¹alefs? munefs//munens/Tinens-------

----------------------------------

8. mu joxona munefiS squalefs//c munefs//munens/Tinens-------

----------------------------------

9. mu joxona mezobelefs//c? munefs//munens/Tinens-------

----------------------------------

V. kiTxviTi zmnizeda:

sode//so? _ sad?

- aq//Taq//Taqine//aTaq//aTaqine//aTaqineSe – aq

- eq//Teq//Teqine//eTeq//eTeqine//eTeqineSe _ iq

- amar _ aq, ager

- emer _ iq, eger

- ¹udes _ saxlSi

- stols _ magidaze.

- abarwas _ aivanze

- ozes _ ezoSi

- duqans//maRazias _ maRaziaSi

- gakveTils _ gakveTilze

- stadions _ stadionze

198

magram, Tu nagulisxmebia mimarTuleba, maSin iqneba:

saxlSi mivdivar ¹udeSa meulu/¸//meurqu//¸ maRaziaSi mivdivar maRaziaSa meulu/¸//meurqu//¸ gakveTilze mivdivar gakveTilSa meulu/¸//meurqu//¸

waikiTxeT dialogi:

- so req?

- quCas//Saras voreq / amar voreq / Teq voreq

- mu so re?

- mu ¹udes re / amar re / emer re / Teq re. - diasqani so re?

- ozes re.

- nino so re?

- nino skolas re.

- giorgi so re?

- giorgi samuSas re.

- so re Cqim(i) gazeTefi?

- sqani gazeTefi oTax¸s re. - so rena munefi?

- munefi Teatris rena.

- so re maSna//maSina?

- maSna garaJis re.

- Sofer(i) so re? - Sofer(i) quCas re.

- so re Cqim(i) wingefi?

- sqani//skani wingefi sumkas re.

- so re telefoni?

- telefon(i) amar re.

- gia, so re diasqani? gia, sad aris dedaSeni?

- diaCqimi bazars re. dedaCemi bazarSia.

- Te sumka miS re? es CanTa visia?

- Tena Ti osuriS re. es im qalisaa.

- muS masqvama re! ra lamazia!

199

VI. `minda~ zmna ma m-oko-(n) me minda

si g-oko-(n) Sen ginda

mus / Tis oko-(n) mas unda.

Cqi//Cq¸ m-okona-(n) Cven gvinda

Tqva g-okona-(n) Tqven gindaT

munefs//munens / Tinefs//Tinens okona-(n) maT undaT


ma uSqur(i) / uSquref(i) moko. si Cai goko.

ma arT(i) uSquri moko.

si wingi goko.

si goko Cqim wingefi do rveulefi.

mus oko maSna.

giorgis Jir maSna oko.

Cqi//Cq¸ sqan wingi mokona. Tqva Cqini ¹ude gokona. Tinefs//Tinens Tqvani qoTomefi okona.

baRanefs//baRanens uSquriS wveni okona.

nino do levan(i)s buli okona.

xili:

uSquri _ vaSli

sxuli – msxali

buli – bali

atama – atami

aliCa – aluCa

cim¹va//cimua – marwyvi ¹omuri//¹umuri – tyemali

bia – komSi

xvirma//xurma – xurma

neZi – nigozi

Txiri – Txili

luRi –leRvi

jamkakali – TuTa

xaburzaki – sazamTro

Sinka – nesvi

berwuli – broweuli

Wuburi – wabli

200


- gamarjeba sqani!

- goimorZg¸ RoronT¸q! - mu goko?

- sqan wingi moko.

- xolo mu goko?

- met muTun var.

- gamarjeba!

- gamarjeba!

- muWo req?

- jgiro, si muWo req?

- ma xolo jgiro.

- diasqani so re?

- diaCqimi va re ¹udes, bazars re. mu goko? - WiWe x(v)arxvi do lebia moko.

- muzma goko?

- Jiri x(v)arxvi do arTi Wirqa lebia moko.

- muasqani so re?

- muaCqimi samuSas re, mu goko?

- maSna moko onjuaSax. diasqani so re?

- diaCqimi ortvins re.

ortvini do ortvinoba – bostani da bostneuli:

ortvini//ortvili _ bostani

puraskia – prasi

kintiri//k¸nt¸ri – kitri kobeSia//kopeSia – kvaxi

WuWeli//WuWele – WinWari

makindoli – oxraxuSi

sona – niaxuri

lebia – lobio

rediska (редис) – boloki

kapusta (капуста) – kombosto

201

- gamarjeba!

- goimorZg¸ RoronT¸q! - muWo req?

- jgiro, si muWo req?

- ma xolo jgiro.

- sqani Cili do squa muWo re?

- muTa uWira, madloba.

- miS re Te baRanefi?

- Tenefi Cqimi moTalef rena do Tinefi Cqimi mezobeliS

baRanef rena.

- mu goko? - wyar moko

- Tis mu oko? - Tis Rvini/¸ oko. - mu oko giorgis? - giorgis bJa oko.

- mu oko sqan jimas? - Cqim jimas piva oko.

- mu okona sqan studentens? - Cqim studentebs wingef

okona.

- mis oko Cai do mis oko bJa? - ma Cai moko, ninos – bJa.

- Rvini mis gokona? - Cqi mokona.

- mis do mis gokona wyari? - ma do elenas mokona. nivTierebaTa saxelebi:

wyari – wyali

Rvini – Rvino

piva (пиво) – ludi

bJa _ rZe

- si gokono Cqim gazeTi?

- var, ma va moko sqan(i) gazeTi. - gokono Te jurnali//Jurnali?

- qo, Te jurnali moko.

- ninos okono sqani maSna?

- var, ninos vako sqani maSna, giorgis oko.

- mu goko // mu gonebuna?

- ma Tqvan wingi moko.

- makas mu oko?

- makas Tqvani adrezi oko.

202

- mu oko sqan squas?

- Cqim squas ola¹afinia oko. - eka do laSas mu okona?

- eka do laSas joRori okona.

- wyari gokona Tu Cai?

- arTi Wirqa Cai moko, qiSilebenda.

- Sanqari gokonano?

- va moko!

- a, Tqvani Cai!

- madloba!

- ingas mu oko?

- ma fifqrenq//vfirqenq, ingas xolo Cai oko.

- si mu goko?

- ma Rvini vara piva moko.

- sqani s(t)umarefs mu okona, borjomi Tu limonaTi?

- Cqim s(t)umarefs varT borjomi okona, varT - limona-

Ti, xvale wyari okona.

- macivariS(i) Tu inWaS(i) wyari?

- inWaS(i) wyari okona.

kavSirebi:

do _ da

varT.......varT _ arc......arc

vara – 1. an, 2. Torem

mara _ magram

axali sityvebi:

adrezi (адресс) _ misamarTi

ola¹afinia _ saTamaSo

waikiTxeT dialogi:

- gamarjeba jgiri, babasqua!

- gamarjeba, pat¸ni! - Tena miS cindali re?

- Te cindali Cqimi mezobeliS(i) re.

- Ti Tulefi miSi re?

- Ti Tulefi babuCqimiS(i) re.

- kvatefi do RorRonjefi xolo sqani babuS reno?

203

- vari, kvatefi do RorRonjefi Cqimi deiS re.

cxovelebi da frinvelebi:

qoTomi – qaTami

wiwila – wiwili

mumuli – mamali

RorRonji – bati

kvata – ixvi

toronji – mtredi

kokuCi//induri - indauri

Reji – Rori

Tu – goWi

Cxou – Zroxa

gini//geni – xbo

xoji – xari

kambeSi//kambeCi – kameCi

lakvi – lekvi

cindali – knuti

qacari – Tikani, cikani

Txa – Txa

Sxuri – cxvari

kiribi – batkani

iswavleT axali sityvebi: inWa – Wa

fifqrenq – vfiqrob

firqi – fiqri

monda//monWa – mwife

kobu - mkvaxe

savarjiSoebi:

upasuxeT kiTxvebs da gadmoaqarTuleT:

mu gokona? --------------------------------------------

mis mu oko? --------------------------------------------

Tqva wven gokonano? --------------------------------------------

mu oko sqan squas? --------------------------------------------

si mu goko? --------------------------------------------

mu gonebuna? --------------------------------------------

mu okona sqan studentens? --------------------------------------------

mu oko sqan amxanag¸s? --------------------------------------------

mu okona Tqvan s(t)umarefs?-------------------------------------------

mis oko sxuli? --------------------------------------------

mis oko uSquri? --------------------------------------------

mis gokona Sanqari? --------------------------------------------

mis oko Cqimi ¹vali? --------------------------------------------

Rvini gokona Tu piva? --------------------------------------------

bJa gokona Tu Cai? --------------------------------------------

Sinka goko Tu xaburzaki? --------------------------------------------

204

wyari gokono? --------------------------------------------

VII. zedsarTavi saxelebi:

muWomi?/muneri? _ rogori?/ranairi?

didi (didi) - WiWe (patara)

jgiri (kargi) - glaxa//furi (cudi)

axali (axali) - jveSi (Zveli)

sqvami (lamazi) - usqvamuri (uSno)

ioli (advili) - Zneli (Zneli)

maRali (maRali) - dabali (dabali)

ginZe (grZeli) - kunta (mokle)

Wkveri (Wkviani) - suleli//suneli, boro (suleli)

Cxe (cxeli) - ¹ini (civi) tibu (Tbili) - rgili (grili)

Sxu (msxvili) - inwro, Wife (viwro)

nware//ware (mware) - hamo, tkbili (tkbili)

rCinu (moxuci) - axali//mardu (mozardi)

monka (mZime) - qeqe (mCate)

marTali (marTali) - tyura (tyuili)

Ce (TeTri) - uCa (Savi)

efi (iafi) - Zviri (Zviri)

fsqeli, sqeli(sqeli)- TiTxu//TxiTxu(Txeli)

didi ¹ude. didi ¹udeefi. axali stoli. axali stolefi.

jveSi qarTi. Zneli gakveTili. maRali boSi. ginZe kaba. kunta

Tuma. sqvami ZRabefi// cirefi. Wkver baRanefi. WiWe oTaxi.

glaxa maSna. Cxe wyari.

a sqvami cira. a sqvami cirefi. Tinefi sqvamefi rena. mu Wkve-

ri baRana re. munefi Wkverefi rena. giorgiS squalefi WiWe-

lefi rena. Te wingefi axalefi re. Te gakveTilefi advi-

li//ioli/efi re.

205

waikiTxeT teqsti:

Tena axali do sqvami baRi re. baRis didi jalefi do

sqvami vardefi re. Taq WiWe kafe re. Ti kafe axali re. ka-

fes ginZe stolefi do dabali skamefi dgu//¸. stols axal

gazeTef(i) geZu//¸ (devs). ma kafes voreq. ma do Cqim afxana-gefs//afxanakefs Cai mokona.


muWom baRi re? ------------------------------------------------------------

muWom kafe re baRis? ----------------------------------------------------

muWom stolef(i) re/dgu/¸ baRis? ----------------------------------- muWom gazeTef(i) geZu/¸ stols? ------------------------------------

muWom skamef re baRis? -------------------------------------------------

ufroobiTi xarisxi iwarmoeba u---(a)-Si prefiqs-sufiqsiT:

didi _ u-did-a-Si.

furi _ u-fur-a-Si//u-f¸r-a-Si sqvami//skvami _ u-sq/kvam-aSi

(r)Ce _ u-r-Ci-a-Si//u-r-Ce-a-Si

gamonaklisia:

jgiri _ u-jgu-Si

meti _ u - mosi

ufroobiTi xarisxis forma SeiZleba gadmoices dadebiTi xa-

risxis formaze zmnizedis damatebiT:

Zalami(Zalian) jgiri koCi

gvalo(Zalian) jgiri ZRabi

nabetani(nametani) glaxa osuri

206

an: umosi (ufro) + zedsarTavi saxeli:

nika umosi jgiri baRana re, vinem kaxa.

Cqini sofeli umosi sqvami re, vinem Tqvani.

maka umosi Wkveri re, vinem nino.

mamuka umosi Zalieri re, vinem daTo.

mcxeTa umosi jveSi qalaqi re, vinem qarTi.

Cqimi squalefi umosi didefi rena, vinem sqani jimasqualefi.

an kidev:

irfeliSi umosi (yvelaze meti//metad)..…

irfeliSi uf¸raSi (yvelaze cudi)..…

metiS meti (metismetad)..

TanabrobiTi xarisxis formebi (qarTuls ara aqvs)iwarmoeba

ma-a konfiqsiT: didi – madida, WiWe – maWiWa, sqvami//skvami

_ ma-sqvamà//ma-skvam-a

mag:

Te ZRabi Cqim baRanaS mamaRala re (es gogo Cemi bavSvis si-

maRlisaa).

daToS joRori CxouS madida re (daTos ZaRli Zroxis si-

didisaa).

odnaobiTi xarisxi iwarmoeba mo-e/o konfiqsiT: uCa _mo-uC-e/o

(moSavo), WiTa _ mo-WiT-e/o (mowiTalo)

waikiTxeT dialogebi: - gamarjebaT!

- gamarjeba, nana!//squa!(Svilo)

- arTi qobali do sumi kilo Sanqari moko, qiSilebenda.

- a, nana. met mu goko?

- arTi paWka jimu do arTi dudi ¹vali moko.

- xolo mu goko?

- geTu, met muTun vari, madloba!

207

- jgiro orda, nana!

- jgiro zojundaT!

- nunu dei! marwveni moko.

- amar, nana, macivars re axali marwveni, amdRari.

- qobali xolo moko.

- axali qobali va re, jveSi re, goRaneri.

- muTa uWirs. Sqiren mafu / mSqirens.

- h(o), ¹vali do kintiri xolo re Skafis.

- met muTuni va moko, madloberi.

muWomi qobali re Tena?

axali Tu jveSi?

Te qobali axali re.

muWomi xorci re Tena? ------------------------------------------------

muWomi ¹vali re Tena? ------------------------------------------------

muWomi kartofili re Tena?--------------------------------------------

muWomi lebia re Tena? ----------------------------------------------

muWomi sxuli re Tena? -----------------------------------------------

muWomi ZRabi re sqani da?---------------------------------------------

muWomi maSna re sqani//skan(i) jimaSi?--------------------------------

axali sityvebi:

dgu//¸ - dgas geZu//¸ - devs qarTi - Tbilisi

qobali – puri

¹vali – yveli

Sanqari – Saqari

jimu - marili

Sanqarami –Saqriani

jimuami - mariliani

qiSilebenda – Tu SeiZleba

marwveni – mawoni.

¹vana - yana

208

savarjiSoebi:

1. CasviT zedsarTavebi:

1. Cq¸n mez/Zobeli ----------------- koCi re.

2. sqani da -------------------------- cira re.

3. muaCqimiS sofeli ------------------- re.

4. muSi baRana nabtani//naptani//nabetani -------------- re.

5. Te kob/peSia nabetani//nabtani -------------- re.

6. Ti boSi umosi --------------------- re, vinem Tena.

7. Tqvani skola --------------------- re.

8. Cqini oze ----------- va re, mara -------------------- re.

9. Te ------------------- kaba moko.

10. sqani Tuma ------------------------ re

2. SeadgineT winadadebebi zedsarTavi saxelis xarisxis for-

mebis gamoyenebiT.

nimuSi: Te cira umosi sqvami re, vinem Ti ZRabi. Te cira

arZaS usqvamaSi re.

muWomi amindi/dRa re amdRa? – rogori amindia (dRea) dRes?

Cxuru/¸ dRa re – civi amindia/dRea. Cxe dRa re – cxeli amindia/dRea.

tibu dRa re – Tbili amindia/dRea.

rgili dRa re – grili amindia/dRea.

Wvens//Wvins _ wvims

Tuns – Tovs

boria re – qaria

Cxana re – mzea

tarozi re _ daria

taroz ubado re//xandara re _ avdaria

sinCxe re – cxela

Cxuru re – civa

209

sitiba re – Tbila

sirgile re – grila

SeadareT SegrZneba _ gancdis gamomxatveli frazebi:

sinCxe mafu – mcxela

Cxuru mafu – mciva

tibu mafu//miRu (kuCxi) – Tbili//Tbilad maqvs (fexi)

grili mafu (¹va) – grili maqvs (Subli)

(zmna mafu(n), gafu(n), afu(n), mafuna(n), gafuna(n), afuna(n)

– sityvasityviT: maqvs, gaqvs, aqvs, gvaqvs, gaqvT, aqvT).


1. muWomi dRa re amdRa?------------------------------------------------

2. amdRa Cxuru reno?----------------------------------------------------

3. ¹udes sinCxe reno?---------------------------------------------------

4. gale sinCxe re Tu Cxuru re?-------------------------------------

5. oTax¸s sitiba reno?-------------------------------------------------

6. ase Wvenso?--------------------------------------------------------------

7. ianars qarTis Tunso?------------------------------------------------

210

VIII. ricxviTi saxelebi

muzma? – ramdeni? 1. arTi

2. Jiri

3. sumi

4. oTxi

5. xuTi

6. amSvi

7. SqviTi//SkviTi

8. ruo//bruo

9. Cxoro

10. viTi

11. viTaarTi

12. viToJiri//viToJ¸ri 13. viTosumi

14. viTa(a)nTxi

15. viToxuTi

16. viTa(a)mSvi

17. viToSqviTi

18. viToruo//viTobruo

19. voToCxoro

20. eCi

20 - eCdoarTi

21 - eCdoJiri

22 - eCdosumi

30 - eCdoviTi

31 - eCdoviTaarTi

32 - eCdoviToJiri

40 - JarneCi

41 - JarneCdoarTi

50 - JarneCdoviTi

51 - JarneCdoviTaarTi

60 - sumeneCi//sumoneCi

211

61 - sumeneCdoarTi//sumoneCdoarTi

70 - sumeneCdoviTi//sumoneCdoviTi

80 - oTxoneCi

90 - oTxoneCdoviTi

100 - oSi

200 - JiroSi

300 - sumoSi

400 - oTxoSi

500 - xuToSi

600 - amSoSi

700 - SqviToSi

800 - ruoSi//bruoSi

900 - CxoroSi

1000 - anTasi (sakuTriv megruli – viToSi)

2000 - Jiri anTasi

1-li priveli

me-2 maJra//maJira // maJia

me-3 masma

me-4 manTxa//maanTxa

me-5 maxvTa//maxuTa

me-6 maamSva

me-7 maSqviTa

me-8 mabruo

me-9 maCxora

me-10 maviTa

me-11 maviTaarTa

me-12 maviToJira

me-20 maeCa

21-e eCdomaarTa

22-e eCdomaJira

30-e eCdomaviTa

31-e eCdomaviTaarTa

me-40 maJarneCa

41-e JarneCdomaarTa

50-e JarneCdomaviTa

212

me-60 masumeneCa

70-e sumeneCdomaviTa

me-80 maoTxoneCa

90-e oTxoneCdomaviTa

me-100 maoSa

me-200 maJiroSa

201-e JiroSmaarTa

me-1000 maanTasa

me-2000 maJirianTasa

muz¸ma//muda waneri req? – ramdeni wlis xar?

- giorgi, muda waner(i) req?

- viTaamSvi waner(i) voreq.

- muda waner(i) re sqani jima?

- Cqim jima eCi waner(i) re. - diasqani muda waner(i) re? - diaCqimi JarneCdoviTaarTi waner(i) re. - muda waner(i) re sqan(i) jimaS afxanaki nana?

- nana viToxuTi waner(i) re.

mu Rir¸? – ra Rirs?

- mu Rir¸ arTi kilo uSquri?

- arTi kilo uSquri lari do Jiri abazi Rir¸. - arTi kilo pamindori mu Rir¸? - pamindori sumi lari Rir¸. - muambe re!

- Zviri reno?

- Zviri re, aba, efi reno?

- muSa re Te buli?

- Te buli oTx larSa re.

- ra Rirs erTi kilo vaSli?

- erTi kilo vaSli lari da ori abazi(oci TeTri) Rirs.

- erTi kilo pomidori ra Rirs?

213

- pamidori sami lari Rirs.

- ra ambavia!

- Zviria?

- Zviria, aba, iafia?

- es bali ramdenad aris?

- es bali oTx larad aris.

- mu Rir¸ k¸nt¸r do pamindori? - k¸nt¸ri sumi lari Rir¸, pamindori - Jiri lari.

- xaburzaki muSa re?

- xaburzaki kilo eCidoviTi TeTri re.

- qoTomi muzma Rir¸? - qoTomi SqviTi lari re.

- lebia muSa re.

- Te lebia lari Rir¸. - ra Rirs kitri da pomidori?

- kitri sami lari Rirs, pomidori _ ori lari.

- sazamTro ramdenad aris?

- sazamTro kilo ocdaaTi TeTria.

- qaTami ra Rirs?

- qaTami Svidi laria.

- lobio ramdenad aris?

- es lobio lari Rirs.

nam saTi re? _ romeli saaTia?

- nam saTi re?

- ase sumiS xuTi wunTi//wuTi re.

- nam saTi re?

- pirvel saTi re.

- nam saTi re?

- xuTSa urku viTi.

214

mu ricxvi re? – ra ricxvia?

amdRa priveli ekenia re.

amdRa Jiri frevali re.

waikiTxeT dialogi:

- ase re mesi. – axla maisia

- ase frevali re do//Tu marti? – axla Tebervalia Tu

marti?

- ase arguso reno? – axla agvistoa?

- ase mu TuTa re? – axla ra Tvea?

- ase re g¸ma TuTa – axla oqtomberia.

- amdRa mu dRa re? _ dRes ra dRea?

- amdRa sabatoni re. _ dRes SabaTia.

- amSvi TuTa re gverdi wana, _ eqvsi Tve aris naxevari

varo? weli, ara?

- qo, TaSi re. – ki, asea

- warmowana do gverdi re _ weliwadnaxevari aris

viTobruo TuTa, TaSi vareno? Tvrameti Tve, ase ar

aris?

- qo, TaSi re. _ diax, asea.

- amdRa TuTaSxa reno? _ dRes orSabaTia?

- vari, amdRa TaxaSxa re. _ ara, dRes samSabaTia.

- nam saTi re ase? _ romeli saaTia axla?

- ase re bruoS gverdi. _ axla rvis naxevaria.

- nam TuTa re ase? _ romeli Tvea axla?

- ase maxuTa TuTa re. _ axla mexuTe Tvea.

- nam TuTa re ase? - ase ianari re. - mu dRa re amdRa? - amdRa TuTaSxa re. - nam wana re ase? - ase Jiri anTas amSvi wana re.

- muz¸ma DdRa re maras?

215

- maras SqviT dRa re.

- muz¸ma dRa re TuTas? - TuTas eCdoviTi vara eCdoviTaarTi dRa re, frevals eC-

dobruo vara eCdoCxoro dRa re.

- warmowanas muda TuTa re? - warmowanas viToJiri TuTa re.

- muz¸ma dRa re warmowanas? - warmowanas sumoS sumeneCdoxuTi vara sumoS sumeneCdoam-Svi dRa re.

- saukunos muz¸ma wana re? - saukunos oSi wana re. axali sityvebi:

dRa – dRe

mara – kvira

TuTa – Tve

wanmowana//warmowana//wana – weli

w¸//wi – wels

w¸ri//wiri – wlevandeli

gowos//uliri wanas – SarSan,gasul wels.

mumalu wanas – momaval wels

saukuno – saukune

goRa – guSin

goRaneri – guSindeli

amdRa – dRes

amdRari – dRevandeli

Wume//Wumani – xval

Wumeneri//Wumaneri – xvalindeli

geRani – zeg

WumeSgeRani - maszeg

goRawo//goRawox – guSinwin

nabetani – meti, zedmeti//metad,zedmetad, nametnavad.

irfeli//ifreli – yvelaferi

ase – axla

216

aserde – axlaxan

Tiwk¸ma//Tiwkuma//Tiwkala//Tiwkela – maSin

ukaxale – ukan

migaxvama! – gilocav!

nandvilas//nandvilo//namdvilo – namdvilad

aucilebero – aucileblad

savarjiSoebi:

1. gadmoaqarTuleT ricxvebi:

bruo ------------, viTaarTi ------------, viToCxoro -----------,

eCidoarTi ------------------, eCidoviTosumi -------------------,

JarneCidoviToCxoro -------------------------, oS viTi-------------,

Jiri anTasi-------------, sumi anTas viToxuTi-------------------.

2. dawereT sityvierad:

51----------------------, 106--------------------, 66---------------------,

88---------------, 35-----------------------, 198---------------------------,

3087-------------------------, 48--------------, 373----------------------.

3. dawereT, ra ricxvia? romeli Tvea?

20.01 --EeCi ianari

17.06 --------------------

1 .09 --------------------

13.12 ---------------------

27.07 --------------------

4. 09 --------------------

12.05 --------------------

3. 02 --------------------

8. 08 --------------------

24.10 --------------------

217

4. SeavseT gamotovebuli adgilebi:

ma (21)------------------------------ waneri voreq.

mu/Tina (31)----------------------------- waneri re.

si (40) --------------------------- waneri req.

Tinefi (22) --------------------- do (23) wanerefi rena

diaCqimi ----------------------- waneri re.

muaCqimi ----------------------- waneri re.

Cqimi da re ----------------------- waneri.

sqani jima ---------------------------- waneri re.

5. upasuxeT SekiTxvebs:

1. mu rjoxo? -------------------------------------------------------------

2. muda waneri req? -----------------------------------------------------

3. mu nomeri re Tqvani maSna? ----------------------------------------

4. nam nomeri re Tqvani ¹ude? ---------------------------------------

5. nam saTi re? -----------------------------------------------------------

6. mu dro//borji re? --------------------------------------------------

7. so re Tqvani ¹ude? --------------------------------------------------

8. so re diasqani? ------------------------------------------------------

9. so re duqani? --------------------------------------------------------

10. mu dRa re amdRa? ----------------------------------------------------

11. nam ricxvi re amdRa? -----------------------------------------------

12. nam wana re ase? ------------------------------------------------------

13. so req ase? ------------------------------------------------------------

14. muneri dRa re AamdRa? ---------------------------------------------

218

IX. `myavs~ / `maqvs~ zmnebi

puns/c (myavs) miRu(n) (maqvs)

ma p-uns/c ma m-i-Ru-(n)

si r-¹uns/c si g-i-Ru-(n)

mus/Tis ¹uns/c mus/Tis u-Ru-(n)

Cqi//Cq¸ p- una(n) Cqi m-i-Run-a(n)

Tqva r- ¹una(n) Tqva g-i-Run-a(n)

munefs//munens/ Tinefs//Tinens u-Run-a(n)

Tinefs//Tinens ¹una(n) waikiTxeT dialogebi:

- dida r¹uns/co? - qo, dida puns/c

- bebi r¹uns/co? - var, bebi va puns/c

- muma ¹uns/co? - qo, mus muma ¹uns/c. - da ¹uns/co? - vari, da va ¹uns/c. - si da r¹uns/co? - qo, ma arTi da do arTi jima puns/c.

- muz¸ma squa ¹uns/c Tis? - Tis sumi squa ¹uns/c. - jimalefi r¹uns/co? - vari, jimalefi va puns/c.

- breli ma¹ale r¹uns/co? - qo, breli ma¹ale puns/c.

- sqan das katu ¹uns/co? - qo, Cqim das oTx(i) katu ¹uns/c.

219

- wingi giRuno?

- qo, wingi miRu.

- ¹ude giRuno? - vari, ¹ude va miRu. - mus muz¸ma wingi uRu? - mus breli wingi uRu.

- muWomi ¹ude uRu? - axali do didi ¹ude uRu. - axal telefon miRu.

- wyar moko.

- WiWe joRori puns/c.

- jveSi maSna puns/c.

waikiTxeT teqsti:

Cqim jimas sum squa ¹uns/c: Jiri ZRabi do arTi boSi. muS unCaS ZRabis nino joxo. nino viT waneri re. WiWe ninos

katu ¹uns, namus¸T WiWe ¹ude uRu. Te katus ciba joxo. Cqim jimaS maJia ZRabis qeTi joxo. qeTi, namuT xuT waneri

re, Zalami Wkveri re. qeTis breli ola¹afinia uRu do jo-Rori ¹uns/c. qeTiS joRori gvalo WiWe re. Cqim uku-

laS//uklaS jimasquas nika joxo. nika Jir waneri re.

Cqim jimas osuri ¹uns. TiS saxeli re maka. Cqim ji-

mas do muS osurs sqvami ¹ude uRuna. munefiS ¹udes didi oze uRu. ozes ortvini do vardefiS baRi re.

wevr-kavSiri:

namuT –romelic (saxelobiTi brunva)

nam¸siT//namus¸T//nam¸s¸T//namusuT – romelsac (micemiTi brunva)

220


- nino, dida do muma r¹unso? - iax(diax), puns.

- bebi do babu r¹unso? - bebi puns/c, mara babu va puns, doRuru.

- si gaTxiri//gaTxili reqo?(qomonji r¹uns/co?) - iax, gaTxiri//gaTxili voreq.

- musxi squa r¹uns/c? - sumi squa puns/c, Jiri boSi do arTi cira. - mu joxona sqan baRanefs? - Tinefs joxona giorgi, irakli do eka.

- nam re unCaSi? - giorgi re unCaSi do eka re uklaSi//ukulaSi, irakli oS-

qari (SuaTana) re.

- muz¸ma//muda da do jima r¹uns/c? - ma arTi da do arTi jima puns/c.

- sqani jima osuram reno?( sqani jimas osur ¹uns/co?) - iax, mu osurami re.

- muz¸ma//muda jimasqua r¹uns/c? - Jiri jimasqua puns/c – nino do qeTi.

- dasqualefi r¹uns/co? - vari, dasqualefi va puns, Cqimi//Cq¸mi da va re gaTxi-

li//gaTxiri.

- Tav(i)s(u)fal(i) dro giRuno?

- vari, Tav(i)s(u)fal(i) dro va miRu, dakebuli voreq, brel

saqme miRu.

axali sityvebi:

gaTxir//gaTxili – gaTxovili

uguTxu – gauTxovari

osurami – coliani

uosure – ucolo

221

Cili do squa – col-Svili

Cildosquami – colSviliani

Cili do qomonji – col-qmari

baRanami – bavSviani

dida do muma – ded-mama

qvrii – qvrivi

Rureli – mkvdari

savarjiSoebi:

1. SeavseT zmnis saTanado formebiT:

1. ma------------------------------ sumi jima.

2. si ---------------------------- didi ¹vana. 3. Tqva ----------------------- sqvami//skvami dida.

4. mus jgiri osuri --------------------.

5. si xuTi axli wingi -----------------.

6. Cqi//Cq¸ sumi joRori ----------------. 7. diasqans jgiri ortvini -----------.

8. daTos --------------- jveSi maSna//maSina.

9. sandros ---------------- sqvami ZRabi.

10. Cqini//Cq¸ni stumarefs problemefi ------------.


1. dida do muma r¹uns/co?---------------------------------------------

2. r¹unso osuri//Cili? qomonji?----------------------------------

3. squalefi r¹uns/co? muz¸ma?---------------------------------------

4. da vara jima r¹uns/co?----------------------------------------------

5. Tqvan jimas osuri ¹uns/co?----------------------------------------

6. Tqvan das qomonji ¹uns/co?----------------------------------------

222

7. munefs squalefi ¹unano?--------------------------------------------

8. afxanag/ki r¹unso?----------------------------------------------------

9. so re ase Tqvani afxanag/ki?---------------------------------------

10. mus samuSa uRuno?----------------------------------------------------

11. mus maSna//maSina ¹uns/co?-------------------------------------------

X. drois zmnizedebi:

muJams/c//muJami? _ rodis?

ase _ axla

amdRa – dRes

Wumani//Wume – xval

goRa – guSin

oWmares – dilas

onjuas – saRamos

ondRes – SuadReze

Sxiras//bSxiras//fSxiras _ xSirad

irdRas//iridRas – yoveldRe

Tel dRas – mTeli dRe

anwi _ awi

TuTaSxas – orSabaTs

TaxaSxas – samSabaTs

jumaSxas – oTxSabaTs

caSxas –xuTSabaTs

obiSxas – paraskevs

sabatons – SabaTs

JaSxas//JeSxas – kviras

waikiTxeT dialogi:

- muJams//muJami//muJamu miRuna gakveTili?

- Wume miRuna, TaxaSxas.

- si muJams giRu gakveTili?

- Wume ondRes, Jir saTis.

- muJams miRuna gamocda?

- sum ivanobas, TuTaSxas, viT saTis.

- muJams re sqani dabadebaS dRa?

- ekeniaS oTxis, WumeSgeRani.

- muJams re koncerti?

- Wume onjuas, Cxoro saTis.

223

muzmaSa(x)? _ ramdenjer?

arTSa(x), JirSa(x), sumSa(x), oTxSa(x).......

- maraSe muzmaSa(x) giRu gakveTilefi?

- irdRas Ji-Jiri saTi.

- Wume muzma gakveTili giRu?

- Wume oTxi gakveTili miRu.

- muJams giRu giSaulari dRa?

- sabatons do JeSxas miRu giSaulari dRa.

nam saTi re? – romeli saaTia?

13:00 _ pirvel(i)//privel(i) saTi re.

14:00 _ Jiri saTi re.

15:00 _ sumi saTi re.

16:00 _ oTxi saTi re.

12:30 _ pirveliS gverdi re.

13:30 _ JiriS gverdi re.

15:30 _ oTxiS gverdi re.

12:10 _ pirveliS viT wunTi re.

14:40 _ sumSa urku eCi ( wunTi).

17:50 _ amSviSa urku viTi (wunTi).

saTi _ saaTi

wunTi – wuTi

sekundi – wami

gverdi – naxevari

urku – aklia

muJams/nam saTis? – rodis / romel saaTze?

13:00 – privel//pirvel saTis

14:00 _ Jir saTis

14:30 _ sumiS gverdis

12:10 _ pirveliS viT wunTis

13:20 _ JiriS eCi wunTis

12:40 _ pirvels urku EeCi wunTin TeSi

224

muJams? / nam TuTas? – rodis? / romel Tves?

ianars, frevals, martis, aprils, mesis, ivanobas, kvir-

kves, argusos, ekenias,Gg¸ma TuTas, gergoba TuTas, qirse Tu-Tas.

waikiTxeT dialogi:

kinos

- gamarjebaT!

- goimorZg¸ RoronT¸q! - kino sode re Taq? - kino rusTaveliS quCas re. - Tena kino reno? - vari, Tena opera re. a Tena re kino.

- nam saTis re kino?

- Cxoro saTis.

- jgiri kino reno?

- qo, mangari re.

- mu Rir¸ bileTi?

- sumi lari.

- jgiri, aba, jgiro orda!

- jgiro!

savarjiSoebi:


Sxiras reqo Te sofels?------------------------------------------------

ir dRas reqo ¹udes?-----------------------------------------------------

oWmares so reT?-----------------------------------------------------------

onjuas sqan(i) da ¹udes reno?----------------------------------------

225

ondRes so req?-------------------------------------------------------------

muJams re sqani dabadebaS dRa?----------------------------------------

muJams re diasqaniS dabadebaS dRa?-----------------------------------

muJams re sqani afxanag/kiS dabadebaS dRa?-------------------------

muJams re Tanafa?(aRdgoma)--------------------------------------------

muJams re qirse? (Soba)--------------------------------------------------

muJams re axal wana?------------------------------------------------------

nam saTis re kurieri?---------------------------------------------------

maraSe muzmaSa re sqani dasqua skolas?----------------------------

daimaxsovreT:

- m¸gaxvama dabadebaS(i) dRas! – gilocav dabadebis dRes!

- m¸gaxvama axal wanas! – gilocav axal wels!

- m¸gaxvama q¸rses! – gilocav Sobas!

- memxvamu//memxvamafu axal wana! – momilocavs axali weli!

XI. `var~ zmna awmyoSi, warsulsa da momavalSi:

ma v-oreq (var) v-ordi (viyavi) ipiq (viqnebi)

si (o)req (xar) (o)rdi (iyavi) i¹iq (iqnebi) mu/Tina (o)re(n) (aris) (o)rdu/¸ (iyo) i¹i (iqne-ba)

Cqi/¸ v-ore-T (varT) v-ordi-T (viyaviT) ipi-T (viqnebiT)

Tqva (o)re-T (xarT) (o)rdi-T (iyaviT) i¹i-T (iqnebiT) munefi/Tinefi (o)re-na(n)(arian) (o)rd –es (iyvnen) i¹i-na(n)(iqnebian)

226

waikiTxeT dialogi:

- levani, so req ase?

- ase ¹udes voreq. - sqan(i) jima so re amdRa Tel dRas?

- va miCqu, mara, ma fifqrenq, anwi malas ¹udes i¹i. - goRa so rdi? - goRa afxanagwkuma//afxanagwkala//afxanagwkela vordi.

- Wume so i¹iq? - Wume Tel dRas samuSas ipiq.

- nino, so re diasqani? - bazars re.

- goRa so rdu/¸? - goRa mezobelwkala rdu.

- Wumani so i¹i? - Wumani, albeT,Y¹udes i¹i. - qeTi, sqani ma¹alefi so rena ase?

- qalaqis rena.

- goRa so rdes? - goRa ortvins muSendes.

- Wume so i¹ina? - Wume kinos i¹ina. - muJams i¹iq ¹udes? - ¹udes onjuas ipiq samuSaS ukuli//ikuli.

- so i¹iq Wumani? - Wumani sabatoni re do va mub/fSenq, albaT ¹udes ipiq. - nam saTis i¹iq ¹udes? - Tel dRas ipiq, oWmareSe onjuaSa.

- namdvilo//nandulo i¹iqo? - aucilebero / mu ragad oko (ra Tqma/laparaki unda)

227

-wkala//-wkela//-wk¸ma – 1. -Tan (axlos), 2. dros.

Ti-wkela, Tim¸-wkela, Timi-wk¸ma – 1. masTan; 2. maSin (im

dros)

levanwk¸ma//levanwkala _ levanTan

¹udewk¸ma _ saxlTan

mezobelwk¸ma _ mezobelTan

diaCqimwk¸ma _ dedaCemTan bebiwk¸ma _ bebiasTan Cqimwk¸ma, sqanwk¸ma, muwku¸ma, Cqinwk¸ma, Tqvanwk¸ma, mune-

fiwk¸ma, Tinefwk¸ma. sqan(i) jimawk¸ma voreq – Sens ZmasTan var.

magram:

sqan jimaSa meulu//meurq – Sens ZmasTan mivdivar.

kinoSa meulu//meurq – kinoSi mivdivar.

diaCqimSa meulu//meurq – dedaCemTan mivdivar.

bazarSa meulu//meurq – bazarSi mivdivar.

eqimSa meulu//meurq – eqimTan mivdivar.

eqimwkala//eqimwkma voreq – eqimTan var

2. ma xolo (mec), si xolo (Senc), mu/Tina xolo (isic), Cq¸ xolo (Cvenc), Tqva xolo (Tqvenc), Tinefi xolo (isinic).

amdRa xolo (dResac), Wume xolo (xvalac), Taq xolo

(aqac), Teq xolo (iqac)......

Wume ma xolo meulu//meurq TeatrSa.

darejan xolo vardu goRa skolas.

Cqi xolo miRuna Tecali burTi.

si xolo molarTi Cqinwk¸ma arTo. moskovs Tinefi xolo vardes.

228


so (o)rdi? – sad iyavi?

xoleberwk¸ma vordi. onjuas Teatris vordiT. Cqimi afxanagefwk¸ma vordi. nanawkala vordi. ma do muaCqimi

sofels vordiT.

so req? – sad xar?

ase skolas voreq. diaCqimwk¸ma voreq. ma do Cqimi dasqua ozes voreT Cqin(i) bebwk¸ma. moskovs voreT. eleneS ¹udewk¸ma voreT. koncertis voreq.

so i¹iq?_ sad iqnebi? qarTis ipiq. ¹udes ipiq. mezobelwk¸ma ipiq. Cqim(i) afxa-

nagwk¸ma ipiq. Wume muaCqimwk¸ma arTo ipiq. so rdu nino?_sad iyo nino?

samuSas rdu. Ti jargvals re. goRa nino baTums¸ rdu. daba-debaS dRas va rdu, albaT, ¹udes rdu. so re Tako?-sad aris Tako?

Tako kinos re. amdRa Tel dRas ozes re. ase oTax¸s re do wingis kiTxulens. muS afxanagefwk¸ma arTo quCas re. so i¹i mu/Tina?-sad iqneba is?

Wume bazars i¹i. WumeSgeRani/geRani sofels i¹ina. Wume Tel

dRas vee¹i//ve¹i//vei ¹udes. amdRa quTeSis i¹i.

savarjiSoebi:

1. daurTeT –wkala//-wkela//-wk¸ma Tandebuli sityvebs:

stoli--------------------------------

mezobeli------------------------------

ja--------------------------------------

maSna//maSina--------------------------

Tamriko-------------------------------

diaCqimi---------------------------------

babusqani------------------------------

afxanaki--------------------------------

duqani----------------------------------

2. gadaiyvaneT yofna warsulsa da momavalSi:

229

1. so re rveuli? rveuli Cqim(i) oTax¸s re.

2. so req? dawk¸ma voreq.

3. so rena sqani afxanagefi?

3. CasviT yofna zmnis swori formebi:

goRa so ------------ si? goRa Cqim(i) afxanagwk¸ma -------------. goRa ninowk¸ma ----------------- . baba so ------------------ goRa? nino goRa babmuSwk¸ma -----------------. Tinefi Cqim(i) deiwk¸ma -------------- goRa. Wume si so -----------------? Cqim uCtelwk¸ma -----------------. Wume Tinefi kinos -----------------. Wume Cqi//Cq¸ diaCqimwk¸ma ---------------. Wume so ---------------- naTia? Wume naTia diamuSwk¸ma -------------.

XII. `mivdivar~ zmna

ma me(v)ulu/¸ //me(v)urq me mivdivar

si meulu/¸//meurq Sen midixar

mu/Tina meurs is midis

Cqi//Cq¸ me(v)urT Cven mivdivarT

Tqva meurT Tqven midixarT

munefi/Tinefi meula(n) isini midian

230

ma moulu/¸//mourq me movdivar

si moulu/¸//mourq Sen mo-

dixar

mu/Tina mours is modis

Cqi//Cq¸ mourT Cven movdivarT

Tqva mourT Tqven modixarT

munefi/Tinefi moula(n) isini modian

zmnebi sxvadasxva mimarTulebis aRmniSvneli zmniswinebiT:

eSmulu//eSmurq//eSourq avdivar

gi/g¸mulu//gi//g¸murq//g¸mourq Cavdivar

inmurq//inourq Cavdivar siRrmeSi

giSmulu//giSurq//g¸Sourq gamovdivar

miT-muli//miT-murq//m¸Tourq Sevdivar(raRacis qveS)

min-mulu//min-murq//m¸nourq Sevdivar(oTaxSi, saxlSi)

miS-mulu//miS-murq//m¸Sourq Sevdivar(SuaSi)

munulu//munurq//munmurq//m¸nourq Semovdivar(oTaxSi,saxlSi)

ginmulu//ginmurq//g¸nourq//ginulu gadavdivar(raRacaze)

gilulu//g¸lourq//gilurq davdivar

brZanebiTis formebia:

meu! – wadi!

morTi//q¸morTi! – modi! eSeli! – adi!@

gimeli! –Cadi!

merTi//q¸merTi! – midi! midarTan! – wavidnen!

ginili! – gadadi!

miTili! – Sedi(qveS)!


- gamarjeba, sqani demur(i) biZi! - gamarjeba, biZi!@ - muWo reT? - ondeT voreq, biZi. lexi vordi sum dRas do ase dio va

voreq jgiro. si muWo req?

- ma jgiro voreq.

231

- so rdi?

- mindors vordi burTis bla¹afendiT(vTamaSobdiT) baRanefi. - ase so meulu?

- ase ¹udeSa meulu.

- onjuas ¹udes i¹iqo? - vari, onjuas ma do muaCqimi s(t)umaro meurT. - miSa meurT? - Cqimi biZiaSa. - jgiri, biZi, jgiro orda! - jgiro ordaT, demur(i) biZi! - gamarjeba, nana! - gamarjeba, eka! - soiSa meulu//meurq?

- qalaqSa meul(u) do ukuli bazarSa meul(u).

- mu goko bazars?

- ¹udes muTuni va miRuna do irfeli moko: xvarxvi, karto-

fili, k¸nt¸ri, kapusta, makindoli, ombale, axali ¹omuri, xili.

- xili ¹udes, ozes vaiRuno? - wi muTuni xili va re ozes, uSquri do sxuliS meti.


- jgiro orda, onjuas ¹udes ipiq do qumorTi! - jgiri, qumuli.


ma amdRa kinoSa meulu//meurq.

Cqimi afxanagi xolo Cqimwkma arTo mours.

nino va murs kinoSa, TiSeni nam¸da//namuda va re jgiro. maia va murs kinoSa, TiSeni nam¸da//namuda vako.

ma vemulu/¸//vemurq - me ar mivdivar

uaryofiTi nawilaki `ve~ (<va(r)) Sezrdilia zmnur formas.

232

TuTaSxas baTumSa meulu//meurq do JeSxas ifrTuq. ma

bSxiras gilulu//gilurq baTumSa. giorgi Wume sum saTis

londonSa dikmurs.QqarTSa mours TaxaSxas. nino jumaSxas

mours. Cqimi dida do muma JeSxas moula.

ma irdRas gilulu samuSaSa. oWmares ¹udeSe adre//arde ginmulu//ginmurq do onjuas ¹udeSa munmulu//munmurq gvians.

samuSaSe ¹udeSa//¹uCa moulu//mourq SqviT saTis. samuSaSe gi-

mulu//gimurq amSv saTis, ginmulu quCas, ukuli miTmobdoxo-

duq taqsis do QCqin quCaSa maSnaT meulu. quCaS daWyafus

giTmulu taqsiSe do kuCxiT meulu ¹udeSax. amdRa ¹udeSe vemulu soTini, TiSeni nam¸da lexi (glaxaT) voreq.

glaxaT voreq – cudad var

lexi voreq _ avad var

laxala//laxara _ avadmyofoba

ase sqanda eSmulu maJira sarTulSa. nino xolo eSmurs. af-

xanagefi xolo eSmula.

malas axal ¹udeSa ginmurT¸. nino masma klasSa ginmurs.

mamuka axal samuSaSa ginmurs.

ma irdRas gilulu//gilurq institutSa. Cqimi osuri xolo

gilurs universitetSa irdRas. Cqini squalefi veglula

skolaSa, Tinefi baRSa gilula. Cqi minSa//kankaleSa gilurT

kinoSa arTo. Cqi//Cq¸ kinoSa iriaTo maSnaT gilurT.

oWmareSe meulu samuSaSa. samuSas voreq Cxoro saTiSe amSvi

saTiSax. sportSa gilulu//gilurq amSv saTiSe bruo saTiSa.

bruoS ukuli voreq ¹udes. onjuas afxanagefSa meurq.

- so meulu//meurq?

- ninoSa meurq. - sovreSe moulu?

- sofelSe moulu//mourq.

- so meulu//meurq?

233

- TeatrSa meulu//meurq.

- sovreSe moulu//mourq?

- ¹udeSe moulu//mourq.

- muT moulu//mourq?

- kuCxiT moulu//mourq.

- muJams meulu//meurq quTeSSa?

- quTeSSa arT TuTaSa meulu//meurq.

- nam wanas mours sqani jima italiaSe?

- Cqimi jima 2007 wanas mours italiaSe.

- muT mours? - va miCqu, albaT gemiT TurqeTSa do ukuli maSnaT

- muJams i¹i Taq? - Taq Jir maraSa//maraSoT i¹i

megrulSic moqmedebiTi brunvis niSania: - iT+i/-T+i

kuCx-iT – fexiT

xe-T(i) _ xeliT

maSna-T(i) _ manqaniT

avtobus-iT _ avtobusiT

gem-iT – gemiT

urem-iT//araba-Ti – urmiT

cxen-iT – cxeniT

velospet-iT – velosipediT

metro-T _ metroTi

daimaxsovreT:

- muSeni? – ratom?

- TiSeni – imitom

- TiSeni namda – imitom, rom

muJams? –

irdRas _ yoveldRe

iro//iriaTo _ yovelTvis

adras//ardas _ adre

malas _ male

minSa//kankaleSa _ zogjer.

gvians – gvian

ukuli – mere,Semdeg

234

arT TuTaSa//arT TuTas//arTi TuTaSoT – erT TveSi

Jir maraSa//Jir maras//Jiri maraSoT _ or kviraSi, orKkvi-

ras, ori kvira

xuT dRaSa//xuT dRaSoT _ xuT dReSi

bruo wanaSa//Bbruo wanaSoT _ rva weliwadSi

Jiri anTas SqviT wanas – 2007 wels

wirwanas – wlevandel wels, wels

gowos/uliri wanas – SarSan/gasul wels

mumalu wanas – momaval wels

so¹ureSe//soureSe//soleSe//sole? – saidan?

¹udeSe – saxlidan

Cqim ¹udeSe _ Cemi saxlidan

skolaSe – skolidan

qarTSe – Tbilisidan

soxumSe – soxumidan

quTeSiSe – quTaisidan

eseni gamoxataven mimarTulebasac, gaaCnia konteqsts: saiT-

ken?

¹udeSe mevurq – saxlisken mivdivar

muJam(i)Se? – rodidan?

oWmare//ordo–oWmareSe//ordoSe dila – dilidan

onjua _ onjuaSeE saRamo _ saRamodan

seri – seriSe Rame – Ramidan

Sqaseri _ SqaseriSe SuaRame _ SuaRamidan

nasqasuru _ nasqaseriSe naSuaRamevi _ naSuaRamevidan

xuT saTi – xuT saTSe xuTi saaTi – xuTi saaTidan

235

- gamarjeba! - gamarjeba! - so meurq Te Sqa sers? - amsersi samuSas ipiq MmTel sers.

- muSeni? - TiSeni namda breli samuSa miRuna do oWmareSe onjuaSa

Teq voreTYarZa.

- muJamSa i¹iq samuSas? - Wume oWmareS Cxoro saTSa.

miSe? – visgan?

boSi – boSi-Se

dida – dida-Se

ZRabi – ZRabi-Se

levani – levani-Se

nana – nana-Se

daTo – daTo-Se

soiSa(x)? – sadamde?

¹udeSa(x) – saxlamde

skolaSa(x) – skolamde

baRSa(x) – baRamde/parkamde

universitetSa(x) – universitetamde

muJamSa(x)? / nam saTSa(x)? _ ra dromde?//rodemde?/ romel saaTamde?

oWmare – oWmareSa(x) dila _ dilamde

onjua – onjuaSa(x) saRamo – saRamomde

ondRe – ondReSa(x) SuadRe – SuadRemde

naondRu//naondReri _ naondRerSa(x) naSuadRevi _ naSuadRemde

xuT saTi – xuT saTSa(x) xuTi saaTi – xuT saaTamde

- deda, ma amdRa kinoSa meurq(u).

- muJams re kino?

- Cxoro saTis.

- muJamSa va murq(u)?

- viTaarTi saTSa.

- malas qumorTi//q¸morTi! - jgiri.

236

- baba, Wume ¹udes vepiq. - muJamSe muJamSa vei¹iq//ve¹iq? - albaT oWmareSe amSvi saTSax.

- jgiri, aba, amSviS ukuli q¸murq¸.

gadmoaqarTuleT:

1. so rdi gowos?--------------------------------------------------------

2. so i¹iq Ti maras?----------------------------------------------------- 3. so rdi 2005 wanas (b)zarxuls?---------------------------------

4. muzma dRaSa meulu//meurq baTumSa?----------------------------

5. arT maraSa//arT maraSoT qarTis i¹iqo?------------------------ 6. muzma TuTaSa//TuTaSoT murs sqani afxanag/ki?---------------

7. adre meulo ¹udeSa?-------------------------------------------------- 8. ¹udeSa iriaTo gvians meurqo?------------------------------------- 9. gilulo kinoSa?-------------------------------------------------------

10. nam saTis meurq samuSaSa?-------------------------------------------

11. muT gilurq samuSaSa?-----------------------------------------------

12. irdRas gilurqo samuSaSa?-----------------------------------------

13. xSiras gilurqo TeatrSa?------------------------------------------

14. so meurq amdRa samuSaS ukuli?----------------------------------

15. soleSe//sov/ureSe mourq?------------------------------------------

16. ortvinSe mourqo?----------------------------------------------------

SeavseT nimuSis mixedviT:

¹ude _ ¹udeSe _ ¹udeSax duqani ------------------------------------------------------------------------

samuSa ------------------------------------------------------------------------

amerika -----------------------------------------------------------------------

oze ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

oWmare ------------------------------------------------------------------------

onjua ------------------------------------------------------------------------

ondRe -------------------------------------------------------------------------

237

nino - ninoSe

uCiteli ------------------------

dida ------------------------------

dei --------------------------------

afxanagi ------------------------

mezobeli ----------------------

dida do muma ---------------

CasviT `mivdivar~ zmnis saTanado droisa da piris formebi:

1. ma irdRas ----------------------------- samuSaSa.

2. mu amdRa operaSa --------------------------------.

3. Cqim afxanaki amdRa Cqimda ----------------.

4. Cqim stumari amdRa -------------------------- quTeSiSe.

5. Cqi zugidiS botanikur baRSa -------------------------

6. maxvTa sarTulSa kuCxiT ----------------------------------.

7. ¹udeSe irdRas ------------------------- bruo saTis. 8. ¹udeSa gvians ------------------------------------. 9. Tina quCas ---------------------------.

10. ir oWmares skolaSa ----------------------- avtobusiT.

XIII. `mivdivar~ zmnis formebi momavalSi:

ma ulu/¸//urq (me waval) Cqi/¸ ur-T (Cven wavalT) si ulu/¸//urq (Sen waxval) Tqva ur-T (Tqven waxvalT)

mu/Tina urs (is wava) munefi/Tinefi ula(n) (isini wavlen)

qimulu/¸//qimurq - mival moulu//mourq - moval

midulu/¸//midurq - waval q¸mou-lu//q¸mourq - wamoval

geSulu/¸//geSurq - aval(zeviT) gimu-

lu//gimurq - Camoval(qveviT)

gegmulu//gegmurq - gaval(gareT) miniblenq//minurq-Semoval(SigniT)

238


- muJams urq bakurianSa?

- TuTaSxas urq

- sqan(i) squalefi muJams ula? - Tinefi SqviT qirse TuTas ula?

- muJams dikurq bakurianSe?

- malas dikurq, Jiri maraSa//maraSo.

- nino muJams dikurs?

- nino va miCqu, albeT//albaT arT maraS ukul(i). - qeTi, muJams mourq Cqimda qarTSa?

- malas mourq! arT TuTaSa!

- diasqani do muasqani xolo moulano?

- qo, moula.

- ukul(i) muJams meurT mariamSa?

- albaT Jir maraSa midurT.

- nam saTis murs DdaTo?

- daTo viT saTis murs.

- nam saTis mula s(t)umarefi?

- s(t)umarefi onjuas mula, SqviT saTis.

- nam saTis murs sqani mami//mamda?

- Cqim mamda amdRa oWmares murs.

- nam saTis re stoli Wume?

- stoli Wume onjuas re.

waikiTxeT teqsti:

amdRa Cqi koncertSa meurT. Cqinwkuma arTo moula Cqini

s(t)umarefi do Cqimi dida do muma. Cqi iriaTo arTo gi-

lurT koncertefSa. Cqini afxanagefi xolo iriaTo gilula

koncertefSa. Wume dadianefiS muzeumSa mepuna s(t)umarefi.

dadianefiS muzeumi Zalam sqvami re. Teq re sqvami do jveSi

baRi, sode oSi do jiroSwaneri jalefi Cans(dargulia) ir-

dixas.

239

*

arTi saTiS

Jir dRaS

sum maraS ukuli//ikuli

oTx TuTaS

xuT wanaS

waikiTxeT dialogi:

- gamarjeba sqani!

- gamarjeba!

- muWo req?

- jgiro, muTa miWirs. si muWo req?

- ma xolo muTa miWirs.

- muJams meurq qarTSa?

- Jir dRaS ukuli//ikuli.

- moskovSa vemurqo?

- qo, moskovSa xolo meurq, mara dio vari. moskovSa xuT

TuTaS ukuli//ikuli meurq.

- amdRa mus orTuq?

- amdRa, arT saTiS ukuli//ikuli gogiSa oko ibde.


- jgiro orda!


1. so urq amdRa samuSaS ukuli?

2. urqo sabatons TeatrSa?

3. nam saTis meulu//meurq ninoSa?

4. qumurqo Wume gakveTilSa?

5. muT urq SoneSa//SoneTSa?

6. muJams murs Tqvani Soferi?

7. muJams murs sqani ojaxi?

8. sabatons urqo muzeumSa?

9. muJams mourq aWaraSe?

10. Wume midurqo sqani daS SioxvalamSa?

240

CasviT “wasvla” zmna momaval droSi:

ma amdRa adre ------------------------------

xoleberefi Wume -------------------------- restoranSa.

Cqim moTa qarTSa ------------------------- arTi TuTaSa.

merabi aeroport¸SaAmaSnaT ---------------------. arT maraSa Tina --------------------------- masvanjebSa?

onjuas Tinefi ------------------- restoranSa afxanagefiS Siox-

valamSa.

ma TaxaSxas ve --------------------- samuSaSa.

Tina amdRa TeatrSa ---------------------.

Cqimi afxanagefi amdRa ------------------ Cqimda.

sqani stumari gorSe Wumani//Wume ------------------.

Cqi//Cq¸ albaT arT TuTaSa axal ¹udeSa ----------------. Jir TuTaS ukuli ----------- londonSa.

Cqimi dida do muma ¹udeSa gvians -------------------. XIV. `mivdivar~ zmna warsulSi

ma ibdi (me wavedi) Cqi ibdi-T (Cven wavediT)

si idi (Sen waxvedi) Tqva idi-T (Tqven waxvediT)

muq idu/¸ (is wavida) munefq//munenq id-es

(isini wavidnen)

qimefrTi – mivedi q¸mofrTi _ movedi midafrTi – wavedi molafrTi _ wamovedi

eSafrTi – avedi iSebli//eSebli _ amovedi

dinivli//dinovrTi _ Cavedi gimebli – Camovedi

minofrTi – Sevedi gemnofrTi//minibli–Semovedi//Sevedi

gimibli _ gavedi gegmofrTi _ gamovedi

ginofrTi – gadavedi gegnofrTi – gadmovedi

gilafrTi – viare

241


- gamarjeba, sqani!

- goimorZg¸ RoronT¸q! - so re levani?

- levan(i) va re ¹udes. - so idu?

- restoranSa idu oWkomSa//oWkumSa//oWkumuSa.

- muJams idu?

- pirvel saTis idu.

- xvale iduo?

- vari, afxanagefwk¸ma arTo idu. - si vemulo//vemurqo//vemeulo//vemeurqo?

- qo, ma xolo meulu gverd saTSa//saTSoT.

- sovreSe mozojiT?

- qarTSe mofrTi.

- Tqvani s(t)umarq sovreSe morTu/¸? - Cqim s(t)umarq amerikaSe morTu/¸. - muJams morTu/¸ amerikaSe? - Jir TuTaS woxole.

- xvale morTuo?

- vari, muS ojaxobawk¸ma arTo morTu. - sqvami osuri ¹unso? - muTa uWirs.

axali sityvebi:

mozojiT – mobrZandiT

woxole – win, winaT

muTa uWirs – ara uSavs, araferi uWirs

muTuni vauWirs _ araferi ar uWirs

oWkomSa – saWmelad

mamda /mami – mamida

Sioxvamilafaro – Sesaxvedrad

242

mosvanjeba//mosvanjafa//mosvanja//moSvandafa//moSvanda – dasve-

neba

ibdaT! – wavideT!

SioxvalamSa – Sesaxvedrad

xvale – marto, mxolod

ifrTuq – vbrundebi

bla¹afendiT – vTamaSobdiT kiTxulens – kiTxulobs

muSendes – muSaobdnen

*

arT(i) saTiS(i)

oTx(i) dRaS(i)

Jir(i) maraS(i) woxole (win)

sum(i) TuTaS(i)

xuT(i) wanaS(i)

savarjiSoebi:


1. so idi goRa skolaS(i) ukuli?----------------------------------

2. sovreSe morTi?--------------------------------------------------------

3. ¹udeSe morTio?--------------------------------------------------------

4. Tinenq so ides koncertiS ukuli?-------------------------------

5. nikaq sabatons TeatrSa iduo?-------------------------------------

6. nam saTis morTu Tqvani uCitelq?--------------------------------

7. muJams morT sqan faniaq?--------------------------------------------

8. sabatons eqskursiaSa idiTo?--------------------------------------

9. midarTeso kinoSa?-----------------------------------------------------

10. gegnorTiTo axal ¹udeSa?------------------------------------------

243

2. CasviT `wasvla~ forma warsulSi:

goRa ma onjuaSa ----------------------- restoranSa.

Cqim(i) afxanagefq//afxanagenq ------------------- s(t)umaro.

diaCqimq qarTSa ------------------------ gowos.

daTo arTi saTiS woxole quCas gilardu do ase va miCqu

so --------------------.

Tiq axal ¹udeSa -----------------------. goRa onjuas Tinefi Cqimda ---------------------------.

XV. `mivdivar~ zmna II kavSirebiTSi:

megrulSi ornairi kavSirebiTi gvaqvs I-sa da II piris mxo-lobiT ricxvSi: -e an –a daboloebiT.

ma oko ibde//midabrTe(ibda//midabrTa) me unda wavide

si oko ide//midarTe (ida//midarTa) Sen unda waxvide

muq oko idas//midarTas is unda wavides.

Cqi//Cq¸ oko ibda-T//midabrTaT Cven unda wavideT

Tqva oko ida-T//midarTaT Tqven unda waxvideT

munefq//munenq oko ida-n(i)//midarTan(i) isini unda wavidnen.

SeadareT:

ma moko ibde//midabrTen(i) me minda wavide

si goko ide//midarTen(i) Sen ginda waxvide

mus oko idas//midarTas(i) mas unda wavides

Cqi//Cq¸ mokona ibdaT//midabrTaT(ini) Cven gvinda wavideT

Tqva gokona idaT//midarTaT(ini) Tqven gindaT waxvideT

munefs//munens okona idan(i)//midarTan(i) maT undaT wavidnen

“ibde”s aqvs ufro usruli aspeqtis gageba, vidre “midab-

rTe” formas.

244

ma Semleb(u) ibde me SemiZlia wavide

si Se(g)ileb(u) ide Sen SegiZlia waxvide

mus Seuleb(u) idas mas SeuZlia wavides

Cqi//Cq¸ Semlebuna ibdaT Cven SegviZlia wavideT

Tqva Se(g)ilebuna idaT Tqven SegiZliaT waxvideT

munefs//munens Seulebna idan(i) maT SeuZliaT wavidnen

brZanebiTis uaryofiTi forma:

- ve-da(T)! ar waxvide(T)!

- va-morTa(T)! ar moxvide(T)!

- va-mnorTa(T)! ar Semoxvide(T)!

- ve-gmorTa(T)! ar gaxvide(T)!


- muJams oko morTe qarTSa?

- TuTaSxas, mara veSemlebu, va bCod¸, aeroportSa oko ibde, Cqimi Cili do squa moskovSe murs//mours.

- muTa uWirs! gokonda, TuTaSxas qumorTi, ma Tavis(u)fal

voreq oWmareS viTi saTSe pirvel saTSax.

- oWmares veSemleb(u) moula, Cqimi osurq samuSaSa oko

idas do ma ¹udes oko vorde. qiSilebenda, onjuas q¸mou-lu, xuT saTis.

- vari, xu saTis va morTa, ma veSemlebu, brel saqme miRu,

vammaWiSe, amSvis qumorTi! q¸Seilebuno?

- qo, Semlebu, aucilebero qumuli//q¸moulu.

- muJams oko idaT gudaurSa? - memiCqun(i), obiSxas oko ibdaT. - Tqvani jima xolo mourso?

- qo, Tina xolo mours Cqinwk¸ma arTo. - muJams oko dirTaT gudaurSe? - JeSxa onjuas Taq ipiT. si xolo Seilebu Cqinwkma arTo

molarTeni.

- maldoba//madloba, mara veSemlebu, vafCodu.

- nam(u) quCaSa mezojunT?

245

- faliaSviliS quCaSa me(v)urT.

- nam(u) nomerSa mezojunT? - viToxuT nomerSa meulu do ukuli TavisuflebaS moedanSa

meurqu.

- jgiri, ibdaT! savarjiSoebi: 1. upasuxeT SekiTxvebs:

so oko ide skolaS ukuli? -------------------------------------------

so goko ideni? ------------------------------------------------------------

so oko idan(i) baRanefq//baRanenq amdRa? --------------------------

sabatons TeatrSa oko ideo? ------------------------------------------

nam saTis oko mobrTe Wume//Wumani gakveTilSa? -----------------

nam saTis oko morTani sumarefq//sumarenq? -----------------------

muJams goko sqan ojaxiq morTasin? ---------------------------------

Wume//Wumani oko ibdaTo ongarSa? -----------------------------------

muJams Seilebu Cqimda morTen? ---------------------------------------

Seilebno maRaziaSa ula? -----------------------------------------------

2. CasviT “wasvla” zmna kavSirebiTSi:

Wume//Wumani ma oko --------------------- sofelSa.

ma veSemlebu ------------------- samuSaSa TuTaSxas.

Cqim(i) mezobelefs okona ---------------- kinoSa.

sqani afxanagiq oko ------------- baTumSa geRani.

giorgis veSuleb(u) --------------- bazarSa, saqme uRu.

Jir maraSa Te ¹udeSa oko --------------. muJams goko ------------------ ninoSa?

246

vagokono ma do si -------------------------- babCqimSa?

onjuas Tinefq Cqimda oko --------------------.

sabatons Tqva oko ---------------------- Te koCiS unCaSiSa.

daToq sum saTis oko ------------------ skolaSe.

axali sityvebi:

qoSilebenda//qiSilebenda – Tu SeiZleba

vammaWiSe – ver movaswreb

sadili – sadili

gilard¸ _ idga veSemlebu – ar SemiZlia

vabCodu – ar mcalia

moula//mula – mosvla

oko – unda

Sone//SoneTi – svaneTi

Soni – svani

osursqua – qaliSvili

qomolsqua – vaJiSvili

qomolkaTa – mamakacebi

osurkaTa – dedakacebi//qalebi

kaTa – xalxi

breli – bevri

dRars//dRas var//dRas – arasdros

Cieba – laparaki, saubari

muTuni – araferi

debabdi – davibade

nina – ena

soni? _ sadauri?

sovreSe/sovre?/soure? _ saidan?

muWomi? – rogori?

muneri? – ranairi?

247

XVI. erovneba da qveynebi

qi¹ana(qveyana) nacia(erovneba) mu?namu? (ra?romeli?)

mi(n)?(vin?) soni?(sadauri?) muWomi? (rogori?)

saqorTuo qorTu qorTuli

ruseTi rusi rusuli

germania neme(n)ci (немец)// neme(n)curi//

germaneli leme(n)curi//germanuli

italia italieli italiuri

saqorTuoS mxarefi//kunTxuefi:

saafxazo afxaza afxazuri

samargalo margali margaluri

aWara aWareli aWaruli

Sone//SoneTi Soni Sonuri

saqorTuoS prezidenti _ saqarTvelos prezidenti

elax¸ saqorTuo – aRmosavleT saqarTvelo

melax¸ saqorTuo – dasavleT saqarTvelo

bJaiolu/¸ saqorTuo _ aRmosavleT saqarTvelo

bJadaal¸/u saqorTuo – dasavleT saqarTvelo

kaTa – xalxi

nacia – eri, erovneba

- mu naciaS koC req?/ soni/¸ req? - ma qorTu voreq. si soni req? - ma rusi voreq. - Ti sqani sumari soni re? - Cqim sumari amerikaSe re. - Ti osuri soni re,nam kunTxuSe? - Tina Soni re, SoneSe. - sovreSe req? - ma qarTSe voreq.

248

- qorTu reqo? - qo, qorTu voreq - nam kunTxuSe req? - ma margali voreq, samargaloSe, mara qarTis debabdi do

Teq bcxovrenq.

- xvale cxovrenq do vari ojaxi r¹uns? - xvale vabcxovrenq, Cil do squa puns.

- muzma//musxi squa r¹uns? - arTi osursqua do arTi qomolsqua.

- sqani squalefs/c margaluri quCqunano (ician)?

- Cqimi cira dio gvalo WiWe re do veCieb¸ (ar laparakobs)

muTuns, Cqim boSi xuTi waneri re do irfeli arCqile (es-

mis) margaluro.

- sqani afxanakefi sovreSe rena? - Cqimi afxanakefi Taqianefi (aqaurebi) rena, qorTuefi rena. - gvalo jgiri, baba, aba, jgiro miZirdaT!

- jgiro zojundaT, pateni.


Wume SoneSa//SoneTSa me(v)urq. ma Soni afxanaki puns. ma

Zalami mi¹ors SonefiS oWkomalefi:kubdari do WviStari.

Jir maraSa ma safrangeTSa meurq, TiSen namda Zalami

mobwons Te qi¹ana. arT TuTaSa indoeTSa meulu. Zalams mointeresu Te qi-

ana. indoeTSe breli afxanaki puns. indoeTiS xalxi sainte-

reso kaTa re. dRas vamWkomu TinefiS oWkomali.

gowos saberZneTis vordi. Zalams mobwons berZen kaTa.

breli berZnuli wingefi miRu.

zarxuls sofels vordi, baxvis. baxvi Cqimi mamiS so-

feli re. Te sofeli gurias re. Zalam sqvami sofeli re. ir

zarxuls Teq meurT arZa.

249

qarTi _ Tbilisi

qarTi saqorTuoS dedaqalaqi re. saqorTuos jveSi do

saintereso istoria uRu. saqorTuo arZa urcxo kaTas oin-

teres¸. ir zarxuls qarTSa breli urcxoeli mours. qarTi

sqvami qalaqi re. Taq breli re oZirafali. breli re sqvami

¹ude do quCa. nabetani saintereso re jveSi qarTi. Taq bre-li eklesia//oxvame re. qarTis cxovrena qorTuefi, rusefi,

somexefi, azerbaijanelefi, berZenefi. qarTis re Teatrefi,

kinoefi, biblioTekefi, muzeumefi, maRaziefi. Taq breli res-

toranefi re. qarTis brelneri oWkomaliS Wkomua Silebe.

amindefi qarTis jgiri re. zarxuls sinCxe re, 25-30

gradusi re, zoTonjis//zoTons Cxuru re, Tuns, ¹inuns. gi-Sulirs do damorCils rgili amindefi re.

zarxuli – zafxuli

giSuliri – gazafxuli


zoTonji – zamTari

giSulirs – gazafxulze

zarxuls – zafxulSi

damorCils – Semodgomaze

zoTonjis//zoTons – zamTarSi

ma mi¹ors me miyvars

si gi¹ors Sen giyvars

Tis (mus) u¹ors mas uyvars

Cqi/¸ mi¹ora(n) Cven gviyvars

Tqva gi¹ora(n) Tqven giyvarT

Tinefs//Tinens u¹ora(n) maT uyvarT

(munefs//munens)

250

ma mob/pwons me momwons

si morwons Sen mogwons

Tis mowons mas moswons

Cqi/¸ mob/pwona(n) Cven mogvwons

Tqva morwona(n) Tqven mogwonT

Tinefs//Tinens mowona(n) maT moswonT

ma mointeresu/¸ me mainteresebs

si gointeresu/¸ Sen gainteresebs

Tis ointeresu/¸ mas ainteresebs

Cqi/¸ mointeresna(n) Cven gvainteresebs

Tqva gointeresna(n) Tqven gainteresebT

Tinefs//Tinens ointeresna(n) maT ainteresebT

ma miCq¸(n) me vici

si giCq¸(n) Sen ici

Tis uCq¸(n) man icis

Cqi miCq¸na(n) Cven viciT

Tqva giCq¸na(n) Tqven iciT

Tinefs//Tinens uCq¸na(n) maT ician

magram: Te ZRabis ib/fCine//ib/fCinenq (vicnob)

ma ibCine(nq)//ifCine(nq) me vicnob

si iCine(nq) Sen icnob

mu/Tina iCinens is icnobs

Cqi ibCinenT//ifCinenT Cven vicnobT

Tqva iCinenT Tqven icnobT

Tinefi iCinena(n) isini icnoben

251

savarjiSoebi:

1. mu morwona qarTis?--------------------------------------------------

2. mu vamorwona qarTis?------------------------------------------------

3. nam restoran morwona qarTis?------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. ¹udeefi morwonano qarTis? muSeni?---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. qorTuli musika do bira(simRera) morwonano?---------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

6. qorTuli oWkomalefi morwonano? nam morwona?-------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

SeavseT gamotovebuli adgilebi:

ma Zalams mointeresu -----------------------------.

ma Teq breli afxanakefi ----------------------.

----------------------- saintereso kaTa re.

mobwons ------------------------- sqvami buneba.

zarxuls vordi --------------------------.

ma ------------------------------ WiTa Rvini mobwons.

ma breli --------------------- wingefi miRu.

mus Zalams u¹ors -------------------------- Cai. muS bebi ------------------------ re.

dialogebi:

- nam nina giCqu?

- ma miCqu qorTuli, margaluri, Sonuri, rusuli do in-

glisuri.

- sovre giCqu Tezma//Tesxi nina?

- muaCqimi qorTu re, diaCqimi margali re, rusuli do in-

glisurs skolas moguruana(maswavlian) do Sonuri ase

dibgure Cqim afxanakSe.

- sqan afxanaki Soni reno?

- qo, Soni re.

- nam raionSe re?

- mestiaS raionSe re.

252

- Sones//SoneTis cxovrenso?

- vari, qarTis cxovrens, mara Sonuri uCqu.

- Tqva nam ninaSa iCiebuT ¹udes? - ¹udes minSa margaluro ibCiebuT, minSa qorTulo.

- sqan jimas xolo uCquno margaluri?

- qo, Cqi arZas miCquna margaluri.

- gvalo jgiri, baba, oko giCqudani.

- sqani urcxo afxanagefs/c qorTuli nina quCqunano?

- arZas vari, xvale aTe Jir boSis uCqu.

- Te boSefi soni rena?

- Tenefi amerikelefi rena?

- sovreSe uCquna qorTuli?

- Taq guraflena(swavloben).

- muSo okona qorTuli nina?

- institutis guraflena(swavloben).

- sqani jima so re?

- Cqimi jima germanias re.

- mu oko germanias?

- Teq guraflens.

- mus guraflens?.

- saeqimos guraflens.

- mu ninaSa guraflens?.

- nemecur ninaSa guraflens.

- jgiro uCquno germanuli nina?

- qo, gvalo jgiro uCqu do Teq xolo gilurs ninaS da-

gurafSa(saswavlad).

- sqani unCaSi soni re?

- Cqim unCaSi qorTu re, qarTSe morTu.

- mu nina uCqu?

- Cqim unCaSis jgiro uCqu qorTuli do WiWeT//ondeT mar-

galuri.

- so diguru margaluri?

- margaluri Taq diguru.

- muzma xan re Taqi re?

- arTi wana qore.

253

savarjiSo: Cqim squaS afxanakis ------------------ espanuri nina.

sqani ma¹alefs jgiro ----------------------- qorTuli nina.

diamuSis breli nina ---------------.

Te koc jgiro --------------------------.

Tqva rusuli -----------------------------?

Cqi//Cq¸ WiWe margaluri -------------------------, mara Tqva Su-

ro ------------------------------------.

si jgiro ---------------- inglisuri?

ma va --------------------- inglisuri jgiro.

XVII. viTarebis zmnizedebi:

muWomi? – rogori? SeadareT: muWo? - rogor?

jgiri//jg¸ri(kargi) jgiro//jg¸ro (kargad) glaxa (cudi) glaxas//T (cudad)

sqvami//skvami(lamazi) sqvamas//skvamas (lamazad)

swori//mangi(swori, toli) sworas//mangas (sworad)

Tini//Tinu(swori, gamarTuli) Tinas (sworad, gamarTulad)

ioli iolas (iolad)

Zneli Znelas (Znelad)

kunta(mokle) kuntas (mokled)

qorTuli (qarTuli) qorTulo (qarTulad)

Tavisufali Tavisufalo (Tavisuflad)

ginZe//girZe//g¸nZe//g¸rZe (grZeli) ginZas (grZlad)

neli nelas (nela)

Cqari Cqaras (Cqara)

254

waikiTxe winadadebebi:

ma qorTuli miCqu. ma bWarunq, bkiTxulenq do ibCiebuq

qorTulo. si xolo jgiro iCiebuq do kiTxulenq qorTulo,

mara Warua vaiCqu. Tina WiWes iCiebu qorTulo.

Cqim margali afxanakefi jgiro iCiebuna qorTulo, mara

Warua do kiTxiri jgiro ve Seuleb¸na. kaxa Cqaras iCiebu, daTo nelas iCiebu do Tako Suro veCiebu qorTulo, mara

kiTxulens jgiro.

waikiTxeT dialogebi: - gamarjeba, Cqimi jima!

- goimorZg¸ RoronT¸q! - muWo reT? - jgiro voreT, RoronTiS WyolofuaT. Tqva muWo zojunT?

- Cqi xolo muTa miWira.

- Tqvani moTa so re? - nam(u) moTa, unCaSi Tu ukulaSi//uklaSi?

- varTi unCaSi do varTi uk(u)laSi, Tqvani oSkari//oSqari

moTa so re?

- Cqimi oSkari//oSqari moTa, nino, qarTis guraflens, aq vare.

- muJams idu qarTiSa? - ukve arTi wana re muT idun.

- mus orT¸ (akeTebs) Teq? - guraflens.

- mus guraflens?

- urcxo qianaS ninas. - nam qianaS ninas guraflens?

- vamiCqu, nana, inglisurs oko guraflendas//guraflendasoko.

- muJams dirTu(dabrundeba)? - dio vari, nana, albeT, oTx wanaSa.

- oZirafSa Suro va murso? - qo, zarxuls oko morTas arTi TuTaTi.

- jgiri, jgiro zojundaT,pateni!

255

- jgiro orda, squa! - gamarjebaT! - gamarjebaT! - wyari qiSilebeno?

- muWo vari, nana, inWaSi wyari gokona do kraniSi? - inWaSi misxununa, qiSilebenda!

- muWo vari, amari re inWa do geSeRiT wyari vedraT, a, Wirqa. - ma didi madlobeli voreq.

- muSeni iSqidanq, sqani Wiri! - jgiro zojundaT! - jgiro ordaT!

axali sityvebi: oZirafuSa – sanaxavad

Suro – saerTod, sul, sruliad

gvalo – mTlianad, sul

vedra - vedro

Wirqa – Wiqa

muSeni iSqidanq! – rogor gekadreba!, ratom kadrulob?

I subieqturi piris niSani megrulSi aris v- , romelic

xmovnebis win daculia, xolo zugdidur-samurzayanulSi

Tanxmovnebis win v- gadadis poziciurad oTx sxva bgeraSi:

b- (mJRerebis win), f- (yru fSvinvierebis win), p- (yru

mkveTrebis win), m- (cxvirismierTa win).

II subieqturi piris niSani megruls ara aqvs.

III subieqturi piris niSnebia: -s, -n, -e.

SeniSvna: megrulSi axlandel droSi zmnis subieqturi wyo-

biT uRlebisas I da II piris formebs moudiT -q sufiqsi.

I subieqturi piris formaTa mravlobiToba gamoixateba

-T sufiqsiT, II subieqturi pirisac -T sufiqsiT, III subieq-

turi piris mravlobiTi ricxvis niSnebia: -an, -es.

256

I v- (b-//f-//p-//m-) ________ v- (b-//f-//p-//m-) ____ -T

II _________________________ _____________________ -T

III _______________ -s, -n, -u ________________ -an, -es

subieqti saxelobiT brunvaSia, obieqti _ micemiTSi.

Warua - wera

ma b/p-War¸nq me v-wer

si War¸nq Sen wer

mu/Tina War¸ns/c is wer-s

Cqi//Cq¸ b/p-War¸n-T Cven v-wer-T

Tqva War¸n-T Tqven wer-T

munefi/Tinefi War¸n-a(n) isini wer-en

kiTxiri – kiTxva

ma b/p-kiTxulenq me v-kiTxulob

si kiTxulenq Sen kiTxulob

mu/Tina kiTxulen-s is kiTxulob-s

Cqi//Cq¸ b/p-kiTxulen-T Cven v-kiTxulob-T

Tqva kiTxulen-T Tqven kiTxulob-T

munefi/Tinefi kiTxulen-a(n) isini kiTxulob-en

Cieba, ragadi – laparaki, saubari

ma ib/-fCiebuq//b-ragadanq me v-laparakob

si iCiebuq//ragadanq Sen laparakob

mu/Tina iCiebu//ragadans is laparakob-s

Cqi//Cq¸ ib/f-Ciebu-(n)T//b-ragadanT Cven v-laparakob-T

Tqva iCiebuT//ragadan-T Tqven laparakob-T

munefi/Tinefi iCiebun-a(n)//ragadan-a(n) isini laparakob-en

257

gurafa - swavla

ma b-guraflenq me vswavlob

si guraflenq Sen swavlob

mu/Tina guraflen-s is swavlobs

Cqi//Cq¸ b-guraflen-T Cven vswavlobT

Tqva guraflen-T Tqven swavlobT

munefi/Tinefi guraflen-a(n) isini swavloben

eka wingis kiTxulens

- mi(n) kiTxulens wingis? _ eka

- mus kiTxulens eka? _ wingis

ma baraTis//qaRardis bWar¸nq. - mi(n) War¸ns baraTis//qaRardis? – ma. - mus bWar¸nq ma? _ baraTis//qaRardis.

ma baraTis//qaRardis bWar¸nq Cqim afxanakiSa - miSa War¸nq baraTis//qaRardis? _ afxanakiSa

- mus War¸nq afxanakiSa? – baraTis//qaRardis

giorgi daToSen iCiebu//ragadans.

- miSen iCiebu//ragadans giorgi? _ daToSen(i).

- mi(n) iCiebu//ragadans daToSeni? _ giorgi. ma qorTulo Warua miCqu.

ma kiTxiri mi¹ors. mus breli Cieba u¹ors. munefi//Tinefi Tel dRas guraflena

maRazias//duqans

- gamarjebaT! - gamarjebaT! - ma margaluri-qorTuli leq/ksikoni moko, giRunano?

258

- mi re leqsikoniS maWarali (mwerali)?

- leqsikoniS maWarali re oTar qajaia.

- a, amari re, nam wingi gokona? - muzma wingi re? - sumi wingi re. - arZa giRunano? - qo, sumxolo miRuna.

- sumxolo qomCiT. mu Rir¸? - arZa arTo oTxoneCi lari Rir¸. - o, Zalam Zviri re, mara mosaWiru. q¸moZiriT qiSilebenda.

- a,pateni. muSo gokona Te wingi? - margalur ninas bgurafleq.

- Zneli reno?

- vari, vare Zneli, mara dro oko do jgiri uCiteli. jgiri

leqqsikoni re, qomuCiT qiSilebenda.

- inebiT! - didi madlobeli voreq.

- muSeni iSqidanT,pateni!

axali sityvebi:

Teli – mTeli

mosaWiru – mWirdeba

arTo – erTad

sumxolo – samive

maWarali – damweri, mwerali(aq: Semdgeneli)

q¸moZiriT – maCveneT! savarjiSoebi:


muWo iCiebu qorTulo?--------------------------------------------------

diasqani muWo kiTxulens rusulo?_---------------------------------

sqani mowafefi jgiro iCiebunano margaluro?--------------------

259

nam iCiebu ujguSo rusulo _ daTo Tu Tamriko?---------------

baRanefi wyinaras Warunano inglisurs?-----------------------------

xonarmaRalo iCiebuna Ti koCefi mi(n) rena?-----------------------

Cqim squa Tavisufalo iCiebu sum(i) ninaSa. sqani nam ninaSa

iCiebu?-------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. CasviT erTi fuZidan momdinare zedsarTavi saxeli da

zmnizeda:

maka -------------------------- studenti re.

Tina ----------------- iCiebu qorTulo.

Ti ZRabi ------------ re. diamuSis gu//g¸ (hgavs). Te ZRabi -------------- Waruns do kiTxulens.

Cqini boSefi ------------------ va guraflena. TiSeni namda ozarna

(ezarebaT).

amdRa ----------------- dRa re, Wvens do Cxuru re.

Cqimi ¹ude

- so cxovrenq?

- ma saqorTuos bcxovrenq, qarTis.

- nam quCas cxovrenq?

- ma abaSiZeS quCas bcxovrenq.

- nam nomeri re sqani ¹ude?//nam nomer ¹udes cxovrenq? - ma bcxovrenq SqviT nomers.

- nam sarTuls reT?

- maCxora sarTuls bcxovrenq.

- muzma oTax¸//Toli giRu binas?//muzma oTaxami//muzma

Tolam re sqani bina?

- Cqimi bina xuToTaxam//xuTTolami re// binas xuT oTa-

xi//Toli re: sumi danjirali oTaxi, arTi didi sasuma-

ro oTaxi do arTi baRanaS oTaxi.

- kuCxardgili ¹udes giRunano? - qo, ¹udes Jiri kuCxardgili do Jiri vana re.

- ¹udes abarwa quRuno?

260

- qo, didi abarwa miRuna woxoleSe do WiWe balkoni mi-

Runa ukaxaleSe.

- sqani jima so cxovrens?

- Cqim jima vare ase Taq, sofelSa idu do Teq cxovrens.

- sofels so cxovrens?

- sofels ¹ude uRu do Teq re ase. - miS ¹ude re? - Cqim(i) bebi do babuS ¹ude re. - didi ¹ude reno? - qo, JirsarTuliani ¹ude re. - muzma Toli re ¹udes? - ¹ude did vare, Tudo (qveviT) Jiri Toli re do Ji (ze-

moT) sum Toli re.

- meti muSo oko?

- var muTunSo (arc arafrisTvis).

- oze quRuno ¹udes? - qo, ¹udes didi oze uRu, ozes irfeli//ifreli re: baRi,

ortvini, xexili.

- diasqani do muasqani so cxovrena?

- diaCqimi do muaCqimi qarTis cxovrena.

- ¹ude uRuna do var binens cxovrena? - binens cxovrena, sum Toli bina uRuna.

- xvale cxorenano?

- ase xvale rena, TiSeni namda Cqim da inglisis re, guraf-

lens.

- mus guraflens?

- ninas guraflens.

- inglisurso?

- inglisurs do germanuls.

- gvalo jgiri.

261

cxo(v)reba – cxovreba ma b-cxorenq//b-cxovrenq me v-cxovrob

si cxorenq//cxovrenq Sen cxovrob

mu /Tina cxoren-s//cxovren-s is cxovrob-s

Cqi//Cq¸ b-cxoren-T//b-cxovren-T Cven v-cxovrob-T

Tqva cxoren-T//cxovren-T Tqven cxovrob-T

munefi /Tinefi cxoren-a(n)//cxovren-a(n) isini cxovrob-en

muSeba – muSaoba ma mu-b-Senq1 me v-muSaob

si muSenq Sen muSaob

mu /Tina muSen-s is muSaob-s

Cqi//Cq¸ mu-b-Sen-T Cven v-muSaob-T

Tqva muSen-T Tqven muSaob-TM

munefi /Tinefi muSen-a(n) isini muSaob-en

gurafa – swavla

ma b-guraflenq me vswavlob

si guraflenq Sen swavlob

mu /Tina guraflen-s is swavlob-s

Cqi//Cq¸ b-guraflen-T Cven v-swavlob-T

Tqva guraflen-T Tqven swavlob-T

munefi /Tinefi guraflen-a(n) isini swavlob-en

ma muSeba moko

si gurafa goko

mus italias oko cxoreba.

ma mobwons saqorTuos cxoreba.

1 SeniSvna: v-muSenqmu-v-Senqmu-b-Senq.

262

keTeba – (ga)keTeba

ma v-akeTe(nq) me v-akeTeb

si akeTe(nq) Sen akeTeb

mu /Tina akeTen-s is akeTeb-s

Cqi//Cq¸ v-akeTen-T Cven v-akeTeb-T

Tqva akeTen-T Tqven akeTeb-T

munefi /Tinefi akeTen-a(n) isini akeTeb-en

dialogi:

- mus akeTe(nq) ase?

- ase bWarunq.

- mus Warunq?

- qaRardis//baraTis bWarunq.

- mis Warunq qaRardis?

- diaCqims bWarunq qaRardis.

- nam ninaSa Warunq?

- margaluro bWarunq.

- mus kiTxulenq?

- wingis bkiTxulenq.

- mu wingis kiTxulenq?

- qorTul wingis bkiTxulenq.

- rusulo qiCiebuqo?

- qo, ibCiebuq do bkiTxulenq rusulo.

- si rusuls guraflenqo?

- iax, bguraflenq rusuls do qorTuls.

- muWo guraflenq?

- jgiro bguraflenq.

savarjiSoebi:

CasviT saTanado zmnebi:

ma jgiro ------------------------ qorTuls.

si so ------------------------ do so -----------------?

sqan(i) ojaxi nam qianas ----------------------?

mus -------------------- skolas?

263

sabatoni do JeSxas Cqi va ---------------.

Cqim(i) dasqua parizis ---------------- frangul ninas.

Cqim(i) jima va ---------- saqorTuos.

Cqim mezobeli --------------- zugids ase.

Tqva so ----------------- qarTis?

waikiTxeT da upasuxeT SekiTxvebs:

1. so muSens diasqani?---------------------------------------------------

2. so guraflens sqani dasqua?---------------------------------------

3. muJams muSenq?----------------------------------------------------------

4. so re sqani samuSa?---------------------------------------------------

5. mus guraflenT institutis?--------------------------------------

6. maraSe muzmaSa guraflenq inglisur ninas?--------------------

7. sqani urcxo sumari so cxorens qarTis?----------------------

8. muasqani muzma TuTas muSens warmowanas?----------------------

9. nam ¹udes cxovrena Te baRanefi?---------------------------------

XVIII.

qona – yola formebi warsulSi; uwyvetlis warmoeba: miRu(n) – miRudu maqvs – mqonda

giRu(n) – giRudu gaqvs – gqonda

uRu(n) – uRudu aqvs – hqonda

miRuna(n) – miRudes gvaqvs – gvqonda

giRuna(n) – giRudes gaqvT – gqondaT

uRuna(n) – uRudes aqvT – hqondaT

p¹uns/c//puns/c – pundu myavs – myavda

r¹uns _ r¹undu gyavs – gyavda ¹uns _ ¹undu hyavs – hyavda p¹una//puna _ pundes gvyavs – gvyavda

r¹una(n) _ r¹undes gyavT – gyavdaT

¹una(n) _ ¹undes hyavT – hyavdaT

264

mi¹ors _ mi¹ordu/¸ mob/pwons – mobwondu/¸ mointeres _ mointeresudu/¸ moko – mokodu/¸ mosaWir _ mosaWirudu/¸

waikiTxeT:

goRa Jir saTis miRudu qorTuliS gakveTili. amdRa

sum saTis miRu.

- si giRuduo goRa qorTuliS gakveTili?

- vari, vamiRudu, TiSeni namda Cqimi uCiteli goRa glaxaTi

rdu.

- ninos nam gakveTil uRudu goRa?

- ninos maxuTa gakveTili uRudu.

- goRa gamocda giRuduo? - vari, ma vamiRudu gamocda, Cqim afxanakens/c uRudes.

* * *

- muSen vamorTi goRa kinoSa? - goRa brel saqme miRudu, onjuas mokodu kinoSa m(o)ula,

mara kaTa mafudu oZirafali do TiS gurSeni vammarT(in)u.

- Cqixolo samuSas sumarefi pundes ukrainaSe. samuSaS uku-

li restoranSa ibdiT. sqanoT kinoS bileTi miRudu, mara

muTa uWirs.

- didi bodiSi, vammarT(in)uni, Zams//Zalams mokodu m(o)ula

do Tqvanwkuma arTo rina(yofna), kino xolo mointeresu-

du.

- muTa uWirs, Wume meu kinoSa do qoZiri(naxe).

265

gurafa – swavla

ma b-guraflenq ma b-guraflendi

si guraflenq si guraflendi

mu/Tina guraflen-s mu/Tina guraflend-u/¸ Cqi b-guraflen-T Cqi b-guraflendi-T

Tqva guraflen-T Tqva guraflendi-T

munefi/Tinefi guraflen-a(n) munefi/Tinefi guraflend-es

muSeba - muSaoba

ma mu-b-Senq ma mu-b-Sendi

si muSenq si muSendi

mu/Tina muSen-s mu/Tina muSendu/¸ Cqi mu-b-Sen-T Cqi mu-b-Sendi-T

Tqva muSen-T Tqva muSendi-T

munefi/Tinefi muSen-a(n) munefi/Tinefi muSend-es

ma bcxovrendi _ me vcxovrobdi

ma bkiTxulendi _ me vkiTxulobdi

ma bWarundi _ me vwerdi

ma ibCiebudi _ me vlaparakobdi

ma vakeTendi _ me vakeTebdi

ma vorTudi//vakeTendi _ me vSvrebodi//vakeTebdi

miCqu(n) _ miCqudu vici _ vicodi

giCqu(n) _ giCqudu ici _ icodi

uCqu(n) _ uCqudu icis – icoda

miCquna(n) _ miCqudes viciT – vicodiT

giCquna(n) – giCqudes iciT – icodiT

uCquna(n) – uCqudes ician – icodnen

266

waikiTxeT dialogebi: * * *

- mus akeTendi//mus orTudi goRa?

- ¹udes vordi do bguraflendi, bWarundi, bkiTxulendi.

- mus kiTxulendi?

- saintereso wingis bkiTxulendi.

- mus Warundi? - WumeSo(xvalisTvis) bWarundi davalebas.

- sqani afxanaki nato mus akeTendu//orTudu? - muTuns vakeTendu. goRa vauCqudu davaleba do muTuns va-

Warundu.

- nino do eka mus akeTena//mus orTuna? Tinefi xolo guraf-

lendeso?

- qo, munefi xolo guraflendes, Warundes do kiTxulendes.

* * *

- maka! so cxovrenq ase?

- ase zugid¸s//zugi(d)s//zugic bcxovrenq, mara TeiSa (manam-de) qarTis bcxovrendi do bguraflendi.

- so guraflendi?

- universitetis bguraflendi.

- mus guraflendi?

- lingvistikas bguraflendi, brels bWarundi do bkiTxu-

lendi.

- so muSendi? - biblioTekas mubSendi.

- Taq, zugid¸s, mus akeTenq? muSenqo do vari? - qo, Taq xolo mubSenq, qalaqiS merias.

- namu urcxo nina qoiCqu//giCqu?

- inglisuri do espanuri miCqu/¸. - jgiro giCquno?

- woxole ujguSo miCqudu/¸, mara ase vabSu/¸ (ar maxsovs) jgiro//ase qiSmoWyordu/¸(damaviwyda).

267

axali sityvebi:

TeiSax//TiSax//TiSa//TeiSa – manamde

namTini – aravin, arc erTi

namu – romeli

muTuni – araferi

bSu/¸ – maxsovs vabSu/¸ – ar maxsovs WumeSo – xvalisTvis

namTineSa – zogjer

nam(¸)Tine – zogierTi wvaneri//wvaneli – fxali

varT feri – arc iseTi

(a)TeSeni – (a)mitom

gemuani – gemrieli, tkbili.

-So(T) – Tvis

¹udeSo(T) – saxlisTvis

ninoSo(T) – ninosTvis

squaSo(T) – SvilisTvis

ZRabSo(T) – gogosTvis

magram: Cqimo(T) – CemTvis sqano(T) – SenTvis muSo(T)/TiSo(T) – TavisTvis/misTvis Cqino(T) – CvenTvis Tqvano(T) – TqvenTvis munefSo(T) /TinefSo(T) – TavianTTvis / maTTvis

savarjiSoebi:


mus orTuq//akeTenq ase?--------------------------------------------------

mus orTudi//akeTendi goRa?--------------------------------------------

mus orTu//akeTens sqani jima?------------------------------------------

mus orTud¸//akeTend¸ Tina goRa?------------------------------------

268

giCquno, so muSens Tina?-------------------------------------------------

giCquno, so muSendu Tina gowos?-------------------------------------

so muSendi TeiSa(x)?------------------------------------------------------

goRa nam saTSax muSendi?------------------------------------------------

so guraflendi?------------------------------------------------------------

muzma wanas guraflendi do muSendi?--------------------------------

XIX. axali zmnebi:

Wkumua//Wkomua – Wama

ma b/pWkomunq me vWam

si Wkomunq Sen Wam

mu/Tina Wkomuns is Wams

Cqi//Cq¸ b/pWkomunT Cven vWamT

Tqva WkomunT Tqven WamT

munefi/Tinefi Wkomuna(n) isini Wamen

ma b/pWkomundi me vWamdi

si Wkomundi Sen Wamdi

mu/Tina Wkomundu/¸ is Wam-

da

Cqi//Cq¸ b/pWkomundiT Cven vWamdiT

Tqva WkomundiT Tqven WamdiT

munefi/Tinefi Wkomundes isini Wamdnen

Suma – sma

ma b/fSunq me vsvam

si Sunq Sen svam

mu/Tina Suns is svams

Cqi//Cq¸ b/fSunT Cven vsvamT

Tqva SunT Tqven svamT

munefi/Tinefi Suna(n) isini svamen

269

ma b/fSundi me vsvamdi

si Sundi Sen svamdi

mu/Tina Sundu is svamda

Cqi//Cq¸ b/fSundiT Cven vsvamdiT

Tqva SundiT Tqven svamdiT

munefi/Tinefi Sundes isini svamdnen

waikiTxeT dialogi:

- nam saTis Wkomunq oWmares do mus Wkomunq? - oWmareS bruo saTis bWkomunq. namTineSa marwvens bWkomunq do namTineSa karaqam qobals.

- ondRes nam saTis Wkomunq do so Wkomunq?

- ondRes pirvel vara Jir saTis bWkomunq ¹udes. - mus Wkomunq?

- Rum do ¹vals, lebias, namTineSa xaWapurs, wvaners, k¸nt¸ri do pamidoriS salaTas, namTineSa TuS xorcis.

- mus Sunq? - Suro vabSunq, mara namTineSa WiWe WiTa/uCa Rvins bSunq. - pivas Sunqo?

- vari, piva vami¹ors. - restoranSa bSxiras gilurqo?

- varT feri- maraSe arTSa(x). woxole gilurdi//gilefSi ir

dRas.

- nam restoranefSa gilurq?

- ma qorTuli oWkomali mobwons do TeSeni qorTul resto-

ranefSa gilurq//gilulu. qorTuli oWkomali gemuani re.

woxole Sxva restoranefSa xolo gilefSi do arZa oWko-

mali gamorsebul mafu.

WiTa, uCa Rvini – wiTeli, Savi Rvino

270

ma gilurdi//gileb/fSi me davdiodi

si gilurdi//gileSi Sen dadiodi

mu/Tina gilurdu//gileSu is dadioda

Cqi//Cq¸ gilurdiT//gileb/fSiT Cven davdiodiT

Tqva gilurdiT//gileSiT Tqven dadiodiT

munefi/Tinefi gilurdes//gileSes isini dadiodnen

¹idiri – yidva

ma p/b¹idulenq qobals(purs)

si ¹idulenq

mu/Tina ¹idulens

Cqi//Cq¸ p/b¹idulenT

Tqva ¹idulenT

munefi/Tinefi ¹idulena(n)

rCqila - Mmosmena

ma vurCqileq

si urCqileq

mu/Tina urCqile

Cqi//Cq¸ vurCqileT

Tqva urCqileT

munefi/Tinefi urCqilena(n)

jina – yureba ma vujineq

si ujineq

mu/Tina ujine

Cqi//Cq¸ vujineT

Tqva ujineT

munefi/Tinefi ujinena(n)

sumari

271

Cqimi sumari, qeTi, zugidari re. ase Cqinwk¸/uma cxov-rens qarTis muS ojaxwk¸ma arTo do muSens qarTiS univer-sitetis.

muS arziT, qarTi jgiri qalaqi re. TiSeni namda Taq

breli Teatri re, kino re, breli do sqvami restoranefi

do kafeefi re.

qeTi mTel dRas samuSas re do muSens. muJams Tavisu-

fal dro uRun¸, mu TviTon gilurs maRaziefSa do bazar-

Sa. Tina muS ojaxSo(T) ¹idulens produqtis, oWkomals. sa-

baton do JaSxas ojaxwk¸ma arTo gilurs maRaziefSa do

¹idulens TinefSo padarkefs/c. onjuas, muJams ¹udes re(n), mu ujine televizors, vara urCqile musikas. qeTis Zalams

u¹ors musika, gansakuTrebiT, qorTuli.

waikiTxeT dialogebi: - gamarjeba sqani, osuri pateni!

- goimorZgu/¸ RoronTq! - muWo zojunT!

- jgiro, Tqva muWo reT?

- Cqi, RoronTiSiT, jgiro voreT.

- baRanefi muWo rena?

- unCaSi do ukulaSi jgiro rena, oSqari vardu jgiro,

mara ase ujguSo re.

- mu oWudu?//oWedu?

- mu miCqu/¸, albeT gorgidu/¸ do sinCxe uRudu. - ase muWo re?

- ase va uRu sinCxe, mara dio va Wkomuns jgiro.

- logins januno?

- var, logins va janu, mara ¹udeSe vegmurs gale, nTel

dRas televizors ujine do wingis kiTxulens.

- muTa uWirs, baRana re do malas ujguSo i¹i. - jgiri, aba, jgiro orda!

- jgiro ordaT!

272

XX. profesiebi:

xelobefi // profesiefi:

min mus akeTens? _ vin ras akeTebs?

muSa muSens.

doxTuri muSens savadmyofos//banicas.

uCiteli mowafens oguruans.

maxantali xantuns oxantals//suraTis.

maWarali Waruns wingis.

sportsmeni la¹afens lelos.

artisti la¹afens Teatris. Sdr: baRana la¹afens ozes.

waikiTxeT dialogi:

- mu profesia giRuna? - ma doxTuri voreq, savadmyofos mubSenq do sadoxTuros xolo voguruanq students.

- Tqvani qomonji xolo doxturi reno?

- vari, Cqimi qomonji va re doxturi, maxantali re, xan-

tuns.

- so muSens?

- ase va muSens, ¹udes re, TeiSa skolas muSendu do baRa-

nefs oguruandu xantuas.

- Tqvani dida do muma mu profesiaS rena? - diaCqimi uCiteli re, universitetis oguruans qorTuls.

muaCqimi Jurnalisti re, televizias muSens.

- Tqvani squalefi mu profesiaS rena?

- unCaSi artisti re, Teatris muSens, oSqari guraflens

sainJinros do ukulaSi dio WiWe re do skolas guraf-

lens, irdRas gilurs skolaSa.

- RoronTq moirdas! - madloba!

273

axali zmnebi:

(do)gurafa - swavleba

ma voguruanq

si oguruanq

mu/Tina oguruans

Cqi//Cq¸ voguruanT

Tqva oguruanT

munefi/Tinefi oguruana(n)

xantua – xatva ma bxantunq

si xantunq

mu/Tina xantuns

Cqi//Cq¸ bxantunT

Tqva xantunT

munefi/Tinefi xantuna(n)

iribi obieqti mesame pirSia.

ma voguruanq Tinas//Tis me vaswavli mas

ma bWarunq “ me vwer “

ma bxantunq “ me vxatav “

ma vujineq “ me vuyureb “

ma vurCqileq “ me vusmen “

274

iribi obieqti meore pirSia

ma goguruanq si me gaswavli Sen

ma rWarunq si me gwer Sen

ma rxantunq si me gxatav Sen

ma gijineq si me giyureb Sen

ma girCqileq si me gismen Sen

S 1 mxolobiTSi

ma voguruanq mus/munefs//munens me vaswavli mas/maT

ma goguruanq si/ma goguruanT Tqva me gaswavli Sen/me

gaswavliT Tqven

S2 mxolobiTSi

si oguruanq mus/munefs//munens Sen aswavli mas/maT

si moguruanq ma Sen maswavli me

si moguruanT Cqi Sen gvaswavli Cven

S3 mxolobiTSi

mu moguruans ma is maswavlis me

mu moguruana(n) Cqi is gvaswavlis Cven

mu goguruans si is gaswavlis Sen

mu goguruana(n) Tqva is gaswavliT Tqven

mu oguruans mus/munefs//munens/Tinens is aswavlis mas/maT

S1 mravlobiTSi

Cqi voguruanT mus/munefs//munens (qorTuls)

Cven vaswavliT mas/maT (qarTuls)

Cqi goguruanT si/Tqva Cven gaswavliT Sen/Tqven

S2 mravlobiTSi

Tqva oguruanT mus/munefs//munens

Tqven aswavliT mas/maT

Tqva moguruanT ma/Tqva moguruanT Cqi

Tqven maswavliT me/Tqven gvaswavliT Cven

275

S3 mravlobiTSi

munefi//Tinefi moguruana(n) ma/munefi//Tinefi moguruana(n) Cqi

isini maswavlian me/isini gvaswavlian Cven

munefi goguruana(n) si/munefi goguruana(n) Tqva

isini gaswavlian Sen/isini gaswavlian Tqven

munefi oguruana(n) mus/munefs//munens isini aswavlian mas/maT

waikiTxe winadadebebi:

Cqimi afxanaki ma qorTuls moguruans.

ma goguruanq si qorTuls do nino inglisurs goguruans.

Cqi axali uCiteli moguruana. Tqva mi(n) goguruana?

maxantali ma bxantuns.

Tqva rxantuna maxantali.

diaCqimi bSxiras//fSxiras//Sxiras bWaruns qarRadis, mara

Cqimi afxanakefi Sxiras va bWaruna qarRadefs//qarRadens.

ma si girCqileq, mara Tqva ma vamrCqileT.

muSeni mijine Tina ma?

muSeni gijinena munefi//Tinefi si?

savarjiSoebi:

upasuxeT kiTxvebs:

- mu profesiaS reT?-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- mu profesiaS re Tqvani osuri/qomonji?---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- mu profesiaS rena Tqvani dida do muma?--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- mu profesiaS rena Tqvani afxanakefi?------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- mu//namu profesia morwona?--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

276

XXI. momavali drois warmoeba: axlandeli dro momavali dro

mus orTuq?( ras Svrebi) mus Rolanq?(ras izam)

bWarunq dobWarunq wingis

mebWarunq (ninos qarRadis)

bxantunq dobxantunq

vurCqileq (mo)urCqileq//mourCqiluanq

//muurCqiluanq

bWkomunq obWkomunq

ibCiebuq ibCiebuq

mubSenq imubSenq//qimubSenq

bla¹afenq ibla¹afuq//qibla(¹)afuq bkiTxulenq webkiTxenq//qibkiTxanq

bguraflenq ibguruanq//dibguruanq

pidulenq ipidenq//qipidenq

bSunq gebSunq

voguruanq du/ovoguruanq

ujineq ujineq//qoujineq

momavali dro

ma dob/pWarunq//dob/pWar¸nq si doWarunq//doWar¸nq mu/Tina doWaruns//doWar¸ns Cqi//Cq¸ dobWarunT//dobWar¸nT Tqva doWarunT//doWar¸nT munefi/Tinefi doWaruna(n)//doWar¸na(n)

ma ibguruanq

si iguruanq

mu/Tina iguruans

Cqi//Cq¸ ibguruanT

Tqva iguruanT

munefi/ Tinefi iguruana(n)

277


- mus orTuq?

- bguraflenq.

- Wume mus Rola(nq)?

- Wume wingis ibkiTxenq.

- mu mus Rolans?

- mu davalebas doWaruns.

- munefi mus Rolana?

- munefi imuSena.

- mus Wkomunq?

- muTuni va moko, va voreq Sqirenuli, madloba.

- geSunqo muTuns?

- qo, wyars gefSunq.

- televizors qujineqo?

- vari, radios vurCqileq.

- Wume qimuSenqo?

- vari, Wume vemubSenq, sabatoni re do miTini va muSens.

- mus Rolanq?

- bazarSa miduli do arTi maraS oWkomals qipidenq. onju-

as mezobelefSa gemnuli do nardis qibla¹afuT.

margaluri ninaS gakveTils/c

margaluri ninaS uCiteli re osurpateni nino, mowafe

re daTo.

- qiSilebeno gemnobrTe, osurpateni?

- munozojiT, dozojiT daTo pateni.

- muWo zojunT osurpateni nino?

- madloberi, jgiro voreq, Tqva?

- ma xolo jgiro voreq.

- daTo, Tqva margaluro jgiro iCiebuT!

- madloberi, ma jgiro bragadanq do bkiTxulenq, mara

moko ujguSo miCqudas(i).

278

- muTun vauWirs. Tqva malas ujguSo iCiebudaT i¹i. - ma bkiTxulenq margaluro, mara Cqaras vamakiTxire. ma va-

makiTxire margaluri arikefi, girZe lersefi.

- muTun va uWirs. brels qimuSenT¸da, malas wekiTxenT.

iswavleT axali zmna:

rekua – da-rekva

ma brekunq ninoSa – me vrekav ninosTan

SeadareT:

ma vurekunq ninos – me vurekav ninos.

momaval droSi:

ma dourekunq//duurekunq mus/munefs//munens, Tis/Tinefs//Ti-

nens

ma doirekunq si – ma doirekunT Tqva.

si dourekunq mus/munefs, Tis/Tinefs

si dom¸rekunq ma _ dom¸rekunT Cqi//Cq¸ mu dom¸rekuns ma _ dom¸rekuna Cqi//Cq¸ mu doirekuns si _ doirekuna Tqva

mu dourekuns munefs//Tinefs

Cqi//Cq¸ dourekunT//durekunT mus/munefs Cqi//Cq¸ doirekunT si/Tqva Tqva dourekunT//durekunT mus/munefs

Tqva domrekunT ma/Cqi//Cq¸ munefi dom¸rekuna ma/ Cqi//Cq¸ munefi doirekuna si/Tqva

munefi dourekuna//durekuna mus//Tis, munefs//Tinefs

279

aseve iuRleba zmna:

ma vujineq Tis//mus

ma gijineq si.....

savarjiSoebi:


1. mus wekiTxe(nq) onjuas?---------------------------------------------

2. mus qiminunq sabaton do JaSxas?---------------------------------

3. mus geSunq ase?--------------------------------------------------------

4. mus Wkomunq sadilo?-------------------------------------------------

5. mus ujineq onjuas?---------------------------------------------------

6. mus mourCqiluanq onjuas?-----------------------------------------

7. so imuSenq zarxuls?------------------------------------------------

8. so ila¹afuq tyobinjobaias(damalobanas)?---------------------

9. muJams doWarunq davalebas?--------------------------------------

10. muJams qikiTxenq//wekiTxenq axal sityvens?--------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

11. muJams i¹idenq axal maSnas?----------------------------------------

12. Wume dorekunqo?-------------------------------------------------------

2. gadaiyvaneT zmna axlandeli droidan momavalSi:

ma voreq mindors-----------------------------------------------------------

vurCqileq mafSalias, muWo mi¹ors Te bira------------------------ Cqim(i) ma¹alefi ujinena kokobes(kakabs)----------------------------

nino jgiro oguruans daTos margalurs----------------------------

mowafefi jgiro iCiebuna//ragadana margaluro.--------------------

Tina cxovrens obujis.----------------------------------------------------

ma iridRas vurekunq ekas.------------------------------------------------

vaxtangi do maro gulena dadianefiS baR¸s.-----------------------

280

XXII. wyvetilis (warsuli drois) warmoeba:

awmyo: ma vogurua ma¹ales margalurs

wyvetili: ma quduogure ma¹ales margaluri.

ma dobWari

si doWari

muq/Tiq doWaru

Cqi//Cq¸ dobWariT

Tqva doWariT

munefq/Tinefq doWares

awmyo myofadi wyvetili b/pWarunq dob/pWarunq dob/pWari

b/pWkomunq ob/pWkomunq ob/pWkomi

vakeTenq guvakeTenq guvakeTi

fxantunq dofxantunq dofxanti

(v)urekunq durekunq//dourekunq dureki//doureki

vurCqileq qurCqileq qurCqili

vujineq qo(v)ujineq qujini//qoujini

ib/fCiebuq qib/fCiebuq qib/fCii

b/fcxovrenq qib/fcxo(v)renq qib/fcxori

mub/fSenq qimub/fSenq qimub/fSe

bla¹afenq qibla¹afuq qibla¹afi bkiTxulenq webkiTxenq webkiTxi

bguraflenq qidibguruanq qidibgure

voguruanq q¸duoguruanq q¸duogure p¹idulenq qipidenq qipidi

bSunq gefSunq gefSvi

281

waikiTxeT winadadebebi: 1. ma bSxiras//Sxiras vurCqileq maWirxoliS RurWuls

(mercxlis WikWiks).

2. Wume onjuas qurCqileq mabirefiS gundis.

3. goRa qourCqili sqan(i) giSulas televizors.

4. onjua-onjuas vujineq televizors Cqim(i) ¹udes. 5. Wume uRuraleT qujineq axal kinos.

6. goRa qujini baRanefiS sxapua do biras.

7. ma iridRas//irdRas vurekunq Cqim(i) jimas.

8. ma Wume durekunq levanis.

9. goRa dureki Cqim(i) ma¹ales.

Zirafa - naxva

awmyo myofadi ma vorwyeq mus//Tis ma qobZirunq mus//Tis

wyvetili ma qobZiri mu//Tina


ma vorwyeq giorgis. Tina ozes la¹afens. ma vavorwyeq ninos, Tina va re ozes. ma gorwyeq si. ma qobZi-

runq natos Wume. si xolo qorZirunq Wume, ¹udes qi¹iqda. ma goRa saariko kino bZiri, mara si varZiri Teq.


- goRa mu qimini gakveTils?

- Cqi//Cq¸ dobWariT axali zityvefi, webkiTxiT arikefi do

breli bragadeT margaluro.

- xolo mu qiminiT?

282

- xolo gefSviT bJa do obWkomiT WviStari.

- sqan sumarq qidiguruo margaluri?

- qo, Cqim sumarq jgiro qidiguru margaluri. Tina qiana-

Sis iCiebu margaluro.

- goRa Tiq breli iCuo diaras?

- qo, breli ragadu, qoT qibiru, qoT qosxapu,ukuli Cqi-

mi artaJian ¹udes quduorule.

- muJams meurs sqani sumari muS(i) qianaSa?

- arT(i) maraSa ulamudas oko ula, mara TeiSa(x) ointe-

res zugidi do samurzayanoS(i) Zirafa.

- sqani sumari xvale reno mouliri do muSi faniaT?

- muS fania darCels re, naTeseS(i) ¹udes. - aSo vaulamunano mula?

- qo, WumeSo veluq.

SeadareT:

ma vakeTenq muSo(T) sadils – ma sadils vukeTenq mus.

ma bWarunq muSo(T) qaRardis – ma qaRardis vuWarunq mus

ma bxantunq suraTis _ ma suraTis vuxantunq mus.

waikiTxeT teqsti:

ma do Cqim faniaq//Cil do squaq dRaxuef/ns//dRasanwalef/ns

sofelSa, wyarpijSa midabrTiT. tarozi rdu. baRanef/nq bre-

li ila¹afes. Cqi dobWviT qoTomefi, wiwilefi, WviStarefi.

bWkomiT, bSviT, bragadeT; jgiri rdu, jgiro mibsvanjiT.

jaralua – (Zveli dResaswauli, rac niSnavs TavSeyras, ja-

rianobas)

Tamara sqvami cira re, tani larWemSa qugu. goRaneri jara-

luas irkoCiSi usqvamaSi aSardu. jars breli sumarefi rdes

amerikaSe. Te sumarefi margalurs do qorTuls guraflena.

patoni riCardi sumi wana re guraflens margalurs do ase

283

gvalo jgiro iCiebu//ragadans margaluro.Tamara do riCardi

ma¹aleefi rena. Tamaraq daguru riCardis margaluri. riCar-

diSi afxanagefi xolo ocaduna margaluriS dogurafas. su-

maref/ns oxujuna samargalos rina. jaraluaq gukvirdes.

ujinedes baRanefiS do axalefiS sxapuas, urCqiledes marga-

lur obireens. xaneri kaTaSi RarTi do kabaq mangarq//Zaamq

mewones. Cqinobura Rvini xolo gamorses. “geSvi Rvini xara-

Tia”-qubires sumaref/ns. meriqifeens giluRudes Rvini orko-

liT. menZelef/ns foxalefiT afudes Rvini moRaliri. Cqino-

bura “adesa” do “ojaleSi” brel qianefs mowona. sumarefq

daxe gegnilases “xintkiriS” la¹afi qoZires¸ni; Jiri Tole-

kirili qomolkoCi arTians yamefiT goTxozudu. midgas

umosSa aZgvited yama maJiaSani, Tina i¹id gomorZgvili.

TeSi ukuli “marulas” qujines. Cq¸n bedaurefq gakvires

SorSe munaula sumarefi. jaraluaq akoserels geTu. sumare-

fi do menZelefi elaxaTrebuli rdes. irkoCq Wie-WieT//WiWe-

WiWeT ¹udeefSa midarTes masvanjefSa.

axali sityvebi:

kokobe – kakabi

bSxiras//Sxiras – xSirad

maWirxoli//marWixoli – mercxali

RurWuli – WikWiki

uRuraleT//uRuralo – usikvdilod

zityvebi – sityvebi

arikefi – zRaprebi; arakebi

sumari – stumari

qianaSi – uamravi, bevri(“qveynis” Sdr: qveynis xalxi movida)

diara – qorwili, sufra; “Zoveba”

qoT – kidevac

sarTuli//artaJi (этаж) – sarTuli

artaJiani – sarTuliani

TeiSa(x) – manamde, manam

284


aSo – aqeT

WumeSo(T) – xvalisTvis

veluq – velodebi

ulamudu – apirebda, lamobda

fania – ojaxi, col-Svili, jalabi

dRasanwali//dRaxu – dResaswauli, dasvenebis (gamosasvleli)

dRe.

jaralua – jarianoba, TavSeyra

wyarpiji – wylispiri, napiri

dobWviT (Wuala) – SevwviT(Sewva)

mibsvanjiT – davisveneT

larWemi – lerwami

usqvamaSi – ulamazesi

ocaduna – cdiloben

uxujana//oxujuna – awyobT

axalefi – axalgazrdebi

obire – simRera

mangari – magari

Zaami – Zalian

Cqinobura – Cveneburi

gamorseba – gasinjva

xara – Cafi (xaraTia – CafiTao)

qubires – umReres

orkoli – doqi, sura

menZeli – maspinZeli

fuxalefi//foxalefi – koka, wylis didi WurWeli

(24 litri Cadis)

gegnilases – gadairivnen

xintkiria – TamaSis saxelwodebaa

Toli – Tvali

Tolekirili – Tvalakruli, Tvalaxveuli

goTxozudu – uvlida(gars), Semourbenda

midga – vinc

umosSa – ufro metad,ufro

285

Zgvitafa – Cxvleta

yama – xanjali

gomorZgvili – gamarjvebuli

munaula – mosuli, namyofi

akoserils//akoserels – Sebindebisas

elaxaTrebuli – SezarxoSebuli, SexaTrebuli

savarjiSoebi:

CasviT moTxrobiT brunvaSi:

boSi – boSiq

bebi –

maria –

giorgi –

Cqim(i) ma¹ale –

Cqimi mezobeli –

Jiri ZRabi –

arTi osuri –

saqorTuoSi mafa –

Cqimi jimaS osuri –

Cqini nosa –

sqani sinja –

XXIII. gaimeoreT zmnebi:

awmyo uwyveteli myofadi wyvetili ma b/pWkomunq b/pWkomundi ob/pWkomunq ma ob/pWkomi

mu Wkomuns Wkomundu oWkomuns muq oWkomu

munefi Wkomuna(n) Wkomundes oWkomuna(n) munef/nq oWkomes

ma b/fSunq b/fSundi geb/fSunq ma geb/fSvi

mu Suns Sundu geSuns muq geSu

munefi Suna(n) Sundes geSuna(n) munef/nq geSves

286

axali sityvebi:

sakakalo _ sauzme ma bkakalenq(vzakuskenq)

sadili – sadili ma bsadilenq

oserSo/e – vaxSami ma voserSenq

ma bsadilenq bsadilendi qibsadilenq ma qibsadili

mu sadilens sadilendi qisadilens muq qisadilu

munefi sadilena(n) sadilendes qisadilena(n) munefq qisadiles


sabzadis (samzareuloSi)

- nam saTis kakalenq?//Wkomunq oWmares?

- oWmareS Cxoro saTis bkakalenq.

- mus mirTvenq?//mus Wkomunq?

- ma bWkomunq qobals, ¹vals,karaqis, xaSil kvercxis, To-

furs do mura(m)bas.

- mus Sunq?

- ma bSunq Cais, varda bJas.

- bJami//bJalami kofe vai¹orso? - qo, muWo var, mi¹ors; limonami Cai xolo mi¹ors. - nam saTis sadilenq?

- aTaSi sum saTiSo.

- mus mirTvenq?

- ma bSxiras Wvili xorcis do xaSili kartofils bWko-

munq, mara umoso Rumu do baJeS genwyili qoToms mib-

rTvenq.

- mi¹ors Rumus aSaxaSili xomla//xumla ¹vali(selegini).

lasiri lebia do daZmarebuli xolo mobwons. ojaleSis

givoSuanq do vara adesas.

- mus gio¹unuanq sadils deserto?

- oSiner xili miCans: uSquri, sxuli, ¹urzeni do atama. berwuli do mandarna xolo breli ma¹ina.

- mi(n) akeTens sadils?

287

- Cqimi osuri. kankaleSa ma xolo voxvaruq.

- mu dros oserSenq?

- onjuaS bruo saTiSo; gebSunq vara bJas, vara Cais; minSa

marwvens//marwvins pWkumunq.

- Wume mi(n) abzadens sakakalos?

- nino mamzadens.

- mus gaakeTens nino?

- doWuns ¹vals, doxaSuns kvercxis do qafunuans bJa do

Cais.

- so isadilenT?

- restorans milamuna.

- mus mirTvenT restorans?

- xaWapurs, Rumus, gebJalias, elarjis do sacivs.

- mus geSunT?

- gebSunT adesas. pivas, “squriS” wyars do limonaTis.

- goRa sode isadiliT?

- goRa ¹udes ibsadiliT. obWkomiT TuSi xorci kvarwaxiw-

kuma arTo, gebSviT We Rvini do Wyint¸ ¹vali ¹valminTaT

keTebuli qiguo¹uneT. nikaq muTuni vaWkomu, xvale kofe

geSu.

- Cai Sanqarami gokona do uSanqare?

- ma moko Sanqaram do limonami.

- kofe bJaT gokonano?

- var, ubJaleT.

moqmedebiTi brunva

saxelobiTi: kizi//k¸zi Sanqari maSna

moqmedebiTi: kiz-iT//k¸ziT Sanqar-iT maSna-T(i)

maSnaT meulu manqaniT mivdivar

kiziT bWkomunq kovziT vWam

WirqaT bSunq WiqiT vsvam

288

XXIV. inversiuli zmnebi:

ma bSqirens me mSia

si rSqirens Sen gSia

mus Sqirens mas Sia

Cqi//Cq¸ bSqirena(n) Cven gvSia

Tqva rSqirena(n) Tqven gSiaT

munef/ns Sqirena(n) maT SiaT

ma p¹umens me mwyuria

si r¹umens Sen gwyuria

mus ¹umens mas swyuria

Cqi//Cq¸ p¹umena(n) Cven gvwyuria

Tqva r¹umena(n) Tqven gwyuriaT

munef/ns ¹umena(n) maT swyuriaT


- giorgi, rSqirenso//Sqireni gafuno? - qo, mangaro bSqirens//Zams bSqirens. - mu goko?//mus mirTvenT?//mus WkomunT? - ma moko vara xaWapuri do vara WviStari.

- r¹umenso//¹umeni gafuno? - vari, vap¹umens//¹umeni vamafu. - Cai varda kofe vagokono? - Cai moko. - musxi//musxe kizi Sanqari goko? - va moko Sanqarami Cai, uSanqare misxunu. - Cai limonami gokono?

- qo, uSanqare limonami Cai moko.

- a, patini, mirTviT! - qversemi mardi!

289

brZanebiTi

qidigure! iswavle!

qidigureT! iswavleT!

qimuSe(T)! imuSave(T)!

qoragade(T) ilaparake(T)!

q¸dagure(T)! aswavle(T)!

qila¹afi(T)! iTamaSe(T)!@

sruli usruli

wekiTxi(T)!//ikiTxi(T)!

doWari(T)!//Wari(T)!

doxanti(T)!//xanti(T)!

oWkumi(T)!//Wkomi(T)!

geSvi(T)! // Svi(T)!

qujini(T)!//ujini(T)!

qurCqili(T)!//urCqili(T)!

qomirCqili(T)!//mirCqili(T)!

qoZiri(T)!//Ziri(T)! –naxe(T)!

mikajini(T)!- Sexede(T)!

q¸mkmojini(T)!-Semomxede(T)!

savarjiSoebi:

CasviT moqmedebiT brunvaSi:

maSna –

kuCxi –

xamu –

vilka –

kizi –

soko –

Rvini –

breli oWkomali –

WiWe oSumali –

Cqimi Wirqa –

290

upasuxeT kiTxvebs:

1. nam saTis sadilenT?--------------------------------------------------

2. muJams kakalenT?-------------------------------------------------------

3. mus mirTvenT oserSeT?----------------------------------------------

4. umoso//umentaSo so sadilenT?------------------------------------

5. Tqva gemuani oWkomalef/ns akeTenTo? mus?--------------------

6. ase rSqirena do r¹umenano?----------------------------------------

XXV. II kavSirebiTis warmoeba:

oko - unda (nawilaki)

wyvetili II kavSirebiTi

mu qimini? mu oko qimine?

ma dibgure ma oko dibgurue

ma webkiTxi ma oko webkiTxe

ma (q)imubSe ma oko (q)imubSue

ma (q)ibsadili ma oko (q)ibsadile

ma (do)bWari ma oko (do)bWare

ma (gu)vakeTi ma oko (gu)vakeTe

ma (do)bxanti ma oko (do)bxante

ma gebSvi ma oko gebSve

ma oko dobWare Cqi//Cq¸ oko dobWaraT(¸) si oko doWare Tqva oko doWaraT(¸) muq oko doWaras(¸) munefq oko doWaran(¸)

291

SeadareT:

ma moko(n) dobWareni Cqi//Cq¸ mokona(n) dobWaraT¸n si goko(n) doWareni Tqva gokona(n) doWaraT¸n mus oko(n) doWaras¸n munefs okona(n) doWaranin.

ma oko webkiTxe Te wingi

ma moko(n) webkiTxeni Te wingi

muq oko wekiTxas Te wingi

mus oko(n) wekiTxas¸n Te wingi

`yofna~ zmna II kavSirebiTSi:

ma oko vorde `me unda viyo~ Cqi//Cq¸ oko vordaT(¸) si oko orde Tqva oko ordaT(¸) mu oko ordas(¸) munef oko ordan(¸)

SeZleba (SeuZlia)

ma Semlebu(n) dobWaren Cqi//Cq¸ Semlebuna(n) dobWaraT¸n `me SemiZlia davwero~

si Seilebu(n) doWaren Tqva Seilebuna(n) doWaraT¸n mus Seulebu(n) doWaras¸n munefs Seulebuna(n) doWaranin

dapireba (daapirebs) = ganizraxavs, moindomebs

ma mipirebu doWaren//Warua `me vapireb davwero~

si gipirebu doWaren//Warua

mus upirebu doWaras¸n//Warua Cqi//Cq¸ mipirebuna(n) dobWaraT¸n//Warua Tqva gipirebuna(n) doWaraT¸n//Warua munefs upirebuna(n) doWaranin//Warua

292

es igivea, rac:

ma milamu/¸(n) dobWaren//Warua

si gilamu/¸(n) doWaren//Warua

mus ulamu/¸(n) doWaras¸n//Warua Cqi//Cq¸ milamuna(n) dobWaraT¸n//Warua Tqva gilamuna(n) doWaraT¸n//Warua munefs ulamuna(n) doWaranin//Warua


1. ma Semilebu g¸vakeTe gemuani sadilini.

2. mus Seulebu midarTas¸n. 3. ma milamu/¸ ibla¹afen Saxmati.//ma milamu SaxmatiS

la¹afi. 4. mus upirebu franguliS dogurafa.

5. ma moko ipide axal maSna.

6. mus oko doWaras wingi.

7. ma Semilebu samuSas vorde Wume sum saTis.

8. mus ulamu/¸ koncertiSa xvale midarTas¸n.

II kavSirebiTi gamoiyeneba Semdeg frazebSi:

- q¸morTi, q¸dibguruaT¸ axal(i) gakveTili.

- qujgu, doWaran¸ gancxadeba. - girCienq, wekiTxe Te wingi.

- veSilebe, irfeli q¸diguruen¸. - Seilebu/¸, gakeTen Te saqme. - ma Tena gefSven¸, glaxaT g¸nibrTuq. - jgiri i¹i, q¸mgarTedas¸n(SeZlebde mosvlas)

- arCilq margaluri q¸diguruas¸n, Te wingi osaWir¸. - muq maSna q¸diguruas¸n, TeSo fara re saWiro. - sumaro midarTen, TeSo si gosaWir dapaijeba//dapeJe-

ba//dapejeba.

- Tina skolaSa meurs, q¸diguruas¸n.

293

- mu murs duqanSa, qaRardefi qi¹idas¸n. - Tina meurs kinoSa, axali suraTi qoZiras¸n. - so oko ipide axali rveuli?

- mu oko bqimine?

- muJams oko ureke griSas?

brZanebiTis uaryofiTi forma va//ve nawilakebiT:

vegurua(T)! ar iswavlo(T)!

vemuSua(T)! ar imuSavo(T)!

vekiTxa(T)! ar (wa)ikiTxo(T)!

varagadua(T)! ar ilaparako(T)!

vaWara(T)! ar dawero(T)!

vaSva(T)! ar dalio(T)!

vaWkoma(T)! ar Wamo(T)!

voujina(T)//vaujina(T)! ar uyuro(T)!

vourCqila(T)//vaurCqila(T)! ar usmino(T)!

vaZira(T)! ar (a)naxo(T)!

venajina(T)! ar Caxedo(T)!

vemkajina(T)! ar Sexedo(T)//ar mixedo(T)!

brZanebiTis uaryofiTi forma nu//num nawilakiT:

nu//num//n¸m(u) guraflenq nu swavlob!

nu//num//n¸m(u) guraflen(T)! nu swavlob(T)!

nu//num//n¸m(u) iCiebuq! nu laparakob!

nu//num//n¸m(u) iCiebuT! nu laparakobT!

nu//num//n¸m(u) Txulenq! nu Txoulob!

nu//num//n¸m(u) TxulenT! nu TxoulobT! dialogi tansacmlis(bargiS) maRaziaSi:

- axal Ziqva (Salvari) moko qipiden¸. so Silebe ipiden¸? - WavWavaZeS quCaSa midabrTaT, Teq breli duqani//maRazia re.

muWomi Salvari goko?

- ma moko sasumaro Salvari.

- mu Rir Tena?

294

- Tena Rir eCdoviTi lari.

- jgiri re, moxuju. qipidenq, ma fifqrenq, jgir ma¹i. so Si-lebe qimkibzimuen¸?

- eTeq mezojiT! - jgir mafuno? - We inwro gafu, Sxva razmeri qobZiraT.

- a, aTena jgir ga¹i. - q¸mosqvanso? - qo, gvalo jgirs gosqvans. ma fifqrenq, oko qi¹ide.qoT efi re.

- qomuCiT Te Salvari. so oko ginibge fara?

- aTaq, kasas. - madloberi voreq!

iswavleT frazebi!

Te kaba WiWe mafu. – es kaba patara maqvs.

Te RarTi didi mafu – es Coxa didi maqvs

Te Ziqva jgiri mafu – es Sarvali kargad maqvs.

Te kuCxiSmadvalari//kuCxmodvali inwro mafu – es fexsac-

meli viwro maqvs.

mobwons – momwons momavali dro

ma (q¸)m(u)mewonebu(n) si (q¸)mgewonebu(n) mus (q¸)mewonebu(n) Cqi//Cq¸ (q¸)mmewonebuna(n) Tqva (q¸)mgewonebuna(n) munef/ns (q¸)mewonebuna(n)

295

miRu(n) - maqvs

ma (q¸)maRvenu(n) si (q¸)gaRvenu(n) mus (q)aRvenu(n)

Cqi//Cq¸ (q¸)maRvenuna(n) Tqva (q¸)gaRvenuna(n) munef/ns (q)aRvenuna(n)

savarjiSoebi:


- bSxiras gilurqo duqanefSa?-----------------------------------------

- mu oko i¹ide amdRa duqans? bazars?------------------------------- - mu oko u¹ide amdRa sqan ma¹ales? sqan osurs? sqan qomon-

jis? sqan squas?---------------------------------------------------------

- bargis ¹idulenqo? mikizimuanqo?-----------------------------------

- si gafulenqo ogafurefs//ogafurens?-----------------------------

XXVI. zmnis vnebiTi gvari

ma g¸mofCanq ¹udes _ ¹ude g¸miCamu ma bWarunq wingis – wingi iWaru

ma vaTenq gurafas – gurafa iTebu

ma vakeTenq sadils – sadili ikeTebu

ma votibuanq oWkomals – oWkomali tibu

awmyo

ma ibjineq (velodebi//vixedebi)

si ijineq (elodebi//ixedebi)

mu ijine-(n) (elodeba//ixedeba)

Cqi//Cq¸ ibjineT (velodebiT//vixedebiT)

Tqva ijineT (elodebiT//ixedebiT)

munefi ijinena-(n) (elodebian//ixedebian)

296

myofadi

ma qibjineq

si qijineq

mu qijine(n)

Cqi//Cq¸ qibjineT

Tqva qijineT

munefi qijinena(n)

uwyveteli

ma ibjinedi

si ijinedi

mu ijinedu/¸ Cqi//Cq¸ ibjinediT Tqva ijinediT

munefi ijinedes

wyvetili

ma (q)ibjini

si (q)ijini

muq (q)ijinu/¸ Cqi//Cq¸ (q)ibjiniT

Tqva (q)ijiniT

munefq//munenq (q)ijines

II kavSirebiTi

ma oko ibjine

si oko ijine

muq oko ijinas

Cqi//Cq¸ oko ibjinaT Tqva oko ijinaT

munef/nq oko ijinan(i)i/¸

ma vujineq ma qujineq

me velodebi me davelodebi

ma vujini ma oko vujine(ni)

me davelode me unda davelodo

297

ma voxvaruq ma mivexvarebuq

me vexmarebi me mivexmarebi

ma mivexvari ma oko mivexvare(ni)

me mivexmare me unda mivexmaro

ma eluCanq ma (q)eluCanq

me vurCev me vurCev (momavalSi)

ma (q)eluCi ma oko (q)eluCe

me vurCie me unda vurCio

ma vokiTxuq ma q¸SvekiTxebuq me vekiTxebi me SevekiTxebi

ma q¸SvekiTxi ma oko q¸SvekiTxe me SevekiTse me unda SevekiTxo

ma vokiTxuq ma (qo)bkiTxenq

me vekiTxebi me vkiTxav

ma (qo)bkiTxi ma oko (qo)bkiTxe

me vkiTxe me unda vkiTxo

ma bSurduq ma dobSurduq

me viRlebi me daviRlebi

ma dobSurdi ma oko dobSurde

me daviRale me unda daviRalo

298

ma ibtyobuq ma dibtyobuq

me vimalebi me davimalebi

ma dibtyobi ma oko dibtyobe

me davimale me unda davimalo

ma vatyobuq ma duvatyobuq

me vemalebi me davemalebi

ma duvatyobi ma oko duvatyobe

me davemale me unda davemalo

ma veCiebuq ma q¸veCiebuq me velaparakebi me davelaparakebi

ma q¸veCi ma oko q¸veCue me davelaparake me unda davelaparako

ma bla¹afenq ma ibla¹afuq ma vTamaSob me viTamaSeb

ma ibla¹afi ma oko ibla¹afe me viTamaSe me unda viTamaSo

me vola¹afuq ma (q¸)vela¹afebuq me veTamaSebi me (Se)veTamaSebi

ma (q¸)vela¹afi ma oko (q¸)vela¹afe me veTamaSe me unda veTamaSo

299

ma ibCiebuq muwk¸ma _ ma veCiebuq mus

ma bla¹afenq muwk¸ma – ma vola¹afuq mus

vnebiTi gvaris qarTuliseburi -eb-i daboloebiani warmoeba

megrulSi ar dasturdeba.

Sexvalama - Sexvedra

awmyo

ma Sefxvaduq mus/munefs//munens

si Sexvaduq mus/munefs//munens

mu Sexvadu/¸(n) mus/munefs//munens/Tis/Tinefs//Tinens Cqi//Cq¸ SefxvaduT mus/munefs Tqva SexvaduT mus/munefs

munefi Sexvaduna(n) mus//munefs//munens/Tis//Tinefs//Tinens

uwyveteli

ma Sefxvadudi mus/munefs//munens

si Sexvadudi mus/munefs//munens

mu Sexvadudu/¸ Tis/Tinefs//Tinens

Cqi//Cq¸ SefxvadudiT mus/munefs//munens Tqva SexvadudiT mus/munefs//munens

munefi Sexvadudes Tis/Tinefs//Tinens

wyvetili

ma q¸Sefxvadi mus/munefs//munens

si q¸Sexvadi mus/munefs

muq q¸Sexvadu Tis/Tinefs

Cqi//Cq¸ q¸SefxvadiT mus/munefs Tqva q¸SexvadiT mus/munefs//munens

munefq Q q¸Sexvades Tis/Tinefs//Tinens

300

II kavSirebiTi

ma oko q¸Sebxvade mus/munefs//munens

si oko q¸Sexvade mus/munefs//munens

muq oko q¸Sexvadas Tis/Tinefs//Tinens

Cqi/Cq¸ oko q¸SefxvadaT mus/munefs//munens Tqva oko q¸SexvadaT mus/munefs//munens

munef/nq oko q¸Sexvadan Tis/Tinefs//Tinens

ma ibrTuq ma dibrTuq

me vbrundebi me davbrundebi

ma dibrTi ma oko dibrTe

me davbrundi me unda davbrunde

ma b/fsqiduq ma q¸dob/fsqiduq ma b/fsqiduq ma dob/fsqiduq

ma q¸dob/fsqidi ma oko q¸dob/fsqide ma dob/fsqidi ma oko dob/fsqide

me vrCebi me davrCebi, me davrCi me unda davrCe

me vrCebi me movrCebi me movrCi me unda movrCe

awmyo

ma vokiTxuq mus – mu mokiTxu ma

ma gokiTxuq si _ si mokiTxuq ma

myofadi

ma qob/pkiTxenq mus – mu qob/pkiTxens ma

ma qorkiTxenq si – si qob/pkiTxenq ma

301

wyvetili

ma qob/pkiTxi mus – muq qob/pkiTxu ma

ma qorkiTxi si – si qob/pkiTxi ma

dapeijeba ogulefSa (telefoniT)

- gamarjeba, Tamara, ma riCardi voreq. - gamarjeba, riCardi! muWo req? - madloberi, Tamara, muTa miWirs! sabatons amerikaSa

me(v)urq ma do TeiSax moko Serxvadeni do arTo qobZiraT

Tqvani sofeliS lakadefi, wyarpiji do tyalefi. Cqimi af-

xanakefi xolo i¹ina Cqimwk¸ma arTo do qorTxinq, varia vamwueni!

- pateni zojunq, xioliT molurq!

- gexari, amdRa sumi saTiSo gel¸daTi¹i sqani babuS obi-

nexewk¸ma. - jgiri, Teq gobrCqinduq!

sofeliS el¸-mol¸

sumarefi do Tamaraq arTians q¸Sexvades do sofeliS

el-moliS oTolierefSa//oZirafSa//gajinuSa midarTes.

- aTe tyas mu joxo? - Tena re dadiaS tya. Taq jveSo, paton-WkoralaSi borjis,

dadia gileSu onadir¸Sa; Te dixefi xolo TiSi rdu do

TeS gurSeni//TeSeni tyas dadiaS saxelq qasqidu

- ase xolo nadirenano Taq?

- vari, ase veSilebe, neba va re. Taq breli SxvadoSxva ji-

SiS ja Cans: cximuri, Wyoni, Wandari, wifuri, Wuburi,

muryani. WiWe xaniS ukuli WyoniS jins, oros q¸gTodoxo-des do urCqiledes CitefiS RurWuls. bJaS Cxoria dobu-

rili tyas eqi-eqi giSmeWvitinandu. sodgareni zesqvi ku-

Tandu saraloT; gedirTes do dogores _ gaWirebuli kak-

larons qaSalafedu do vagTorTumudu. riCardiq gaqTi¹on zesqvi do gutu caSa.

302

ibirdes mabSaliefi do malaRurefi. kankaleSa kvaria

qimiojRiandu, min qiri gegniSqiorudu maRali jalefiS Ji.

skvinCefi arTi ambes rdes: RurWulandes, ginofurinundes

arTi ¹aSe maJiaSa. muTuni vaujgudu TinefiS jinas do rCqi-las.

ukuli gia¹unes naquris do malas giSeles wyarpij¸Sa. Taq barTvens Wyorefi do kvaTarefi miTnoxvedes; xonari

q¸gegones¸ni, gefurines do iSo larWemefSa dityobes. iSo,

Tevre, WveS ¹vana rdu do TiSa mianWuafudes. barTvens Tudo qianaSi iaia do karakoCxa miToCand¸. qufaludu inWirias do

kalias//kalios.

- Tena wenwyari reno?//Tena wenwyari re, varo? - qo, wenwyari joxo. Taq gilurT Cqi zarxuls taniS obon-

Sa do oCxomuSa.

- breli Cxomi xeno Taq?

- varT feri,mara WiWe-WiWes qob/pWofunT. - muT WofunT Cxoms? - antkeciT, varda badeT. brelneri Cxomi xe Taq: kobri,

Rorjo; minSa kalmaxa xolo gamkorCqindu. Sxiras foTqvis

RaWaWias xolo bWofunT.

- wyars mele lakada iZiren Teq mu re?

- Tina re Cqini sofeliS sasafula//oxvame. Teq breli Rure-

li Txoru, l¸maS borjis teriS tyviaS ¹vilirefi. breli

didaq mukiqunu uCa, breli da do breli Cili ongaru ube-

duri bediq.

ferdens orinji mukidiardu. Txalef/ns do Sxuref/ns

WyiS eko¹undu. sumaref/ns q¸maSqirenes do wyarpis gi-

nos¸longiri mindori dogores daxunalo; gofaCes oWkomali

do oSumali. gaxoles TamaraS naWvi xaWapuri, Wkidefi do

seleginiS ¹vali. sumarenq varT RvinSen Tqvis varia. irnero

kmayofilenq do bedinerenq dirTes k¸ni ¹udeSa do muricxe-fiS moWkadili caS Tudo Tel sers ibirdes margaluri obi-

reSef/ns//obiruens.

axali sityvebi:

303

dapeijeba – dapatiJeba

ogulebSa – saseirnod

lakada – goraki

qorTxinq – gTxov

obinexe – venaxi

gobrCqinduq – gavCndebi

el¸-mol¸ _ aremare, Semogareni Toliereba – daTvaliereba

oTolierebSa – dasaTvaliereblad

dadiaS – dadianis

jveSo – Zvelad

paton-Wkorala – batonymoba

borji – dro

dixa – miwa

qasqidu – SerCa, SemorCa

neba va re – nebadarTuli ar aris

aTeS gurSeni – amis gulisTvis, amis gamo, amitom

SxvadoSxva – sxvadasxva

Cans – dargulia, xarobs

cximuri – rcxila

Wyoni – muxa

Wandari – Wadari

wifuri – wifeli

muryani – Txmela

WiWe xani – cota xani

jinji – Ziri, fesvi

Wyonis jins – muxis ZirSi

oro – Crdili,Cero

g¸Toxuna– raRacis qveS dajdoma Cxoria – sxivi(mzis)

doburili – daburuli

eqi-eqi _ aqa-iq

giSmeWvitinandu – iWvriteboda

sodgareni – sadRac

304

zesqvi – SaSvi

kuTafi – kvnesa

saraloT – sabralod

dogores – moZebnes

gaWirebuli – gaWirvebuli, sawyali

kaklaroni – eklnari

aSalafa – SuaSi Cavardna

vagTorTumudu – ver gamosuliyo

gaqTi¹onu – gamoiyvana (raRacis qvemodan) gutu – gauSva

goteba – gaSveba

mafSalia – bulbuli

malaRuri – molaRuri ( Citis saxeoba)

kankaleSa – zogjer

kvaria – yvavi

qimiojRiandu – miajRavlebda

qiri – qori

gegniSqiorudu – gadaiqrolebda

skvinCa – skvinCa(Citi)

vaujgudu – ar sjobda

ginofurinundes – gadafrindebodnen

¹a – toti gia¹unes – gauyvnen naquri – nakvalevi, nafexuri, naquslevi

barTvi – buCqi

Wyori – mwyeri

kvaTara – tyis qaTami

miTnoxvedes – isxdnen (SigniT)

xonari – xma

qigegones – gaigones

tyobini – damalva

iSo//Tevre – iqiT

Wve _ Wvavi

¹vana _ yana

305

WveSi ¹vana – Wvavis yana TiSa mianWuafdes – iqiTken miiCqarodnen, mieCqarebodaT

qianaSi – uamravi

Tudo – qveS

iaia – ia

karakuCxa – enZela

miToCandu – izrdeboda (raRacis qveS)

qufaludu – gafurCqnuliyo

inWiria – anwli

kalia//kalio – ekala

wenwyari – Wanis wyali (mdinare)

varo? _ ara?

obonSa – dasabanad

oCxomu – Tevzaoba

Cxomi xeno? _ Tevzi binadrobs?

varT feri – arc ise

WiWe –WiWe – cot-cota

b/pWofunT – viWerT

antkeci – ankesi

mele – gaRma

foTqvi – leliani,jile

RaWaWia – kiborCxala

sasafula//oxvame – sasaflao//`salocavi~ (aq: sasaflao)

Txoru – marxia

l¸ma – omi, Cxubi ¹viliri _ mokluli

uCa – Savi (aq: ZaZa)

ferdi – ferdobi

orinji – saqoneli

Sxuri – cxvari

WyiSi – mwyemsi

eko¹undu – ukan mihyveboda ginos¸longiri – gadaSlili, gaSlili


306

daxunali – dasajdomi

gofaCes – gaSales

gaxoles – geaxlnen, Seeqcnen

Wkidi – mWadi

vari(a) – uari

irnero – yvelanairad

dirTes – dabrundnen

k¸ni – isev muricxi – varskvlavi

moWkadili – moWedili

Tel sers – mTeli Rame

obireSefi//obiruefi – simRerebi


- so debadi? - ma debabdi samargalos, zugids//zugidis.

- nam¸ wanas debadi//nam¸ wanaS d¸nabad¸ req? - ma debabdi anTas CxoroSi sumeneCdoviT wanas. - sqan didaq nam wanas debadu? - diaCqimq debadu anTas CxoroS JarneCdoviT wanas. - nam wanas debades sqan squalef/nq?

- Cqimi arT squaq debadu anTas CxoroS oTxoneCdoviTosum wanas, maJiraq - anTas CxoroS oTxoneCdoviToxuT wanas.

- so debades sqani squalef/nq?

- Cqim squalef/nq debades saqorTuos, qarTis.

savarjiSoebi:

upasureT SekiTxvebs:

1. muJams do so debadi?------------------------------------------------

2. Sxiras oxvaruqo baRanef/ns?---------------------------------------

3. mis el¸q ase?-----------------------------------------------------------

307

4. mis oko Sexvade Wume?-----------------------------------------------

5. Surduqo brels muSenq¸n Tiwk¸ma?-------------------------------

6. Sxiras uragaduqo telefoniT sqan dida do mumas zu-

gid(i)s?------------------------------------------------------------------

7. gokono baRanef/ns gerobaia (`mgelobana~ _ TamaSoba)

ela¹afen¸?---------------------------------------------------------------

8. muJams dirTuna sqani sumarefi?-----------------------------------

9. qarTis arTi TuTaTi dosqiduqo?-------------------------------

10. musxi/e waner reqia gokiTxunani, guri muTqaleno?---------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

TargmneT:

1. viTi wunTi re daviTis vujineq¸ni. 2. ma voxvaruq Cqim studentef/ns.

3. ma goTanxuq si, marTali req.

4. mu iro mokiTxu ma, muWo renania sqani squalefi

5. ma nabetans b/fSurduq, brels mub/fSenq¸n Tiwk¸ma. 6. ma Tinef/ns vuragaduq irdRas.

7. munefi mola¹afuna kartis. 8. ma Cqim sumars onjuas Seb/fxvaduq.

9. samuSaSe gvians dibrTuq.

10. mu sqidu ¹udes. 11. ma mudgarens vokiTxuq Tis.

308

XXVII. adgilis zmnizedebi:

woxole – win

mangas – sworad, pirdapir

mango – gaswvriv

ukaxale – ukan

xaslas – gverdiT, gverdze

miki-miki//muki-muki – irgvliv

Ji – zeviT

JiSe – zevidan

Jimole – zeviTken

Tudo – qveS, qvemoT

TudoSe – qvemodan

Tudole – qvemoTken

TavreSe – aqedan

TevreSe _ iqidan

gime – qveviT

eSe – zeviT, zemoT

marZgvanSe – marjvniv

kvarCxanSe – marcxniv

Sqagurs – SuagulSi, SuaSi

Zgas – kideSi

kunTxus – kuTxeSi

(v)iqile – cota iqiT

aqile – cota aqeT

mole – gamoRma

mele – gaRma

eSa-gime//eki-diki – zeviT-qveviT, aRma-daRma

dinaxale – SigniT

gale – gareT

dike – Tavqve

eki – amoRma

odinafus _ dasakargavSi

amari _ ager

309

emeri – eger

amar-emeri – aqa-iq

oSqaSeT – SuaSi

ginarTus –gadasaxvevSi

muSals – SemosasvlelSi (qalaqis, soflis)

giSals – gasasvlelSi

akarTus – SesayarSi

bJaiols – aRmosavleTiT

xolos _ axlos

Sors – Sors

¹ujiSjins – yurisZirSi xolo-xolos – axlo-axlos

oginZaSeT – grZivad,sigrZisad

¹udeS woxole....., ukaxale..., marZgvanSe....

ninoS woxole.., xaslas.. mango....

Cqim woxole... Ji...Tudo...

sqani woxole... xaslas.... kvarCxanSe

muSi/munefiS woxole ..mango...Ji...muki-muki...

waikiTxeT dialogi:

- mi(n) gere sqan(i) woxole?

- Cqim(i) woxole gere daTiko.

- mi(n) gere sqan(i) ukaxale? - Cqim(i) ukaxale gere naTela.

- mu geZu/¸ TiS(i) xaslas?

- TiS(i) xaslas geZu/¸ antkeci. - mu gedgu/¸ qeToS marZgvanSe? - qeToS marZgvanSe gedgu/¸ foxali.

- mi(n) gexe TamaraS xaslas?

- TamaraS xaslas gexe maro.

- mu miTojanu/¸ stoliS(i) Tudo?

- stoliS(i) Tudo miTojanu/¸ katu.

310

- mi(n) cxorens sqan(i) Ji? - Cqim(i) Ji cxorens mezobeli, SoTa.

- sqan(i) ¹udeS(i) xaslas reno kino “rusTaveli”?

- vari, Cqim(i) ¹udeS ukaxale re.

- sqan(i) ¹udeSi muki-muki vardefi Canso? - iax, Cqim(i) ¹udeS muki-muki WiTa vardefi Cans.

mdgomareobis aRmniSvneli zmnebi:

gerina – dgoma gexuna – jdoma(zed) donjira - wola gev(o)req (ge)v(o)xeq v(o)januq

gereq (ge)xeq januq

gere(n) (ge)xe(n) janu(n)

gev(o)reT (ge)v(o)xeT v(o)januT

gereT (ge)xeT januT

gerena(n) (ge) xena(n) januna(n)

geZ¸ mu (devs, agdia is) _ geZ¸na(n) munefi (yrian isini) gev(o)Z¸q ma (vagdivar me) _ g¸v(o)Z¸T Cqi/¸ (vyrivarT Cven)

geZ¸q si (agdixar Sen _ geZ¸T Tqva (yrixarT Tqven)

- sovre re soxumiS quCa? - meu mangas, ukuli marZgvanSe, ukuli dadiS doxorewkma

durTanq kvarCxanSe.

- TavreSe Sors reno? - vari, xolos re.

- qoiCquno, levaniS(i) ¹ude sode reni? - qo, miCqu/¸, TeatriS ukaxale re.

- mukuluanT Teatris¸n, Jimole WiWe quCas marZgvanSe re

oze, gemnurq ozeSan¸, kunTxus re eSali(kibe), geSurq maJi-

ra artaJiSan¸ do e, eTeq cxorens levani.

- ukarsaT, pateni, sode re Taq dadiaS doxore?

311

- TavreSe meuT mangas, ukuli ekiliT ferdis do Teq qo-

Zir¸nT dadiaS doxores. - oxvame (eklesia, samlocvelo), xolo Teq reno, xolos?

- iax, pateni, doxoreSi xaslas re.

- madloberi, gexari!

savarjiSoebi:


1. sode gereq/gexeq ase?-------------------------------------------------

2. mi(n) gere/gexe sqan(i) ukaxale,xaslas?-------------------------

3. mu gere sqan(i) ukaxale?--------------------------------------------

4. mu geZu/¸ sqan(i) woxole?------------------------------------------

5. mu gilaZu/¸ stols?-------------------------------------------------

6. mi(n) cxorens sqan(i) Ji?-------------------------------------------

7. mi(n) gexe sqan(i) marZgvanSe?---------------------------------------

8. sode gere sqani maSna?-----------------------------------------------

9. muSen(i) geZu/¸ aTe wingefi Taq?---------------------------------

ma gev(o)req gev(o)rdevi¹iq//ipiq gev(o)rdi gev(o)rde

`vdgavar~ `vidgebi~ `videqi~ `vidge~

si gereq ge(o)rdei¹iq gerdi gerde

mu gere(n) ge(o)rdasi¹i(n) gerdu gerdas

Cqi gev(o)reT gev(o)rdaTvi¹iT gev(o)rdiT gev(o)rdaT

Tqva gereT ge(o)rdaTi¹iT gerdiT gerdaT

munefi gerena(n) ge(o)rdaTi¹ina(n) gerdes gerdan(i/¸)

ma gev(o)xeq gifxvenuafuq¸ gev(o)xedi gev(o)xede

`vzivar~ `vijdebi~ `vijeqi~ `vijde~

si gexeq gixvenuafuq¸ gexedi gexede

mu gexe(n) gixvenuafu(n) gexedu/¸ gexedas

Cqi gev(o)xeT gifxvenuafuT gev(o)xediT gev(o)xedaT

Tqva gexeT gixvenuafuT gexediT gexedaT

munefi gexena(n) gixvenuafuna(n) gexedes gexedan(i/¸)

312

ma v(o)januq ibjanuafuq¸ v(o)janudi v(o)janude `vwevar~ `viwvebi~ `viweqi~ `viwve~

si (o)januq ijanuafuq¸ (o)janudi janude mu (o)janu(n) ijanuafu(n) (o)janudu/¸ janudas Cqi v(o)januT ibjanuafuT v(o)janudiT v(o)janudaT

Tqva (o)januT ijanuafuT (o)janudiT janudaT

munefi (o)januna(n) ijanuafuna(n) (o)janudes janudan(i/¸)


1. ma kinoS woxole gev(o)rdi muq morTun Tiwk¸ma. 2. ninos vardefi ukinebudun TeS gerd duqaniS woxole,

el¸d muS ma¹ales.

3. baRanefi skolaS ozes (d)inordes do el¸des deleqtors.

4. aTe stoli kinox(winaT) akoSkaS woxole gedg¸d¸, ase

oTaxiS oSqaSeT gedg¸. 5. kilas¸s eCi baRana milaxedu.

6. maTmatikaS gakveTils milaxedes mowafefi do Surbunuo//

Surubunuo (sulganabuli) urCqiledes uCtels//uStels.

7. Cqi brel xans/c giv(o)xediT ginZe skams baR¸s. 8. Tqva anwi oko mukoxedaT stols, sadiluaS borji re.

9. ma lexi voreq do albeT Wume xolo ibjanuafuq.

10. lex reqin¸ Tiwk¸ma oko janude. 11. stoliS Tudo Cqim joRori miTojanu.

12. baRanefi viT saTis norCals(loginSi) janudes.

mgzavroba

- ukasraT, sore Taq avtobusiS staianka?

- emeri re, oCaieS (saCaies) woxole.

- xom vaiCq¸na, nam nomeri avtobusi meurs WkaduaSiSa? - oTxi nomeri, pateni!

- madloberi, sqani Wiri!

- taqsi, gaCeri!

- gamarjebaT, soiSa mezojunT?

313

- ma qalaqiSa meurq. Mmusxi/e larSa midam¹onanT? - sum larSa.

- jgiri.... a, aTaq gam¸CeriT! madloberi!

- baTumSa meurq matarebeliT. so oko ipide bileTi?

- matarebeliS vagzals, kasas!

- ....gamarjebaT! Jiri bileTi qomuCiT baTumSax!

- a, pateni, Tqvani bileTefi.

- musxi/e oko ibge?

- JarneCi lari.

- nam saTis meurs matarebeli?

- onjuaS bruo saTis.

- madloberi gafuT.

- jgiri Sara, pateni!

- muJams mefurinunq moskovSa?

- Wume, seriS Jir saTis aeroportis oko vorde. taqsi

ma¹i oWanafali.

- jgiri, aba, jgiri furinuas gisurvenq!

- madloberi!

meCama - `micema~

awmyo

ma varZenq mus Tis `me vaZlev mas mas~

si arZenq

mu/Tina arZens

Cqi varZenT

Tqva arZenT

munefi/Tinefi arZena(n)

myofadi

ma (q¸)meb/fCanq mus Tis `me mivcem mas mas~ si (q¸) meCanq mu/Tina (q¸)meCans Cqi (q¸)meb/fCanT Tqva (q¸)meCanT munefi/Tinefi (q¸)meCana(n)

314

wyvetili

ma qimeb/fCi mus Tina `me miveci mas is~

si qimeCi

muq/Tiq qimeCu/¸ Cqi qimeb/fCiT

Tqva qimeCiT

munef/nq/Tinenq qimeCes

II kavSirebiTi

ma qimeb/fCe mus Tina `me mivce mas is~

si qimeCe

muq qimeCas

Cqi qimeb/fCaT

Tqva qimeCaT

munef/nq qimeCan(i)

ma merCanq si wingis.

si qomuCanq ma Wume Ti gazeT¸s. mu qomuCans ma axal jurnals.

ma goRa qimerCi si Cqimi wingi.

aTe markateli levan¸q muCu. aTe RorRonji Cqim(i) dianTilq¸ muCu. ma moko si merCe Cqim(i) koto.

ma qimeb/pWarunq mus qaRard¸s – mu q¸mopWaruns ma qaRard¸s. ma qimeb/p¹idenq mus ¹udes – mu q¸mop¹idens ma ¹udes.

savarjiSoebi:

nino, maroS ¹udewk¸ma gev(o)req//giluoreq. muJams murq¸ si? irakli, sode gereq¸? vagorwyeq¸!

mu Saras gilare.

sqan(i) ¹udewk¸ma gerena Tqva irdRas Taq gereTo?

315

studentefi Sxiras gerena universitetiS woxole.

givoxeq atamankas do vujineq¸ televizors.

maro, nam riadis voxeT Cqi ase?

si so xeq?

Tqva miToxeT Cqim maSnas.

Salva Tel dRas xe do guraflens.

munefi milaxena leqcias do urCqilena profesors.

ma vojanuq norCals TiSen, namda lex voreq.

muSen januq? lexi reqo?

levani janu, Suladiri re.

baRanefi mindors muwojanuna//wumojanuna.

so januT, baRanefi?

prols/c givojanuT//gebjanuT.

rezo, mus aSajanuq?

ma yolandars aSvojanuq.

Tinefi oros giToxena.

ma xolo moko oroS giTonjira do giToxuna.

Wvens do osurefi jaS jins giTorena, giniWvemuana.

ma qarTiSa mafu oulari, doxturSa voreq Wanafili.

muJams meurq?

geRanSo milamu/¸. xvale urqo?

var, Cqimi qomonji mep¹uns//mepuns. qarTiS//qarTSa ula.

ninoq do rusikoq vagzals q¸Sexvades arTians/c: - nino, gamarjeba, so meurq? - ma qarTSa meurq. - xvale meurqo?

- vari, ma do Cqimi qomonji. Wume uRuraleT Teq oko vorde,

doxturi mel¸. - mus gaWu, nino?

316

- Tols/c vavorwyeq jgiro do oko dibsqilidue. miwis, ape-

racia oxvarunia.

- musxans gicaduq qarTis.

- dio vamaragade. doxturs q¸duragaduanq¸n, ukuli marCqve-

nu.

- baRanefi mis dute nino?

- baRanefi Cqim(i) dianTilwk¸ma rena. diaCqim(i) xolo ox-

var¸. ase kanikulefi uR¸na- skolaSa gilaulari do uro-

kefi ogurafali va¹ina. - gvalo jgiri, jgiro doirTindas!

- gaxarebeda!

axali sityvebi:

moWyordu/¸ – maviwydeba g¸moWyordu/¸ – damaviwyda megvianebu/¸ – magviandeba d¸megvianu/¸ – damagvianda Surbunuo//Surubunuo –sulganabuli

oCaie – Cais plantacia

soiSa – saiTken, sanamde

oWanafali – dasabarebeli,dasaZaxebeli

Wanafa – dabareba, daZaxeba, mowveva

Wanafili – dabarebuli, mowveuli

markateli – makrateli

RorRonji – bati

dianTeli//dianTili – dedamTili, sidedri

muanTeli//muanTili – mamamTili, simamri

koto – qoTani

atamanka – divani

lexi – avad(myofi)

Suladiri – daRlili

proli – iataki

Wvens – wvims

317

giniWvemuana – (gadaiwvimeben) wvimis gadaRebas elodebian

geRanSo milam¸ – zegisTvis vapireb mus gaWu – ra gtkiva(ras gtkiva)

vavorwyeq – ver vxedav

disqilidue – moirCino

miwues//miwis – miTxres

oxvarunia – Sveliso

gicaduq – darCebi, (daelodebi)

doute//dute – dautove

(mida)¹onafa - wayvana

ma mep¹uns baRana `me mimyavs bavSvi~ si mer¹uns … mus me¹uns ………

Cqi mep¹una(n) … Tqva mer¹una(n) …

munef/ns me¹una(n) …

ma mep¹unq si _ me mimyavxar Sen si mer¹unq ma _ Sen migyavar me

mus mep¹unq ma _ mas mivyavar me

mus me¹unq si _ mas mihyavxar Sen

mus me¹uns Tina – mas mihyavs is

(mida)Rala – waReba

ma memiRu/¸(n) wingi `me mimaqvs wigni~

si meiRu/¸¸(n) mus meuRu/¸¸(n)

Cqi memiRuna(n)//mem¸R¸na(n) Tqva meiRuna(n)//meiR¸na(n)

munef/ns meuRuna(n)//meuR¸na(n)

318

mep¹uns _ midep¹onanq _ midep¹oni memiRu/¸ _ midebRanq _ midebRi midep¹onanq – molep¹onanq midebRanq¸ ¸ – molebRanq¸ ¸ mi¹ors - miyvars ma mi¹ors mu/munefi _ me miyvars is, isini

si gi¹ors mu/munefi

mus u¹ors mu/munefi

Cqi mi¹ora(n) mu/munefi Tqva gi¹ora(n) mu/munefi munef/ns u¹ora(n) Tina/Tinefi

ma mi¹orq si _ me miyvarxar Sen ma mi¹orT Tqva me miyvarxarT Tqven

Cqi mi¹orT si Cven gviyvarxar Sen

Cqi mi¹orT Tqva Cven gviyvarxarT Tqven

si gi¹orq ma si gi¹orT Cqi Tqva gi¹orT ma Tqva gi¹orT Cqi

mus vu¹orq ma mus vu¹orT Cqi munef/ns vu¹orq ma munef/ns vu¹orT Cqi

mus u¹orq si mus u¹orT Tqva munef/ns u¹orT si munef/ns u¹orT Tqva

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iswavleT es zmnebi myofadSi, wyvetilsa da II kavSirebiTSi:

mi¹ors ma¹orofuaf¸ (q¸)me¹orof¸ (q¸)me¹orofas // qib¹orofue mob/pwons q¸mmewoneb¸ q¸mmewon¸ q¸mmewonas moko(n) makorinuafu/¸ qib/pkorine q¸mmakorinas// qib/pkorinue

maWu(n) maWve//mawyune q¸maWu//mawyunu q¸maWuas//mawyunas blurs marule dibrule dibrule

SeadareT :

ma¹orofuaf¸ – q¸ma¹orofuaf¸ – q¸me¹orof¸ _ q¸me¹orofas ibkorinua _ mibkorinuanq _ mibkorine _ mibkorinue

maWvebuaf¸ – q¸maWve _ q¸maWv¸ _ q¸maWuas maruluaf¸ _ q¸dmarule – q¸dmarulu _ q¸dmarulas

savarjiSo:


1. bSxiras gixvaduno Sxva qianefSa ula?--------------------------

2. miwkma arTo gilurq?-------------------------------------------------

3. ase soiSa meurq?-------------------------------------------------------

4. sqani osuri/qomonji mer¹unso?-----------------------------------

5. morwonso gilula?---------------------------------------------------

6. goWyorduno muTuniS Rala?----------------------------------------

7. gegvianebuno vagzalSa vara aeroportSaA?---------------------

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gadaiyvaneT zmnebi myofadSi, wyvetilsa da kavSirebiTSi:

1. ma mep¹uns baRana babuS ¹uCa//¹udeSa. 2. Cqi mepuna studentefi quTeSiSa.

3. mus mepunq ma oxvameSa.

4. Cqi memRunano oWkomali munefSa?

5. mu meiRu/¸ samuSaSa? 6. mus meuRu/¸ diSqa. 7. munef/ns mouRuna oW¸nax¸. 8. sqan(i) dabadebaS(i) dRaSa Cqim(i) oxolaskiri//oxoraski-

li mop¹uns. 9. mis me¹unq jaraluaSa?

10. mus mo¹uns ma¹ale diaraSa.

XXVIII.

yoveldRiuri saqmianoba - irdRer(i) saqme

- oWmares adre eTmodirTuqo//edirTuqo? - qo, adre miCq edgina. - mus saqvarenq (saqmianob)? - bkakalenq, miTmobdoxoduq//miTobdoxoduq maSnas do samuSa-

Sa meurq.

- ondRes mus orTuq? - ondRes ib/fsvanjuq. - onjuas muTQ irTuanq//eTmeirTuanq dus? - onjuas televizors vujineq

- gviano d¸Tminjiruqo//injiruqo? - qo, Zaam gvians imjiruq. - sqan squalefi xolo gvians injirunano?

- var, inefi adre injiruna, viT saTis, adre afuna eiodgina-li, skolaSa gilula.

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iswavleT axali zmnebi:

edgina – adgoma doxuna – dajdoma donjira – dawola

eTmobdirTuq d¸Tmobdoxoduq imjiruq

eTmodirTuq d¸Tmodoxoduq injiruq

eTmodirT¸ d¸Tmodoxodu injiru

eTmobdirTuT¸ d¸TmobdoxoduT imjiruT

eTmodirTuT¸ d¸TmodoxoduT injiruT

eTmodirTuna(n) d¸Tmodoxoduna(n) injiruna(n)

- Wume nam saTis dinjiruq?

- Wume uRuraleT adre q¸dimjiruq do goTanaSa(x)(gaTenebam-de) gebdirTuq.

- sqani osuri mu borjis edirT¸? - Tina xolo goTanaSa edirTu.

- ukul so urTu?

- ma qimTobdoxoduq avtobusis do samuSaSa midurq, ina ba-zarSa midurs.

myofadi:

gebdirTuq (q¸)gebdoxoduq (q¸)dimjiruq gedirTuq (q¸)gedoxoduq (q¸)dinjiruq gedirTu(n) (q¸)gedoxodu(n) (q¸)dinjiru(n) gebdirTuT (q¸)gebdoxoduT (q¸)dimjiruT gedirTuT (q¸)gedoxoduT (q¸)dinjiruT gedirT¸na(n) (q¸)gedoxod¸na(n) (q¸)dinjir¸na(n) - nam saTis edirTi goRa? - goRa ebdirTi goTanas, bruo saTis. - sqan jimaq mu borjis//dros edirT?

- is dorulafa u¹ors do viTaarTi saTiSa qolurd¸. - mu borjis//dros dinjir(i) Ruma? - Ruma Zam gviano dimjiri, seriS priveli saTis. TiSeni re

ase maruluafuni.

322

- mu dros idi samuSaSa? - Cxoro saTis ginobrTi, qimTobdoxodi maSnas do xuTi wun-TSa samuSas vordi.

- ukuli q¸mkobdoxodi Cqim stols do mubSendi onjuaSi am-

Svi saTSa.

wyvetili:

gebdirTi (q¸)dobdoxodi (q¸)dimjiri gedirTi (q¸)dodoxodi (q¸)dinjiri gedirT¸ (q¸)dodoxodu (q¸)dinjiru gebdirTiT (q¸)dobdoxodiT (q¸)dimjiriT gedirTiT (q¸)dodoxodiT (q¸)dinjiriT gedirTes (q¸)dodoxodes (q¸)dinjires

brZanebiTi:

gedirTi(T)! _ adeqi(T)!

gezoji(T)! _ abrZandi(T)!

q¸dodoxodi(T)! – dajeqi!/dasxediT! q¸dozoji(T)! _ dabrZandi(T)! q¸dinjiri(T)! _ daweqi(T)!

- nam saTis oko dinjiran amdRa baRanef/nq? - adre oko dinjiran, Wume oWmares adre afuna eiodginali.

- nam saTis oko edirTe oWumares? - adre oko ebdirTe, SqviT saTis, breli saqvari miRu. Cqim

qomonjiq xolo adre oko edirTas, muSenda arZa arTo

mevurTu/¸. - nam saTis oko rde samuSas? - Cxoro saTis Teq oko vorde.

323

II kavSirebiTi:

gebdirTe (q¸)dobdoxode (q¸)dimjire gedirTe (q¸)dodoxode (q¸)dinjire gedirTas (q¸)dodoxodas (q¸)dinjiras gebdirTaT (q¸)dobdoxodaT (q¸)dimjiraT gedirTaT (q¸)dodoxodaT (q¸)dinjiraT gedirTan(i/¸) (q¸)dodoxodan(i/¸) (q¸)dinjiran(i/¸)

savarjiSoebi:


1. nam saTis edirTi amdRa?--------------------------------------------

2. mu borjis/dros oko edirTe Wume?------------------------------

3. amdRa adre dinjiruqo?----------------------------------------------

4. nam kafes dobdoxodaT?----------------------------------------------

5. q¸dodoxoduqo Cqim(i) xaslas diaras?-------------------------

6. goRa gvians//gviano dinjirio?-------------------------------------

telefoniT saubari

- alo, girCqileT!

- gamarjeba, qiSilebenda, giorgis q¸duZaxiT telefonSa!

- giorgi vare ¹udes. mu ginofCa? - ma irakli voreq¸, giorgiS(i) jimakoCi. quwiT, domrekas¸n! - aucilebero, jgiro ordaT!

- jgiro zojundaT!

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XXIX. Cieba – Tqma, saubari

awmyo myofadi

ma ib/fCiebuq `vambob~ qob/fTquanq

si iCiebuq qoTquanq

mu iCiebu(n) qoTquans

Cqi ib/fCiebuT qob/fTquanT

Tqva iCiebuT qoTquanT

munefi iCiebu/¸na(n) qoTquana(n)


qob/fTqvi qob/fTque

qoTqvi qoTque muq qoTqu muq qoTquas qob/fTqviT qob/fTquaT qoTqviT qoTquaT munef/nq qoTqvis//qoTqves munef/nq qoTquan(i)

awmyo myofadi

ma veCiebuq `veubnebi~ (q)uwinq

si eCiebuq (q)uwinq

mu eCiebu(n) (q)uwins

Cqi veCiebuT (q)uwinT

Tqva eCiebuT (q)uwinT

munefi eCiebu/¸na(n) (q)uwina (n)


(q)uwi (q)uwue

(q)uwi (q)uwue

muq (q)uwu (q)uwuas

(q)uwiT (q)uwuaT

(q)uwiT (q)uwuaT

munef/nq (q)uwis//(q)uwues (q)uwuan(i)

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1. ma ib/fCiebuq, namda Wume tarozi i¹in(i). si mus Tquanq¸? 2. si iCiebuq, namda WiTa Rvins vaSunq, varo?

3. Cq¸ni prezidenti iCiebu/¸, ifreli jgiro i¹inia. 4. studentefi iCiebuna, namda aTe leqtoriS leqciefi va-

mowonan.

5. munef//munenqq Tqvis, namda vemnula leqciaSa.

6. goRa bTqvi, namda vamurq-maq, mara iSen q¸mob/frTi. 7. ninoq Tqu, namda goRaneri akoSayaruaq Zami saWiroq i¹ua. 8. ma moko b/fTquen, namda aTe wingi dasuro jgiri Warili

ren.

9. qoTqvi, mu gokon¸?

SeadareT:

1. ma Sxiras vuragaduq Cqim squas, namda breli ikiTxas¸n. 2. Wume qoiwinq, muJams oko morTeni.

3. imendi miRu, qomwinq SexvamlafaS borjis//dros.

4. munefi qoiwina irfels//ifrels aTe ambeSi muki-muki.

5. giorgiq qomiwu aTe jaraluaS gurSeni. ma uwi, namda

uRuraleT qimib/fSin.

6. ma qoiwi si, namda Wume vab/fCoduni.

7. ninoq giwuo, namda Wume Sexvaduqin?

8. qiSilebenda, quwi diasqans, qumorTiSo!

9. marina, quwi levans, domrekas¸n. 10. ma miwis munef/nq, namda qomjinena//qomjinedes gverd sa-

Tis.

11. ma moko qoiwuaT¸n, namda Zami kmayofili voreq Tqvanwk¸ma SexvalamaT.

12. Tqva Seilebuna qomwuaT marTali.

13. si oko qomiwue, muJams req Tavisfali.

14. studentef/nq uwis reqtors, namda munefi kmayofilefi

rdes aTe programaT¸n.

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15. qomiwi, mu gokoni/¸? 16. mu morwons¸n qom¸winqda, qimerCanq faras do qi¹idi. 17. maroq miwu, bzaT voreqia.

18. Cqi uwiT baRanefs, namda saCuqarefs movuRandiT¸n.

gaimeore sityvebi da upasuxe SekiTxvebs:

1. mis meCi sqani baSlay¸?---------------------------------------------- 2. mis uwi “gamarjeba”?-------------------------------------------------

3. mis mexvari JaSxas//JeSxas?------------------------------------------

4. mis u¹idi aTe janjuxefi?------------------------------------------ 5. mis ureki oWmares?---------------------------------------------------

6. mis Sexvadi goRa?-----------------------------------------------------

7. mis oZiri sqani el¸-mol¸?-----------------------------------------

8. q¸mgewonuo moWyuduq¸?---------------------------------------------- 9. miq gi¹on¸ diaraSa?--------------------------------------------------- 10. si miRio aTe diSqa?--------------------------------------------------

11. miq miR¸ aTe foxali?------------------------------------------------

XXX.

mu mugkoquns? - ra gacvia?

awmyo myofadi wyvetili

ma mukmoquns (kaba) ma mukmaqvenuafu/¸ ma mukmoqundu/¸ si mukgoquns si mukgaqvenuafu/¸ si mukgoqundu/¸ mus mukaquns mus mukaqvenuafu/¸ mus mukaqundu/¸ Cqi mukmoquna(n) Cqi muqmaqvenuafna Cqi mukmoqundes

Tqva mukgoquna(n) Tqva mukgaqvenuafna(n) Tqva mukgoqundes

munefs mukaquna(n) munefs mukaqvenuafna(n) munefs mukaqundes

327

mu gegorTu? - ra gaxuravs?


ma gimorTu//¸(n)(qudi) ma gimarTumuafu/¸ ma gimorTudu//¸ si gigorTu//¸(n) si gigarTumuafu/¸ si gigorTudu//¸ mus giorTu//¸(n) mus giarTumuafu/¸ mus giorTudu//¸ Cqi gimorTu/¸na(n) Cqi gimarTumuaf¸na Cqi gimorTudes Tqva gigorTu/¸na(n) Tqva gigarTumuaf¸na Tqva gigorTudes munefs giorTu/¸na munefs giarTumuaf¸na munefs giorTudes

mu gegobu? - ra gikeTia?/gabnevia?


ma gimobu//¸(n)(saTi)ma gimabunuafu/¸(n) ma gimobudu//¸ si gigobu//¸(n) si gigabunuafu/¸(n) si gigobudu//¸ mus giobu//¸(n) mus giabunuafu/¸(n) mus giobudu//¸ Cqi gimobu/¸na(n) Cqi gimabunuafna(n) Cqi gimobu/¸des Tqva gigobu/¸na(n) Tqva gigabunuafna(n) Tqva gigobu/¸des munefs giobu/¸na(n) munefs giabunuafna(n) munefs giobu/¸des


- mu mukgoquns?

- axali RarTi (Coxa) mukmoquns.

- goRa mu mukgoqundu?

- goRa nabadi mukmoqundu.

- Wume mu mukgaqvenuafu/¸? - Wume Ce kiteli mukmaqvenuafu/¸. - levani, mu gigobu/¸ xes? - saTi gimobu/¸. - goRa gigobu/¸duo saTi? - vari, goRa saTi vegmobu/¸du. - Wume gigabunuaf¸no saTi? - qo, Wume gimabunuafu/¸.

328

iswavle ferebi:

Ce – TeTri

WiTa – wiTeli

uCa – Savi

caSferi – cisferi

wvane, doloSferi – mwvane, mdelosferi

yvinTeli//¹vinTeli – yviTeli

iaSferi – iisferi

vardiSferi – vardisferi

tutaSferi – nacrisferi

kariCni – yavisferi

monWireli caSferi – muqi lurji (cisferi)

RviniSferi – Rvinisferi

WerWe – Wreli

mwvane//nwvane//rwvane – mwvane

jRari//JRari _ JRali

iswavle axali sityvebi: adamianis sxeulis nawilebi

dudi – Tavi

Tuma – Tma

¹uji – yuri Toli – Tvali

wari – warbi

Cxvindi – cxviri

Rvanwki – loya, Rawvi

piji – piri

kibiri – kbili

nina – ena

kiseri _ kiseri, yeli

qindiri _ qedi

xe – xeli

kuCxi – fexi

quri – qusli

likvi – muSti

kiTi – TiTi

Can(C) kiTi – ceri

Sqa kiTi _ Sua TiTi

qvara – muceli

xasila – gverdi

gioxvenji – sajdomi

Cupa – Wipi

kidiri – mkerdi

du¹i – idayvi manja – maja

guri – guli

CxonCxi – RviZli

fiJvi _ filtvi

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waikiTxe teqsti da aRwere Seni oTaxi:

giorgiS oTax¸

Tena re giorgiS samuSa oTaxi. oTax¸s dg¸ arTi stoli

do muz¸mareni skami. stols giladg¸ kompiuteri do obeSta-li monwyiloba. kunTxus k¸nodg¸ Skafi. Skafis miToZ¸ winge-fi, qaRardefi, ruCkefi do karandaSefi. kidalas mukob¸ su-raTefi do naxantefi.

oTax¸s dg¸ Jiri kreslo do arTi atamanka. prols

gerÇ sqvami noxi. stols gilasorg¸ qarRadiS furcelefi.

giorgi mukoxe stols. mus maZ¸ uCa Salvari//Ziqva do

Ce saroCka, kisers giob¸ gastuki. Tina muSens.

axali sityvebi:

Waru/¸ `weria~ Warud¸ èwera~ mukobu/¸ `kidia~ mukobud¸ èkida~ gerCu/¸ àfenia~ gerÇd¸ èfina~ gilasorgu/¸`yria~ gilasorg¸d¸ èyara~ geZu/¸ `devs~ geZ¸d¸ ìdo~

iWaruaf¸ èwereba~, `dawerili iqneba~

mukab(v)enuafu èkideba~, `dakidebuli iqneba~

giarCvenuafu èfineba~, `dafenili iqneba~ gilasorguaf¸ èyreba~, `dayrili iqneba~

giZvenu ìdeba~, `dadebuli iqneba~

savarjiSoebi:


1. mu mukgoquns?----------------------------------------------------------

2. mu mukaquns mus?-------------------------------------------------------

3. goRa mu mugkoqundu//¸? --------------------------------------------

330

4. mus mu mukaqundu//¸?-------------------------------------------------

5. WumeSgeRani mu mukgaqvenuafu//¸?----------------------------------

6. mu mukaqvenuafu/¸ ninos diaras?----------------------------------

7. mu gigobu//¸ xes?------------------------------------------------------

8. mu giobu//¸ mus kisers?---------------------------------------------

9. goRawo(x) gigobuduo saTi?---------------------------------------

10. ninos euZuduo (ekeTa) aCkefi?-----------------------------------

11. Wume gigabunuaf¸no cepi?-------------------------------------------

mu egiZu? _ ra gikeTia?

SeniSvna: saTvalis, lagamis, niRbis SemTxvevaSi ixmareba zmnaEedvala

`gakeTeba, amodeba (raRacis)~.

awmyo myofadi wyvetili=uwyveteli

ma emiZ¸(n)(saTvale) emaZvenuafu/¸(n) emiZ¸d¸ si egiZ¸(n) egaZvenuafu/¸(n) egiZ¸d¸ mus euZ¸(n) eaZvenuafu/¸ euZ¸d¸ Cqi emiZ¸na(n) emaZvenuafna(n) emiZ¸des Tqva egiZ¸na(n) egaZvenuafna(n) egiZ¸des munefs euZ¸na(n) eaZvenuafna(n) euZ¸des

331

XXXI.

I TurmeobiTi

mu miRolamu? – ra miqnia?

ma dom¸guruafu/¸ afxanakSa margaluri.

awmyo-myofadi wyvetili I TurmeobiTi

(do)bWarunq¸ (do)bWari (do)m¸War¸ bkiTxulenq-webkiTxenq¸ webkiTxi (wa)m¸kiTxir¸ (qo)bTquanq¸ (qo)bTqvi (qo)m¸Tqual¸ (qi)mubSenq¸ (qi)mubSe (qo)m¸muSeb¸ bgurafulenq-(qi)dibguruanq¸ (qi)bgure (q¸)dom¸guruaf¸ (g¸)vakeTenq¸ (g¸)vakeTi (ga)m¸keTeb¸ (a)vaSenenq¸ (a)vaSeni (a)m¸Seneb¸ (do)brek¸nq¸ (do)breki (do)m¸rek¸ (o)bWkomunq¸ (o)bWkomi (o)m¸Wkom¸ (ge)fSunq¸ (ge)fSvi (ge)m¸Sum¸ (qo)ujineq¸ (qo)ujini (qo)m¸jinu (qo)urCqileq¸ (qo)urCqili (qo)m¸rCqilu

(q¸)dibWyanq¸ (q¸)dibWyi (q¸)dom¸Wyaf¸ (gu)vaTenq¸ (gu)vaTe (ga)m¸Teb¸ SeniSvna: senakur kilokavSi ¸ iracionaluri xmovnis nac-

vlad yvela dasaxelebul zmnaSi iqneba i/u xmovani.

waikiTxeT dialogi:

- doWario davaleba?

- vam¸War¸. - q¸digureo gakveTili?

332

- vadom¸guruaf¸. - si mirekio goRa?

- var, ma vam¸rek¸. - ma dRas vamimuSeb¸ ¹vanas. si? - qo, ma mimuSeb¸. - ma dRas vam¸Wkom¸ elarji.si?

- qo, ma miWkom¸. - si dRas gaikeTeb¸no gebJalia ¹vali?

- var, ma dRas vam¸keTeb¸ gebJalia ¹vali.

TurmeobiTis funqcias asrulebs: mimReoba+”qona” zmna

mimReoba + “yofna” zmna

kiTxirebul(i) maf¸//ma¹i – wakiTxuli maqvs//meqneba

Zirafil(i) maf¸//ma¹i – nanaxi maqvs//meqneba Waril(i) maf¸//ma¹i _ dawerili maqvs//meqneba

mukoqunel(i) voreq¸//ipiq – Cacmuli var//viqnebi

mo¹unafil(i) maf¸//ma¹i – moyvanili myavs//meyoleba

ulir(i) re//i¹i – wasuli aris//iqneba

kiler(i) re//i¹i – daketili aris//iqneba

doWyafil(i) maf¸//ma¹i _ dawyebuli maqvs//meqneba

savarjiSo:

CasviT igive zmnebi I TurmeobiTSi:

1. doWariTo davaleba? var, _____________________

2. q¸digureo gakveTili? var, _____________________

3. gakveTili vadoiguruaf¸nano? var, __________________

4. si mirekio goRa? var, _____________________

5. goRa breli Rvini geSvio? var, Rvini _______________

ontka bSvi.

6. ma dRas va _____________________ ilors.

333

7. ma dRas va _____________________ ”ojaleSi”

8. dRas ___________ si elarji? var, dRas va___ elarji.

9. qoiCq¸no, ____________ davaleba do vabSudu.

10. si axal ¹ude no ___________, ninoq miwu.

11. mus, Turme, sum saTis _______ Sexvalama prezidentwk¸ma. 12. dRas q¸duguruaf¸no ninos gakveTili jgiro? var, dRas

___________ awmyo-myofadi wyvetili I TurmeobiTi

voreq `var~ ipiq vordi p¹ofeq me(v)urq `mivdivar~ midurq midafrTi midamrTu/¸mu/¸ virTuq `vbrundebi~ dibrTuq¸ dibrTi dom¸rTin¸ bSurduq `viRlebi~ dobSurduq dobSurdi dob¸Suladeq¸

voxvaruq `vexmarebi~ qim¸vexvarebuq¸ qim¸vxvari q¸memxvarebu/¸ veTanxmebuq¸ `veTanxmebi~ daveTanxmebuq¸ deveTanxmi dabTanxmebuq SiTmebxvaduq `vxvdebi~ q¸Sebxvaduq¸ q¸Sebxvadi q¸Sebxvalamuq

ma p¹ofeq//pofereq _ me vyofilvar

ma q¸Sebxvalamuq¸ ma¹ales _ me Sevxvedrivar megobars.

myofadi _ xolmeobiTi

dobWarunq – dobWarundi/T

doWarundi/T

doWarund¸/es qiSebxvaduq – q¸Sebxvadudi/T q¸Sexvadudi/T q¸Sexvadudu/es ip(¹)iqi _ ipiidi

midurq _ midefSi//midourdi

334

XXXII.

II TurmeobiTi, III pirobiTi

mu miRolamudu? – ra meqna?

mu miRolamudko? _ ra (rom) unda meqna?

wyvetili II TurmeobiTi III pirobiTi

ma dopWari ma domiWarudu ma domWarudko(n¸) wepkiTxi wamkiTxirebudu wamkiTxirebudko(n¸) qofTqvii qomTqualudu qomTqualuduko(n¸) qimufSe qommuSebudu qommuSebudko(n¸) qipidi qom¹idirudu qom¹idirudko(n¸) q¸dibgure q¸domguruafudu q¸domguruafudko(n¸) q¸dvogure qudomguruafudu qudomguruafudko(n¸) gavakeTi gamkeTebudu gamkeTebudko(n¸) avaSeni amSenebudu amSenebudko(n¸) dov/breki domrekudu domrekudko(n¸) opWkomi omWkomudu omWkomudko(n¸) gefSvi gemSumudu gemSumudko(n¸) qujini qomjinudu qomjinudko(n¸) qurCqili qomrCqiludu qomrCqiludko(n¸) q¸dipWyi q¸domWyafudu q¸domWyafudko(n¸)


1. ma mokod¸ dom¸Warudko davaleban¸, mara vabCodud¸. 2. mokod¸ qom¹idirudko sqano vardefin, mara fara vamRud¸. 3. mokod¸ oiWkomuduko Cqim(i) keTebuli sadilin¸. 4. mokod¸ ekas q¸duguruafudko franguli ninan¸, mara mus

va mowons Te nina.

335

5. mokod¸ geg¸momCamudko Cqim(i) maSnan¸, mara vag¸mmaCin¸. 6. g¸nobWyvidi, adre q¸domWyafuduko gakveTilin¸. 7. Sem¸lebud¸, gam¸Tebudko aTe wingiS(i) kiTxiri amdRan¸,

mara g¸nobWyvidi, televizorSa qomjinudukon¸. 8. veSemlebud¸ q¸domguruafudko aTe gakveTilin¸. 9. milamud¸, wamkiTxirudko aTe statian¸, mara Suladiri

vordi do vamakiTxir¸. 10. midabrTi bazarSa qom¹idirudko xilin¸. 11. kinoSa midabrTi qomjinudko axal filmSan¸. 12. qipidi arvani(qvasanayi), suneli domkakud¸kon¸(damenaya). 13. amdRa oko miSumudko wamali, mara g¸moWyor¸d¸. 14. amdRarSo(dReisTvis) Cqi oko wamkiTxir¸desko axali ariki.

15. mus oko q¸muRaludko axali gazeTefi.

16. Tqva oko doiWar¸desko aTe savarjiSo! 17. nite qoijinudko aTe gadacemaSa!

18. egeba qoimuSebudko Cqin(i) organizacias!

19. ma domWarudko leqsin, aucilebero waikiTxendi.

20. geiSumudko Rvinin, umos jgir xasiaTis i¹idi. 21. Cqimda(CemTvis) doirekudukon, aucilebero q¸mibSi. 22. mus qoumuSebudko umos jgiron¸, premias miRend¸. 23. ma kmayofili ip¹idi, Tqva ujguSo qoiguruafdeskon¸. 24. jgiri i¹id¸, ivanobaSa damimTavrebudko proeqtin¸. 25. aTe gazeTi ma qomRudkon, webkiTxendi.

26. maS¸na qopundukon¸, aucilebero q¸mibSi. 27. Cqim(i) saTi gegmuCamud¸ diaCqims¸. 28. naTias qouZirud¸ bebmuSi.

336

wyvetili II TurmeobiTi III pirobiTi

vordi `viyavi~ poferedi (qo)poferedko(n¸) midafrTi `wavedi~ midamirTumudu midamirTumudko(n¸) dibrTi `davbrundi~ dobrTeledi dobrTedko(n¸) q¸dobsqidi `davrCi~ dofsqiladedi q¸dobsqiladedko(n¸) dobSurdi `daviRale~ dofSuladedi dobSuladedko(n¸)

q¸mvexvari `davexmare~ qememxvarebudu q¸momxvarebudko(n¸) d¸vatyobi `davemale~ domtyobinudu doptyobinediko(n¸) q¸dveTanxmi `daveTanxme~ q¸davTanxmebudi (q¸)dabTanxmebediko(n¸) q¸Sebxvadi `Sevxvdi~ q¸Sebxvalamudi (q¸)Sebxvalamudko(n¸)


1. ma boloSa q¸dobsqiladedko Sayaruas¸n¸, albaT q¸Serxva-dudi.

2. si ¹udeSa muS dros doirTinudukon, kinoSa midefSiT. 3. mus ¹udeSa SqviT saTis durTinudkon, qoZirundu ninos. 4. kino qudoWyafeduko zustas Cxoro saTis¸n¸, ved¸megviane-

budes ¹udeSa. 5. gakveTili gaTebedko viT saTis¸n¸, q¸mifSi konferenciaSa. 6. jgiri i¹idu, koncerti gagrZelebedko umos¸ met¸ xans¸n¸. 7. ma sqande guri qumobrTumudukon¸, iwk¸ma vairekundi. 8. oko q¸dobsqiladediko ruseTis xolo Jir maras, mara

saswrafo qaRardi mibRi do dibrTi saqorTuoSa.

9. mokod¸ vabSuladediko samuSas¸n¸, mara iSen(iT) dobSurdi. 10. ginobWyvidi, domtyobinudko ¹udes¸n¸. 11. goRa oko memxvarebudko Cqim¸ ma¹aleSa, mara vamorT¸. 12. mokod¸ qomjinudko Tqvanda do arTo midam¸rTumudesko

kinoSan¸, mara kino iWyafudu bruos do demegvian¸. 13. mokod¸ q¸Serxvalamudiko goRan, mara vamarek¸.

337

14. ma Sem¸lebudu q¸dobsqiladedko amerikas sum TuTas, mara

brel(i) saqme miRud¸ qarTis do aTeSen¸ dibrTi arTi

TuTaSa.

15. milamud¸ midabrTiko indoeTiSan¸, mara q¸gebgi, mangari

sinCxe renia zarxuls do vebdi.

16. Zalams mokod¸ q¸vordiko sqan¸ dabadebaS dRas¸n¸, mara

lexi vordi do vammarT¸. 17. si qomZirudikon¸, ma aucilebero qoiwindi//qoiwolendi

aTe SayaruaS¸ ambes. 18. ma q¸momxvarebudko TamaziSan¸, Tina ujguSo doWarundu

davalebas.

XXXIII.

IV seriis formebi qarTulisgan gansxvavebiT megruls moe-poveba da Zalian gavrcelebulia. is emyareba awmyos formebs da TurmeobiTia.

novWarueq – vwerdi Turme, noWarue – werda Turme

novxantueq – vxatavdi Turme, noxantue – xatavda Turme

nov¹orofueq – vuyvardi Turme, no¹orofue – uyvarda Turme (dasavluri dialeqtebis mixedviT: nayvareba)

nolinue – midioda Turme (minavala _ dialeqturi forma)


1. goRa NTel dRas noWarue do amdRa Suladir(i) rdu. 2. besos aTe ZRafi no¹orofue do TiS gurSeni u¹vilu dudi. 3. ase qimebxvadi namda, vanobCqve ma Te koCi. 4. Te maxantali noSqeriT (naxSiri) noxantue iriaTo. 5. nTel sers nobiruena goRawo do xonari afu uliri, va-

Ciebine. 6. ma vavordikon gurami gino¹oTamue irfrels ¹udeSe. 7. si vardikoni Tea nolinue seriT afxanagefSa.

340

megrul – qarTuli leqsikoni

(megrulis praqtikuli kursis mixedviT)

a abarwa – aivani

adras//ardas – adre

adrezi (адресс) – misamarTi

aTena – es

(a)TeSeni – (a)mitom

aTeS gurSeni – amis gulisTvis,

amis gamo, amitom

akarTus – SesayarSi

akoserils//akoserels –

Sebindebisas

akoSayarua – Segroveba, Tavmoyra

aliCa – aluCa

amar//amari – ager

amar-emeri _ aqa-iq

amdRa – dRes

amdRari – dRevandeli

amSvi – eqvsi

amSoSi –eqvsasi

anTasi – aTasi

antkeci – ankesi

anwi – awi

aprili – aprili

araba – uremi

arguso – agvisto

arTi – erTi

arTo – erTad

ariki – zRapari, araki

artaJi (этаж)//sarTuli –sarTuli

artaJiani – sarTuliani

ase – axla

aserde – axlaxan

atama – atami

atamanka – divani

aucilebero – aucileblad

aqile _ cota aqeT

aSalafa – SuaSi Cavardna

aSo – aqeT

axali – axali, axalgazrda

axalwana – axali weli

b baba – mama

babu – babua

barTvi – buCqi

baRana – bavSvi

baRanami – bavSviani

bebi – bebia

bia – komSi, bia

bira – (si)mRera

biZia – biZa

biZisk/qua – biZaSvili

bkiTxulendi – vkiTxulobdi

bkiTxulenq – vkiTxulob

341

bla¹afendiT – vTamaSobdiT bonua _ dabana

boria – qari

boro – suleli, Steri

borji – dro

boSi – biWi

buli – bali

bJa – 1. mze; 2. rZe

bJadaalu/¸ _ dasavleTi

bJaiolu/¸ _ aRmosavleTi

bJaiols – aRmosavleTiT

breli – bevri

bruo – rva

bruoSi – rvaasi

bSu/¸ _ maxsovs bSqirens – mSia

bcxovrendi – vcxovrobdi

bcxovrenq – vcxovrob

bWarundi – vwerdi

bWarunq – vwer

b/pWofunT – viWerT

g gaTxili//gaTxiri – gaTxovili

gale – gareT

gamarjeba! – gamarjoba!

gamorseba – gasinjva

gaqTi¹onu – gamoiyvana qvemodan gaWireba – gaWirveba

gaWu – gtkiva

gaWirebuli – gaWirvebuli,

sawyali

gaxoles _ geaxlnen

gebunafa – dabneva (saaTis)

gegmafrTi – Cavedi

gegmofrTi – gamovedi

gegmulu//gegmurq – gaval

gegnilases – gadairivnen

gegniSqiorudu – gadaiqrolebda

gedirTi(T) – adeqi(T)!

gezoji(T)! – abrZandi(T)!

geTu – damTavrda, dasrulda

gemnofrTi – Semovedi

gemuani – gemrieli

gergoba TuTa – giorgobis Tve

(noemberi)

gerTumala – daxurva (Tavze)

gerina _ dgoma

geRani – zeg

geRanSo(T) _ zegisTvis

geSvi(T)!//Svi(T)! – dalie(T)//

svi(T)!

geSurq//geSulu/¸ _ aval

geZu//¸ _ devs gexari! – gaixare!

gexuna – (da)jdoma(raRacaze zed)

gvalo – Zalian, mTlianad, sul

gverdi – naxevari

gvians – gvian

gia¹unes – gauyvnen gilard¸ – idga(quCaSi) gilafrTi – davdiodi //viare

gilulu//g¸lourq//gilurq –

davdivar

gime _ qveviT

gimeblenq//gimurq – Camoval

gimebli _ Camovedi

gimeli! – Cadi!

342

gimibli – gavedi

gimorTu – maxuravs

gimulu//g¸mulu//gimurq//

g¸mourq – Cavdivar ginarTus – gadasaxvevSi

gini//geni – xbo

giniblenq – gadaval

ginili! – gadadi!

giniWvemuana – wvimis gadaRebas

elodebian

ginmulu//ginmurq//g¸nourq// ginulu – gadavdivar

(raRacaze)

ginoslongiri – gadaSlili,

gaSlili

ginofrTi – gadavedi

ginofurinundes –

gadafrindebodnen

ginZas – grZlad

ginZe//girZe//g¸nZe//g¸rZe –grZeli

gioxvenji – sajdomi

giSals – gasasvlelSi

giSmeWvitinandu – iWvriteboda

giSmulu//giSurq//g¸Sourq – gamovdivar

giSuliri – gazafxuli

gicaduq – darCebi, daelodebi

gixvaduno – gixdeba (giwevs

wasvla)

glaxa – cudi

glaxaT/s – cudad, (glaxaT

voreq – cudad var)

gobrCqinduq – gavCndebi

goTana – ganTiadi

goTanaSa(x) _ gaTenebamde

goTxozini – Semorbena, garSemo

Semovla

goTxozudu – uvlida garSemo,

Semourbenda

gomorZgvili – gamarjvebuli

gorua – Zebna, moZebna

goteba – gaSveba

gofaCes – gaSales

goRa – guSin

goRaneri – guSindeli

goRawo//goRawox – guSinwin

goRawo(xo)neri – guSinwindeli

gowos – SarSan

guleba – seirnoba

gurafa – swavla

guri – guli

gurmuliri – gulmosuli,

gabrazebuli

gutu – gauSva

g¸Toxuna – raRacis qveS dajdoma g¸ma TuTa – oqtomberi g¸moWyordu/¸ – damaviwyda g¸mulu//g¸murq – Caval

d dabadebaS dRa – dabadebis dRe

dadi – bebia

dadiaS _ dadianis


dapeiJeba – dapatiJeba

dasuro – marTlac

dasqua//daskua – disSvili

daxunali – dasajdomi

343

dgu//¸ _ dgas debabdi – davibade

dei – deida

deidask/qua – deidaSvili

diamuSi – dedamisi

dianTili – dedamTili, sidedri

diara – qorwili, sufra,“Zoveba”

diask/qani – dedaSeni

diaCqimi – dedaCemi

dida – deda

dida do muma – ded-mama (deda

da mama)

dike – Tavqve

dinaxale – SigniT

dio – jer, jer kidev

dirTes – dabrundnen

disqilidue – moirCino

diSqa – SeSa

dixa – miwa

do – da (kavS.)

doburili – daburuli


(do)gurafa – swavleba

doloSferi – mwvane, mdelosferi

donjira – dawola

dorTeli//dorTineli –

dabrunebuli

dorTina – dabruneba

dosqiladiri – darCenili

doute//dute – dautove

doRuru – gardaicvala, mokvda

doWari(T)!//Wari(T)! _ dawere(T)!

//were(T)!

doxanti(T)//xanti(T)! – daxate(T)

//xate(T)!

doxTuri – eqimi

doxuna – dajdoma

dudi – Tavi

duqani – maRazia

du¹i – idayvi dRa – dRe

dRasanwali – dResaswauli

dRas//dRars//dRas vari – arasdros

dRaxu – dasvenebis

(gamosasvleli) dRe

d¸megvianu/¸ – damagvianda

e edgina – adgoma

eTina – eg, is

eiodginali – asadgomi

ekenia – seqtemberi

eki – a(mo)Rma

eko¹una – ukan gayola

eko¹undu – ukan mihyveboda elaxaTrebuli – SezarxoSebuli,

SexaTrebuli

elaxi _ aRmosavleTi

el¸ - mol¸ _ aremare, Semoga-reni

emeri – eger

ena – es

efi – iafi

eqi-eqi – aqa-iq

eSafrTi – avedi

eSa-gime//eki-diki – zeviT-qveviT

344

// aRma-daRma

eSeblenq//eSurq – amoval

eSebli//iSebli _ amovedi

eSeli! – adi!

eSmulu//eSmurq//eSmourq _ avdivar

eCdoamSvi _ ocdaeqvsi

eCdoarTi – ocdaerTi

eCdobruo – ocdarva

eCdoviTaarTi _ ocdaTerTmeti

eCdoviTi _ ocdaaTi

eCdooTxi _ ocdaoTxi

eCdoJiri – ocdaori

eCdosumi – ocdasami

eCdoSqviTi – ocdaSvidi

eCdoCxoro _ ocdacxra

eCdoxuTi _ ocdaxuTi

eCi – oci

v va(r) – ar(uaryofiTi nawilaki)

vabSu/¸ -ar maxsovs vabCodu – ar mcalia

vagTorTumudu – ver gamosuliyo

vavorwyeq – ver vxedav

vakeTendi – vakeTebdi

vakeTenq – vakeTeb

vammaWiSe – ver movaswreb

vamnorTa(T)! – ar Semoxvide(T)!

vamorTa(T)! – ar moxvide(T)!

vara – an

vardi – yvavili, vardi

vardiSferi – vardisferi

varT... varT – arc…... arc

varT feri – arc iseTi

vari – 1. ara (uaryofiTi

nawilaki); 2. uari

vaujgudu – ar sjobda

vegmorTa(T)! – ar gaxvide(T)!

veda(T)! – ar waxvide(T)!

velospeti – velosipedi

veluq – velodebi

veSemlebu – ar SemiZlia

viTaamSvi _ Teqvsmeti

viTaanTxi _ ToTxmeti

viTaarTi _ TerTmeti

viTi – aTi

viTobruo – Tvrameti

viToJiri – Tormeti

viTosumi – cameti

viToSqviTi – Cvidmeti

viToCxoro _ cxrameti

viToxuTi – TxuTmeti

vilka _ Cangali

voreq – var (zmna I piri, mx.r.)

vorTudi – vSvrebodi

vorTuq – vSvrebi

345

z zarxuli – zafxuli

zesk/qvi – SaSvi

zityva – sityva

zoTonji – zamTari

zojini//zojua – brZaneba

zojundaT _ brZandebodeT

zugidari _ zugdideli

zugiduri – zugdideli,

zugdiduri

T Tavisufali – Tavisufali

Tavisufalo – Tavisuflad

TavreSe – aqedan

TaSi – ase

TaxaSxa – samSabaTi

TaxaSxas – samSabaTs

TevreSe – iqidan

TeiSa(x)//TiSax//TiSa//TeiSa –

manamde

Teli – mTeli

Tel dRas – mTeli dRe

Tel sers – mTeli Rame

Tena – es

TeSi _ ise

TiTxu//TxiTxu _ Txeli

Tina – is

Tinas – sworad, gamarTulad

Tini//Tinu – swori, gamarTuli

Tiri – Tovli

Tiwkuma//Tiwk¸ma – maSin, masTan

Tolekirili – Tvalaxveuli

Toli – Tvali

Toliereba – daTvaliereba

Tu – goWi

Tudo – qveS, qvemoT

Tudole – qvemoTken

TudoSe – qvemodan

TuTa – Tve. arT TuTaSa//arT

TuTas// arTi TuTaSoT –

erT TveSi

TuTaSxa – orSabaTi

TuTaSxas _ orSabaTs

Tuma – Tma

Tuns _ Tovs

Tqva – Tqven

Tqvani – Tqveni

Tqvano(T) – TqvenTvis

TxiTxu – Txeli

Txiri – Txili

Txoru – marxia

346

i

iaia – ia

ianari – ianvari

iaSferi – iisferi

iax – diax

ibdaT! – wavideT!

ibdi – wavedi (idi – waxvedi,

idu – wavida)

ibCiaT! – vilaparakoT!

ibCiebudi – vlaparakobdi,

vsaubrobdi

ibCiebuq – vlaparakob, vsaubrob

ivanoba – ivnisi

ina – is

inmurq//inourq – Cavdivar siRrmeSi

inwro _ viwro

inWa – Wa

inWiria – anwli

iolas – iolad

ioli _ ioli

irdRas – yoveldRe

iriaTo//iro – yovelTvis

irnero – yvelanairad

irfeli//ifreli – yvelaferi

ifrTuq – vbrundebi

(v)iqile – cota iqiT

iSo //Tevre – iqiT

k

kaTa – xalxi

kaklaroni – eklnari

kalia//kalio – ekala

kambeC/Si – kameCi

kankaleSa _ zogjer

kapusta – kombosto

karakuCxa – enZela

kariCni – yavisferi(rus.)

katu – kata

keTeba – (ga)keTeba

kvaTara – tyis qaTami

kvaria – yvavi

kvarCxanSe – marcxniv

kvata – ixvi

kvirkve – ivlisi

kibiri – kbili

ki/¸diri – mkerdi kizi _ kovzi

kiTi – TiTi

kiTxiri – kiTxva(b/pkiTxulenq-

vkiTxulob, kiTxulenq

kiTxulob, kiTxulens-

kiTxulobs)

kiribi – batkani

kiseri – kiseri, yeli

kob/peSia – kvaxi

kobu – mkvaxe

kokobe – kakabi

koto – qoTani

koCi – kaci

kraoti – sawoli

kuTafi – kvnesa

kunTxus – kuTxeSi

kunta – mokle

kuntas – mokled

kuCxi – fexi

k¸ni – isev k¸nt¸ri – kitri

l lakada – goraki

lakvi – lekvi

larWemi – lerwami

la¹afi – TamaSi (zmna) laxala//laxara _ avadmyofoba

lebia – lobio

lexi – avadmyofi (lexi voreq

– avad var)

likvi – muSti

luRi – leRvi

l¸ma – omi, Cxubi

m ma – me (piris nacvalsaxeli)

makindoli _ oxraxuSi

malas – male

malaRuri – molaRuri (Citis

saxeoba)

mangari – magari

mangas – sworad, tolad,

pirdapir

mangi – swori, toli, pirdapiri

mango – gaswvriv

mara – 1. kvira (msgefsi);

2. magram (kavS.)

mardu – mozardi

marTali – simarTle, marTali

markateli – makrateli

marti – marti

marZgvanSe – marjvniv

marwveni – mawoni

mafu – maqvs (meSveli zmna; mag:

kaba jgiro mafu – kaba

kargad maqvs).

mafSalia – bulbuli

ma¹ale – megobari

maSna – manqana

maWarali – mwerali, damweri

maWirxoli//marWixoli –

mercxali

maxantali – mxatvari

manja – maja

megvianebu/¸ _ magviandeba melaxi – dasavleTi

mele _ gaRma

memxvamu – momilocavs

menZeli – maspinZeli

merTi! – midi!

meu! – wadi!

meula – midian

meuliri – misuli

ma meulu/¸//me(v)urq – me mivdivar si meulu/¸//meurq _ Sen midixar me(v)urT – mivdivarT

meurs – midis

mesi//meesi – maisi

meti – meti

metiS meti – metismeti

meCama – micema

meZobeli – mezobeli

mi(n)? – vin?

348

mianWuafdes – miiCqarodnen,

mieCqarebodaT

mibsvanjiT – davisveneT

migaxvama – gilocav

midarTan! – wavidnen!

midafrTi – wavedi

(mida)Rala – waReba

mida¹onafa – wayvana midga _ viRaca

midulu/¸ //midurq _ waval

miTili! – Sedi! (qveS)

miTmuli//miTmurq//m¸Tourq – Sevdivar raRacis qveS

miTnoxvedes – SigniT isxdnen

Turme

miToCandu – raRacis qveS iz-

rdeboda, xarobda

mikajini(T)! – Sexede(T)!

miki-miki//muki-muki – irgvliv,

garSemo

milamu – vapireb

minmulu//minmurq//m¸nourq – Sev-divar (oTaxSi)

minofrTi _ Sevedi

minSa _ zogjer

miRu(n) – maqvs(zm. I piri, mx. r.)

mi¹ors – miyvars miSi – visi (kiTx. nacv.)

miSmulu//miSmurq//m¸Sourq – Sevdivar (SuaSi)

miCqudu – vicodi

miCqu(n) – vici

miwis//miwues – miTxres

mozojiT! – mobrZandiT!

moTa – SviliSvili

mointeresu/¸ _ mainteresebs moko(n) – minda

molafrTi – wamovedi

mole – gamoRma

molulu//molurq – moval,

wamoval

monka _ mZime

monWa – mwife

morTi! – modi!

mosaWiru _ mWirdeba

mosvanjeba//mosvanjafa//mosvanja

//moSvandafa//moSvanda –

dasveneba, mosveneba

moula _ mosvla

moulu//mourq – me movdivar

mowoneba – mowoneba (ma mob/

pwons, si morwons,

mus mowons)

moWkadili – moWedili

moWyordu/¸ – maviwydeba moxvara – daxmareba, mixmareba

mu – ra?

mu – is (III piris nacv.)

mu ambe re – ra ambavia

muanTeli//muanTili – mamamTili,

simamri

muask/qani – mamaSeni

muda – ramdeni (kiTx. nacv)

muzma – ramdeni

muTa uWirs _ araferi uWirs

muTuni vauWirs – araferi ar

uWirs

muTuni – araferi

mukmoquns – macvia

mukoquna – Cacma

muma – mama

mumalu – momavali (mumalu

wanas – momaval wels)

mumuli – mamali

munaula – mosuli, namyofi

muneri – ranairi

munefi – isini (III piris nacv.)

349

munefiSi – maTi

munefSo(T) – maTTvis//

TavianTTvis

munulu//munurq//munmurq//m¸no-urq – Semovdivar (oTaxSi)

muJami//muJams – rodis

muricxi – varskvlavi

murs – mova

muryani – Txemla

muSa – ramdenad (mag: muSa re

Te uSquri _ ramdenad

aris es vaSli?)

muSals – SemosasvlelSi (qalaqis)

muSeba – muSaoba

muSendes _ muSaobdnen

muSeni – ratom

muSeni iSqidanq! – ratom

kadrulob!, rogor gekadreba!

muSi//muS – risi(kiTx. nacv.)

muSi//TiSi – misi

muSo(T) – misTvis

muWo? – rogor?

muWomi? – rogori? (kiTx. nacv.)

mwvane//nwvane//rwvane – mwvane

m¸gaxvama! – gilocav!

n nabetani – nametani, Zalian

nana – deda, (nana! – Svilo!)

nandvilas//nandvilo//namdvilo –

namdvilad

namT(¸)ine _ zogierTi namTineSa(x) – zogjer

namTini – aravin, arcerTi

namu? – romeli?

namuT – romelic

namusuT//namus¸T – romelsac

naondReri – naSuadRevi

naondRerSa(x) _ naSuadRevamde

naondRerSe – naSuadRevidan

naquri – nakvalevi, nafexuri,

naquslevi

naSqaseriSe – naSuaRamevidan

nacia – eri, erovneba

naxanta – naxati

neba va re –neba(darTuli)ar aris

nelas – nela

neli – neli

nemeci (немец) – germaneli

nemecuri//lemencuri _ germanuli

neZi – nigozi

nTxorua – Txra

nina – ena

nolinue – midioda Turme,

(minavala - dialeqturi forma)

no¹orofue – uyvarda Turme noWarue – werda Turme

noxantue – xatavda Turme

nware _ mware

350

o obinexe – venaxi

obire//obireSi – simRera

obiSxa – paraskevi

obiSxas – paraskevs

obonSa – dasabanad

oginZaSeT – grZivad, sigrZisad

ogulebSa – saseirnod

odinafus – dasakargavSi

oze – ezo

oTolierebSa – dasaTvaliereblad

oTxi – oTxi

oTxoneCdoviTi – oTxmocdaaTi

oTxoneCi – oTxmoci

oTxoSi – oTxasi

oko – unda

ola¹afinia – saTamaSo ombale – ombalo

ondeT – Zlivs, sustad

ondRe – SuadRe

ondRes – SuadRes, SuadReze

ondReSa(x) – SuadRemde

ondReSe – SuadRidan

onjua – saRamo

onjuaSe – saRamodan

onjuas – saRamos

onjuaSa(x) – saRamomde

ordo – dila

ordoSe – dilidan

orinji – saqoneli

orkoli – doqi, sura

oro – Crdili, Cero

ortvini – bostani

oserSo/e – vaxSami

osurami – coliani

osuri – qali, coli

osurkoCi – dedakaci

osurkaTa – dedakacebi//qalebi

osursqua – qaliSvili

oSi – asi

oSineri – asgvari, bevri saxeoba,

bevrnairi

oSk/qari – SuaTana

oSqaSeT – SuaSi

oSumali – sasmeli

oCaie – Cais plantacia

oCxomu – Tevzaoba

ocaduna – cdiloben

oZirafuSa – sanaxavad

oWanafali – dasabarebeli,

dasaZaxebeli

oWkomali – saWmeli

oWkomi(T)//Wkomi(T)! –

SeWame(T)//Wame(T)!

oWkomSa – saWmelad

oWmare – dila

oWmares – dilas

oWmareSa(x) _ dilamde

oWmareSe – dilidan

oxvame – samlocvelo, eklesia

oxvarunia – exmarebao, Sveliso

oxolask/qiri – muli, mazli

oxujuna – awyobT

351

p

pateni//patina – batoni, batono!

paton-Wkorala – batonymoba

pero – kalami

piva – ludi

piji – piri

priveli – pirveli

proli – iataki

p¹umens – mwyuria puns – myavs

puraskia – prasi

J

JarneCi – ormoci

JarneCdoviTi _ ormocdaaTi

JaSxa//JeSxa – kvira

JaSxas//JeSxas – kviras

Ji – zeviT, zemoT

Jimole – zeviTken

Jiri – ori

JiroSi – orasi

JiSe – zevidan

r

ragadi – laparaki,saubari

rgili – grili, civi

re – aris

reT – xarT

rekua – darekva

rena _ arian

req – xar

rCinu – moxuci, xnieri

rCqila _ smena

rCqina – (gamo)Cena

Cqvena – codna (ma miCqu – me

vici)

s sabatoni – SabaTi

sabatons – SabaTs

sabzadis _ samzareulo

sadili – sadili

saTi – saaTi

sakakalo – sauzme

samargalo – samegrelo

samuSa – samsaxuri, samuSao

352

saukuno – saukune

saraloT – sabraloT

sasafula – sasaflao

saqvarenq _ saqmianob

saqorTuo – saqarTvelo

sekundi – wami

seri – Rame

seriSe _ Ramidan

si _ Sen (II piris nacv.)

sinCxe – sicxe, (sinCxe re –

sicxea, sinCxe mafu – mcxela,

sinCxe miRu – sicxe maqvs)

sirgile _ sigrile

sitiba _ siTbo

skami- skami

ska – futkari

sk/qvami – lamazi

sk/qvamas – lamazad

sk/qua _ Svili

so//sode – sad (kiTx. zmnizeda)

sodgareni – sadRac

sovreSe//sovre _ saidan

soiSa – saiT, saiTken, sanamde

sona – niaxuri

soni _ sadauri

sofelari _ sofleli

sofeluri – 1. sofleli,

2. sofluri

stoli – magida

suleli – suleli

suneli _ suleli

s(t)umari _ stumari

sumi – sami

sumka – CanTa

sumoneCdoviTi _ samocdaaTi

sumoneCi – samoci

sumoSi _ samasi

sumxolo – samive

sq/kani – Seni

sqano(T) – SenTvis

sqilada – morCena

sqeli – sqeli

sworas _ sworad

swori _ swori

sxuli _ msxali

t

tarozi – dari

tibu – Tbili

toronji – mtredi

tuta – nacari

tutaSferi – nacrisferi

tya – tye

tyobini//tyobinafa – damalva,

malva

tyura – tyuili

353

u

uguTxu _ gauTxovari

ukaxale _ ukan

uklaSi//ukulaSi – umcrosi

ukuli – mere, Semdeg

ula – wasvla

ulamu – apirebs

ulamudu _ apirebda

uliri – gasuli (uliri wanas

– gasul wels)

umosi – meti, ufro

umosSa – ufro metad

unCaSi – ufrosi

urku – aklia

usqvamaSi – ulamazesi

usq/kvamuri – uSno(ulamazo)

uf¸raSi – uaresi uRuraleT//uRuralo _

usikvdilod

uSquri – vaSli

uCa _ Savi

uCiteli – maswavlebeli

uxujana – awyobT

ujgudu – sjobda

ujguSi – ukeTesi

f fania – ojaxi, col-Svili,

jalabi

faCua – gaSla

ferdi – ferdobi

fifqrenq – vfiqrob

foTq(v)i – leliani, jile

foxalefi//fuxalefi – koka,

wylis didi WurWeli

(24-litriani)

frevali – Tebervali

fsqeli _ sqeli

furi _ cudi

q qarTi – Tbilisi

qasqidu – SerCa, SemorCa

qacari – Tikani, cikani

qeqe – mCate, msubuqi

qvara – muceli

qvrii – qvrivi

qianaSi – uamravi, bevri

(“qveynis”)

qigegones – gaigones

qidigure(T)! – iswavle(T)

qila¹afi(T)! – iTamaSe(T)! qimefrTi – mivedi

qiminua – keTeba

qimiojRiandu – miajRavlebda

qimulu/¸//qimurq – mival

qimuSe(T)! – imuSave(T)!

qiri – qori

354

qirse TuTa – dekemberi

qi¹ana _ qveyana qiSilebenda//qoSilebenda –

Tu SeiZleba

qobali – puri

qoT _ kidevac

qoTomi – qaTami

qomirCqili(T)//mirCqili(T)! –

momismine(T)// mismine(T)!

qomoli – kaci

qomolkaTa _ mamakacebi

qomolkoCi – mamakaci

qomolsk/qua _ vaJiSvili

qomonji – qmari

qoragade(T)! – ilaparake(T)!

qorTu – qarTveli

qorTuli – qarTuli

qorTulo – qarTulad

qorTxinq _ gTxov

qoZiri (T)//Ziri(T)! – naxe(T)!

qubires _ umReres

quTeSuri – quTaiseli

quri – qusli

qurCqili(T)//urCqili(T)! –

mousmine(T)//usmine(T)!

qufaludu – gafurCqnuliyo

qujini(T)!//ujini(T)! – uyure(T)!

q¸dagure(T)! – aswavle(T)!

q¸dinjiri(T)! – daweqi(T)! q¸dodoxodi(T)! – dajeqi//

dasxediT!

q¸dozoji(T)! – dabrZandi(T)! q¸merTi! – midi! q¸mkmojini(T)! – Semomxede(T)! q¸mofrTi _ movedi q¸morTi! – modi! q¸moulu//q¸murq – wamoval

q¸moZiriT! – maCveneT!

R Rala – waReba

RaWaWia – kiborCxala

Reji – Rori

Rvanwki – Rawvi, loya

Rvini – Rvino

RviniSferi – Rvinisferi

Riru – Rirs

RorRonji – bati

Rureli – mkvdari

RurWuli – WikWiki

y yama – xanjali

yvinTeli//¹vinTeli - yviTeli

355

¹ ¹a – toti ¹vana – yana ¹vali – yveli

¹viliri _ mokluli

¹idiri _ yidva ¹ini – civi, gayinuli

¹orofa – siyvaruli(ma mi¹ors, si gi¹ors, mus u¹ors)

¹ofili _ namyofi

¹ude – saxli

¹umuri//¹omuri – tyemal

¹unafa//¹onafa _ wayvana ¹uji – yuri ¹ujiSjins – yurisZirSi

S Sanqari – Saqari

Sanqarami – Saqriani

Seilebu – SegiZlia

Semlebu – SemiZlia

Seulebu – SeuZlia

Sexvalama – Sexvedra

Silebe – SeiZleba

Sinka – nesvi

Sioxvamilafaro//SioxvalamSa –

Sesaxvedrad

Skafi (rus.) – karada

Sk/qviTi – Svidi

Sk/qviToSi – Svidasi

Sone//SoneTi – svaneTi

Soni – svani

Soferi – mZRoli

Suladiri – daRlili

Suma – sma

Surbunuo//Surubunuo –

sulganabuli

Suro – saerTod, sul,

sruliad

Sqagurs – SuaSi, SuagulSi

Sqa kiTi _ Sua TiTi

Sqaseri – SuaRame

SqaseriSe – SuaRamidan

Sqirena – SimSili (Sqireni

mafu – mSia)

SxvadoSxva – sxvadasxva

Sxu – msxvili

Sxuri – cxvari

356

C Can(C)kiTi – ceri

Cans – dargulia, xarobs

Ce – TeTri

Cieba – laparaki, saubari

Cili – coli

Cili do squa – col-Svili

Cildosquami – colSviliani

Cili do qomonji – col-qmari

Cineba – cnoba (ibCinenq - vicnob,

iCinenq - icnob, iCinens

- icnobs)

Cupa – Wipi

Cqaras – Cqara

Cqari – Cqari

Cqi//Cq¸ _ Cven Cqimi – Cemi

Cqimo(T) – CemTvis

Cqini – Cveni

Cqinobura _ Cveneburi

Cqino(T) – CvenTvis

Cxana – sicxe, mze

Cxe – cxeli

Cxvindi – cxviri

Cxomi – Tevzi

CxonCxi – RviZli

Cxoria – sxivi(mzis)

Cxoro – cxra

CxoroSi – cxraasi

Cxou – Zroxa

Cxuru – sicive(Cxuru mafu –

mciva, Cxuru re – sicivea)

c caSferi – cisferi (monWireli

caSferi – muqi lurji)

caSxa – xuTSabaTi

caSxas _ xuTSabaTs

cim¹va//cimua _ marwyvi cindali _ knuti

cira – gogo

cximuri – rcxila

cxo(v)reba – sicocxle, cxovreba

cxovrenq – cxovrob

cxovrens – cxovrobs

Z Zaami – Zalian

Zalieri – Zlieri

Zga – kide, gverdiT

Zgas – gverdiT, kideSi

Zgvitafa – Cxvleta

Zviri – Zviri

357

Zirafa – naxva(vorwyeq – vxedav,

orwyeq – xedav, orwye –

xedavs)

Znelas – Znelad

Zneli – Zneli

Zu – devs, aris

ZRabi – gogo

w wana _ weli

ware – mware

wari – warbi

warmowana – weli

wenwyari – Wanis wyali (mdinare)

wvaneri//wvaneli _ fxali

wi//¸ _ wels

wingi – wigni

wiri//w¸ri – wlevandeli

wirwanas – wlevandel wels,

wels

wifuri – wifeli

wiwila – wiwili

wka – kurka

woxole – win, winaT

wunTi – wuTi

wyari – wyali

wyarpiji – wylispiri, napiri

W

Wanafa – dabareba, daZaxeba,

mowveva

Wanafili – dabarebuli,

mowveuli

Wandari – Wadari

Warua – wera (ma b/pWarunq –

vwer, si Warunq – wer,

mu Waruns - wers)

WerWe – Wreli

Wve – Wvavi

Wvens – wvims

WiTa – wiTeli

Wirqa – Wiqa

Wife – viwro, wvrili

WiWe – patara, cota

WiWe-WiWe – cot-cota

WiWe xani – cota xani

Wkveri – Wkviani

Wkidi _ Wadi

Wkomua//Wkumua – Wama

Wofua – daWera

Wua – tkivili

Wuala – dawva, Sewva (dobWviT

– davwviT, SevwviT)

Wumani//Wume – xval

Wumaneri//Wumeneri – xvalindeli

WumeSgeRani – maszeg

WumeSo(T) – xvalisTvis

WuWele/i – WinWari

WyiSi – mwyemsi

Wyolofua – wyaloba

Wyoni – muxa

Wyori – mwyeri

358

x xaburzaki – sazamTro

xamu – dana

xandara – avdari

xantua – xatva

xara – Cafi (xaraTia–CafiTao)

xasla – gverdi

xaslas – gverdiT

xe – xeli

xeloba – profesia


xvarxvi – xaxvi

xvimra – xurma

xolo – kidev

xolo-xolos – axlo-axlos

xolos – axlos

xonari – xma

xoji – xari

xuToSi – xuTasi

xSiras//bSxiras//fSxiras _xSirad

j ja – xe

jamkakali – TuTa

jaralua – jarianoba, TavSeyra

(Zveli dResaswauli)

jgiri – kargi

jgiro – kargad

jveSi – Zveli

jveSo – Zvelad

jima – Zma

jimasqua – ZmisSvili

jimu – marili

jimuami – mariliani

jina – yureba, lodini

jinji _ Ziri

joRori – ZaRli

jumaSxa – oTxSabaTi

jumaSxas – oTxSabaTs

jRari//JRari – JRali

h hamo – tkbili

359

sakiTxavi teqstebi

dialogebi:

* * *

_ gamarjoba sqani jgiri, jima!

_ RoronTq gogimorZgvas, Cqimi patoni!

_ aTe sofers mu joxo?

_ senaki.

_ muda versi re Taure zugidiSa?

_ JarneCidoarTi.

_ muTi Silebe zugidiSa ula?

_ cxeniT, mara ujguSi re faitoniTi varda dereJaniTi.

_ mu Riru TeSaxi?

_ dereJaniTi midazoju┌n┐Ti da, aRiruafu arTi manaTi,

faitoniTi Jiri.

_ muWomi mosavali ┌o┐rdu wi Taqine?

_ gvariani, patoni, xolo WiWeT yurZeni domiWves dio-

de Cxuruqu do ukuli sinCxeq┌i┐.

_ Tqvaniure muWomi mosavali rdu? ragadana, yurZens

wi jgiri piji uRudua.

_ namdvili re. Rvinqi brelq i¹uu, mara Wkidiq (Wkid-qi) misustes. ma TiSen molavrTi simidi oko ipidee (qo-

mi¹idiruduko). ase mis¸ Sevxvaduqu ni, arZas vkiTxurenq, so uefaSo gimiCamumaqi simidi, do arZaq zugidiSa mimowuru.

Tqva mus ityuTi?

_ marTali uTqualna. zugidis┌i┐ Tqva qemerTiT┌i┐

uCardiaSa do CqimiSeni quuwiiT: Tiqi molmoCqu-So, do Tina

irfels qemgexvarebu.

_ didi madlobeli voreq.

_ muSeni iSqidanq, sqani Wiri!

_ ve devgvianenq, Te wuTis mid┌v┐urqi. mSvidobiT zo-

ju┌n┐daTi, patoni!

360

* * *

_ gamarjoba (gomorZgua) sqani jgiri, jima!

_ RoronTq gogimorZgu (gogimorZgvas) Cqimi pateni

(pat¸ni). _ Te sofelç mu joxo? _ senaki.

_ muz¸ma versi re Ta┌¹┐ureSe (Taure) zugidiSa? _ JarneCidoarTi.

_ muT¸ Siilebe zugidiSa ula?

_ faitoniT¸, varda dereJaniT¸. _ mu R¸r¸ TeiSax¸? _ faitoniT¸ midazoj¸nT¸ da aR¸ruafu Jiri manaTi, de-

reJaniT¸ arTi. _ muWomi m¸nawii ┌o┐rd¸ w¸ Taq¸? _ gvariani, pateni, xolo WiWeT ¹urZeni moWu dio Cxu-

ruq¸ do ukuli sinCxeq¸. _ Tqvani¹ure┌Se┐muWomi m¸nawii rd¸? ragadana, ¹urZens

w¸ jg¸ri piji uRudua. _ nanduli re. Rvinq¸ brelq morT¸, mara Wk¸diq WiWeq

i¹uu (narkebo i¹uu, misustes). ma Taqi TiSeni mofrTi lazu-

ti (laiti, lati) qomi¹idir¸d¸ko ni. ase mis¸Ti, va reno, Sevxvad¸q¸ ni, arZas bkiTxurenq, so umosi efas g¸miCamu-maq¸ lazuti, arZaq zugidiSa mowuruu. Tqva mus ityuT¸?

_ marTali uTqualna (uragaduna). zugiç Tqva qimer-TiT¸ uCardiaSa do CqimiSeni quuwiiT: Tiq¸ molmoCqu-So

(mumoCqu-So), do Tina irifelç (irifelis) q¸m¸gexvarebuna. _ didi mardobeli voreq.

_ muSeni iSqadanT, Tqvani Wiri!

_ ve debgvianua┌nq┐. ase xolo mid┌v┐urq¸. SvidebiT

zoj¸ndaT¸, pateni!

361

zRaprebi:

I

sqvami Cxomi

rd¸ arTi rCin koCi. Tis ¹und¸ arTi squa meCxome. ar-TiSax meCxomeq midarT¸ CxomiSi oWofuSa; gilarT¸ breli,

mara Cxomq vaaWofu. bolos oWofu arTi WiWe, mara Zalami

sqvami Cxomi. meCxomes Seecod¸ e Cxomq do qidnaxunu wyars koni. ¹udeSa wumorT¸ni, mumaq kiTx¸:

_ Cxomi vagiWofuniavo? squaq uwu:

_ arT Cxomi ofWofi, mara Zalami sqvami rd¸, Semecod¸ do koni guteva.

mumaq golax¸ squa do gegna¹oT ¹uduSe do uwu: _ muSeni mi¹oTi RoronTiSi Wyolofua?

meCxomeq midarT¸. Saras qauxvad¸ xaraziq¸ do ides, mi-darTes woro. enefs qauxvad¸ mewamaleq. meCxomeq, xaraziq do

mewamaleq deemojgires arTians¸ do piji qimeCes arTi-maJi-ras, muTi iSuani muSmuSi xeluaT¸ni, arTi-maJirawk¸ma SqaSa giirTani.

aTe dros arTi mafas ¹und¸ osurisqua lexi. mafaq bre-

li ecad¸, mara squaSa muTaq maaxvarin¸. ukulineSe mafaq ga-

macxad¸: `miT daasqiliduans Cqimi osurisquas¸ni, Tis Cqimi osurisquas Cilo qekuxunuanq~.

mewamaleq midarT¸ mafaSi squaSi owamaluSa. muJansiT

qumorTu mafaSani, mewamaleq golasiru lekuri, lexis dus

qigiodiruT¸, xes lekuri ukinebuduni do TeSi Tqu: `gverSa-

pi, ma gizoj¸nq lexis deTxue, vara dus merkvaT¸nq~. gverSapiq eSeel¸ lexiSi qvaraSe do gimil¸ gale. mafa-

Si osurisquaq dosqid¸ do mafaq qimeC¸ Tina mewamales Cilo.

mewamaleq mole¹on¸ Cili do diiSayares sumixilo Tabunenq.

362

girTes, muTi naSibi uRudes¸ni. mewamaleq muSi Cili do mu-

qiT qoxvad¸ni, irifeli meCxomes qimeC¸ do uwu: _ Cxomi, namuTi Siicode do gäteni, ma vordi. muq aTena qoTqu do uZirafuo gorT¸.

lamazi Tevzi

iyo erTi moxuci kaci. mas hyavda erTi Svili, meTevze.

erTxel meTevze wavida Tevzis dasaWerad. iara bevri, magram

Tevzi ver daiWira. bolos daiWira erTi patara, magram Za-

lian lamazi Tevzi. meTevzes Seecoda es Tevzi da CauSva

isev wyalSi. saxlSi rom movida, mamam hkiTxa:

_ Tevzi ar dagiWeriao? _ Svilma uTxra:

_ erTi Tevzi daviWire, magram Zalian lamazi iyo, Seme-

coda da isev gavuSvi.

mamam galaxa Svili da gaagdo saxlidan da uTxra:

_ ratom dakarge RmerTis wyaloba?

meTevze wavida. gzaze Sexvda xarazi da iares, erTad

wavidnen. amaT Semoxvda mewamle. meTevze, xarazi da mewamle

daumegobrdnen erTmaneTs da sityva (`piri~) misces erTma-

neTs, rac ki iSovon TavTavianTi (`TavTavisi~) xelobiT, er-

TmaneTTan Suaze gaiyon.

am dros erT mefes hyavda qaliSvili avad. mefe bevrs

ecada, magram Svils veraferi uSvela (`moexmara~). Semdeg

mefem gamoacxada: `vinc moarCens Cems qaliSvils, mas Cemi qa-

liSvils colad davusvam~.

mewamle wavida mefis Svilis samkurnalod (`sawam-

lod~). roca movida mefesTan, mewamlem alesa xmali, avad-

myofs Tavze daadga, xelSi xmali rom eWira ise da Tqva:

`gveleSapo, me gibrZaneb, avadmyofs moeSva (`daeTxovo~), To-

rem Tavs mogkveT~.

gveleSapi amovida avadmyofis muclidan da gavida ga-

reT. mefis qaliSvili morCa da mefem misca is mewamles co-

lad. mewamlem wamoiyvana coli da Seiyarnen samive amxanagebi

363

(!). gaiyves, rac naSovni hqondaT. mewamlem Tavisi coli da,

rac Sexvda, yvelaferi meTevzes misca da uTxra:

_ Tevzi, romelic Seicode da gauSvi, me viyavi.

man es Tqva da uxilavad iqca.

II

xenwifeSi boSi do sqvami cira

arTi xenwifeSi squa qo¹ofe Zalami sqvami do jgiri.

Te boSiq mumas uwuu:

_ mua-Cqimi, gomitee Sxva qi¹anefiSa. mumaq neba qemeC¸. Te boSiq id¸, qimerT¸ didi rume tya-

Sa. miojin¸ni, qoZir¸ arTi sqvami cira dilegars jaSi jins.

miojin¸ni, boSiq deefirq¸: `mu ambe re ena? Tena mi ¹ofe, muq gemirCqind¸, ejgua saariko mu ore? Cqimi dudiS mikved¸, Te-cali tyaSa miTofrTini!~ ukuline duuWyu kiTxiri ciras:

_ mu goko Taq¸, bata? qirsiani reqo si? _ qirsiani voreq, _ meCu pasuxi ciraq¸ do pijvari de-

ewer¸. Te boSikoCq memixir¸ do molami¹on¸, cxeniSa mukuuxedi

ukaxale. arTo miiSes¸ni, Saras qewobxvades breli gerenq. e

koCq qomolikoCanas guudirT¸ iaraRiT; Te koCi muSi iaraRa-mo gerenq gekosofes. ma Jii jaSi no¹elas qomuosxapi, ifSee-

li jaSa, eTeqi gamkobsqidi. Ti Cqimi maxvamilafari oWkomu

gerenq.

aTe gaWireba quuwä arZo aTe ciraq aTe xenwifeSi squ-as. aTe xenwifeSi squas Seecod¸ Te ciraq¸ do mole¹on¸ mu-Si ¹udeSa do q¸morT¸ dida do mumaSa. e ciraSeni kiTx¸ di-damumaq:

_ min re do soni renia Te cira?

364

_ RoronTq muCu ma ena, Cilo oko ikiifxunueve, gir-

gvini oko giibdgee aTe cirawk¸ma, _ uwuu Tinens squaq. muma do didaq neba vameC¸ squas girgviniSi gedg¸maSi.

ena boSiq iwyin¸, girgvini qigiidg¸ Zalo, muma do didaq

¹udeSa vamaaSqu. Te boSiq midarT¸, Te boSiq eferineero qi-dixor¸, namuda Zalami jgiro, mumas¸ do Sxva jimalens or-

jgin¸ irifeliSeni.

xelmwifis vaJi da lamazi qaliSvili

erTi xelmwifis Svili yofila, Zalian lamazi da keTi-

li (`kargi~), am biWma mamas uTxra:

_ mamaCemo, gamiSvi sxva qveynebSi.

mamam neba misca. es biWi wavida (`iara~), mivida did da-

burul (`mrume~) tyeSi. rom gaixeda, dainaxa, erTi lamazi

qaliSvili (`cira~) tiris xis Ziras. rom Sexeda, biWi da-

fiqrda: `ra ambavia es? es vin aris (`yofila~), vin gamomiC-

nda, amgvari zRapruli (`saarako~) ra aris? Cemi Tavisa mik-

virda [me], amgvar tyeSi rom Sevedi~! Semdeg dauwyo (gamo)

kiTxva qaliSvils:

_ ra ginda aq, qalav? qristiani xar Sen?

qaliSvilma miugo:

_ qristiani var.

da pirjvari daiwera.

_ me erTma kacma gamitaca (`momipara~) da wamomiyvana,

cxenze ukan vejeqi; erTad rom midiodnen gzaze, [iseTi] bev-

ri mglebi (!) Semogvxvdnen. am kacma vaJkacurad gaivlo xeli

iaraRze; [magram] es kaci Tavis iaraRianad mglebma daglijes.

me zeviT, xis tots Sevaxti, avedi xeze, iq gadavrCi. is, Cemi

gamtacebeli, SeWames mglebma.

es ubedureba (`gaWirveba~) sul uTxra am qaliSvilma

am xelmwifis Svils. am xelmwifis Svils Seecoda es qaliS-

365

vili da wamoiyvana Tavis saxlSi da movida ded-mamasTan. am

qaliSvilis Sesaxeb hkiTxa ded-mamam:

_ vin aris da sadauri ariso es qaliSvili?

_ RmerTma momca me es, colad unda davisva, jvari un-

da daviwero (`gvirgvini unda davidga~) am qalzeo, _ uTxra

imaT Svilma.

mamam da dedam neba ar darTes (`misca~) Svils jvaris

dawerisa (`gvirgvinis dadgmisa~). es biWma iwyina. jvari dai-

wera Zalad. mamam da dedam saxlSi ar SemouSves.

es biWi wavida, isesxa fulebi da im fuliT sacxovre-

bel-samosaxlos moekida, dasaxlda. es biWi iseTnairad da-

saxlda, rom Zalian kargad, mamas da sxva Zmebs ajoba yvela-

ferSi.

III

papa do TiS ukulaSi squa

arTi papa qo¹ofe do sumi squalefi q¸no¹ve. papaq Ru-radRas duuCin¸ muSi squalens:

_ dobRureve, TiToq TiTo sers daviTini wamkiTxiTia.

mara uCaSi squalenq Te zojua mumaSi vaSiasrules,

xvale arTi ukulaSi squaq waukiTx¸ daviTni. Timusers ga-mecxad¸ muSi mumarq¸ do qaaCuqu arTi cxeni. maJira sers xolo Teq, muSi jimulefiSi mangioro, waukiT¸ daviTni. ma-Jira sers¸Ti mumaq gameecxad¸ do maJira cxeni qaaCuqu, namu-Ti nokobue muSi oSqari squaSoT. masuma sers¸Ti xolo aTeq

waukiTx¸ daviTni do mumaq masuma sers¸Ti qumuu¹on¸ masuma cxeni, xvamiro qidiituu do midarT¸.

aTe dros arTi xenwifeSi osurisquas qomons miaTxin-

des Tijguras, namuTi jixurs Ji cxeniT eSasxapunduni do

Ti zisunaxes ajunuuduni, _ Tis miaTxindes. breli xenwife-

366

Si squalefi Ti zis¸naxeSi oTxuuSa miiSes, mara miTiniSi cxens veeSaasxapu Ji jixuriSa.

TiJans aTe papaSi squaq qigedoxod¸ Te muSi mumaSi naW-yolofu cxens, qimerT¸ xenwifeSi doxoreSi kariSi woxole.

qimiog¸ cxens maTraxi do qeeSasxapinu, mara nasumoriSi eSee veiasxapu. maJira cxens qogedoxod¸ do xolo qeeSaasxapinu,

mara Tis woxoliani cxeniSe maJira Tiz¸maSi umosiq vaasxapu. masuma dRas masuma cxeniT q¸morT¸ do qeeSasxapinu, do qoTi qoSaasxapu aTe jixuriSi Ji do boSiq qaajunu Ti zis¸naxes¸ do girgviniTi qiguudges eTi boSis Ti ciraSa. ukuli ma-

larT¸ e boSiq muSi ¹udeSa. aTe dros xenwifesi Cirq q¸deelax¸ do qiiWanuu aTe

muSi sinja do uwuu dianTirq: `Ce zRua do uCa zRuaSi

Sqas arTi iremi renia do TiSi bJa mugalenia~, miwiis¸ do Tis q¸momiRanq¸-da, dobsqid¸q, var¸-da, _ maRuruu voreqia~.

aTe dros Te boSiq gedoxod¸ muSi cxens¸ do midarT¸. eTiq zRua do zRua SqaSa miSeel¸ do moWval¸ irems bJa do q¸muuRu muSi dianTirs, qoC¸ do daasqilidu.

mRvdeli da misi umcrosi vaJiSvili

erTi mRvdeli yofila da sami Svili hyolia. sikvdi-

lis dRes daubara Tavis Svilebs:

_ [Tu] movkvde, TiToeulma TiTo Rames `daviTni~ wami-

kiTxeTo.

magram ufrosma Svilebma es brZaneba ar Seusrules;

marto erTma umcrosma Svilma waukiTxa `daviTni~. im Rames

gamoecxada mamamisi da aCuqa erTi cxeni. meore Rames isev

man, Tavisi Zmebis magivrad, waukiTxa `daviTni~. meore Rame-

sac mama gamoecxada da meore cxeni aCuqa, romelic ndomebia

Tavisi SuaTana SvilisTvis. mesame Ramesac isev aman waukiTxa

367

`daviTni~ da mamam mesame Ramesac mouyvana mesame cxeni, _ da-

locvilad datova da wavida.

am dros erTi xelmwifis qaliSvils iseT qmarze aTxo-

vebdnen, romelic cixis zeviT axteboda cxeniT da, vinc im

mzeTunaxavs akocebda, imas miaTxovebdnen. bevri xelmwifis

Svilebi im mzeTunaxavis saTxovad midiodnen, magram veravis

cxenma ver SeZlo cixis zeviT axtoma.

am dros es mRvdlis Svili moajda am Tavisi mamis na-

Cuqar cxens, mivida xelmwifis sasaxlis karis win, hkra

cxens maTraxi da aaxtuna, magram mesamedis zeviT [cixis si-

maRlisa] ver axta. meore cxens moaxta da kidev axta, magram

wina cxenze orjer metis (`meore im xelaze ufro~) zeviT

ver axta. mesame dRes mesame cxeniT movida da aaxtuna da

kidevac axta am cixis zeviT da biWma akoca im mzeTunaxavs

da daaqorwines (`gvirgvini daadges~) es biWi im qaliSvilze.

merme wamovida es biWi Tavis saxlSi. am dros am xel-

mwifis coli avad gaxda da daibara es Tavisi siZe da uTxra

sidedrma: `TeTr zRvasa da Sav zRvas Sua erTi iremi ariso

da imisi rZe mogixdebao, miTxres, da Tu imas momitan, mov-

rCebi, Tu arada, aucileblad movkvdebio (`namdvilad momak-

vdavi varo~).

am dros es biWi moajda Tavis cxens da wavida. im ori

zRvis SuaSi (`zRva da zRva Sua~) Sevida da moswvela irems

rZe da moutana Tavis sidedrs da moarCina.

368

IV

ariki qomonji do CiliSi

qo¹ofena arTi Cili do qomonji kaTa. vanopaluena mu-

Tuni, arTi qomoli squaSi meti. arTiSa arTi JeSxas¸ e koç wiruaSa miduurT¸m¸. osuri ojaxis¸ q¸dosq¸lade. boSi viTo-

Jiri baRanefiwk¸ma nola¹afue. aTe borjis¸ gerç e boSi qu-uxvamiulafu. didas¸ ambee qeSutyvebu, urkiä. ungar¸ breli.

mumas¸ qeSaatyvinees¸. muma wiruas¸ gerd¸ do Tquu: `wirua vemimateene, amdRa uqvi re do Cqimi bediSi qorenda, va-

mid¸n¸~. wiruaq¸ geeTuu. nowiruenç Te koCq¸, muWoTi Sxvaq¸

TeSi, saTuTumo giinwyuu. feri borjis¸ Sxva kaTaq uwuu: _ RoronTi giWyor¸no, mus¸ orT¸q¸? aTe koCq¸ maaSin¸: _ amudRa JeSxa re. Cqimi bediSi qoren da, Wume bgor¸. muSi TiSa q¸morT¸ Te koCq¸. Cilq dudiSi ¹vilua miin-

domu.

_ mus¸ orT¸q¸, mu RoronTi giWyor¸? _ uwuu qomonç Cilq¸.

osurq¸ sadili vadaxvamiluu. qomonjq¸ xasila metax¸: _ sadili muSeni vad¸moxvamileeva? Cqimi bediSi qoren-

da, Wume bgorunq do orzoli gag¸mominwyiia. osurq¸ orzoli geg¸maanwyuu. maJira dRas¸ e koCq¸ or-

zolamo midarT¸ ogor¸Sa. id¸, id¸, muTi qaalined¸, Tina id¸, giSeel¸ arTi didi mindoriSa. w¸majin¸ w¸mii do qoZir¸, ar-Ti koCi njors¸ qigexen do WandiSi maSxvaT¸ qimiZire. id¸, id¸ do qawoxvad¸ aTe koç.

_ gamarjoba, jima, sqani! so meurq¸ a¹ure? saralo Te koCq¸ maaSin¸ muSi saq¸me. jorami koCq

uwuu:

369

_ si muma oxeri, amudRa gor¸nq¸ni, goRa so ordi do vara a¹ure mu goko? sumi dRa do seri muurqu do muTa ipaluu.

saralo koCq uwuu:

_ TuTumi gebSvaTia.

TuTuni geSves¸. joramqg uwuu: _ maTi sqaniwkala urqu do bgoraT¸. ides¸, ides¸, onjuas¸ tyas¸ giSelees¸ do arTi Zalami

maxoro koç qimiodirTes¸ karç. _ seri g¸moTanafeeTia, _ uwiis¸. njori odiareSa guutes¸ do q¸deebines¸ aTe maxoro

koCiSi Tis¸. njoriSi minjeq¸ maaSin¸ menZelç aTe saralo

koCiSi ambee.

_ suleli ¹ofe migida reni, goRa squa ngerq¸ miduuR¸ do amudRa gor¸nç.

_ `JeSxa renia~ do va gor¸ goRa. _ musuTi qaarwyeqie, _ uwuu menzelq¸, _ arZo uqvi

dRaSi nakeTebu renia arTi svetiSi meti.

aTe svetis¸ njorami koCq¸ marTaxi q¸mkabunuu. maJira dRas¸ midarTes¸ ogoruSa. qimerTes arTi njaSi jinjiSa, fe-ri borjis¸ marTaxiq¸ q¸gàSin¸.

_ jimaloba qorwancia-da, marTaxi q¸moiRia. midarT¸ e koCq¸ do qoZir¸: irifeli arTo doWvere

sveti do marTaxiSi meti. marTaxi moleeR¸. minjes¸ q¸muuR¸ do irifeli garemoeba maaSin¸. njoriSi minjeq¸ uwuu:

_ aba, mu aRoled¸, muTi qaapaluduni, irifeli uqvi

dRaSi nasaqvar¸ noRve. qiiCinenqo sqani squas? _ uwuu mar-TaxiSi minjeq¸.

_ qoova.

_ aba g¸Seli tyas¸, qiCina sqani squa-da.

370

namdvilo Te koCq¸ qoZir¸, muSi squas¸ ngerefi

ula¹afuanci do boSi miniSa arTis¸ qigexe, miniSa maJiras¸, elamu.

_ qo, pat¸ni, amari re, mara mi mioTinancia? däZaxes¸ boSis¸. boSiq¸ q¸morT¸. njorami koCq¸ uwuu

boSiSi mumas¸: _ si didi coda giRudua do sqani squa TiSeni ixvami-

luua ngerq¸. sqani dasajeba Roronc¸ okodua, mara q¸gapati-ua sqani squa TiSeni, namda si wiruas¸ gerdia, do sqani squ-aSi dinafa qimegiResia, Suri vagiqal¸nia: `amidRa iSeni uqvi renia do Cqimi bediSi ren da, Wume RoronTi q¸moZirancia~.

molarT¸ squamo do sqid¸des¸ Cili do squamo.

qmrisa da colis zRapari

yofilan erTi coli da qmari. araferi ar moepovebo-

daT erTi vaJiSvilis meti. erTxel erT kvrias es kaci wir-

vaze wasula. qali saxlSi darCenila. biWi Tormet bavSvTan

TamaSobda Turme. am dros mgels es biWi gautacnia. dedas

ambavi Seutyvia, ukivlia, utiria bevri. mamas Seatyobines. ma-

ma wirvaze idga da Tqva: `wirvis mitoveba ar SemiZlia, dRes

uqmia da Tu Cemi bedis aris, ar damekargebao~.

wirva damTavrda. wirvis Semdeg (`nawirevs~) am kacma,

rogorc sxvam, ise papirosi (`saTuTune~) gaawyo. am dros

sxva xalxma uTxra:

_ ra RmerTi giwyrebao, rasaa akeTeb? _ am kacma moax-

sena.

_ dRes kviraa. Cemi bedisa Tu aris, xval movZebni

(`vZebni~). Tavis saxlSi movida es kaci. colma Tavis mokvla

daapira (`moindoma~).

_ ras Svrebi, ra RmerTi giwyreba? _ uTxra qmars

colma.

371

qalma sadili ar daaxvedra. qmarma gverdi (nekni) Caum-

tvria:

_ sadili ratom ar damaxvedreo? Cemi bedisa Tu aris,

xval movZebni da sagzali gamimzadeo (`gamomiwyveo~).

qalma sagzali gaamzada. meore dRes es kaci sagzlianad

wavida saZebnad. iara, iara, rac SeeZlo, is iara, gavida erT

did mindorze. gaixeda win da dainaxa, erTi kaci jorze zis

da buzis (`mweris~) simsxod moCans. iara, iara da Sexvda am

kacs.

_ gamarjoba, Zmao, Seni! sad midixar aqiT?

am sawyalma kacma moaxsena Tavisi saqme. jorianma kacma

uTxra:

_ Se, mama oxero, dRes rom eZeb, guSin sad iyavi, anda

aqiT ra ginda? sami dRe da Ramea movdivar da araferi mina-

xavs (`ipoveba~).

sabralo kacma uTxra:

_ Tambaqo movwioTo (`davlioTo~).

Tambaqo mowies (`dalies~). jorianma uTxra:

_ mec SenTan wamoval da veZeboT.

iares, iares, saRamos tyidan gavidnen da erT karg mo-

saxle kacs miadgnen karze.

_ Rame gamaTenebineTo, _ uTxres.

jori balaxze miuSves da dabinavdnen am mosaxle kacis

ojaxSi.

joris patronma moaxsena maspinZels am sabralo kacis

ambavi.

_ suleli yofila viRacaa, guSin Svili mgelma mosta-

ca (`waarTva~) da dRes eZebs.

_ `kvira ariso~ da ar eZeba guSin.

_ rasac xedavo, _ uTxra maspinZelma, _ yvela uqm

dRes gakeTebuli ariso, erTi svetis meti.

am svetze jorianma kacma maTraxi Camokida. meore dRes

wavidnen saZebnad. mividnen erT xis ZirTan, am dros maTraxi

gaaxsenda.

_ Zmoba Tu gwamso, maTraxi momitaneo.

372

wavida es kaci da naxa: yvelaferi erTad damwvara sve-

tisa da maTraxis meti. maTraxi wamoiRo, patrons miutana

da yvelaferi (`yvela garemoeba~) moaxsena. joris patronma

uTxra:

_ aba ra mouvidoda, rac ram ebada, yvelaferi uqm

dRes hqonia gakeTebuli. icnob Sens Svils? _ uTxra maTra-

xis patronma.

_ kio.

_ aba, gadi tyeSi, Tu icnob Sens Svils.

namdvilad naxa am kacma, Tavis Svils mglebi eTamaSebi-

an da biWi xan erTs azis, xan meores; gaocda.

_ ki, batono, aq aris, magram vin mibedavso [iq mis-

vlas]?

dauZaxa biWs. biWi movida. jorianma kacma uTxra biWis

mamas:

_ Sen didi codva gqonda da Seni Svili mitom gaita-

cao mgelma. Seni dasja RmerTs undoda, magram gapatia Seni

Svili, imitom, rom DSen wirvaze ideqio da Seni Svilis da-

kargvis [ambavi] rom mogitanes, xma (`suli~) ar amogiRiao:

`dRes mainc uqmi ariso da Cemi bedisa Tu aris, xval Rmer-

Ti manaxvebso~.

wamovida Svilianad da cxovrobda colSvilianad.

373

V

Jiri jima koCi

qo¹ofe Jiri jima koCi. Ticali maxinji ¹ofena Tinefi, namuda qi¹anas norgilafuena. Te Jiri jimaSi ¹ofa-qceva Te-li sofelsi noCqve, mara muTuni vaRolamuna, raxan xiruaSi

rCqinawkela didi moxerxebuli do eSmaki ¹ofena. muJams mu-nefiSi sofeli duuRaribebunani, ukuli Sxvado duuWyafuna

xirua. arTiSax, Wume petroba rdukoni, amuseri arTi so-

felsi meuxiruna xoji, mara, etyvebu RoronsiT gaurisxvebu

Tinefi do Saras qugoTanafuna. mu qiminani, naxira xos qeTa-

aCinena. eukinuna do duu¹viluna xoji; xeSketefiSa qegeuki-

rafuna do duuqununa noSoTi do duuWyafuna Rvara: `va-va,

jima petreia! va-va, jima petreiava!~ meSarefs ukiTxiruna:

_ muq gaRolesia? upasuxebuna:

_ sumi jima vordiTi, arTis petreia joxord¸ do Sa-ras domiRures do amudRari dRasu CqinoT WiTa obiSxa re-

nia.

ai, aTeneri xerxiT duuRorebuna moSareefi, xoji ¹ude-Sa qemeuRaluna do dro utarebuna.

Ruma Teq vordi, amudRa aS qomovrTi...

ori Zma (`Zmakaci~)

yofila, yofila ori Zma (`Zmakaci~). iseTi qurdi yofi-

lan isini, rom Turme qveyanas aSinebdnen (`acivebdnen~). am

ori Zmis yofaqceva mTels sofels scodnia, magram veraferi

uqniaT, radgan qurdobis codnasTan erTad Zalian xerxiani

da eSmakebi yofilan. roca TavianTi sofeli dauRaribebiaT,

mere sxvagan dauwyiaT qurdoba. erTxel, xval rom petroba

unda yofiliyo, am saRamos erT sofelSi mouparavT xari,

magram, etyoba, RmerTi ganrisxebia maT (`RmerTs ganurisxebia

isini~) da gzaze SemoTenebiaT. ra qnan, moparul xars qe ic-

374

noben. auRiaT da dauklavT xari, xelketebze daukaavT da

daufaravT foTlebiani totebiT da dauwyiaT Rriali: vai-

vai, Zmao petreia! vai-vai, Zmao petreiao~! mgzavrebs ukiT-

xavt;

_ ra dagemarTaTo? _ upasuxniaT:

_ sami Zma viyaviT, erTs petreia erqva da gzave mogvik-

vda da dRevandeli dResaswauli CvenTvis wiTeli paraskevi

ariso.

ai amnairi xerxiT moutyuebiaT mgzavrebi, xari saxlSi

miutaniaT da dro utarebiaT.

VI

dimdari do Raribi

Turme arT sofels, arTmaJiaS xasias cxovrendes jiri

mezobeefi: arTi dimdari du, maJia Raribi du. arTiSi qoneba

fundu do ginmofundu, maJias xomia WkidiS notexi xo»o onatrudu, mara iSeniT ir sers ¹aTe gaWirebui koCiS ¹uCe irCqiedu bira do gitaraS xma, ordu sxapua do Zica. Tij-

gua ambe du, namda moSare kos, misiT ¹aTe maxoruuSi ambe vouCquduni, aCqvenudu: midgareni didi kampanias ginmigansia,

didi diara uRunia.

aTe ojaxi arT dRaS naSiibis arTnero guTmurTundu

arZos do aTeTi Za»am didi kmayofii do bednierefi ordes. dimdari koCiS ojaxis gvae Sxvaneri ambe du. dRas mi-

Tini eure biraS xonars vegegendu. gileeSu muS oTaxus dim-

dari do arTiS metis muTuns vafiqrendu:

_ dRas qigagonebeno aTejgua muTuni!.. ma Tezuma qoneba

miRu, Tesxei fara mafu gasisxebui, Wkomua vamoruku do Su-

ma, iSeniT Cqimi ojaxis simxiarueS xma vare. e glaxakiSi

ojaxis muTuni vouRuna, mara miT mikiensni, iS ¹udes iro kampania aCqvenuu. wana arTie do sumoneCi do xuTi Tanafa

uRu. morTi, gavwirenq Cqim qonebas, orqovarCxils do ¹aTe

375

glaxakis qemevCanq; qovZirunq, daba, muWom xasiaTis gerdiTu-

ni(!).

arT mSvenier dRas dimdarq deebaru Raribi do muT sa-

ujguSo qoneba uRuduni, qemeCu mezobers.

aTena do aTena; ve¹äni ve¹u Rarib koCiS mosvanjaq. gei-borju iS ojaxiq. kos eure Zica do biraS xonari varCqie-

du.

dimdari SoriSe urCqiedu, daba, mus iqundu Rarib ko-

Cin. giSe»u Jir-sum dRaq do dimdars qamakiTxuu Raribiq do Tei oqroi»oba qumuRu do uwuu:

_ mideRi skani qoneba, muT maCuqin, ma siRaribe do sig-

laxake misxununia.

_ muSa domirTineva, ma skanda mangiori muTun va-

miTxänia?! _ marTaienia, _ uwuu Raribiq, mara, muT Te qoneba ge-

woiRin, ukui mosvanja do »urq memidinua. dRa do sers Tis vfiqrendi, mu vRoiko do muWo mivxvarikon. baRanenq daxe

dememuunju do osuri seriT sinaTes xo»o veTmiorzandu. ma misxunu Skirenui vorde do viZicanda, vidre gemdindare do

devmunjen.

geWofu do monaCemi ifrei ukaxae durTinuu viSo. gaxa-

rebulq ¹uCa irviu muS Cii do skuaSa. dimdarq ifiqru, arTxans ifiqru do ukui qemexvadu,

namda qonebaSi zirua do Senaxeba vardu saWironi. saWiro

du, ir dRiuri muSobaT uWkomuduko »ukma do Cii do skua guxarebuduko.

dimdarq gedirTu do Te qoneba gegmuRu; gegmiRu do

Raribens durigu. xalxiqiT didi mardoberqi daaskidu do

muq xo»o didi gaWireba miiSoru dudiSe. ukui qidiWyu mu-Saoba do a»ai »ukmas Wkundu, simxiarue do droS tarebas ordu Tei sicocxle.

376

mdidari da Raribi

Turme erT sofelSi, erTimeoris gverdiT cxovrobdnen

ori mezobeli. erTi mdidari iyo, meore _ Raribi (+iyo).

erTis qoneba duRda da gadmoduRda, meores xmeli mWadis

natexic ki enatreboda, magram yovel Rames am gaWirvebuli

kacis saxlidan ismoda simRera da gitaris xma, iyo cekva da

kiskisi. imgvari ambavi iyo, rom mgzavrs, romelmac am saxlis

ambavi ar icoda, egoneboda: viRac did lxins (`kampanias~)

ixdiso, didi qorwili aqvso.

es ojaxi erTi dRis naSovns erTnairad uyofda yvelas

da amiT Zalian didad kmayofili da bednierebi iyvnen.

mdidari kacis ojaxSi sul sxvagvari ambavi iyo. veras-

dros iqidan vinme simReris xmas ver gaigonebda. dadioda Ta-

vis oTaxSi mdidari da erTis mets arafers fiqrobda:

_ odesme gagonila amgvari rame? me amodena qoneba

maqvs, amdeni fuli gasesxebuli, Wama ar maklia da sma, mag-

ram mainc Cems ojaxSi simxiarulis xma ar ismis (`aris~). am

glaxakis ojaxSi araferi aqvT, magram, vinc gamoivlis, mis

saxlSi sul lxini egoneba. weli erTia da samas samocdaxu-

Ti aRdgoma aqvs. modi, gavwirav Cems qonebas, oqrovercxls

da am glaxaks mivcem; vnaxav, aba, rogor xasiaTze dadgeba.

erT mSvenier dRes mdidarma daibara Raribi da, rac sa-

ukeTeso qoneba hqonda, misca mezobels.

es (iyo) da es; ar iqna da ar iqna Raribi kacis mosve-

neba. airia misi ojaxi. kacs iqidan sicili da simReris xma

ar esmoda.

mdidari Soridan uyurebda, aba, Tu ras izamda Raribi

kaci. gavida ori-sami dRe da mdidars moakiTxa Raribma da

mTeli oqrouloba moutana da uTxra:

_ waiRe Seni qoneba, rac maCuqe, me siRaribe da sigla-

xake mirCevniao.

_ ratom damibruneo, me SenTvis magieri araferi momiT-

xoviao?!

377

_ marTali aris, _ uTxra Raribma, magram, rac es qone-

ba gamogarTvi, mere mosveneba da Zili damekargao. dRe da

Rame mas vfiqrobdi, ra meqna da rogor momexmara, bavSvebi

kinaRam damimunjda da coli RamiT sinaTlesac ar anTebda.

me mirCevnia mSieri viyo da vicinode, vidre gavmdidrde da

davmunjde.

aiRo da mocemuli (`monacemi~) yvelaferi ukan daubru-

na (+iqiT), gaxarebuli saxlSi gaiqca Tavis col-SvilTan.

mdidarma ifiqra, erTxans ifiqra da mere mixvda, rom

qonebis Segroveba da Senaxva (+rom) ar iyo saWiro. saWiro

iyo, yoveldRiuri muSaobiT eWama lukma da col-Svili gae-

xarebina.

mdidari adga da es qoneba gamoitana da Raribebs dau-

riga. xalxic didi madlobeli daurCa da amanac didi Wiri

(`gaWirveba~) moiSora Tavidan. mere daiwyo muSaoba da alal

lukmas Wamda. mxiarulebasa da drois tarebaSi iyo mTeli

sicocxle.

leqsebi:

1. vRuruq, mara mu vqimina?

vxedav, aRar gebralebi!

lexi voreq maRuruu,

ver miSvelis eqimebi.

2. nite mara miCq¸das, ase risTvis momentere!

mu dagiSe, qomiwii,

me mivxvdebi Cem Tavs mere.

3. SorSe jinas domiWyanq,

axlos aRar mekarebi...

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

378

4. aw v'fiqra si, mojgire,

awi me Sen mogerido:

muWo ToliT qorZir¸nq¸ ukan unda mogekido.

5. ¹orofils vonduruq,

guri alaWviri mafu,

Cqimi rd¸ ni, miCq¸d¸, breli dixas domicqvafu.

6. seriT mlurs, dRaSiT var,

ma mi¹ors¸ do Sxvas me¹uns. min re midamiRans¸ ni, Cqimi SuriSi osxunurs?

7. voxede do vjan¸de, sqani qaRardis vWar¸nde: `gvalas muSen gagajogi?

`malas domingar¸nde!~

8. qorZirunq¸ ni, guri maWu, (nana) va rZirunq¸ ni, ufuraSi. Suri do guriT viWuuq¸, muda dRaSax vorda TaSi?

9. Cqimi guri sqanwkma re,

sqani guri Sxvawk¸ma re, Cqim'do sqani gojogafa

meriSi ak¸nawyma re.

10. Cqimi guri TeSi iWu,

obedi v'aWve sakvecis;

Cqimi guri TeS' mikobu,

muWoTi Cxomi ankesis.

379

11. bedniero dus vorwyedi,

Turme miWofuno Wiri,

sqani naTxora samares

kiseriSax gobZ¸ kiri.

12. meurqia, Siivtyvi do

muS imedis domiCinanq?

Ti zomaSax qomi¹orq¸, gurs¸ Wleqis gomirCqinanq.

13. seriT »urs¸ va marZens, siz¸mari mafocens¸. Cqimi do sqani ¹orofa RuradRaSax v' akocens¸.

14. xes mikebu ni, vardi re,

gurs¸ miRu ni, dardi re, _ Cqim(i) do sqani arTo rina (nana)

nana, muWomi mardi re (nana).

15. bJa dia Cqimi,

TuTa muma Cqimi,

xviCa-xviCa muricxefi

da do jima Cqimi.

16. aia re, baia re;

baiaSi wori Tanafa re;

qirse ren do kalanda re;

wakurTxia jg¸ri dRa re.

380

* * *

ma si vardi TiSen merCi,

baRis oko dorgikoni,

Tina dRas¸ vaixumudu, ma si qogi¹ordikoni! iro Tis¸ vocadudi, sqan xolos¸ vordikoni, ubedurq¸ vepiko do, bedinerq¸ ipikoni. vardiS minjes vanogveq¸,//minjeT vanorgveqi TiSenire, saubeduroT,

mebaRoba vanorCqveno,

ena vagoskvans¸ Suro. Cqimi guri si do¹vili,

anwi es¸ mu oxvar¸, Rureli guriS gaTeleba,

veSemlebu, var¸, var¸!

* * *

vagi¹orqo ma? vagokoqo ma?

vamorwonqo, maxaria,

sqani Wirima!

miWyoruqo ma?

gorjoguqo ma?

vara ntero migoCquqo,

sqani Wirima!

sqani voreq¸ ma, vagaRorenq ma,

siT Ralati vagmagona,

sqani Wirima!

usqaneTi ma,

Te qiana ma

mafu sruli jojoxeTi,

sqani Wirima!

381

* * *

aka si reqiSo,

almasi reqiSo,

orde lexini, _

vamaZireqiSo, na..

dedou nana,

mebdinavo, Cqimi coda!

iro guriSa

ala mireqiSo,

q¸gmaSineq¸ni, mangarineniSo _ na..

dedou nana,

mebdinavo, Cqimi coda!

* * *

¹orofa arZa arTi vare, Cqimi vemiWare SxvaSa,

gi¹ordini miCqudu do goiTiruqo ma si SxvaSa.

boria rdas¸, Wvima rdas¸, sqani moulas ma qibginanq,

kankaleSa gamkomile,

veSemlebu TaSi rina.

seri do dRaSi arTi mafu,

sqan Saras ginvojineq¸, sqani dudi midamiRuo

Sxvaq¸, kargimokilerq¸. ax, ¹orofa, si Wvili dRaSi,

guri muWo domixaSi,

seri iSeni seri ren do,

ukumela mafu dRaSi!

382

andazebi:

adre enadgina ¹urdgelc wiari vegioWiSuansia.

_ adre amdgarsa kurdRelsa ver daeweva mwevari.

arTi oxvameri papasiTi qaaCirTunia.

_ erTi aliluia mRvdelsac Secdebao.

arTi ¹oradili uSquri oSi Sxvas do¹oridunsia. _ erTi dampali vaSli ass sxvas daalpobso.

arTSa xangas¸T dujera. _ erTxel giJsac daujerebeno.

axali oqosali jgiro qosuns.

_ axali cocxli kargad gvis.

babuSi naWkoma ¹omurq moTas kibiri mekvaTua. _ babuas naWamma tyemalma SviliSvils mosWra kbilia.

bediSa kos vamdaarTenia.

_ kaci beds ver gaeqcevao.

bediSi gverdi cada renia.

_ cda bedis monaxevreao.

geriSi SquriniT Txa mis uWyvidunia.

_ mglis SiSiT Txa vis gauwyvetiao.

gveri fers iTiransia, vara wesis veTiransia.

_ gveli fers icvlis, wess ki _ arao.

gilaxeq¸ni i ¹as kvaTua vakonia. _ romel totzedac zixar, imas moWra ar undao.

383

giriniS kvartiqi vegewyinasia.

_ viris wixli ar gewyinoso.

glaxa squas glaxa joRori ujgunia.

_ cud Svils cudi ZaRli sjobiao.

gurafaSi jinji kole re, mara wvandi hamo re.

_ swavlis Ziri mwarea, magram bolo (wveri) tkbiliao.

gurafa Rura dRaSa renia.

_ swavla sikvdilamdeao.

daCxiri otibuans, mara Wuala xolo uCqunia.

_ cecxli aTbobs, magram dawvac iciso.

donTxafili geiodginia.

_ waqceuli aayeneo.

dudiSo irguni, Tina SxvaSoTi irgunia.

_ vinc TavisTvis varga, is sxvisTvisac ivargebso.

vara wyari oko orde, vara Rvini.

_ an wyali unda iyo, an Rvino.

varTi wvadi gilalua, varTi keleberia.

_ arc mwvadi Seswva da arc Samfurio.

Toli Suns do Toli Wkomuns.

_ Tvali svams da Tvali Wamso.

irkos muSi Toli aworensia.

_ yvelas Tavisi Tvali ajerebso.

kibiri TiSeni gerdgunia, ninas oko geunWireve.

_ kbili imisTvis gaqvs, rom enas daaWiroo.

384

kos koCana giRudas, saxeli mudga rjoxondas.

_ kacs kacoba gqondes, saxeli rac ginda gerqvas.

koCi jgiro geCinebafueni, arTi fuTi jimu oko gafudas

Tiwkela naWkoma.

_ kaci kargad rom gaicno, erTi fuTi marili unda

gqondes masTan erTad SeWmuli.

kuSi squa ku i¹ii, buSi squa bu i¹ii, aba, more mu i¹¸ii. _ kus Svili ku iqneba, bus Svili su iqneba, aba sxva ar

qineba.

luri WiWe Ruru renia.

_ Zili patara sikvdiliao.

mdidariSa veSinartebenia do RaribiSa vegiZicinenia.

_ mdidars nu dahnatri da Raribs nu dascinio.

meSare wyars miTxinsni, Rvini mikuRi.

_ mgzavrma (Tu) wyali moiTxova, Rvino, miarTvio.

minc papa mowonc do minc papaSi osuria.

_ zogs mRvdeli moswons, zogs _ mRvdlis coli.

moTaq kiTxua babus - iro rCin¸ rdiao? _ SviliSvilma babuas hkiTxa _ yovelTvis moxuci iya-

vio?

moragade doRurun do naragad dRas vaRuru.

_ mTqmeli mokvdeba, naTqvami _ ki ara.

muT giRudas, Tis miabaRia.

_ rac gaqvs, imas dasjerdio.

munafas Cxana (bJa) vaafule.

385

_ Rrubeli mzes ver dafaravs.

mus Tas¸nqi, Tina eurcu. _ rasac daTes, is amova.

muSi Ruru irkos puxus maabu.

_ sakuTari sikvdili yvelas zurgze hkidiao.

muWoT naragadueni, landRviri wyari wkonda tobaSe veg-

muursia.

_ rogorc naTqvamia, mRvrie wyali sufTa tbidan ar ga-

movao.

nam qianaSa meurq¸ni, Ti qianaSi qudi girTvia. _ romel qveyanaSic midixar, im qveynis qudi daixureo.

ngeriSi oWiSis saxarebas kiTxulendesia.

_ mglis Tavze (zurgze) saxarebas kiTxulobdneno.

ninas kibiri vaWofundas, qianas daarcuand.

_ enas kbili rom ar akavebdes, qveyanas daaqcevdao.

onjRoriani rinas urinoba ujgunia.

_ sircxvilian yofnas aryofna sjobso.

puxas safule Tinunsia.

_ kuzians samare asworebso.

sumari RoronTiSenia.

_ stumari RvTisaao.

tyuraSi moragades marTals vadujerenania.

_ tyuilis mTqmels marTalsac ar daujerebeno.

ubeduri kos qua ekoxonc maaWiSuanc.

386

_ ubedur kacs qva aRmarTSi daeweva.

uqimin¸ni ina, iro iq¸ns. _ (visac) gaukeTebia, yovelTvis gaakeTebso.

ujoRore qianas katus olalafesia.

_ uZaRlo qveyanaSi kata ayefeso.

fara faras akeTensia.

_ fuli fuls Soulobso (akeTebso).

fara jojoxeTiSi kars taxunsia.

_ fuli jojoxeTis karsac aRebso (texso).

furini _ dixaq veSgoWyordas.

_ ifrine, (magram) miwa ar dagaviwydes.

qaragadafeva da, nina irfels Tquansia.

_ Tu aTqmevine, ena yvelafers ityviso.

qiana iro miTins vegesqiladunia.

_ qveyana yovelTvis aravis SerCeniao.

qoTomq muSi o¹vilari xami giToCxirkua.

_ qaTamma Cxrika da Tavis dasaklavi dana keriaze gamoC-

xrikao.

Res pati ce, niCvis gaCamunia.

_ Rors rom pativi sce, cxvirze gikbenso.

Rura irkoCiSo arTianjgua renia.

_ sikvdili yvelasaTvis erTnairiao.

387

RuraSa iro gurafa renia.

_ swavla sikvdilamdeo.

Ruru jgiri do furs veiSagorunsia.

_ sikvdili kargsa da cuds ar arCevso.

¹orani iro uCa renia. _ yorani mudam Savi ariso.

¹orofas Tols(i) sinaTle vauRunia.

_ siyvaruli brma ariso (TvalSi sinaTle ara aqvso).

¹ungaSo JirSa varek¸nania. _ yrusaTvis orjer ar rekaveno.

Sers Seri uCqu iri koCi.

_ giJs yvela giJi hgonia.

SxvaSi imendiT Sqirenuli qodosqiduqi.

_ sxvisi imediT mSieri darCebio.

Sxuri Sxuri renia, geiol-da, furi renia.

_ cxvari cxvaria, Tu gacxarda cxariao.

Ceja sqvami re, mara muTa morRe renia.

_ alvis xe lamazia, magram usargebloao (`arafris maq-

nisiao~).

Cqimi ninaq dudi gomisofua.

_ Cemma enam Tavi gamixeTqao.

Cxomi landRve wyars iWofuu.

_ Tevzi mRvrie wyalSi daiWirebao.

388

Cxomq Tqu: breli mafunia oragade, mara piji wyariT ma-

funia efSa.

_ Tevzma Tqva: saTqmeli bevri maqvs, magram piri wyliTa

maqvs savseo.

Zica guriSi malama renia.

_ sicili gulis malamoao.

wvires uCxirkeda iro axaSo anTxunia Suri.

_ nagavi Tu qeqe, mudam suni eqnebao.

wyariSi munaRels wyari iRansia.

_ wylis motanils wyali waiRebso.

Wiri do lxini arTo cxovrena.

_ Wiri da lxini erTad cxovrobeno.

WiWe Tqvi do breli gegone.

_ cota ilaparake da bevri moismineo.

Wkidi arTiSa gortixuni, ukuli arTians vemkaaWabu.

_ mWadi, raki erTxel gatydeba, aRar gamTeldeba (erTma-

neTs ar miewebeba).

Wura iro wyars veeRans.

_ koka (ayiro) yovelTvis wyals ar moitans.

Wumaneri qoTomiSa amdRari kvercxi misxununia.

_ xvalindel qaTams dRevandeli kvercxi mirCevniao.

xangas oguruandesia do Wkverq q¸diigurua. _ briyvs aswavlidnen da Wkvianma iswavlao.

xeSi kiTefs¸Ti qimioxe unCaS-ukulaSia.

_ xelis TiTebsac emCneva ufros-umcrosobao.

389

xe xes bonucia do Jirixolo pic.

_ xeli xelsa bans da orive pirso.

jgiri qimini do quas q¸gedvi. _ kargi hqeni da qvaze dadeo.

jgiriSeni jgiri mis uRvalamu.

_ kargisTvis kargi vis uqniao.

jima jimaSo, uCa dRaSo.

_ Zma ZmisTvis, Savi dRisTvis.

joRori TeSi muWo Ruru, aka ¹urdgeli vaWofasie.

_ ZaRli ise rogor mokvdeba, erTxel kurdReli ar da-

iWiroso.

390

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Targmna al. Wyoniam, Tb. 1991

lomTaTiZe q., -q sufiqsisaTvis megrul zmnebSi, iberiul-kav-

kasiuri enaTmecniereba, I, 1946.

393

lomTaTiZe q., `erTi~ ricxviTi saxelis istoriisaTvis qar-

Tvelur da afxazur-adiRur enebSi, ike, t. XIII,

Tb., 1963;

lomTaZe a. brunebis TaviserurebaTa istoriisaTvis megrul-

Si, Tb., 1987;

lomia m., hipotaqsis sakiTxebi megrulSi, Tb., 2005;

makalaTia s. samegrelos istoria da eTnografia, Tb., 1941;

margvelaSvili m., myofadis warmoebisaTvis megrulSi, Tsu

Zveli qarTuli enis kaTedris Sromebi 23, Tb.,

1980.

mayaSvili a., botanikuri leqsikoni, Tb., 1961;

maWavariani g., ‘uniSno vnebiTi’ qarTvelur enebSi, qarTvelur

enaTa struqturis sakiTxebi, I, 1959;

maWavariani g., qarTvelur enaTa SedarebiTi gramatika, leq-

ciebis kursi, Tb., 2003;

nozaZe l., TanxmovanTSesatyvisobis erTi SemTxvevis gamo

qarTvelur enebSi, ike, XXX, 1992;

nadareiSvili l., mimReoba zanurSi, ike, XII, 1962;

nadareiSvili l., masdaris warmoebis Sesaxeb WanurSi, ike,

XVIII, Tb., 1970;

JRenti s., Wanuri teqstebi, arqabuli dialeqti, 1938;

JRenti s., guruli kilo, 1939;

JRenti s., zanizmebi gurul zmnebSi, enimkis moambe, V-VI,

1940;

JRenti s., labializebul TanxmovanTa sakiTxisaTvis qar-

Tvelur enebSi, enimkis moambe, X, 1941;

JRenti s., `r~ fonema megrul_WanurSi, saq. mec. ak. moambe,

t. X (2), 1949;

JRenti s., n/(m) bgeraTa ganviTarebis safuZveli megrul-Wa-

nurSi xSul-mskdomTa win, saq. mecn. akad.-is mo-

ambe, t. X (7), 1949;

JRenti s., megrul-Wanuri vokalizmi, iberiul-kavkasiuri

enaTmecniereba, IV, 1952;

JRenti s. Wanur-megrulis fonetika, Tb., 1953;

394

rogava g., afxazur-ubixur-adiReuri ga sufiqsi PRIVATI-

VUM megrulSi, saq. mecn. akad.-is moambe, t. III

(6), 1942;

rogava g., zanuri baR (baR-un –eyofa, kmara) zmnis etimo-

logiisaTvis, saq. mecn. akad.-is moambe, t. IV

(6), 1943;

rogava g., disimilaciuri dezafrikatizaciis erTi saxeoba

zanurSi, Tsu Sromebi, t. XXXBb-XXXI b. 1947;

rogava g., hipotaqsis sakiTxisaTvis qarTulSi, quTaisis

pedinstitutis Sromebi, t. 8, Tb., 1948;

rogava g., qarTvelur enaTa bgeraTSesatyvisobidan: megru-

li –r: qarTuliG-g, saq. mecn. akad.-is moambe, t.

X (8), 1949;

rogava g., naafiqsari d-s fonetikuri saxecvlileba da ze-

ca fuZis agebulebis sakiTxi, quTaisis pedins-

titutis Sromebi, XI, 1952-3;

rogava g., qarTvelur enaTa fonetikis istoriul-Sedare-

biTi Seswavlis ZiriTadi sakiTxebi, iberiul-

kavkasiuri enaTmecniereba, t. IV, 1953;

rogava g. dro-kiloTa meoTxe jgufis nakveTebi qarTve-

lur enebSi, ike, t. V, Tb., 1953;

rogava g. qarTvelur enaTa fonetikis istoriul-Sedare-

biTi Seswavlis ZiriTadi sakiTxebi, ike, IX-X,

Tb., 1958;

rogava g., zedsarTavis TanabrobiTi xarisxis gaqvavebuli

formebi qarTulSi, iberiul-kavkasiuri enaTmec-

niereba, t. IX-X, Tb., 1958;

rogava g., qarTuli r, megruli j, qarTvelur enaTa

struqturis sakiTxebi, I, 1959;

rogava g., bgeraTSesatyvisobaTa darRvevis SemTxvevebisaT-

vis qarTvelur enebSi, iberiul-kavkasiuri enaT-

mecniereba, XII, 1961;

rogava g., qarTvelur enaTa istoriuli fonetikis sakiT-

xebi, I, Tb, 1962;

395

rogava g., arqauli tipis hipotaqsis gadmonaSTebi qarTve-

lur enebSi, ike, t. XXVI, Tb, 1987;

rogava g., zanuri -ni kavSir-nawilakis kvali Wanur dia-

leqtSi, ike, t. XXVII, Tb, 1988;

samuSia k., qarTuli zepirsityviereba, megruli nimuSebi,

Tb., 1990;

saxokia T., megruli andazebi da gamoTqmebi, ike, XXVIII,

Tb., 1989;

feinrixi h., sarjvelaZe z., qarTvelur enaTa etimologiuri

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Tb., 2000;

qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni, prof. arn. Ciqobavas

saerTo redaqciiT, t. I-VIII, Tb., 1950-1964;

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`aia~, #1, Tb., 1997;

qarTuli xalxuri sityviereba, megruli teqstebi, t. I,

1975, t. II, 1991;

qajaia o., megrul-qarTuli leqsikoni, t. I-III, Tb., 2001-

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qobalava b., megruli sityvawarmoebidan, ike, XXI, 1979.

qobalava b., ªpirTa fonemuri struqturisaTvis

megrulSi, ike, XXV, 1986;

qobalava b., kavSirebiTi kilo megrulSi, enaTmecnierebis sa-

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quTelia n., A da B sistemis harmoniuliµjgufebi megrul-

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quTelia n., lazuris fonematuri struqtura, Tb., 2005;

yifSiZe i., asimilaciisa da disimilaciis wesi qarTulsa da

megrulSi, tfilisis universitetis moambe, #1,

1919;

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yifSiZe i., WaneTSi mogzauroba, enimkis moambe, I, 1937;

yifSiZe i., saangariSo moxseneba WaneTSi saenaTmecniero miv-

linebisa 1917 wlis zafxuls, enimkis moambe,

#1, 1941;

yifSiZe i., Wanuri teqstebi, 1941 (gamosca Ciqobavam);

SaniZe a., ‘topadis’ etimologiisaTvis, enimkis moambe, I,

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SaraZeniZe T., svanur-qarTul-zanuri Sesatyvisobis zogierTi

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Sengelia v., nasesxebi leqsikis adaptaciisaTvis megrulSi,

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Serozia r., no- prefiqsian zmnaTa funqciis sakiTxebisaTvis

megrulSi, krebuli: zogadi da iberiul-kavkasi-

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Serozia r., memiSiSi o., megruli da lazuri andazebi,

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Ciqobava a., Wanuris gramatikuli analizi, Tb., 1936;

Ciqobava a., potencialisis kategoria qarTvelur enebSi,

enimkis moambe, I, 1937;

Ciqobava a., saxelis fuZis uZvelesi agebuleba qarTvelur

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Ciqobava a., war preverbis mniSvnelobisaTvis qarTulSi,

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Ciqobava a., Wanur-megrul-qarTuli SedarebiTi leqsikoni,

Tb., 1938;

Ciqobava a., prof. ioseb yifSiZe da Wanuris mecnieruli

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Tb., 1939;

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Ciqobava a., qarTuli Zval fuZis zanuri SesatyvisisaTvis,

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Ciqobava a., Wanuri myofadis warmoebisaTvis, saq. mec. ak.

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canava a., qarTuli zepirsityvierebis sakiTxebi (megruli

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cikolia m., megrulis samurzayanul-zugdiduri kilokavis

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xubua m., uaryofiTi nawilaki va megrulSi, saq. mec. ak.

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xubua m., rig TanxmovanTa cvlilebisaTvis qarTvelur

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398

xubua m., sparsuli warmoSobis sityvebi megrulSi, saq.

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