34-1
Isao Takei. Poverty among Native Americans. Studies in International Relations Vol. 34, No. 1. October 2013. pp. 6775.
Using data from the 2006-2010 American Community Survey (ACS), this study investigates absolute and relative poverty among American Indians and Alaska Natives. The analysis distinguishes between four racial groups of American Indians and Alaska natives including: single-race Native Americans; biracial white and Native Americans; biracial black and Native Americans; and other multi-race Native Americans. This study also reports some results for 35 of the largest self-reported tribal affiliations for single-race Native Americans. In general, all of the Native American groups have higher levels of absolute and relative poverty rates compared to non-Hispanic whites. Significant variation is, however, evident with single-race Native Americans being the most disadvantaged. Furthermore, all of these racial groups of Native Americans have higher odds of relative and absolute poverty than comparable non-Hispanic whites, after taking into account age, gender, education, metropolitan status, and residential region. The analysis also finds variation in both absolute and relative poverty across the thirty-five tribal groups compared to the overall Native American rate. Although all of the 35 major tribal groups have higher poverty rates than non-Hispanic whites, significant variation nonetheless is evident suggesting the need for further research into various tribal affiliations and tribal economy.
4 35

Liebler 2004; 2010; Snipp 19891960 80 Passel 1997
68
Eschbach 1993; Eschbach, Supple and Snipp 1998; Liebler 2004 56670 Department of the Interior Bureau of Indian Affairs 2012
American Community SurveyACS American Indian or Alaska Native

Farley 1996; Gregory, Abello and Johnson 1997; Hunt et al. 2010; Sakamoto, Wu and Tzeng 2000; Sandefur and Sakamoto 1988; Snipp 1986; 19921980 Sandefur and McKinnell1986 Sandefur and McKinnell 1986 2000 Huyser, Sakamoto and Takei 2010
Snipp 1989
Liebler 2004; Snipp 1989 Liebler 2004; 2010; Sandefur and Liebler 1997; Snipp 1989

Brady 2003ACS
the income-to-needs ratio Sakamoto and Xie 2006
69
2006-2010ACS 3.26 1.63 1.0063 1.00
Iceland 2006


Bonilla-Silva 1996 Saenz and Morales 2005
Bonilla-Silva1996
Bonilla-Silva and Glover 2004:28 Feagin and Vera1995:7

Snipp 1989 Cornell and Kalt 1990, 1998 56637Department of the Interior Bureau of Indian Affairs 2012

70


2339 9.518.5
ACS ACS 35 2
5 1
2 “ ”
1RegionDivision


D.C.




71
2
0.0952 0.1852 9,933,063 18 0.1151 0.2185 2,191,133 0.0845 0.1663 4,831,818 0.1055 0.2036 5,101,245 0.2313 1 0.3901 1 227,303 18 0.2852 2 0.4658 2 75,384 0.2128 3 0.3664 3 109,055 0.2485 4 0.4121 4 118,248 0.2625 1 0.4331 1 122,439 0.1842 1 0.3300 1 78,656 0.2553 1 0.4135 1 9,948 0.2171 1 0.3579 1 16,260
0.2109 7 0.3485 6 1,030 0.3239 5 0.4995 5 3,153 0.3117 7 0.4730 6 1,052 0.2238 5 0.3758 5 14,548 0.3676 5 0.5444 5 536 0.1428 5 0.2833 5 1,075 0.2619 7 0.4398 6 5,454 0.1570 5 0.3211 5 4,670 0.2307 0.4034 642 0.2129 6 0.3477 5 2,250 0.3850 5 0.5746 5 485 0.2266 0.3677 6 2,331 0.2464 0.4472 5 2,567 0.3260 5 0.5151 5 16,805 0.2466 0.4091 7 784 0.3614 5 0.5247 5 965 0.1729 5 0.2927 5 999 0.2409 0.4161 3,687 0.2126 0.4135 712 0.4042 5 0.5647 5 4,875 0.1982 0.4052 802 0.3427 5 0.5876 5 802 0.2496 5 0.4165 5 14,689 0.1408 6 0.2707 5 762 0.2434 5 0.4403 5 5,145 0.1908 5 0.2730 5 435 0.2526 7 0.4404 949 0.3874 5 0.6153 5 424 0.3220 5 0.4958 5 1,107 0.2492 0.4327 457 0.2919 7 0.5295 5 333 0.3178 5 0.4934 5 359 0.2877 5 0.4701 5 623 0.2462 5 0.4187 5 20,568 2 0.2533 5 0.4238 5 3,177 0.1767 5 0.3558 793 0.2308 0.3760 2,394 1p<.001 5p<.001 2p<.001 6p<.01 3p<.001 7p<.05 4p<.001
72
18 2.42.1 2.32.0
2 8 1329 4047 62
2
3
226.6 2.2643.174 2.380 1.8592.868
8 2
2.359 135.91.898 2.9551.952
73

Brady 2003
2
3
3.266 *** 2.378 *** 2.965 *** 2.359 *** 2.264 *** 1.859 *** 2.126 *** 1.898 *** 3.174 *** 2.868 *** 2.864 *** 2.955 *** 2.380 *** 1.957 *** 2.025 *** 1.952 ***
0.899 *** 0.883 *** 1.001 *** 1.001 *** 0.440 *** 0.438 *** 0.463 *** 0.491 *** 0.367 *** 0.356 *** 0.226 *** 0.235 *** 0.148 *** 0.136 *** 0.098 *** 0.086 ***
0.754 *** 0.711 ***
0.897 *** 0.894 *** 0.969 *** 1.018 ** 0.988 1.028 *** 1.014 1.093 *** 1.016 * 1.038 *** 1.280 *** 1.322 *** 1.047 *** 1.100 *** 0.990 1.040 ***
0.004 0.104 0.004 0.128 anti-log *p<.05; **p<.01; ***p<.001
74
8 status marker

2000 Huyser, Sakamoto and Takei2010 ACS2009 Kim and Sakamoto 20082009ACS


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