შოთა რუსთაველის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტი

განათლების და მეცნიერებათა ფაკულტეტი

პედაგოგიკურ მეცნიერებათა დეპარტამენტი

ხათუნა ხალვაში

წერა ზოგადი განათლების საბაზო და საშუალო საფეხურზე

სპეციალობა – განათლების დიდაქტიკა

დისერტაცია

განათლების დოქტორის აკადემიური ხარისხის მოსაპოვებლად

სამეცნიერო ხელმძღვანელი ციალა მეგრელაძე

პედაგოგიკის მეცნიერებათა დოქტორი

ბათუმი-2011

S i n a a r s i

2

Sesavali

Tavi I _ werisadmi moTxovnebi zogadi ganaTlebis sabazo da

saSualo safexurze

$ 1. erovnuli saswavlo gegmis moTxovnebi werisadmი–––––––––––21

$ 2. weris swavleba/swavlis arsebuli viTareba. -------------------------- 42

Tavi II _ saswavlo procesis marTva weris zogadi kompetenciebis

miRwevisaTvis.

$ 1. weris zogadi kompetenciebis gansazRvra ------------------------------- 52

$ 2. weris swavleba/swavlis gakveTilebi --------------------------------------- 66

$ 3. weris strategiebis SerCeva ------------------------------------------------------ 88

$ 4. weris swavlebis koordinacia sagnobrivi kaTedris meSveobiT

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------122

Tavi III _ weris Sefaseba _ daxmareba moswavlis warmatebuli

Sedegis misaRwevad

$ 1. Sefasebis axali sistemis gamoyeneba weris Sefasebisas---------132

$ 2. weris Sefasebis da TviTSefasebis sqemebi, meTodebi, formebi.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------131

Tavi IV _ didaqtikur gamocdilebaze dafuZnebuli sacdeli

muSaobis Sedegebi.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------151

daskvnebi---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------169

gamoyenebuli literatura---------------------------------------------------------------------171

Sesavali

3

Temis aqtualoba: weris kultura pirovnebis inteleqtualuri da

SemoqmedebiTi warmatebis ganmsazRvrelia. zepiri da weriTi metyvelebis

Camoyalibeba iyo da aris saskolo cxovrebis aqilevsis qusli. bolo

periodSi dasaqmebis sxvadasxva sferoSi sakonkurso pirobebis erT-erTi

moTxovna mSobliur enaze zepiri da werilobiTi komunikaciebis

kompetenciis flobaa. amgvari tendencia aRiniSneba evropis dasaqmebis

sferoSic. dargobrivi kompetenciebis gamoyenebis saerTaSoriso kvlevis

SedegebiT (Tuningi, 2005) kompetenciaTa CamonaTvalSi upiratesoba mieniWa

kompetencias ,,mSobliur enaze werilobiTi formiT komunikacia”.

weris daufleba skolidan iRebs saTaves, aq SeZenili codna da

unari mTeli cxovrebis manZilze mihyveba adamians.

saSualo skolis erovnuli saswavlo gegma yvela saswavlo saganSi

iTvaliswinebs weriT davalebebs, xSirad weriTi samuSaosadmi

moTxovnebi erTnairia, rogorc saswavlo sagnis jgufSi Semaval

sagnebSi, aseve sxvadasxva jgufis sagnebSic. magaliTad, saqarTvelos

istoria, geografia da sxva sazogadoebrivi mecnierebebis jgufis

saswavlo gegma moicavs iseT davalebebs, rogoricaa movlenis aRwera,

mopovebuli informaciis safuZvelze moxsenebis dawera, proeqtis

Sedgena, sakuTari mosazrebis dasabuTebisaTvis statiis, Temis, mimarTvis,

gancxadebis dawera, problemis gadaWris gegmis Sedgena, recenzireba.

msgavsi weriTi davalebis moTxovna gvxvdeba saganTa jgufebSi:

,,sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebi”, ,,esTetikuri aRzrda”, ,,informaciuli

da sakomunikacio teqnologiebi”.

aRsaniSnavia, rom saswavlo sagnebis jgufebad gaerTianebis ,,mTavari

mizania mravalferovani sagnobrivi programis sistematizacia.

sagnobrivi jgufebi moicavs msgavsi miznebisa da Seswavlis sferoebis

mqone sagnebs” (erovnuli saswavlo gegma, 2007: 19).

erovnuli saswavlo gegmis meTodikis erT-erT ZiriTad orientirs

warmoadgens sagnebis integrirebuli swavleba.

skolaSi miRebuli gamocdileba, codna da unar-Cvevebi adamians unda

aZlevdes SesaZleblobas samyaro mTlianobaSi aRiqvas. Sesabamisad,

saswavlo sagnebi saSualo skolaSi iTvaliswinebs erTmaneTTan mWidro

kavSirs (erovnuli saswavlo gegma, 2007: 16).

4

amasTan, miTiTebulia, rom movlenebis sxvadasxva kuTxidan Sefaseba

xels uwyobs moswavleebSi kritikuli azrovnebis Camoyalibebas.

Tanamedrove skolaSi mkvidrdeba integrirebuli gakveTilebi. igi

mxardaWeras poulobs rogorc moswavleTa, ise maswavlebelTa mxridan,

rasac adasturebs integrirebuli gakveTilebis konkursebSi monawileTa

simravle ukanasknel wlebSi da internetSi ganTavsebuli gakveTilebis

aRwera.

swavlebis procesis srulyofisaTvis axal perspeqtivebs saxavs

saswavlo saqmianobebis ganmsazRvrelierT-erTi principi,_

,,mniSvnelovania ara marto ra iswavla moswavlem, aramed, rogor iswavla

da rogor SeuZlia am codnis gamoyeneba”(erovnuli saswavlo gegma, 2007:

178).

zogadi ganaTlebis erovnuli miznebis Sesabamisad, Sedegze

orientirebuli saswavlo procesi gulisxmobs moswavlis mier im

unarebis dauflebas, romlebic gamoadgeba sxvadasxva saganSi.axali

midgomebi qmnis saWiroebas, rom saswavlo sagnebis jgufebsa da

integrirebul swavlebaSi weris saerTo moTxovnebis Sesasruleblad

moswavle erT saganSi daeuflos weris im kompetencias, romelsac is

gamoiyenebs da ganaviTarebs sxva saganSi.

weris swavleba/swavla yvela saswavlo saganSi mimdinareobs, magram

ZiriTadi da mTavari qarTuli ena da literaturaa; amitom werasTan

dakavSirebul erovnuli saswavlo gegmis moTxovnebs upirvelesad

qarTuli enisa da literaturis magaliTze ganvixilavT.

qarTuli enisa da literaturis swavlebis procesSi SeZenili unari,

sasurvelia, gadaiqces axal unar-CvevaTa ganviTarebis wyarod danarCeni

sagnebisaTvis, miRweuli kompetenciis done vlindebodes pirovnul

aqtivobaSi, interaqtiul mimarTulebaSi, sakomunikacio iniciativaSi,

damoukidebel kritikul analizsa da warmatebis, ukeTesi Sedegebis

miRwevaSi.

qarTuli enisa da literaturis swavlebis erT-erT prioritetul

mizansa da amocanas warmoadgens: weriTi kulturis gamomuSaveba;

sxvadasxva daniSnulebis werilobiTi teqstis Seqmna; azrebisa da

damokidebulebebis gamoxatvis, enobriv-stilisturi saSualebebis,

5

marTlwerisa da punqtuaciis savaldebulo normebis daufleba;

sxvadasxva tipis teqstebis Sesaqmnelad Sesatyvisi stilis, sakvanZo

sityvebis SerCeva; naweris gasworeba-redaqtireba.

qarTuli enisa da literaturis saswavlo gegmaSi wera calke

mimarTulebadaa gamoyofili da gansazRvrulia swavlebis yvela

safexurisaTvis Sesaferisi weris misaRwevi standartebi. magaliTad,

dawyebiTi safexuri iTvaliswinebs, moswavle: nabeWdi teqstidan an

dafidan gadawers martiv winadadebebs, Txzavs martivi saxis

sakomunikacio da miznobriv teqstebs; iyenebs teqstis Casworebis martiv

xerxebs; gansazRvravs weriTi davalebis amocanas da irCevs funqciur

stils; sabazo safexuris moswavle: Txzavs sxvadasxva xasiaTis, miznisa

da daniSnulebis werilobiT teqstebs; werilobiT gadmoscems sakuTar

Tvalsazriss sadavo an problemur sakiTxebze; gansxvavebuli tipis

teqstebis Sesaqmnelad marTebulad iyenebs enobriv-gramatikul

struqturebsa da xerxebs; ajamebs gansxvavebul Sexedulebebs mocemul

sakiTxze; irCevs werilobiTi teqstis formasa da stils miznisa da

auditoriis gaTvaliswinebiT; saSualo safexuris moswavle: wers

saswavlo referats erTi an ramdenime wyaros mixedviT; adgens teqstis

konspeqts Sesabamisi wesebis dacviT; wers recenzias wakiTxul wignze an

mxatvrul nawarmoebze; wers gamokvlevas (mcire moculobis samecniero

naSroms) winaswar SerCeul Temaze.

es mcire amonaweric saswavlo gegmidan cxadyofs weris

standartebis mravalferovnebas, klasebis mixedviT izrdeba moTxovnebi.

udavoa, romqarTuli enisa da literaturis standartebis miRweuli

done sagnis specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT sasargebloa sxva sagnisaTvis.

magaliTad, XII klasi _ Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu moswavle: sxvadasxva

saxis teqstisaTvis (referati, gamokvleva) qmnis gegmas; agebs miznobriv

sqemas (ra aris Cemi mizani? ra masalas gamoviyeneb miznis misaRwevad?

rogori iqneba Cemi naweris formati? ra saxis problemebi SeiZleba

Semeqmnas da rogor SemeZleba maTi daZleva?); wers naSromis Sav

variantsda Semdeg gadaamuSavebs nawers, asworebs orTografiuli,

punqtuaciuri da qarTuli saliteraturo enis normebis mixedviT.

aRniSnuli standartis miRweviT qarTul enasa da literaturaSi

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moswavle iolad gaarTmevs Tavs iseTi tipis davalebebs istoriasa da

geografiaSi, rogoricaa: a)SeadareT erTmaneTs ori wyaro, romelic

gvawvdis gansxvavebul informacias erTsa da imave movlenasa Tu

pirovnebaze da werilobiT imsjeleT im faqtorebze, romlebmac

ganapirobes amgvari interpretaciebis arseboba. b)gaaanalizeT Tqven mier

Catarebuli kvlevis (kiTxvari, interviu) Sedegebi da werilobiT

CamoayalibeT daskvnebi, mag.: rogoria mosaxleobis azri garemos

dabinZurebis Sesaxeb; g)dawereT istoriuli Tema, gamoTqviT varaudi (mag.

riT aixsneba meore msoflio omis dros msxverplis aseTi didi

raodenoba mSvidobian mosaxleobaSi, rogor SeiZleboda msxverplis

acileba), Tqveni varaudi gaamyareT argumentaciiT, statistikiT.

bolo periodSi gansakuTrebiT warmoCinda saswavlo miznis

konkretulad dasaxvisa da misi miRwevis donis

SefasebisaTviskompetenciaTa gansazRvris problema.sirTuled miiCneva

mimarTuleba ,,weris” swavleba/swavlis xarisxiani SedegebisaTvis

gansaxorcielebeli saqmianobis Sesaferisi strategiebis, Sefasebis

formebis, meTodebis, sqemebis, aqtivobebis SerCeva. ar aris gansazRvruli

weris strategiebi integrirebuli swavlebis, saganTa Soris kavSirisa da

sxva saganSi gamoyenebisaTvis.

cxadi xdeba saWiroeba da sirTule im saqmianobisa, romelic

maswavlebelma da moswavlem unda ganaxorcielos weris standartis

misaRwevad.

zogadi ganaTlebis samive safexurze calkeul saganTa swavlebis

xarisxis amaRlebisaTvis kompetenciebis gansazRvris kvlevebs mieZRvna

saintereso naSromebi (potaSkini, 2002; qsezinova, 2001 da sxv.).

,,kompetenciis cnebam bevrad ufro mniSvnelovani adgili unda

daikavos ganaTlebis maRali xarisxis miRwevis problemaSi, vidre dRes

ukavia. am terminTa sxvadasxva mizezebis gamo jer kidev ver moikida fexi

pedagogTa da ganaTlebis marTvis organoTa warmomadgenlebis

cnobierebaSi” (z. cucqiriZe, n. orjonikiZe, 2002: 107).

sayuradReboa isic, rom kompetenciebis gansazRvra sul ufro met

yuradRebas ipyrobs, rac vlindeba samecniero konferenciebis TematikaSi,

saganmanaTleblo programebis kompetenciebis CarCoebsa da calkeul

7

gamokvlevebSi.

sagulisxmoa, rom axali saswavlo gegmis miRebamdec weris

kulturis daxvewa umniSnelovanes problemad rCeboda da mtkiced

dadgenili weriTi samuSaoebis sistema skolaSi xorcieldeboda

saqarTvelos ganaTlebis saministros specialuri instruqciisa da

miTiTebebis safuZvelze, riTac gansazRvruli iyo weriTi muSaobis

normebi, saxeebi da Sefasebis wesebi calkeuli klasebisaTvis.maTi dacva

savaldebulo iyo TiToeuli maswavleblisaTvis.weriT namuSevrebSi

daSvebul SecdomaTa raodenobis dadgenas, maT klasificirebas

tipobrivi kategoriebis (morfologiuri, sintaqsuri, stilisturi

orTografiuli, fonetikuri, punqtuaciuri da sxv.)mixedviT,gasworebas da

klasSi analizs weriTi muSaobis mTel sistemaSi mniSvnelovani adgili

eWira.

praqtikosi maswavleblebi bevrs muSaobdnen werasTan dakavSirebuli

problemebis aRmosafxvrelad, aqveynebdnen TavianTi gamocdilebis

amsaxvel masalebs. am mxriv sagulisxmoa nana mezurniSvilis mosazreba,

rom `tradiciuli swavlebis pirobebSi weris Cvevebis formirebis

xangrZlivi procesi aferxebs moswavleebSi weriTi metyvelebis

gamovlenisaTvis aucilebeli fsiqologiuri unarebis droulad

gamovlenasa da moqmedebas, ris gamoc weriTi metyvelebis

SesaZleblobebi mogvianebiT viTardeba. es sakiTxi dRemde ar yofila

specialuri kvlevis sagani” (n. mezurniSvili, J. `dawyebiTi skola da

skolamdeli aRzrda” #2, 1991: 52).

profesoriroza gabeCavamiiCnevs, rom,,saqmes aZnelebs moswavleTa

weriTi namuSevrebis analizisadmi sxvadasxvagvari midgoma. es

gvafiqrebinebs, rom jer kidev ara gvaqvs moswavleTa weriTi metyvelebis

donis Sefasebis mecnierulad dasabuTebuli kriteriumebi” (r. gabeCava,

1983: 35).

profesori akaki zoiZis ,,Txzulebis swavlebis meTodikaSi”

warmodgenili saxeebi, formebi, Tematika swavlebis sistema

TxzulebisasaSualebas gvaZlevs, swavlebisas gaviTvaliswinoT

tradiciuli meTodika inovaciasTan SeTanxmebiT, Tanamedrove pedagogiur

praqtikas SevufardoT is principebi, romelTac Cveni maswavleblebi

8

wlebis ganmavlobaSi iyenebdnen. vfiqrobT, swored aseTi midgomiT,

mravalferovani interaqtiuli meTodebis gamoyenebiT miiRweva is

standartebi, romelTac erovnuli saswavlo gegma gvTavazobs.yuradRebas

ipyrobs naSromSi warmodgenili individualuri da jgufuri muSaobis

formebi, racazrTa gacvla-gamocvlis, diskusiis, Secdomebis gasworebis,

Txzulebis Sinaarsis srulyofis, gegmis Sedgenis saukeTeso saSualebas

iZleva. ,,dauSvebelia mTeli klasi erTi meTodiT werdes Txzulebas, Tu

moswavleebs erT saerTo standartul gegmas mivawodebT, es xels

SeuSlis moswavlis Semoqmedebas, misi individualobis gamomJRavnebas.

bavSvebs unda SeeZloT individualurad Seadginon da mis Sesabamisad

gaSalon gegma.” (a. zoiZe, ,,Txzulebis swavlebis meTodika”, baTumi, 2005:

29).

profesori mariam TaboriZe miiCnevs, rom Txzulebis zepirad

gadmocema Txzulebis swavlebis aqtiuri xerxia, romelic moswavleTa

damoukidebeli azrovnebisa da zepiri Tu weriTi metyvelebis

ganviTarebis saukeTeso saSualebaa (m. TaboriZe, `saskolo weriTi

Txzuleba da misi swavlebis sakiTxebi ufros klasebSi, Tb. 1967: 87-88).

weris swavlebasTan dakavSirebul fsiqologiur sakiTxebs

ganixilavs arCil beriZe 1986 wels gamocemulnaSromSi `wera-kiTxvis

swavlebis procesSi kiTxvisa da weris urTierTobis problemebi”.

gasaziarebelia nino ustiaSvilis mosazreba, romelsac weris

saintereso formebTan erTad gvTavazobs gaz. `ganaTlebaSi” (#3-4 2001)

gamoqveynebul werilSi `moswavleTa weriT Txzulebaze muSaobis

sakiTxebi”: ,,dRes ramdenadme Seicvala specialistebis midgoma am

sakiTxebisadmi da Tanamedrove klasifikaciaSi tradiciul sakiTxTan

erTad damkvidrda literaturul JanrTan dakavSirebuli saxeebic:

statia, novela, narkvevebi, mcire moculobis literaturuli Janri”.

Jurnal ,,wignierSi” gamoqveynebuli statiebi: TamTa beriSvilis

`mimoweris dRiurebi” (2003, #2), irine kikvaZis ,,moswavleTa

Sefaseba”(2004, #7), raimonda iarenes ,,rogor davexmaroT moswavleebs

weriTi samuSaoebis gaanalizebaSi”(2003, #1)safuZvlad daedo werasTan

dakavSirebul Zalian saintereso aqtivobebs da mniSvnelovani gzamkvlevi

gaxda praqtikosi maswavleblisaTvis moswavleTa weriTi namuSevrebis

9

Sefasebisas.

eses werasTan dakavSirebul Zalian saintereso rekomendaciebs

gvTavazobs nikoloz CubiniZe statiaSi `rogor vweroT ese” (Jurnali

,,maswavlebeli” #1, 2010).

`sizuste da mizanmimarTuleba yoveli tipis TxzulebaSi es aris

drois racionalurad gamoyeneba, energiis ekonomia, esaa sistema,

romelsac daeufleba da gamoiyenebs is maswavlebeli, romelic naTlad

gaiazrebs yoveli tipis Txzulebis specifikas.” (m. a. ribnikova, ,,rCeuli

Txzulebebi”, moskovi, 1998: 403).

meTodikur literaturasa da profesiul Jurnal-gazeTebSi

ganixileboda werasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi, magram naSromebSi ar

Cans integrirebuli swavlebis sakiTxebi, weris zogadi kompetenciebis

miRwevis strategiebi.

1990-ian wlebSi saqarTvelos saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi daiwyo

ganxorcieleba sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso programebisa, sadacaqtiurad

ganixileboda sakiTxebi: ra aris weris codna, rogor swavloben

adamianebi weras, rogor aRweven SemoqmedebiT warmatebebs, rogor

fasdeba dasaxul saswavlo miznebsa da aTvisebul codnas Soris

Tanxvedris done.aRsaniSnavia, rom swavleba/swavlis axali midgomebis

Sesaxeb asociacia ,,skola-ojaxi-sazogadoeba” sasargeblo saqmianobas

eweva. aT welze metia maT mier ganxorcielebuli programebiT asobiT

maswavlebeli daeufla kiTxvisa da weris swavleba/swavlis inovaciur

meTodebsa da xerxebs. asociaciis mier (xelmZRvaneli paata papava)

gamocemuli meToduri rekomendaciebi ,,kiTxvisa da weris meTodebi”

friad saWiro gzamkvlevi aRmoCnda maswavleblisTvis. gansakuTrebulia

taras SavSiSvilis mier momzadebuli da Catarebuli treningebis

mniSvneloba. friad saintereso masalebi ibeWdeba Jurnal

,,maswavlebelSi” (mT. redaqtori nato ingoroyva), yuradRebas ipyrobs

Jurnal ,,wignierSi” (mT. redaqtori zviad miminoSvili) gamoqveynebuli

statiebi, saintereso gamocdilebaa ganTavsebuli internetSi veb

gverdebze:,,maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis

centri”(http://www.tpdc.ge/), ,,iswavle da aswavle

sxvas”(http://www.education.ge/),, ,,xelsayreli saswavlo garemo moswavlisa

10

da maswavleblisaTvis”(http://www.lemill.ge/),,,ganaTlebis xarisxis

ganviTarebis erovnuli centri” (http://www.nea.ge/), ,,irmis naxtomi”

(http://www.dlf.ge),da sxv.. maswavlebelTa inovaciuri saqmianobis

ganzogadebas gvTavazobs gazeTi ,,axali ganaTleba”, Seiqmna saleqcio

kursi ,,zepirmetyvelebis, kiTxvis, weris, gagebis strategiebi” (rsu 2008),

iqmneba axali proeqtebi weris kulturis srulyofisaTvis. gamoyeneba

hpova klasebis mixedviT saxelmZRvaneloebis Sesabamisma ,,maswavlebelTa

wignma”.

sakvlevi TemiT dainteresebas win uZRoda 2000 wlidan

swavleba/swavlis axali midgomebis danergvasTan dakavSirebiT sxvadasxva

miznobrivi treningebis gavla, pedagogiur konferenciebSi monawileoba,

saskolo grantis mopoveba, mowinave pedagogiuri gamocdilebis gacnoba,

saerTaSoriso programebSi (debatebSi) CarTva, internetresursebis

moZieba, daxarisxeba da danergva, ganaxlebuli meToduri

rekomendaciebiT muSaoba, moswavleebTan TanamSromlobiT ukeTesi gzebis

Zieba.

problemebs vawydebodi saSualo skolaSi praqtikul saqmianobaSi,

maswavlebelTa sasertifikacio gamocdebisaTvis mzadebis periodSi kidev

ufro mwvaved warmoCinda werasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi.

sertificirebul maswavleblebTan (nato uruSaZe, mayvala fedotova,

daviT CxaiZe, ana loria, naTia TavdgiriZe, irma vadaWkoria, lali

gogiCaiSvili, nana kakiaSvili, dali oqropiriZe) gasaubrebisas gairkva,

rom isinic xedaven werasTan dakavSirebul Seferxebas da misi mogvarebis

aucileblobas.

kvlevis mizani:

zogadi ganaTlebis sabazo da saSualo safexurze saswavlo gegmis

Sesabamisad integrirebuli swavlebisa da saganTSorisi kavSiris

ganxorcielebis xarisxis amaRleba, weris zogadi kompetenciebis

gansazRvra da misi miRwevis strategiebis, koordinirebis, Sefasebis

formebisa da meTodebis SerCeva.

kvlevis amocanebi:

1. erovnul saswavlo gegmaSi werisadmi moTxovnebis analizi da

11

weris swavlebis arsebuli viTarebis aRwera.

2. weris zogadi kompetenciebis Camoyalibeba da maTi dauflebisaTvis

saswavlo procesis organizacia, strategiebis SerCeva da gamoyeneba.

3. moswavleTa warmatebuli Sedegis miRwevisaTvis weris Sefasebisa

da TviTSefasebis formebisa da meTodebis gansazRvra;

4. didaqtikur gamocdilebaze dafuZnebuli sacdeli muSaobis

Sedegebis mixedviT modelebis Seqmna.

kvlevis meTodebi:

wyaroebis analizi, interviu, SedarebiTi analizi, sacdeli muSaoba,

modelireba, dakvirveba, gamocdilebis Seswavla, kvlevis angariSi,

monacemTa analizi, internetresursebis moZieba, daxarisxeba da

gamoyeneba, statistikuri cxrilebi.

kvlevis meTodologia iTvaliswinebs kvlevis miznis Sesabamisad

sagnisa da problemis mixedviT sakvlevi faqtorebis Camoyalibebas da

Sesabamisi indikatorebis gansazRvras. kvleviTi strategiis ZiriTadi

komponentebia raodenobrivi da Tvisobrivi kvleva. meTodologia moicavs

kvlevis meTodebis aRweras Semdegi maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT: meTodi,

sandooba, validuroba da standartizacia, samizne jgufi da

sakontrolo jgufi, monacemebis damuSaveba, kvlevis etapebis gamoyofa

da mimdinareobis organizacia.

kvlevis Sedegebis sandoobisaTvis sqemebi, intervius kiTxvebi,

statistikuri monacemebi ganxilul iqna respodentebTan;

validurobisaTvis cxrilebis analizis, intervius, dakvirvebis Sedegebi

rekomendaciebis SemuSavebamde gaecno Sesabamis jgufebs,

gaTvaliswinebul iqna maTi kritikuli SeniSvnebi, winadadebebi.

kvlevis materialur-teqnikuri baza _ rsu-s biblioTeka, ganaTlebis

fakultetis, baTumis sajaro biblioTekebi, internetresursebi, baTumis

ganaTlebis resurscentris biblioTeka, videoTeka, baTumis #21 sajaro

skola.

kvlevis hipoTeza: weriszogadi kompetenciebis gansazRvra da misi

miRwevis saSualebebis efeqtianad gamoyeneba uzrunvelyofs weris kargad

dauflebas, xels Seuwyobs saswavlo saganTa kavSirisa da

integrirebuli swavlebis xarisxis amaRlebas.

12

kvlevis mecnieruli siaxle:

ganisazRvra sabazo da saSualo safexurze erovnuli saswavlo

gegmis Sesabamisad saswavlo saganTa jgufSi Semavali sagnebisa da sxva

jgufis sagnebis msgavsi saswavlo miznebis misaRwevi weris zogadi

kompetenciebi, rac xels Seuwyobs saganTSorisi kavSiris ganxorcielebas

integrirebuli swavlebis xarisxis amaRlebisaTvis. saTanado principebis

gamoyenebiT SeirCa weris kompetenciebis miRwevisaTvis weris strategiebi,

Sefasebisa da TviTSefasebis formebi, sqemebi; ganisazRvra sagnobrivi

kaTedris saqmianobis formebi weris koordinaciisaTvis.

kvlevis praqtikuli mniSvneloba: kvlevis Sedegebi warmodgenilia

modelebis, sqemebis, nimuSebis, rekomendaciebis saxiT, rac zrdis maTi

praqtikuli gamoyenebis xarisxs.

kvlevis Sedegebis perspeqtiuli gamoyenebis sferos warmoadgens:

zogadi ganaTlebis sabazo da saSualo safexuris qarTuli enisa da

literaturis maswavleblebi. naSromSi warmodgenili masalebi

daexmareba ganaTlebis fakultetis studentebs seminarebis momzadebasa

da pedagogiuri praqtikis warmarTvaSi.

dasacavad gamosatani sakiTxebi:

erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli meTodikis ZiriTadi

orientirebi _ sagnebis integrirebuli swavleba, aqcenti mravalmxriv

perspeqtivaze, saswavlo sagnebis jgufebad gaerTianeba _ ganapirobebs

weris zogadi kompetenciebis gansazRvris aucileblobas.

weris zogadi kompetenciebis gansazRvra xels uwyobs erT saganSi

SeZenili codnis, unarebis, SesaZleblobebis gadatanasa da gamoyenebas

sxva saganSi axali codnis miRebisa da ganviTarebisaTvis.

weris zogad kompetenciebze daufleba ZiriTadad mimdinareobs

qarTuli enisa da literaturis saswavlo gegmis mimarTuleba ,,weriT”

gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnebis Sesabamisad.

weris zogadi kompetenciebis dasaufleblad swavlebis organizebis

formebia: gakveTili, klasgareSe muSaoba. weris kompetenciebis miRweva

SesaZlebelia gakveTilze, romlis ZiriTadi mizania: a) weris

kompetenciis daufleba; b) weris kompetenciis miRweuli Sedegis

Semowmeba; g) gakveTilis procesSi weriTi aqtivobis CarTva.

13

klasgareSe saqmianobis formebia: sagnobrivi wre, klasis saaTi,

eqskursia, gasvliTi saganmanaTleblo seminarebi.

weris zogadi kompetenciebis miRwevisaTvis strategiebis SerCevis

principebia:

weris strategiebis saswavlo mizanTan Sesabamisoba;

weris strategiebis sxva saganSi gamosadegianobis gaTvaliswineba

swavleba / swavlisas;

moswavlis momzadeba weris strategiebis miznobrivad, efeqturad

gamoyenebisaTvis.

weris strategiebis gamoyeneba ar iwvevdes moswavlis

gadatvirTvas;

saswavlo saganTa jgufSi Semavali da sxva jgufis sagnebSi weris

kompetenciebis miRwevis koordinireba ganxorcieldeba sagnobrivi

kaTedris meSveobiT.

Sefasebisas sandoobis, validurobis, obieqturobis, gamWvirvalobis

dacva, saswavlo miznis Sesabamisi Sefasebisa da TviTSefasebis formebis,

meTodebis, cxrilebisa, sqemebis gamoyeneba ganapirobebs moswavlis

swavlis ukeTesi Sedegis miRwevas.

weris gakveTilebis modelebis Seqmna saSualebas iZleva warmoCindes

inovaciuri pedagogiuri saqmianoba, gaziarebul iqnas gamocdileba, xeli

Seewyos ukeTesi variantebis Seqmnas.

disertaciis struqtura: disertacia Sedgeba oTxi Tavis, rva

paragrafis, daskvnebisa da literaturis dasaxelebisagan.

disertaciis mokle Sinaarsi:

pirveli Tavis, _ ,,werisadmi moTxovnebi zogadi ganaTlebis sabazo

da saSualo safexurze”, pirvel paragrafSi ,,werisadmi moTxovnebi

erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixedviT”, ganxilulia qarTuli enisa da

literaturis saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnebi weriTi

metyvelebis gamomuSavebisaTvis.

analizis Sedegad garkveulia, rom saswavlo saganTa jgufebSi

Semaval da sxva jgufis sagnebis saswavlo gegmebSi gaTvaliswinebulia

weriTi samuSaoebi, romelTa Sesasruleblad aucilebelia qarTuli

14

enisa da literaturis saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli standartebis

floba.

msgavsi miznebi da moTxovnebi werasTan mimarTebaSi warmoqmnis yvela

sagnisaTvis saWiro misaRwevi Sedegebisa da saSualebebis gansazRvris

aucileblobas, rac qmnis weris zogadi kompetenciebis gansazRvris

saWiroebas.

meore paragrafSi, ,,weris swavleba/swavlis arsebuli viTarebis

analizi”, sagnobrivi saswavlo gegmis mixedviT mimdinare saqmianoba da

werisadmi damokidebuleba Seswavlilia uSualod saswavlo procesze

dakvirvebiT; maswavleblebsa da moswavleebTan orsafexuriani intervius

CatarebiT. kvlevis Sedegad dadgenilia, rom weris swavleba/swavlis

mimarTebiT skolebSi mimdinareobs saintereso saqmianoba, maswavleblebs

garkveuli warmatebebi aqvT mopovebuli, amasTan, ar aris weris

swavlebisadmi sistemuri midgoma. moswavleebs gacnobierebuli ara aqvT

erT saganSi miRebuli codnis meore saganSi miznobrivi gamoyenebis

SesaZlebloba. xSirad moswavleebma ician, rogor weron, magram ar ician

risTvis da ra SedegisaTvis.

ganxilulia qarTuli enisa da literaturis saxelmZRvaneloebis

mixedviT gamocemuli ,,maswavleblis wigni”. isini miCneulia mniSvnelovan

meTodur damxmared, magram weriTi samuSaoebi ZiriTadad gansazRvrulia

saSinao davalebad Sesasruleblad. ar aris miTiTebuli weris miRweuli

Sedegebis da sxva saganSi gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba.

meore Tavis ,,saswavlo procesis marTva weris zogadi kompetenciebis

miRwevisaTvis” pirvel paragrafSi ,,weris kompetenciebis gansazRvra”

gaanalizebulia cneba ,,kompetenciasTan” dakavSirebuli ganmartebebi,

axsnilia saskolo ganaTlebaSi kompetenciebis gansazRvris problemebi;

miTiTebulia, rom saswavlo gegmaSi saswavlo sagnebi dajgufebulia

msgavsi miznebisa da Seswavlis saWiroebebis mqone sagnebis mixedviT,

saganTa jgufebSi gaerTianebuli sagnebis swavleba/swavlis maRali

xarisxis miRwevisaTvis saWiroa rogorc sagnobrivi, aseve zogadi saerTo

miznebis miRwevis donis gansazRvra. im saSualebebisa da strategiebis

floba, romelic xels Seuwyobs swavlis sasurveli Sedegis miRebas.

15

gaanalizebulia kvlevis Sedegebi, romlis mixedviT ganisazRvra

iseTi zogadi kompetenciebi, romelic gamosadegia saswavlo saganTa erT

jgufSi Semavali sagnebis an sxva jgufis sagnebis msgavsi saswavlo

miznebis miRwevis, saganTSorisi kavSiris ganxorcielebisa da

integrirebuli swavlebisaTvis.

mocemulia weris zogadi kompetenciebis CamonaTvali.

meore paragrafSi ,,weris swavleba/swavlis gakveTilebi” ganxilulia

gakveTilis tipebis sxvadasxva klasifikacia, Sexedulebebi.

gaanalizebulia weris kompetenciis miRwevisaTvis variantebi: wera

CarTulia gakveTilis dagegmvaSi; gakveTilis mizania weris kompetenciis

daufleba; gakveTilis mizania weris kompetenciis miRweuli donis

Sefaseba (mimdinare da Semajamebeli wera); wera saSinao davalebis

Sesrulebisas.

mocemulia Sesabamisi gakveTilebis gegma-scenaris normebi.

sasurveladaa miCneuli erTi semestris gegma scenaris ganTavseba

saskolo kompiuterSi.

miTiTebulia weris kompetenciebis miRwevisaTvis efeqturi

gakveTilis tipebi: gakveTili-miuzikli, gakveTili Ria qseliT,

gakveTili-preskonferencia, kino-gakveTili, gasvliTi saganmanaTleblo

seminari.

mesame paragrafSi ,,weris strategiebis SerCeva” gansazRvrulia

weris strategiebis SerCevis principebi: saswavlo mizanTan Sesabamisoba;

sxva saganSi gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba; moswavlis mzadyofna strategiis

efeqtianad gamoyenebisaTvis, ar gamoiwvios moswavleTa gadatvirTva.

warmodgenilia weris strategiebis ganmartebebisa da nimuSebis

CvenebiT.

meoTxe paragrafSi, ,,weris swavlebis koordinacia sagnobrivi

kaTedris meSveobiT”, ganxilulia sagnobrivi kaTedrebis saqmianobis

kvalifikaciis amaRlebis RonisZiebani: treningebi, seminarebi, leqcia

SekveTiT.

SemoTavazebulia gamocdilebis gaziarebis formebi: Ria gakveTili,

Sexvedra-dialogi, maswavleblis profesiuli portreti.

16

mocemulia maswavlebelTa gunduri TanamSromlobisaTvis

sagnobrivi kaTedris samoqmedo gegmaSi CasarTvelad da weris

gakveTilebis moklevadiani gegma-scenaris dagegmvisaTvis Tematika, weris

saxeebi, wyaroebi.

mesame Tavis ,,weris Sefaseba _ daxmareba moswavlis warmatebuli

Sedegis misaRwevad” pirvel paragrafSi ,,Sefasebis axali sistemis

gamoyeneba weris Sefasebisas” ganxilulia ganmaviTarebeli da

ganmsazRvreli Sefasebis formebis gamoyenebis principebis _ sandooba,

validuroba, obieqturoba, gamWvirvaloba, dacvis pirobebi.

miTiTebulia, rom ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebisas maswavlebeli

exmareba moswavles rCeviT, rekomendaciiT, problemis gadaWris gzis

CvenebiT, Zlieri da susti mxareebis gamovleniT da sxva.

ganmsazRvreli Sefasebisas gasaTvaliswinebelia moswavlis

miRweuli donis saswavlo mizanTan Sesabamisoba.

orive saxis Sefasebis gamoyenebis mizani moswavlisadmi daxmarebaa,

aucilebelia moswavle winaswar icnobdes Sefasebis mizans da

kriteriumebs.

meore paragrafSi, ,,weris Sefasebis da TviTSefasebis sqemebi,

meTodebi, formebi”, mocemulia moswavleTa weriTi namuSevrebis

Sefasebis sqemebi, sxvadasxva formebi.

aRniSnulia, rom SefasebisaTvis aucilebelia komponentebis

gamoyofa da Sesabamisi kriteriumebis SerCeva.

ganxilulia TviTSefasebis sqemebi, erovnul gamocdebze

gamoyenebuli Sefasebis cxrilebi, moswavleTa waxalisebis formad

miCneulia moswavleTa weraSi miRwevebis popularizacia.

meoTxe TavSi, ,,didaqtikur gamocdilebaze dafuZnebuli sacdeli

muSaobis Sedegebi“, aRniSnulia, rom moswavleTa SemoqmedebiTi

siaxleebiT swavlebis didaqtikuri gamocdilebisaTvis maswavlebelTa

daxelovnebis institutebis saqmianoba

aRniSnulia sacdeli muSaobis ganxorcielebis pirobebi, romlis

drosac gamoyenebul iqna modelebi. moewyo modelebis gamoyenebis Cveneba

Ria mecadineobebze, Sexvedra-dialogebze. SeniSvnebis, miTiTebebis,

17

rCevebis, winadadebebis gaTvaliswinebiT damuSavda gaumjobesebuli

varianti.

sacdeli muSaobis Sedegebis mixedviT dasabuTebulia weris

kompetenciebis gaanalizebis saWiroeba saganTSorisi kavSirisa da

integrirebuli swavlebis xarisxis amaRlebisaTvis.

warmodgenilia gamocdilebiT Semowmebuli modelebi, sagakveTilo

procesSi, sawreo muSaobisa da klasis saaTze gamosayeneblad.

aRwerilia sacdeli muSaobis Sefasebis kvleva dadebiTi SedegebiT.

sacdeli muSaobis mizani iyo qarTuli enisa da literaturis

gakveTilebze weris zogadi kompetenciebis miRweva da misi gamoyeneba

integrirebuli swavleba/swavlis procesSi.

amocanebi: qarTuli enisa da literaturis gakveTilebze weris

zogadi kompetenciebis miRwevis gamocdilebis aRwera;

weris zogadi kompetenciebis integrirebuli swavleba/swavlis

procesSi gamoyenebis gamocdilebis efeqturobis gansazRvra.

weris zogadi kompetenciebis ganviTareba skolisgareSe saqmianobaSi

sacdeli muSaobis Sedegebis mixedviT sacdeli muSaobis periodSi

gamarTlda winaswari varaudi.

weris kompetenciebis daufleba SesaZlebeli gaxda saswavlo gegmiT

gaTvaliswinebuli saaTebis farglebSi, programuli masalis

Seswavlisas, raime damatebiTi datvirTva saWiro ar gamxdara.

weris kompetenciebis dauflebisa da gamoyenebisaTvis gamosadegia

saswavlo miznis Sesabamisad SerCeuli weris strategiebi, aqtivobebi,

Sefasebis formebi.

weris kompetenciebis gamoyeneba amaRlebs integrirebuli swavlebis

efeqturobas, rac gamoixata SemdegSi:

moswavleebma SeZenili codna gamoiyenes axali codnis misaRebad;

amaRlda moswavleTa aqtiurobis done saswavlo procesSi; xeli Seewyo

motivaciis, interesis gazrdas, SesaZleblobebis srulad gamovlenas;

miviReT swavlis ukeTesi Sedegi; Semcirda davalebebis SesrulebisaTvis

daxarjuli dro, rogorc saswavlo procesSi, aseve Sin damoukidebeli

muSaobisas.

18

winaswari varaudisagan gansxvavebiT miviReT axali Sedegi:

weris kompetenciebi sasargeblo aRmoCnda sxva sagnebisTvis, maT mier

dasaxuli saswavlo miznis misaRwevad.

sacdel muSaobaSi gakveTilis modelebis gamoyenebam xeli Seuwyo

saswavlo procesis organizaciis xarisxis amaRlebas, mkafio da naTeli

gaxada Catarebuli saqmianobis msvleloba, gzamkvlevi aRmoCnda

gamocdilebis gasaziareblad.

mocemulia gamocdilebiT Semowmebuli modelebi: sagakveTilo

procesSi, sawreo muSaobis, klasis saaTebze gamosayeneblad.

aRwerilia sacdeli muSaobis Sefasebis kvleva, romlis Sedegebis

mixedviT aqamde mimdinare da sacdel muSaobaSi gansxvaveba gamoixata:

mkafiod gamoikveTeba weriT misaRwevi Sedegi da ara ,,wera werisTvis” an

,,wera qulebisTvis”. weriTi davalebis Sesasruleblad mieTiTeba forma

da strategia. weriTi davalebis Sesruleba moswavleebisaTvis iyo

saintereso, motivirebuli, TiTqmis yvelas hqonda daweris survili.

masalebis saSualebiT moswavleebma gaacnobieres, Tu weren, romel

kompetencias iyeneben, euflebian, ganaviTareben; miRweuli erTi

kompetenciiT sxvadasxva saganSi asruleben davalebebs. modelebi

gakveTilis dagegmvisaTvis sasargebloa, radgan xeli Seewyo axali

gakveTilisTvis momzadebis process. modelebisagan Seqmnes maswavleblis

portfolio. SemoTavazebul winadadebebSi gamoikveTa survili, rom

instruqtaJi asaxuliyo modelSi.

kvlevis Sedegad gakeTebulia daskvnebi:

sabazo da saSualo skolaSi arsebuli viTarebis Seswavla

cxadyofs, rom wera yvela saswavlo sagnis mniSvnelovani aqtivobaa,

romlis dauflebisaTvis mimdinareobs saintereso muSaoba da rig

maswavleblebs warmatebuli gamocdileba aqvT. magram umetes SemTxvevaSi

weriT misaRwevi Sedegebis gansazRvra da erT saganSi miRebuli unarisa

da codnis sxva saganSi gacnobierebuli gamoyeneba ar xdeba. weriTi

davalebebi ZiriTadad sruldeba saSinao davalebebis saxiT.

weris zogadi kompetenciebis gansazRvris aucileblobas

ganapirobebs erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli meTodikis

ZiriTadi orientirebi: sagnebis integrirebuli swavleba, aqcenti

19

mravalmxriv perspeqtivaze, saswavlo sagnebis jgufebad gaerTianeba,

saganTa Soris mWidro kavSiris ganxorcieleba

naSromSi kvlevis Sedegad SemuSavebulia weris zogadi kompetenciebi

sabazo da saSualo safexurisaTvis:

informaciis mravalferovani wyaroebis gamoyenebiT wera;

naweris efeqturi organizeba;

dakvirvebis Sedegebis CaniSvna, Canawerebis da monaxazebis

gakeTeba;

weriTi metyvelebis, grafikebis, cxrilebis, diagramebis, sqemebis

gamoyeneba-gaanalizeba;

konceptualuri informaciis, Tezisebis amowera;

sakuTari azrisa da grZnobebis werilobiT gamoxatva;

problemis gadasaWrelad saWiro weriTi strategiebisa da

resursebis SerCeva, maTi gamoyeneba da efeqtianobis monitoringi;

gansazRvrul droSi wera;

sakvanZo sityvis SerCeva da imis mixedviT azris werilobiT

Camoyalibeba;

sxvadasxva saxis sakomunikacio werilebis Sedgena (informaciuli,

sakuTari Sexedulebebis gamomxatveli, problemis mosagvarebeli);

Tavisufali wera; ese;

weris formisa da stilis arCeva teqstis miznisa da auditoriis

gaTvaliswinebiT (samecniero, publicisturi, mxatvruli, oficialuri);

wera moulodnel Temebze, nanaxsa da gancdilze;

kritikuli Tvalsazrisis gamoxatva da dasabuTeba;

akademiuri wera;

werilobiTi angariSis momzadeba;

gegmis, scenaris, proeqtis dawera;

enobriv-gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebis gamoyenebiT wera;

sakuTari da sxvebis Semoqmedebis daxasiaTeba, interpretireba;

sakuTari SesaZleblobebisa da miRwevebis swori Sefaseba;

prezentaciisaTvis moxsenebis momzadeba.

20

weris zogadi kompetenciebis gansazRvra xels uwyobs erT saganSi

miRebuli codnis, unarebis, SesaZleblobebis gamoyenebas sxva saganSi

axali codnis miRebisa da ganviTarebisaTvis. exmareba moswavles

gaacnobieros, ra Sedegi aqvs misaRwevi, rogor iswavlos, rogor

moixmaros dauflebuli codna da unari momavalSi.

weris zogadi kompetenciebis daufleba ZiriTadad mimdinareobs

qarTuli enisa da literaturis gakveTilze saswavlo gegmis

mimarTuleba ,,weriT” gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnebis Sesabamisad,

kompetenciaTa ganviTareba xdeba sxva sagnobrivi jgufisa da

integrirebul gakveTilze.

weris kompetenciebis miRwevisaTvis swavlebis organizaciis

formebia: gakveTili, klasgareSe muSaoba.

gakveTilze wera SesaZlebelia Semdegi variantiT:

a) wera CarTulia gakveTilis msvlelobis dagegmvaSi;

b)gakveTilis erT-erTi mizania weris kompetenciis miRweva

strategiebis gamoyenebiT;

g)weris kompetenciis miRweuli donis Sefaseba (mimdinare an

Semajamebeli wera); d) saSinao davalebis Sesruleba.

weris zogadi kompetenciebis ganviTarebis gakveTilgareSe muSaobis

formebia: sagnobrivi wreebi, klasis saaTi, eqskursia, gasvliTi

saganmanaTleblo seminari.

saswavlo saganTa jgufSi Semaval da sxva jgufis sagnebis

maswavlebelTa mier weris kompetenciebis miRwevis swavlebis efeqturi

saSualebaa sagnobrivi kaTedra. misi meSveobiT xorcieldeba

maswavlebelTaA TanamSromloba, weris kompetenciebis swavleba/swavlis

dagegmvis, axali midgomebis gamoyenebis, kvalifikaciis amaRlebis

RonisZiebani.

didaqtikuri gamocdilebis mixedviT weris gakveTilis modelebis

Seqmnam warmoaCina inovaciuri pedagogiuri gamocdileba, xeli Seuwyo

ukeTesi variantebis Seqmnas.

weris zogadi kompetenciebis miRwevisaTvis saWiro strategiebis

SerCevis principebia:

weris strategiebis saswavlo mizanTan Sesabamisoba;

21

weris strategiebis swavleba / swavla iTvaliswinebs sxva saganSi

mis gamosadegianobas;

moswavlis mzadyofna SeZlos weris strategiebis miznobrivad,

efeqtianad gamoyeneba

weris strategiebis gamoyeneba ar iwvevdes moswavlis gadatvirTvas;

strategiebis gamoyeneba exmareba moswavles kompetenciis dauflebasa

da swavlis sasurveli Sedegis miRwevaSi; xels uwyobs saswavlo

procesSi aqtiurobasa da Sin da sxva situaciaSi damoukidebeli

muSaobis warmarTvas.

weris miRweuli kompetenciis donis gansazRvrisas Sefasebis

principebis (sandooba, validuroba, obieqturoba, gamWvirvaloba)

dasacavad gamoiyeneba ganmaviTarebeli da ganmsazRvreli Sefasebis

sistema. saswavlo miznis da amocanis Sesabamisi Sefasebisa da

TviTSefasebis formebis, meTodebis, cxrilebisa da sqemebis gamoyeneba

ganapirobebs swavleba / swavlis procesSi moswavlis daxmarebis ukeTesi

Sedegis miRwevas.

Tavi I _ werisadmi moTxovnebi zogadi ganaTlebis sabazo da

saSualo safexurze

$ 1. erovnuli saswavlo gegmis moTxovnebi werisadmi

weris swavlebis problema yovelTvis mwvaved idga saskolo

ganaTlebis winaSe. qarTuli enisa da literaturis programebSi ,,wera”

calke mimarTulebad ar ganixileboda, magram werisadmi moTxovnebi

ganfenili iyo klasebis mixedviT.

programa (1988) gvTavazobs zogad instruqcias: winaswar gairkves

weriTi samuSaos saxeebi, saklaso da sakontrolo weriTi muSaobis

xangrZlivoba, naweris moculoba, rveulis raodenoba qarTul enaSi.

22

miTiTebulia, agreTve, rveulis garekanis gaformebisa da weriTi

namuSevris gasworebisaTvis erTiani formebis (niSnebis, simbolikis)

gamoyenebisa da naweris gasworebis sakiTxebi,

moswavleTa weriTi metyvelebis kulturis sworad warmarTvisadmi

kontrolis gaZlierebis moTxovna ganpirobebuli iyo upirvelesad imiT,

rom qarTul enasa da literaturaSi damamTavrebeli klasebis

moswavleTa akademiuri warmateba ganisazRvreboda sagamocdo weriTi

namuSevrebis Sedegebis mixedviT. skolas gaaCnda sakontrolo

samuSaoebis ganrigi TiToeul klasSi, yovel meoTxedSi Tu semestrSi,

romlis Tanaxmadac, erT dRes SeiZleboda Catarebuliyo mxolod erTi

weriTi sakontrolo muSaoba, kviraSi _ araumetes orisa. weriTi

sakontrolo samuSaos Sedegebi unda gascnoboda moswavleebs Semdeg

gakveTilze daSvebuli Secdomebis analiziTa da imis miTiTebiT, Tu

rogor aRmoifxvras igi.

meToduri rekomendaciebiT ,,qarTuli literaturis gakveTilebis

Tematuri dagegmva da weriTi samuSaoebis Tematika” (1980), zustad iyo

gaTvlili TiToeul klasSi saSinao, saklaso Tu sakontrolo werebis

raodenoba da Temebi semestrebis mixedviT, weriTi namuSevrebis

moculoba.

yuradReba eTmoboda weriTi namuSevris Sefasebis sakiTxebs.

maswavlebeli iyenebda Sefasebis erTian kriteriumebs, sadac

gansazRvruli iyo codnis ZiriTadi xarisxobrivi maCvenebeli. ,,arsebuli

sistema marTlac ar aris moklebuli subieqturobas niSnis daweris

sakiTxebSi. amitom pedagogiur literaturaSi profesorebi: Salva

amonaSvili, vladimer bespalki, vladimer polonski da sxvebi sul

ufro met yuradRebas uTmoben moswavleTa codnis Sefasebis

racionaluri gzebis Ziebas, rac SesaZleblobas mogvcemda codnis

unarisa da Cvevebis obieqturi SefasebisaTvis”(a. gobroniZe, 2000: 232).

maswavlebelTa yrilobis (1982) gadawyvetilebiT dauSves VIII klasis

praqtikuli stilistikis, IX klasis weriTi metyvelebis ganviTarebis

fakultaturi kursebi.

respublikis saxalxo ganaTlebis ZiriTad mimarTulebad 1984-1985

saswavlo wlisaTvis qarTuli enisa da literaturis maswavlebelTa

23

meToduri muSaobis erT-erT mTavar miznad daisaxa: moswavleTa weriTi

metyvelebis dabali donis mizezebis dadgena da maTi daZlevis gzebis

Zieba, SedarebiT rTuli Temebis swavleba.

ganaTlebis saministros skolebis sammarTvelom meToduri centris

Sesabamis ganyofilebasa da swavlebis meTodikaTa seqtorTan erTad

SeimuSava ,,meTodikuri miTiTebani qarTul enasa da literaturaSi

weriTi muSaobis saxeebis raodenobisa da Sefasebis normebis Sesaxeb”.

SemuSavda weriTi metyvelebis ganviTarebis fakultaturi programa IX

klasisaTvis.

miuxedavad cvlilebebisa, romelsac axorcielebda saxelmwifo

skolis cxovrebaSi, mkveTrad gauaresda codnis SeZenisadmi moswavleTa

damokidebuleba. saswavlo Sinaarsis gansazRvra-dozirebaSi daSvebulma

Secdomebma, maswavleblis Sromis normirebisa da reglamentirebis

tendenciam Seqmna saswavlo procesis gardaqmnis aucilebloba.

cxovrebam wamoWra diferencirebuli swavlebis aucileblobis

sakiTxi. i. gogebaSvilis saxelobis pedagogiur mecnierebaTa samecniero-

kvleviTi institutis (xelmZRvaneli l. Ciqvanaia) iniciativiT 1989 wels

gaixsna profiluri klasebi. saganTa integrirebisa da axali sagnebis

SemoReba daeqvemdebara maprofilebel saganTa ciklis interesebs.

humanitaruli profilis klasebSi iswavleboda praqtikuli stilistika

da sxv.

humanitaruli profilis qarTuli enisa da literaturis swavleba

miznad isaxavda weriTi kulturis amaRlebas, wignze damoukideblad

muSaobis unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebas. moswavles moeTxoveboda gamarTuli

wera, nawarmoebis mxatvrul-esTetikur analizSi daxelovneba, sakuTari

damokidebulebis warmoCena. moswavles mieca arCevanis Tavisufleba.

moswavlis weriTi metyvelebis kulturis amaRleba, leqsikis

gamdidreba, stilis daxvewa aTeuli wlebis manZilze idga da dResac

dgas upirveles amocanad.

weris problemebTan dakavSirebiT mecnierTa (a. Tofuria, r. gabeCava,

m. CinCalaZe, m. ramiSvili, a, beriZe, da sxv.) mier Seqmnilia mravali

saintereso naSromi, romelTa roli da mniSvneloba didia

TanamedroveobisaTvis.

24

weriTi metyvelebis kulturis ganviTarebasTan dakavSirebul

gamokvlevebSi sakiTxi sxvadasxva aspeqtiT ganixileba: zepiri da weriTi

metyvelebis urTierTmimarTeba, weriTi metyvelebis Taviseburebani,

weriTi metyvelebis procesi _ ganviTarebis gza, weriTi metyvelebis

done, namuSevrebis analizi formalur-gramatikuli niSnebiT an

logikuri kategoriebiT, azrovnebis enisa da metyvelebis

urTierTmimarTeba da a. S.

weriTi metyvelebis swavlebis procesSi dasaZlevi problema iyo: ra

winapiroba unda Seiqmnas imisaTvis, rom moswavlem ara marto ganicados

movlena, aramed SeeZlos misi mxatvrulad gadmocema.

weris problemebs did yuradRebas uTmobda pedagogiuri presa, sadac

ibeWdeboda praqtikos maswavlebelTa mosazrebebi. am mimarTebiT

gamoirCeoda Jurnali ,,qarTuli ena da literatura skolaSi” (Semdgom

,,balavari”).

pedagogiur kiTxvebsa da konferenciebze ganixileboda werasTan

dakavSirebuli xarvezebi. magaliTad, 1983w. _ moswavleTa weriT

namuSevrebSi vawydebiT Semdegi saxis xarvezebs: nawarmoebis mxatvruli

mxare an sruliad ugulebelyofilia, an masze dakvirveba xdeba

Sinaarsisagan izolirebulad, nawarmoebis Seswavlis daskvniT

safexurze. am naklis daZlevaSi skolas saTanado daxmarebas ver uwevs

saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebi. ar aris SemuSavebuli literaturis

saxelmZRvaneloTa agebis erTiani pedagogiuri principi, rac, Tavis mxriv,

uaryofiT gavlenas axdens swavlebis procesze.

aqve aRsaniSnavia erTi garemoeba: reformamdel skolaSi pirveli

klasidan skolis damTavrebamde swavlobdnen qarTul weras, magram

damamTavrebel klasSi damoukideblad wera mcire nawils SeeZlo. amis

dasturia e. w. ,,Spargalkebis” gamoyenebis sawinaaRmdegod gatarebuli

RonisZiebebi, rogorc skolis, aseve ganaTlebis saministros mxridan.

aRvniSnavT erT faqts _ damamTavrebeli klasis gamosaSvebi weriTi

gamocda tardeboda mivlinebul ,,damswreTa” didi kontrolis qveS.

ganaTlebis ministri, profesorio. qinqlaZe (1982) gamoTqvamda

samarTlian sayvedurs ,,Spargalkebis” gavrcelebis mavne praqtikis

Sesaxeb. igi aRniSnavda: ,,moswavleTa namuSevrebSi iSviaTad gvxvdeba

25

damoukidebeli naazrevis Sedegad Sesrulebuli Txzuleba da,

miuxedavad amisa, Cven jer mainc ver veweviT energiul brZolas aseTi

Stampis, erTferovnebisa da azrovnebis standartizaciis winaaRmdeg”.

aqve aRvniSnavT, rom ,,Spargalkis” sawinaaRmdegod 90-iani wlebidan

moifiqres damamTavrebel klasSi Temebis satelevizio eTeriT gadacema

weris dawyebis win. Tumca verc am formam moagvara problema.

werisadmi yuradRebisa da kontrolis, gamokvlevebis Sedegebis

danergviT qarTuli enisa da literaturis mowinave maswavlebelTa

gamocdilebis, iniciativebis, mondomebis Sedegad mniSvnelovani

warmatebebi iyo mopovebuli. magram dro axal moTxovnebs ayenebs.

mniSvnelovnad gaizarda weris unar-Cvevebs dauflebul

specialistebisadmi moTxovna.

mniSvnelovani da sasargeblo siaxlea saqarTvelos skolebSi

amJamad moqmedi qarTuli enisa da literaturis saswavlo gegmis

mixedviT gansazRvruli mimarTuleba ,,wera”, romelic swavleba/swavlis

axal midgomebs moiTxovs.

qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagnobrivi saswavlo gegmaSi (2007),

romelic mTliani erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mTavar nawils Seadgens,

aRniSnulia, rom qarTuli enisa da literaturis swavleba unda

warimarTos da swavlis mizani ganisazRvros imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom

pirovnebis saerTo kultura, sakomunikacio da profesiuli unar-Cvevebi

swored qarTuli enis safuZvelze yalibdeba. igi qmnis im ZiriTad

baziss, romelsac efuZneba adamianis Tavisufali ganviTarebis mTeli

Semdgomi procesi, pirovnebis suliereba, kultura, mamuliSviloba,

wigniereba, rwmena da ganaTleba (erovnuli saswavlo gegma, 2007: 39).

sagnobrivi saswavlo gegma Sedgeba sagnis koncefciis, sagnobrivi

standartebis da programis Sinaarsisagan.

sagnis koncefcia gulisxmobs sagnis swavleba/swavlis dasaxul

miznebsa da amocanebs.

sagnobrivi standarti aris erovnuli saswavlo gegmis Semadgeneli

nawili, romelic adgens im miRwevebis, (unar-Cvevebisa da codnis)

CamonaTvals, romelTac moswavle unda flobdes konkretul saganSi

(ganmartebiTi leqsikoni ganaTlebis specialistebisaTvis, 2007: 51).

26

sagnobrivi standartebi misaRwevi SedegebiTa da indikatorebiT

TvalsaCinos xdis, miRweulia Tu ara Sedegi.

programis SinaarsSi micemulia rekomendaciebi, miTiTebulia Temebi,

romelTa safuZvliani SeswavliT SeiZleba garkveuli Sedegebis miRweva

saganSi.

erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixedviT qarTuli enisa da literaturis

swavlebis miznebs warmoadgens:

ganuviTaros mozards ZiriTadi sametyvelo unarebi (wera, kiTxva,

mosmena, saubari);

gamoumuSaos weriTi da zepiri metyvelebis kultura;

ganuviTaros sakuTari azris logikuri TanamimdevrobiT gamoTqmisa

da sxvadasxva daniSnulebis werilobiTi teqstis Seqmnis unari;

Camouyalibos damoukidebeli, SemoqmedebiTi da refleqsuri

azrovnebis unari;

Seayvaros kiTxva; gamoumuSaos literaturis, rogorc sityvis

xelovnebisa da kulturis faqtis, aRqmisa da gacnobierebis unari;

gaacnobierebinos erovnuli da zogadsakacobrio kultura, rogorc

cvlilebisa da ganviTarebis mudmivmoqmedi procesi.

saganmanaTleblo miznebidan gamomdinare, qarTuli enisa da

literaturis swavleba skolaSi iTvaliswinebs konkretuli amocanebis

gadaWras:

kaligrafiuli kulturis gamomuSaveba;

leqsikuri maragis Sevseba-gamdidreba;

azris cxadad, lakonurad, mkafiod gamoxatvis unaris Camoyalibeba;

msjelobis unaris ganviTareba;

saazrovno moqmedebaTa (analizi, Sedareba, ganzogadeba) ganviTareba

enobriv (teqstobriv) monacemTa safuZvelze;

funqciurad da Sinaarsobrivad mravalferovani teqstebis

Seswavlisa da gaazrebis unaris Camoyalibeba;

teqstebTan SemoqmedebiTi damokidebulebis gamomuSaveba;

diskusiebSi monawileoba, monologuri da dialoguri metyvelebis

unar-CvevaTa Camoyalibeba;

teqstis analizis unaris ganviTareba;

27

sxvadasxva saxis leqsikonebiT, sxvadasxva saSualebiT (biblioTeka,

interneti da sxv.) sargeblobis Cvevis Camoyalibeba;

sametyvelo etiketis normebis dacva;

teqstis agebis kanonzomierebis gaTvaliswinebiT teqstis Seqmna;

miznobrivi amocanis Sesatyvisi stiliT wera da metyveleba;

orTografiuli da punqtuaciuri normebis saTanadod gamoyeneba;

sxvadasxva tipis, stilisa da Janris teqstebis analizis da Seqmnis

unaris gamomuSaveba;

mwerlis Semoqmedebis gaazreba subieqturi (mwerlis cxovrebis

mniSvnelovani faqtebi da momentebi) da obieqturi (epoqis zogadi

konteqsti) faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT;

literaturul nawarmoebSi asaxuli problematikis mimarT sakuTari

damokidebulebis gamoxatva, pirovnuli poziciis Camoyalibeba da misi

argumentireba;

literaturul nawarmoebebSi asaxuli faseulobebis gamovlena da

maT mimarT sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatva;

qarTuli da msoflio literaturuli procesebisa da Temebis

urTierTkavSiris gaazreba.

qarTuli enisa da literaturis saswavlo gegma gansazRvravs: a)unar-

Cvevebs, b)sagnobrivze orientirebul mimarTulebebs, romlebic

realizebas hpovebs sam ZiriTad sferoSi: ena, ritorika, literatura.

qarTuli enisa da literaturis swavlebis unar–Cvevebis

ganviTarebaze orientirebuli mimarTulebebia: zepirmetyveleba, kiTxva,

wera. mimarTulebaSi ,,wera” gaTvaliswinebulia informaciisa da

sakuTari azris werilobiTi gadmocema, weris kulturis Camoyalibeba,

rogorc pirovnebis inteleqtualuri SesaZleblobebis realizaciis

aucilebeli piroba. moswavlem unda SeZlos individualuri

SemoqmedebiTi unaris gamovlena da ganviTareba, azrebisa da

damokidebulebebis gamoxatvis enobriv-stilisturi saSualebebis

daufleba, sxvadasxva tipis teqstebis Sesaqmnelad Sesatyvisi stilis

SerCeva, winaswari gegmis Sedgena, sakvanZo sityvebis SerCeva, “Savi”

xelnaweris gasworeba-redaqtireba; igi unda daeuflos azris

werilobiT Camoyalibebis unar-Cvevebs, mkafio xelweras, marTlwerisa da

28

punqtuaciis savaldebulo normebs (erovnuli saswavlo gegma, 2007).

ena azrovnebisa da komunikaciis saSualebaa. Sesabamisad, enis

swavleba am ori umTavresi funqciis win wamowevasa da prioritetul

miznad dasaxvas unda emsaxurebodes.

sagnobrivi mimarTuleba moicavs:

1. informaciis gageba, analizi da Sefaseba _ ena, rogorc azrovnebis

saSualeba, upirvelesad gulisxmobs adamianis TviTgamoxatvis enobrivi

saSualebebis flobas, enis semantikuri da struqturuli

kanonzomierebebis codnas; moswavleebi euflebian mSobliuri enis

marTlwerisa da marTlmetyvelebis ZiriTad normebs. mSobliuri enis

swavlebis ZiriTad princips warmoadgens enis aqtiuri gamoyenebis unar-

Cvevebis daufleba; ara gramatikuli codnis TviTmiznuri dagroveba,

aramed moswavleTa srulyofili enobrivi ganviTareba. aqedan

gamomdinare, aqcentebi gakeTdeba gramatikis ara Teoriuli kursis

miwodebaze, aramed praqtikuli gramatikis kursis SemuSavebaze.

standartSi mocemuli sakiTxebi, romlebic leqsikologia-morfologia-

sintaqsis sakiTxebs moicavs, moswavles unda miewodebodes teqstTan

mimarTebaSi, teqstidan gamomdinare.

2. enis komunikaciuri aspeqtebis (ritorika, socialuri

interaqcia) mizania, gamoumuSavos moswavles is unar-Cvevebi, romlebic

aucilebelia ama Tu im sametyvelo situaciis marTebulad Sefasebisa da

sametyvelo qcevis adekvaturad warmarTvisaTvis, nebismier socialur

garemoSi warmatebuli komunikaciis dasamyareblad, komunikaciis

ZiriTadi xerxebisa da strategiebis dasaufleblad. enis swavlebis es

komponenti socialuri interaqciisaTvis saWiro unar-Cvevebis

ganviTarebas isaxavs miznad.

3. mxatvruli teqstis gageba da TviTgamoxatva, literatura,

rogorc sityvis xelovneba, aireklavs cxovrebas Tavisi

winaaRmdegobebiTa da sirTuleebiT, gamoirCeva ideaTa,

msoflmxedvelobaTa da esTetikur gancdaTa mravalferovnebiT; swored

amitom, mxatvruli teqstebis gacnobisas da literaturis fenomenis

Taviseburebidan gamomdinare, moswavleTa winaSe bunebrivad Cndeba

sakuTari Tavisa da samyaros Secnobis individualuri perspeqtiva.

29

literaturis swavlebis procesi xels uwyobs da erTgvar biZgs

aZlevs TiToeul moswavleSi arsebuli unikaluri, individualuri da

SemoqmedebiTi potencialis gamovlenas.

pirovnebaze orientirebul saganmanaTleblo procesSi

literaturis swavlebis mizania ara ideologizebuli cnobierebis mqone

adamianis Camoyalibeba, aramed sazogadod iseTi saswavlo situaciis

Seqmna, sadac individs saSualeba eqneba, pirovnuli gamocdilebis

safuZvelze gaiazros da Seafasos mxatvrul teqstebSi asaxuli

siRrmiseuli da cxovrebiseuli problemebi. literaturasTan

urTierToba ganuviTarebs moswavles mxatvrul da esTetikur gemovnebas,

gauRviZebs Sinagani aqtiurobis da TviTSemecnebis survils.

saswavlo gegmaSi klasebis mixedviT gansazRvrulia Sesaswavli

masalis Sinaarsi, Tematika, tipebi, saxeebi rogorc enaSi, aseve

literaturaSi. saswavlo gegma iTvaliswinebs integrirebuli swavlebis

damkvidrebas, rac gulisxmobs enisa da literaturis erTi sagnis

farglebSi swavlebas. ,,imisTvis, rom moswavle aqtiurad da gamarTulad

metyvelebdes zepirad Tu weriT qarTulad, mniSvnelovania, rom man

funqciuri gramatika iswavlos da ara maincdamainc wesebi” (erovnuli

saswavlo gegma, 2010).

yuradRebas ipyrobs sagnobrivi saswavlo gegmis standartebis

struqtura. standarti moicavs TiToeuli klasis bolos misaRwev

Sedegebsa da am Sedegebis Sesamowmebel indikatorebs. Sedegebi da

indikatorebi dalagebulia sami ZiriTadi mimarTulebis (zepirmetyveleba,

kiTxva, wera) mixedviT; es aris unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebaze

orientirebuli mimarTulebebi. TiToeul mimarTulebaSi 3-dan 6-mde

Sedegia. indikatorTa raodenoba ar aris SezRuduli: meryeobs 2-dan 10-

mde. Sedegis misaRwevad ar aris aucilebeli, moswavle asrulebdes

yvela indikators; es exeba gansakuTrebiT maRal klasebs. standarts

axlavs programis Sinaarsi, romelze dayrdnobiTac standartSi

mocemuli Sedegebis miRwevaa SesaZlebeli. programis SinaarsSi

gawerilia konkretuli sakiTxebi (masala) sagnobrivi mimarTulebebis

mixedviT - enis (informaciis gageba, analizi da Sefaseba), ritorikisa

(socialuri interaqcia) da literaturis (mxatvruli teqstis gageba da

30

TviTgamoxatva) sferoebidan. rekomendaciis saxiT standarts erTvis

qarTvel mweralTa CamonaTvali, romelTa nawarmoebebze dayrdnobiT

SesaZlebelia standartSi mocemuli savaldebulo Sedegebis miRweva.

aRsaniSnavia, rom mimarTulebebis (zepirmetyveleba, kiTxva, wera)

mixedviT standartebis gansazRvra saSualebas iZleva sasurveli Sedegis

misaRwevad konkretulad, mizanmimarTulad daigegmos da warimarTos

saswavlo procesi.

gavicnoT wlis bolos misaRwevi is Sedegebi, romelsac saswavlo

gegmis mixedviT iTvaliswinebs mimarTuleba ,,wera”.

VII klasi

moswavle qmnis werilobiT teqstebs sxvadasxva mizniT.

moswavle irCevs werilobiTi teqstis formasa da stils miznisa da

auditoriis gaTvaliswinebiT.

moswavle icavs werilobiTi teqstis organizaciis wesebs da enobriv

normebs.

moswavle mimarTavs weris strategiebs naweris efeqturi

organizebisaTvis.

VIII klasi

werilobiT gadmoscems sakuTar Tvalsazriss, msjelobs konkretul

sakiTxze saTanado argumentebis moxmobiT.

moswavle irCevs werilobiTi teqstis formasa da stils miznisa da

auditoriis gaTvaliswinebiT.

sxvadasxva tipis teqstebis Sesaqmnelad moswavle marTebulad iyenebs

enobriv-gramatikul struqturebsa da xerxebs.

moswavle mimarTavs weris strategiebs naweris efeqturi

organizebisaTvis.

IX klasi

moswavle werilobiT gadmoscems sakuTar Tvalsazriss sadavo an

problemur sakiTxebze; ajamebs gansxvavebul Sexedulebebs mocemul

sakiTxze.

moswavle werilobiT gadmoscems detalur informacias, gansxvavebul

Tvalsazriss.

moswavle irCevs werilobiTi teqstis formasa da stils miznisa da

31

auditoriis gaTvaliswinebiT.

moswavle icavs werilobiTi teqstis struqturas da enobriv normebs.

moswavle mimarTavs weris strategiebs naweris efeqturi

organizebisaTvis.

X klasi

moswavle wers Txzulebas sxvadasxva mizniT, sxvadasxva

auditoriisaTvis.

moswavle qmnis mxatvrul teqsts mocemuli pirobis, modelis mixedviT.

moswavle wers saswavlo referats erTi an ramdenime wyaros mixedviT.

moswavle adgens teqstis konspeqts Sesabamisi wesebis dacviT.

moswavle wers gamoxmaurebas wakiTxul wignze an mxatvrul nawarmoebze.

moswavle mimarTavs weris strategiebs naweris efeqturi

organizebisaTvis.

XI klasi

moswavle wers mxatvruli nawarmoebis analizs.

moswavle wers sxvadasxva saxis eses.

moswavle wers recenzias wakiTxul wignze an mxatvrul nawarmoebze.

moswavle wers sxvadasxva xasiaTis aramxatvrul teqstebs.

sxvadasxva tipis teqstebis Sesaqmnelad moswavle adekvaturad iyenebs

saTanado enobriv-gramatikul saSualebebs.

moswavle iyenebs weris strategiebs naweris efeqturi organizebisaTvis.

XII klasi

moswavle wers gamokvlevas (mcire moculobis samecniero naSroms)

winaswar SerCeul Temaze.

moswavle wers saswavlo referats ramdenime wyaros mixedviT.

moswavle wers mxatvruli nawarmoebis analizs.

moswavle iyenebs weris saTanado strategiebs

zogierTi standarti saerToa sabazo da saSualo safexuris yvela

klasisasTvis, magram gansxvavdeba standartis misaRwevi indikatorebi.

magaliTisaTvis SemogTavazebT standarts _ moswavle mimarTavs weris

strategiebs naweris efeqturi organizebisaTvis:

32

qarTuli enisa da literaturis erovnuli saswavlo gegma

gansazRvrulia rogorc meore ena im moswavleebisaTvis, vinc qarTuls

swavlobs rogorc saxelmwifo enas. sxvadasxva eTnikuri jgufis

warmomadgenlebi qarTul enas, rogorc meore enas, swavloben pirveli

klasidan saSualo skolis damTavrebamde, saswavlo programa

iTvaliswinebs, rom moswavleebs hqondeT sakmarisad ganviTarebuli

enobrivi da sakomunikacio unarebi imisaTvis, rom SeeZloT warmatebuli

socialuri da pirovnuli urTierToba qarTul enaze.

gamoyofilia meore enis Semswavleli ori ZiriTadi jgufi:

1. isini, vinc kompaqturad saxloben regionebSi da skolaSi qarTuli

enis swavlas iwyeben yovelgvari sawyisi codnis gareSe.

2. isini, vinc did qalaqebSi qarTulenovan komunikaciur garemoSi

cxovroben da qarTuli enis swavlas iwyeben mcire an elementaruli

sabazo safexuri saSualo safexuri

saerTo indikatorebi sxvadasxva saxis teqstisaTvis adgens gegmas; wers Sav variants da gadaaTeTrebs; gansazRvravs mizans, auditorias, Sesabamisad irCevs strategias; iyenebs sxvadasxva resurss (biblioTeka, kompiuterul teqnologias da sxva); ayalibebs saTqmels TanamimdevrobiT; asworebs nawers orTografiuli, punqtuaciuri da qarTuli saliteraturo enis normebis mixedviT

daamuSavebs saboloo redaqcias sxvebis (Tanaklaselis, maswavleblis) daxmarebiT, maTi SeniSvnebis gaTvaliswinebiT saxavs xarvezebis gamosworebis gzebs. winaswar Camowers savaraudo SekiTxvebs, romlebic SeiZleba konkretul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT gauCndes auditorias

irCevs da kritikulad afasebs wyaroebs.

agebs miznobriv sqemas (ra aris Cemi mizani? ra masalas gamoviyeneb miznis misaRwevad? rogori iqneba Cemi naweris formati? ra saxis problemebi SeiZleba Semeqmnas muSaobisas da rogor SemeZleba maTi daZleva?);

icavs masalis damowmebis wesebs: citireba,perifrazirebareziumireba;

33

codniT.

erovnuli saswavlo gegma iTvaliswinebs am gansxvavebebs. saswavlo

programa gansazRvravs mizans, amocanebs, struqturas. qarTuli enis

swavlebaSi gamoiyofa sami ZiriTadi mimarTuleba zepirmetyveleba,

kiTxva, wera da qvemimarTebebi: komunikacia, enobrivi (gramatikuli)

aspeqtebi, ena konteqstSi da swavlis strategiebi.

mimarTuleba ,,weris” standartebis daufleba ganapirobebs, rom

sabazo safexuris gavlis Semdeg moswavleebs SeeZlebaT daweron

sxvadasxva tipis saqmiani werili (mag., e.w. CV, samotivacio werili,

axsna-ganmartebiTibaraTi da sxva).

saSualo safexuris dasrulebis Semdeg moswavleebs SeeZlebaT:

sxvadasxva xasiaTis zepiri Tu werilobiTi teqstis gageba,

damuSaveba, gaanalizeba;

sxvadasxva mizniT, sxvadasxva auditoriisaTvis nebismieri tipis/saxis

werilobiTi teqstis SeTxzva da am procesSi cxovrebiseuli da

SemoqmedebiTi gamocdilebis realizeba;

sxvadasxva epoqis literaturul teqstebSi asaxul kulturul

faseulobaTa gaazreba da maT mimarT sakuTari damokidebulebis,

poziciis gamoxatva da sxva.

saSualo safexurze moswavle eufleba iseTi funqcionaluri

teqstebis weras, romlebic mas dasWirdeba saswavlo an samecniero

masalis damuSavebisas (mag., konspeqtis Sedgena; referatis dawera

rogorc erTi wyaros, ise sxvadasxva wyaros mixedviT; reziumes,

gamokvlevis dawera); qmnis sxvadasxva Janris teqsts, romlebSic avlens

pirovnul da SemoqmedebiT damokidebulebas; eufleba weris efeqturi

strategiebis gamoyenebas weris procesis yvela etapze Sedegis

gasaumjobeseblad.

es mciredi informacia cxadyofs, rom qarTuli enisa da

literaturis saswavlo gegma moicavs qarTuli enis swavleba/swavlis

misaRwev standartebs, rogorc qarTulenovani, aseve araqarTulenovani

skolebisaTvis.

qarTulis, rogorc meore enis swavlebis sakiTxebi vrcelia da

calke Seswavlis sferoa. Cveni kvlevis sagani igi ar aris. naSromSi

34

warmodgenili masalebi Seexeba qarTulenovan skolebSi weris

problemebs.

qarTuli enisa da literaturis saswavlo gegmaSi unar-Cvevebis

ganviTarebaze orientirebuli mimarTuleba ,,wera” warmodgenilia

klasebis mixedviT misaRwevi standartebiTa da saswavlo SedegebiT,

miRweuli donis gasazomad gansazRvrulia indikatorebi.

standartebi da indikatorebi qmnian safuZvels saswavlo procesSi

axali midgomebis danergvisaTvis.

CavatareT kvleva, romlis mizani iyo: qarTuli enisa da

literaturis saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli standartebisa da misi

miRwevis mimarT sagnis maswavlebelTa da moswavleTa damokidebulebis

garkveva.

kvlevis meTodebi: pedagogiuri ese.

kvlevis monawileni: qarTuli enisa da literaturis 30

maswavlebeli, VII-XII klasis 40 moswavle.

kvlevis procedura: kvlevaSi monawileni weren pedagogiur eses

erTmaneTisagan damoukideblad. eses analizi gakeTda disertantisa da

maswavlebelTa da moswavleTa ori wyvilis mier. samive analizis

Sejerebis Semdeg gakeTda daskvnebi.

pedagogiuri eses Catarebis dro: 2009 wlis aprili.

pedagogiuri eses Tema: raSi mexmareba an mabrkolebs saswavlo

gegmaSi mocemuli weris standartebi.

kvlevis Sedegebis mixedviT, maswavlebelTa 52% fiqrobs, rom weris

standartebi exmareba gakveTilis dagegmvaSi, gansakuTrebiT miznis

garkvevaSi. SesaZleblobebis CamonaTvals iyeneben ara rogorc

standartis miRwevis saSualebas, aramed mxolod rogorc Sesasrulebel

saqmianobas. icnoben da iyeneben weris oTx-xuT strategias. moswavleTa

54% fiqrobs, rom standartebsa da indikatorebs kargad ar icnoben, es

maswavleblisaTvis gankuTvnili hgoniaT. SeuZliaT ori-sami strategiis

gamoyeneba.

maswavlebelTa 63% -sa da moswavleTa 65% -s surs icnobdes

standartebis misaRwevad ,,rac SeiZleba bevr” strategias.

weris standartebis Sesaxeb sagnobrivi kaTedrebis sxdomebze

35

sakiTxis ganxilvisas dadga sakiTxi standartis Sesabamisi aqtivobebis

gansazRvris Taobaze. es sakiTxi nawilobriv gvxvdeba klasebis mixedviT

meTodur rekomendaciebSi. SevimuSaveT standartis Sesabamisi aqtivobebi

safexurebis mixedviT, romelsac warmovadgenT sqemis saxiT.

dawyebiTi safexuri

standarti aqtivoba

misTvis nacnob Temebze

sxvadasxva xasiaTis teqstebis

gamarTulad wera

warmoadgine epizodi

saxeSecvlilad (Secvale dro,

erT-erTi personaJi, faqti);

aRwere peizaJi; daaxasiaTe

personaJi (avtoris pozicia, Seni

damokidebuleba...)

gramatikis, orTografiis,

punqtuaciis praqtikulad

aucilebeli minimumis Segnebulad

gamoyeneba.

teqsti, ambavi warmoadgine

dialogis saxiT

sxvadasxva xasiaTis, miznisa da

daniSnulebis werilobiTi teqstebis

SeTxzva.

miswere werili axlobels,

SenTvis idealur pirovnebas,

megobars.

mxatvruli teqstebis Seqmna.

daasrule moTxroba;

miuriTme mocemul ortaepeds;

dawere Canaxati, dialogi.

sakomunikacio unar-Cvevebis

koreqcia da daxvewa komunikaciis

etiketuri normebis mixedviT.

TanaklaselebTan erTad

warmoadgine scena nawarmoebidan;

Secvale mTxrobeli da ise

warmoadgine epizodi.

36

sabazo safexuri

standarti aqtivoba

sxvadasxva sirTulis da

sxvadasxva saxis (literaturuli,

samecniero popularuli,

publicisturi, saqmiani) teqstis

wera gansxvavebul Temebze.

gansxvavebuli saxis mocemuli

teqstebi SeadareT erTmaneTs _

upasuxeT kiTxvebs, TiToeul

maTgans miusadage misTvis

damaxasiaTebeli niSani (mag.

problemis dasma, lakonuroba,

terminebis gamoyeneba, subieqturi

damokidebulebis Ria gamoxatva da

sxv.);

gramatikis, orTografiis,

punqtuaciis codna da am codnis

Segnebulad gamoyeneba teqstis

asgebad da dasaxvewad.

poemis mixedviT dawere

moTxroba; moTxroba gadaakeTe

piesad.

weris dros sakomunikacio

miznis gaTvaliswinebiTY funqciuri

stilis marTebulad SerCeva;

sakuTari naweris redaqtireba

da koreqtireba.

dawereT avtobiografia, CV,

gancxadeba da sxva saqmiani

qaRaldebi.

sxvadasxva Janrisa da saxis

teqstebis werilobiT struqtuireba

da organizeba.

dawereT mcire gamokvleva

cnobili pirovnebis Sesaxeb;

awarmoe dRiuri da dawvrilebiT

aRwere, ra moxda mniSvnelobani

Sens cxovrebaSi.

sxvadasxva xasiaTis

werilobiTi teqstebis

sakomunikacio miznis amocnoba da

am kuTxiT teqstis efeqturobis

Sefaseba.

daaxasiaTeT teqstebi

stiluri niSan-Tvisebebis

mixedviT; moamzadeT reportaJi

sainformacio gadacemisaTvis;

37

saSualo safexuri

standarti aqtivoba

sxvadasxva tipisa da stilis

teqstebis wera

erTi sagnis, movlenis, faqtis

Sesaxeb dawereT sainformacio,

samecniero, mxatvruli teqsti

gramatikis, orTografiis,

punqtuaciis wesebis gamoyeneba

teqstis asagebad da dasaxvewad

Seqmeni igavi moralis mixedviT;

warmoadgine wina saukuneebis teqsti

Tanamedrove epoqasTan misadagebuli,

Seneuli interpretaciiT

sxvadasxva mizniT, sxvadasxva

auditoriisaTvis nebismieri tipis

werilobiTi teqstis SeTxzva.

miswereT oficialuri werili

organizacias TxovniT da misi

saWiroebis argumentirebuli

dasabuTebiT.

mieci Cveneba policias

danaSaulze, romelsac SeeswariT da

igive faqtis Sesaxeb miswere

megobars.

werilobiT teqstebSi

sakuTari poziciisa da

RirebulebiTi damokidebulebebis

sxvadasxva literaturuli formiT

warmoCena

dawereT publicisturi werili

aqtualur problemaze; Cawere

dRiurSi saxelmZRvanelos erT-erTi

Tavis Seswavlis Semdeg Seni

STabeWdilebebi

sxvadasxva tipis werilobiTi

teqstebis Sefaseba maTi

sakomunikacio amocanis

gaTvaliswinebiT.

airCie roli (mSobeli,

maswavlebeli, parlamentis wevri),

auditoria (Tanaklaselebi,

ufrosklaselebi, mSoblebi,

pedagogebi, ubnis biWebi), formati

(mimarTva, sagazeTo statia,

gamosvla, sentencia) da dawereT

TqvenTvis aqtualur Temaze.

38

TiToeuli safexurisaTvis standartisa da misi Sesatyvisi

aqtivobebis SerCevisas, ra Tqma unda, gasaTvaliswinebelia asakobrivi

Taviseburebebi.

saskolo asaki dimitri uznaZis koncefciis safuZvelze iyofa Semdeg

etapebad: umcrosi saskolo asaki, saSualo saskolo asaki da ufrosi

saskolo asaki _ adreuli siymawvilis xana.

mozardobis asaki (11-16) xasiaTdeba mkveTri cvlilebebiT fizikur

ganviTarebaSi. simwifis xana da mozardobis asaki gansxvavebuli cnebebia.

adamianTa umravlesoba simwifis xanis dasrulebis Semdeg mozardobis

asakSi kidev didxans dahyofs. Tumca momwifeba mozardobis asakis

dawyebis yvelaze mniSvnelovani niSania. simwifis xana ganisazRvreba,

rogorc swrafi fizikuri momwifebis periodi, romelic moicavs

hormonalur da sxeulis cvlilebebs. simwifis xanaSi momxdari cvlile-

bebi adamianis organizms reproduqciis unars aZlevs. momwifeba,

ZiriTadad, adreuli mozardobis asakSi xdeba.

wamoayeneT problema da sTxoveT moswavleebs, Camoayalibon misi

gadaWris hipoTezuri gzebi. magaliTad, maswavlebeli ekiTxeba

moswavleebs: „warmoidgineT, rom gogonas megobrebi ara hyavs. ra unda

qnas man?“

wamoayeneT problema da misi gadaWris ramdenime gza. Semdeg hkiTxeT

moswavleebs, Seafason TiToeuli alternativa.

sTxoveT moswavleebs, daasabuTon TavianTi daskvnebi. magaliTad,

hkiTxeT, „ra nabijebi gaiare, es problema rom gadageWra?“

SeadgineT proeqtebi da gamokvlevebi, rac SeiZleba rom

moswavleebma ganaxorcielon. periodulad hkiTxeT, Tu rogor agroveben

da aanalizeben monacemebs da informacias.

gaxsovdeT, rom mozardebi xSirad formaluroperaciul azrovnebas

iyeneben im sferoSi, romelSic yvelaze daxelovnebulebi da

gamocdilebi arian. magaliTad, moswavle, romelsac qarTuli uyvars,

bevrs kiTxulobs da wers, formaluroperaciuli azrovnebis unars

gamoiyenebs am sferoSi. magram imave moswavles SeiZleba ar uyvardes

maTematika da maTematikaSi konkretuloperaciuli azrovnebis unars

iyenebdes.

39

yuradReba gaamaxvileT moswavleTa azrovnebis procesebze da ara

mxolod Sedegebze. maswavleblebma mxolod moswavleebis pasuxebi ki ar

unda Seamowmon, aramed unda icodnen, Tu ra gonebrivi procesebi

gamoiyenes bavSvebma am pasuxebis misaRebad. saswavlo procesi maSin aris

efeqturi, roca is emyareba bavSvis arsebuli kognituri ganviTarebis

dones. maswavleblebs mxolod maSin SeuZliaT, Sesaferisi saswavlo

situaciebi da gamocdilebebi Seuqmnan bavSvebs, roca esmiT, Tu ra

meTodebs iyeneben bavSvebi konkretuli daskvnebis gamosatanad.

gaacnobiereT, rom Zalian mniSvnelovania moswavleTa iniciativa da

aqtiuri CarTuloba saswavlo procesSi. naklebi yuradReba gaamaxvileT

codnis/masalis pirdapir prezentaciaze/miwodebaze da mieciT bavSvebs

SesaZlebloba, TviTon gaakeTon aRmoCenebi garemosTan uSualo

urTierTobis saSualebiT. didaqtikurad swavlis meTodebis nacvlad,

gamoiyeneT mravalferovani davalebebi, rac bavSvebs uSualod fizikur

samyarosTan urTierTobis SesaZleblobas miscems.

gaacnobiereT, rom moswavleTa ganviTarebis tempebi gansxvavebulia

da gaiTvaliswineT es gansxvaveba saswavlo procesSi.

piaJes Teoriis mixedviT, aRniSnavs naTia janaSia (,,ganviTarebisa da

swavlebis Teoriebi”, 2008: 33), yvela bavSvi ganviTarebis stadiebs

erTnairi TanmimdevrobiT gadis, Tumca gansxvavebuli siswrafiT/tempiT.

amitomac maswavleblebma saswavlo davalebebi da savarjiSoebi

calkeuli moswavleebisTvis, an moswavleTa patara jgufebisTvis unda

dagegmon da ara mTeli klasisTvis. garda amisa, moswavleTa Sefaseba

unda moxdes TiToeuli bavSvis individualuri ganviTarebis progresis

gaTvaliswinebiT, da ara normatuli standartiT, romelic bavSvis

miRwevebs misive asakis an klasis bavSvebis moswrebas adarebs.

socialuri daswavlis Teoriis avtoris, albert banduras

rekomendaciebia:

mieciT moswavleebs efeqturi swavlis konkretuli miTiTebebi

(magaliTad, dasawer davalebasTan erTad mieciT konkretuli kiTxvebi,

romlebsac kiTxvis dros unda upasuxon)

xSirad mieciT moswavleebs SesaZlebloba, Seafason TavianTi weris

progresi da Semdeg es Sefaseba Tqvens Sefasebas Seadaron. mozardebi

40

iyeneben TviTmotivaciis strategiebs (magaliTad, cdiloben, mosawyeni

davaleba ufro saintereso da saxaliso gaxadon, sakuTar Tavs axseneben,

rom warmateba mniSvnelovania); ufro xSirad isaxaven grZelvadian

miznebs, TandaTanobiT ufro kargad euflebian kognituri swavlis da

weris strategiebs.

saklaso davalebebi moswavleTa grZelvadian miznebs daukavSireT,

auxseniT da mieciT moswavleebs kiTxvis, weris da mecadineobis efeqturi

kognituri strategiebis magaliTebi

mieciT moswavleebs rTuli davalebebi, romlebic damoukideblad

swavlas moiTxovs; im moswavleebs, romlebsac jer ar aqvT weris

swavlis TviTregulaciis unari, konkretuli miTiTebebiT daexmareT.

harvardis universitetis profesori devid perkinsi (2007) Tvlis, rom

rac ufro meti ician moswavleebma fiqris da swavlis Sesaxeb, anu rac

ufro maRalia maTi metakognituri cnobiereba, miT ufro efeqturad

swavloben isini da ufro maRal Sedegebs aRweven skolaSi

termini metakognicia gulisxmobs „azrovnebas imaze, Tu rogor

vazrovnebT“. metakognicia moicavs moswavleTa codnas da Sexedulebebs

TavianTi kognituri/SemecnebiTi procesebis Sesaxeb. igi, agreTve,

gulisxmobs moswavleTa azrovnebis im procesebs da qcevebs, romlebsac

isini swavlis da mexsierebis gaumjobesebis mizniT iyeneben. magaliTad,

metakognicia moicavs: fiqrs imaze, Tu ras moicavs azrovneba da swavla;

codnas Cveni mexsierebis da swavlis SesaZleblobebis Sesaxeb;

codnas, Tu realurad risi swavla SegviZlia mocemul droSi; swavlis

procesebis efeqturad dagegmvas; swavlis efeqtiani strategiebis codnas

da gamoyenebas axali masalis asaTviseblad; codnas, Tu ra viswavleT da

ramdenad kargad gavigeT.

moswavleebs SeiZleba vaswavloT metakognituri strategiebi, miaCnia

n. janaSias, (2008: 125), romlis saSualebiTac isini SeZleben imis

Sefasebas, Tu ramdenad kargad esmiT axali masala da ramdeni dro

sWirdebaT garkveuli masalis Sesaswavlad. agreTve, SeiZleba vaswavloT

sakuTar azrovnebis procesebze fiqri da swavlis procesis efeqturad

dagegmva.

metakognituri strategiebis codna mniSvnelovnad exmareba

41

moswavleebs swavlaSi da maRali Sedegebis miRwevaSi. gansakuTrebiT

efeqturia sakuTari TavisTvis kiTxvebis dasmis strategia: moswavleebi

cdiloben, davalebaSi saerTo elementebi amoicnon da Semdeg sakuTar

Tavs dausvan kiTxvebi. magaliTad, SegviZlia moswavleebs vaswavloT, rom

moTxrobis wakiTxvis dros amoicnon mTavari moqmedi gmirebi, adgilebi,

sadac moqmedeba xdeba, problemebi da problemebis gadawveta/pasuxebi.

moswavleebs jer unda davusvaT kiTxvebi, romlebic maT am mniSvnelovani

elementebis povnaSi daexmareba. eqspertebis azriT, bavSvebi ukeT gaigeben

wakiTxuls, Tu maT vaswavliT ra, vin, sad da rogor kiTxvebis dasmas.

swavlis strategia gulisxmobs kognituri/SemecnebiTi procesis an

procesebis mizanmimarTulad gamoyenebas swavlis dros. igi moicavs

moswavleTa mier garkveuli xerxebis gamoyenebas masalis ukeT gagebis da

damaxsovrebis mizniT. Zalian mniSvnelovania, moswavleebs gavacnoT

swavlis efeqturi strategiebi da vaswavloT maTi gamoyeneba.

moswavleebs xSirad uWirT gakveTilsa Tu saSinao davalebaSi

yvelaze mniSvnelovani informaciis amocnoba. bevri maTgani zedapirul

maxasiaTeblebze amaxvilebs yuradRebas. maswavlebelma unda miuTiTos

moswavleebs, romeli cnebebi da informaciaa mniSvnelovani gakveTilsa

da sakiTxav masalaSi. es moswavleebs warmatebul swavlaSi daexmareba.

maswavlebels, ra Tqma unda, SeuZlia pirdapir uTxras moswavleebs, Tu

ra iswavlon. Tumca, ufro efeqturi strategiaa, Semdegi xerxebis

gamoyenebiT mivaxvedroT, ra aris gakveTilSi mniSvnelovani: gaacaniT

bavSvebs gakveTilis miznebi. es informacia SeiZleba gakveTilis

dawyebamde dafaze CamoweroT; dafaze dawereT mTavari cnebebi da

miuTiTeT, rogor aris isini erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli; dausviT

moswavleebs iseTi kiTxvebi, rac maT yuradRebas gaamaxvilebs

mniSvnelovan cnebebsa da ideebze.

moswavleebi ufro warmatebulad swavloben, roca maT ukve gaaCniaT

garkveuli codna, romelTanac SeiZleba axali cnebebis daakavSireba.

magaliTad, roca bavSvebs saxelmZRvanelos xmamaRla vukiTxavT, Cven

SeiZleba drodadro SevCerdeT, raTa wakiTxuli informacia an cneba

adre naswavl masalasTan, an moswavleTa gamocdilebasTan davakavSiroT.

Semdeg SeiZleba moswavleebi wavaxalisoT, rom igive damoukideblad

42

gaakeTon da, saWiroebisamebr, mivceT miTiTebebi, davusvaT konkretuli

kiTxvebi, rac daexmareba maT dafiqrdnen TavianT codnasa da

Sexedulebebze.

$ 2. weris swavleba/swavlis arsebuli viTareba

saqarTvelos rig sajaro skolebSi 2006 wlis seqtemberSi daiwyo

axali erovnuli saswavlo gegmis pilotireba. qarTulenovani skolis

pirvel, meSvide da meaTe klasebSi. 2007-2008 saswavlo wels ki

saqarTvelos yvela skolam axali saswavlo gegmiT daiwyo muSaoba.

erovnuli saswavlo gegma sruliad axal principebs daefuZna:

orientacia TiToeuli moswavlis interesebsa da SesaZleblobebze,

orientireba swavlis Sedegebze, meti aqcentis gakeTeba codnis xarisxze

da ara odenobaze. informaciasTan erTad unar-Cvevebisa da

damokidebulebebis gamomuSaveba, romelTa gamoyenebac moswavles

cxovrebaSi SeuZlia. ,,programaSi mocemul principebs wlebis

ganmavlobaSi iyenebdnen Cveni qveynis saukeTeso maswavleblebi. Cven,

ubralod maT erTad movuyareT Tavi, gadavamuSaveT da SevufardeT

Tanamedrove saerTaSoriso praqtikas”,_ naTqvamia programis SesavalSi.

gaizarda skolebis damoukidebloba, maT SeuZliaT mravalferovani

programa SesTavazon sakuTar moswavleebs. Semovida Sefasebis axali

sistema, romelic exmareba moswavles sakuTari SesaZleblobebis

ganviTarebaSi.

mimdinareobs saxelmZRvaneloebis SemuSavebis procesi. bolo dros

gamoica araerTi saintereso wigni maswavlebelTa profesiuli donis

asamaRleblad. saxelmZRvanelo mniSvnelovani resursia, romelic

maswavlebels axali saswavlo gegmiT swavlebaSi exmareba.

saxelmZRvanelo erT-erTi saSualebaa da ara erTaderTi, romelic

emsaxureba erovnuli saswavlo gegmis sagnobriv programebSi mocemuli

43

Sedegebis miRwevas. Sesabamisad, maswavlebeli araa orientirebuli

saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli ,,masalis gavlaze”, aramed aqcents akeTebs

sagnobrivi standartebis Sedegebis misaRwevad saxelmZRvaneloebSi

mocemuli teqstebis, savarjiSoebisa Tu ilustraciebis gamoyenebaze.

maswavlebeli argebs saxelmZRvanelos moswavleebis saWiroebebs da ara

piriqiT, _ maswavlebeli fiqrobs moergos saxelmZRvanelos.

maswavlebels SeuZlia swavlebis process miudges SemoqmedebiTad, ar

gamoiyenos saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli romelime teqsti an aqtivoba,

Secvalos drois xangrZlivoba, romelic romelime konkretul Temas

eTmoba, gadaanacvlos paragrafebis Tanamimdevroba, daamatos sakuTari

aqtivobebi da sxv.

axali saswavlo sagnobrivi gegmebis Sesabamis saxelmZRvaneloebTan

erTad gamocemulia ,,maswavleblis wigni”, romelSic mocemulia

sasargeblo meToduri miTiTebani, rCevebi, nimuSebi. VII klasisaTvis

gankuTvnil ,,maswavleblis wigSi” (v. rodonaia, a. arabuli, xuciSvili,

2006: 6) aRniSnulia: ,,paragrafs agvirgvinebs ZiriTadad saSinao

davalebad gankuTvnili weriTi samuSao, romelsac zogjer sakmad

vrceli instruqcia axlavs. am instruqciis daniSnulebaa gauadvilos

moswavles saSinao davalebis Sesruleba. maswavlebels ki SeuZlia am

instruqciaze dayrdnobiT SeimuSavos saSinao davalebis Sefasebis

kriteriumebi.”

saxelmZRvanelos erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan Sesatyvisobis

Sinaarsis da miznebis ruka moicavs weriTi samuSaoebis formebs:

TxrobiTi xasiaTis, publicisturi, poeturi teqstebis Seqmna, sagazeTo

statiis saTaurisa da dasawyisis SeTxzva, sainformacio teqstis

Sedgenis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebaze muSaoba.

gakveTilis dagegmvis cxrilSi weriTi davalebis Sesruleba

ZiriTadad gaTvaliswinebulia saSinao davalebad. magaliTad, 5 wuTiani

ese, weriTi davaleba, ras gveubneba leqsi? (21), ,,warmosaxuli personaJis

portreti” (31).

gakveTilis scenarebSic weriTi samuSao ZiriTadad saSinao

davalebadaa gaTvaliswinebuli, magaliTad, ,,rveulebSi amoiweron maTi

sayvareli poetis leqsebidan mimarTvis formebi” (25). gakveTilze weriTi

44

davalebebi ZiriTadad sruldeba gramatikasaTan mimarTebaSi. magaliTad,

zedsarTavi saxelis SeerTeba arsebiTTan. Seadginon saxl-karis aRweris

msgavsi sqema. mocemulia weris unaris Sefasebis kriteriumebi.

garkveuli adgili eTmoba marTlweris sakiTxebis Seswavlas.

IX klasis ,,maswavleblis wignSi“ (avtorebi: v. rodonaia, n.

nakudaSvili, a. arabuli, m. xuciSvili 2008). Sinaarsisa da miznebis

rukaSi weriTi davalebebi konkretulad miTiTebuli ar aris, sanimuSo

gakveTilebis scenarebi rig SemTxvevaSi iTvaliswinebs saSinao

davalebad saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli weriTi davalebis

Sesrulebas(641) gansazRvrulia Semajamebeli weris Sefasebis unarebi,

romelic msgavsia VII klasSi gansazRvruli kriteriumebisa (53).

IX klasis ,,maswavleblis wigni“ (b. sulakauri, m. gordelaZe, T.

qitoSvili, 2008) miTiTebulia, rom ,,nawarmoebis Seswavlis Semdeg

moswavleebi weren mcire eseebs (maTi moculoba daaxloebiT erTi-ori

gverdi unda iyos), metwilad es aris is, rasac tradiciulad ,,Tavisufal

Temebs“ vuwodebT. ufro xSirad moswavleebs mcire esesTvis ramdenime

Temas vTavazobT, roca asea, isini maTgan erTs irCeven da Sin asruleben,

amave dros SesaZlebelia ese klasSic daiweros, _ vTqvaT, sami Temidan

ors moswavleebi Sin amuSaveben, mesames ki, romelic Tqven specialurad

,,SemoinaxeT” _ klasSi”.

Sinaarsisa da miznebis rukaSi saxelmZRvanelos erovnul saswavlo

gegmasTan SesabamisobisaTvis mocemulia qarTuli enisa da literaturis

samive mimarTuleba. ,,wera” standartebis miTiTebiTaa waarmodgenili.

SefasebaSi yvela TemasTan mimarTebaSi miTiTebulia ,,weriTi davalebis

Sesruleba”, gakveTilis sanimuSo scenaris miznebSi gaTvaliswinebulia

weriTi metyvelebis kulturis (teqstis azris gamokveTis da mkafiod

ganmartebis unaris ganviTareba” (20). aqtivobebSi miTiTebulia ,,weriTi

davalebis Sesruleba” (20), ,,sxvadasxva Temaze dawerili ramdenime mcire

eses wakiTxva da ganxilva (30). eses Sefasebis sqema iTvaliswinebs

kriteriumebs: 1.azrovnebis damoukidebloba, originaluroba;

2.literaturis codna, wigniereba; 3.eses kompozicia, msjelobis

logikuroba da argumentirebuloba; 4.enobrivi kultura.

45

TiToeuli kriteriumi moicavs qulebis mixedviT moTxovnebs:

magaliTad, pirveli kriterumisaTvis eses avtoris azrovneba mkveTrad

originaluria, originaluria, aRbeWdilia mkafio pirovnuli elferiT.

avtoris msjeloba safuZvliani da damajerebelia (31).

,,Sesaswavl nawarmoebTan uSualod dakavSirebuli saxelmZRvaneloSi

mocemuli msjelobis Temis safuZvelze Sesrulebuli weriTi

namuSevrebis Sefaseba imave kriteriumebs eyrdnoba, romelTac eses

Sefasebisas viyenebT, oRond, rasakvirvelia, sagangebo yuradReba eTmoba

nawarmoebis gaazrebis da gagebis dones” (T. vasaZe, 2006: 35).

XI klasis ,,maswavleblis wignSi“ (T vasaZe, n. SaraSeniZe, 2007)

Sinaarsisa da miznebis ruka iTvaliswinebs mimarTuleba ,,weris”

standartebis moTxovnebs, SefasebaSi miTiTebulia ,,weriTi davalebis

Sesruleba”. gakveTilis scenarebSi miTiTebulia mocemul davalebebze

dawerili Temebis prezentacia, eses prezentaciis Sefasebis sqema da

kriteriumebi.

aRsaniSnavia, rom X klasis saxelmZRvanelos Tan erTvis

savarjiSoebis krebuli ,,rogor vweroT ukeTesad”, romelic moicavs

Semdeg sakiTxebs: ,,isev punqtuacia.., jer vgegmavT, Semdeg vwerT, vwerT

yvelaferze... sityviT gamoxatuli samyaro... rogor gamoxatoT saTqmeli,

mTqmelis pozicia, poeturi ena – leqsis analizi, zmna – enis xerxemali,

vweroT oficialuri stiliT.

IX klasis ,,maswavleblis wigni“ (b. sulakauri, m. gordelaZe, T.

qitoSvili, 2008) miuTiTebs, rom saxelmZRvanelos blokSi ,,dawere”,

weriTi davalebebi Setanilia, magram sxva rubrikebis davalebebic

SeiZleba werilobiT Sesruldes (8).

gaTvaliswinebulia weriTi saSinao davalebebi: aTpunqtiani

TxrobiTi gegmis Sedgena, nawarmoebis personaJebis mokle daxasiaTeba.

sami maTi azriT saukeTeso mxatvruli saxis amowera (28). Camoayalibon

daviT guramiSvilis Sexedulebebi swavla-ganaTlebaze, Seadaron

guramiSvilis didaqtikuri motivebi sulxan-saba orbelianis

SemoqmedebaSi gamokveTil aRzrdis principebs (saTauri - ,,ymawvili unda

swavlobdes”) (32). ,,davawerinoT moswavleebs araoficialuri da

oficialuri werilebi” (34). ,,davawerinoT moswavleebs avtobiografia,

46

vavarjiSoT isini dialogis weraSi” (36). saSinao davalebad Seasrulon

saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli savarjiSo (67). daweron dRiurebi.

saxelmZRvanelos rubrika ,,mwerlis saxelosno” moicavs weriT

davalebebs, romelic xels uwyobs fantaziisa da SemoqmedebiTi unaris

ganviTarebas. moswavle varjiSobs sxvadasxva daniSnulebis teqstebis

Seqmnaze. magaliTad, fanjridan danaxuli xedis aRwera da

mkiTxvelisaTvis garkveuli ganwyobis Seqmna (55).

,,maswavleblis wigni“ iTvaliswinebs ,,weriTi namuSevrebis Sefasebis

swavlebas. gansazRvrulia Semowmebis kriteriumebi (Sinaarsi, dasabuTeba,

Txrobis organizeba, sintaqsi, leqsika, marTlwera, weris ostatoba) da

Sefasebis sqemebi, qulebis miTiTeba.

qarTuli enisa da literaturis yvela alternatiuli

saxelmZRvanelo imdenad kargi da misaRebia, rom arCevani Zalian Wirs.

ganxilul saxelmZRvaneloebs axlavs ,,maswavleblis wigni“, rac uTuod

didi daxmarebaa maswavlebelTaTvis da didi SenaZenia meTodikuri

TvalTaxedviT. maTSi gaTvaliswinebulia saswavlo gegmis samive

mimarTulebis ,,zepirmetyveleba”, ,,kiTxva”, ,,wera” _ gansazRvrulia

standartebis mixedviT saswavlo miznebis dasaxva, aqtivobebi, Sefaseba.

amasTan, dasanania, rom mimarTuleba ,,wera” ar aris iseTi

mravalferovani meTodebiT, strategiebiT, garkveulobiT warmodgenili,

rogorc mimarTuleba ,,kiTxva”. weriTi saxis samuSaoebi ZiriTadad

dagegmilia saSinao davalebad SesrulebisaTvis. sagakveTilo procesSi

weriTi davalebis Sesruleba gramatikasTan aris dakavSirebuli. saSinao

davalebis mosmena, ganxilva gakveTilze ver xerxdeba. ,,maswavleblis

wigni“ gvirCevs zogierTi mainc movasmeninoT, raTa moswavleebs

gauCndeT motivacia werisaTvis. saerTod ar dgas sakiTxi weriTi

davalebis Sesasruleblad weris strategiebis arCevisa, ar ganixileba

integrirebul swavlebaSi weris CarTva qarTuli enisa da literaturis

integrirebulad swavlebis procesSic ki.

qarTuli enisa da literaturis saswavlo gegmis moTxovnebis

Sesabamisad mimdinare saqmianobis Sesaswavlad CavatareT kvleva.

kvlevis mizani: sagnobrivi saswavlo gegmis mixedviT mimdinare

saqmianobis \Seswavla da werisadmi damokidebulebis gansazRvra.

47

kvleva warimarTa ori mimarTulebiT:

a) uSualod saswavlo procesze dakvirveba;

b) werisadmi moswavleTa da maswavlebelTa damokidebulebis

anketuri gamokiTxvis analizi

I mimarTuleba:

kvlevis meTodi: anketis analizi, dakvirveba, gamoricxvis meTodi.

kvlevis Catarebis dro: 2009 wlis Tebervali.

kvlevis procedura saswavlo procesze dakvirvebisaTvis:

pilotirebuli klasebis gakveTilebze daswreba;

tradiciuli meTodebiT momuSave maswavlebelTa gakveTilebze

daswreba;

piradi gamocdileba.

kvlevis proceduraSi disertantTan erTad CarTuli iyo axalbeda da

gamocdili maswavlebeli. samive cal-calke aRwerda saswavlo procesis

msvlelobas, monacemebi gaanalizda erToblivad.

saswavlo procesze kvlevis procedura moicavda agreTve sagnobrivi

kaTedris im sxdomebze daswrebas, sadac ganixileboda qarTuli enisa da

literaturis swavlebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi.

intervius kiTxvebi damoukideblad moamzades sagnis maswavleblebma,

sagnobrivi kaTedris gamgem da disertantma. gamoricxvis meTodis

gamoyenebiT SevarCieT saboloo varianti. gTavazobT nimuSebs:

saswavlo procesze dakvirvebisaTvis (ix. nimuSi #1)

sagnobrivi kaTedris sxdomaze daswrebisaTvis (ix. nimuSi #2).

nimuSi #1

saswavlo procesze dakvirvebisaTvis

saxeli, gvari ------------------------------------------------------

pedagogiuri saqmianobis xangrZlivoba ----------------------------------------

1. aqvs Tu ara gansazRvruli saswavlo miznebi moswavles?

maswavlebels?

2. ician Tu ara , romeli standarti aqvT misaRwevi?

3. ramdenad Seesabameba pedagogis strategia gakveTilis mizans?

4. sworadaa Tu ara ganawilebuli dro?

48

5. ramdenad eZleva moswavles azris Tavisuflad gamoTqmis, arCevanis

da Caweris saSualeba?

6. ramdenad motivirebulni arian moswavleebi?

7. ramdenad gamoiyeneba saswavlo da damxmare resursebi swavleba-

swavlisas?

8. aris Tu ara damoukidebeli muSaobis unarisa da kritikuli

azrovnebis ganviTarebis xelSemwyobi garemo?

9. ramdenad naTladaa Camoyalibebuli davalebaTa instruqciebi?

10. gamoiyeneba Tu ara strategiebi weriTi amocanebis damoukideblad

gadaWris unar-Cvevis gansaviTareblad? (CawereT gamoyenebuli strategia).

11. SerCeuli aqtivobebi Seesabameba Tu ara moswavlis

SesaZleblobebsa da gamocdilebas?

12. ramdenad gasagebia moswavlisaTvis Sefasebis forma da

komponentebi?

13. rogor iyenebT weras integrirebuli swavlebisaTvis. daasaxeleT

magaliTi.

nimuSi #2

sagnobrivi kaTedris sxdomaze daswrebisaTvis

saxeli, gvari ------------------------------------------------------

pedagogiuri saqmianobis xangrZlivoba ----------------------------------------

1. aqvs Tu ara gansazRvruli saswavlo miznebi maswavlebels?

2. icnobT Tu ara moswavlis misaRwev standarts?

3. meTodurad gegmavs saswavlo process, icavs drois dadgenil

limits?

4. ramdenad uwyobs xels Tavisufali, Tbili, SemoqmedebiTi garemos

Seqmnas?

5. ramdenad uqmnis pirobas moswavles TviTrealizaciisaTvis?

6. ramdenad uwyobs weris kulturis ganviTarebas moswavleebSi?

7. ramdenad iyenebs saswavlo da damxmare resursebs weris procesSi?

8. icis, rogor daamyaros efeqturi komunikacia moswavleebTan?

9. ramdenad Tavdajerebulia da flobs sakuTar emocias stresul

situaciaSic ki?

49

10. avlens swavlebis sxvadasxva midgomebis codnas da iyenebs maT?

11. aqvs weris swavleba-swavlis sakuTari strategia da aRwevs maRal

Sedegebs.

12. SeuZlia weris procesis organizeba da dagegmva, ise, rom

miaRwios moswavleTa dainteresebasa da gaaqtiurebas.

13. ramdenad naTladaa Camoyalibebuli davalebaTa instruqciebi?

14. gamoiyeneba Tu ara strategiebi weriTi amocanebis damoukideblad

gadaWris unar-Cvevis gansaviTareblad (miuTiTeT gamoyenebuli

strategia).

15. SeuZlia moswavleebs SeurCios diferencirebuli davalebebi maTi

asakobrivi da pirovnuli Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, xels uwyobs

TiToeuli maTganis winsvlasa da TviTdamkvidrebas?

16. ramdenad gasagebia moswavlisaTvis weris Sefasebis komponentebi

da kriteriumebi?

17. pozitiurad TanamSromlobs kolegebTan, mSoblebTan,

moswavleebTan da sazogadoebasTan.

1 8 . rogor xdeba sagnobrivi kaTedris mier weris swavleba/swavlis

koordinacia.

saswavlo procesze dakvirvebis Sedegebma cxadyo, rom saswavlo

procesSi sagnobrivi programebis moTxovnebis Sesabamisad weris

strategiebis swavleba / swavlis ganxorcielebisaTvis mimdinareobs

saintereso saqmianoba, maswavleblebs warmatebuli Sedegebi aqvT

miRweuli, magram ar aris sistemuri midgoma, mkafiod ar Cans weris

standartebis misaRwevi saqmianoba, xSirad standartic ar aris

garkveuli, gansakuTrebiT moswavleTa mier. weriTi muSaobisaTvis saWiro

strategiebis gamoyeneba iSviaTia. ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli asakobrivi

SesaZleblobebi, moswavleebs gacnobierebuli ara aqvT erT saganSi

miRebuli codnisa da unaris sxva saganSi gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba.

II mimarTuleba:

kvlevis mizani: werisadmi moswavleTa da maswavlebelTa

damokidebulebis Seswavla.

50

kvlevis meTodi: orsafexuriani interviu.

kvlevis baza: baTumis #21 sajaro skola, demokratiis institutTan

arsebuli saswavlo centri ,,neo”.

disertantis, sagnobrivi kaTedris wevris, moswavlis mier Sedgenili

kiTxvarebis safuZvelze SemuSavda axali varianti, SeirCa standarti,

indikatori.

SefasebisTvis gamoyenebuli iyo Semdegi kriteriumebi: vsaWiroeb

gaumjobesebas, kargad, SesaniSnavad.

gverdi avuareT kriteriums _ ar SemiZlia). amgvarma midgomam

ganapiroba moswavleTa gulaxdiloba, ramac intervius sandoobis

xarisxi aamaRla.

kvlevisaTvis momzadda fokus-jgufebi. aT jgufSi or-ori wevri

gaerTianda. fokus-jgufebis wevrebs, romlis SemadgenlobaSi Sediodnen

sakvlevi skolis XI-XII klasis aTi moswavle, xuTi pedagogiur

praqtikaze myofi studenti, ori staJiori maswavlebeli, sami sagnobrivi

kaTedris gamge. fokus-jgufebs CautardaT instruqtaJi intervius

Catarebis proceduris Sesaxeb, miewodaT intervius kiTxvebi. fokus-

jgufebma interviu Caatares erT skolaSi erTsa da imave dros.

gTavazobT intervius I safexuris kvlevis Sedegebs.

rogoria Tqveni damokidebuleba werisadmi _ vsaWiroeb

gaumjobesebas – 67 %, kargi 23%, SesaniSnavi _ 10%.

II safexuris intervius kiTxva _ I safexuris intervius Sedegebi ram

ganapiroba?

intervius monawileni igive respodentebi iyvnen. maTTan muSaobda

igive fokusjgufebi.

II safexuris intervius gaanalizebiT cxadi gaxda, rom Sedegebi

ganpirobebulia weris standartis, kompetenciis gaucnobierebulobiT.

weriTi muSaobis dros ar ician, konkretulad ras unda miaRwion da ra

saSualebiT, ician mxolod, rom unda weron ,,kargad” da ,,uSecdomod”.

zogjer standartis dasaxeleba SeuZliaT, magram rodis imuSavon mis

misaRwevad, ver sazRvraven. zogjer, piriqiT, ician, rogor weron, magram

ar ician risTvis, ra Sedegis misaRwevad. damoukideblad weriTi

samuSaos Sesruleba uWirT.

51

ganaTlebis sabazo da saSualo safexurze qarTuli enisa da

literaturis saswavlo gegmis mixedviT mimdinareobs muSaoba, rig

maswavleblebs sakmaod mniSvnelovani warmatebebi aqvT miRweuli.

CavatareT kvleva, romlis mizani iyo sxvadasxva saganSi weriTi

davalebebis SesrulebiT misaRwevi standartisa da gamoyenebuli weris

strategiebis dadgena.

kvlevis meTodebi: dakvirveba, interviu.

kvlevaSi monawileobdnen VII-XII klasis 60 moswavle.

kvlevis procedura: sxvadaxva sagnis gakveTilebze daswrebiT

miRebuli monacemebisa da moswavleebis interviuebis SedarebiTi analizi.

kvlevis Sedegebi: yoveldRiurad moswavle TiTqmis yvela saganSi

asrulebs weriT davalebas, xSirad sakmaod didi moculobiTac.

moswavleebTan gasaubrebisas naTeli gaxda, rom isini naklebad fiqroben

romeli standarti aqvT misaRwevi. es qarTuli enisa da literaturis

gakveTilebisTvis miaCniaT saWirod. aris mcire gamonaklisi

maswavleblis mier instruqtaJis micemisa, magram saTanadod ver iyeneben

davalebis Sesrulebis procesSi.

kvlevis Sedegebis mixedviT moswavleebs sxvadasxva saganSi

(humanitaruli jgufis) xSirad eZlevaT gakveTilze an Sin

damoukideblad samuSaod davaleba, romlis Sesasruleblad sWirdebaT

da iyeneben kidec qarTuli enisa da literaturis gakveTilebze

Seswavlil strategiebs, magram es gaucnobiereblad xdeba da moswavleTa

CarTulobis xarisxi sasurveli ver aris. kidev ufro rTuli viTarebaa

Sin damoukidebeli samuSaos Sesrulebisas. arcTu iSviaTia SemTxveva,

roca davalebad eZleva mxolod Temis an savarjiSos dasaxeleba da ar

mieTiTeba, romeli strategia gamoiyenos, rac samuSaos Sesrulebis dros

axangrZlivebs, xolo interesi dabalia.

moswavleze orientirebuli swavlebis mixedviT, moswavle unda

flobdes im saSualebebs, riTac Sedegs miaRwevs.

aRsaniSnavia, rom weris strategiebis gamoyeneba mravalferovani ar

aris. uZneldebaT saswavlo miznis Sesaferisi strategiis SerCeva.

integrirebul swavlebaSi wera da misi SefasebisaTvis sistema

ganmaviTarebeli swavleba efeqtianad ver gamoiyeneba.

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Tavi II _ saswavlo procesis marTva weris zogadi kompetenciebis

miRwevisaTvis.

$ 1. weris zogadi kompetenciebis gansazRvra

kompetencia, SesaZlebloba, Cveva, unari xSirad urTierTSemcveli da

garkveuli xarisxiT urTierTgadamfaravi mniSvnelobiT gamoiyeneba.

TiToeuli maTgani ukavSirdeba adamianis miRwevis SesaZleblobebs.

,,kompetencia” laTinuri sityvaa da niSnavs sakiTxTa wyebas, romlis

jerovani codna moepoveba visme (ucxo sityvaTa leqsikoni, 1989: 243). esaa

SesaZlebloba, ganaxorcielo kavSiri codnasa da situacias Soris,

miiRo Sesabamisi codna problemis gadasaWrelad.

,,kompetencia” aris codnaze, gamocdilebebze, Rirebulebebsa da

midrekilebebze dafuZnebuli saerTo unari, romelic ganaTlebisa da

TviTganaTlebis saSualebiT yalibdeba da ganapirobebs adamianis

socialur mobilobas” (z. cucqiriZe, n. orjonikiZe ,,ganaTlebis

Tanamedrove Teoriebi”, 2005: 107)

saswavlo sagnebSi, saganmanaTleblo programebSi aisaxeba akademiuri

kvalifikaciisTvis misaRwevi kompetenciebi. amrigad, termini

,,kompetencia” Semodis moswavlis, rogorc momavali studentis,

cnobierebaSi.

saSualo skolis saganmanaTleblo procesSi kompetenciis asaxvis

Sesaxeb Seqmnilia Sromebi ucxo enasa da fizikur kulturaSi, istoriasa

da humanitaruli ciklis sagnebSi (druJinina (2003), potaSkini (2002),

qsezonova (2001). xazgasmulia ganaTlebis xarisxis amaRlebaSi

kompetenciis miRwevis mniSvneloba.

aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT naSromSi gamoyenebulia termini

,,kompetencia”.

didaqtikuri principis Tanaxmad, swavleba gulisxmobs erT saganSi

miRebuli codnis gamoyenebas sxva saswavlo disciplinebSi (m. skatkini

(1981), i. lerneri (1982), v. cetlina (1982), l. zorina (1983)).

kompetenciebis miRwevaumaRlesi skolis yvela saganmanaTleblo

programis mizania da gansazRvrulia swavlebis sxvadasxva safexurze

yvela saswavlo saganSi. kompetenciebi iyofa dargobriv (dargisaTvis

53

specifikur) da zogad (transferul, yvela sferosTvis saerTo)

kompetenciebad.

amgvari midgoma gasaTvaliswinebelia saSualo skolaSi, romelic

umaRlesi skolis sastarto etapia da moicavs ganaTlebis sam safexurs:

dawyebiTs, sabazosa da saSualos. TiToeulis dasruleba fasdeba

qulebiT. Sefasebis Sedegebis mixedviT xdeba safexuridan safexurze

gadasvla. sagulisxmoa, rom saswavlo gegmebis SemuSavebis procesSi

2004-2006 wlebSi saskolo sistemaSi Semodioda kompetenciis cneba, magram

mkvidrad ar iyo dafuZnebuli.

kompetenciebis gansazRvra ganapirobebs safexuris warmatebiT

gavlaSi saswavlo sagnebis wvlilis mniSvnelobis amaRlebas.

standartebi inovaciuri SenaZenia, magram saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebiT

umaRles skolebSi moqmedebs kompetenciebze dafuZnebuli

saganmanaTleblo programebi, romelTa winapiroba saSualo skolis

saswavlo gegmaa (sagnobrivi programebi). daaxloebas xels Seuwyobs

kompetenciebze dafuZnebuli saSualo skolis programebi, romlis

Sesaqmnelad saukeTeso bazaa moqmedi standartebi da indikatorebi.

es problema Cveni kvlevis sagani ar aris, magram vvaraudobT, rom

kompetenciebze dafuZnebuli saSualo skolis saswavlo gegmebi

(sagnobrivi) programebi xvalindeli dRea.

saswavlo sagnis swavleba/swavlis axali midgomebi integrirebul

swavlebas da saganTa jgufebad dayofis zogadi da dargobrivi

kompetenciebis gansazRvras saWiroebs.

zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolaSi swavlebis samive safexurze

damkvidrda integrirebuli swavleba.integrireba esaa harmoniul da

koordinirebul erTian mTlianobad gadaqceva. (Civil– enciklopediuri

leqsikoni). integrirebuli swavleba ki gulisxmobs erTisa da imave

disciplinis farglebSi arsebuli sagnebis an mimarTulebebis erT

sagnad swavlebas, erTgvar situaciaSi naswavlis sxvagvar, gansxvavebul

situaciaSi gamoyenebas (transfers) (leqsikoni ganaTlebis

specialistebisaTvis, 2007: 61).

pedagogiur, meTodur da fsiqologiur literaturaSi xSirad

gamoiyeneba terminebi: integrirebuli swavleba, integraciuli kursebi,

54

integrirebuli gakveTili da a. S. arsebobs specialuri samecniero

naSromebi pedagogikaSi, romelTa avtorebi cdiloben miscen

gansazRvreba pedagogiuri integraciis fenomens:

,,integracia es aris mecnierebaTa daaxloebis da SekavSirebis

procesi, romelic diferenciaciis procesebis mxardamxar xorcieldeba.

is warmoadgens saganTaSorisi kavSirebis maRali formis xarisxobrivad

ufro maRal safexurze ayvanas” (n. serdiukova, 2006.)

,,integracia – wamyvani forma ganaTlebis procesTa

organizaciisa, bunebis kanonebis erTobisa. esaa erTianobaze dayrdnobiT

subieqtis mier garemomcveli samyaros erTmniSvnelovnad aRqma” (g.

monaxova, 1997).

integracia saswavlo disciplinebis organulad dakavSirebuli

sistemaa, romelic agebulia Cven garSemo arsebuli samyaros analogiiT.

swavlebis am kursis Sedegad xdeba codnaTa daxvewa, sistematizacia,

unarTa ganzogadeba, yalibdeba garesamyaros erTianoba, miiRweva

pirovnebis mravalmxrivi ganviTareba.

pedagogiuri integracia ganixileba rogorc Tanamedrove swavlebis

mecnieruli stili. Sesaswavli obieqtis dakvirvebas moswavle ar axdens

gancalkevebulad. kavSiris damyareba azrovnebis procesebisa da

moqmedebebis sxvadasxva formebs Soris uzrunvelyofs moswavleTa

qmedebis erTianobas da sistematurobas.

,,mecnieruli gamokvlevebi fsiqologiisa da pedagogikis sferoSi

gvaZlevs SesaZleblobas, davamtkicoT, rom swavleba, romelic agebulia

integraciis ideebze, araTu SesaZlebelia, aramed aucilebelic.” (m.

mamasaxlisi, g. berZuliSvili _,,integrirebuli swavleba elementarul

skolaSi”, qsu Sromebi 2007: 213).

erovnuli saswavlo programa moiTxovs swavlebis amocanebis

warmodgenas integrirebuli, koordinirebuli saxiT. amdenad, am

SemTxvevaSi wamyvani principia sagnis (enisa da literaturis)

Sinaarsobrivi erTianoba. nebismier saganSi nebismieri tipis teqstis

Seswavlisas moswavle msgavsi amocanebis winaSe dgeba. magaliTad, man

unda daadginos, ra struqturisaa teqsti, ra Sinaarsis Semcvelia, ra

enobrivi maxasiaTeblebi aqvs mas, ra tipis strategiebi unda gamoiyenos

55

mis gasaazreblad, axali teqstis Sesadgenad da auditoriis winaSe

saprezentaciod. ase rom, enobriv-komunikaciuri unarebi gamWoli

xasiaTisaa – am unarebis daufleba moswavles nebismieri sagnis

aTvisebis procesSi sWirdeba.

integrirebuli didaqtika gulisxmobs swavlisas miRebuli

gamocdilebis urTierTdakavSirebas, moswavlis mier SeZenili

gamocdilebis gadatanis xelSewyobas erTi sagnidan meoreSi. aseTi

midgoma ganamtkicebs unarebs, amdidrebs gamocdilebas da zrdis

moswavleTa qmedunarianobas. integrirebuli swavlebis organizacia

iZleva saSualebas aCvenos bavSvs samyaro mTeli Tavisi

mravalferovnebiT, rac xels uwyobs mozardis pirovnebis emociur

ganviTarebas, SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis formirebas.

aRsaniSnavia, rom saswavlo saganTa integrirebis problema

pedagogikis mecnierebis kvlevis sagani iyo jer kidev gasuli saukunis

80-ian wlebSi. am mimarTulebiT Seiqmna sayuradRebo naSromebi saswavlo

saganTa dajgufebis Sesaxeb (l. zorina (1980); v. cetlina (1981); z.

grigorieva (1981); v. Juravliovi (1981)). maTi mosazrebiT, saganTa

dajgufebis umTavres safuZvels erTiani saswavlo problema, mizani da

Sedegebi warmoadgenda. kvlevis danergva ganapirobebda moswavleTa

gantvirTvas (eqvsi-Svidi sagnis nacvlad saSinao davalebad

mosamzadeblad eqneboda sami sagani), aamaRlebda gakveTilis

efeqturobas. magram gamoiwvevda saswavlo gegmebsa da maswavlebelTa

datvirTvaSi mkveTr cvlilebebs da kvlevis Sedegebma praqtikuli

ganxorcieleba ver hpova.

Tanamedrove saswavlo gegmiT, sadac mocemulia calkeul saganSi

misaRwevi standartebi, gaTvaliswinebulia integrirebuli swavlebis

gaZliereba, swavleba orientirebulia moswavleze, iqmneba pirobebi

zogadi da sagnobrivi (dargobrivi) kompetenciebis gansazRvrisaTvis.

pedagogiur gamocdilebaze dafuZnebiT migvaCnia, rom weris

kompetenciebis dasaufleblad integrirebuli swavleba, sasurvelia,

warimarTos sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT: a)sagakveTilo procesSi CarTviT;

b) klasgareSe muSaobiT; g)werisaTvis momzadebis procesSi Tu uSualod

werisas.

56

weris kompetenciis dasaxvewad mniSvnelovania werasTan

dakavSirebuli aqtivobebis CarTva arasagakveTilo muSaobaSi: sawreo

saqmianobaSi, sadamrigeblo programasa Tu integrirebuli

gakveTilisTvis momzadebis procesSi.

integrirebuli gakveTili gulisxmobs sagakveTilo procesSi sul

mcire ori sagnis monawileobas ise, rom maTi Serwyma saSualebas

iZleodes erTi da imave Temis irgvliv daigegmos da Catardes

samuSaoebi/aqtivobebi, romelTa SesrulebiTac integrirebuli sagnebis

saswavlo Sedegebi saTanadod iqneba miRweuli.

aseTi gakveTilis Catarebisas mniSvnelovania gaviTvaliswinoT

miTiTebebi, romelic SemoTavazebulia ,,irmis naxtomis” saitze

http://ict.dlf.ge/sagnebis-integrireba; sagulisxmoa sxva vebgverdebze (www.slideshare.net;

www.ganatleba.org; www.education.ge; www.mes.gov.ge; www.tpdc.ge; lemill.net)ganTavsebuli

gamocdileba pedagogebisa (n. nasyidaSvili, n. canava-miqelaZe, l.

goCaSvili, m. kapanaZe, i. avaliani, m. joxaZe, n. xaraZe, n. ozbeTelaSvili,

n. nozaZe, m. nozaZe, m. doborjginiZe, T. xuroSvili, g. baramiZe, c.

kurtaniZe, q. lomiZe da sxv.).

integrirebuli gakveTilebisTvis arCeuli Tema erTdroulad

ukavSirdeba yvela im sagans, romelic gakveTilSia CarTuli. aucilebeli

da Zalian mniSvnelovania xelmZRvaneloba erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT,

sadac swavlebis safexurebis mixedviT mocemulia informacia im

Sedegebisa da indikatorebis Sesaxeb, razec unda gadiodes saswavlo

procesis dros dagegmili da SerCeuli samuSaoebi/aqtivobebi.

mniSvnelovania, klasis, moswavleTa profilis, Zlieri da susti

mxareebis gaTvaliswineba.

warmogidgenT sagakveTilo procesSi saganTSorisi integraciis

dagegmvis etapebs:

1. sagakveTilo Tematikisa da partniori-maswavleblis SerCeva.

SesaZlebelia jer SeirCes Tematika da am Tematikis garSemo moxdes

gundis Semokreba, an piriqiT, maswavleblebis gundma gadawyvitos

integrirebuli gakveTilis ganxorcieleba da am mizniT SearCios

yvelasaTvis saintereso Tematika.

2. sagakveTilo Temis, klasis profilis, gakveTilis miznisa da

57

erovnuli saswavlo gegmis Sedegebis dazusteba.

es etapi iTvaliswinebs ramdenime tipis aqtivobas: gakveTilis

dagegmviswina analizs, dagegmvas da dokumentirebas. maswavlebelTa

gundi axdens nabij-nabij „gakveTilis gegma-scenaris“ punqtebis Sevsebas.

gakveTilis Tematikisa da samuSao jgufis formirebis etapidan ukve

cnobilia swavlebis safexuri da klasi, romlisTvisac igegmeba

gakveTil(eb)is Catareba, aseve, cnobilia integrirebuli sagnebi,

maswavleblebis vinaoba da klasSi moswavleTa raodenoba. gundis mier

xdeba am monacemebis asaxva „sagakveTilo gegma-scenaris“ Sesabamis

grafebSi.

maswavleblebis mier winaswar SerCeuli saerTo Tematikis

farglebSi TiToeuli sagnisaTvis, erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT

gansazRvruli misaRwevi Sedegebi amoirCeva da „sagakveTilo gegmis“

Sesabamis grafaSi Caiwereba. swavlis Sedegebi aris saorientacio

wertili gakveTilis miznebisa da aqtivobebis dagegmvisas.

amave etapze xdeba moswavleTa SesaZleblobebisa da saWiroebebis

gansazRvra gundis mier zogadad da individualurad - sakuTari sagnebis

mixedviT; analizis safuZvelze ikveTeba klasis Zlieri Tu susti

mxareebi, moswavleTa mdgomareoba da saWiroebebisa Tu problemebis

nusxa, romelTa gadalaxvac iqneba aucilebeli erovnul saswavlo

gegmaSi dasaxuli Sedegebis misaRwevad.

rekomendaciebis mixedviT (mamasaxlisi, berZuliSvili da sxv.),

SerCeuli saerTo Tematikis farglebSi, erovnuli saswavlo gegmis

amorCeuli Sedegebis, moswavleTa SesaZleblobebisa da saWiroebebis

gaTvaliswinebiT, xdeba gakveTil(eb)is bolosaTvis dagegmili miznebis

gansazRvra TiToeuli integrirebuli disciplinisaTvis individualurad.

sagnebis mixedviT gakveTilis bolosaTvis dagegmili miznebi iwereba

„sagakveTilo gegmis“ Sesabamis grafaSi erTmaneTis qveS.

sakuTari pedagogiuri gamocdilebis mixedviT, ukeTesi Sedegi

miviReT, roca werasTan dakavSirebiT integrirebul sagnebs erTi saerTo

mizani aqvs. magaliTad, teqstis anotaciis Sedgena, sakvanZo sityvebis

amowera, gamoTqmebsa da faqtebze komentaris gakeTeba.

3. dasaxuli miznebis miRwevisaTvis gansaxorcielebuli aqtivobebis

58

dagegmva.

gakveTilis saswavlo miznebis miRwevisaTvis umniSvnelovanesia

swori pedagogiuri strategiebis da efeqturi saswavlo aqtivobebis

SerCeva. maTi saSualebiT xdeba dasaxuli sagakveTilo miznis miRweva.

saswavlo aqtivobebis dagegmvisas gasaTvaliswinebelia ramdenime

faqtori:

• gakveTilis saswavlo mizani, romelic, Tavis mxriv, gamomdinareobs

erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli sagnobrivi standartidan.

• klasis Semadgenloba.

• gakveTilis tipi (mimdinare, Semajamebeli..).

• pedagogiuri strategia.

1. varianti 1.

im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac erTi gakveTilis farglebSi ori an meti

sagnis swavleba mimdinareobs, saWiroa saswavlo aqtivobebi daigegmos am

sagnebis maswavleblebis mier erToblivad.

2. varianti 2.

Tu gakveTilebi tardeba cal-calke - maSin, aqtivobebic igegmeba

individualurad sagnebis mixedviT, Sesabamisi sagnis maswavleblis mier.

sasurvelia yvela aqtivoba dainomros Tanmimdevrobis mixedviT,

dasaTaurdes, ganesazRvros is qvemizani, romlis miRwevac igegmeba da

maqsimalurad detalurad aRiweros. aucileblad, unda mieTiTos dro,

romelic gankuTvnilia mis gansaxocieleblad. drois swori gansazRvra

umniSvnelovanesia gakveTilis warmatebuli ganxorcielebisaTvis. Tu

integrirebuli gakveTili moicavs gakveTilebis cikls, unda aRiweros

TiToeuli gakveTili cal-calke, erTmaneTis mimdevrobiT.

4. integrirebuli gakveTilis dagegmisas mniSvnelovania Sefasebis

sistemis efeqturi gamoyeneba.

5. gakveTilis sworაd dagegmisaTvis mniSvnelovania ganisazRvros

resursebi, romelTa gamoyenebac igegmeba gakveTilis msvlelobisas.

integrirebuli swavlebisas moswavleebi ukeTesad axerxeben erT

saganSi naswavli unarebis gadatanas meore saganSi. es ki

umniSvnelovanesi unaria (e.w. transferuli unari).

59

erovnuli saswavlo gegmis (sagnobrivi programebis) moTxovnebis,

kvlevis, piradi da mowinave maswavlebelTa gamocdilebis saswavlo

procesze dakvirvebis Sedegebis analizma daadastura varaudi, weris

zogadi kompetenciebis gansazRvris aucilebloba.

qarTuli enisa da literaturis swavleba/swavlis procesSi weris

mimarTulebiT SeZenili codnisa da unar-Cvevebis sxva saganSi efeqturad

gamoyenebisaTvis SevadgineT weris is zogadi kompetenciebi, romelTa

gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia sxva saswavlo saganSi.

SeviswavleT zogadi da dargobrivi kompetenciebi Semdeg wyaroebSi:

.,,dublinis maxasiaTeblebi (deskriptori)”, evropuli kvalifikaciebis

CarCo (2005), Tuningis proeqtis Sedegebi (2007); saqarTvelos akademiuri

umaRlesi ganaTlebis erovnuli kvalifikaciis CarCo” (2009), gamokvlevebi

avtorebisa: z. cucqiriZe, n. orjonikiZe (2005); m. klasini (1995); g.

druJinina (2000); loueni (2006). internetwyaroebi: www.mes.gov.ge; www.tpdc.ge;

lemill.net; www.education.ge; www.ganatleba.org; http://itf2010.k12.ge/Microsoft Partners in Learning;

www.literatura.ge; http://gearnbeta.blogspot.com; http://junior.tsu.ge; www.slideshare.net;

http://www.nbuv.gov.ua; http://www.narcom.ru/ideas/socio/57.html; http://www.gollandia.com/EduB.htm;

http://sangu.ge/new/images/ganatlebis_xarisixis.jpg;

internetwyaroebSi mocemulia zogadi, dargobrivi, originaluri

kompetenciebis CamonaTvali da maxasiaTeblebi.

saSualo skolaSi kompetenciebis problemis gansazRvrisas SiSovi

da l. kalnei (1995) gvTavazoben sami donis ierarqiul kompetencias:

ZiriTadi _ zogadi ganaTlebis Sinaarsi;

saganTSorisi _ garkveuli sagnobrivi wre;

sagnobrivi _ konkretuli aRwerisa da SesaZleblobebis formireba

saswavlo sagnis CarCoSi.

mTeli cxovrebis manZilze swavlis unaris ganviTarebis

xelSemwyobad am ierarqiuli doneebis gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia saSualo

skolaSi. CvenTvis gansakuTrebiT misaRebi aRmoCnda saganTaSorisi

kompetenciebis done.

weris zogadi kompetenciebis gansazRvris safuZvels qmnis:

a) erovnuli saswavlo gegma, romlis mixedviT saSualo skolis

saswavlo sagnebSi gamoiyofa eqvsi ZiriTadi jgufi. maTi gaerTianebis

mTavari mizania mravalferovani sagnobrivi sistematizacia. sagnobrivi

60

jgufebi Seicavs msgavsi miznebisa da Seswavlis sferoebis mqone sagnebs.

TiToeuli sagnobrivi jgufi iswavleba skolis samive safexurze

moswavlis mravalmxrivi ganviTarebis uzrunvelsayofad (erovnuli

saswavlo gegma. 2007: 19);

b) saganTa jgufSi gaerTianebuli sagnebis swavleba / swavlis

maRali xarisxis misaRwevad saWiro rogorc sagnobrivi, aseve zogadi,

saerTo miznebis misaRwevi Sedegebis donis gansazRvra;

g) im saSualebebis, meTodebis, strategiebis floba, romelic xels

Seuwyobs msgavsi miznebisa da Seswavlis sferos mqone saswavlo sagnebis

swavleba / swavlis xarisxis amaRlebas.

aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT gansazRvrulia weris zogadi

kompetenciebis nusxa, romelTa miRweva SesaZlebelia: a) saganTa jgufis

SigniT (qarTuli ena, qarTuli literatura); b) saganTa jgufebs Soris

(qarTuli ena da literatura, saqarTvelos istoria, saqarTvelos

geografia da sazogadoebrivi mecnierebebi; esTetikuri da SromiTi

aRzrda.

Cveni Tvalsazrisis Sesamowmeblad CavatareT kvleva.

kvlevis mizani: weris iseTi zogadi kompetenciebis SerCeva, romelic

gamosadegi iqneboda saswavlo saganTa jgufSi an jgufebSi msgavsi

saswavlo miznebis miRwevisa da saganTSorisi kavSiris

ganxorcielebisaTvis.

kvlevis monawile _ 75 pedagogi

kvlevis meTodi: gamoricxvis, statistikuri analizi.

kvlevis procedura: Cven mier Sedgenili weris zogadi kompetenciebi

gavacaniT kolegebs: sxvadasxva sagnis sertificirebul maswavleblebs,

axalbeda pedagogebs, staJiorebs, doqtorantebs, ganaTlebis doqtorebs,

veteran pedagogebs, romelTac didi da mdidari gamocdileba aqvT. maT

unda SeerCiaT xuTi-rva kompetencia, romlis miRweva sxvadasxva saganSi

saswavlo miznebidan da amocanebidan gamomdinare saWirod miaCndaT.

CavatareT ramdenime seminari, instruqtaJi, konsultacia. Y

kvlevis Sedegebi: yvela SeniSvna, kritika, winadadeba

gaviTvaliswineT da ganvsazRvreT weris zogadi kompetenciebi sabazo da

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saSualo safexurisaTvis.

informaciis mravalferovani wyaroebis gamoyenebiT wera;

naweris efeqturi organizeba;

dakvirvebis Sedegebis CaniSvna, Canawerebis da monaxazebis

gakeTeba;

weriTi metyvelebis, grafikebis, cxrilebis, diagramebis, sqemebis

gamoyeneba-gaanalizeba;

konceptualuri informaciis, Tezisebis amowera;

sakuTari azrisa da grZnobebis werilobiT gamoxatva;

problemis gadasaWrelad saWiro weriTi strategiebisa da

resursebis SerCeva, maTi gamoyeneba da efeqtianobis monitoringi;

gansazRvrul droSi wera;

sakvanZo sityvis SerCeva da imis mixedviT azris werilobiT

Camoyalibeba;

sxvadasxva saxis sakomunikacio werilebis Sedgena (informaciuli,

sakuTari Sexedulebebis gamomxatveli, problemis mosagvarebeli);

Tavisufali wera; ese;

weris formisa da stilis arCeva teqstis miznisa da auditoriis

gaTvaliswinebiT (samecniero, publicisturi, mxatvruli, oficialuri);

wera moulodnel Temebze, nanaxsa da gancdilze;

kritikuli Tvalsazrisis gamoxatva da dasabuTeba;

akademiuri wera;

werilobiTi angariSis momzadeba;

gegmis, scenaris, proeqtis dawera;

enobriv-gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebis gamoyenebiT wera;

sakuTari da sxvebis Semoqmedebis analizi, interpretireba;

recenzireba;

sakuTari SesaZleblobebisa da weraSi miRwevebis swori Sefaseba;

prezentaciisaTvis moxsenebis momzadeba.

gaCnda problema: kompetenciis cnebis Semotana xom ar gamoiwvevs

moswavleTa gadatvirTvas, gaugebrobas. problemaSi garkvevisaTvis

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CavatareT kvleva.

kvlevis mizani: weris kompetenciis miRwevisadmi moswavleTa

damokidebulebis Seswavla (sagani – qarTuli ena da literatura).

kvlevis meTodebi: TviTSefasebis Skala, statistikuri analizi.

kvlevis monawileni: VII – XII klasis 120 moswavle. maT Soris 60

sabazo safexuridan, 60 _ saSualo safexuridan;

kvlevis procedura: TviTSefasebisaTvis sabazo da saSualo

safexuris moswavleebs klasebis mixedviT daurigdaT kiTxvarebi

sxvadasxva safexurisaTvis saerTo standartebis Sesabamisi kompetenciebi.

kiTxvari moiTxovda moswavleTa pasuxebs: a)miTiTebul kompetenciebs

flobdnen SesaniSnavad, b)kargad, g)saWiroebdnen daxmarebas ama Tu im

kompetenciis gansaviTareblad.

sagulisxmoa, rom gamokiTxvisas dawesebuli iyo drois limiti.

kvleva Catarda sagnis maswavleblebTan erTad.

kiTxvarebSi mocemuli iyo saswavlo gegmis standartebiT

gansazRvruli kompetenciis dasaxeleba da TviTSefasebis Skala Semdegi

monacemebiT: kargad _ SesaniSnavad _ vsaWiroeb daxmarebas.

warmogidgenT erT-erTi kiTxvaris nimuSs:

weris formisa da stilis arCeva teqstis miznisa da

auditoriis gaTvaliswinebiT (samecniero, publicisturi,

mxatvruli, oficialuri);

vsaW

iroeb

ganviTar

ebas

kargad

Ses

aniS

navad

klasi VII

vwer werils sadac vurCev Tanatolebs, rom

aucileblad waikiTxon Cem mier mowonebuli wigni;

vwer wakiTxuli wignis anotacias sxvadasxva (avtoris,

gamomcemlis, mkiTxvelis) poziciidan;

vwer misaloc an mosawvev baraTs sxvadaxva

adresatisaTvis (megobris, nacnobis, asakiT ufrosi

adamianisaTvis).

wers sareklamo teqsts sxvadasxva

auditoriisaTvis(bavSvebisa da didebisaTvis)

vwer erTsa da imave istorias bavSvebisa da

ufrosebisaTvis;

63

vwer werils megobars, wignis avtors, personaJs,

gamoCenil adamians, Sesabamisad vcvli weris stils.

klasi VIII

viyenebiseTsaSualebebs(mag.: mwerlis,

sazogadomoRvawisgamonaTqvamebis/mosazrebebisdamowmeba,

mimarTvisanemociisgamoxatvisformebidasxva),racSeesabameba

auditoriasadamiznebs

auditoriis asakisa da codnis gaTvaliswinebiT

vaformeb teqsts

vwer konkretul problemaze sxvadasxva poziciidan

da sxvadasxva auditoriisaTvis (mag.: skolaSi arsebuli

problemuri situaciis Sesaxeb vwers mSoblis, Tavad

moswavlis, direqtoris da a. S. poziciidan);

warmovadgen problemuri sakiTxis Sesaxeb

informacias sxvadasxva mizniT (darwmunebis, TanagrZnobis

gamowvevis motiviT...)

klasi IX

werisas viTvaliswineb auditoriis asakobriv,

socialur, kulturul fons

auditoriisaTvis SevarCev teqstis tips

(literaturuli narkvevi, mimarTva, werili, rekomendacia,

veb-gverdi, ese da a. S.), vcdilob naweris Sinaarsidan

vupasuxo SekiTxvebs

konkretuli miznis mixedviT vcvli teqstis tips,

gadamyavs erTi tipis teqsti meoreSi (mag.: angariSis

teqsts vayalibeb TxrobiT teqstad);

auditoriis Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT SevarCev

sxvadasxva damarwmunebel / damainteresebel saSualebas

(iumors, paralels, mogonebas...)

klasi X

werisdawyebamdevazustebmizansdaauditorias

(risTvisvwer: TviTgamoxatvis, msmenelisinformirebis,

darwmunebisTumxatvrulinawarmoebisSeqmnismizniT;

virCevmiznisadaauditoriisTvisSesaferisstils (mag.:

TunaweriCemiTanatolebisanmaTzeumcrosebisTvisaagankuTvn

ili, virCevsaubrisstilsdamisSesatyvisleqsikas;

sakonferencioTemisaTvisakademiurstilsdasxva);

varCev da viyeneb wyaroebs miznisa da auditoriis

gaTvaliswinebiT;

gadmomaqvs warsul epoqebSi Seqmnili cnobili nawarmoebis fabula Tanamedrove epoqaSi da vTxzav

64

siuJets axali socialuri da istoriuli konteqstis gaTvaliswinebiT (mag.: ,,Tanamedrove mgzavris werilebi”);

klasi XI

weris dawyebamde ganvsazRvrav mizans, auditorias da

amis Sesabamisad virCev strategias

vwer sainformacio xasiaTis mimoxilvas sxvadasxva asakis, interesebis, codnis donis da a. S. auditoriisaTvis;

vwer eses SemoqmedebiTi TviTgamoxatvisaTvis, ganwyobilebebis, STabeWdilebebis, emociebis da a. S. gadmosacemad.

vwer pirad da oficialur werilebs saTanado modelebis gamoyenebiT da viyeneb saTanado dargis profesiul terminologias;

vwer saswavlo RonisZiebebis oqmebs RonisZiebebis angariSs;e. w. CV-s.saTanado sqemisa da standartis gamoyenebiT;

ganvarCev da Sesabamisi enobriv-gramatikuli saSualebebis gamoyenebiT werilobiT teqstSi warmovadgens sxvadasxva xasiaTis masalas: informacia, komentari, prognozi, varaudi, eWvi.

Savad Sesrulebis Semdeg gadavamuSaveb nawers (gadavxedav kritikuli TvaliT; amoviReb, Cavamateb, gadavaadgileb imis mixedviT: aris Tu ara saTqmeli logikurad dalagebuli, aris Tu ara Sesavali da daskvna efeqturi, aris Tu ara kavSiri winadadebebsa da abzacebs, teqstis calkeul nawilebs Soris, miesadageba Tu ara saTaurs)

klasi XII

sxvadasxvasaxisteqstisaTvis (referati, gamokvleva, analizi) vagebmiznobrivsqemas (raarisCemimizani? ramasalasgamoviyenebmiznismisaRwevad? rogoriiqnebaCeminawerisformati? rasaxisproblemebiSeiZlebaSemeqmnasmuSaobisasdarogorSemeZlebamaTidaZleva?)

saTanadodviyenebfunqciurstilTaSesaZlomonacvleobaskontaminaciuriteqstisfarglebSi, rocaerTmaneTsenacvlebaTxroba, msjeloba, aRwera;

icavssamecnieronaSromisformats: sakvlevisakiTxi, misSesaxebarsebuliliteraturis (Tvalsazrisebis, Sexedulebebis) mimoxilva, moswavlismierCatarebulikvlevisSedegebi, romelsaceyrdnobanaSromisZiriTadiTvalsazrisi, daskvna.

kvlevis dawyebamde CavatareT konsultacia kompetenciis raobis

Sesaxeb. aRsaniSnavia, rom moswavleebma, romlebic muSaoben axali

65

programis Sesabamisad, advilad gaiges kompetenciis Sesaxeb informacia.

gTavazobT kvlevis Sedegebis erTian analizs: moswavleTa 11%-ma

upasuxa, rom kompetenciebs floben ,,SesaniSnavad”, 28%-ma _ ,,kargad”, 61%-

ma _ ,,vsaWiroeb daxmarebas”. moswavleTa damokidebuleba weris

kompetenciis miRwevisaTvis dadebiTia.

maswavlebelTa damokidebulebis kvleva.

kvlevis mizani: maswavlebelTa damokidebuleba qarTul enasa da

literaturaSi miRweuli weris kompetenciebis sxva saganSi

gamoyenebasTan mimarTebisadmi.

kvlevis monawileebi: qalaqis 48, soflis 32 sxvadasxva sagnis

maswavlebeli.

kvlevis procedura: internetis meSveobiT vTxove kolegebs SeevsoT

kiTxvari. respodentebis SerCeva moxda maTi surviliT. monacemebi

Segrovda oTxi kviris manZilze, Semdeg gaanalizda disertantisa da

kaTedris ori wevris mier. orive monacemebis Sejerebis Semdeg gakeTda

daskvna.

kvleviskiTxvari:

1. ramdenad SesaZleblad migaCniaT, weris kompetencia aswavloT ise,

rom moswavleebma igi gamoiyenon sxva saganSi;

2. ramdenad misaRebia TqvenTvis sxva saganSi miRebuli weris

kompetenciis gamoyeneba Tqveni sagnis saswavlo miznis misaRwevad?

3. Tqveni gamocdilebiT, rogor ganaviTarebT moswavleTa mier sxva

saganSi dauflebul weris kompetencias Tqvens saganSi?

4. ramdenad mniSvnelovnad migaCniaT weris kompetenciebis roli

integrirebuli swavlebis ganxorcielebisaTvis?

kvlevis Sedegebi:

1. qarTuli enisa da literaturis maswavleblebi profesiul

ostatobad miiCneven, Tu SeZleben, rom moswavle daauflon weris im

kompetencias, romelic sxva saganSi gamoadgebaT;

2. sagnis maswavleblebi Tvlian, rom, Tu moswavle saswavlo

procesSi flobs im kompetencias, romelic sWirdeba weriTi davalebis

Sesrulebas, es zogavs dros gakveTilze da met saSualebas qmnis

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refleqsiisaTvis.

3. maswavleblebi aRniSnaven, rom weris kompetenciebis gamoyeneba

gansakuTrebiT efeqturad miaCniaT monaTesave saganTan Tu sxva ciklis

saganTan integrirebuli swavlebis dros.

amdenad, weris kompetenciebis gansazRvra xels uwyobs saswavlo

mizniT dasaxuli amocanis gadawyvetas, drois efeqtianad gamoyenebas

dagegmili Sedegis misaRwevad. igi sasargeblo aRmoCnda rogorc

moswavleebis, aseve maswavleblebisTvis.

$ 2. weris swavleba/swavlis gakveTilebi

weris kulturisdasaxvewad swavleba, sasurvelia, warimarTos

sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT, _ werisaTvis momzadebis procesSi Tu

uSualod werisas, sagakveTilo Tu klasgareSe muSaobaSi,sawreo

saqmianobasa da sadamrigeblo programiT gaTvaliswinebul aqtivobebSi.

Tumca weris swavleba/swavlis umTavresi forma, rasakvirvelia,

gakveTilia.

saswavlo procesi es aris maswavleblisa da moswavlis

mizanswrafuli saqmianoba arcodnidan codnisaken, swavleba/swavlis

sasurveli Sedegis miRebisaTvis. sityva ,,procesi” laTinuri sityvaa da

niSnavs raime movlenis Tanmimdevrul monacvleobas, ganuwyveteli

moZraobis erTianobas. (ucxo sityvaTa leqsikoni, 989: 415)

saswavlo process axasiaTebs saganmanaTleblo, aRmzrdelobiTi da

ganmaviTarebeli funqcia. (a. gobroniZe, 2000: 144)

saganmanaTleblo funqcia gulisxmobs mecnieruli codnis

SeTvisebas, specialuri da zogadi saswavlo unarisa da Cvevebis

Camoyalibebas. specialuri unar-Cvevebi moicavs dargobriv saswavlo

saganSi arsebul specifikur unar-Cvevebs, swavlebis procesSi

moswavleebi euflebian, agreTve, zogad unar-Cvevebs.

aRmzrdelobiTi funqcia gamomdinareobs saswavlo programis

Sinaarsidan da meTodebidan. igi vlindeba zneobriv da eTikur

Sexedulebebsa da damokidebulebebSi, Sromismoyvareobasa da

67

aqtiurobaSi, Seswavlilis praqtikulad gamoyenebis survilSi.

ganmaviTarebeli funqcia vlindeba saswavlo procesSi pirovnebis

gonebriv, inteleqtualur da zneobriv winsvlaSi, sensoruli aRqmis,

nebelobiTi, emociuri da motivaciuri sferos gaumjobesebaSi.

saswavlo procesis samive funqcia praqtikaSi xorcieldeba

maswavleblisa da moswavleTa saqmianobis Sinaarsis sworad warmarTviT,

swavlebis meTodebis saSualebebis SerCeviT, SefasebiTa da

TviTSefasebiT, gakveTiliT da klasgareSe formebis gamoyenebiT.

sagulisxmoa prof. iuri bibileiSvilis mier klasikuri pedagogiuri

memkvidreobisa da mowinave pedagogiuri gamocdilebis safuZvelze

Seqmnili sqema, ,,romlis mixedviT TvalsaCinod warmoCindeba sikeTe

ganmaviTarebeli swavlebisa da dromoWmuloba tradiciuli swavlebisa,

romelic ar iwvevs ganviTarebas. swavlebis es ori sistema gulisxmobs:

a) swavleba informaciis doneze→daswavla cnebebis doneze→Sefaseba

mexsierebis doneze; b) swavleba Ziebis doneze→daswavla gancdis

doneze→Sefaseba azrovnebis doneze. swavleba informaciis doneze

SezRudulia Sinaarsis gadmocemiT. sruliad sxva suraTs vxedavT

moazrovne maswavleblis gakveTilze” (i. bibileiSvili, `swavlebis

funqciebi”, rsu Sromebi, t. XI, 2008: 191).

saswavlo procesis Sesaxeb mniSvnelovani mecnieruli Sexedulebebi

arsebobs. pirvelad mecnieruli dasabuTeba mocemulia ian amos komenskis

,,did didaqtikaSi”. igi swavlebis process, mis struqturas, principebsa

da meTodebs ganixilavs, rogorc damokidebulebas bunebis kanonze da

misgan warmoebuls.

sayuradReboa jon diuis (1952) ,,moqmedebis pedagogikaSi”

ganviTarebuli mosazreba, sadac saswavlo procesis sayrden punqts

warmoadgens siZnelis SegrZneba, romelic gaivlis Semdeg etapebs:

siZnelis SegrZneba, misi aRmoCena da gansazRvra, misi gadawyvetis

SesaZlo Canafiqris wamoyeneba, daskvnis formulireba, romelic gamodis

SemoTavazebuli gadawyvetilebebidan (hipoTezis logikuri Semowmeba),

Semdegi dakvirveba, romelic uflebas iZleva miviRoT an uarvyoT

daskvna, romelic moicavs dadebiT da uaryofiT mtkicebas.

aRsaniSnavia, rom jon diuis ideebis mixedviT, aSS-Si Seqmnilia

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skola-laboratoriebi, sadac sxvadasxva qveynis specialistebis mier

periodulad xdeba dagrovili gamocdilebis gacnoba, gaziareba. maT

Soris iyvnen ganaTlebis departamentis wevrebi: lela TavdgiriZe, nana

makaraZe. diuis laboratoriebSi Tvlian, rom sworad agebul saswavlo

procesSi iqmneba situacia, sadac moswavleebi TviTon gadawyveten

amocanas, romelic dakavSirebulia individualur davalebasTan,

moTxovnasa da interesebTan. amgvari gageba daexmareba moswavleebs

sxvadasxva siZnelisa da problemis gadawyvetaSi, mudmivad gaafarToebs

da ganaviTarebs Tavis gamocdilebas.

sainteresoa istoriul-pedagogiuri midgoma, romlis Tanaxmad,

saswavlo procesSi bavSvis ganviTareba xdeba marTvadi socialuri

procesi, rac uzrunvelyofs moswavleTa mier kacobriobis istoriuli

gamocdilebis sxvadasxva sferos Sefasebas.

sayuradReboa sakuTriv pedagogiuri anu didaqtikuri midgoma,

romelic warmoaCens codnis aTvisebis etapebs, winaswar gansazRvruli

saswavlo procesis msvlelobisas (saswavlo masalis aRqma, misi

gaazreba-ganmtkiceba, praqtikaSi gamoyeneba).

saswavlo procesis fsiqologiur midgomaSi mraval SexedulebaTagan

aRsaniSnavia lev vigodskis Teoria ganmaviTarebeli (,,axlobeli”) zonis

Sesaxeb. ganviTarebis erTi zonidan saswavlo procesSi pirovneba

gadadis ganviTarebis momdevno uaxles zonaSi da ase Semdeg mTeli

cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi. (bela gomelauri, mamuka TavxeliZe, 2002)

saswavlo procesis didaqtikuri midgoma gulisxmobs pirovnebis

individualuri srulyofis kanonzomierebaTa da codnis progresis

ganviTarebis urTierTdamokidebulebas (l. zorina, 1978)

am mcire mimoxilvidanac naTlad Cans, rom saswavlo procesisadmi

sxvadasxva midgomis miuxedavad, erTiani da mniSvnelovania, rom

saswavlo procesi emsaxurebodes moswavlis ganviTarebas.

maswavleblis upirvelesi amocanaa swori midgomis misadageba, raTa

moswavlem weris procesSi iswavlos wera.

wera, zogadad, SemoqmedebiTi procesia da misi swavlebisas ar aris

mizanSewonili im midgomis gamoyeneba, romelic detalurad uxsnis

moswavleebs, romel nabijs ra unda mohyvebodes. ar arsebobs weris

69

erTaderTi swori gza. weris gamocdilebasTan erTad TandaTanobiT

gamovimuSavebT naSromis agebis sakuTar stils.

werisas gasaTvaliswinebelia daCqarebuli swavlis principebi,

romelic SemoTavazebulia damxmare saxelmZRvaneloSi ,,swavlebisa da

swavlis axali midgomebi”, 2003: 19:

swavla aris axlis Seqmna da ara informaciis dagroveba;

moswavlisa da maswavleblis TanamSromloba xels uwyobs swavlis

process;

swavlis procesSi CarTulia rogorc goneba, aseve sxeuli,

sxvadasxva SegrZneba erTdroulad;

swavla qmedebisa da ukukavSiris procesSi mimdinareobs;

dadebiTi emociebi aumjobesebs swavlis Sedegs;

warmosaxvis saSualebiT goneba swrafad da avtomaturad iTvisebs

informacias.

weris procesSi sasurvelia moswavleebs mivceT swavlis stilis

Sesatyvisi formis arCevis SesaZlebloba. swavlis stili Semdegnairad

ganisazRvreba:

holisti _ akeTebs mTlian mimoxilvas, Tu ra unda iswavlos da ra

gadawyvetileba unda gamoitanos mTliani suraTis Seqmnis da ara

detalebis ganxilvis Sedegad;

analitikosi _ detalurad ganixilavs saswavlo masalas da nawil-

nawil mihyveba, swavlobs mas;

mWevrmetyveli – swavlobs sityvebis, werisa da laparakis

saSualebiT, misTvis advilia citatebis gageba da gamoyeneba;

warmosaxvis unaris mqone _ advilad swavlobs suraTebiTa da

diagramebiT. mas urCevnia teqstis gaxleCa da sqematuri ideebis

Camoyalibeba, romlebic pirdapir kavSirSia mTavar ideebTan.

maswavleblebis mier ganmaviTarebeli swavlebis meTodebis aqtiurma

gamoyenebam moswavleTa saswavlo aqtivobebis mizanmimarTulma

warmarTvam SedarebiT ukeTesi aRmzrdelobiTi da ganmaviTarebeli

Sedegi mogvca, vidre tradiciuli struqturiT da meTodebiT

Catarebulma gakveTilma.

aRsaniSnavia, rom weris problemebi odiTganve iyo mecnierTa da

70

praqtikos maswavlebelTa kvlevis sagani. maTi naSromebi qmnian

safuZvels im axali midgomebis ganxorcielebisa, romelsac reforma

moiTxovs. magaliTad, weris procesis bolo etapis, naweris Sesworebisas

akaki Tofuria gvirCevs, ,,mokle frazebiT aRvniSnoT moswavlis

namuSevris saerTo maCvenebeli: ,,gegmianoba ar Cans”, `azrobrivad

Raribia”, `frazebi Warbobs”, ,,faqtiuri masala ar ici” da sxv. aseTi

xerxi gazrdis pasuxismgeblobas moswavleebSi da ufro Rrmad Caaxedebs

maT TavianTi naklovanebebis arsSi.” (a. Tofuria ,,qarTuli literaturis

swavlebis meTodika”, Tbilisi, 1991)

v. a. suxomlinski dawyebiTi klasebis moswavleebSi SemoqmedebiTi

weris unaris gansaviTareblad gvTavazobs weris swavlebis tradiciul

meTods: sanimuSo Txzulebis miwodebas, poeturi Semoqmedebis kiTxvas,

romelTa gacnoba, gameoreba gaaRviZebs moswavleebSi sakuTari poeturi

Tu prozauli Txzulebis Seqmnis survils. ,,Semoqmedeba TavisiT ar

ewveva bavSvebs, igi unda aswavlo. bavSvi mxolod maSin dawers

Txzulebas, roca maswavleblisagan moismens bunebis aRweras. bavSvebi

imeorebdnen Cems Txzulebebs da Semdeg TandaTanobiT gadadiodnen

maTTvis amaRelvebeli bunebis suraTebis aRweraze... roca moswavleebi

moxiblulni iyvnen bunebis simSvenieriT, vukiTxavdi leqsebs”. (1980: 214).

gasaziareblad migvaCnia, agreTve, Cikagos universitetis profesor

j. hiloqsis (kvlevebi Txzulebebze, 1986)mier SemoTavazebuli oTxi

midgoma weris procesis swavlebisa:

1. prezentacia – maswavlebeli moswavleebs uxsnis, rogoria kargi

naweri da mohyavs magaliTebi:

magaliTisaTvis mogvaqvs am midgomis gaTvaliswinebiT Catarebuli

aqtivoba SemoqmedebiTi weris ganviTarebisaTvis: I. ...gareT Tovs.

monitorze vaCvenebT citatebs: `movida Tovli da soflis gzebsa da

orRobeebSi TeTr umtvero sufrasaviT daego da daefina. saxlis

saxuravebi morTo TeTrad, TiTqo Zalze garecxili Cadrebi gadaafarao...

jer uwminduri da murtali fexi adamianisa ar mohxvedria da ar

gaucodvianebia es ucodveli Tovli.” (ilia WavWavaZe) `o, rogor miyvars

iisfer Tovlis qalwulebiviT xididan fena... Tovs, amnair dRis xarebam

lurji da daRaluli fifqiT damTova” (galaktion tabiZe); `TeTri

71

daTviviT movida Tovli da mxarze uxmod dagvado TaTi, TeTri fifqebi

cviodnen TrTolviT Cven ar gvesmoda CurCuli maTi” (vaxuSti

kotetiSvili); ,,me axla mxolod am TovliT vcxovrob, maTovs da maTovs

TeTri vardebi da rogorc Seni dumili, Tovlic savsea TrTolviT da

JruanteliT” (oTar WilaZe); `muSaobs TeTri xelTaTmanebiT, raTa

waSalos mindvris simwvanis, mTebis silurjis da nakadulis qurdobis

kvali” (tariel Wanturia).

II. moswavleebi qmnian Canaxatebs mSvenierebis aRqmis, sityvis

emociur-esTetikuri niuansebis grZnobis, sakuTari gancdebis safuZvelze.

gTavazobT Sesrulebuli davalebis erT-erT nimuSs piradi praqtikidan:

leila abaSiZe (IX kl.) TovliT motan ili fiqrebi

Tovs... aTovs dedamiwas... Cemi samSoblo TeTri sudariT imoseba... suli meyineba... TovaSi SemoWrili arili akiafebs liloWrels...

qveyana Wrelia... sinamdviles vucqer TvalebSi da, ase mgonia, rom adamianebs ar uyvarT erTmaneTi. gveliviT sisinebs boroteba. Cveni qveyana saTareSod aqvs uamrav flids Tu mparavs da yovelive amas pirjvariT faravs. rac mters gadaurCa, moyvarem mogvispo... ise makvirvebs da maocebs qarTvelis gulgriloba, rogorc agvistoSi mosulma Tovlma SeiZleba gagvaocos! xalxi sulierad gaRaribda. daRonda suli mZafri gancdebiT...

Tovs... Tvalebi cremliT mevseba... samagieros rom ver gadavuxdi gamamwarebels, guls mxolod imiT vijereb, rom

v w y e v l i . . . gana samSoblos moRalate wyevlis Rirsi araa?! cxel gulze yvela iwyevleba... vin var axla me? kudiani, mawyevari adamiani, Tu, ubralod, samSobloze usazRvrod Seyvarebuli gogona, romelsac amdeni siavis moTmena aRar unda?!

vcdilob xelis gulze davisva fanteli, minda mivesiyvarulo da vuTxra, rom vaZlev uflebas daipyros Cemi miwis, Cemi gamzrdeli ezos guli, magram fanteli male dneba da xelisgulze darCenil mis cremls Cemic emateba...

,,mtkiva, aba ar mtkiva?! miWirs, aba ar miWirs?! Sewyda wminda taZrisken mimavali nabiji”.

mainc ar vkargav imeds, rom CvenSi kidev gaiRviZebs namdvili qarTuli suli... imedi maqvs aRar gaagrZelebs gzas evropis gavliT wamosuli gaucxoebis seni! Cemo amayo ero, vici, ar giyvars naklis aRiareba! magram Tu ar dainaxe, ar aRiare Secdoma, verc aRmofxvri SenSi fesvebgadgmul uaryofiT Tvisebebs. gevedrebi, daiviwye Seni kudabzikoba, moinanie Secodebani Senni da gqondes imedi, rom yvelaferi gamoswordeba.

dedamiwas Tovli uyvardeba, kalTaSi isvams qarSi mofarfate TeTr fifqebs. cxovreba rTulia. Cveni misiaa, davicvaT Cveni adamianuri Rirseba, Tavi paikad ar

vigrZnoT da RvTis boZebuli saCuqari, sicocxle Cveni, rigianad movixmaroT. Tavs saqmiT gamoviCen, samSoblos sanTlad davenTebi da mamuls vaJkacebs davuzrdi.

amova mze da Tovli dadneba, cremlebad daiRvreba. dedamiwas didxans eqneba sveli kalTa am cremlebiT... gava dro. dedamiwas Seuxorcdeba Wriloba da Tovliscremlebidan aRmocenebul ias Caixutebs gulSi. dedis cremlebzec xom ia amodis?! Tovlic iasaviT spetaki da dedasaviT sayvarelia.

bolomde davixarjoT keTili saqmeebisTvis. gariskvis ar meSinia, mizans mivaRwev, lelos gavitan, Tu davecemi, wamodgomasac movaxerxeb. ar minda kurdReliviT guli miTrTodes, minda mjerodes sakuTari Tavis, ar minda damarcxeba vigemo cxovrebasTan brZolaSi. ara, ver SeZlebs, argamarTleba ver damjabnis!

axla Tovs. aTovs Cems fanjaras... mec viZirebi fiqrTa TovaSi da arili

72

meimedeba... velodebi mzes, siTbos da siyvaruls... ,,male momidi, gazafxulo”...

2. bunebrivi procesi – maswavlebeli avarjiSebs moswavleebs Tavisufal

weraSi, rogorc individualurad, aseve jgufurad;

maswavlebeli aZlevs moswavleebs Semdegi saxis davalebebs:

dawere 10 wuTSi Sen mier SerCeuli erT-erTi Tema: Cemi skola; qarTuli

tradiciebi; Cemi sayvareli saqme da sxv.

daasrule, Seavse an mocemuli sityvebisa da gamoTqmebis gamoyenebiT

Seadgine moTxroba;

dawere idea, Seavse amxanagis azri da gadaeci dasasruleblad meores;

gadmoeci sakuTari emocia. gTazobT am davalebis nimuSs piradi

gamocdilebidan:

Tornike gurgeniZe (XI kl.)

,,...cxovreba xanmoklea, erTi damTqnarebaa, nerwyvis gadaylapvaa...mivCerebivar saaTs,

yurs vugdeb mis wikwiks... midis da miaqvs Tan wami, wuTi, weli, Tve, saukune, saaTi!!!

viRacisTvis dRem daiTvala bolo wuTebi... daudga dro...

vcdilob, ar vugdo yuri gulisTqmas, davmalo tkivili, naRveli Cemi... minda

Cavwvde im sevdian, Sededebul tkivils Cems sulSi, ase rom mawvalebs, gavaSiSvlo es

umweo guli, tkivilisagan ganawamebi, savse uimedobiT.

ra aris sicocxle? ra gvelis sicocxlis Semdeg? risTvis vibrZviT? ra gvinda? kiTxvebi bevria, pasuxebi varaudebs efuZneba mxolod...

sicocxle _ Tvalis gaxela... swavla... megobrebi... Sroma... daRla... SiSi _ grZnob sicives, xedav, raRac Seicvala... raRacas xvdebi... eguebi... miqela Tu gabrieli, – celiT? ara ,,kalaSnikoviT“ xelSi, Sexeuli jinsebiT... sisxli meyineba... vvardebi qvesknelSi... veZeb haers...

Tvals vaxel... sxeulSi suli, gulSi ki cecxli... xelisgulze cxovrebis

fermkrTali, swori da utexi xazi. gulSi Cqari, mSvidi da feTqebadi pulsi, romelsac

mivyavar me sixarulisken. mivyavar da miaqanebs Cems cxovrebas. yoveldRe cvlileba,

imedi, gancda, sixaruli da mizani!

mixaria is, rom var, varsebob da myavs...”

3. koncentrirebuli praqtika _ maswavlebeli struqturirebul

davalebebs aZlevs moswavleebs, raTa maTi yuradReba weris garkveul

aspeqtebs miapyros.

erTi sagnis, movlenis, faqtis Sesaxeb dawereT sainformacio,

samecniero, mxatvruli teqsti.

dawereT informaciuli, mxardamWeri, damarwmunebeli, opoziciuri,

problemis mosagvarebeli, Txovnis, mokiTxvis, sakuTari azris

gamomxatveli werili, an kidev, erTi saxis werili miswereT sxvadasxva

adresats.

mocemuli biografiuli cnobaris mixedviT dawere am mwerlis

73

biografia. gamoiyene enobrivi konstruqciebi _ . . . –mde . . –iT adre; . . .

–dan . . . –is Semdeg (mag. Cabarebidan ori wlis Semdeg . . ). sityvebis

minimaluri raodenobaa _ 130.

mocemul suraTze dayrdnobiT Seadgine ambavi da gadmoeci

werilobiT _ ra xdeboda suraTis gadaRebamde ori saaTiT adre da ra

moxda mis Semdeg. daazuste personaJTa vinaoba, daaxasiaTe isini,

gadmoeci ambebi, miuTiTe movlenaTa Tanamimdevroba, dro da adgili.

minimaluri dro _ 5 wuTi.

4. unarebi – maswavlebeli weris process komponentebad hyofs da

moswavleebs am komponentebze, yvelaze erTad an TiToeulze cal-

calke avarjiSebs.

weris procesis komponentebia: 1. weris wina etapi; 2. wera; 3. naweris

Sesworeba/gadakiTxva.

TiToeuli komponentSi gamoiyofa qvekomponentebi. magaliTad, am

midgomis Tanaxmad, moswavleebs vavarjiSebT komponentze _ naweris

Sesworeba/gadakiTxva.

naweris wakiTxva Txzulebis logikurobis dadgenis mizniT;

naweris wakiTxva sityvebisa da frazebis Semowmebis mizniT (anu

imisaTvis, davadginoT, ramdenad sworad aris SerCeuli esa Tu is fraza);

naweris wakiTxva imis Sesamowmeblad, ramdenad sworadaa

SeTanxmebuli TiToeuli Semasmeneli qvemdebaresTan;

naweris wakiTxva punqtuaciisa da marTlweris Semowmebis mizniT.

hiloqsis kvlevebis mixedviT yvelaze efeqturi aRmoCnda weris

procesis aTvisebisaTvis midgoma, romelic koncentrirebuli praqtikis

saxeliTaa moxseniebuli _ maswavlebeli moswavleebs procesis

komponentebsa da qvekomponentebs warmoudgens da struqturirebuli

davalebebiT swored konkretul komponentze an qvekomponentze akeTebs

aqcents. mag.: maswavlebelma moswavleebs SeiZleba sTxovos Txzulebis

momzadeba, romlis weris drosac moswavleebma yuradReba makavSirebeli

frazebis efeqturad gamoyenebaze unda gaamaxvilon. (robert j. marzano,

debra j. fiqeringi, jein i. foloqi, `efeqturi swavleba skolaSi”,

Tbilisi, 2009: 173)

problemebis ukeT warmoCenis mizniT werasTan dakavSirebul

74

sakiTxebs ganvixilavT saswavlo procesis organizaciis iseTi nacadi

formis mixedviT, rogoricaa gakveTili. saswavlo procesisadmi

sxvadasxva Sexedulebebisa da midgomebis miuxedavad, gakveTili mainc

rCeba swavlebisa da aRzrdis organizaciis ZiriTad formad.

weraSi arsebuli problemebis aRmosafxvrelad mniSvnelovania

gakveTilis tipis sworad SerCeva. gasaTvaliswinebelia sagnis

Taviseburebebi, Sesaswavli masalis xasiaTi, moswavleTa asaki, klasis

Semadgenloba, inteleqtualuri SesaZlebloba, gamosayenebeli meTodebis

efeqturoba.

mTavari didaqtikuri miznis mixedviT gamoiyofa gakveTilis

sxvadasxva tipebi, romelTa Sesaxeb mniSvnelovani gamokvlevebi arsebobs.

gakveTilis klasifikacia mecadineobis Catarebis xerxis mixedviT

moicavs Semdeg saxeebs: gakveTili_leqcia, gakveTili_saubari, gakveTili-

eqskursia, kino-gakveTili, klasSi moswavleTa damoukidebeli muSaobis

gakveTili, praqtikuli mecadineobis gakveTili.

mTavari didaqtikuri miznis mixedviT gamoiyofa gakveTilis Semdegi

tipebi: kombinirebuli anu Sereuli gakveTili, axali codnis gadacemis

gakveTili, Seswavlili masalis ganmtkicebis, ganzogadebis gakveTili,

codnis, unarisa da Cvevebis Sefasebis gakveTili.

Taviseburad sainteresoa gakveTilis tipebi n. p. guzikis (n. p. guziki,

,,vaswavloT swavla”, moskovi, 1981.) mixedviT, romelSic Sedis: Temis

saerTo ganxilvisa da Seswavlis meTodika; seminaruli mecadineoba,

sadac xorcieldeba individualuri muSaoba Seswavlil masalaze;

codnis ganzogadebisa da sistematizaciis gakveTili, e. w. Tematikuri

CaTvlebi: saganTa Soris masalis ganzogadebis gakveTili (Tematuri

davalebis CaTvlis gakveTili; gakveTili-praqtikumi).

cnobili didaqtikosebi i. a. lerneri da m. n. skatkini gakveTilis

struqturebidan gamomdinare gamoyofen Semdeg tipebs: axali masalis

gadacemisa da aTvisebis gakveTili; codnis gamoyenebis, unarisa da

Cvevebis formirebis gakveTili; codnisa da unaris SemoqmedebiTad

gamoyenebis problemuri gakveTili; ganmazogadebeli, ganmeorebis,

codnisa da unaris sistematizaciis gakveTili; sxvadasxva elementebis

Serwymis gakveTili.

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akad. d. lorTqifaniZe gamoyofs gakveTilis Semdeg tipebs: axali

masalis gadacemis, kombinirebuli; gameoreba-ganzogadebis; codnis

Semowmeba-Sefasebis gakveTilebi.

konkretuli gakveTilis struqtura ganisazRvreba misi tipiT,

saswavlo sagnis TaviseburebiT, Sesaswavli masalis xasiaTiT,

moswavleTa asakobrivi TaviseburebebiT, zogjer ki ama Tu im klasis

moswavleTa konkretuli SemadgenlobiT.

gakveTilis mizanma, Sinaarsma SeiZleba gvikarnaxos misi iseTi

agebuleba, roca gakveTilis etapebi erTdroulad wyveten ramdenime

didaqtikur amocanas, isini struqturulad dayofili arian sxvadasxva

TanmimdevrobiT da drodadro erwymian erTmaneTs. (a. gobroniZe,

,,pedagogika”, 2000.)

XX saukunis 60-70 wlebSi Catarda Teoriuli da eqsperimentuli

kvlevebi, ris Sedegadac dadginda ganmaviTarebeli swavlebis

mimarTulebebi, SemuSavda problemuri swavlis meTodebi, problemuri

gakveTilis modeli. aRniSnulis safuZvels warmoadgenda l. vigodskis, s.

rubinSteinis, g. skatkinis, i. lerneris, d. uznaZis Teoriuli da

praqtikuli rekomendaciebi.

didaqtikuri swavlebis umTavres amocanad mortimer adleri (1972)

miiCnevs karg axsnas, romlis mTavari komponentebia: didaqtikuri

swavleba, wvrTna, sokratuli swavleba. (,,ganviTarebisa da swavlis

Teoriebi”, 2008: 203). am meTodebs Tavisi Teoriis WrilSi ganixilavs

devid perkinsi (2007). didaqtikuri swavlebaSiadleri gulisxmobs

maswavleblisa Tu teqstis saSualebiT moswavlisaTvis informaciis

naTlad miwodebas, axsnas. am procesis saSualebiT SegviZlia vupasuxoT

kiTxvebs: ra, sad da ratom.

wvrTna. mas Semdeg, rac maswavlebeli moswavleebs informacias

miawvdis, icvleba misi roli da igi xdeba erTgvari mwvrTneli. sportul

mwvrTnelTan metafora tyuilad ar aris SerCeuli. igi akvirdeba da

mimarTulebas aZlevs Tavis moswavleebs; aRniSnavs maT siZlieres,

gamoavlens sisusteebs, icis, konkretulad ra kuTxiT sWirdebaT ufro

meti varjiSi.

sokratuli swavleba. didaqtikuri swavlebisas moswavleebs

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veubnebiT, ra unda gaakeTon, maT gzasa da mimarTulebas vuCvenebT. am

SemTxvevaSi bavSvebi konkretul kiTxvebze pasuxebs swavloben.

sokratuli swavlebis dros ki maswavlebels ara aqvs mza pasuxebi, igi

problemur kiTxvas svams da moswavleebs sTxovs, dafiqrdnen. kiTxvebi

SeiZleba zogadi iyos: ras fiqrobT am sakiTxze? rogoria Tqveni

pozicia? maswavlebeli cdilobs, ise gamoiyenos kiTxvebis dasmis

meTodi, rom bavSvebi problemis gadawyvetamde TviTon mividnen.

sayuradRebo da Tanamedrove skolisTvis saintereso gamokvlevaa

imer basilaZisa da leila abzianiZis ,,gakveTili, rogorc pedagogiuri

fenomeni” (qsu, 2009). wigni gvTavazobs gakveTilis uaxles formebs, sadac

ganxilulia gakveTilis organizaciasTan dakavSirebuli axali

midgomebi, maT Soris swavlebis interaqtiuli strategiebi gakveTilze,

aqtiuri swavlebis danergvis safuZvlebi gakveTilze, gakveTilis

didaqtikuri modeli.

gakveTilis dagegmvis variantebs gvTavazoben kvalifikaciis

asamaRlebel treningebze, sxvadasxva klasis saxelmZRvaneloebis

Tanmxleb ,,maswavleblis wignSi”, maswavlebelTa profesiuli

ganviTarebis erovnuli centris saitze www.tpdc.ge, damxmare

saxelmZRvaneloebSi (swavlebisa da swavlis axali midgomebi, 2003 da

sxv.). SevCerdiT formatze, romelic SemoTavazebulia damxmare

saxelmZRvaneloSi ,,swavleba da Sefaseba” (n. dalaqiSvili, 2008. 69).

saswavlo miznebi

saswavlo miznebi gamoxataven imas, rasac swavlis procesSi unda

mivaRwioT, anu ra codna da unar-Cveva unda SeiZinon moswavleebma. mizani

unda ukavSirdebodes saswavlo gegmis Sedegebs.

winapirobebi

aRwereT ra unda icodes da risi gakeTeba unda SeeZlos moswavles,

rom gakveTili iyos warmatebuli.

gakveTilis mimdinareoba

rogor iwyebT gakveTils? rogoria gakveTilis mimdinareoba? ra

aqtivobebi gaqvT dagegmili? rogoria maTi Tanamimdevroba? miznis

misaRwevad ras gaakeTebT Tqven da ras gaakeTeben moswavleebi? rogor

daasrulebT gakveTils?

77

moswavleebis organizeba

rogor vamuSaveb moswavleebs individualurad, wyvilebSi, jgufebSi

Tu mTel klasTan erTad? rogor mivusadagebT samuSaos maT

SesaZleblobebs.

drois ganawileba

romel aqtivobas ramden wuTs davuTmob?

resursebi

ra mWirdeba iseTi, rac damexmareba saswavlo procesis efeqtianad

warsamarTad? ra tipis resursebs gamoviyeneb (saxelmZRvanelos,

Jurnalebs, statiebs, samuSao furclebs, telefilmebs, internets da a.S.

damatebiTi aqtivobebi

codnis gansamtkicebeli aqtivobebi _ saSinao davaleba an momdevno

gakveTilisTvis dagegmili mcirexniani aqtivoba.

Sefaseba

ra moqmedebis Sesruleba unda SeZlos moswavleebma imisTvis, rom

vicodeT, mivaRwieT Tu ara mizans?

TviTSefaseba

ra iyo gakveTilze kargi, risi gaumjobesebaa sasurveli? ra

gsurdaT da ras miaRwieT?

weris swavleba/swavla aisaxeba gakveTilis dagegmvis scenarSi.

gakveTilis dagegmvisaTvis gasaTvaliswinebelia:

moswavleTa motivaciis amaRleba;

moswavleTa interesis gaTvaliswineba;

arCevanis saSualeba;

mravalferovani meTodebis, strategiebis gamoyeneba;

urTierTndobis, keTilganwyobis, mwvave konkurenciis gamoricxvis,

mSvidi atmosferos Seqmna.

daxmareba moswavleebisadmi warmatebuli Sedegis miRwevaSi;

maswavleblis saubris xangrZlivoba ar sWarbobdes moswavlisas;

aqtivobebSi moswavleTa CarTvis pirobebis Seqmna;

drois efeqtianad gamoyeneba;

78

moswavleTa gadatvirTvis Tavidan acileba;

Sefasebis miRweuli SedegiT sixarulis gancda.

ganvixilavT gakveTilze weris Semdeg variantebs:

I. wera CarTulia gakveTilis msvlelobis dagegmvaSi;

II. gakveTilis erT-erTi mizania weris kompetenciebze daufleba

strategiebis gamoyenebiT.

III. gakveTilis mizania weris kompetenciis miRweuli donis Sefaseba

(Semajamebeli wera).

IV. wera saSinao davalebis Sesrulebisas.

saskolo praqtikaSi arsebuli viTarebis Sesaswavlad CavatareT kvleva.

kvlevis mizani: skolis praqtikaSi gakveTilze dagegmvisa da

ganxorcielebisaTvis gankuTvnili drois dadgena.

kvlevis meTodebi: interviu, sagakveTilo procesze dakvirveba,

monacemTa daxarisxeba, analizi.

kvlevis monawileni: baTumis #21 sajaro skolis da internetsaitiT

VII-XII klasis moswavle da maswavlebeli surviliT.

kvlevis procedura:

internetsaitze ganvaTavseT Txovna epasuxaT humanitaruli ciklis

sagnebis mixedviT Semdeg kiTxvebze:

1. ramden dros uTmobT gakveTilze weras?

2.uTmobT Tu ara mTlian sagakveTilo dros weris strategiebis

swavleba/swavlas?

3. ramden dros uTmobT gakveTilze weris Sefasebas?

4.ramden dros uTmobT weras saSinao davalebis Sesrulebisas?

igive kiTxvebis mixedviT ganvaxorcieleT sagakveTilo procesze

dakvirveba. amaSi gvexmarebodnen kaTedris wevrebi.

kvlevis Catarebis dro: 2010 wlis oqtomberi.

kvlevis Sedegebis analizi: internetsaitze gamogvexmaura ocamde

skolis VII-XII klasis 65 moswavle da 36 maswavlebeli, dakvirvebis

procesSi monawileobda 26 moswavle da 12 maswavlebeli. sul 81

moswavle da 48 maswavlebeli. maT Soris qarTuli enisa da literaturis

sagans ganekuTvneboda 46 moswavle da 29 maswavlebeli, 35 moswavle da 19

maswavlebeli warmoadgenda sxvadasxva sagans (istoria, geografia,

79

xelovneba, samoqalaqo ganaTleba).

monacemTa daxarisxebiT Sedegebi erTmaneTs uaxlovdeboda, amitom

warmogidgenT erTian analizs:

I. gakveTilze weras eTmoba 5-6 wuTi: qarTuli enis, samoqalaqo

ganaTlebis gakveTilebze. sxva SemTxvevaSi iSviaTad 3-4 wuTi.

II. weris strategiebis swavleba/swavlas mTliani sagakveTilo dro ar

eTmoba 3 gamonaklisis garda.

III. gakveTilze weris SefasebisaTvis dro dagegmili ar aris, iyo

weris SefasebisaTvis dros-2 wuTis gamoyofis 5 SemTxveva.

IV. saSinao davalebis Sesrulebisas weras eTmoba 60-65 wuTi _

qarTuli ena da literatura, istoria, 20-30 wuTi _ geografia,

xelovneba, 10-15 wuTi _ samoqalaqo ganaTleba.

kvlevis Sedegebis mixedviT saSinao davalebis Sesrulebisas weras

eTmoba yvelaze meti dro.

kvlevis miRebulma Sedegebma ganapiroba kvlevis meore etapis

ganxorcieleba.

kvlevis mizani: moswavleTa mier Sesrulebuli weriTi samuSaos

saxeebis da daniSnulebis garkveva.

kvlevis meTodi: interviu, saubari.

kvlevis monawileni: igiveni, vinc pirvel etapze.

kvlevis procedura: internetsaitze ganvaTavseT kvlevis pirveli

etapis Sedegebi da vTxoveT epasuxaT kiTxvebze: ras weren gakveTilze,

ras weren Sin, ra mizniT weren, ra daniSnuleba aqvT maT nawers. igive

kiTxvebiT dialogi gavmarTeT baTumis #21 sajaro skolis

moswavleebTan.

kvlevis Sedegebis analizi: moswavleebi gakveTilze weren

savarjiSoebs, iweren dafidan, weren jgufebis muSaobis Sedegebs. saSinao

davalebis Sesrulebisas weren kiTxvebze pasuxebs, mokle Sinaarss,

gegmebs, Temebs, iweren enciklopediidan an sxva wyaroebidan masalebs.

weris gakveTilze maswavleblis miTiTebis Sesrulebis mizniT weren.

saSinao davalebis Sesrulebis gareSe maRal qulas ver miiReben,

gakveTilze ver movlen, Tumca maTi Sesrulebuli davaleba xSirad ar

xdeba Sefasebis sagani.

80

kvlevis Sedegebis orive etapis analizis mixedviT saWirod miviCnieT

gakveTilis dagegmvaSi mkafiod agvesaxa weriTi saqmianoba oTxive

variantis gaTvaliswinebiT.

dagegmvisaTvis SevarCieT praqtikaSi gavrcelebuli gegma-scenari,

romelic mcire moculobisaa, moicavs mizans, Sesabamis aqtivobas, drois

ganawilebas, resursebs, Sefasebis kriteriumebs.

gegma-scenari miuTiTebs, ra moxdeba gakveTilze. maswavlebeli

situaciis Sesabamisad cvlis mas. gegma-scenaris Sedgenisas

gasaTvaliswinebelia: moswavleTa codnis done, Sesaswavli masala,

motivacia, resursebis momzadeba, Sefasebis kriteriumebis gansazRvra,

ras gaakeTeben moswavleebi gakveTilze. gamocdileba cxadyofs, rom

efeqturia Tavdapirvelad saswavlo miznebis da Sedegebis gansazRvra,

Semdeg Sesabamisad aqtivobebis, resursebis, drois dagegmva.

piradi gamocdilebisa da kvlevis Sedegebis gaTvaliswinebiT,

kolegebTan SeTanxmebiT SevimuSaveT gakveTilis gegma-scenaris formebi,

romlis gamoyenebam efeqturi Sedegi mogvca, rac gamoixata SemdegSi:

moswavleebma ukeT gaacnobieres weriTi samuSaos daniSnuleba,

gauadvildaT saSinao davalebis Sesruleba. warmogidgenT gakveTilis

gegma-scenaris nimuSebs:

I varianti

wera CarTulia gakveTilis msvlelobaSi

sagani qarTuli ena da literatura

klasi VIII

TariRi --------------------

maswavlebeli --------------------

gakveTilis Tema Wabua amirejibi -,,mose zamTaraZis naambobi”

(nawyveti roman ,,daTa TuTaSxiadan”)

gakveTilis

miznebi da

Sedegebi

garkveuli Tvalsazrisis Semcveli teqstis wakiTxva;

wera konkretul sakiTxze saTanado argumentebis

moxmobiT

gakveTilis

msvleloba /

saklaso

menejmenti

I. gamowvevis faza

saerTo saklaso samuSao (5 wT)

fragmentebis Cveneba filmidan;

II. Sinaarsis realizebis faza

wyviluri samuSao (7 wT)

81

a) markirebuli kiTxva: gamoyaviT teqstSi adgilebi,

sadac mJRavndeba mTxrobelis damokidebuleba

naambobisadmi;

saerTo saklaso samuSao (8 wT)

b) diskusia: ra Tvalsazrisis Semcvelia wakiTxuli

teqsti?

III. refleqsiis faza

individualuri samuSao (12 wT)

wera (Temas irCevs moswavle):

a) msjeloba: ratom irqmevs seTuri sxvadasxva saxels?

b) STabeWdilebis gadmocema: ,,vin iyo da ra iyo es

qali...”;

g)aRwera: asineTis portreti (kinofilmidan,

nawarmoebidan).

individualuri samuSao (10 wT)

dialogi _ gamoxate sakuTari damokidebuleba: ,,fiqrebi

teqstis gacnobis Semdeg”.

individualuri samuSao (3 wT)

saSinao davaleba:

a) waikiTxeT teqstis II nawili;

b) amoiwereT teqstidan moses an daTas Tvalsazrisi

da gaakeTe komentari werilobiT.

Sefasebis

komponentebi

swrafi kiTxvis unari; konkretul sakiTxze argumentebis

moxmobiT sakuTari damokidebulebis werilobiT gamoxatva

saganmanaTleblo

resursebi saxelmZRvanelo, kompiuteri, proeqtori, furclebi.

II varianti

gakveTilis erT-erTi mizania weris strategiebze daufleba

sagani qarTuli ena da literatura

klasi VII

TariRi --------------------

maswavlebeli ...

gakveTilis Tema ana kalandaZe- `modioda nino mTebiT”

gakveTilis

miznebi da

Sedegebi

poeturi Janris nawarmoebis mxatvruli kiTxva;

wakiTxul mxatvrul nawarmoebze gamoxmaurebis

dawera

82

gakveTilis

msvleloba /

saklaso

menejmenti

I. gamowvevis faza saerTo saklaso samuSao (5 wT)

videoCanaweris Cveneba: `kiTxulobs ana kalandaZe”;

II. Sinaarsis realizebis faza

individualuri samuSao (10 wT)

konkursi ,,erTi leqsis mxatvruli kiTxva”

individualuri samuSao (10 wT)

wera: `roca pirvelad movismine leqsi ,,modioda nino

mTebiT”. instruqtaJi: gancdilisa da mosmenilis Cawera.

individualuri samuSao (5 wT)

weriTi namuSevrebis prezentacia

wyviluri samuSao (5 wT)

wera: leqsiT gadmocemuli istoriuli ambis Sefaseba

mecnierulad _ ,,miiRes naTeli da Tayvaniscema wmidisa

jvarisai” da mxatvruli TvalsazrisiT _ ,,poeziis eniT”.

III. refleqsiis faza

,,saavtoro skami”_ gamarjvebuli weriTi namuSevris

gamovlena _ (8 wT)

saSinao weriTi samuSao: Txzuleba ,,magram rwmena

avalebda raodens” _ (2 wT)

Sefasebis

komponentebi

leqsis ritmisa da emociuri ganwyobis gadmocema;

leqsiT gamowveuli gancdebis werilobiT gadmocema

leqsis Sefasebisadmi sakuTari damokidebulebis

Cawera

saganmanaTleblo

resursebi

saxelmZRvanelo, kompiuteri, proeqtori,

videoCanaweri, furclebi, prizi.

III varianti

gakveTilis mizania weris miRweuli donis Sefaseba

sagani qarTuli ena da literatura

klasi IX

TariRi --------------------

maswavlebeli ...

gakveTilis Tema weris kultura

gakveTilis

miznebi da

Sedegebi

moswavleTaA weriTi kulturis Zlieri da susti

mxareebis gamovlena

83

gakveTilis

msvleloba /

saklaso

menejmenti

saerTo saklaso samuSao (5 wT)

gonebrivi ieriSi: ,,ras weren moswavleebi?”

individualuri samuSao (10 wT)

weriTi davaleba arCeviT:

1. sayvareli nawarmoebis, kinofilmis, speqtaklis mokle Sinaarsi;

2. sakvanZo sityvebis gamoyenebiT ambis SeTxzva; 3. nawarmoebis personaJis daxasiaTeba; 4. ,,me vfiqrob, rom...” wyviluri samuSao (10 wT)

recenziis dawera _ moswavleebi gaasworeben

erTmaneTis namuSevrebs. recenzias waikiTxaven xmamaRla.

aRniSnaven Zlier da sust mxareebs.

jgufuri weriTi samuSao (SemfasebelTa SeniSvnebis

gaTvaliswinebiT): 10 wT

1. stumrad otia ioselianTan; 2. nawarmoebis ori personaJis SedarebiTi daxasiaTeba; 3. moTxroba mkiTxvelisaTvis; 4. ,,saiT midian Rrublebi” individualuri samuSao 7 wT

prezentacia

wyviluri samuSao 3 wT

Sefaseba da TviTSefaseba

Sefasebis

kriteriumebi

Tema pasuxobs saTaurs; azri Cawerilia mkafiod,

Tanmimdevrulad, gamoxatulia avtoris damokidebuleba;

daculia drois limiti; gamoyenebulia mdidari leqsika,

gamovlenilia Temis codna; daSvebulia orTografiuli

da stilisturi Secdomebi.

saganmanaTleblo

resursebi

saxelmZRvanelo, kompiuteri, proeqtori, videoCanaweri,

furclebi, prizi.

IV varianti

wera saSinao davalebis Sesrulebisas

sagani qarTuli ena da literatura

klasi IX

TariRi --------------------

maswavlebeli ...

gakveTilis Tema vfiqrob galaktionis leqsze ,,qebaTa qeba

nikorwmindas”

84

saswavlo

amocanebi

gakveTilze miRebuli codnis gamoyeneba sxva situaciaSi;

mxatvruli nawarmoebis mimarT sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatvisaTvis wyaroebis gamoyeneba

aqtivobebi

I. weriTi samuSaos gegmis Sedgena _ 5 wT galaktion tabiZis leqsiT ,,qebaTa qeba nikorwmindas”

gamowveuli sakuTari gancdebis aRwera;

II. amonaridebis analizi: _ 15 wT g. tabiZe ,,vinac gaigebs CuqurTmas qarTuls, is poezias

Cemsas gaigebs”;

r. siraZe ,,saxismetyveleba qarTul CuqurTmaSi”;

gr. robaqiZe ,,galaktion tabiZe da misi ,,qebaTa qeba

nikorwmindas”.

III. nikorwmindas (foto da videomasalis) xilviT gamowveuli STabeWdilebis Cawera _ 5 wT

IV. weris Temisa da stilis arCeva: _ 5 wT

werili ucxoel megobars;

Tema sakontrolo werisaTvis;

wera CemTvis. V. Savi naweris redaqtireba; _ 20 wT VI. TviTSefaseba; _ 5 wT VII. saboloo variantis gadawera_ 10 wT

saganmanaTleblo

resursebi

saxelmZRvanelo, g. tabiZe ,,qebaTa qeba nikorwmindas”;

r. siraZe ,,saxismetyveleba qarTul CuqurTmaSi”;

gr. robaqiZe ,,galaktion tabiZe da misi ,,qebaTa qeba

nikorwmindas”; kompiuteri, foto da videomasala

nikorwmindaze, furclebi,.

TviTSefaseba

naweris TemasTan Sesabamisoba; wyaroebis analizis

unari; Canaweris sicxade; avtoriseuli gancdebis

gadmocema; sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatva

gakveTilis gegma-scenari SevadgineT erTi semestrisaTvis. igi

miewodaT moswavleebs, ramac xeli Seuwyo silabusiT gaTvaliswinebuli

saqmianobis ukeT gagebas.

amgvari midgoma gansakuTrebiT efeqturi gamodga saSinao davalebis

SesrulebisaTvis. amaRlda davalebis Sesrulebis interesi, xeli Seewyo

weriTi samuSaos Zlieri da susti mxareebis gamovlenas. magaliTad, VII

klasSi susti mxare aRmoCnda leqsikis simwire, sityvebi xSirad

gasagebad da mxatvrulad ver gamoxatavda saTqmels.

susti mxaris dasaZlevad sasargeblo aRmoCnda nino gordelaZis

85

(2006) mier Sedgenili wigni ,,qarTuli ena da samyaro”, romelSic

dajgufebulia SinaarsiT axlomdgomi sityvebi da SeZlebisdagvarad

warmoCenilia mniSvnelobaTa Soris msgavseba-gansxvaveba. qarTuli

,,leqsikis Tanmimdevroba pirobiTad bibliur qmnilebaTa rigs aris

Sefardebuli: dRe-Ramis mosdevs cis, wylis, xmeleTis, cxovelTa rigi.

saleqsikono nawils gzadagza erTvis qarTvel mkvlevarTa sagulisxmo

varaudebi” (gordelaZe, 2006: 4).

I. Tema `dRe-Rame” _ ,,da ganwvala RmerTman Soris naTlisa da

Soris bnelisa da uwoda RmerTman naTelsa dRe da bnelsa uwoda Rame.

da iqmna mwuxri da iqmna ganTiad dRe erTi” (biblia, ,,wigni dabadebisa”).

davaleba 1. amowereT ganmartebani sityvebisa: dRe, Rame, bindi,

bindbundi, dilabindi, dilabneli, dilaRamiani, dilauTenia, sisxam dila,

dilaadrian, ciskari, gaciskreba, riJraJi, SeiriJraJa, alioni, inaTla,

dafioni, aisi, ganTiadi, gaTeneba, SuadRe, mewamuli daisi, mosaRamovda,

saRamos bindi, Sebindeba, SeRameba, bindi daeSva, bindi Camowva, bindi

daifina, mwuxri Camodga, daisRame, wyvdiadi, ukuneTi Rame, luskumi Rame

(guriaSi), wkvarami (imereTi), mTvariani Rame, mziani Rame (n. dumbaZe),

criati (Rrubliani dRe-sulxab sabas mixedviT), iisferi mwuxri, SuadRis

oqrosferi, dilis laJvardi, SuaRamis mrume, mTvaris vercxliT naferi,

libri, yuryumi, kunapeti).

davaleba 2. amoiwereT qarTuli nawarmoebebidan winadadebebi,

romelSic gvxvdeba dRisa da Ramis aRmniSvneli sityvebi. magaliTad,

,,rom gaTendeba dila mziani da yofel bindsa is gananaTlebs”. (n.

baraTaSvili); ,,dRis saswori Ramea”; ,,iriJribanda, ciskari suls hlevs,

TandaTan hqreboda” (vaJa-fSavela); ,,Rame gamoeTxova qveyanas, erTi kalTa

cisa aixada” (i. WavWavaZe); `...Cumad vSli wignebs, sarkeebSi Cumad

Tendeba”; `iriJraJa Tu ara, alisferma sinaTlem Rrublebs gadauara” (g.

tabiZe); dila aris cis laJvardida mzis sxiviT imoseba” ( xalxuri);

`oqroSi gadamdnari dilis feri” ( g. leoniZe); mze mTas mifara da haers

bindi Seeria” (j. qarCxaZe); `ra qajeTs Sexda, qmniliyo oden bind-bindi

bnelia” (rusTaveli); ,,mrume Rame daswoloda TvalSeuvleb taramals” (k.

gamsaxurdia); ,,gavida Rame, miaskdeba kars ganTiadi” (p. iaSvili).

davaleba 3. airCieT Tema da dawereT 150 sityviani Txzuleba an ese:

86

,,sawuTros Jini Seigno, dRe-Rameoba Jamisa” (vaJa)

yovel cismare dRes ciskarze daiZvreba mze”;

amodis, naTdeba”;

mziani Ramis sixaruli da sevda.

davaleba 4. weriTi namuSevari recenziisaTvis gadaeci megobars da

warmoadgineT gakveTilze prezentaciisaTvis.

II. sityva ,,wyali” xatovani sityva-TqmebSi. davaleba: ganmarte _

wyali gadagasxes, Tvals wyali daalevina, pur-wyali, wyali nagubarSi

Cadga, wyaliviT icis, wylis mnayveli, wyali Seudga, wylis aRma

Sebruneba, wylidan mSralad amosvla, wylis amTvreva, wylis gaRma

yofna, wyali waiRebs, wyals scris, wyali gadauwura.

III. amoiwereT citatebi, sadac gvxvdeba sityva ,,ukvdaveba”. mag.

,,vin sazRvarsa dausazRvrebs, zis ukvdavi RmerTi RmerTad” (SoTa

rusTaveli), `TviT ukvdaveba mSveniersa sulSi mdgomarebs” (n.

baraTaSvili), ,,ukvdaveba ar dahkargo wuTisoflis gulisaTvis” (ilia

WavWavaZe) ,,ukvdavebis mosaxveWad migapireb momavalsa” (akaki wereTeli),

`ukvdaveba es aris sityva, anu adamianSi mkvdari dros aRdgenis

naperwkali”. (m. mamardaSvili) da sxv.

leqsikonebze muSaobam gaaZliera sityvis warmoTqmis, sityviT

sinamdvilis Secnobis, mSvenierebis gancda, xeli Seuwyo weriTi

namuSevris Sinaarsobrivad gamdidrebas, SemoqmedebiTobis amaRlebas,

enobriv mravalferovnebas. Sesasrulebeli davaleba moswavleebs ar

eZnelebodaT, piriqiT, exalisebodaT da erTmaneTs awonebdnen kidec

Tavis namuSevars.

aRniSnulma ganapiroba ufro meti yuradReba da dro leqsikonze

muSaobisaTvis, romelic gagrZelda VIII, IX klasebSi. am mimarTebiT

mdidari da saintereso wyaroebi mogvepoveba: sulxan-saba orbelianis

,,leqsikoni qarTuli anu sityvis kona”, giorgi SatberaSvilis

,,Tvaladuri qarTulis WaSniki”, akaki SaniZis `mTis kiloTa leqsikoni”;

aleqsandre Rlontis `qarTul kilo-TqmaTa sityvis kona”; ilia abulaZis

`Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikoni”.

sust mxared gamovlinda aseve weris stilis SerCevis problema. am

mimarTebiT CavatareT weris seminarebi, gakveTili ,,weris stili”, sadac

87

ganvixileT: a)samecniero stilis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi;

b)publicisturi stilis damaxasiaTebeli: efeqturi saTauri, Temis

aqtualoba, paTosi, sxarti da dinamiuri Txroba, enobrivi Stampebi,

poziciisa da damokidebulebis aqtiuri gamovlena, sityvebisa da

frazebis moxmoba, Semoklebisa da abreviaturebis gamoyeneba, axali

leqsikis gamovlena; g) oficialuri, saqmiani stilis damaxasiaTebeli

niSnebi: formobrivi CarCo, mimarTvis adresati, informaciuloba da

racionaluroba, enobrivi Stampi, saqmani urTierTobis terminebi,

oficialuri, kancelaruli statistikuri monacemebis xSiri miTiTeba,

teqstis oficialuri daniSnuleba, Temis, azris konkretuloba; d)

mxatvruli stilis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi: ambis Txroba, sxvadasxva

piriT Txroba sxvadasxva droSi, Tavisufali sityva, wyoba, mxatvruli

xerxebis gamoyeneba, poeturi bgerwera, leqsikis simdidre, intonacia da

azrobrivi aqcentis gadmocema, frTiani gamoTqmebi, Txrobis ritmis

cvla, siuJetis ganviTareba.

susti mxareebis gamovlena da misi daZlevisaTvis gaweuli saqmianoba

moswavleze orientirebuli saswavlo procesis ganxorcielebis kargi

saSualebaa, igi xels uwyobs TviT moswavlem gansazRvros, ras miaRwia,

ra aqvs dasaZlevi da raa amisaTvis saWiro.

garkveuli periodis Semdeg imave weriT davalebebs vubrundebiT da

miRweul Sedegebs vadarebT winandel monacemebs, vadgenT, ra dasZlia

TiToeulma moswavlem da ra darCa gasakeTebeli.

gakveTilis gegma-scenaris moswavleebisaTvis ukeT sargeblobis

mizniT SevqmeniT sainformacio gzamkvlevi, gakveTilis gegma-scenari da

ganvaTavseT igi kompiuteris saswavlo qselSi.

warmodgenili magaliTebis garda wera CaerTveba iseTi tipis

gakveTilebSi, rogoricaa:

gakveTili-miuzikli ,,maspinZelsa mxiarulsa” (scenaris proeqti);

gakveTili Ria qseliT – paralelur klasTan an megobari skolis

TanatolebTan erTad literaturuli gazeTis momzadeba.

gakveTili - preskonferencia _ pasuxobs yvaryvare TuTaberi kiTxvas:

,,Tqven ambobT, rom, _ isev avcocdebi. risi imedi gaqvT?”. Cawerili

pasuxis komentari werilobiT);

88

gakveTili kompiuterTan _ `me firosmanis quCaze vcxovrob”;

kino-gakveTili _ ,,xevisberi goCa”- saweri Tema ,,maS egre gaigone Cemi

darigeba?!”

gasvliTi saganmanaTleblo seminari _ moxseneba Temaze `gelaTidan

danaxuli saqarTvelo”.

gakveTilebze weris dagegmvisa da ganxorcielebis procesSi

wamoiWra weris strategiebis dauflebis aucilebloba, ramac ganapiroba

kvlevis Semdegi msvleloba.

$ 3. weris strategiebis SerCeva

strategia _ TamaSis, swavlebissistema, romlis drosac calkeuli

svlebi, kombinaciebi keTdeba saerTo, winaswar mofiqrebuli gegmis

mixedviT (ucxo sityvaTa leqsikoni, 1989: 481).

swavlisstrategia gulisxmobs kognituri, SemecnebiTi procesis an

procesebis mizanmimarTulad gamoyenebas swavlis dros. igi xels uwyobs

moswavleTa mier garkveuli saSualebebis gamoyenebas sakiTxis ukeT

gagebis, damaxsovrebisa da saqmianobisas sasurveli Sedegis misaRwevad.

efeqturi swavleba da mecadineoba saklaso masalis aqtiurad

gaazrebasa da gadamuSavebas moiTxovs, amitom Zalian mniSvnelovania,

moswavleebs gavacnoT swavlis efeqturi strategiebi da vaswavloT maTi

gamoyeneba.

swavlis efeqturi strategiebia: mniSvnelovani informaciis amocnoba,

SeTvisebuli codnis gaxseneba, Canawerebis gakeTeba, informaciis

organizeba, informaciis gadamuSaveba, masalis mokled gadmocema,

Sejereba, gageba-gaazrebis Semowmeba, cnebaTa martivi ruka. maTgan ufro

vrclad davaxasiaTebT strategias Canawerebis gakeTeba.

Canawerebis gakeTeba mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs swavlaSi.

zogadad, moswavleebi, romlebic Canawerebs akeTeben, ufro kargad

imaxsovreben da iTviseben masalas. Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom Zalian

mniSvnelovania Canawerebis xarisxi. kargi da gamosadegi Canaweri,

89

Cveulebriv, gakveTilis an sakiTxavi masalis ZiriTad punqtebs da arss

asaxavs. kargi Canawerebi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania im

moswavleTaTvis, romelTac mcireodeni codna gaaCniaT Sesaswavli

sagnis Sesaxeb. miuxedavad imisa, rom Canawerebis gakeTeba sasargebloa

swavlisTvis, mozardTa umravlesoba ar iyenebs am strategias. xolo is

Canawerebi, romlebsac moswavleebi akeTeben, xSirad cudi xarisxisaa da

gamousadegaria.

rogor SeiZleba vaswavloT bavSvebs kargi Canawerebis gakeTeba?

moswavleTaTvis Canawerebis struqturis anu gegmis micema erT–erTi

xerxia, romelic maswavleblebma SeiZleba gamoiyenon. gegma moswavleebs

mianiSnebs, Tu ras unda miaqcion yuradReba gakveTilis dros da ra

saxis informacia unda Caweron. maswavleblebs aseve SeuZliaT

drodadro Seamowmon, Tu ramdenad zust Canawerebs akeTeben bavSvebi da,

Sesabamisad, urCion, rogor gaaumjobeson isini.

swavlisstrategiebis daufleba moswavlisaTvis advili ar aris,

garkveuli saqmianobis warmarTva sWirdeba. wignSi ,,ganviTarebisa da

swavlebis Teoriebi” (2008) eqspertebi gvTavazoben ramdenime princips:

moswavleebi swavlis strategiebs yvelaze efeqturad konkretuli

sagnebis konteqstSi swavloben;

moswavleTa patara jgufebSi erTad mecadineoba xSirad xels

uwyobs efeqturi strategiebis ganviTarebas;

masalis axsnisas aswavleT moswavleebs, Tu rogor iswavlon es

masala. drodadro sTxoveT bavSvebs, rom erTad, wyvil–wyvilad an

patara jgufebSi imecadinon.davexmaroT moswavleebs swavlisa da

mecadineobis efeqturi strategiebis dauflebaSi;

moswavleebi ufro kargad daeuflebian swavlis efeqtur

strategiebs, Tu xels SevuwyobT, rom maT mier strategiebis

gamoyenebis pirveli mcdeloba warmatebuli iyos.

daexmareT moswavleebs axali strategiebis gamoyenebaSi. magaliTad,

aCveneT konkretuli strategiis gamoyenebis magaliTi; mianiSneT, Tu

rodis SeiZleba misi gamoyeneba da miuTiTeT, roca isini strategias

sworad an arasworad gamoiyeneben.

gaacaniT moswavleebs axali strategiebi da maTTvis gasagebad

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auxseniT, Tu ratom aris sxvadasxva strategiis gamoyeneba sasargeblo.

aRniSneT is garemoebebi, roca garkveuli strategiebis gamoyeneba

gansakuTrebiT sasargebloa.

mieciT moswavleebs SesaZlebloba, TiToeuli strategia sxvadasxva

konteqstSi gamoiyenon.

moswavleebi ufro efeqturad swavloben, roca swavlis mraval-

ferovan strategias iyeneben.

moswavleebi ufro gamoiyeneben swavlis efeqtur strategiebs, roca

esmiT, Tu ratomaa isini sasargeblo.

moswavleebi swavlis strategiebs ufro efeqturad iyeneben, roca

ician, ra SemTxvevaSi SeuZliaT gamoiyenon TiToeuli maTgani.

moswavleebi maSin euflebian swavlis efeqtur strategiebs, roca am

xerxebis sxvadasxva konteqstSi regularulad gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba

eZlevaT.

SemoTavazebuli strategiebi da formebi gasaziarebelia weris

strategiebis swavleba/swavlis procesSi.

sasurveli Sedegis misaRwevad mravalferovan strategiebs

gvTavazoben mecnierebi, eqspertebi, praqtikosi maswavleblebi. sabazo da

saSualo safexuris Sesabamisad, weris procesSi konkretuli amocanis

gadasaWrelad saWiroa maTi SerCeva.

weris strategiebis mizania, vaswavloT moswavleebs samecniero,

SemoqmedebiTi Tu sxva piradi miznebisaTvis wera. TiToeuli strategia

konkretul mizans emsaxureba.

wera aviTarebs azrovnebas da TviTCaRrmavebis saSualebas iZleva.

wera exmareba mozards sxvebisTvis gasagebi gaxados Tavisi saTqmeli da

Tavisuflad gamoxatos azrebi; weris mravalferovani strategiebis

gamoyenebiT izrdeba moswavleTa cnobismoyvareoba, yalibdeba aqtiuri

damkvirvebeli maTi saxiT. weris saSualebiT mozards SeuZlia sxvas

Seafasebinos sakuTari naazrevi da Tavadac iswavlos Sefaseba.

weris strategiebis SerCevisaTvis SevimuSaveT principebi:

saswavlo mizanTan Sesabamisoba;

sxva saganSi misi gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba;

strategia ar iwvevdes moswavlis gadatvirTvas.

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moswavlis mzadyofna, SeZlos misi efeqtianad gamoyeneba;

aRniSnul principebze dayrdnobiT SevarCieT weris strategiebi,

romelTac warmogidgenT ganmartebebiT, komentariT, sqemis saxiT.

kompetenciis ,,wera miznis, stilisa da auditoriis

gaTvaliswinebiT”misaRwevad xorcieldeba strategiebi, romelTa

Sesrulebisas moswavleebi Tavad gamoiyeneben sxvadasxvagvar

auditoriasa da miznebTan Sesabamis saSualebebs (magaliTad, mwerlis,

sazogado moRvawis gamonaTqvamebis/mosazrebebis damowmeba, mimarTvis an

emociis gamoxatvis formebi da sxva); weren konkretul problemaze

sxvadasxva poziciidan da sxvadasxva auditoriisaTvis (magaliTad,

skolaSi arsebuli problemuri situaciis Sesaxeb mSoblis, Tavad

moswavlis, direqtoris da a. S. poziciidan); warmoadgenen problemuri

sakiTxis Sesaxeb informacias darwmunebis, TanagrZnobis, gamowvevis

motiviT; aformeben teqsts asakisa da codnis donis gaTvaliswinebiT.

davaleba 1. dawereT erTi da igive ambavi megobrebisaTvis,

mSoblebisaTvis.

davaleba 2. dawereT werili erTi dRis STabeWdilebaze

maswavleblebisaTvis, bebiasaTvis.

davaleba 3. dawereT moxsenebis Sesavali ekologTa SekrebisaTvis.

davaleba 4. miswereT nawarmoebis Sesaxeb Tqveni STabeWdileba wignis

avtors, kritikoss, gamomcemels, megobars, personaJs.

davaleba 5. Seadgine kiTxvebi gadacemisaTvis ,,etaloni” (ganyofileba

,,literatura”).

davaleba 6. dawereT wakiTxuli wignis anotacia umcrosi

megobrisaTvis.

I. wera, prezentacia. davyoT moswavleebi 5-6 kacian jgufebad

SemTxveviTobis principiT. TiToeuli jgufi yuTidan iRebs baraTs,

romelzedac weria Sesasrulebeli davalebis saTauri, mizani da

auditoria. (davalebis Tema erTia yvela jgufisaTvis `kompiuteruli

teqnologiebi Tanamedrove ganaTlebis miRebis aucilebeli pirobaa~).

imsjeleT, ramdenad aqtualuria es Tema;

aRwereT, konkretulad ris gakeTebas apirebT;

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daasabuTeT, ra mniSvneloba eqneba am RonisZiebas uSualod Tqveni

skolisaTvis.

auditoria – Tanatolebi, maswavleblebi, mowveuli stumrebi,

sxvadasxva asakisa da socialuri jgufis.

mizani: gamoiwvios Tanatolebi proeqtis Sesaqmnelad; daarwmunos

maswavleblebi proeqtis ganxorcielebis aucileblobaSi; ganawyos

mowveuli sazogadoeba dasaxmareblad.

or jgufs eZleva erTi davaleba.

maT unda moifiqron Temis Sesavali werilobiT da warmoudginon

Sesabamis auditorias imgvarad, rom miipyron msmenelis yuradReba

(verbaluri Tu araverbaluri saSualebebis, TvalsaCinoebis, sqemebisa da

plakatebis gamoyenebiT).

samuSaos Sesrulebamde moswavleebi ,,gonebrivi ieriSis” meTodiT

SeimuSaveben Sefasebis kriteriumebs, romelTa saboloo varianti

Camowerili iqneba formatze.

II. roli, auditoria, formati, Tema

es strategia moswavleebs sxvadasxva formatis werilobiTi naSromis

SeqmnaSi exmareba.

1. dafaze winaswar vertikaluradaa Camowerili: roli, auditoria,

formati, Tema;

2. moswavleebi irCeven Temas. magaliTad, roli _ yivCaRi, muxraneli

glexi, glexis coli; auditoria _ saqarTvelos dRevandeli prezidenti,

Tanamedrove sazogadoeba, megobari, ufliswuli, beri, mefe; formati _

leqsi, piradi werili, sagazeTo statia, istoriuli informacia; Tema _

,,Semomeyara yivCaRi”.

3. gaacaniT Tema da sTxoveT moifiqron, vis rolSi isurvebdnen

yofnas: yivCaRis, muxraneli glexis, glexis colis rolSi.

4. rodesac rolebis Camowera dasruldeba, sTxoveT, Sesaferisi

auditoria SearCion. maTi pasuxebi CamowereT dafaze, ,,auditoriis”

gaswvriv. mag.: XII s-is Semdegdroindeli saqarTvelo, Tanamedrove

saqarTvelo, ucxoeli stumrebi da a. S.

5. amis Semdeg moswavleebi irCeven formats, stils, teqstis saxes.

mag.: leqsi, piradi werili, sagazeTo statia, istoriuli informacia.

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6. ganesazRvrebaT dro (15 wT) da iwyeben weras;

gTavazobT am strategiiT Sesrulebuli werilis erT-erT nimuSs

sakuTari pedagogiuri praqtikidan: roli – eva; auditoria – adami; formati – werili

salome yifSiZe (X kl.)

`adam, me ubralod ver vxvdebi ra damemarTa... Cven kargad vcxovrobdiT, erTmaneTs

vufrTxildebodiT. Seni wyalobiTa var da uflis meoxebiT.

erTma wamma maqcia macdurad. wuTieri sisuste gaxda yvelafris dasawyisic da

dasasrulic.

erTi nekni, sul erTi nekni gaxda Cemi arsebobis safuZveli... xSirad miCndeba

kiTxva, ram macduna, – Cemma pirovnebam Tu yvelaferi im nekns davabralo?!

unda momfrTxilebodi, Sen ki mimatove. marTalia, sul erTi wuTiT, magram xom

gagigia, yvelaferi erT wuTSi SeiZleba moxdeso. hoda moxda, Tan is, rac yvelafers

amuqebs da aufasurebs.

qali – eSmaki, cbieri, macduri, siavis mTesveli... Cem gamoa, rom qals aseTi

epiTetebiT amkoben, Tumca Seni bralicaa. saTanadod rom gyvarebodi, sul gverdiT

myolodi, xelis gulze getarebine. iqneb sisuste ar gamomevlina.

Tumca SeiZleba qalebs amiT meti xiblic SevZine... macduri Rimili, moqniloba,

eSmakuri Tvalebi! da mainc me davbinde qalis silamaze.

adam, mapatie! adam–ianebo mapatieT!...

... magram patiebac xom mZime sasjelia...”

kiTxvis dasrulebis Semdeg pasuxoben SekiTxvebs:

rolisa da auditoriis SerCevis Semdeg, rogor daviwye wera?

_ mimarTviT

raze vfiqrobdi weris dros?

_ gameTvaliswinebina rolis, auditoriis da formatis Sesatyvisi

stili.

ra siZneleebs wavawydi weris procesSi?

_ ena, ar vici, rogor metyvelebdnen isini da sxv.

III. werilis Sedgena

werilis Sedgenas Tavisi wesi aqvs:sakomunikacio etiketis dacva,

rekvizitebis gamoyeneba, werilis daweris mizani, Tavaziani toni, azris

martivad gadmocema, werilis stilis dacva.

erovnuli saswavlo gegma iTvaliswinebs werilis Sedgenis

kompetenciis flobas. Tanamedrove pirobebSi, roca werilis klasikur

variants Caenacvla e. w. ,,mesijebi”, daiviwyes misi saswavlo da

aRmzrdelobiTi funqcia da didi mniSvneloba weriTi kulturis

CamoyalibebaSi. gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens axloblisadmi

gagzavnili werili mokiTxvis, darwmunebis, TanagrZnobis gamowvevis

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mizniT. amis sailustraciod SemogTavazebT baTumeli profesoris iuri

bibileiSvilisa da misi Tbiliseli SviliSvilis mimoweris nimuSs:

babu! rogor xar? imedia kargad, aseve imis imedic maqvs, rom Sen da bebos araferi giWirT da cicisTan erTad bednierebi xarT. male mamas dabadebis dRec mova da mxiarulad var. Zalian menatrebiT samive. erTi suli maqvs, ardadegebi rodis daiwyeba, baTumSi rodis Camoval da rodis gavigoneb im lamaz xmas, saidanac `wviriani” gogos mosaferebeli sityvebi aJRerdeba. uzomod miyvarxarT da menatrebiT: Senc, beboc, cicic da guliko beboc. guliko bebos saxlis ambavi Zalian gamixarda. imedia, male Camoval da CagexutebiT suyvelas. miyvarxaarT!!!

Tqveni elafuSi, felamuSi, ,,wviriani gogo”. 10.04. 2011

Tbilisis #1 klasikuri gimnaziis IV klasis moswavle elene

bibileiSvilis am werilSi yuradRebas iqcevs moswavlis uSualoba,

azris sicxade. weris swavlebis es strategia warmatebuli iqneba

yovelTvis, roca moswavles Tavs ar movaxvevT misTvis ucxo saTqmels,

xelovnur Temas da `gulgareT” davalebas.

werilis sxvadasxva saxe arsebobs: informaciuli, mxardamWeri

(Tanxmobis gamomxatveli); damarwmunebeli (cdilob raimeSi daiTanxmo an

raime gaakeTebino); opoziciuri (sakiTxisadmi uaryofiTi

damokidebulebis gamoxatva); problemis mosagvarebeli (problemis

danaxva da misi gadaWris gza); Txovnis (gamxnevebis, daxmarebis Txovna);

mokiTxvis (axloblebisaTvis piradi ambis miwera da maTi mdgomareobiT

daintereseba); sakuTari Sexedulebebis gamomxatveli (wignze, movlenebze,

faqtis Sesaxeb wera).

organizaciebsSorisurTierTobebisaucilebelisaSualebaasaqmianimimo

wera, aramartofostiT, aramedfaqsiT,

telegrafiTadaeleqtronulifostiTmiRebuliTugagzavniliwerilebi.ofic

ialuri da saqmiani korespondencia,TavianTixasiaTidangamomdinare,

SeiZlebadavajgufoTSemdegnairad: sainstruqcio, sagarantio,

sainformacio, sareklamo, sapretenzio, mosawvevi, sapasuxodaa.S.

werilebi.

yoveliweriliSeicavsSemdegrekvizitebs: adresatisdasaxelebas,

misamarTs, saTaurs, ZiriTadteqsts, xelismoweras, TariRs.

werilisteqstiSedgebaorinawilisagan:

pirvelnawilSimieTiTebamizezebianuwerilisSedgenissafuZveli,

xolomeorenawilSigadmoicemadaskvna, winadadeba, Txovna, pretenzia.

95

maswavlebeli urCevs moswavles:

1. miswere werili sameurveo sabWos Tavmjdomares, romelSic sTxov,

skolis biblioTekisTvis SeiZinos saWiro wignebi. werilSi unda

daasabuTo, rom wignebi namdvilad saWiroa.

2. miswere araoficialuri werili Sens megobars, romelic im

sofelSi cxovrobs, sadac Sen zafxulobiT isveneb xolme, moikiTxe,

gamohkiTxe iqauri ambebi da Senc mouyevi Seni klasis Sesaxeb;

3. airCie raime aqtualuri problema (narkomania, tyeebis gaCexva,

qalaqis quCebis antisanitariuli mdgomareoba da sxv) da dawere

publicisturi werili, romelSic Riad gamoTqvam sakuTar

damokidebulebas am faqtis mimarT.

4. miswere mosawvevi baraTi megobars da skolis direqtors.

5. Seqmeni Seni dedaqalaqis an mxaris sareklamo broSura.

6. airCie adamiani visac miswer werils da gauziare Seni

STabeWdileba.

7. dawere werili warmosaxviTi adresantisagan an mimarTe

warmosaxviT adresats.

kompetencia ,,analitikuri weris” miRwevisaTvis:

debatis ZiriTadi arsis wvdoma da werilobiTi formiT gadmocema

davalebebi jgufuri muSaobisaTvis:

1. daasaxeleT TqvenTvis saintereso da aqtualuri problema;

2. dasaxelebul problemaTagan airCieT erT-erTi da werilobiT

CamoayalibeT, rogor gesaxebaT gamosavali am problemidan da

raSi xedavT am gamosavlis upiratesobebs. (savaraudod,

moswavleebi asaxeleben sxvadasxva gzas problemis

gadawyvetisa da, Sesabamisad, maT upiratesobebs).

3. dawereT ese, debatebisa Sedegad Camoyalibebuli sakuTari

Sexedulebani.

moswavle msjelobs literaturul, filosofiur, socialur da sxva

problemebze individualurad, gamoTqvams sakuTar Tvalsazriss, wers

Tavis emociebze, eZleva TviTgamoxatvis efeqturi saSualeba.

analizi, Sefaseba, sakuTari Tvalsazrisis werilobiTi gadmoscema

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1. gamoTqviT Tqveni azri, ramdenad eTanxmebiT an ar eTanxmebiT

mocemul Tvalsazriss, _ klasikur nawarmoebze parodiis Seqmna sazianoa

qveynis kulturuli memkvidreobisaTvis.

axseniT Tqveni pozicia.

sakuTari azris dasasabuTeblad moiyvaneT argumentebi da

magaliTebi istoriidan, literaturidan, filmebidan, piradi

gamocdilebidan da a. S.

2. mocemulia teqsti, romelSic garkveuli monacemebis safuZvelze

gamotanilia daskvna da dasaxulia gamokveTili problemis gadaWris gza.

magaliTad, davaleba: waikiTxeT teqsti, gaaanalizeT, imsjeleT,

SeafaseT, CamoayalibeT sakuTari Tvalsazrisi werilobiT.

qalaqis erT-erT sajaro skolaSi mSobliuri enis maswavlebelma me-

6 klasis moswavleebs sazafxulo ardadegebze daavala ramdenime

naTargmni nawarmoebis SerCeva da wakiTxva. aRmoCnda, rom es davaleba

moswavleTa mxolod mcire nawilma Seasrula.

es ki imas niSnavs, rom am asakis bavSvebisaTvis naTargmni

literaturis kiTxva sirTules warmoadgens.

umjobesia, am asakis moswavleebma ikiTxon mSobliur enaze Seqmnili

originaluri nawarmoebebi, xolo naTargmni literaturis kiTxva

momdevno klasebidan daiwyon.

gaaanalizeT, ramdenad damajerebeli da sakmarisia es monacemebi

warmodgenili daskvnis gamosatanad;

gamoavlineT msjelobis xarvezebi.

gansazRvreT, ra damatebiTi informacia dagWirdebodaT imisaTvis,

rom ukeT SegefasebinaT daskvna;

imsjeleT, ramdenad adekvaturi da damajerebelia problemis

gadasaWrelad SemoTavazebuli gza.

analitikuri komentari

davaleba 1. zurab kakabaZe wers: ,,Tanadroul dasavlur

literaturas klasikurisagan mkveTrad gansxvavebuli, mZafri tragikuli

intonacia axlavs... Tanadroul dasavlur literaturaSi tradiciul-

klasikurisagan gansxvavebiT erTob mcirea harmoniul-laRi mwerlobis

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wili.”

instruqtaJi analitikuri komentarisTvis:

gaarkvieT, XIX saukunisagan gansxvavebiT XX s-is literaturas

ratom axlavs mZafri tragikuli intonacia da ratom Semcirda

,,harmoniul-laRi mwerlobis wili.” TanadroulSi igulisxmeT XX s-is

modernistuli literatura, xolo tradiciul-klasikurSi XIX s-is

realisturi mwerloba.

gamoiyeneT TqvenTvis xelmisawvdomi sacnobaro literatura.

konsultaciisTvis mimarTeT maswavlebels.

Tqvens analitikur komentars mieciT werilobiTi saxe.

davaleba 2. Camoayalibe leqsis avtoris (mag. galaktion tabiZe

,,mesaflave”) pozicia da daurTeT Tqveni werilobiTi komentari.

davaleba 3. miSel montens sikvdilis SiSis daZlevis saqmeSi

mxolod sakuTari Tavisa da sakuTari gonebis imedi aqvs. xalil jibrani

did mniSvnelobas aniWebs adamianis pirovnul aqtiurobas, suli rom

,,gaiWras usazRvroebaSi da eZios dausazRvreli RmerTi”. blez paskali

ki adamianis sulier umweobas aRiarebda da erTaderT xsnas uzenaes

rwmenaSi poulobda.

imsjeleT, romeli Tvalsazrisia TqvenTvis misaRebi.

SeecadeT Tqveni msjeloba maqsimalurad argumentirebuli iyos.

strategiebi naweris efeqturi organizebisaTvis

saprezentacio moxsenebis momzadeba

am strategiis gamoyenebaze dauflebisaTvis maswavlebeli aswavlis

da urCevs moswavleebs:

1. miageniT TqvenTvis saintereso Temas da imuSavebT xalisiT;

2. SeiswavleT auditoria da SearCieT Sesabamisi logikuri

gamomsaxveloba, Txrobis forma, enobrivi konstruqciebi, intonacia;

3. mouZebneT Temas saTauri. gaxsovdeT, kargad mignebuli saTauri

saqmis naxevaria;

4. gansazRvreT moxsenebis mizani. esaa winasityvaobaSi wamoyenebuli

hipoTezis damtkiceba da ara imis Cveneba, rom amqveynad yvelaferi iciT.

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5. dasaxeT samuSao gegma. problemuri gegma Semdegi principiT unda

aigos: sakiTxis dasma; winamorbedTa gamocdileba; Tqveni hipoTeza;Tqvens

xelT arsebuli monacemebi;am monacemebis analizi;hipoTezis damtkiceba;

daskvnebi; gamokvlevis Semdgomi gagrZelebis perspeqtivebi.

6. SeadgineT mcire kartoTeka sxvadasxva saxis CanawerebisTvis. es

iqneba: baraTebi wignebisa da statiebis SinaarsiT; Tematuri

baraTebi;saxelobiTi baraTebi;baraTebi citatebisTvis;samuSao baraTebi.

7. dagegmeT moxsenebis Sesavali, ZiriTadi da daskvniTi nawili.

SesavalSi, pirvelive winadadebebidan unda SeZloT auditoriis

daintereseba; konkretuli magaliTebis moxmoba imis saSualebas mogcemT,

rom auditoriam ukeT gaacnobieros moxsenebis problematika da ZiriTadi

idea; ideebi ar unda iyos bevri, radgan erTi Temidan meoreze gadasvla

msmenelis yuradRebis gafantvas iwvevs; moxsenebis daskvniTi nawili unda

iyos pozitiuri, an mTavrdebodes SekiTxviT. amiT Tqven ubiZgebT

auditorias miubrundes ganxilul sakiTxs da kidev erTxel dafiqrdes

masze.

8. dawereT yvelaferi, rac TavSi mogivaT.

9. naweri gadaaTeTreT. amoiReT gadaxvevebi, frCxilebSi

moTavsebuli pasaJebi. zogierTi ram miTiTebebsa da damatebebSi

gadaitaneT.

10. SearCieT sademonstracio TvalsaCinoebebi. igi Tqveni poziciis

erTgvari dadasturebaa da xels uwyobs msmenelTa yuradRebis

gamaxvilebas ZiriTad ideebze;

11. dagegmeT gamosvlis droc.

msgavsi Canawerebis saSualebiT moswavleebi winaswar gansazRvraven

sajaro gamosvlis mizans da warmoadgenen moxsenebebs konkretul

Temebze. isini gegmis mixedviT gadmoscemen saTqmels, icaven reglaments,

ismenen gamosvlebs da iZenen teqstis analizisTvis saWiro informacias.

SeZleben mocemuli fragmentis analizs, Temisa da ideis gansazRvras,

konkretuli epoqis daxasiaTebas da teqstis mxatvrul-gamomsaxvelobiT

mxareze msjelobas.

sakuTari pedagogiuri praqtikidan gTavazobT amonaridebs moswavlis mier

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dawerili moxsenebidan:

Tedo tuRuSi (XI kl.).

,,kaci kacisaTvis mgelia“ ( vaJa–fSavelas nawarmoebTa mixedviT) mgeli... mgelkaci... maqcia mgeli (adamiani mglis suliT)... ,,kaci kacisaTvis mgelia“... aseTi paralelebi usiamo fiqrebs aRmiZravs. rogor? samyaros saswaulad da

mSvenebad aRiarebuli adamiani mgels Sevadaro?! (jer ar gamnelebia bavSvobidan gamoyolili SiSi am zRapruli personaJisadmi).

vcdilob gaverkve, mainc ra TvisebebiT gamoirCeva mgeli da ra aqvs saerTo adamianTan? am fiqrTa msvlelobas mglis simboluri biografiis moZiebisken mivyavar...

antikur epoqaSi mglis tyaviT imosebodnen meomrebi, xolo Subze damagrebuli mglis Tavi maT gamarjvebis rwmenasa da simxneves matebda.

am cxovelis meomruli suliskveTebis, Zlierebisa da Semtevi xasiaTis Tayvaniscemaa uZvelesi svanuri ceremoniali ,,aSangelo“ (,,samgelo“), mglis tyavis jubebi da svanuri droSa ,,lemi“, romelic, mkvlevarTa azriT, qsovilisagan gamoWril mglis gamosaxulebas warmoadgens...

erTi sityviT, mgeli misabaZia adamianisaTvis SeupovrobiT da mebrZoli bunebiT. qristianul saxismetyvelebaSi mgelma SeiZina kravis, cxvris faris – samwysos

sawinaaRmdego simbolika. igi borotebis, Zalmomreobis, demonur ZalTa simbolod iqca. skandinaviur da keltur miTologiaSi giganturi mgeli mzes gadaylapavs; ,,jojoxeTis karibWesac“ mglis xaxad warmogvidgenen xSirad. mokled, mgeli aSkarad negatiuri stereotipi gaxda da, gavrcelebuli SexedulebiT, igi mainc ,,wiTelqudas mSTanTqavi“ arsebaa.

samecniero–popularul naSromSi vkiTxulobT: ,,mglebi ojaxebad cxovroben. ojaxebSi, rogorc wesi, naTesavebi erTiandebian, mglebi sakvebis naklebobis dros TavianTi teritoriidan aZeveben sust TanamoZmes. gaZevebuli male sxva mglebis msxverpli xdeba“ (iason badriZe ,,icnobdeT, mgeli!“)

es ,,mgluri kanonis“ filosofiaa. rogor ar minda aseTi mgeli adamians Sevadaro! minda mjerodes, rom humanizmis

Zala, moraluri kodeqsi ar miscems Zes kacisas mgelTan mimsgavsebis uflebas. cxovreba brZolaa da am brZolaSi Zlieri imarjvebs! – mmoZRvravs winapari,

maswavlis literatura da Cveni realobac sul ufro marwmunebs am azris simarTleSi. bunebis didi mesaidumle, vaJa–fSavela Tavis nawarmoebebSi gvixatavs pirsisxliani,

daundobeli, eSmakTan wilnayari, mravaltanjuli da ,,monanie“ mglis saxes: ,,bevri cxovelis sisxliT SemiRebavs cxvir–piri. mTel or kviras davumSvenebivar

am sisxlsa da Cems tanze misi danaxviT siymilis Jini momiklavs. ...erT wamSi gaTavda totias sicocxle; bewvic aRarsad egdo misi mravaltanjuli

tyavisa... mglebma Sexedes erTmaneTs, SeeSindaT erTimeorisa, albaT, imitom, axla me ar SemWamono. SeeSindaT da gafrTxnen. erTi meores gaurboda. (,,amodis, naTdeba!“)

,,eSmaki mizis gulSi da miCangebs: ,,gaafuWe, waaxdine!.. agebuli daSale, cocxali mokal, SaTqi, Saylape!.. raic SeiZlo bevri sisxli daanTxie!.. nu dazogav nuravis, sadac kbili da klanWi migiwvdeba! Tese qveyanaze vaeba, tirili da glova, sisxli da cremli!..“ ai Cemi ndoma, Cemi wadili, Cemi buneba...“ (,,mgeli“)

viTom aqvs rame saerTo aseT mgels adamianTan?! . pasuxs vaJasave SemoqmedebaSi vpoulob:

sazogadoeba veluri tradiciis dacvas, mokluli mtris marjvenis moWras, moiTxovs aludasagan da daumorCilebel Tvistoms Temidan aZevebs (,,aluda qeTelauri“);

mxecurad dakluli vaJkacis, zviadauris sisxlis yureba adamians siamovnebas hgvris; sasaflaodan wamosulebi erTmaneTs saxeSi veRar ucqerian zviadauris mokvlis Semdeg, TanamoZmeebs erTmaneTisa eSiniaT (,,stumar–maspinZeli“).

adamians rogorc Tavisufal arsebas yovelTvis aqvs arCevani, daemorCilos Tavis borot, mdabal midrekilebebs da vnebebs an moTokos, daTrgunos isini, magram maSin, roca boroteba ise Zlierad eufleba kacs, rom misTvis sikeTis arCeva ukve ukiduresad Znelia, igi iqceva adamianis Sinagan bunebad, romelsac kaci iseve emorCileba, rogorc cxoveli sakuTar instiqtebs:

kaeni klavs Zmas.... . . . . . arada, adamiani xom Tavis xatad da sworad Seqmna ufalma, uboZa mas maRali

zneoba da ,,mamxilebeli goneba“ _ sindisi. swored amiT gamoarCia adami cxovelTagan,

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magram, vai, rom Zexorcielis sindis–namusi sanTeliviT qreba da ileva, kacTa Soris bina ver daido da imedgacruebuli RmerTs SehRaRadebs:

,,xalxisaTvisa me rgeba mwadda, hoi, ufalo, saidan sada? ver Sevucvale mosisxles mada...“ borotebis tragedia is aris, rom borotebiT WeSmaritad dakmayofileba,

borotebaSi mSvidad cxovreba adamians ar SeuZlia. da, ai, adamianis cxovrebaSi dgeba momenti, roca igi nanobs Tavis saqciels.

,,adamianma unda scodos, rom mere inanos“ (,,kldem mxolod erTxel sTqva“). ,,sikvdili yvelas gvaSinebs, sxvas Tu hklven, cqera gvwadian. kacni ver grZnoben bevrjera, Tu ra did codvas sCadian“ swored sikvdilis SiSi ubiZgebs adamianebs codvebis aRiarebisaken. magram Rrma

sinanulis drosac ki kaci vaJas moTxroba ,,mgelis“ personaJis darad Tavis ,,mkvdar sicocxleSi“ ufals adanaSaulebs, mamazeciers sdebs brals Tavissave Cadenil borotebaSi, radgan codvaTa simZime welSi wyvets da sikvdilis siaxloves gulwrfeli aRsarebisas simarTlec ki aRar daejereba.

raoden dasanania, rom mogviwevs vaRiaroT, ,,kaci kacisaTvis mgelia“. cxovrebaSi bevri ram aris lamazi da mSvenieri, adamianis unazesi da

ukeTilSobilesi grZnobebi, Tvalwarmtaci buneba, bulbulis galoba, ,,mosisxle madas rom unelebs“ mtaceblebs (,,bunebis mgosnebi“);

SevimecnoT vaJa–fSavelas nawarmoebebSi ganfenili morali, ganvacalkevoT mgluri instiqtebi adamianis zeamaRlebuli sulierebisgan, gvaxsovdes, rom ,,adamiani xidia cxovelsa da angelozs Soris“. vecadoT wuTisofeli ise gavlioT, rom aRsasrulisas gaunelebeli tkiviliT ar aRmogvxvdes: ,,ram Semqmna adamianad?!“

akademiuri weris procesi

akademiuri wera xels uwyobs argumentirebis, kritikuli azrovnebisa

da Sefasebis unaris ganviTarebas moswavleebSi, agreTve, aswavlis maT,

arsebuli Teoriuli masalis gamoyenebas sakvlevi problemis gadaWris

gansazRvrisaTvis. ecnobian plagiatis Tavidan acilebisa da citirebis

swor teqnikas, gamoyenebuli literaturis miTiTebas da prezentaciebis

mowyobis xelovnebas.

akademiuri weris procesi sam etaps iTvaliswinebs: winaswari

momzadeba (repeticia), variantis Seqmna da variantis gadasinjva.

I. argumentirebuli eses dawera.

1. moemzade eses dasawerad: Camoayalibe rezolucia ise, rom

argumentirebuli eses saTauri gamoxatavdes or sapirispiro pozicias;

gamosaxe azrebi grafikulad, daxaze asociaciuri ruqa; imsjele,

Camoayalibe ideaTa logikuri jaWvi.

repeticia aris informaciis Segrovebisa da azrebis mokrebis etapi.

am dros xdeba sasurveli Temebidan erTis SerCeva da garkveul sakiTxze

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arsebuli yvela SesaZlo informaciis, Sexedulebebisa da ideebis

moZieba. am etapze moswavle Temis irgvliv sakuTar mosazrebebs

ayalibebs, iniSnavs da axarisxebs mniSvnelovan informacias.

Temis SerCevis wesebi:

moswavleebi Camoweren iseT Temebs, romlis Sesaxebac didi

siamovnebiT dawerdnen;

wyvilebi erTmaneTs Temis SerCevaSi daexmarebian. (ratom SearCie

swored es Tema? ra informacias flob am Temis irgvliv? ramdenad

aqtualuria es Tema dRes?):

Caiwereba, gaiazreba pasuxebi mewyvilis mier dasmul SekiTxvebze. es

weris procesis dagegmvasa da naSromis daxvewas Seuwyobs xels.

SearCion Tema, romelic miaCniaT aqtualurad, sainteresod,

romelzec garkveul informacias floben.

2. Seqmeni eses pirveli varianti, daicavi Tanmimdevroba:

1. eses Sesavali _ mkiTxvelis yuradRebis mopoveba safuZvelmdebare

informaciis miwodebiT, eses Seqmnis mizezis gacnoba; wardgena Tezisis,

avtoris ZiriTadi poziciisa, romlis dasabuTebasac emsaxureba

argumentirebuli ese; kontrargumentiT dawyeba, Semdeg sakuTari Tezisis

SeTavazeba da mkiTxvelisaTvis sapirispiro poziciebs Soris kontrastis

demonstrireba.

2. ZiriTadi nawili _ argumentebis wardgena; kontrargumentis

ukugdeba; kompromisuri pozicia.

3. daskvna _ avtoris argumentebis Sejameba TiTo winadadebiT;

Tezisis gameoreba, oRond sxva sityvebiT, rom avtorma kidev erTxel

daafiqsiros pozicia, magram mkiTxvelisaTvis mosabezreblad ar JRerdes;

problemis ganxilva momavlis WrilSi, rac mkiTxvels safiqrals

dautovebs, vTqvaT, Tu rogor gamoiyenos mocemuli ese realur

cxovrebiseul situaciaSi.

variantis Seqmna iTvaliswinebs pirveladi monaxazis Seqmnas:

1. nusxis SedgeniT an asocirebuli rukis meSveobiT Camoiwereba yvela

is sakiTxi, romelic Temas ukavSirdeba, razedac surT isaubron sakuTar

naSromSi. sakiTxebs SeaerTeben isrebiT im TanmimdevrobiT, rogoradac

apireben ganixilon mocemuli sakiTxebi; mewyvilesTan erTad ganixileba

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asociaciuri ruka, erTmaneTs miscemen rCevebs, romelic

gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba naSromis Seqmnis procesSi.

2.pirveladi variantis SeqmnisaTvis ganisazRvreba dro. naweris

dasrulebis Semdeg ganixileba varianti mewyvilesTan erTad,

mimdinareobs msjeloba, ra saWiroebs daxvewas, ratomaa sasurveli

moswavleebs miewodos sakiTxTa nusxa, razedac yuradReba unda

gaamaxvilon. Tavdapirvelad saWiroa instruqcia, rogor ganixilon

naSromebi, rogor dasvan SekiTxvebi da gaakeTon Canawerebi;

3. pirveladi variantis ganxilva. winaswar Sedgenili SekiTxvebiT

ganixileba erTmaneTis naSromebi, miecemaT rCeva, rekomendacia. saWiroa

axsna, rom imsjelon imaze, rac yvelaze metad moewonaT, gakeTdeba

miniSneba, rom rekomendaciis micemisas ar iyos gamoyenebuli sityvebi:

,,ar varga”. `ar momwons” da a. S. sasurvelia: _ xom ar fiqrob, rom Sens

naSromSi mwiri informaciaa mowodebuli am sakiTxis Sesaxeb? xom ar

Rirs am nawilis amoReba? vfiqrob, rom Sesavali bundovania. me ise

gavakeTebdi, xom ar fiqrob, rom daskvnac sWirdeba Temas? da misT.

3. Seamowme ese Semdegi kriteriumebis mixedviT: ipyrobs

Sesavali mkiTxvelis yuradRebas? ra aris eses Tezisi? aris Tezisi

naTeli da sakmarisad dakonkretebuli? gaqvT raime rCeva SesavalTan an

TezisTan dakavSirebiT? ra principiTaa ese organizebuli? aris misi

struqtura efeqturi? aris ese logikuri da Sekruli? yvela paragrafi

ganamtkicebs Teziss? gaqvT raime rCeva paragrafebTan dakavSirebiT? aris

argumentebi sakmarisad ganmtkicebuli mxardaWeriT? gaqvT raime rCeva

mxardaWerasTan dakavSirebiT? aris saWiro esesTvis raimes damateba an

raimes amoReba? aris daskvna logikuri? aris is saintereso? gaqvT raime

rCeva daskvnasTan dakavSirebiT? romelia eses saukeTeso nawili? romel

nawils sWirdeba gaumjobeseba?

variantis gadasinjva gulisxmobs yuradRebis gamaxvilebas iseT

sakiTxebze, rogoricaa: rogor SeiZleba saTqmelis ukeT gadmocema,

ramdenad naTladaa warmodgenili naazrevi.

rCevebis, rekomendaciebis gaTvaliswinebiT nawerSi SeaqvT cvlileba-

damateba. samuSaos Sesrulebis dro ganisazRvreba.

akademiuri weris procesi gamosacemad gamzadebuli werilobiTi

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naSromis kidev or etaps moicavs: redaqtirebas da beWdvas.

redaqtireba naSromis gamocemis wina etapia. xdeba stilisturi Tu

koreqtuli Secdomebis aRmoCena da Casworeba.

moswavleebi ganmartoebul situaciaSi kiTxuloben naSroms

xmamaRla, aRniSnaven, ra moewonaT. Caasworeben, Semdeg kiTxuloben

wyvilebSi erTmaneTis nawers, gamoTqvamen SeniSvnebs, rekomendaciebs.

naweris yuradRebiT wakiTxvisas Caswordeba SemCneuli Secdomebi.

gamocema akademiuri weris bolo etapia. am dros naSromi auditoriis

samsjavroze gamodis. klasSi gamoiyofa ,,saavtoro savarZeli”, saidanac

msurveli kiTxulobs Tavis nawers, pasuxobs SekiTxvebs, gamocema

SeiZleba agreTve kedlis gazeTis an vebgverdis SeqmniT.

II. referati

erovnul saswavlo gegmaSi saSualo safexurze miTiTebulia

standarti _ moswavle wers saswavlo referats erTi an ramdenime

wyaros mixedviT.

daweramde ganisazRvreba ra saxis referatia dasaweri. maswavlebeli

sTxovs moswavleebs daweron referati mecnieruli gamokvlevis Sesaxeb,

urCevs, gadmoscen is, rac mniSvnelovania mis SinaarsSi, kritikulad

ganixilon da Seafason gamokvlevaSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi, sakuTari

dakvirvebebiT, TvalsazrisebiT Seavson an gaabaTilon avtoris

debulebebi.

instruqtaJi referatis daweris win:

ganmarte, ratom airCie konkretuli Tema;

gansazRvre misi aqtualoba;

mokled Camoayalibe gansaxilveli Temis miznebi da amocanebi.

Tanamimdevrulad, nabij-nabij gaaanalizeT naSromi;

daadastureT sakuTari mosazreba cifrebiT, faqtebiT, citatebiT;

yoveli struqturuli erTeuli (abzaci, paragrafi) daasrule

mokle daskvniT.

gamokvlevasTan dakavSirebiT CamoayalibeT zogadi daskvnebi;

daeTanxmeT an uaryaviT miTiTebuli wyaros avtoris pozicia;

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gamoTqviT sakuTari mosazreba problemis gadaWrasTan

dakavSirebiT.

gaaforme referati: satitulo furceli; informacia saswavlo

dawesebulebis Sesaxeb; sagani/saganTa jgufi; referatis saTauri;

Semsruleblis da maswavleblis vinaoba. Sinaarsi: struqturuli

erTeulebis Sinaarsi gverdebis miTiTebiT. samuSaos teqsti (aqedan iwyeba

gverdebis gadanomrva). Sesavali; ZiriTadi nawili; daskvna; gamoyenebuli

literaturis sia; wyaroebi sruli bibliografiuli monacemebis

miTiTebiT.

referati, romelic moicavs struqturul erTeuls,_ Tavs, paragrafs,

sasurvelia, Sesruldes sawreo muSaobis procesSi. gakveTilisaTvis

efeqturi gamodga mokle (1,-1,5 gv.) referati, romelic Sesrulda mTeli

klasisaTvis dasaZlev problemasTan dakavSirebiT. magaliTad, weriTi

samuSaoebis dros sakmaod susti mxare aRmoCnda weris dros enobrivi

normebisa da marTlweris wesebis dacva. SevarCieT problema ,,wakiTxuli

wignis Sinaarsis”, wyaroebi mivuTiTeT: ,,Suqia afridoniZe (2002), ,,Cveni

ena qarTuli”, ,,zurab vaxania (2005), enobriv unarTa teqsturi amocanebis

krebuli”, darejan TvalTvaZe (2005), ,,marTlweris wesebi da

savarjiSoebi”.

referatis prezentaciam saklaso auditoriis daintereseba gamoiwvia,

rac gamovlinda SekiTxvebSi, kamaTSi.

referatis prezentaciiT moswavleebma gaiges da gaiTavises

sakiTxebi, romelTa Seswavla aTeul gakveTilze ver moxerxda.

sasargeblo aRmoCnda X, XI, XII klasebSi referatis Sesruleba

problemis Sesaxeb SexedulebaTa analizTan dakavSirebiT. am SemTxvevaSi

moswavleebs eZlevaT instruqtaJi referatis komponentebis Sesaxeb:

Temis aqtualoba _ moswavle aRwers: ra icoda sakvlevi Temis

Sesaxeb (Teoriuli da praqtikuli situaciis analizi), ratom

dainteresda am TemiT.

kvlevis miznebisa da amocanebis dasaxva _ ratom unda

ganxorcieldes kvleva, ris gakeTebas gegmavs, ra Sedegebs moelis.

kvlevis procesi _ miznebisa da amocanebis Tanamimdevruli

Sesruleba. procesebis aRwera, argumentebiT msjeloba, dakvirvebiT,

105

anketirebiT Catarebuli saqmianobis analizi, sakiTxTa wre Ziebis

procesSi.

kvlevis Sedegebi _ ramdenime ZiriTad mignebaze orientireba.

miznebisa da Sedegebis axsna, momxre da mowinaaRmdege poziciebis

Sedareba-Sepirispireba.

literatura _ dasaxeldeba wyaroebi anbanTrigze an Tematuri

dalagebiT. mniSvnelovani literaturis gaformebis wesis arCeva: sqolio,

cifrebiT miniSneba, mokle anotacia.

konsultaciis sakiTxebi avtorisaTvis _ kvleviTi saqmianobis

procesSi sasurvelia, Sexvedra-dialogebis Catareba, sadac saubari

gaimarTeba iseT sakiTxebze, rogoricaa: ra masala moipoveT iseTi,

romliTac problemas aqamde ucnobi Strixi SemateT? ra iswavleT

informaciis moZiebis Sesaxeb iseTi, rac aqamde ar icodiT? ra

zegavlenas moaxdens Temis momzadebis procesSi axalSeZenili codna

Tqvens Sexedulebebze? kvlevis procesSi Camoyalibebuli romeli unar-

Cveva migaCniaT TqvenTvis sasargeblod? kvlevis procesi dasrulebulad

migaCniaT, Tu fiqrobT, rom kvleva SeiZleba gagrZeldes erT-erTi

komponentis mimarTulebiT?

gansakuTrebulia kvleviTi naSromis ganxilvis procesi:

momxsenebeli _ oponenti _ SekiTxvebze pasuxi _ eqspertTa daskvna. am

procesSi vlindeba moswavlis unari, warmoadginos da daicvas Tavisi

naSromi, SeZlos kritikis miReba an uaryofa argumentirebulad, daicvas

zepirmetyvelebaSi urTierTobis etiketi.

Temebi referatisTvis SeiZleba iyos: ,,mziani Ramis” mwerali”,

,,sibrZne sicilisa”, ,,aqa vdgavar da sxvagvarad ar ZalmiZs” da sxv.

SemoqmedebiTi wera

Temas irCevs moswavle.

instruqtaJi saTauri umniSvnelovanesi komponentia teqstis Sedgenis

procesSi. konstantine gamsaxurdia ambobda, saTauri xmlis pirveli

moqnevaa avtoris mier mkiTxvelis gulisa da gonebis dasapyrobad

gamarTul brZolaSio.

kargad SerCeuli saTauri unda akmayofilebdes Semdeg moTxovnebs:

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imTaviTve warmoaCendes nawarmoebis arss.

ar iyos damoukidebeli da TavisTavadi mniSvnelobis mqone

leqsikuri erTeuli, romelic garedan aqvs mikruli mxatvrul teqsts,

aramed nawarmoebis organul da ganuyofel nawils Seadgendes;

Seicavdes garkveul informacias, romelic avtorisTvis sasurveli

mimarTulebiT aamoqmedebs mkiTxvelis warmosaxvas.

ar sTavazobdes mkiTxvels sakiTxis gadawyvetas;

saTauri iyos STambeWdavi, advilad dasamaxsovrebeli, iwvevdes

mkiTxvelis interess da sakvebs sTavazobdes mis fantazias.

teqstis variantebi:

1. yuradRebiT waikiTxe teqsti. dafiqrdi masSi wamoWril

problematikaze, daakvirdi avtoris weris maneras, stilur da Janrul

Taviseburebebs da daasaTaure.

2. daxede wignis ilustrirebul garekans saTauriTa da avtoriT.

dawere pirveli ori abzaci, romliTac SeiZleba daiwyos es nawarmoebi.

Seadare originals.

3. gaaforme SenTvis cnobili nawarmoebis garekani.

4. gamoarCie Seni cxovrebidan SenTvis mniSvnelovani erTi romelime

emocia, gancda da mieci mas mcire poeturi an prozauli teqstis saxe.

saTauri Tavad SearCie da dawere erTgverdiani teqsti.

gTavazobT me-4 davalebis nimuSs piradi praqtikidan:

laSa qebulaZe (XII klasi)

Ramea...momeZala fiqri martoobaze, sikvdilze. pesimizmma momicva.

sibneliT garemoculs TiTqo sulis naTelic gibneldeba, qrebi, ikargebi am

ukidegano sibneleSi, uplaneto samyaroSi... xvdebi, rom yvela aq movida, magram aq

aravinaa... marto xar, magram es ar aris SenTvis nacnobi simartove. sibneleSi gzis

garkvevas vcdilob da ufro Rrmad veflobi fiqrebSi. davrCiT marto me, sevda da

ukuneTi. davborialeb fiqrTa xveulebSi da vxedav, patara varskvlavi acimcimda

mqrqalad. uceb mivxvdi, rom es sibnele da ukuneTi Cemi sevda da martooba yofila.

Ramec Cemi gamonagonia Turme.

vsaubrobT sikvdilze da ar viciT, ra moaqvs Tan mis Sav fers. dros vklavT Tu

kargad vatarebT, amas mniSvneloba ara aqvs. adre Tu gvian, gzaze, sawolSi, abazanaSi

Tu sxvagan Tavze dagadgeba da gamarjobas getyvis celiani miqeli, ra Tqma unda, Tu im

dRes gabrieli ar iqna morige. modis, moabijebs, temps ar unelebs, icis rodis

mogvinaxulos... es gardauvalia, es aucileblad moxdeba da sanam vsunTqavT da Cveni

cxeli guli ritmulad feTqavs, albaT, ukeTesi iqneba, Tu droze adre ar movkvdebiT.

sikvdilis meSinia? netav Cems sikvdils sklerozi daemarTos... ,,sikvdilsac

daviwyebixaro“, xom gagigiaT... maxsovs sikvdili, magram mirCevnia masze ar vifiqro.

...Sescqeris varskvlavian cas adamiani imedad xvalis...

107

moTxroba miniSnebebiT dawerisaTvis

SearCie moqmedebis adgili da dro. Tavdapirvelad daiwye adgilis

aRweriT (aRwera SeiZleba iyos rogorc sinamdvile, aseve gamogonili.

aRweris dawyebamde gaiTvaliswine, rogori atmosfero ginda Seqmna:

SiSis, martoobis, daZabulobis, mxiarulebis, interesis Tu sxv.)

CamoTvlil personaJTagan SearCie Seni moTxrobis gmiri (gmirebi).

vTqvaT:

12 wlis biWi, Savgvremani, grZeli xveuli TmiT, jinsis Sarvalsa

da maisurSi, velosipediT;

moxuci qali, WaRara TmiT, SavebSi Cacmuli;

kaci, 40-mde wlisa, wveriani, gacveTili, magram sufTa

tansacmliT da a. S.

daasrule personaJis portreti. gaiTvaliswine, rom garegnobisa da

tansacmlis garda SegiZlia mkiTxvels xasiaTis zogierTi Tvisebac

aRuwero, agreTve uambo misi warsulis, ojaxis da profesiis Sesaxeb.

SegiZlia mTxrobelad Tavad personaJi airCio, Tumca SeiZleba

uCinari mTxrobelic gyavdes.

moifiqre raime ambavi da dawere Zalian mokled.

gaucvale teqsti Sens mewyviles, waikiTxe misi naSromi da

werilobiT upasuxe Semdeg SekiTxvebs:

aris Tu ara ambavi saintereso, Tanmimdevruli da gasagebi

SenTvis?

rogor aRmoCnda mTavari gmiri am adgilas da ras akeTebs?

ra grZnobebs aRZravs Seni gmiri SenSi?

es gmiri ambis dasawyisSi sxvanairia, vidre boloSi?

xom ar sWirdeba ambavs ufro metad ganvrcoba?

mogwons Tu ara ambis finali?

gaecani yuradRebiT Seni mewyvilis SeniSvnebs. maTi daxmarebiT

gadaamuSave teqsti.

Caamate dialogi:

moTxrobis dasawyisSi,

108

adgilis aRwerasa da gmiris gamoCenas Soris;

gmiris gamoCenis Semdeg;

daakvirdi, xom ar aris metismetad bevri sxvadasxva ambavi erTad?

Seamowme, aris Tu ara ambebi logikuri da Tanmimdevruli? Tu ar

aris, gadawere xelaxla.

yovelives gaTvaliswinebiT dawere moTxrobis dasawyisis

gagrZeleba, moqmedebis ganviTareba.

Seqmeni moTxrobis finali. moifiqre raime uCveulo, Tu mkiTxvelis

gaoceba gsurs;

Tu ginda mkiTxvelma nel-nela gamoicnos, ra moxdeba moTxrobis

bolos, raRaciT unda miaxvedro, vTqvaT, moTxrobis dasawyisSive

miuTiTeb pirovnebaze an raime saganze, romelic drodadro, ambis

ganviTarebasTan erTad gamoCndeba xolme, an miaxvedre dialogis

romelime fraziT.

moTxroba daasrule? gadaaTeTre! Tu mogwons, gaacani

Tanaklaselebs.

moswavleTa nawerebSi naTlad Cans, rom maT uWirT moTxrobis

dasawyisisa da finalis wera, amas Tavadac aRiareben. uioldebaT

miTiTebebis mixedviT Txroba, ayalibeben azrebs Tanmimdevrulad da

sainteresod, Tumca xSirad uWirT moTxrobis struqturis dacva.

naklebad iTvaliswineben mewyvilis SeniSvnebs, Tumca siamovnebiT

afaseben erTmaneTis namuSevrebs. moswavleebi TavianT nawerebSi avlenen

didi fantaziis unars.

swrafad wera gansazRvrul droSi

`swrafadwera~ `gonebriviieriSis~ ideasefuZneba.

moswavleebseZlevaTinstruqcia,

TavSimosuliyvelaazriracSeiZlebaswrafadCaiweron.

esstrategiamoiTxovs, romswavlebisprocesSiyvelamoswavle,

amsaqmianobaSiaqtiuradCaerTos.

moswavleebsuviTardebaTswrafaddaspontanuradfiqrisunari.

am strategiis dasaufleblad moswavleebi asruleben Semdegi saxis

109

aqtivobebs:

ori wuTis ganmavlobaSi Cawere fiqrebi Seusvenebliv.

xuTi wuTis ganmavlobaSi dawere: ra mogewona nawarmoebSi, an ra ar

mogewona; Camowere, risi geSinia zogadad cxovrebaSi, ra aris SenTvis

Zvirfasi, an ris Sesrulebas eswrafvi da a. S.

aTi wuTi teqstis Sinaarsis gadmosacemad; Tavisufali werisaTvis -

,,me mjera...”, ,,roca Tvali gavaxile ...”, ,,komikuri gaugebroba”, ,,bednieri

dRe” da a, S.

strategia wera nanaxisa da gancdilis Sesaxeb

eqskursiis, speqtaklis, cxovrebiseuli faqtis, gasvliTi seminaris

an videofilmis wakiTxuli wignisSesaxeb sakuTari STabeWdilebis

gadmocema. dawyebiT klasebSive gvesaxeba misaRwev kompetenciad. am

strategiis ganxorcielebisasmTavaria, avtori iyos gulwrfeli,

garkveviT gadmoscemdes ambavs, daainteresos mkiTxveli, aRwerdes Tavis

emociur-grZnobiT damokidebulebas.

gTavazobT nimuSs piradi praqtikidan:

agvistos omiT SeZruli baTumis #21 sajaro skolis XII klasis

moswavle marex tuRuSi wers:

`2008 wlis agvisto. debatebis saerTaSoriso asociaciis mier dagegmil

konferenciaSi vmonawileobdi. baTumidan sami maswavlebeli da cxra moswavle wavediT

TbilisSi, samSoblos siyvaruliT gulanTebuli Tormeti adamiani.

wyneTis dasasvenebel saxlSi mTelma saqarTvelom moviyareT Tavi. 7 agvisto...

telefonis avbediTi xma avis momaswavebeli informaciiT... megobars daurekes

bolnisidan, iqauri aerodromi daebombaT. CemTvis omi maSin daiwyo. ufrosebi

gvifrTxildebodnen, cdilobdnen CvenTvis informacia Selamazebuli saxiT gadmoecaT,

Tumca uemociod ver vixseneb maT dazafrul saxeebs.

cxra agvistos konferencia dasrulda da Sin unda davbrunebuliyaviT. gza saSiSi

gamxdariyo. banakis xelmZRvaneloba Zalian nerviulobda.

satelefono kavSirebi gaxSirda, dadebiTi muxti mindoda, siTbo, siyvaruli

momenatra, dedas vurekavdi, meSinoda, cremlad viRvrebodi.

davadeqiT gzas navsayudelisken. gori dabombili dagvixvda. sapatrulo policiam

ukan mogvabruna. is Rame TbilisSi TeTrad gavaTene. Tvalwin Camiqrola Cemi cxovrebis

kadrebma. moZRvari telefoniT mlocavda: ,,iloce mariam da gaZlierdio.“

meore diliT isev davadeqiT gzas Sinisaken, usaSvelod rom gagvigrZelda. bavSvebi

erTmaneTs vamxnevebdiT, vgalobdiT, vloculobdiT, sasowarkveTili vmRerodiT.

ra damaviwyebs TviTmxilvelTa gancdebs. vxedavdiT rogor ixokda pirs Suaxnis

qali, rogor qviTinebda inteligenti. gzad cxinvalidan gamoqceuli mamakaci

dagvemgzavra, ojaxis wevrebi dasavleTSi gamoexizna. zustad ar icoda sad SeiZleboda

yofiliyvnen. roca suraTis gadaReba vcade, cremlebi gadmoscvivda, movubodiSe da

110

movexvie.

gancda... SiSi... tkivili... sasowarkveTa... da mainc amayi suli. dabombil gorSi

rom gamoviareT, daviviwyeT yovelgvari safrTxe da mikroavtobusidan saqarTvelos

droSis frialiT, himniT da xmamaRali SeZaxilebiT protests vucxadebdiT ruseTis

agresias. vumtkicebdiT yvelas, rom saqarTvelo ar Seurigdeba morCilebas,

teritoriuli mTlianobis darRvevas, moigeriebs daTvis torebs, fexze wamodgeba,

gamTliandeba da gabrwyindeba.

axla Tamamad SemiZlia viyviro da yvelas gavagebino rom me samSoblo, Cemi

saqarTvelo miyvars! saqarTvelos droSa arasodes daeSveba Cems sulSi!

marex tuRuSi (XII kl)

mofiqrebisaTvis drois limiti moswavles stimuls aZlevs, imdeni

azri Caiweros, ramdenic ki SesaZlebelia. ideebis CamonaTvals, romelic

swrafad werisas Cndeba, jer patar-patara jgufebs gaacnoben, Semdeg ki

mTel klass. azrebis gaziarebis Semdeg teqsts kiTxuloben da masze

msjeloben. Semdeg swrafad weris dros warmoSobil azrebs xelaxla

ubrundebian, rom TiToeuli gamonaTqvamis safuZvlianobaSi darwmundnen.

gundurimxatvruliwera

moswavleebi iyofian jgufebad. TiToeuljgufs evalebagansazRvrul

droSisaerTo ZalebiTmoamzadonTiToprozaulinawarmoebi. SeTavazebuli

an arCeuli Temis mixedviT.

rCevebi maswavleblisagan:

daasrule moTxroba;

warmoidgine, rogor ganviTardeboda nawarmoebSi movlenebi, vTqvaT,

20 wlis Semdeg;

moqmedeba gadaitane sxva epoqaSi;

Secvale personaJi;

dasrulebulteqstebs akrefen kompiuterSi daamzadebennawarmoebs

prezentaciisaTvis. esaa cocxaliSemoqmedebiTikomunikaciis,

mxatvruliTanaSemoqmedebisprocesi.

erTad wera

weriTi samuSaos SesrulebisaTvis:

jgufi iyofa ,,pirvel” da ,,meore” wyvilebad, eZlevaT davaleba,

Seadginon moTxroba.

111

instruqcia ,,pirvel wyvils”: ,,Tqveni moTxrobis personaJia

savarZels mijaWvuli 14 wlis biWi, romelic SesaniSnavad flobs

kompiuters da aqvs didi fantaziis unari “. instruqcia ,,meore wyvils”:

,,Tqveni moTxrobis personaJia erT maRalmTian sofelSi mcxovrebi

gogona, romelic yoveldRiurad kilometrebs faravs, skolaSi rom

iswavlos.”

samuSaos Sesrulebis pirobaa: orive wyvili sxdeba erTad, eZlevaT

saerTo furceli da avtokalami. dro-10 wuTi.

Sedgenili moTxrobis prezentacia xalisian ganwyobas qmnis.

,,piramiduli istoriebi”

moswavleebs eZlevaT davaleba:

1. winaswar momzadebul piramidis formatSi yovel striqonze

Caweron sxvadasxva metyvelebis nawili raodenobis matebiT. vTqvaT,

pirvel striqonze erTi arsebiTi saxeli, meoreze _ ori zedsarTavi

saxeli, mesameze _ sami garemoeba, meoTxeze ki _ oTxi zmna.

2. maT mierve Camowerili sakvanZo sityvebis gamoyenebiT Seadginon

moTxroba jgufebSi. dro-10 wuTi

moTxrobebi gamoifineba specialurad momzadebul adgilas.

„munji“ gonebrivi ieriSis meTodi _ ideebi iwereba furcelze da

gadaecema sxva monawileebs sakuTari cvlilebebis Sesatanad.

1. moswavleebs jgufebSi dasaxelebuli Temis dasawerad eZlevaT

ori wuTi;

2. Tavis daumTavrebel naSroms TiToeuli bavSvi gadascems

mrgval magidasTan Tavis marcxniv mjdom megobars da agrZelebs

marjvniv myofis dawyebul namuSevars.

3. ase grZeldeba manam, sanam naSromi masve ar daubrundeba.

4. Semdeg TiToeuli jgufi warmoadgens Tavis namuSevars.

ese

ese exmareba moswavles warmoaCinos sakuTari miRwevebi, saqmianobis

Sedegebi, gaakeTos warmatebis Tu warumateblobis analizi. ese Sinaarsis

112

mixedviT SeiZleba iyos: kvleviTi, SemoqmedebiTi, pedagogiuri,

mxatvruli, mecnieruli. eses sqema – problemis dasma, problemisadmi

sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatva, problemis gadaWris gzebis povna.

weris Tema SeiZleba iyos nebismieri problema an situacia, romelic

regularulad wamoiWreba kursis Seswavlis, praqtikuli saqmianobis,

mecnieruli kvlevis procesSi.

eses gamoyeneba ganapirobebs: problemis zustad gansazRvras;

gadaWris gzebis Ziebas; darwmunebas, rom problemas ramodenime

gamosavali SeiZleba hqondes; gagebas, rom avtors pasuxismgebloba

ekisreba problemis gadaWraSi; gaazrebas, rom avtors ese daexmareba

rogorc swavlebaSi, aseve pirovnuli warmatebis miRwevaSi;

eses gamoyeneba exmareba maswavlebels moswavlis saqmianobis yvelaze

problemuri sferoebis dadgenaSi; gamoavlens, ramdenad mzad aris

moswavle, rogorc momavali specialisti, analizi gaukeTos Tavis

saqmianobas;

aTwuTiani ese gamoyeneba efeqturia sagakveTilo procesSi

moswavleTa CarTvisaTvis. bavSvebi weren sxvadasxva saxis eses

gakveTilze miRebuli informaciis daxmarebiT, ganixilaven nawarmoebis

fragmentis mTavar problemas da ixseneben cxovrebiseul paralelebs,

gadmoscemen sakuTar emociebsa da STabeWdilebebs, pirad an

literaturul gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT msjeloben mocemuli Temis

problemebis Sesaxeb (amtkicebs /uaryofs, gamoTqvams varauds, adarebs,

avlebs paralelebs). ese gamoirCeva azrovnebis maneris subieqturobiTa

da TavisuflebiT.

moswavleebs eZlevaT davaleba: 10 wuTSi dawereT ese, magaliTad,

“zneoba da SiSi”, ,,ras niSnavs CemTvis literatura”, ,,siyvaruli da

Tavmoyvareoba”, ,,gaSale yvela furceli...”, ,,Ralati da erTguleba”.

kamaTis gamomwvevi ese xels uwyobs sakuTari poziciis werilobiT

Camoyalibebas, aadvilebs weris process. am strategiis dauflebis

Semdeg moswavleebs SeuZlaT: logikurad da Tanamimdevrulad wera;

werilobiTi argumentirebuli msjeloba, sakuTari naazrevis Cawera,

weriTi naSromis Sefaseba da TviTSefaseba.

am strategiis dasaufleblad moswavleebi asruleben Semdegi saxis

113

aqtivobebs:

arCeven iseT sakiTxs, romelic maTSi interessa da azrTa

sxvadasxvaobas iwvevs;

pirvel abzacSi weren sakuTar pozicias TemasTan dakavSirebiT;

weras iwyeben teqstidan moyvanili citatiT, faqtebiT,

mniSvnelovani gamonaTqvamebiT da sxv.

namuSevars ukiTxaven mewyviles, mianiSneben argumentebs avtoris

poziciis gasamyareblad, Caiweren SeniSvnebs;

gamoTqvamen varauds, rogori daskvna gakeTdeba argumentebis

safuZvelze;

weris dasrulebis Semdeg eses ukiTxaven Tanaklasels: jer

ganixilaven sakuTar pozicias, uziareben erTmaneTs argumentebsa da

daskvnebs, afaseben komentarebiT argumentebisa da daskvnebis

Sesabamisobas.

kidev erTxel gadaxedaven nawerebs da SeaqvT cvlilebebi;

namuSevars akiTxeben msurvelebs;

ormxriv CanawerTa dRiuri

rveulis gverdi gayaviT orad vertikalurad. marcxena grafaSi

CawereT is fraza teqstidan, romelmac didi STabeWdileba moaxdina

Tqvenze.

magaliTisaTvis maswavlebeli Tavad uwers erT frazas.

marjvena grafaSi CawereT SerCeul frazasTan an problemasTan piradi

gamocdileba, damokidebuleba.

TvalsaCinoebisTvis maswavlebeli Tavad uwers erT frazas da

urCevs upasuxon SekiTxvebs: ra mosazrebiT SearCie swored es monakveTi?

raze dagafiqra? raime xom ar gagaxsenda?

gauziareT klass sakuTari Canawerebi.

strategiebi enis normaTa dacvisaTvis

sworadweraaucilebeliaazriszustadgadmocemisaTvis. igi

Cvenikulturis,

114

maTSorisprofesiulikulturiselementia.arsebobskargiqarTulisityva–

wignierikaci, racsworadweris, marTlweriskulturasacgulisxmobs.

orTografiiszogadiwesebis dasaufleblad aucilebelia SeirCes

swori strategiebi. ganvixiloT zogierTi:

gansxvavebuli tipis teqstebis Seqmna maTi enobrivi Taviseburebebis

gaTvaliswinebiT

davaleba 1. Seqmeni aRweriTi tipis teqstebi aRwerisaTvis Sesaferisi

enobrivi saSualebebis _ gansazRvrebebis, Sedarebebis, epiTetebis,

metaforebis _ gamoyenebiT:

davaleba 2.fotosuraTis mixedviT

a) portreti aRuwere gamomZiebels, eWvmitanilis suraTis

dasamzadeblad

b) aRwere portreti ise, rom Candes Seni subieqturi damokidebuleba.

davaleba 3.warmoidgineT, rom Tqvens klasSi axali moswavle

gadmodis. daiyaviT oTxkacian jgufebad da TiToeulma jgufma aRwereT

skolis Senobis romelime adgili SerCeviT. mag.: sportuli darbazi.

holi, sasadilo, biblioTeka, samaswavleblo. werilobiTi aRwera

gaugzavneT axal moswavles.

davaleba 4.daiyaviT oTxkacian jgufebad da TiToeulma jgufma

moamzadeT winadadebebi sameurveo sabWosTvis an direqtorisTvis

warsadgenad. aRwereT is problemebi, romelic, Tqveni azriT, arsebobs

skolaSi da unda Seicvalos sasikeTod; mizezebi, Tu ratomaa

aucilebeli cvlileba; Tqveni mosazrebebi, Tu rogori unda gaxdes

skola. dasrulebuli samuSao gadaaTeTreT da Tu saWirod migaCniaT,

warudgineT sameurveo sabWos.

davaleba 5.aRwereT Tqveni poziciidan raime movlena, CamoayalibeT

werilobiT Tqveni gamokveTili TvalTaxedva ise, rom sxvamac

Tqvennairad aRiqvas igi (magaliTad, Tqveni fanjridan danaxuli samyaro,

Tqveni TvaliT danaxuli avadmyofi lekvi da a. S.)

davaleba 6.aRwereT buneba da miusadageT is Tqvens ganwyobas.

teqstebis modelireba

I. TxrobiTi xasiaTis teqstis modelirebisaTvis:

115

instruqcia: Txrobis gamomsaxvelobiTi Zala movlenaTa da adamianTa

moqmedebebis cxadad, cxovlad warmodgenaSia da wamyvani roli TxrobaSi

ekuTvnis struqturas, siuJets, ganviTarebas.

maswavlebeli grafikulad gamosaxavs dafaze an monitorze

TxrobiTi xasiaTis teqstis struqturas: eqspozicia, kvanZis Sekvra,

moqmedebis ganviTareba, kulminacia, kvanZis gaxsna, dasasruli.aZlevs

moswavleebs davalebebs teqstis modelirebisTvis:

davaleba 1. ganmarteT mniSvneloba terminebisa: eqspozicia, kvanZis

Sekvra, moqmedebis ganviTareba, kulminacia, kvanZis gaxsna da

gansazRvreT, ra saxis teqstisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli maTi gamoyeneba;

davaleba 2., gamoyaviT mocemuli moTxrobis struqturuli

maxasiaTeblebi, gamosaxeT grafikulad.

davaleba 3. upasuxeT SekiTxvebs: rogor fiqrobT, SesaZlebelia, rom

moTxrobaSi ar iyos siuJetis ganviTarebis romelime etapi, vTqvaT,

kulminacia an kvanZis gaxsna?

davaleba 4.SeadgineT sxvadasxva asakobrivi auditoriisTvis

gaTvlili moTxroba sqemis mixedviT. amasTan, maswavlebelma SeiZleba

SesTavazos maT: a) mxolod sqema; b) dasawyisi; g) dasawyisi da

dasasruli; d) Sua nawili; e) sakvanZo sityvebi; v) mxolod zmnebi.

II. daakvirdiT, ra struqturuli elementebi gamoiyofa msjelobis

tipis teqstebSi;

gansazRvreT auditoria, romeli profesiis adamianebisTvisaa

gankuTvnili mocemuli teqsti.

III. auditoriis gaTvaliswinebiT dawereT ramdenime nimuSi

aRwerisa:

aRwereT statiisaTvis Tqveni sayvareli msaxiobis an momRerlis

garegnoba-portreti;

aRwereT, gauwieT reklama romelime teqnikur aparats;

aRwereT Tqveni qalaqis an soflis xedebi;

aRwereT buneba da miusadageT is Tqvens ganwyobas.

saqmiani qaRaldebis warmoeba

saqmiani qaRaldebis wera ganekuTvneba oficialur-saqmian stils da

116

SeiZleba iyos Semdegi tipis: sainformacio, yofiT-aRweriTi,

procedurul-aRweriTi, sadiskusio, axsna-ganmartebiTi, samecniero-

popularuli.

oficialur-saqmiani weris saxeebia: yofiTi aRwera, angariSi,

avtobiografia, axsna-ganmarteba, sareklamo teqsti, piradi werili,

moxsenebiTi baraTi, gancxadeba, xelwerili, mindobiloba, cnoba, oqmi,

anketa, xelSekruleba.

oficialur-saqmiani qaRaldebis weris dasaufleblad moswavleebs

utardebaT instruqtaJi, efeqturia ,,roliT TamaSis” aqtivobis

gamoyeneba.

moswavleebi dafaze Camoweren saqmiani qaRaldebis saxeebs.

jgufis erTi nawili airCevs maTgan erT-erTs da weren Sesabamis

teqsts.

sxva jgufi ,,Seqmnis“ organizacias, romelic miiRebs saqmian

qaRaldebs, Seafasebs, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi Camoayalibebs werilobiT

saqmiani qaRaldebis warmoebis wesebs da warudgens werilis avtors.

saqmiani qaRaldebi SeiZleba iyos: oficialuri da saqmiani

korespondenciis Sedgena_gaformeba; ,,organizaciis” sareklamo teqstis

Seqmna; miwvevis, madlobisa da bodiSis werilebis Sedgena enisa da

stilis gaTvaliswinebiT; axsna-ganmartebiTi baraTis, gancxadebis,

oqmis,aqtisa da brZanebis, angariSis daweris wesebi.

saqmianoba warimarTeba ise, rom TandaTan yvela moswavle daeuflos

saqmiani qaRaldebis warmoebas.

saqmiani qaRaldebis warmoebis weris procesSi gansakuTrebiT

problemuria avtobiografiis dawera da anketis Sevseba, rac arcTu

iSviaTad gadamwyvet rols TamaSobs sxvadasxva konkursSi gasvlisaTvis,

mniSvnelovan adgils iWers dasaqmebasa da sxva cxovrebiseul

movlenebSi.

biblioTekiT sargebloba

biblioTekaSi muSaobis unar-Cvevebze dasaufleblad erovnuli

saswavlo gegmis moTxovniT (2007, 20) moswavleebs specialuri dro unda

gamoeyos biblioTekaSi muSaobisaTvis, mieceT maT iseTi davalebebi,

117

biblioTekis gamoyenebas rom saWiroebs. magaliTad:

Temis dasamuSaveblad saWiro literaturis mosaZebnad gamoiyeneT

anbanuri da sistemuri katalogi;

gamoiyeneT TqvenTvis xelmisawvdomi sacnobaro literatura.

weriTi davalebis Sesasruleblad gaecaniT wyaroebs, miuTiTeT

dasaxeleba, avtori, weli, SeiZleba gverdi.

internetresursebis gamoyeneba

gansakuTrebiT popularuli gaxda internetresursebis gamoyeneba. am

mimarTebiT SesaZlebelia Semdeg weriT davalebebze muSaoba:

moiZieT internetSi is wyaroebi, romliTac SegiZliaT isargebloT

ama Tu im Temaze muSaobisas. daaxarisxeT mopovebuli masala.

CaerTeT literaturul forumSi an TviTon gaakeTeT axali

forumis organizeba;

dawereT gamoxmaureba eleqtronul gazeTSi gamoqveynebul

statiaze;

SeqmeniT veb-gverdis dizaini;

CaerTeT eleqtronul mimoweraSi;

monawileoba miiReT konkursebSi, vTqvaT, saukeTeso literaturuli

CanTis Sesaqmnelad da a. S.

aqve aRvniSnavT, rom Cven mier Seqmnili literaturuli CanTa,

konkursSi gamarjvebuli nimuSi Temaze: `Rirsebis dacvis problema revaz

inaniSvilis moTxrobebSi~ ganTavsebulia irmis naxtomis veb gverdze:

http://www.dlf.ge/ge/projects/batumi21/DISKUSIA.pdf

kompiuteruli teqnikis gamoyeneba

maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs :

proeqtis, referatis, moxsenebis da misT. Sesaqmnelad, maTi akreba-

redaqtireba-koreqtirebisaTvis gamoiyenos kompiuteruli teqnika;

Seqmnas naSromis saprezentacio versia da gamoiyenos proeqtori;

mosmenil nawarmoebze, nanax filmze werilobiT gadmosces

sakuTari STabeWdileba.

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Sesrulebisas isini Tavad gamoiyeneben sxvadasxvagvar auditoriasa

da miznebTan Sesabamis saSualebebs (magaliTad, mwerlis, sazogado

moRvawis gamonaTqvamebis / mosazrebebis damowmeba, mimarTvis an emociis

gamoxatvis formebi da sxva); weren konkretul problemaze sxvadasxva

poziciidan da sxvadasxva auditoriisaTvis (magaliTad, skolaSi

arsebuli problemuri situaciis Sesaxeb mSoblis, Tavad moswavlis,

direqtoris da a. S. poziciidan); warmoadgenen problemuri sakiTxis

Sesaxeb informacias darwmunebis, TanagrZnobis, gamowvevis motiviT;

aformeben teqsts asakisa da codnis donis gaTvaliswinebiT da sxv.

magaliTad, or jgufs eZleva erTi davaleba. maT unda moifiqron

Temis Sesavali werilobiT da warmoudginon Sesabamis auditorias

imgvarad, rom miipyron msmenelis yuradReba (Tundac TvalsaCinoebis,

sqemebis, plakatebis, video da audiodiskebis da sxva saSualebebis

gamoyenebiT).

strategia testebis amoxsna

calkeul Temebze moswavleebs miewodebaT testebi amosaxsnelad.

moswavleebi TviTon adgenen testebs.

gasaTvaliswinebelia: testi unda iyos Tematurad gamarTuli, testis

amoxsnis pirobebi _ mkafio da naTeli;

strategia wera moulodnel Temaze

dawereT Tema: ,,TeTri fifqebi cviodnen TrTolviT, Cven ar gvesmoda

CurCuli maTi...”

dawereT Tema: ,,qarma gamomwvevad Wadars Cauqrola da erT lamaz

foTols guli auTrTola...”

dawereT sareklamo teqsti Temaze...

dawereT wamyvanis teqsti gadacemisaTvis ,,me TviTon...”

strategia weriTi samuSaos gaanalizebaSi moswavlisadmi daxmareba

weriTi namuSevris Sefaseba rTuli saqmea, rogorc maswavleblisaTvis,

aseve moswavleebisaTvis.

maswavlebelma SeiZleba mniSvnelovani daxmareba gauwios moswavles.

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ganvixiloT moswavlis mier sakuTari namuSevris Sefasebis unaris

ganviTarebaSi daxmarebis gzebi. es unari aucilebelia moswavlisaTvis,

rogorc individualuri, aseve jgufuri muSaobis dros sasurveli

Sedegis misaRwevad.

I etapi. weriTi namuSevris ganxilvis Semdeg maswavlebeli svams

kiTxvebs:

ras grZnobdiT weriTi samuSaos dros?

Seni azriT, ra aris teqstis Zlieri mxare?

ra gagiZneldaT yvelaze metad?

rogor moaxerxe siZneleebis gadalaxva?

giCndeba Tu ara rCevis miRebis survili samuSaos redaqtirebamde?

refleqsia: davaleba individualuri muSaobisaTvis: airCieT erT-

erTi strategia da aRwereT misi gamoyenebis procesi.

prezentaciisTvis dro... wuTi

proeqtis dawera, rogorc swavlisadmi mizanswrafuli

damokidebulebis kompetenciis misaRwevi strategia

swavlisadmi mizanswrafva, uwyveti (mTeli sicocxlis manZilze)

swavlis Cveva gulisxmobs faseuli mizandasaxulebis arsebobas; igi

sakvanZo kompetenciaa da misi miRwevis procesSi, mniSvnelovani

strategiaa proeqtis dawera.

proeqti esaa konkretuli problemis gadaWris an iniciativis

ganxorcielebisken mimarTuli mravalmxrivi samuSao, romelsac

moswavleebi SedarebiT xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi asruleben da

Semdeg warudgenen mTel klass an farTo auditorias.

proeqtis werisas bavSvebs eZlevaT SesaZlebloba, TviTon gaakeTon

aRmoCenebi garemosTan uSualo urTierTobis saSualebiT. moswavleTa

motivacias mniSvnelovnad zrdis proeqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli

RonisZiebebis, werasTan dakavSirebul aqtivobaTa mravalferovneba:

moZiebuli informaciis daxarisxeba, sqemebsa da cxrilebSi

moqceva;

scenaris dawera filmisaTvis;

mogzauris dRiuris warmoeba;

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piesis Seqmna speqtaklisaTvis;

literaturuli Canaxatis, poeziis nimuSebis Seqmna;

radiogadacemis momzadeba;

statiebis dawera kedlis gazeTisaTvis;

moxsenebebis, referatebis dawera;

Canawerebis Seqmna monitoringisaTvis;

proeqtis angariSis momzadeba;

saklubo da salonuri muSaoba;

Catarebuli kvleva stimuls aZlevs maT axali samuSaos

Casatareblad, uviTarebs pasuxismgeblobis grZnobas, aswavlis samuSaos

dagegmvas, miznis dasaxvas, amocanebis gansazRvras dasaxuli miznis

gansaxorcieleblad.

proeqti SeiZleba Sesruldes individualurad, wyvilebSi an

jgufurad; erTi an ramdenime sagnis farglebSi (saganTa integracia);

proeqtze muSaobis dros moswavles sWirdeba SemoqmedebiToba,

realuri problemis gadasaWrelad SeZenili codnis gamoyeneba,

sainformacio sivrceSi orientaciisa da damoukidebeli swavlis unar-

Cvevebi.

saswavlo proeqtis dagegmvisasgasaTvaliswinebelia:

ramdenad mniSvnelovania problema, romelic kvlevas iTxovs;

mosalodneli Sedegebi warmoadgendes siaxles (obieqturs an

subieqturs);

arsebobdes arCevanis gakeTebis saSualeba, rac moswavleTa

pasuxismgeblobis zrdas iwvevs;

ase, magaliTad, maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs:

gansazRvreT TqvenTvis mniSvnelovani problema, werilobiT

CamoayalibeT, Tqven mier arCeuli kvlevis meTodebi da problemis

gadaWris gzebi.

SearCieT mocemuli problemis kvlevis meTodebi da problemis

gadaWris gzebi.

damoukideblad gadaWeriT problema, maswavleblis mier

rekomendebuli kvlevis meTodebiT SemoTavazebul proeqtSi.

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proeqtis Sefasebisas aucileblad unda mivuTiToT is savaraudo

kriteriumi, romelic gansazRvravs mis warmatebas da romelsac

viTvaliswinebT werilobiTi namuSevris Sefasebisas mag.:

1. sxvadasxva Janrisa da saxis teqstebis werilobiT struqtuireba

da organizeba, sadac mJRavndeba misi literaturuli gemovneba,

SemecnebiTi interesebi, SemoqmedebiTi moTxovnilebebi.

2. gramatikis, orTografiis, punqtuaciis wesebis Segnebulad

gamoyeneba teqstis asagebad da dasaxvewad

3. sxvadasxva mizniT, sxvadasxva auditoriisaTvis nebismieri tipis

werilobiTi teqstis SeTxzva

4. werilobiT teqstebSi sakuTari poziciisa da RirebulebiTi

damokidebulebebis sxvadasxva literaturuli formiT warmoCena

5. sxvadasxva tipis werilobiTi teqstebis Sefaseba maTi

sakomunikacio amocanis gaTvaliswinebiT.

6. kvlevis Sedegebis analizis unari;

7. Sejameba da Canawerebis gakeTeba;

8. warmodgenili namuSevris organizeba;

proeqti ganxorcielebulad CaiTvleba, Tuki misi Sedegebi

TvalsaCinod da damajereblad aris warmodgenili (werilobiTi

dokumenti, maketi, inscenireba, debatebi, aqcia, Tanmimdevruli

RonisZiebebi).

proeqtis Temebis SerCeva SesaZlebelia maswavleblisa da

moswavleebis TanamSromlobiT. proeqtis nimuSebs Semdgom paragrafebSi

warmovadgenT.

kubis meTodi

kubis meTodis daniSnulebaa kiTxvas, werasa da azrovnebas Soris

kavSiris damyareba. meTodis gamoyenebisaTvis saWiroa 15-20sm-is zomis

waxnagebiani kubis formis yuTi. TiToeul waxnagze dawerilia sityvebi:

aRwere, Seadare, gaaanalize, daicavi, sawinaaRmdego gamoTqvi, Seafase.

TiToeuli ujris Sesafaseblad dro 5-7 wuTiT ganisazRvreba. weris

dasrulebis Semdeg moswavleebi wyvilebsa an jgufebSi erTmaneTs

acnoben nawers, gamoTqvamen azrs, _ ra moewonaT, ra gaiges an piriqiT.

kubis meTodis gamoyeneba moswavleebs exmareba:

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damoukidebli, SemoqmedebiTi weris unaris ganviTarebaSi;

sakuTari Tavisadmi rwmenis ganmtkicebaSi;

sxvisi azris Sefasebisa da gaziarebis SiSis daZlevaSi;

garkveuli Temis irgvliv mravalferovani mosazrebebis

formulirebaSi.

meTodis gamoyenebaze dasaufleblad Tavdapirvelad moswavleebs

eZlevaT instruqtaJi:

aRwereT: sagani, movlena, faqti, pirovneba garkveuli

maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT;

SeadareT: ras gaxsenebT? risgan gansxvavdeba? ra Tavisebureba

axasiaTebs? daukavSireT nacnob an ucnob sagnebs, movlenebs, adamianebs.

gaaanalizeT: dawereT 4-5 postulati, rac msjelobis saSualebas

mogcemT. ram gamoiwvia? ra faqtorebma ganapiroba? ra Seicvala? raze

moaxdina zemoqmedeba? SegiZliaT gamoTqvaT varaudebi.

daicaviT: moiyvaneT damcavi argumentebi, ratom fiqrobT ase? ra

argumentebi gaqvT saamisod?

sawinaaRmdego gamoTqviT: gamoTqviT sawinaaRmdego mosazrebebi,

daasaxeleT mizezebi.

Seafase: SeajameT naazrevi da gamoitaneT daskvna.

SerCeuli strategiebi mravalferovania, cxadia, dauflebas dro

sWirdeba. gasaTvaliswinebulia, rom weris strategiebis dauflebas

erovnuli saswavlo gegma dawyebiTi klasebidan iTvaliswinebs, rac

erTgvar baziss qmnis. strategiebis daufleba gacnobis procesSi

garkveul siZneles qmnis, magram Semdeg Tanamimdevruli sistemuri

muSaobiT TandaTan ioldeba da moswavlis mier weriTi namuSevris

warmatebiT Sesrulebis saSualeba xdeba.

$ 4. weris swavlebis koordinacia sagnobrivi kaTedris meSveobiT

sagnobriv kaTedras didi rolis Sesruleba SeuZlia maswavlebelTa

profesiuli ganviTarebisaTvis. viziarebT paata papavas rekomendacias

,,profesiuli ganviTarebisaTvis gaweuli muSaoba orientirebulia

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urTierTTanamSromlobaze, sistemurobaze, Sedegianobaze... maswavlebelTa

tradiciuli Semowmeba Canacvlebulia kolegialurobiT da mini

kvlevebiT... maswavleblebs mniSvnelovani cvlileba SeaqvT swavlebasa da

SefasebaSi (p. papava, 2005: 91).

erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixedviT gansazRvrulia sagnobrivi

kaTedris raoba da funqciebi.

yvela skolaSi, sadac ori an meti qarTuli enisa da literaturis

maswavlebelia, iqmneba qarTuli enisa da literaturis maswavlebelTa

kaTedra. misi muSaobis funqciebia:

qarTuli enisa da literaturiskoordinacia;

erTmaneTis gamocdilebis gaziareba, warmatebis winapirobebis

gansazRvra da problemis gadaWris gzebis Zieba.

saxelmZRvanelos SerCeva;

sxva sagnobrivi jgufis maswavlebelTan kooordinirebuli muSaoba;

profesiuli gzebis dasaxva;

rekomendaciebis SemuSaveba damxmare saswavlo masalebisa da

biblioTekisaTvis saWiro wignebis Sesaxeb;

rekomendaciebis SemuSaveba axali midgomebisa da meTodologiebis

Sesaxeb;

kaTedris efeqturi muSaobisaTvis sasurvelia Tavmjdomaris arCeva

erTi wlis vadiT. Tavmjdomaris funqciebia:

regularuli Sexvedrebis organizacia;

kaTedris gadawyvetilebis miwodeba skolis mmarTvelobisaTvis

saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi;

profesiuli ganaTlebis sasargeblo RonisZiebebis organizacia:

treningebis, seminarebis, konferenciebis da sxvaTa mowyoba.

kaTedras SeuZlia daawesos prizi maswavleblisa da moswavlisaTvis.

kaTedris wevrebi regularulad unda Seikribon (minimum erTxel TveSi).

aucilebelia Sekreba saswavlo wlis dasawyisSi. sxva sakiTxebTan erTad

xdeba saxelmZRvanelos arCeva, programis gansazRvra: ganixileba

sagnobrivi programebis standartebis Sesrulebis mimdinareoba, xolo

wlis bolos Sefasdeba, Tu ra xarisxiT iqna SesaZlebeli yvela

moswavlisaTvis sagnobriv programebSi aRwerili Sedegebis miRweva.

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kaTedris MmuSaobis miznebi da amocanebia:

moswavleze orientirebuli swavleba;

pedagogiuri siaxleebi, rogorc swavlebis xarisxis amaRlebis

mxardamWeri;

swavlebis miznebisa da amocanebis Sesabamisoba programis

moTxovnebTan;

swavlebis strategiebis sworad SerCeva;

saswavlo procesis dagegmvaSi moswavleebis monawileoba;

kvalifikaciis amaRlebis waxaliseba;

swavlebis ganviTarebis proeqtebi;

swavlebis strategiebis SerCeva miznis Sesabamisad;

informaciuli da sakomunikacio teqnologiebis gamoyenebis mkafio

da praqtikuli xedva da gamoyeneba;

saswavlo resursebis SerCeva, damzadeba, gamoyeneba;

swavlis Sefasebis formebis gamoyeneba;

moswavleTa codnis Sefasebis kriteriumis gansazRvra;

sxvadasxva programis treningebiT pedagogiuri unarebis srulyofa;

sagnobrivi kaTedris meSveobiT safexurebis mixedviT weris

arsebuli viTarebis gaanalizebis Semdeg Sedgeba programa _

swavleba/swavlis axali midgomebis danergva sabazo da saSualo

safexurze weris kompetenciebis sasurveli donis miRwevisaTvis.

miznis misaRwevad erTi sagnobrivi kaTedris farglebSi aseve sxva

kaTedrebTan urTierTobiT kaTedra problemis gadaWris gunduri

TanamSromlobis SesaZleblobas iZleva.

samoqmedo programaSi gaiTvaliwinebs Semdeg sakiTxebs:

I. weris Sedegebis (susti da Zlieri mxareebis) gamovlena pirveli

semestris mixedviT.

II. weris warmatebuli Sedegebis miRwevis gamocdilebis Seswavla,

ganzogadeba. am mimarTebiT Catardeba: 1. Ria gakveTilebi: a)wera

CarTulia sagakveTilo procesSi. b)gakveTilis mizania weris

kompetenciebis daufleba. g)weris miRweuli kompetenciebis gamoyeneba da

ganviTareba integrirebul gakveTilebze. 2. wris mecadineobebi

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Tavisufali daswrebiT; 3. klasis saaTi _ weriT miRweuli kompetenciebis

gamoyeneba; 4. Sexvedra-dialogi ,,maswavleblis profesiuli portreti.

III. weris swavleba/swavlisas gamovlenili siZneleebis dasaZlevad

treningebis Catareba:

weris strategiebi da maTi gamoyeneba saswavlo procesSi.

weris zogadi kompetenciebis miRwevis maxasiaTeblebi.

wera integrirebul gakveTilebze.

weriTi namuSevrebis Sefaseba.

IV. seminarebis Catareba.

wera sawreo muSaobis xarisxis asamaRleblad.

wera _ ,,klasis saaTisadmi” interesisa da motivirebis efeqturi

saSualeba.

,,weris seminarebi” saxelmZRvanelos mixedviT.

V. leqcia SekveTiT: kompetenciis raoba da misi miRwevis

maxasiaTeblebi. programa iTvaliswinebs maswavlebelTa profesiuli

ostatobis amaRlebas skolis doneze. yoveli saqmianobis Semdeg xdeba

cvlilelebi maswavleblis Sefasebis diagnostikur rukaze, sadac

aRiniSneba: a)gamocdileba, romelic gaziarebulia sxvebis mier;

b)semestris ganmavlobaSi daZleuli problema; g)problema, romelzec

muSaobs axal semestrSi.moswavleTa weriTi namuSevrebis gasworeba,

mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs Semajamebeli weris Sefaseba, kaTedris erT-erTi

mniSvnelovani problemaa. kaTedris wevrebi ASeimuSaveben weris

ganmsazRvreli Sefasebis erTian kriteriumebs, sqemebs.aucilebeli

moTxovnaa, rom Sefasebis kriteriumebi moswavleebisaTvis cnobili iyos

weris dawyebamde.

gTavazobT ganmsazRvreli Sefasebis praqtikaSi gamoyenebul

kriteriumebs, romelic ganapirobebs Sefasebis obieqturobis,

validurobis principebis dacvas.

1. naweris Sinaarsis TemasTan, saTaurTan Sesabamisoba.

2. weris strategiis SemoqmedebiTad gamoyeneba.

3. sakuTari damokidebulebis mkafiod gamoxatva.

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4. teqstis (an wyaroebis) codna, citatebis an mosazrebis

miznobrivad CarTva.

5. naweris stilis Sesabamisi sruqturis dacva.

6. orTografiuli Secdomebis raodenoba.

7. enobrivi normebis dacva.

8. leqsikuri simdidre.

CavatareT kvleva, romlis mizani iyo gamocdilebis gaziarebasTan

damokidebulebis Seswavla.

kvlevis meTodi: kvleviTi ese: `ra Semata werasTan dakavSirebiT Cems

pedagogiur gamocdilebas kaTedraze muSaobam”. eses analizis Sedegad

cxadi gaxda, rom maswavleblebi mxars uWeren sakiTxis konkretulad

ganxilvas, Seswavlas, Tvlian, rom bevri ram Secvales weris

swavlebasTan mimarTebaSi, kerZod, gamoiyenes axali strategiebi,

gaerkvnen kompetenciis miRwevis maxasiaTeblebSi, moswonT SemoqmedebiTi

Ziebis atmosfero, kaTedras miiCneven gunduri TanamSromlobis saukeTeso

saSualebad

sagnobrivi kaTedris meSveobiT ganxorcielda qarTuli enisa da

literaturis maswavlebelTa TanamSromloba weris swavleba/swavlis

TviTSefasebisa da ukeTesi gzebis ZiebisaTvis; xeli Seewyo sxva

sagnobrivi jgufis maswavleblebTan koordinirebul muSaobas.

kaTedris sxdomaze ganixileba weris gakveTilebis dagegmvis

resursebi, magaliTad, weris gakveTilebis Tematika moklevadiani

dagegmvisaTvis.

I. weris forma teqstis gagebisaTvis:

a)ese _ ,,haji usufis ganaCeni-zneobrivi sasjeli visTvis?”

wyaroebi: akaki wereTeli ,,gamzrdeli”; akaki baqraZe ,,zneobrivi

gmirisaTvis”.

b) Txzuleba _ ,,mindias filosofia”

wyaroebi: vaJa-fSavela `gvelismWameli; akaki baqraZe-,,vaJas mrwamsi”;

grigol kiknaZisa da Tamaz Cxenkelis kritikuli werilebi.

g) referati _ `paralelebi poemasa da Tqmulebas Soris” (vaJas

,,baxtrionis mixedviT)

127

wyaroebi: vaJa-fSavela `baxtrioni”, grigol kiknaZe ,,vaJa-fSavela”;

aka morCilaZe ,,glexi, mRvdlis Svili”; sandro razikaSvili

`mogonebani”.

II. Semajamebeli weriTi samuSao:

a) kritikuli mimoxilva _ `realoba emociebiT da uemociod” (mixeil

javaxiSvili ,,lambalo da yaSa”.

b) Txzuleba ,,monoba Tu erTguleba” (leo qiaCeli ,,haki aZba’);

g) teqstis enobriv-mxatvruli analizi ,,mwerlis sityvis gavlena”

(revaz inaniSvili ,,lara”).

III. mwerlis biografiis gavleba mis Semoqmedebaze _ ,,respodentis

fsiqologiuri portreti” (goderZi Coxelis ,,cxra SekiTxva siyvarulis

Sesaxeb”).

IV. naTargmni nawarmoebis analizi _ `saTauri da Sinaarsi” (ernest

heminguei ,,TeTri spiloebis msgavsi mTebi”. Targmani vaxtang WeliZisa)

V. analitikuri komentari _ ,,fiqrebi romanis wakiTxvis Semdeg”.

wyaroebi: jerom selinjeri ,,TamaSi Wvavis yanaSi”, rostom CxeiZe ,,neta

cocxalia jerom selinjeri?”.

VI. interpretacia da sakuTari Tvalsazrisi _ `Tavsafriani dedakaci”.

wyaroebi: niko lorTqifaniZe `Tavsafriani dedakaci”; merab mamardaSvili

,,cocxali sxeuli”; guram asaTiani ,,qarTuli sulis esTetikuri

bunebisaTvis”.

VII. moxseneba integrirebuli gakveTilisaTvis _ `mxatvruli da

istoriuli sinamdvile”. wyaroebi: konstantine gamsaxurdia ,,didostatis

konstantines marjvena”; wigni ,,qarTlis cxovreba”; anania jafariZe

,,qarTuli eklesiis istoria”.

Tavi III _ weris Sefaseba _ moswavlis warmatebuli Sedegis

misaRwevad gaweuli daxmareba

$ 1. Sefasebis axali sistemis gamoyeneba weris Sefasebisas

ganaTlebis sistemis winaSe, Tanamedrove moTxovnebis Sesabamisad,

dadga amocana _ uzrunvelyos TiToeuli adamiani iseTi codniTa da

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unar-CvevebiT, romlebic daexmareba mas arCevanis gakeTebaSi, swori

gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi, problemis gadaWraSi, mudmivad cvalebad

demokratiul garemosTan SeguebaSi. am cvlilebebis konteqstSi

gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba SeZenili codnisa da unar-Cvevebis

Sefasebas, rogorc swavleba/swavlis procesis erT-erT yvelaze

mniSvnelovan nawils. erovnuli saswavlo gegma gvTavazobs Sefasebis

mravalkomponentian sistemas.

Sefasebis sistema aris Sefasebis erTiani meTodi, romelic

xorcieldeba sxvadasxva institucionalur doneze. saqarTvelos

zogadsaganmanaTleblo sistemaSi axali saswavlo gegmis (2007) mixedviT

gamoiyofa Sefasebis sistemis ramdenime done.

1. erovnuli Sefasebis sistema, romlis saSualebiTac

saxelmwifo amowmebs, ramdenad Seesabameba moswavleTa miRwevebi

erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT dadgenil miRwevaTa doneebs da ramdenad

realuria am doneebis daZleva.

2. saskolo Sefasebis sistema, romlis saSualebiTac skola

adgens moswavleTa miRwevebis Sesabamisobas skolis saswavlo gegmiTa da

sagnobrivi standartebiT gansazRvrul moTxovnebTan.

3. moswavlis Sefasebis sistema, romlis saSualebiTac

maswavlebeli adgens TiToeuli moswavlis akademiur moswrebas skolis

Sefasebis zogad principebze dayrdnobiT.

erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gansazRvruli Sefasebis sistema

aTquliania. 10 saukeTeso qulaa, 1 _ yvelaze dabali.

qulebi 9-10 7-8 5-6 3-4 1-2

Sefasebis doneebi

maRali saSualoze

maRali saSualo

saSualoze dabali

dabali

Sefasebis principebia: sandooba, validuroba, obieqturoba,

gamWvirvaloba.

Sefaseba sandoa im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac Sefasebis Sedegebi

identuria, miuxedavad imisa, Tu vin, sad an rodis afasebs moswavlis

mier erTi da imave sakiTxis codnas. mag. Sefaseba sando iqneba mxolod

im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac:

sxvadasxva maswavlebeli erTsa da imave pasuxs erTnairad afasebs.

129

erTi maswavlebeli erTnair pasuxs yovelTvis erTnairad afasebs.

Sefasebis sandoobas uzrunvelyofs mkafiod Camoyalibebuli

sakiTxebi da davalebis instruqciebi, zustad gansazRvruli Sefasebis

kriteriumebi da gamsworeblis kvalifikacia.

Sefaseba validuria anu mizanTan Sesabamisi, rodesac maswavlebeli

afasebs zustad imas, ris Sefasebasac igi am konkretul SemTxvevaSi

isaxavs miznad. magaliTad, Tu Sefasebis mizania komunikaciis dros

konkretuli leqsikuri erTeulebis gamoyenebis unaris Semowmeba, xolo

davaleba mimarTulia gramatikis Sefasebaze, maSin am davalebiT

Tavdapirvel unars ver gavzomavT da Sefasebac aravaliduri, anu

mizanTan Seusabamo iqneba.

Sefaseba obieqturia im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac Sefasebis Sedegebi ar

aris damokidebuli Semfaseblis pirad mosazrebebze, mis pirovnul

survilebze an damokidebulebebze. amisaTvis ki aucilebelia, rom

Sefasebis kriteriumi da sqemebi imdenad mkafio da calsaxa iyos, rom

subieqturi gadawyvetilebebisTvis adgili ar rCebodes.

Sefaseba gamWvirvale anu Riaa im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac Sefasebis

meqanizmebi da kriteriumebi cnobilia yvela dainteresebuli pirisTvis,

pirvel rigSi ki moswavleebisTvis. SesaZlebelia, rom moswavleebi

Tavadac iRebdnen monawileobas Sefasebis kriteriumebis dadgenaSi da

Sefasebis sqemebis SemuSavebaSi. amiT maT sakuTari codnis Sefasebis

mimarT samarTlianobis grZnoba uyalibdebaT, Sefasebis procesi ki

gamWvirvalobas iZens.

Sefasebis mizania:

moswavleebs: daexmaros swavlaSi, misi meSveobiT gaacnobieron ra

ician, ras miaRwies da ra unda gaaumjobeson; daexmaros swavlis

procesis gaanalizebasa da miznis dasaxvaSi; misces stimuli da

daexmaros iseTi unarebis CamoyalibebaSi, romlebic gamoadgebaT maT

mTeli cxovrebis manZilze.

maswavleblebs: miawodos saswavlo procesis dagegmvisaTvis

aucilebeli informacia; saSualeba misces maT gansazRvron Sesabamisi

mizani da Seafason sakuTari Sromis efeqtianoba,.

skolas, mSoblebs: miawodos informacia moswavleTa miRwevebis

130

Sesaxeb, romelic aucileblad unda iqnas gamoyenebuli skolis

ganviTarebis gegmis Sedgenisas;

Sefasebis gziT:

moswavleebs a)eZlevaT saSualeba, gamoamJRavnon ra ician da risi

gakeTeba SeuZliaT; b)gaewevaT daxmareba, raTa kargad gaaanalizon: risi

gakeTeba SeuZliaT; sferoebi, romlebSic sWirdebaT codnis

gaumjobeseba; g)aqvT SesaZlebloba, Seicnon da ganaviTaron sakuTari

SesaZleblobebi.

maswavlebleblebs SeuZliaT dagegmon da daaxarisxon swavlebisa

da swavlisTvis saWiro aqtivobebi;

mSoblebi arian informirebulni bavSvebis warmatebis Taobaze;

ufro motivirebulni, aqtiurad CaerTon swavlis procesSi;

moswavlis Sefaseba sxvadasxva mizans emsaxureba. Sesabamisad,

arsebobs sxvadasxva, konkretuli miznis Sesabamisi Sefasebis ori

umniSvnelovanesi forma, romelic swavlisa da swavlebis ganuyofel da

sistemur nawils warmoadgens. esaa ganmsazRvreli anu ,,swavlis Sefaseba”

da ganmaviTarebeli anu ,,swavlisaTvis Sefaseba”. mniSvnelovania, rom

maswavlebelma icodes, Tu rodis da ra konkretuli miznisTvis unda

gamoiyenos Sefasebis erTi an meore forma.

ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis mizania, rom daexmaros moswavles

codnisa da unarebis ganviTarebaSi sxvadasxva rCevis, rekomendaciis Tu

problemis gadaWris gzebis SemuSavebis gziT. xeli Seuwyos

maswavlebels, raTa moswavleebis sisusteebisa da siZliereebis

gaTvaliswinebiT ukeT dagegmos saswavlo procesi da ufro efeqtianad

gansazRvros swavleba / swavlis misaRwevi Sedegebi.

ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis tipuri formebia zepiri da werilobiTi

komentarebi, romlebic keTdeba semestris ganmavlobaSi an semestris

bolos. komentarebi aRwers moswavlis (da misi namuSevrebis) Zlier da

sust mxareebs da, amavdroulad, Seicavs rekomendaciebs swavlis

gaumjobesebis Sesaxeb. ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis gavrcelebuli

formebia Sefasebisa da TviTSefasebis cxrilebis gamoyeneba.

ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba moswavlis ganviTarebaze da swavlebis

xarisxis amaRlebazea orientirebuli. aqedan gamomdinare, aseTi saxis

131

Sefasebisas ar aris savaldebulo, rom maswavlebelma moswavleebs

yovelTvis qula dauweros.

ganmsazRvreli Sefasebis mizania moswavleTa miRwevebis donis

gansazRvra saswavlo gegmasTan da saswavlo miznebTan mimarTebiT.

ganmsazRvreli Sefaseba, faqtobrivad, aris qula, romelsac

maswavlebeli uwers moswavles konkretuli Temis an sakiTxis

dasrulebis Semdeg semestris ganmavlobaSi an semestris \ wlis bolos.

ganmsazRvreli Sefasebis mizniT, maswavlebeli iyenebs sxvadasxva

,,Semajamebel” aqtivobebs. mag.: prezentacias, proeqtis ganxilvas, tests,

sakontrolo weras da a. S. ganmsazRvreli Sefaseba Sedegzea

orientirebuli. misi ZiriTadi daniSnuleba swavlebisa da swavlis

Sedegebis Semowmeba-Sefasebaa. aqedan gamomdinare, qulis dawera

ganmsazRvreli Sefasebis savaldebulo moTxovnaa. qulis saxiT micemuli

ganmsazRvreli Sefaseba moswavlis miRwevebis donis ganmsazRvrelia da

mas ar axlavs komentarebi an rekomendaciebi Sedegebis gaumjobesebis

Sesaxeb. mniSvnelovania, rom maswavlebeli sistematurad iyenebdes orive

saxis Sefasebas. amasTan, sasurvelia, ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis wili

ufro meti iyos, vidre ganmsazRvrelis. maswavlebeli moswavleebis

codnis da maTi unar-Cvevebis Sesafaseblad sxvadasxva meTods iyenebs. es

meTodebia testireba, TviTSefaseba, Tanatolis Sefaseba, maswavleblis

dakvirveba da komentari; moswavleebis mier sakuTari SesaZleblobebis

da miRebuli codnis Sefaseba aris TviTSefaseba, xolo megobris,

Tanaklaselis Sefaseba - TanatolTa Sefaseba;

$ 2. weris Sefasebis da TviTSefasebis sqemebi, meTodebi, formebi

TviTSefasebis an TanatolTa Sefasebis yvelaze ufro gavrcelebuli

forma Sefasebis sqemebia. yoveli konkretuli SemTxvevisa da saWiroebis

mixedviT maswavlebeli SeimuSavebs Sefasebis sqemebs;

Canaweri TviTSefasebis erT-erTi formaa, ris saSualebiTac

moswavle obieqturad afasebs sakuTar warmatebebs da problemebs, eZebs

sirTulis gadalaxvis gzebs.

132

TviTSefaseba da TanatolTa Sefaseba Sefasebis is meTodebia,

romlis drosac moswavle damoukideblad, maswavleblis uSualo

monawileobis gareSe adevnebs Tvals codnis miRebis process da afasebs

Tavis SesaZleblobebs. es ki mas damoukideblad swavlis unar-Cvevas

uyalibebs.

Sefasebis mravalferovani formebidan SevarCioT weriTi naSromis

SefasebisTvis Semdegi formebi, meTodebi, sqemebi.

1. weriTi namuSevris Sefasebis cxrili

moswavle ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tema ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

moswavlem: diax ara SeniSvnebi

sworad gansazRvra mizani

gaakeTa marTebuli arCevani

Camoayaliba Tvalsazrisi

dasaxa miznad konkretuli

auditoriisaTvis wera

miusadaga ena Sinaarsi da

formati auditorias

iyenebs am formatis \ auditoriis

Sesabamis leqsikas

azrs naTlad ayalibebs

cdilobs Tavad gaukeTos

redaqtireba sakuTar namuSevars

moswavlis winsvlasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi / momentebi:

sakiTxebi / momentebi, rasac yuradReba unda mieqces:

argumentirebuli Temis Sefasebis rubrika

maxasiaTeblebi

1 _ 2 qula

3 _5 qula

6 _7 qula

8 _10 qula

Tez

isi

ar aris Tezisi

Tezisi aris bundovani

Tezisi damakmayofilebladaa Camoyalibebuli

Tezisi kargadaa Camoyalibebuli

133

Tez

is g

amyareb

a ar

gument

ebiT

a da magal

iTeb

iT ar aris

argumentebi da magaliTebi

aris erTi an ori argumenti, magram isini ar amyareben Teziss

aris argumentebi, amyareben Teziss magram ar aris moyvanili Sesabamisi magaliTebi

Tezisi gamyarebulia argumentebiTa da magaliTebiT

saw

inaaRmd

ego

mosaz

reb

is

ganxil

va

ar aris naxsenebi arc erTi sawinaaRmdego mosazreba

naxsenebia sawinaaRmdego mosazreba, magram ar aris axsnili igi

ganxilulia sawinaaRmdego mosazrebis mizezebi, magram ar aris axsnili, Tu ratom aris sakuTari mosazreba swori

amomwuravad ganxilulia sawinaaRmdego mosazrebis mizezebi da axsnilia, Tu ratom aris sakuTari Sexeduleba swori

Temis

organiz

eba

Tema ar aris organizebuli

Tema organizebulia, magram xandaxan scildeba sakiTxs; xandaxan abzacebi ar aris gamoyofili

Temas aqvs erTmaneTisagan gamijnuli Sesavali, ZiriTadi nawili da daskvna; abzacebi, rogorc wesi, gamoyofilia

Tema kargad aris organizebuli: Sesavali aRZravs mkiTxvelis interess, SesavalSive gadmocemulia Tezisi, aqvs ZiriTadi nawili, romelSic abzacebi kargad aris gamoyofili; aqvs daskvna, romelSic Sejamebulia Temis ZiriTad nawilSi ganxiluli argumentebi

enobrivi

mxar

e

aris Zalian bevri gramatikuli Secdoma; winadadebebi xSirad gaumarTavia

aris gramatikuli Secdomebi; winadadebebi zogjer ar aris kargad gamarTuli

aris zogierTi gramatikuli Secdoma; punqtuacia ar aris yovelTvis daculi

ar gvxvdeba gramatikuli Secdomebi; winadadebebi aris kargad gamarTuli; TiTqmis ar aris punqtuaciuri Secdomebi; sityvebi kargad aris SerCeuli; ar vxvdebiT Jargonebsa da bevr xatovan gamoTqmas

sqema weriTi komunikaciisTvis:

davalebis piroba I: mocemuli biografiuli cnobaris mixedviT

dawere am mwerlis biografia. gamoiyene enobrivi konstruqciebi _ . . . –

mde . . –iT adre; . . . –dan . . . –is Semdeg (mag. Cabarebidan ori wlis

Semdeg . . ). sityvebis minimaluri raodenobaa _ 130.

qulebi

pirobasTan saTanadooba

134

icavs sityvebis raodenobis qveda zRvars 0 - 1

icavspirobisSinaarsobrivmoTxovnebs (wersmocemulbiografiulcnobarzedayrdnobiT, iyenebsmiTiTebulkonstruqcias)

0 - 1

komunikaciuri unar-Cvevebi gasagebad da Tanamimdevrulad gadmoscems

informaciebs 0 - 2

azustebs, rodis ra moxda 0 - 1

enobrivi unar-Cvevebi

iyenebs naswavl gramatikul konstruqciebs, formebs 0 - 2

iyenebs saTanado leqsikas 0 - 1

SemoqmedebiTi unar-Cvevebi

iCens gabedulebas enobrivi TvalsazrisiT 0 - 1

qulaTa maqsimaluri raodenobaa 10

davalebis piroba II: mocemul suraTze dayrdnobiT gadmoeci ambavi _

ra xdeboda suraTis gadaRebamde ori saaTiT adre da ra moxda mis

Semdeg. daazuste personaJTa vinaoba, daaxasiaTe isini, miuTiTe

movlenaTa Tanamimdevroba, dro da adgili. saubris minimaluri dro

_2wT.

qulebi

davalebis pirobasTan Sesabamisoba

icavs drois limits 0 - 1

icavs pirobis Sinaarsobriv moTxovnebs 0 - 1

komunikaciuri unari

Tanamimdevrulad aRwers\gadmoscems moqmedebebs 0 - 2

gansazRvravs moqmedebis drosa da sivrces 0 - 1

saubrobs garkveviT 0 - 1

enobrivi unari

iyenebs naswavl gramatikul konstruqciebs, formebs 0 - 1

iyenebs saTanado leqsikas 0 - 1

SemoqmedebiTi unari

avlens fantaziis unars, originalurobas 0 - 1

iCens gabedulebas enobrivi TvalsazrisiT 0 - 1

qulaTa maqsimaluri raodenobaa 10

weriTi muSaobis holisturi Sefasebis sqema

135

qula

8—10

davalebis moTxovnas pasuxobs srulad. azri mkafiod da Tanamimdevrulad aris gadmocemuli. gramatika da leqsika moTxovnis Sesabamisia. Secdomebis raodenoba umniSvneloa

I jgufi

II jgufi

III jgufi

6—7 davalebis moTxovnas pasuxobs nawilobriv. azri Tanmimdevrulad mxolod zog SemTxvevaSia gadmocemuli. gramatika da leqsika moTxovnaze martivia. Secdomebis raodenoba zog SemTxvevaSi xels uSlis azris gagebas

3—4 davalebismoTxovnasmxolodmciredpasuxobs. azrisgagebaWirs. gramatikulidaleqsikuriSecdomebiariswinadadebisumetesobaSi

1—2 naweri davalebas ar pasuxobs, azris gageba SeuZlebelia

gasaTvaliswinebelia is kriteriumebi, romelic mocemulia erovnul

gamocdebze weris Sefasebis cxrilebSi

1. weriTi davaleba-Txzuleba

I kriteriumi davalebis adekvaturad gageba da gaazreba qulebi

1. davalebis piroba adekvaturadaa gagebuli, teqsti

Rrmadaa gaazrebuli, naSromSi igrZnoba avtoris

umTavresi saTqmelisa da emociuri mizandasaxulobis

wvdoma

4

2. davalebis piroba da teqsti adekvaturadaa gagebuli 3

3. davalebis piroba da teqsti mTlianobaSi adekvaturadaa

gagebuli da gaazrebuli, Tumca erT SemTxvevaSi

SeiniSneba davalebis pirobis an/da teqstis

araadekvaturi gageba

2

4. erTze met SemTxvevaSi davalebis piroba an/da teqsti

araadekvaturadaa gagebuli

1

5. teqsti mTlianobaSi araadekvaturadaa gagebuli. 0

II kriteriumi

136

naSromis ageba qulebi

1. naSromi upasuxebs samive miTiTebas da kargadaa

organizebuli, monakveTebi Tanamimdevrulad da

logikurad enacvleba erTmaneTs, abzacebi sworadaa

gamoyofili. davalebis miTiTeba Sesrulebulad ar

CaiTvleba, Tu masze mxolod erTi-ori winadadebiT iqneba

pasuxi gacemuli.

3

2. naSromi upasuxebs or miTiTebas da kargadaa

organizebuli, monakveTebi Tanamimdevrulad da

logikurad enacvleba erTmaneTs, abzacebi sworadaa

gamoyofili; an naSromi upasuxebs sam miTiTebas, Tumca

nawilobriv darRveulia teqstis logika an/da zogan

abzacebi arasworadaa gamoyofili

2

3. naSromi upasuxebs erT miTiTebas da kargadaa

organizebuli, monakveTebi Tanamimdevrulad da

logikurad enacvleba erTmaneTs, abzacebi sworadaa

gamoyofili

1

4. naSromi upasuxebs erT miTiTebas, Tumca nawilobriv

darRveulia teqstis logika an/da zogan abzacebi

arasworadaa gamoyofili.

0

III kriteriumi

mosazrebebis argumentireba da adekvaturi citireba qulebi

1. msjeloba samive miTiTebis mixedviT dasabuTebulia

(argumentirebulia) da argumentebi gamyarebulia teqsturi

masaliT.

6

2. msjeloba ori miTiTebis mixedviT dasabuTebulia da

argumentebi gamyarebulia teqsturi masaliT, xolo mesame

miTiTebaze msjelobisas argumentebi aradamajerebelia

da/an ar aris gamyarebuli teqsturi masaliT.

5

3. msjeloba ori miTiTebis mixedviT dasabuTebulia da

argumentebi gamyarebulia teqsturi masaliT, xolo mesame

miTiTeba saerTod ar aris Sesrulebuli (perifrazia an

msjeloba oriode winadadebiTaa gadmocemuli).

4

4. msjeloba erTi miTiTebis mixedviT dasabuTebulia da

argumentebi gamyarebulia teqsturi masaliT, xolo or

miTiTebaze msjelobisas argumentebi aradamajerebelia

da/an ar aris gamyarebuli teqsturi masaliT

3

5. msjeloba erTi miTiTebis mixedviT dasabuTebulia da

argumentebi gamyarebulia teqsturi masaliT, meore

miTiTebis mixedviT msjelobisas argumentebi

aradamajerebelia da/an ar aris gamyarebuli teqsturi

masaliT, xolo mesame miTiTeba saerTod ar aris

2

137

Sesrulebuli (perifrazia an msjeloba oriode

winadadebiTaa gadmocemuli).

6. samive miTiTebis mixedviT msjelobisas argumentebi

aradamajerebelia da/an ar aris gamyarebuli teqsturi

masaliT

1

7. ori miTiTebis mixedviT msjelobisas argumentebi

aradamajerebelia da/an ar aris gamyarebuli teqsturi

masaliT, xolo mesame miTiTeba saerTod ar aris

Sesrulebuli; an msjeloba erTi miTiTebis mixedviT

dasabuTebulia da argumentebi gamyarebulia teqsturi

masaliT, xolo danarCeni miTiTebebi saerTod ar aris

Sesrulebuli; anda erTi miTiTebis mixedviT msjelobisas

argumentebi aradamajerebelia da/an ar aris gamyarebuli

teqsturi masaliT, xolo danarCeni miTiTebebi saerTod

ar aris Sesrulebuli

0

IV kriteriumi

teqstis mxatvruli Taviseburebebis Sefaseba qulebi

1. naSromSi gamoyofilia teqstis mxatvruli

Taviseburebebi da msjeloba dasabuTebulia konkretuli

magaliTebiT.

2

2. naSromSi gamoyofilia teqstis mxatvruli

Taviseburebebi, magram msjeloba ar aris dasabuTebuli

konkretuli magaliTebiT

1

3. naSromSi ar aris gamoyofili teqstis mxatvruli

Taviseburebebi.

0

V kriteriumi

damoukidebeli azrovneba da zogadi ganaTleba qulebi

1. naSromSi mkafiod gamovlinda aplikantis

damoukidebeli azrovnebisunari, SexedulebaTa da

SefasebaTa araSablonuroba da zogadi ganaTleba.

3

2. naSromSi nawilobriv gamovlinda aplikantis

damoukidebeli azrovnebis unari, Tumca mkafiod

gamovlinda aplikantis zogadi ganaTleba; anda naSromSi

mkafiod gamovlinda aplikantis damoukidebeli azrovnebis

unari, SexedulebaTa da SefasebaTa araSablonuroba,

Tumca nawilobriv gamovlinda aplikantis zogadi

ganaTleba

2

3. naSromSi nawilobriv gamovlinda aplikantis zogadi

ganaTlebac da damoukidebeli azrovnebis unaric; an ar

gamovlinda aplikantis damoukidebeli azrovnebis unari,

Tumca nawilobriv gamovlinda aplikantis zogadi

ganaTleba; anda naSromSi nawilobriv gamovlinda

1

138

aplikantis damoukidebeli azrovnebis unari, magram ar

gamovlinda aplikantis zogadi ganaTleba.

4. naSromSi ar gamovlinda aplikantis damoukidebeli

azrovnebis unari, agreTve ar gamovlinda aplikantis

zogadi ganaTleba.

0

VI kriteriumi

faqtobrivi Secdomebi qulebi

1. naSromSi ar aris daSvebuli faqtobrivi Secdoma. 1

2. naSromSi daSvebulia faqtobrivi Secdoma 0

VII kriteriumi

leqsika da stili qulebi

1. naSromSi azri enobrivad (leqsikurad) zustad da

mkafiodaa gamoxatuli, SerCeulia dasmuli amocanis

Sesaferisi stili, agreTve daculia naSromis stilisturi

erTgvarovneba, gvxvdeba oriode stilisturi xarvezi.

2

2. naSromSi azri gasagebia, magram leqsika mwiria,

gvxvdeba ramdenime stilisturi xarvezi.

1

3. Txzuleba stilisturad gaumarTavia 0

VIII kriteriumi

sintaqsuri konstruqciebi qulebi

1. naSromSi daSvebulia erTi sintaqsuri Secdoma. 2

2. naSromSi daSvebulia ori sintaqsuri Secdoma. 1

3. naSromSi daSvebulia orze meti sintaqsuri Secdoma 0

IX kriteriumi

morfologia, orTografia da punqtuacia qulebi

1. ar aris oTxze meti am tipis Secdoma. 2

2. ar aris cxraze meti am tipis Secdoma. 1

3. daSvebulia cxraze meti am tipis Secdoma 0

2.funqciuri wera

teqstis organizeba

qula

1. teqsti organizebulia da pasuxi gacemulia samive

miTiTebaze.

3

2. teqsti organizebulia da pasuxi gacemulia ori

miTiTebaze an pasuxi gacemulia samive miTiTebaze,

magram teqsti ar aris saTanadodorganizebuli.

2

3. teqsti organizebulia, magram pasuxi gacemulia

mxolod erT miTiTebaze an pasuxi gacemulia or

1

139

miTiTebaze, magram teqsti ar aris saTanadod

organizebuli

4. davaleba araadekvaturadaa gagebuli

0

dasabuTeba

qula 1. kargad aris dasabuTebuli samive miTiTeba. 3

2. kargad aris dasabuTebuli ori miTiTeba da mesame _

nawilobriv 2

3. kargad aris dasabuTebuli erTi miTiTeba da ori _ nawilobriv.

1

4. nawilobriv aris dasabuTebuli samive miTiTeba. 0 leqsika da stili

qula

1. naSromSiazrienobrivad (leqsikurad)

zustaddamkafiodaagamoxatuli,

SerCeuliadasmuliamocanisSesaferisistili,

daculianaSromisstilisturierTgvarovneba.

gvxvdebaoriodestilisturixarvezi.

2

2. naSromSi azri gasagebia, magram leqsika mwiria,

gvxvdeba stilisturi xarvezebi.

1

3. naSromSi stilisturad gaumarTavia. 0

morfologia, orTografia, sintaqsi

qula

1. ar aris daSvebuli orze meti Secdoma. 3

2. ar aris daSvebuli oTxze meti Secdoma 2

3. ar aris daSvebuli eqvsze meti Secdoma. 1

4. daSvebulia eqvsze meti Secdoma 0

punqtuacia

qula

1. ar aris daSvebuli orze meti Secdoma 1

2. daSvebulia orze meti Secdoma. 0

TviTSefaseba, obieqturad da sworad Seafason sakuTari kompetencia,

Zalian mniSvnelovania moswavleTa momavali warmatebisTvis.

saxelmZRvaneloSi ,,ganviTarebisa da swavlebis Teoriebi” (2008: 104)

SemoTavazebulia TviTSefasebis ramdenime strategia:

• sTxoveT moswavleebs, gaakeTon yovelkvireuli an yovelTviuri

Canawerebi, sadac Seafaseben, ramdenad kargad Seasrules davalebebi;

sTxoveT, aRniSnon Sesrulebuli samuSaos Zlieri da susti mxareebi;

140

• sTxoveT moswavleebs, patara jgufebSi Seafason erTmaneTis

namuSevrebi.

• sTxoveT moswavleebs, Seqmnan saqaRalde, sadac TavianT saukeTeso

namuSevrebs mouyrian Tavs; agreTve, yvela namuSevars Tan unda axldes

moswavlis Sefaseba.

moswavleebs, romelTac swavlis TviTregulaciis unari aqvT,

SeuZliaT Seafason, ramdenad kargad daexmarebaT naswavli masala

TavianTi miznebis miRwevaSi. Tu amis saWiroeba arsebobs, maT cvlilebebi

SeaqvT swavlis strategiebSi.

masloum dadebiTi TviTSefaseba anu moTxovnileba imisa, rom

mogwondes sakuTari Tavi, misi xuTsafexuriani moTxovnilebebis

ierarqiis meoTxe safexurze moaTavsa. sxva adamianebis mier aRiarebis,

pativiscemis da mowonebis moTxovnileba warmatebis, kompetenturobis da

damoukideblobis sawindaria.

mniSvnelovania, maswavleblma gaiTvaliswinos komentarebis gakeTebis

aucilebloba moswavleebis mier Sesrulebul samuSaoebze. pozitiuri

komentarebi da waxaliseba amaRlebs moswavlis TviTSefasebas da rwmenas

sakuTar SesaZleblobebSi.

Tavis miRwevebs moswavle ukeT acnobierebs weris procesSi.

Canawerebis saSualebiT moswavle obieqturad afasebs sakuTar

warmatebebs da problemebs, eZebs sirTulis gadalaxvis gzebs. sworad

SerCeuli weris strategiebiT eweva TviTSefasebas da ukeT warmarTavs

sakuTar saswavlo saqmianobas.

portfolio, rogorc TviTSefasebis forma

portfolio moswavlis mier Segrovili masalis nimuSia, romelic

moicavs Sefasebul namuSevrebs, faqtebisa da movlenebis gaweras,

ilustracias, intervius, amonaridebs da ase Semdeg.

portfolios Sesadgenad masala grovdeba garkveul periodSi.

wardgena xdeba klasis winaSe. SesaZlebelia prezentaciis Semdegac

gagrZeldes portfolios Sevseba.

portfolio Sefasebis erT-erTi aqtiuri formaa. werisas efeqturi

gamodga misi, rogorc TviTSefasebis formatis gamoyeneba.

141

Sefasebis mizani, Sinaarsi, kriteriumebi da periodis xangrZlivoba

ganisazRvreba moswavleebis monawileobiT;

portfolio SeiZleba Seicavdes moswavlis mier Sesrulebul

saSinao da saklaso davalebebs, jgufuri proeqtebis angariSebs,

Tavisufali werebis, TviTSefasebis kiTxvaris, testirebis masalebs daa.S.

Sefasebis periodis dasrulebis Semdeg moswavle saqaRaldidan

saukeTeso naSromebs arCevs da maT Sesaxeb wers eses, romelSic aRwers:

ra iswavla Sefasebis periodSi; ra masala SearCia amis

damadastureblad; ratom SearCia es masala; ratom Tvlis, rom swavlis

procesma warmatebiT Caiara; mohyavs argumentebi rubrikebis saxiT,

romelic TviTSefasebisaTvis gamoiyena.

portfolioTi fasdeba moswavlis mier miRweuli swavlis Sedegebi.

moswavlis saswavlo Canawerebis nimuSi moxsenebis momzadebisaTvis:

es saukeTeso formaa imis dasadgenad, Tu ras miaRwia moswavlem da risi

gaumjobeseba esaWiroeba.

saxeli, gvari ------------------------------------------------

TariRi ------------------------------------------------

auditoria ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

moxsenebis saTauri ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

moxsenebis mizani/sagani ---------------------------------------------------------------------

ra gavakeTe ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ra viswavle ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

rogor da riT SemiZlia gavaumjobeso Cemi moxseneba ------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

maswavleblis SeniSvnebi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TviTSefasebis sqemebi:

1. saxeli, gvari------------------------------------------------

TariRi ------------------------------------------------

Semoxaze swori pasuxi

davalebis moTxovnas vupasuxe zustad diax ara

moviyvane ramdenime magaliTi diax ara

142

davicavi abzacebi diax ara

davicavi sityvebis raodenoba diax ara

naSromi gadavaTeTre diax ara

2. saxeli, gvari------------------------------------------------

TariRi ------------------------------------------------

Semoxaze swori pasuxi

Cems azrs Riad gamovTqvam diax ara

vcdilob, argumentirebulad visaubro diax ara

roca sxva laparakobs, yuradRebiT vusmen diax ara

gansxvavebuli azri mainteresebs diax ara

gansxvavebul azrs viTvaliswineb diax ara

vicav drois limits diax ara

miznobrivi sqemis ageba:

ra aris Cemi mizani?

ra masalas gamoviyeneb miznis misaRwevad?

rogori iqneba Cemi naweris formati?

ra saxis problemebi SeiZleba Semeqmnas muSaobisas?

rogor SemeZleba Seqmnili problemebis daZleva?

dRiuris warmoeba

esaa TviTSefasebaze orientirebuli Canaweri. maswavlebeli sTxovs

moswavleebs:

• gakveTilis an misi romelime etapi aRwereT subieqturad, Tqveni

TvalTaxedviT, sakuTari rolis gacnobierebiT.

• scadeT aRweroT igive obieqturad, dafiqrebiT.

kiTxvari TviTSefasebisTvis:

N#

yovelTvis

xSir

ad

zogjer

aras

dros

1 swavlis procesi CemTvis sainteresoa

143

2 momwons jgufSi muSaoba

3 ukeT vmuSaob damoukideblad

4 SemiZlia sakuTari azris naTlad da damajereblad

Cawera

5 prezentaciisas SerCeuli sityvebis saSualebebiT

SemiZlia davipyro auditoriis yuradReba

6 SemiZlia yuradRebiT movismino sxvisi Sexeduleba,

CemTvis miuRebelic ki

7 amovicnob problemas teqstSi, vmsjelob

argumentirebulad, vakeTeb daskvnebs

8 problemas vxedav sxvadasxva poziciidan da SemiZlia

vamtkico Cemi Sexedulebis sapirispiro azric

9 vwer mxatvruli nawarmoebis analizs

10 ganvasxvaveb metyvelebis stils

11 amovicnob teqstSi konceptualur informacias

12 SemiZlia mopovebuli informaciis daxarisxeba da

organizeba weris Temis Sesabamisad

13 SemiZlia Sevqmna sxvadasxva saxis mxatvruli Tu

aramxatvruli teqsti

14 vwer saliteraturo normebis dacviT, intonaciuri

sizustiT

15 vwer eses, recenzias, referats

16 vmuSaob proeqtze

17 vmonawileob araprogramul, damatebiT RonisZiebebSi

18

vfiqrob, Cems ganaTlebaze yvelaze metad pasuxismgebeli

Tavad var

19 Cemi SesaZleblobis maqsimums vavlen skolaSi

20 mesmis, rogor davukavSiro skolaSi naswavli realur

cxovrebas

TviTSefasebis mudmivi warmoeba moswavles uyalibebs Secdomis

mimarT swor damokidebulebas. igi cdilobs gaaanalizos da

gaacnobieros Tavisi saswavlo procesi, gamoavlinos susti da Zlieri

mxareebi, Sesabamisad dagegmos saswavlo grafiki, muSaobis wesebi da

organizebulad gamoiyenos swavlisaTvis gankuTvnili dro.

weraSi moswavleTa miRwevebis popularizaciis Zalian efeqturi da

144

Sedegiani formebia:

skolis literaturuli almanaxis gamocema;

moswavleTa leqsebis, Canaxatebis, azrebis individualuri

gamocemebi,

skolis literaturul gazeTSi ganTavseba,

periodul Jurnal-gazeTebSi gamoqveyneba;

skolis vebgverdze ganTavseba;

SemoqmedebiT konkursebSi, konferenciebSi monawileoba;

kvleviTi an SemoqmedebiTi proeqtebis Sedgena – miznis, amocanebis,

gansaxorcielebeli RonisZiebebis, drois marTvis, biujetirebis,

mosalodneli Sedegebis, monitoringis gaTvaliswinebiT da

prezentaciebis mowyoba;

komentari an gamoxmaureba mimdinare Sefasebis erT-erTi meTodia. es

aris informacia-Sefaseba, romelsac maswavlebeli an Tanaklaseli

awvdis moswavles konkretuli pasuxis an davalebis Sesrulebis xarisxis

Sesaxeb. igi moicavs pasuxis sisworis dadasturebas, Seqebas, gamxnevebas,

rCevas, mowodebas, Secdomis aRniSvnas, gasworebis gzas.

komentari an gamoxmaureba SeiZleba iyos zepiri an werilobiTi,

konkretuli, obieqturi, keTilganwyobili, rig SemTxvevaSi

konfidencialuric, taqtiani, motivirebuli, gaumjobesebisaken

mimarTuli. igi exmareba moswavles gaakontrolos codnis miRebis

procesSi misi roli da adgili, gaacnobieros sakuTari warmateba an

warumatebloba, iswavlos kritikis, SeniSvnis gaziareba, ukeTesi gzis

gansazRvra.

gTavazobT komentaris an gamoxmaurebis qarTuli enisa da

literaturis gakveTilze gamoyenebis magaliTebs:

erTi kiTxulobs referats, ori moswavle akeTebs komentars;

saSinao davalebis Sesrulebis Sesaxeb komentari;

erTi wyvilis an jgufis mier Sesrulebul namuSevarze meore

wyvilis an jgufis komentari.

aucilebelia moswavlesTan SeTanxmebiT gansazRvruli iyos _ raze,

ratom, rogori kriteriumiT iqneba warmodgenili komentari an

gamoxmaureba. gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom Tavdapirvelad aRiniSneba

145

dadebiTi, Semdeg SeniSvnebi, kritika, survilebi. magaliTad, moswavle

saubrobs Temaze ,,lado asaTianis werilebi“ (VII klasi), komentari an

gamoxmaureba iTvaliswinebs: sxvadasxva funqciuri (sasaubro, mxatvruli,

publicisturi, oficialuri, saqmiani) stilisTvis damaxasiaTebeli

sintaqsuri konstruqciebis, zepiri Txrobis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebis

(intonacia, Jesti, mimika, xma), movlenaTa Tanmimdevrobis gamomxatveli

sityvebis marTebulad gamoyenebasa da auditoriasTan urTierTobas.

testi moswavlis Sefasebis erT-erT mniSvnelovan instruments

warmoadgens. testuri SekiTxvebi SeiZleba iyos Ria da daxuruli.

miuxedavad imisa, Tu ra saxisaa testi da ra miznisTvisaa Seqmnili, igi

ramdenime aucilebel moTxovnas unda akmayofilebdes:

swored im codnas zomavdes, ris gazomvasac es konkretuli testi

isaxavs miznad, Sefasebis Sedegi ki yvela SemTxvevaSi identur pasuxs

unda iZleodes;

testis Sedegebi fasdebodes winaswar SemuSavebuli pasuxebiT an

Sefasebis sqemiT. winaswar iyos dadgenili qulebis raodenoba swori

pasuxisTvis;

testi gansazRvrul drois limitze iyos gaTvlili;

moswavleebma winaswar icodnen, Tu ra formatisaa testi, ras

amowmebs, rogoria Sefasebis meqanizmi da ra droa misTvis gamoyofili.

yuradReba unda mivaqcioT imas, rom naSromis gasworeba Secdomebis

daTvlis procedurad ar gadaiqces!

Tavi IV _ didaqtikur gamocdilebaze dafuZnebuli sacdeli

muSaobis Sedegebi

maswavlebelTa SemoqmedebiTi siaxleebiT swavlebis didaqtikuri

gamocdilebis Seswavla da gavrceleba aTeuli wlebis manZilze

xdeboda qalaqis, raionis, maswavlebelTa kvalifikaciis amaRlebisa da

gadamzadebis institutebis doneze. maT Soris iyo baTumis

maswavlebelTa kvalifikaciis amaRlebisa da gadamzadebis instituti,

romelic momsaxurebas uwevda aWara-guriis regionis skolebs da mravali

146

mowinave pedagogiuri gamocdileba iqna Seswavlili, ganzogadebuli da

waxalisebuli J. cirekiZis, n. doliZis, v. donaZis, v. wulukiZis, m.

diasamiZis, a. iSxneliZis, n. gogitiZis, a. beriZis, v. makaraZis, m.

tarielaZis da sxvaTa mier.

saintereso gamocdilebaa aRwerili v. wulukiZis (1982), n. gugunavas

(2003), a. zoiZis (1993), i. bibileiSvilis (2008), u. obolaZis (1988)

naSromebsa da statiebSi. gamocdilebis gaziarebis problemis kvlevas

mieZRvna a. surmaniZis, i. turbovskois (1988), z. provotarovas (1988)

naSromebi.

qarTuli enisa da literaturis maswavlebelTa gamocdilebis

krebulSi (1983) Semoinaxa maswavleblebis: e. surgulaZis, m. inasariZis, c.

megrelaZis da sxvaTa gamocdileba, romelTac mniSvneloba dResac ar

daukargavT.

sayuradRebod miviCnieT jon diuiს (,,ganaTleba da gamocdileba”,

1952) ideebi: swavleba gamocdilebiT, qmedebiT, aRmoCeniT.

skolis Sefasebis kiTxvarebSi rekomendebulia Semdegi kiTxva –

ramdenad xSirad mimarTaven maswavleblebi sakuTari pedagogiuri

kvalifikaciis gasaumjobesebel aqtivobebs: seminarebSi monawileobas,

kolegebTan gamocdilebis gaziarebasa da sxv. (p. papava, 2005: 111).

maswavleblis profesiuli standarti pedagogis profesiul

winsvlad iTvleba.

kvlevis Semdgomi etapi _ sacdeli muSaoba daefuZna pirad

didaqtikur gamocdilebas da sasurveli Sedegis miRwevis praqtikosi

maswavleblebisTvis gaziarebasa da Sefasebas.

,,sacdeli muSaoba _ es aris specialurad organizebuli cda,

romlis drosac xdeba movlenebis modelireba da isinjeba

SemoTavazebuli axali pirobebi, meTodebi, xerxebi, romelTac, winaswari

varaudiT, SeuZliaT uzrunvelyon swavlebisa da aRzrdis maRali

efeqturoba” (a. gobroniZe, ,,pedagogika”, 2000: 37).

sacdeli muSaobis mizani _ qarTuli enisa da literaturis

gakveTilebze weris zogadi kompetenciebis miRweva da misi gamoyeneba

integrirebuli swavleba/swavlis procesSi.

amocanebi:

147

qarTuli enisa da literaturis gakveTilebze weris zogadi

kompetenciebis miRwevis gamocdilebis aRwera;

weris zogadi kompetenciebis integrirebuli swavleba/swavlis

procesSi gamoyenebis gamocdilebis efeqturobis gansazRvra;

weris zogadi kompetenciebis ganviTareba gakveTilgareSe

saqmianobaSi.

winaswari varaudi:

weris kompetenciebis daufleba qarTuli enisa da literaturis

gakveTilze mimdinareobs saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli programis

mixedviT, gamoyofili saaTebis moculobaSi. raime damatebiTi saaTebi an

mecadineoba saWiro ar aris.

weris zogadi kompetenciebis swavleba/swavlis procesSi gamoiyeneba

SerCeuli weris strategiebi da Sefasebis axali sistema.

weris zogadi kompetenciebis integrirebul saswavlo procesSi

gamoyenebis efeqturoba vlindeba swavleba/swavliT miRweuli Sedegebis

xarisxis amaRlebaSi.

sacdeli muSaobisaTvis meTodi: modelireba.

sacdeli muSaobisaTvis modelirebis meTodis arCevani

ganpirobebuli iyo SemdegiT: ,,modelirebis meTodis meSveobiT xdeba

axali pedagogiuri movlenebisa da procesebis modelebis damuSaveba,

ufro srulyofili variantebis konstruireba, pedagogiuri saqmianobis

proeqtebisa da saswavlo-saaRmzrdelo muSaobis axali sistemis Seqmna”

(a. gobroniZe, ,,pedagogika”, 2000: 33)

sacdeli muSaoba 2007-2010 wlebSi mimdinareobda baTumis #21 sajaro

skolis (amJamad ssip salibauris #2 sajaro skola) sabazo da saSualo

safexuris rva klasSi, CarTuli iyo 120 moswavle.

sacdeli muSaobis procedura: tardeboda Ria mecadineobebi,

romelsac eswrebodnen sxvadasxva sagnis maswavleblebi, mSoblebi, sxva

klasis moswavleebi. garda amisa maswavleblebi periodulad werdnen

eses ,,ra Semata Cems pedagogiur saqmianobas gacnobilma gamocdilebam,

moswavleebi werdnen eses: ,,raSi mWirdeba zogadi kompetenciebis

daufleba”, ,,rogor vgrZnob Tavs integrirebul gakveTilze”. Sedegebi

ganixileboda yoveli semestris bolos sagnobrivi kaTedris sxdomaze.

148

yvela SeniSvnis, eses, analizis safuZvelze Segvqonda cvlileba

modelSi.

sacdeli muSaobis procesSi swavlebis organizacia warimarTa:

a)gakveTilis formiT; b)gakveTilgareSe sawreo da sadamrigeblo

saqmianobis formiT.

sacdeli muSaobis Sedegebi:

sacdeli muSaobis periodSi gamarTldawinaswari varaudi.

weris kompetenciebis daufleba SesaZlebeli gaxda saswavlo gegmiT

gaTvaliswinebuli saaTebis farglebSi, programuli masalis

Seswavlisas raime damatebiTi datvirTva saWiro ar gamxdara.

weris kompetenciebis dauflebisa da gamoyenebisaTvis gamosadegia

saswavlo miznis Sesabamisad SerCeuli weris strategiebi, aqtivobebi,

Sefasebis formebi.

weris kompetenciebis gamoyeneba amaRlebs integrirebuli swavlebis

efeqturobas, rac gamoixata SemdegSi: SeZenili codna gamoyenebul

iqna axali codnis misaRebad, amaRlda moswavleTa aqtiurobis done

saswavlo procesSi, xeli Seewyo motivaciis, interesis gazrdas,

SesaZleblobebis srulad gamovlenas, miviReT swavlis ukeTesi

Sedegi, Semcirda davalebis SesrulebisaTvis daxarjuli dro,

rogorc saswavlo procesSi, aseve saxlSi damoukidebeli muSaobisas.

winaswari varaudisagan gansxvavebiT miviReT axali Sedegi:

weris kompetenciebi sasargeblo aRmoCnda sxva sagnebisTvis maT mier

dasaxuli saswavlo miznis misaRwevad.

sacdel muSaobaSi gakveTilis modelebis gamoyenebam xeli Seuwyo

saswavlo procesis organizaciis xarisxis amaRlebas mkafio da

naTeli gaxada Catarebuli saqmianobis msvleloba, gzamkvlevi

aRmoCnda gamocdilebis gasaziareblad.

gTavazobT gamocdilebiT Semowmebul gakveTilis modelebs:

I. weris kompetenciis daufleba sagakveTilo procesSi

gakveTilis modeli #1

sagani - qarTuli ena da literatura

swavlebis safexuri - sabazo _ IX kl.

149

gakveTilis mTavari Tema _ sxvadasxva tipis werilobiTi teqstis

Seqmna: Txroba, aRwera, msjeloba.

gakveTilis miznebi da misaRwevi Sedegebi _ kompetenciis

werilobiTi teqstis tipisa da stilis SerCeva miznisa da auditoriis

gaTvaliswinebiT miRweva; kompetenciis miRwevis maxasiaTeblebi:

werilobiTi teqstis tipebis garCeva; weris strategiebis SerCeva da

gamoyeneba; teqstis ZiriTadi problebis mimarT sakuTari

damokidebulebis werilobiT Camoyalibeba da wakiTxva, auditoriis

msjelobaSi gamowvevisaTvis sakiTxis SerCeva, kiTxvebza pasuxis

kultura; jgufSi azris gamoxatva da argumentirebulad dasabuTeba.

gakveTilis msvleloba/saklaso menejmenti:

gamowveva _ gonebrivi ieriSis meTodis gamoyenebiT SevadginoT sqema:

`WeSmariti mamuliSvilis gamorCeuli Tvisebebi”.

moswavleebi winaswar gacnobilni arian wyaroebs: S. niSnianiZis

,,cotne dadiani” da ,,balada profesor Jordanias gmirobaze”, g. asaTiani

,,ilias Rvawli”, g. lomTaTiZe ,,qarTuli kulturis mematiane _ eqvTime

TayaiSvili”.

zneobis gakveTilebi _ naTliT mosil winaparTa gmirobis

magaliTebi _ 5 wT.

jgufuri muSaoba

weriTi davaleba jgufebisaTvis _ 15 wT.

teqstis Seqmna moswavleTa mier arCeul Temaze:

,,erTxel, Turme...” _ Txroba;

,,Strixebi portretisaTvis” _ aRwera;

,,Cvens cuds ar malavs, es xom cxadi siZulvilia!” _ msjeloba.

instruqtaJi: maswavleblis daxmarebiT moswavleebi venis diagramis

gamoyenebiT gansazRvraven _ TxrobiTi, aRweriTi da msjelobiTi

teqstebis saerTo da ganmasxvavebel maxasiaTeblebs:

Txrobas aqvs dasawyisi, Sua _ ZiriTadi _ nawili (kvanZis Sekvra,

moqmedebis ganviTareba, kulminacia, kvanZis gaxsna) da dasasruli;

Txrobisas wina planze wamoweulia moqmedebaTa Tanamimdevroba, siuJetis

ganviTareba. movlena mosdevs movlenas da xSirad erTmaneTs

ganapirobebs; mTxrobeli SeiZleba iyos I an III piri; wamyvani roli

150

TxrobaSi ekuTvnis zmnebs, gansakuTrebiT _ warsuli drois, sruli

aspeqtis formebs.

aRwerisaTvis unda SeirCes Sesaferisi enobrivi saSualebebi:

gansazRvrebebi, Sedarebebi, epiTetebi, metaforebi; aRwera warmoaCens

avtoris damokidebulebas movlenebisa da sagnebisadmi; aRwerisas

mniSvnelovania sworad SeirCes aRsaweri obieqtis mTavari

maxasiaTeblebi;

msjelobisaTvis mTavaria sagnebsa da movlenebs Soris arsebuli

kavSiris gamoxatva; msjeloba Sedgeba sami nawilisagan: Tezisi _

mosazreba, romelic moiTxovs dadasturebas an uaryofas; dasabuTeba-

damtkiceba _ argumentebi, magaliTebi gamoTqmuli Tezisis

dasamtkiceblad an uarsayofad; daskvna _ msjelobis Sedegi. msjelobiTi

saxis teqstisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia vrceli da rTuli winadadebebi,

abstraqtuli saxelebis siuxve.

prezentacia _18 wT.

prezentatori moswavleebi warmoadgenen jgufis namuSevars,

pasuxoben auditoriis SekiTxvebs.

Sefaseba _ 7 wT

moswavleebi afaseben erTmaneTs naweris winaswar gansazRvruli

kriteriumebiT.

1. weriTi davaleba

Kkriteriumebi qula

miznis Sesatyvisi werilobiTi formisa da stilis SerCeva 0 _ 1

auditoriis Semadgenlobis gaTvaliswineba 0 _ 1

azris Tanmimdevrulad Camoyalibeba 0 _ 1

auditoriis msjelobaSi gamowvevisaTvis sakiTxis

efeqturad SerCeva 0 _ 1

SemoqmedebiTi unaris gamovlena 0 _ 1

problemis gadaWris originaluri versiebis SemoTavazeba 0 _ 1

werilobiTi teqstis struqtursa da enobrivi normebis

dacva 0 _ 1

informaciis floba, faqtobrivi sizuste 0 _ 1

sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatva da dasabuTeba 0 _ 1

151

2. weris procesSi CarTuloba

kriteriumebi qula

weris procesis mimarT aqvs negatiuri damokidebuleba

ubralod mayurebelia 0 - 1

weris procesSi monawileobisaTvis ar aris mzad 2 – 4

weriT davalebas asrulebs met-naklebi mondomebiT 5 - 6

usmens gjufis wevrebis mosazrebas, gamoTqvams Tavis

varauds, monawileobs weris procesSi 7 - 8

koreqtulia, msjelobs argumentirebulad, aqtiuradaa

CarTuli gundur weraSi 9 - 10

saSinao davaleba individualuri muSaobisTvis.

SearCie roli (Tamar mefe, giorgi saakaZe, ioTam zedginiZe, mefe

dimitri Tavdadebuli, rigiTi qarTveli), formati (werili, dRiuri,

mimarTva) da Seqmeni teqsti auditoriisaTvis XII, XIX saukunis

Tanamedrove saqarTvelo.

saswavlo resursebi – saxelmZRvanelo, biblioTeka, interneti

gakveTilis modeli #2

gakveTilis mTavari Tema _ prezentaciisTvis moxsenebis momzadeba

sagnis dasaxeleba - qarTuli ena da literatura

swavlebis safexuri - saSualo _ XII kl.

gakveTilis miznebi _ miRweva weris kompetenciisa–prezentaciisTvis

moxsenebis momzadeba; kompetenciis miRwevis maxasiaTeblebi: problemis

SerCeva da gaazreba. monacemebis moZieba, daxarisxeba, gamoyeneba;

sakuTari an sxvis mier miRebuli Sedegebis analizi; informaciis

gadacemis Sesaferisi saSualebebis SerCeva auditoriisa da sakiTxis

gaTvaliswinebiT; werilobiT sakuTari azrisa da grZnobebis gamoxatva;

kritikuli Tvalsazrisis gamoTqma da dasabuTeba; kiTxvebze pasuxis

gacemisa da sxvisi SeniSvnis, azris mosmenis kulturis dacva.

Sedegi _ weris miTiTebuli kompetenciis miRweviT moswavle SeZlebs

saprezentacio moxsenebis daweras saTanado moculobiT.

winaswari codna – moswavlesSeuZlia Canawerebs ZiriTadi ideebisa

da informaciebis sxvadasxva kriteriumis mixedviT saxarisxeba da

152

TanamimdevrobiT dalageba; icis Sesabamisi enobriv-gramatikuli

saSualebebis gamoyenebis wesebs, werilobiT teqstSi warmoadgens

sxvadasxva xasiaTis masalas: informacia, komentari, prognozi, varaudi,

eWvi.

gakveTilis msvleloba / aqtivobebi: (jgufuri, individualuri

muSaoba, komentaris, recenziis gakeTeba,)

provocireba:

gonebrivi ieriSi ra asociacias iwvevs TqvenSi sityva `moxseneba”?

dialogi: ra aris `moxseneba” da risTvis gvWirdeba misi momzadeba.

Sinaarsis realizeba:

davaleba individualuri muSaobisaTvis:

gamoiyeneT meTodi ,,sakuTari TavisTvis wera”:gaixseneT sakuTari

gamocdileba, prezentaciasTan dakavSirebuli sirTuleebi, gancdebi,

daakonkreteT Tqveni Sexedulebebi. instruqtaJi: gaxsovdeT, Tqveni naweri

ar gaswordeba da SegiZliaT Tamamad weroT imaze, razec fiqrobT da

msjelobT. naweri waakiTxeT im pirovnebas, visac endobiT. dro _ (5 wT.)

davalebebi jgufuri muSaobisaTvis (erT-erTis arCeviT)_ (5 wT.)

davaleba 1. _ amoiwereT informacia saxelmZRvaneloSi warmodgenili

Cveni epoqis gamoCenili italieli mwerlisa da mecnieris, umberto ekos

mosazrebebidan ,,rogor vweroT saprezentacio moxseneba”, gamoiyeneT

weris strategia: T diagrama (ra vicodi, ra gavige).

davaleba 2. _ werilobiT CamoayalibeT sakuTari mosazrebebi,

imsjeleT avtoris, teqstisa da msmenelis urTierTmimarTebis Sesaxeb

(dakavSirebulia Tu ara garkveul sirTuleebTan gansxvavebuli Temis

moxsenebebis aRqma, ratom?; rogori teqstebis mosmena mogwonT; ra

adgili uWiravs moxsenebas Tqvens ganaTlebaSi. momxseneblis roli ufro

mogwonT Tu msmenelis? rodis SegecodebaT msmeneli? momxsenebeli?

prezentacia _ 10 wT.

prezentatori moswavleebi warmoadgenen jgufis namuSevars,

msmenelebi gamoxataven sakuTar damokidebulebas.

davaleba jgufuri muSaobisaTvis

,,munji” gonebrivi ieriSi (breinraiTingi) _ CamowereT prezentaciis

mTavari maxasiaTeblebi:ideebi CamowereT furcelze da gadaeciT jgufis

153

sxva monawiles cvlilebebis Sesatanad. _ 2 wT.

prezentacia _ 3 wT.

TiToeuli jgufi warmoadgens Tavis namuSevars. (savaraudo pasuxebi:

informacia, komunikacia, Semecneba, esTetika, siaxleebi, mimzidveloba,

daintereseba da a. S.)

davaleba individualuri muSaobisaTvis

werilobiT CamoayalibeT mokle daskvna prezentaciis Sesaxeb

Camowerili kriteriumebisa da klasSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebis

gaanalizebiT_ (10wT.)

prezentacia _ 3 wT.

ramdenime moswavle waradgens sakuTar daskvnebs, lakonurad

Camoyalibebul Tezisebs da sakuTari mosazrebis gasamyareblad mohyavs

argumentebi.

Sefaseba _ (5 wT.)

I. maswavlebeli afasebs winaswar SerCeuli kriteriumebiT: azrebis

Tanmimdevrulad da logikurad gadmocema; sakuTari naazrevis

furcelze Tavisuflad, sxartad da swrafad gadatana; calkeul

wyaroebSi gaSuqebuli sakiTxebis gadmocema, citireba; avtorTa

debulebebis gaanalizeba-Sefaseba, interpretacia; gamoTqmuli

mosazrebebis SejerebiT zogadi daskvnis Camoyalibeba; werilobiTi

teqstis struqturis da enobrivi normebis dacva, msmenelTa

reaqciis gaTvaliswineba, kiTxvebze pasuxis gacema, SeniSvnebis,

mosazrebis mosmena.

II. TanaSefaseba _ bavSvebi afaseben da aanalizeben erTmaneTis

daskvnebs da gamoyofen maTi azriT yvelaze zust da lakonur

formulirebebs, romelTac erT-erTi moswavle wers dafaze. cxadia,

formulirebebis raodenoba ar aris mkacrad gansazRvruli.

III. moswavlis TviTSefasebis sqema:

saxeli, gvari ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TariRi -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

auditoria ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

moxsenebis saTauri ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

moxsenebis mizani/sagani --------------------------------------------------------------------------

154

ra gavakeTe ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ra viswavle ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

rogor da riT SemiZlia gavaumjobeso Cemi moxseneba ------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

maswavleblis SeniSvnebi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

davaleba Sin damoukideblad Sesaruleblad _ dawereT

saprezentacio moxseneba:

1. ZiriTadi ideebi rezo yaralaSvilis teqstisa,_ ,,mxatvruli

nawarmoebis aRqma”; 2. literaturuli komunikaciis (teqsti-mkiTxveli)

ZiriTadi faqtorebi;

3. mxatvruli sistemis dekodirebis principebi da maTi gamoyeneba

literaturuli nawarmoebis analizisas;

4. goeTes ,,sami saxis mkiTxvelis” Teoria.

saswavlo masala da teqnikuri resursebi – saxelmZRvanelo,

kompiuteruli teqnika, furclebi, dafa, carci.

modeli #3

weris integrirebuli gakveTili-eqskursiis miznebis gansazRvra

sagani gansaxorcielebeli

RonisZieba

weris zogadi kompetenciebis

dakvirvebis Sedegebis CaniSvna,

Canawerebisa da monaxazebis gakeTeba,

gansaviTareblad dagegmili

aqtivobebi

1. qarTuli ena

da

literatura

literaturuli

Teatri _ ,,cixe-

taZrebi cad

asulan locva-

vedrebad”

monaxazis gakeTeba scenarisaTvis;

scenaris Seqmna

2. istoria

informacia-

istoriuli

wyaroebi sxalTis

eklesiis Sesaxeb

CaniSvnebis gakeTeba saswavlo

referatis dasawerad

155

3. xelovneba

sakuTari

namuSevrebis

gamofena ,,sxalTis

ezodan danaxuli

samyaro”

monaxazis gakeTeba, fotogamofenis

mowyoba

4. geografia

geografiuli

garemo - sxalTis

aRwera

dakvirvebis Sedegebis Cawera -

`miwisZvris Semdeg...”

5.

informaciul-

sakomunikacio

teqnologiebi

filmis Seqmna;

videoklipi

Canawerebis gakeTeba

videoklipisTvis; -,,RimiliT

mosagonari epizodebi-eqskursiis

STabeWdilebebi

modeli #4

moswavleTa mier Sesrulebuli proeqti

proeqtis saxelwodeba _ ,,iliaoba” (saiubileo dRis organizeba-

modelireba)

skolis saxelwodeba _ baTumis #21 sajaro skola

miznobrivi jgufi: X klasis moswavleebi

proeqtis xelmZRvaneli _ leila abaSiZe

proeqtSi monawile moswavleebi: inga gabaiZe, baCana abaSiZe, donari

beriZe, daviT balaZe, nazibrola beriZe, Teona gogolaZe, Teona

xmalaZe.

problemis identifikacia

dRes gansakuTrebiT sWirdeba Cvens samSoblos gmirobis, WeSmariti

mamuliSvilobis, maRali zneobis gamoxatva TiToeuli Svilisagan.

cxovreba da Semoqmedeba ilia WavWavaZisa zneobrivi sisrulis, uangaro

patriotizmisa da sasiqadulo mamuliSvilobis ubadlo magaliTia.

wminda ilia marTlis mcnebebi sulis sazrdoa TaobebisTvis. ilia

WeSmaritebisken maval gzas gvikvalavs da swori arCevanis gakeTebas

gviadvilebs.

saswavlo procesze dakvirvebam aCvena, rom moswavleebs sustad aqvT

ganviTarebuli samuSaos dagegmvis, gunduri muSaobis, TanamSromlobis,

problemis dasmisa da gadaWris unarebi.

konsultaciisTvis mivmarTavT:

156

qarTuli enisa da literaturis maswavlebel xaTuna xalvaSs;

istoriis maswavlebel TamTa tuRuSs;

musikis maswavlebel Teona abulaZes;

xelovnebis maswavlebel nino jorbenaZes.

mizani

saiubileo dRis, zeimis organizeba;

erovnuli Rirebulebebis dafasebis, TviTrealizaciis, gadawyvetilebis

miRebis, iniciativis aRebis, gunduri muSaobis, kvlevis, sakomunikacio

unarebis, aqtiuri monawileobisa da pasuxismgeblobis ganviTareba

piradi da sazogadoebrivi interesebis SeTanxmeba

a mocanebi

ilias Rvawlis warmoCena;

proeqtebis momzadeba da maTi prezentacia;

informaciis moZieba da miwodeba;

referatebis momzadeba;

literaturuli Teatri _ inscenireba, mxatvruli kiTxva.

Sefaseba

gansaxorcielebeli RonisZi ebebi

sainformacio samsaxuri: radoitalRa; kedlis gazeTis gamoSveba.

saCvenebeli gakveTili;

konferencia;

literaturuli saloni;

mosalodneli Sedegebi

moswavle gaacnobierebs ilias Rvawls, gaisigrZeganebs mis Segonebebs;

iswavlis erovnuli Rirebulebebis dafasebas, ganuviTardeba kvlevis,

gunduri muSaobis, gadawyvetilebis miRebis, iniciativis aRebis,

sakomunikacio unarebi; ecdeba SeaTanxmos piradi interesebi

sazogadoebrivTan.

mon itoringi ganxorcieldeba orjer: muSaobis pirvel periodSi da

muSaobis bolos: sawyisi viTarebis analizi; Sedegebis analizi.

Sefaseba _ TviTSefaseba; proeqtis xelmZRvanelis Sefaseba;

maswavleblis Sefaseba; saboloo Sefaseba

157

samwuxarod, ar arsebobs swavlisadmi mizanswrafuli

damokidebulebis ganmaviTarebeli jadosnuri recepti, Tumca proeqti am

kompetenciis miRwevis erT-erTi efeqturi saSualebaa. moswavleTa

interesi swavlisadmi miT ufro didia, rac ufro srulyofiladaa

organizebuli saswavlo kursi.

modeli #5

zneobriv problemebze wera

Tema - `Rirseba”

weris dawyebamde: diskusia, problemidan gamosavlis moZebna,

zneobrivi upiratesobebis Cveneba.

Rirsebis kacis, SesaniSnavi mwerlis – revaz inaniSvilis spetaki

sityviT izrdebian Taobebi. misi moTxrobebi adamianurobas gviqadagebs,

adamianis siyvaruliTaa savse, wminda marcvals Tesavs ymawvilkacobis

sulSi.

fokusirebuli SekiTxvebi: ratom aris Rirsebis grZnoba

mniSvnelovani? rogoria adamianuri sawyisi, ,,keTili“, ,,boroti“ Tu orive

erTad?

sadiskusio Temebi (r. inaniSvilis moTxrobebis mixedviT): Rirsebis

dacvis problema; gamarTlebadi tyuili; uneblie boroteba; lamazi

cremlebi; madliereba;

kenWisyris Sedegad SerCeuli Tema _ ,,Rirsebis dacvis problema“

diskusiis problemebi: erTisTvis Rirseba Tavganwirvis sagania,

sxvisTvis ki – mqirdavi Rimilis momgvreli; sxvisi Rirsebis dacva unda

niSnavdes sakuTari Rirsebis dacvasac; Rirseba da uRirsoba yovelTvis

ganirCeva;

gamosavali problemebidan: mankierebaTa mxileba da gamaTraxeba;

swori aRzrda; sazogadoebis TviTSegnebis amaRleba;

gamosavalTa upiratesobebi: mware wamali – simarTle sazogadoebas

gankurnavs uRirsobisagan; adamiani sxvis Rirsebas aRar xelyofs; sxvisi

Rirsebis dacva sakuTar movaleobad CaiTvleba;

Tvalsazrisi (wera)_ ,,ra upiratesoba aqvs Rirseul adamians

uRirsTan SedarebiT“

158

mosalodneli Sedegi: Rirsebis pirovnuli gancdis sworad Sefaseba,

daskvna imisa, rom igi yvela uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa wyaroa.

literaturuli Tu realuri samyaros Rirseulma adamianebma unda misces

sulieri sagzali axalgazrda Taobas.

Tema - ,,sindisi“

(kvleva; diskusia; teqstis markireba; ese)

wyaroebi _ literaturuli paralelebi: vaJa–fSavela _ ,,sindisi“,

,,mgeli“; m. javaxiSvili _ ,,ori ganaCeni“; n. lorTqifaniZe _ ,,sanaxavaT“; v.

barnovi _ ,,aRdgomis codva“.

weris dawyebamde _ kiTxvebi dialogisaTvis: rodis grZnobs adamiani

sindisis qenjnas? ratom ganamtkica RmerTma adamianSi miukerZoebeli

msajuli sindisi? ras niSnavs sindisis dacva? ra saSualebebiT

asusteben adamianebi sindisis xmas? Seswavlili masala ras matebs

Tqvens saqmianobas? saqciels?

sadiskusio Temebi: ,,sindisis mniSvneloba klebulobs kacobriobis

cxovrebaSi“; ,,adamianis midrekilebaa gaerTos borotebiT“.

eseebi: ,,ras niSnavs sindisi CemTvis“; ,,ramdenad SeuZlia adamians

sakuTar bunebasTan dapirispireba“; ,,ramdenad SeuZlia sindiss adamianis

dasja“; ,,monanieba, miteveba, Serigeba Cveni sazogadoebis cxovrebaSi“.

mosalodneli Sedegi: moswavle gaacnobierebs, rom ,,adamians

sikeTisa da borotebis garCevis bunebrivi unari aqvs _ sircxvilis

grZnoba, romlis ganviTarebis Sedegia sindisi – zneobrivi TviTSefaseba

azrovnebis sferoSi moqceuli“ (vl. soloviovi); sindisi – mkveTri

zRvari Cems sikeTesa da borotebas Soris (gabriel episkoposi). RmerTma

imiTac aCvena Tavisi siyvaruli kacTa modgmisadmi, rom yovel CvenganSi

ganamtkica sindisi. RvTis mimarT sindisis dacva gvavalebs ar

miviTvisoT napovni, ar vecadoT sxvisis dasakuTrebas. mSvidoba maSin

aqvs kacsa, rodesac mas sakuTari Wkua da sindisi araferSi ar

amtyunebs da ar arcxvens.

Segoneba _ ,,odes dabada RmerTma kaci, dasTesa mis Soris wminda

raime gulis sityva mxurvale da ganaTlebuli, msgavsi nakvercxalisa,

romeli gananaTlebs gonebasa da uCvenebs borotsa keTilisagan _

amisaTvis ewodebis sindisi”. (wminda mama abba doroTes mixedviT).

159

,,borotebas borotebiT ver gankurnav“

(referati; RAFT; Txzuleba; ese; ,,saavtoro savarZeli“)

literaturuli paralelebi: guram gegeSiZe – ,,SurisZieba“; mixeil

javaxiSvili – ,,eSmakis qva“; ilia WavWavaZe – ,,saxrCobelazed“, ,,nikoloz

gostaSabiSvili“;

Segonebani (anton didis mixedviT):

,,vebrZoloT xolme sakuTar Tavs, raTa mrisxanebam ar imZlavros

Cvens sulSi“;

,,saWiroa ar ganurisxde aravis, aramed yvelas Seunde Secodebani“;

rezolucia debatebisaTvis: ,,sulgrZelobiTa Zleva sjobs“.

referati: ,,borotebas sikeTiT uwamleb mxolod”

RAFT– roli: reziko (,,SurisZieba“), sofio (,,eSmakis qva“), petre

(,,saxrCobelazed“), nikolozi (,,nikoloz gostaSabiSvili“); auditoria:

Tanamedrove axalgazrdoba; formati: werili; Tema: ,,borotebas

borotebiT ver gankurnav, borotebas sikeTiT uwamleb mxolod“(basili

didi).

eseebi: ,,Cemi azri SurisZiebis Sesaxeb’, ,,humanizmis Zala da

uZlureba“, ,,agresiis gamovlinebebi Cvens realobaSi“; ,,adamianTa

gulgriloba“; ,,ram SeiZleba moaxdinos adamianze sasikeTo zegavlena“;

,,sibraluli da Seubralebloba adamianTa cxovrebaSi“.

Sesrulebuli weriTi namuSevrebis prezentacia

modeli #6

gakveTilis mTavari Tema _ rogor iwereba avtobiografia

sagnis dasaxeleba - qarTuli ena da literatura

swavlebis safexuri - sabazo _ IX kl.

gakveTilis miznebi da misaRwevi Sedegebi _ weris kulturis

amaRleba; konkretuli miznis Sesabamisi werilobiTi teqstis Seqmnis

unaris Camoyalibeba; saTanado sintaqsuri konstruqciebis, leqsikis,

terminebisa da frazebis, enobrivi formulebis gamoyeneba; sasurveli

Tanamimdevrobis marTebulad asaxva; avtobiografiis sxvadasxvagvari

formiT wera.

winaswari codna - weris dawyebamde miznisa da auditoriis

160

gansazRvra; TxrobiTi xasiaTis teqstebis wera;werilobiTi teqstis

organizaciis wesebisa da enobrivi normebis dacva; weris stilis cvla.

gakveTilis msvleloba/saklaso menejmenti:

provocireba

davaleba 1. ganmarteT mniSvneloba sityvebisa _ biografia,

avtobiografia. moiZieT leqsikonSi es sityvebi. SeadareT _ Tqveneuli

ganmarteba leqsikonisas. – 3 wT.

Sinaarsis realizeba

davaleba 1. SeqmeniTasociaciuri ruka: , ,ra vici ilia WavWavaZis

biografiis Sesaxeb” _ furclis SuaSi dawereT ,,ilia” da mis garSemo

rgolebSi ganaTavseT yvela is epizodi mwerlis cxovrebidan, rac

TqvenTvis cnobilia - 12 wT.

davaleba 2. gaecaniT saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemul avtobiografias,

romelic iliam enciklopediuri leqsikonisaTvis dawera, da Temis

irgvliv ganTavsebuli rgolebi daakavSireT erTmaneTTan isrebiT im

TanmimdevrobiT, rogorc ilias avtobiografiaSia.

davaleba 3. jgufebisaTvis: _ 15 wT.

1. dawereT sakuTari avtobiografia. daicavi Semdegi

rekomendaciebi: jer aRwere: rodis da sad daibade; vin arian Seni

mSoblebi da rogor monawileobdnen Sens aRzrdaSi; Semdeg aRwere,

rodis da rogor migiyvanes sabavSvo baRSi (Tuki iq dadiodi) da vin iyo

Seni aRmzrdeli; rodis Sexvedi skolaSi, vin iyo Seni pirveli

maswavlebeli; aRwere, rogori atmosfero iyo gamefebuli dawyebiT

klasebSi; dasasruls, romel wlebSi swavlobdi sabazo skolaSi (VII-IX

klasebi) da oriode sityviT gadmoeci im maswavleblebis Sesaxeb,

romlebic giyvarda.

2. dawereT CV SemoTavazebuli nimuSis mixedviT da Semdegi

rekomendaciebis gaTvaliswinebiT:

instruqtaJi: CV avtobiografiis specifikuri variantia da igi unda

iyos lakonuri, araTxrobiTi stilis mqone, struqturulad gamarTuli

dokumenti. rekomendebulia erTeulebis qronologiuri ukusvliT

Camowera; universaluri wesebi ar arsebobs, Tumca konvenciuli formebis

gamokveTa SeiZleba, gamomdinare CV-s struqturis erTeulebis

161

prioritetulobidan: piradi, ZiriTadi informacia (saxeli, dabadebis

TariRi, ojaxuri mdgomareoba, misamarTi, telefoni, el-fosta,

moqalaqeoba da a. S., ); ganaTleba; warmatebebi, gamocdileba; enebis

floba; kompiuteruli programebis codna; inteleqtualur-SemoqmedebiTi,

sazogadoebrivi aqtivizmi; hobi, gataceba, sayvareli saqme.

davaleba 4. gaixseneT ilia WavWavaZis Seswavlili nawarmoebebi,

daakavSireT igi mwerlis biografiasTan, gaakeTeT daskvnebi da

moamzadeT naweri auditoriisTvis gasacnobad.

,,saavtoro savarZelze” moviwvieT moswavle (orive variantis

warmomadgenlebi) da vTxoveT warmoadgina naSromi auditoriis winaSe. _

7 wT.

Tanaklaselebma Seafases erTmaneTis naSromi sqemis mixedviT _ 2 wT.

kriteriumebi qulebi pirobasTan saTanadooba icavs sityvebis raodenobis qveda zRvars (informaciis sakmarisoba)

0 - 1

icavs pirobis Sinaarsobriv moTxovnebs, iyenebs miTiTebul konstruqcias

0 - 2

mizanTan Sesabamisoba sworad gansazRvravs mizans 0 - 2 komunikaciuri unar-Cvevebi gasagebad da Tanamimdevrulad gadmoscems informaciebs, azustebs, rodis ra moxda

0 - 2

enobrivi unar-Cvevebi iyenebs naswavl gramatikul konstruqciebs, formebs 0 - 1 iyenebs am formatis \ auditoriis Sesabamis leqsikas 0 - 1 organizaciuli mxare garkveuli xelweraa (kaligrafia), manZili sityvebs Soris da mindvrebi daculia

0 - 1

qulaTa maqsimaluri raodenobaa 10

saswavlo masala da teqnikuri resursebi – saxelmZRvanelo,

kompiuteruli teqnika, furclebi, dafa, carci.

modeli @#7

wera _ Temis Sejameba gakveTilze

sagani: qarTuli literatura

klasi: XII

gakveTilis Tema _ qali da mamakaci

162

wyaroebi: aron gureviCi _ ,,erosi da kultura”;

Tamaz natroSvili _ ,,mdinareni ver warRvnian”

fransua viioni _ ,,orkeci balada”;

andre morua _ ,,werilebi ucnob qals”;

tariel Wanturia _ ,,Sen unda cisfer RrubelTan iwve”;

goderZi Coxeli _ ,,cxra SekiTxva siyvarulis Sesaxeb”;

revaz inaniSvili _ ,,sami novela”;

ernest heminguei _ ,,TeTri spiloebis msgavsi mTebi”.

mizani: weris misaRwevi kompetencia – eses dawera. literaturuli

masalis dakavSireba, Tanamedrove cxovrebis aqtualur problemebTan;

erovnuli da zogadsakacobrio Rirebulebebis dafaseba; weris CarTva

sagakveTilo procesSi.

Sinaarsis realizeba _

2. weriTi davaleba _ argumentirebuli eseebi: (wyviluri) _ 12 wT

• siyvarulis nairsaxeoba;

• erosi da kultura;

• siyvaruli da Tavmoyvareoba;

• siyvarulis mosapoveblad yvela xerxi misaRebia?

• ,,Sen unda cisfer RrubelTan iwve”;

• tyuili da marTali: simarTle, romelic wyals amRvrevs.

• mezoblis cols xels nu axleb..

• qali _ nivTi, qali _ pirovneba;

• qorwineba _ siyvarulis dasawyisi Tu dasasruli?.

3. wyvilebis namuSevrebis prezentacia individualuri 10 wT

4. mini-diskusia_,,interpretaciebi” 5 wT

5. gamoCenili adamianebis sasiyvarulo werilebi_ adresatisa da

adresantis amocnoba (audioCanaweri, posteri) 4 wT

refleqsia _

6. weriTi davaleba - roli, auditoria,formati_,,gzavnili sayvarel

adamians” (individualuri) _ 5 wT

Sefaseba (individualuri) 2 wT

weriTi s/d _ ,,siyvarulis kodeqsi” (individualuri) 2 wT

resursebi saxelmZRvanelo, kompiuteruli teqnika, biblioTeka,

163

furclebi, dafa, carci

Sefaseba: prezentaciaze warmodgenili namuSevrebis Sesafaseblad

yvela msmenelma patara furcelze dawera is sami Tema, romelic yvelaze

metad moewona. vinc met qulas daagrovebda, is namuSevari iqneboda

aRiarebuli saukeTesod. adgilebi ase gaanawiles: I, II, III.

Sefasebis kriteriumebi iyo:

1. literaturuli wyaroebis codna da misi kritikuli

gamoyeneba nawerSi.;

2. sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatva;

3. enobrivi normebisa da gramatikuli wesebis dacva;

`siyvarulis kodeqsis” Sedgenili variantebi gadaecaT `eqpertebs”.

maT airCies ori saukeTeso.

`eqspertebis” Sefasebis kriteriumebi iyo:

1. zneobrivi mxare;

2. cxovrebaSi gamosadegianoba;

3. enobrivi normebis dacva.

modeli #8

klasis damrigeblisa da sagnis maswavleblebis erToblivi

klassaaTi - ,,saidan movdivar...”

mizani: weris zogadi kompetenciis ganviTareba _ ,,Tavisufali wera”;

winaprebis Rvawlis dafaseba, gaazreba imsa, Tu ,,vin varT da saidan

movdivarT”.

maswavleblis informacia: saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqma 2010

wlis agvistos qadagebaSi mouwoda yvelas, daeweraT winaprebis

mosaxsenebeli locva da CamoeweraT TavianTi winaprebi. yvela

mosaxsenebeli Segrovdeboda da gamoicemoda wignad. 5 seqtembris

qadagebaSi aRniSna, `samwuxarod, mravalma Cvenganma ar icis papisa da

bebiis iqiT, vin iyvnen winaprebi. zogma iolad gadawyvita sakiTxi,

ubralod, aiRo patara furceli da Camowera Tavisi winaprebis saxelebi.

es ar aris sakmarisi imisaTvis, rom ufalma isminos Cveni vedreba. jer

Cven unda ganviwmindoT da mere ufro ismens ufali Cvens vedrebas. ase

rom, SegiZliaT kidev erTxel scadoT da daweroT. Cemi azriT, es iqneba

164

sulieri Txzuleba, romelic krebulis saxiT, SesaZloa Semdeg calke

wignad gamovceT. es iqneba Cveni aRsarebac da mosaxseniebelic” (gazeTi

`sapatriarqos uwyebani” #29, gv, 3).

davaleba: SeqmeniT ,,Cemi fesvebis genialogiuri xe”

dialogi: ,,locvis madli”;

davaleba weriTi samuSaosTvis: ,,locva winaprebisTvis”. TiToeli

moswavle Tavis namuSevrs gamofens sakuTari surviliT `SemoqmedebiT

Tokze”. gaecnobian erTmaneTis namuSevrebs, gaimarTeba msjeloba:

`davfiqrdeT...” msjelobis Semdeg SeuZliaT xelaxla daweron locva,

gadaaTeTron, waikiTxon ojaxebSi da gadawyviton gaagzavnon Tu ara

patriarqTan Tavisi nawerebi.

modeli #9

gakveTilgareSe sawreo muSaoba _ Sexvedra literaturul salonSi

Tema: ,,Cemi galaktioni”

sagnobrivi

wre

gansaxorcielebeli

RonisZieba

weris kompetenciebis

dasaxvewad dagegmili

aqtivobebi

qarTuli ena

da

literatura

eleqtronuli wignis

mixedviT wyaroebis

gacnoba: galaktionis

saxl-muzeumi, mogonebebi

galaktionze, leqsebSi

asaxuli biografia

biografiuli etiudi

xelovneba

galaktionis Tema

qarTvel mxatvarTa

ferweraSi

emociuri werilobiTi

komentari: `roca galaktionis

suraTis win vdgavar”

informaciul-

sakomunikacio

teqnologiebi

eleqtronuli wignis

ganxilva

kadrebis dasaTaureba

klipisaTvis _ ,,Sexvedra

galaktionTan”

N

modeli #10

`qali Cems cxovrebaSi”

sagnobrivi

wre

gansaxorcielebeli

RonisZieba

weris kompetenciis -

,,gansazRvrul droSi wera”-

gansaviTareblad dagegmili

aqtivobebi

165

qarTuli ena

da

literatura

literaturuli kiTxva:

leqsebi, da werilebi

dedas, satrfos, cols,

zogadad qals.

Canaxatis Seqmna; werili

qals (SearCieT, vis gindaT

misweroT).

xelovneba

simRerebi qalze; dedis

saxe saxviTi xelovnebis

SedevrebSi

emociuri komentari _

mosmenili simRera;

naxatiT gamowveuli

STabeWdilebis werilobiT

gadmocema.

informaciul-

sakomunikacio

teqnologiebi

videokolaJi:

`saqarTvelos lamazebo”

videokolaJis kadrebis

dasaTaureba, komentireba;

afiSis dawera: `Cemi klasis

qalebi”

modeli #11

recenzireba

klasi XI

sagani qarTuli ena da literatura

gakveTilis mizani: weriTi namuSevris Sefaseba recenziiT.

gakveTilis msvleloba: moswavleebi warmoadgenen moxsenebas,

leqsebis krebuls, Canaxatebs, romelic moamzades saSinao davalebad.

dro mocemuli hqondaT 10 dRe. maT mierve SerCeuli `oponentebi”

winaswar ecnobian namuSevrebs da weren recenzias.

moxsenebis wakiTxvis Semdeg ori `oponenti” kiTxulobs maT mier

daweril recenzias.

msmenelTa SekiTxvebs pasuxoben momxseneblebica da oponentebic.

SerCeuli `eqspertebi” afaseben moxsenebasa da recenzias kriteriumebiT.

(kriteriumebi winaswar aris gansazRvruli da icnoben moswavleebi).

recenzirebis nimuSi piradi praqtikidan:

baTumis #21 sajaro skolis X klasis moswavle baCana abaSiZis mier

momzadebul leqsze ,,pirveli aRsareba”.

nawyvetebi leqsidan: aRsareba patriarqTan

es aris Cemi pirveli aRsareba, moZRvaro, Seminde, rom furclidan

giyvebi. axla Sorsa xar Cemgan, mamao, da ver mogawvdine Cemi sityvebi. me damiCagravs Cemze sustebi,

me momiparavs borotis karnaxiT, magram yoveli Secodebis Semdeg _ midi, inaneo, _ raRac CamZaxis... ...tyuili miTqvams mSoblebisaTvis, Cemi mizeziT tiroda deda, im wuTas mZulda me Tavi Cemi,

166

mzes mibnelebda brazi da sevda. Cemsas vamtkicebdi binZuri sityvebiT, roca mtkicebas aravin mTxovda, roca saWiro iyo mSvidoba, Cems gulSi codvis fanteli Tovda. gaumaZRari viyavi yovlad, me ar mesmoda nazi galoba...

axlac ara var me Rirsi, magram minda viTxovo Sengan wyaloba. me momiteve codvebi Cemi. ase cxovreba ar SemiZlia. mixsen wiTeli klanWebisagan, gadamarCine, dido ilia.

warmodgenil leqsSi gamokveTilia avtoris ZiriTadi saTqmeli.

kontrastul ferebSi aRiqvams garemomcvel sinamdviles da originaluri

formiT gamoxatavs Tavis sulier miswrafebebsa da gancdebs, fiqrebs

sikeTesa da saTnoebaze. marTalia, baCanas poeturi palitra dasaxvewia,

magram didi emociebiT datvirTuli misi leqsi Tavisufalia yovelgvari

poziorobisgan, avtori uSualoa da gulwrfeli, misi Tvalsawieri ufro

farToa, vidre es erTi SexedviT Cans. erTi ram udavoa, baCana abaSiZes

ukve aqvs arCeuli sikeTiTa da borotebiT aRsavse ama soflis Secnobis

sakuTari gza.

X klasis moswavle baCana abaSiZis mier momzadebul leqsebis

krebulze ,,pirveli aRsareba” ganxiluli da mowonebulia saskolo

SemoqmedebiT konferenciaze. rekomendacia mieca saqalaqo SemoqmedebiT

konferenciaze warsadgenad.

sacdeli saqmianobis dasasruls CavatareT kvleva, romlis mizani

iyo: integrirebul saswavlo procesSi (gakveTili, sawreo muSaoba,

klasis saaTi) weris zogadi kompetenciebis miRwevisa da miRweuli donis

ganviTarebis Sedegebis Sefaseba

kvlevis meTodi – saubari.

kvlevis monawileni: baTumis #21sajaro skolis maswavleblebi (25),

moswavleebi (90).

kvlevis procedura: konkretuli pasuxis misaRebad gaviTvaliswineT

kiTxvebi:

ra gansxvavebaa weriTi samuSaos aqamde Sesrulebul da sacdeli

muSaobis periodSi ganxorcielebul saqmianobas Soris?

ra aris sacdel muSaobaSi TqvenTvis misaRebi? miuRebeli?

ra winadadebebi geqnebaT?

ramdenad sasargeblod migaCniaT modeli gakveTilis dagegmvis

(scenaris) Sesadgenad?

167

SevqmeniT garemo gulaxdili saubrisaTvis.

kvlevis Sedegebis mixedviT: aqamdeSesrulebul da sacdel

muSaobaSi gansxvavebas xedaven; mkafiod gamoikveTeba weriT misaRwevi

Sedegebi da ara ,,wera werisTvis” an „wera qulebisTvis”; weriTi

davalebis Sesasruleblad mieTiTeba forma da strategia.

weriTi davalebis Sesruleba moswavleebisTvis iyo saintereso,

motivirebuli, TiTqmis yvelas hqonda daweris survili. misaRebi

aRmoCnda moswavlisaTvis imis gacnoba, rom, Tu wers, romel kompetencias

iyenebs, eufleba, ganaviTarebs miRweuli erTi kompetenciiTsxvadasxva

saganSi davalebis Sesrulebisas.

modelebi gakveTilisTvis sasargebloa, radgan xeli Seewyo axali

gakveTilisTvis momzadebis process. modelebisagan Seqmnes

`maswavleblis portfolio”.

SemoTavazebul winadadebebSi gamoikveTa survili, rom instruqtaJi

asaxuliyo modelSi.es winadadeba misaRebia, magram, radgan strategiebs

da kompetenciebs calke paragrafebSi ganvixilavT, aq aRar Cagviweria.

sacdeli muSaobiT miRweul iqna evropaSi saganmanaTleblo

struqturebis urTierTobisaTvis proeqt ,,Tuningis” SedegebiT

maswavleblis ganaTlebisa da ganaTlebis mecnierebebis kvlevebisaTvis

gaTvaliswinebuli

a) sakvanZo dargobrivi kompetenciebi:

mravalferovan konteqstSi saganmanaTleblo problemebis erToblivi

gadawyveta;

originaluri kvlevis ganxorcielebis SesaZlebloba;

ganaTlebis sferoSi da an skolis pedagogikaSi originaluri da

sabolood gamoqveynebuli kvlevis SesaZleblobis demonstrirebis

unari.

b) sakvanZo zogadi kompetenciebi:

axali codnis Seqmna da interpretireba originaluri kvlevis an

sxva samecniero miRwevis meSveobiT, romelTa xarisxi erovnul an

saerTaSoriso doneze akmayofilebs kolegebis mxridan ganxilvas;

axali unarebis, teqnikis, instrumentebis (meTodebis), praqtikuli

saqmianobisa da masalebis ganviTareba.

168

kvlevisa da inovaciebis Sedegebis Sesaxeb komunikacia kolegebTan.

integrirebuli gakveTili gamoirCeva tradiciulisagan saganTaSoris

kavSiris gamoyenebiT, gakveTilSi sxva sagnebis masalis epizoduri

CarTviT. integrirebuli swavlebis struqtura Seicavs: saswavlo masalis

simkveTresa da kompaqturobas; integrirebuli sagnebis masalis

urTierTkavSirs; saswavlo masalis did informatikul tevadobas. rac

ufro daqucmacebulia samyaro moswavlisTvis sxvadasxva ”sagnebad” miT

ufro urTuldeba mas misi aRqma da Seswavla. integrirebuli swavlisas

moswavleebi ukeTesad axerxeben erT saganSi naswavli unarebis gadatanas

meore saganSi. es ki umniSvnelovanesi unaria (e.w. transferuli unarebi).

169

daskvnebi

erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli meTodikis ZiriTadi

orientirebi: sagnebis integrirebuli swavleba, aqcenti mravalmxriv

perspeqtivaze, saswavlo sagnebis jgufebad gaerTianeba, saganTa Soris

mWidro kavSiris ganxorcieleba ganapirobebs weris zogadi

kompetenciebis gansazRvris aucileblobas.

arsebuli viTarebis Seswavla cxadyofs, rom wera yvela saswavlo

sagnis mniSvnelovani aqtivobaa, romlis dauflebisaTvis mimdinareobs

saintereso muSaoba da rig maswavleblebs warmatebuli gamocdileba

aqvT. magram umetes SemTxvevaSi weriT misaRwevi Sedegebis gansazRvra da

erT saganSi miRebuli unarisa da codnis sxva saganSi gacnobierebuli

gamoyeneba ar xdeba. weriTi davalebebi ZiriTadad sruldeba saSinao

davalebebis saxiT.

weris zogadi kompetenciebis gansazRvra xels uwyobs erT saganSi

miRebuli codnis, unarebis, SesaZleblobebis gamoyenebas sxva saganSi

axali codnis miRebisa da ganviTarebisaTvis. exmareba moswavles

gaacnobieros, ra Sedegi aqvs misaRwevi, rogor iswavlos, rogor

moixmaros dauflebuli codna da unari momavalSi.

weris zogadi kompetenciebis daufleba ZiriTadad mimdinareobs

qarTuli enisa da literaturis gakveTilze saswavlo gegmis

mimarTuleba ,,weriT” gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnebis Sesabamisad.

weris kompetenciebis miRwevisaTvis swavlebis organizaciis

formebia: gakveTili, gakveTilgareSe muSaoba.

gakveTilze wera SesaZlebelia: a) wera CarTulia gakveTilis

msvlelobis dagegmvaSi; b) gakveTilis erT-erTi mizania weris

kompetenciis miRweva strategiebis gamoyenebiT; g) weris kompetenciis

miRweuli donis Sefaseba (mimdinare an Semajamebeli wera); d) saSinao

davalebis Sesruleba.

weris kompetenciebis ganviTarebis gakveTilgareSe muSaobis

formebia: sagnobrivi wreebi, klasis saaTi, eqskursia, gasvliTi

saganmanaTleblo seminari.

saswavlo saganTa jgufSi Semaval da sxva jgufis sagnebSi weris

kompetenciebis miRwevis efeqturi saSualebaa sagnobrivi kaTedra. misi

170

meSveobiT xorcieldeba maswavlebelTaA TanamSromloba, weris

kompetenciebis swavleba/swavlis dagegmvis, axali midgomebis gamoyenebis,

kvalifikaciis amaRlebis RonisZiebani.

didaqtikuri gamocdilebiT Seqmnili weris gakveTilis modelebi

saSualebas iZleva warmoCindes inovaciuri pedagogiuri gamocdileba,

xeli Seewyos ukeTesi variantebis Seqmnas,

strategiebis gamoyeneba exmareba moswavles kompetenciis dauflebasa

da swavlis Sedegis miRwevaSi; xels uwyobs saswavlo procesSi

aqtiurobasa da Sin da sxva situaciaSi damoukidebeli muSaobis

warmarTvas.

weris strategiebis SerCevisaTvis saWiro principebia:

weris strategiebis saswavlo mizanTan Sesabamisoba;

weris strategiebis swavleba / swavla iTvaliswinebs sxva saganSi mis

gamosadegianobas;

moswavlis mzadyofna SeZlos weris strategiebis miznobrivad,

efeqtianad gamoyeneba

weris strategiebis gamoyeneba ar iwvevdes moswavlis gadatvirTvas;

weris miRweuli kompetenciis donis gansazRvrisas Sefasebis

principebis (sandooba, validuroba, obieqturoba, gamWvirvaloba)

dasacavad gamoiyeneba ganmaviTarebeli da ganmsazRvreli Sefasebis

sistema. saswavlo miznis da amocanis Sesabamisi Sefasebisa da

TviTSefasebis formebis, meTodebis, cxrilebisa da sqemebis gamoyeneba

ganapirobebs swavleba / swavlis procesSi moswavlis daxmarebis ukeTesi

Sedegis miRwevas.

171

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