2014年职称英语考试卫生类B级真题及参考答案　　词汇选项：　　1. London quickly became a flourishing   port.　　A. major B. large C. commercial D. successful　　2. It was a magic night until the spell   was broken.　　A. charm B. time C. space D. opportunity　　3. They are trying to identify   what is wrong with the present system.　　A. prove B. consider C. imagine D. discover　　4. The committee was asked to render   a report on the housing situation.　　A. copy B. publish　 C. summarize D. furnish　　5. Afterwards there was just a feeling of let-down.　　A. disappointment B. excitement C. anger D. calm　　6. His stomach felt hollow   with fear.　　A. sincere B. respectful　 C. empty D. terrible　　7. His knowledge of French is fair.　　A. quite good B. very useful C. very limited D. rather special　　8. The curriculum was too narrow and too rigid.　　A. inflexible B. hidden C. traditional D. official　　9. Several windows had been smashed.　　A. cleaned B. replaced C. broken D. fixed　　10. She felt that she had done her good deed   for the day.　　A. act B. homework　 C. justice D. model　　11. His professional career spanned   16 years.　　A. started B. changed　 C. lasted D. moved　　12. The worst agonies   of the war were now beginning.　　A. parts B. pains C. aspects D. results　　13. The group does not advocate   the use of violence.　　A. limit B. support　 C. regulate D. oppose　　14. The majority of people around here are decent.　　A. real B. honest C. normal D. wealthy　　15. He led a very moral   life.　　A. human B. intelligent C. natural D. honourable

参考答案：　　1. A.　　2. A.　　3. D.　　4. D.　　5. A.　　6. C.　　7. C.　　8. A.　　9. C.　　10. A.　　11. C.　　12. B.　　13.B.　　14. D.　　15. D.

　　阅读判断：Some Schooling on Backpacks

　　According to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. 5,900 kids were treated at hospital emergency rooms, clinics, and doctors’ offices last year for sprains (扭伤) and strains caused by backpacks. Such injuries are so widespread that more than 70 percent of physicians surveyed by the American of Orthopedic (整形外科的) Surgeons listed backpacks as a potential clinical problem for children.　　How do you avoid such problems? Choose bags that have wide, padded straps (有垫的背带)and a belt. That will help transfer some of the weight from the back and shoulders to the hips. You should also tighten both straps firmly, so the pack rests about 2 inches above your waist. Also, remember to pack your bag with the heaviest items closest to your back and to bend both knees when you pick it up.　　I low much should you stuff into your back? That depends on your size and strength, but a general rule is not to exceed 20 percent of your body weight. So if a child weights 100 pounds, the backpack and its load should not be more than 20 pounds. One hint: Make frequent trips to your locker (储物柜) to exchange books between classes.　　Backpacks with wheels let you pull the weight along the ground, but they have problems too. Many are larger than the average shoulder bag, so students are tempted to carry more than they would in a conventional pack.　　Roller bags often don’t fit into a locker. They can also lead to tripping and falls in crowded halls. Whatever you use. 10 or 15 minutes of stretching and back strengthening is a good idea.

　　16. About six thousand American kids were injured by carrying backpacks last year.　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned　　17. 70 percent of UK physicians have treated children with sprains and strains.　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned　　18. Backpacks with wide, padded straps and a belt can help to avoid problems of sprains and strains.　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned　　19. A 100-pound child should carry a backpack of more than 20 pounds.　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned　　20. Children should put all the books in their locker.　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned　　21. Roller bags tend to be heavier than ordinary backpacks.　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned　　22. A 10-15 minutes’ exercise will help you bear a heavier backpack.　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

参考答案：　　16. B.　17. B.　18. A.　19. B.　20.B.　21. C.　22. A.

　　概括大意与完成句子：Aromatherapy(芳香疗法)

　　1 Aromatherapy is a form of alternative medicine which is based on the use of very concentrated essential oils from the flowers, leaves, bark, branches or roots of plants which are considered to have healing properties. In aromatherapy these powerful oils are mixed with other oils, such as almond(杏仁)oil, or they are diluted(稀释)with water. These solutions(溶液剂)can be rubbed on the skin,

sprayed in the air, or applied as a compress(敷药)。　　2 Many people have aromatherapy massages(按摩),and depending on the treatment a person is having, the aromatherapist

will massage the oil into the hands or shoulders. The massage is smooth and flowing, as it is designed to create a sense of relaxation and calm. The sessions are tailored to the individual's health and mood at the time, so every session is unique.　　3 Practitioners of aromatherapy believe that the aroma of the essential oils directly stimulates the brain or that the oils are absorbed through the skin into the bloodstream, where they can affect the whole body and promote healing. Other claims in support of aromatherapy are that it aids digestion, improves the functioning of respiratory system, reduces muscular aches and pains, and promotes muscle relaxation and tone. It has also been argued that aromatherapy can improve circulation, lower blood pressure, and help combat insomnia(失眠)and other stress-related disorders such as tension headaches, anxiety, and mild depression.　　4 However, while aromatherapy may have real effects that promote a sense of well-being, some traditional medicine practitioners remain doubtful about its powers. While research has confirmed that aromatherapy does have some positive short-term effects on most people, it also suggests that aromatherapy is not an actual science or medicine that should be used to treat illness. Furthermore, not all aromatherapy is considered beneficial to health. There are precautions which should be taken before having aromatherapy because some oils can have negative effects on people with certain medical conditions. The study of aromatherapy is relatively new and unexplored. More research needs to be conducted to make scientific conclusions about its use and effects.　　23. Paragragh1 (B)　　24. Paragragh2 (C)　　25. Paragragh3 (D)　　26. Paragragh4 (A)　　A. Doubts about the benefits aromatherapy　　B. Introduction to aromatherapy　　C. Personalized aromatherapy massage　　D. Different views about aromatherapy　　E. Aromatherapy and conventional medicine　　F. Current research into aromatherapy　　27. Aromatherapy is a mixture oil from parts of the plants to (A)　　28. The sessions of aromatherapy massages are designed to (F)　　29. Aromatherapy is believed to (B) in various ways

　　30. The used and benefits of aromatherapy need to (E)　　A. have healing effects　　B. be used externally　　C. be promoted　　D. help the disabled　　E. be further explored　　F. suit different people

　　阅读理解：　　第一篇：

Approaches to Understanding Intelligences　　It pays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way. You may be a talented musician, but you might not be a good reader. Each of us is different.　　Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities. Psychologists have two different views on intelligence. Some believe there is one general intelligence. Others believe there are many different intelligences.　　Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests. These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests. They do well on tests using words, numbers or pictures. They do well on individual or group tests, and written or oral tests. Those who do poorly on one test, do the same on all tests.　　Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence. The brains of intelligent people use less energy during problem solving. The brain waves of people with high intelligence show a quicker reaction. Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain.　　Howard Gardner, a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education, has four children. He believes that all children are different and shouldn’t be tested by one intelligence test. Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists, he thinks that the human mind has different intelligences. These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life. Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences. Gardner believes

that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences.　　Gardner says that his theory is based on biology. For example, when one part of the brain is injured, other parts of the brain still work. People who cannot talk because of brain damage can still sing. So, there is not just one intelligence to lose. Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence: linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, body-kinesthetic (身体动觉的), and naturalistic.

　　31. What is the main idea of this passage?　　A. How to understand intelligence.　　B. The importance of intelligence.　　C. The development of intelligence tests.　　D. How to become intelligent.　　32. Which of the following statements is true concerning general intelligence?　　A. Most intelligent people do well on some intelligence tests.　　B. People doing well on one type of intelligence test do well on other tests.　　C. Intelligent people do not do well on group tests.　　D. Intelligent people do better on written tests than on oral tests.　　33. Gardner believes that　　A. children have different intelligences　　B. all children are alike.　　C. children should take one intelligence test.　　D. there is no general intelligence.　　34. According to Gardner, schools should　　A. promote development of all intelligences.　　B. test students’ IQs.　　C. train students who do poorly on tests.　　D. focus on finding the most intelligent students.　　35. Gardner thinks that his theory has a　　A. musical foundation.　　B. intrapersonal foundation.

　　C. linguistic foundation.　　D. biological foundation.

参考答案：　　31. A.　32. B.　33. A.　34. A.　35. D.

　　第二篇：The Worker's Role in Management

　　Traditionally, it has been the worker's role to work and management's role to manage. Managers have planned and directed the firm's operations with little thought of consulting the labor force. Managers have rarely felt compelled(被迫的) to obtain the worker's opinions or to explain their decisions to their employees. At most, companies have provided "suggestion boxes" in which workers could place ideas for improving procedures. In recent years, however, many management specialists have been arguing that workers are more than sellers of labor——they have a vital stake in the company and may be able to make significant contributions to its management. Furthermore, major company decisions profoundly affect workers and their dependents. This is particularly true of plant closings, which may put thousands on the unemployment lines. Should workers, then, play a stronger role in management?　　Workers should have a role in management. At the very least, the labor force should be informed of major policy decisions. (A common complaint among rank-and-file workers is the lack of information about company policies and actions.) Between 1980 and 1985 about five million workers were the victims of plant closings and permanent layoffs(失业), often with no warning. At least 90 day's notice ought to be given in such instances so that workers have time to adjust. Management should consult workers before closing a plant, because the workers might be able to suggest ways of improving productivity and reducing costs and might be willing to make concessions that will help keep the plant operating.　　It should become a general practice to include workers in some managerial decision making. There ought to be representatives of the workers on the firm's board of directors or other major policymaking groups. If rank-and-file workers are given a voice in the planning and management of the work flow, they will help to make improvement, their morale will rise, and their productivity will

increase. As a further incentive, they must be given a share in the company's profits. This can be done through employee stockownership plans, bonuses, or rewards for efficiency and productivity. Finally, when a plant can no longer operate at a profit, the workers should be given the opportunity to purchase the plant and run it themselves.　　36.It can be interred from Paragraph 1 that managers________.　　A. seldom obtained workers’opinions　　B. were not qualified　　C. disliked “suggestion boxes”　　D. never consulted the labor force.　　37.In recent years, many management specialists have been arguing that workers________.　　A. are no longer sellers of the products　　B. are less affected by company decisions than before.　　C. are able to make final decisions for the company.　　D. should have a say in management of the company.　　38.The word “rank-and-life”Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to___.　　A. senior　　B. ordinary　　C. intelligent　　D. capable　　39.According to the passage, what happened between 1980 and 1985?　　A. Managers consulted workers before closing a plant.　　B. Workers did not make necessary concession.　　C. About five million workers were laid off without advance notice.　　D. Many companies were closed because of strikes.　　40.It not given a voice in managenal decision making workers_____.　　A. may lack the incentive to increase their productivity.　　B. cannot get a share in the company’s profits.　　C. can still get bonuses for efficiency and productivity.　　D. will not have the opportunity to purchase the plant.

参考答案：　　36.B.　37.D.　38.B.　39.C.　40A.

　　第三篇：Obesity(肥胖)in the Western World

　　Obesity is rapidly becoming a new scourge of the western world, delegates agreed at the 11th European Conference on the issue in Vienna Wednesday to Saturday. According to statements before the opening of the conference—of 2,000 specialists from more than 50 countries—1.2 billion people worldwide are overweight, and 250 million are obese.　　Professor Bernhard Ludvik of Vienna General Hospital said: “Obesity is a chronic illness. In Germany, 20 per cent of the people are already affected, but in Japan only one per cent. ” But he said that there was hope for sufferers thanks to the new scientific discoveries and medication.　　Professor Friedrich Hopichler of Salzberg said: “We are living in the new age (but. with the metabolism of a stone-age man.” “I have just been to the United States. It is really terrible. A pizza shop is springing up on every corner. We have been overrun by fast food and Coca-Cola-ization.”　　Many of the experts stressed that obesity was a potential killer. Hopichler said: “Eighty percent of all diabetics are obese, also fifty per cent of all patients with high blood pressure and fifty per cent with adipose tissue complaints. ” “Ten per cent more weight means thirteen per cent more risk of heart disease. Reducing one’s weight by ten per cent leads to thirteen per cent lower blood pressure.”　　Another expert Hermann Toplak said that the state health services should improve their financing of preventive programs. “Though the health insurance pays for surgery (such as reducing the size of the stomach. when the body-mass index is more than 40. That is equivalent to a weight of 116 kilograms for a height of 1.70 meters. One should start earlier.”　　Ludvik said that prevention should begin in school. “Child obesity (fat deposits )correlates with the time which children spend in front of TV sets.”　　The consequences were only apparent later on. No more than fifteen per cent of obese people lived to the average life expectancy for their population group.

　　41.Which of the following is true about obesity in Paragraph 2?　　A. People in Japan needn’t worry about obesity　　B. Obesity is a disease that lasts for a long time　　C. 20% of the people in the world are overweight　　D. Obesity should be cured with new medication　　42.Which of the following does Prof.Friedrich Hopichler probably agree?　　A. Diabetes is mainly caused by obesity　　B. 50% of patients with high blood pressure complained about obesity　　C. The fast food supplied in American pizza shops is tasteless　　D. The more one weighs, the more likely he is to suffer from heart disease　　43. Hermann Toplak suggested that more money should be spent on　　A. health insurance　　B. preventive programs　　C. state health services　　D. obesity-related surgeries　　44. Which of the following is most often accompanied by obesity?　　A. Diabetes.　　B. High blood pressure.　　C. Stomachache.　　D. Adipose tissue complaints.　　45. ”The consequences” in the last paragraph result from people　　A. reducing their weight　　B. eating fast food　　C. getting obese　　D. spending too much time in front of TV sets

参考答案：　　41.A.42.D. 43.B. 44.A. 45. C.

　　补全短文：The Day a language Died

　　When Candos Westez died at the age of 76, a language died, too, Westez, more commonly known as Rad Thunder Cloud, was the last speaker of the Native American language, Catawba. Anyonne who wants to hear various songs of the Catawba can contact the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., where ,back ___46___ They are all the that is of the Catawba language The language that people used to speak is gone forever.　　We are all aware of the damage that modern industry can do to the world’s ecology (生态).However ,few people are aware of the impact that widely spoken all over the world .Chinese ,Spanish, Russian, and Hindi have become powerful languages, as well, ___47___ When this happens ,hundreds of languages that are spoken by only a few people die out.　　Scholars believe there are about 6,000 languages around the world , but more than half of them could die out within the next100 years. There are many examples. Areaki is a native languages of the island of Vanuatu, located in the Pacific Ocean. It is spoken by only a few older adults, so like Catawba ,Arahi will soon disappear .Many languages of Ethiopia will have the same fate because each one has only a few speakers.___48___. In the American 100 languages, each of which has fewer than 300 speaker ,also are dying out.　　Red Thunder Cloud was one of the first to recognize the threat of language death and to try to do something about it. He was not actually born into the Catawba tribe, and the language was not his mother tongue___49___The songs he sang for the Smithsonian Institution helped to make Native American music popular. Now he is gone, and language is dead.　　What does it mean when a language disappear ?When a plant or insect or animal species dies. It is easy to understand what we’ve lost and appreciate what this means for the balance of the nature world. However, language is only a product of the mind. To be the last remaining speaker of a language, like Red Thunder Cloud. Must be a lonely destiny, almost as strange and temble as being last surviving member of a dying species___50___　　A. As these language become more powerful, their use as tools f business and culture increases.　　B. For the rest of us, when a language dies, we lose the possibility of a unique way of seeing and describing the world.　　C. These languages don’t have many native speaker.　　D. However, he is a frequent visitor to the Catawba reservation in South Carolina.

　　E. Papua New Guinea is an extremely rich source of different language, but more than 100 of them are in danger of extinction(灭绝).

　　F. Some people might want to try to learn some of these songs by heart

　　参考答案：46-50：FACDB

　　完形填空：Teaching and learning Medicine Award

　　Two scientisls who have won praise won praise for research into the growth of cancer cells could be candidates for the Nobel Prize in medicine when the 2008 winners are presented on Monday, kicking off six days of Nobel announcements.　　Australian-born U.S. citizen Elizabeth Blackbum and American Carol Greider have already won a series of medical ___(51)___for their enzyme (酶) research and expert say they could be among the front-runners for a Nobel.　　Only seven women have ___(52)___the medicine price since the first Nobel Prizes were___(53)___out in 1901. The last female winner was U.S. researcher Linda Buck in 2004, who ___(54)___the prize with Richard Axel.　　Among the pair’s possible ___(55)___are renchman Piene Chambon and Americans Ronald Evans and Elwood Jensen, who ___(56)___up the field of studying protein called nuclear hormone receptors(核激素受体)

　　As usual, the award committee is giving no ___(57)___about who is in the running before presenting its decision in a new conference at Stokholm’s Karolinska institute.

　　Alfred Nobel, the Swede who ___(58)___ dynamite (炸药)，established the prize in his will in the ___(59)___of medicine, physics, chemistry, literature and peace. The economics prize is technically not a Nobel but a 1968 creation of Sweden’s central bank.　　Nobel let few instruction on how to ___(60)___ winner, but medicine winner are typically ___(61)___for a specific breakthrough rather than a body of research.

　　Hans Jornvall, secretary of the medicine prize committee, said the 10million kronor(瑞典克隆)prize encourages ___(62)___research but he did not think winning it was primary goal for scientists.

　　“Individual researchers probably don’t ___(63)___ at themselves as potential Nobel Prize winner when they’re ___(64)___work”, Jornvall told the Associated Press” They get their kicks research and their interest in how life ___(65)___ .　　51. A. sign B. claims C. deals D. honors　　52. A. lost B. taken C. won D. snatched　　53. A. handed B. shouted C. read D. delivered　　54. A. had B. received C. shared D. delivered　　55. A. rivals B. matcires C. counterparts D. worded　　56. A. backed B. opened C. picked D. worked　　57. A. proposals B. suggestions C. ideas D. hints　　58. A. saw B. discovered C. invented D. heard　　59. A. groups B. divisions C. samples D. categories　　60. A. find B. select C. locate D. search　　61. A. awarded B. sent C. invited D. demanded　　62. A. ordinary B. historical C. ongoing D. groundbreaking　　63. A. regard B. laugh C. look D. smile　　64. A. on B. for C. with D. at　　65. A. means B. passes C. functions D. rises

参考答案：　　51. D.　　52. C.　　53. A.　　54. C.　　55. A　　56. B.　　57. D.　　58. C.　　59. D.　　60. B.　　61. A.　　62. D.　　63. C.　　64. D.　　65. C.