film
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12/06/2015 FilmWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film 1/16
AvintageFoxmovietonemotionpicturecamera
FilmFromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia
Afilm,alsocalledamovieormotionpicture,isaseriesofstillimageswhich,whenshownonascreen,createstheillusionofmovingimagesduetothephiphenomenon.Thisopticalillusioncausestheaudiencetoperceivecontinuousmotionbetweenseparateobjectsviewedrapidlyinsuccession.AfilmiscreatedbyphotographingactualsceneswithamotionpicturecamerabyphotographingdrawingsorminiaturemodelsusingtraditionalanimationtechniquesbymeansofCGIandcomputeranimationorbyacombinationofsomeorallofthesetechniquesandothervisualeffects.Theword"cinema"isoftenusedtorefertotheindustryoffilmsandfilmmakingortotheartoffilmmakingitself.Thecontemporarydefinitionofcinemaistheartofsimulatingexperiencestocommunicateideas,stories,perceptions,feelings,beautyoratmospherebythemeansofrecordedorprogrammedmovingimagesalongwithothersensorystimulations.[1]
Theprocessoffilmmakingisbothanartandanindustry.Filmswereoriginallyrecordedontoplasticfilmwhichwasshownthroughamovieprojectorontoalargescreen(inotherwords,ananalogrecordingprocess).TheadoptionofCGIbasedspecialeffectsledtotheuseofdigitalintermediates.Mostcontemporaryfilmsarenowfullydigitalthroughtheentireprocessofproduction,distribution,andexhibitionfromstarttofinish.Filmsrecordedinanalogformtraditionallyincludedanopticalsoundtrack,whichisagraphicrecordingofthespokenwords,musicandothersoundsthataretoaccompanytheimages.Itrunsalongaportionofthefilmexclusivelyreservedforitandisnotprojected.
Filmsareculturalartifactscreatedbyspecificcultures.Theyreflectthosecultures,and,inturn,affectthem.Filmisconsideredtobeanimportantartform,asourceofpopularentertainment,andapowerfulmediumforeducatingorindoctrinatingcitizens.Thevisualbasisoffilmgivesitauniversalpowerofcommunication.Somefilmshavebecomepopularworldwideattractionsbyusingdubbingorsubtitlestotranslatethedialogintothelanguageoftheviewer.Somehavecriticizedthefilmindustry'sglorificationofviolence[2]anditssexisttreatmentofwomen.[3][4]
Theindividualimagesthatmakeupafilmarecalledframes.Duringprojectionoftraditionalfilms,arotatingshuttercausesintervalsofdarknessaseachframeinturnismovedintopositiontobeprojected,buttheviewerdoesnotnoticetheinterruptionsbecauseofaneffectknownaspersistenceofvision,wherebytheeyeretainsavisualimageforafractionofasecondafterthesourcehasbeenremoved.Theperceptionofmotionisduetoapsychologicaleffectcalledphiphenomenon.
Thename"film"originatesfromthefactthatphotographicfilm(alsocalledfilmstock)hashistoricallybeenthemediumforrecordinganddisplayingmotionpictures.Manyothertermsexistforanindividualmotionpicture,includingpicture,pictureshow,movingpicture,photoplayandflick.ThemostcommontermintheUnitedStatesismovie,whileinEuropefilmispreferred.Termsforthefieldingeneralinclude