fire triangle
DESCRIPTION
presentation of fire triangle for educational purposesTRANSCRIPT
Types of Fire/FuelOxidizers
Fire Extinguishers
Fire Triangle/ Tetrahedron
Fire Trianglealso called combustion triangle
model for understanding the necessary ingredients for fire
evolved into fire tetrahedron
Elements of the Fire Triangle
Activation Energy (Heat) – to raise the material to its ignition temperature
Fuel – combustible solid , liquid or gas
Oxidizer – to sustain combustion
Fire Tetrahedronwith an additional component, chemical
chain reaction
includes the chemical chain reaction process, redox (reduction-oxidation)
same concept applies in putting out fire as that of with the fire triangle
Means of Extinguishing FireHeat Removal“cooling the fire”
water is used often which requires heat for phase change from water to steam
scraping ember from a burning structure also removes heat
turning off the electricity removes the ignition source
Means of Extinguishing FireFuel Separation“starving the fire”
can be done naturally or mechanically
performed during wildfire suppression
Means of Extinguishing FireOxidizer Removal“suffocating/smothering the fire”
water-based foams, dust and sand, or dry chemicals can be used (ex. NaHCO3, KHCO3, (NH4)H2PO4)
carbon dioxide fire extinguishers can also be used
Means of Extinguishing FireChemical Chain Reaction Inhibition“interference”
process of applying extinguishing agents
Classifications of FuelsClass A – Solids: paper, wood, plastic, etc.
Class B – Flammable Liquids: paraffin, petrol, oil, etc.
Class C – Flammable Gases: propane, butane, methane, etc.
Class D – Metals: aluminum, magnesium, titanium, etc.
Class E – Electrical Apparatus
Class F – Cooking Oil and Fat
Types of OxidizersOxygen (O2)
Air (21% O2 + 79% N2)
Air enriched with Oxygen (O2 greater than 21%)
Nitrogen Oxides (N2O)
Types of Fire ExtinguishersWater (RED)– for Class A, not suitable for
Class B
Foam (CREAM)– for Class A and B
Dry Powder (BLUE)– for Class A, B, C, and D
Carbon Dioxide (BLACK)– for Class B and E
Types of Fire ExtinguishersWet Chemical – for Class F
Metal Fires – for Class D
Halon (GREEN) – illegal; stops fire by reacting to the elements in the fire
Rules in Fighting FiresNever fight fire if:
the type of fuel /fire is unknown;
the fire is spreading rapidly beyond the spot it started
your instincts tell you not to
Using a Fire Extinguisher (PASS)Pull the pin.
Aim at the base of the fire.
Squeeze the top handle or lever.
Sweep from side to side until the fire is completely out.