Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

Fisheries of Ko-rea

Kwang –Soo, LimDeputy Minister for Fisheries Policy

1. Marine Environment

2. Fisheries in Korea

3. Fisheries Policy

4. Growth momentum for fisheries

[ Contents ]

1. Marine Environment

Seas surrounding Korea

5

CHINA

JAPAN

KOREA

• Coastline : 14,533km (South Korea 11,542km)• Islands : 4,198 (South Korea 3,153)

Cold

Warm

6

West coast

• Average depth : 44m• Mud flats• Low salinity• High nutrients • Croaker, Flounder• Prawn, Hairtail, Blue crab

7

East coast

• Average depth : 1,700m

• Cold water at the bottom

• Warm water at the top

• Squid, Saury, Alaska Pollack,

• Yellowtail, Red crab

8

South coast

• Anchovy, Mackerel• Eel, Sea bream, Filefish, Tuna• Center of Korean Aquaculture

Geomorphology

East Sea Yellow Sea East China Sea

Area (㎢ ) 1,013,000 417,000 752,000

Average Depth (m) 1,667 44 272

Volume (㎢ ) 1,690,000 18,000 209,000

Continental Shelf(0-200m) 23.5% 100% 81.3%

Continental Slope(200-1,000m) 15.2% 0 11.4%

% of Deep Basin 61.3% 0 7.3%

2. Fisheries in Korea

Production (2010)

3.1 million tonnes (2.1% of world production)

Types Production Major species

Coastal & Offshore 1,227 Mackerel, Hairtail, Anchovy, Squid, Croaker, Blue crab, Clam

Aquaculture 1,313 Flounder, Rockfish, Oyster, Laver,Kelp, Avalone

Distant-water 612 Tuna, Saury, Alaska Pollack, Squid, Krill

Inlands 30 Eel, Trout, Catfish

(Unit: 1,000 tonnes)

World's Fisheries Production (2008, including aquatic plants unit = 1,000 tons)

Country Capture Aquaculture Total Ratio1 China 14,791 43,036 57,827 36%2 Indonesia 4,957 3,838 8,795 5.5%

3 India 4,104 3,478 7,583 4.7%

4 Peru 7,362 57 7,419 4.6%

5 Japan 4,248 1,292 5,540 3.5%

6 Philippines 2,561 2,408 5,059 3.2%

7 USA 4,349 5,06 4,855 3.0%

8 Chile 3,554 1,255 4,809 3.0%

9 Viet Nam 2,087 2,496 4,583 2.9%

10 Thailand 2,457 1,374 3,831 2.4%

11 Russia 3,383 125 3,508 2.2%

12 Korea 1,943 1,408 3,351 2.1%

Changes in Contribution

1980 1990 2000 2010

Fishing Vessels

2000 2010 Goal

68,629

39,903

47,521

Sustainable level : 39,903 vessels Current : 47,751 (16% over)

Scraped 16,642 during ’94~’10 (1,546 billion won)

Global top in aquaculture production per nation’s territory

14.2 ton / km2

* China: 42 million ton (world top), but production / territory = 4.4 ton ㎢

Korea China Japan India Vietnam Norway Philippines

14.2

4.43.1

1.0

7.6

2.6

8.0

Aquaculture Production

World aquaculture production (million ton) : China (42.6), Indonesia (3.8),

India (3.5), Vietnam (2.5), Philippines (2.4), Korea (1.4)

Fishing Households

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

69,379

129,734

Trade

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

50000

550000

1050000

1550000

2050000

2550000

3050000

(unit: 1,000 US$)

Import

Export

liberalization of imports

Fish consumption per-capita increased by 57% during last 10 years

Supply 40% of animal protein China market demand is growing rapidly → export market

rice

1998 2008

35

10386

5541

fishmeat

2000 2006 2009

1122

30

Korean Food consumption (kg/yr) Chinese fish consumption (kg/yr)

Growing demand for fish

3. Fisheries Policy

1948 Fisheries Bureau in the Ministry of Commerce and Industry

1966~

1996Fisheries Administration

1996~

2007Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries

Since 2008

Ministry for the Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

History of fisheries governance

Fisheries Policy Office

Fisheries Policy Bu-reau

Fisheries Policy in General

Processing / Marketing

Infrastructure / Fishermen

Enforcement / Safety

Fisheries Resources Bureau

Resources Man-agement

Fishing Vessels / License

Aquaculture Environment

Distant-Water Fish-eries Bureau

Distant-Water Fisheries

International Cooperation

Fishery Negotia-tions

MIFAFF (Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries)

Major management tools

Input/Output control

fishing license 3,957 / TAC for 12 species

Buy-Back program (since 1994)

scrapped 16,642 vessels

Technical measures

Closed areas and seasons, Landing, etc.

Community based management (since 2001)

managed by people who use them

increasing both participants 10 times and income 8~9% / yr.

Comparison of fishery policies

Classification Korea Japan China

Input control

• License system• Fishing gear size & type

• License system• Restriction of fishing method and vessel size

• License system• Controlling total number of vessels and their power

Output control • TAC • TAC -

Technical mea-sures

• Closed seasons and areas• Mesh size

• Closed seasons & areas• Mesh size

• Closed seasons & areas• Mesh size

Resource en-hancement

• Artificial reefs• Release of fry• Sea farming• Release of salmon & cod

• Artificial reefs• Release of fry• Release of salmon & trout

• Artificial reefs• Release of fry

Others

• Restrictions of catches landing, transshipments, & place of sale• Co-management• Water quality conservation• Prohibition of sales of illegal catches

• Fishing right manage-ment• Coastal fishing ground maintenance• Prohibition of sales of illegal catches

• Resource fee• Regulating proportion of fry catch

Aquaculture management

Input controls

licenses: 13,409 (266,717 ha)

limit on aquaculture access => small-scale business

- prohibition of license lease

- restriction on farm size (less than 60 ha) & large company’s entry

Technical measure

restrictions on antibiotics usage

drain water quality conservation

Processing / Marketing

Processing market size: $62 billion

Certification schemes & Place-of-origin labeling system

Electronic wholesale market & internet fisheries market

HACCP on Aquaculture & processing factories, etc.

Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives

Markets around producing & consumption areas

- Consignment sale spots:160 places (landing ports : 202)

- Wholesale markets (downtown)

Fishing village & port

Fishing village renovation

Comprehensive fishing village development project (’94 ~ )

Sister City and Village Program (city vs. fishing village)

Fishing village camp

Fishing Port

National fishing port management (110 sites)

Marine debris collecting vessel in fishing port

Overseas fishing port building (with relation to ODA)

Human resources

Human Resources Enforcement

Cultivate fisheries successor (‘81~’10): 18,750 person

Fisheries population (’10): 171,000 person

Declining and Graying Population

1995 2010 2020

370 thousand person

171 130

25%

over 60 years old

36% 60%

< Fisheries Population Outlook>

4. Growth momentum for fisheries

Fishing (cap-ture, aquacul-

ture)Food industry Life indus-

try

Paradigm shift

Sustainable Fisheries

Commencement of New Decommission Scheme

Application-base ⇒ government’s official authority

- target: over-fishing gear (e. g. trawl)

Stock Recovery of about 30 Species by 2020

Port (landing) Control to Prevent IUU Fishing Activities

Modernization of Fishing Vessels Crews’ welfare & low-carbon emission

Aquaculture Abolition of access limit (step by step) => scale-up

permit farm size more than 60 ha & license lease

allow company’s entry

Expansion of aquaculture farm

coastal to off-sea, mud flat & city (fish factory)

Marine biomass

Develop mass production tech. of seaweeds & micro-algae

Extract bio-fuel, pulp, and plastic from marine biomass * 1 million ha. of seaweeds farm: 4,500 million liters of motor fuel (50% of domestic consump-

tion)

Bio-fuel Pulp Plastic Medicine

Bio-medicine

Challenge: Difficulty in collecting marine life from nature

Solution: Aquaculture-mass production of useful marine life

Cone shell in nature mass production by aquaculture extraction

Genetic breeding

Flounder, abalone, and other major species

• 3rd generation flounder : 40%

- Faster growth rate

- Stronger for disease.

- Expected to lower production

cost by 40%

* Norway salmon: 10th generation. 300% faster growth rate. Occupies 70% of world market

Aqua-pet

World market size : 23 billion US$

Marine ornamental fish : decreased by resource deple-

tion, reef destruction

Development of new species for aquaculture

Food industry

Expanding HACCP: fishing farm to markets Adopting Eco-labeling system (proposed by FAO)

Building Fisheries Base Processing Center - Simple Collection -> Packing, clean & processing

Creating local food industry complex Promoting local Food brands

SAFETY

HY-GIENE

QUAL-ITY

CEO

ENGINEERIncentives for nation certification holders

Silver tech. to cope with aging society

GOLBALInternational Fisheries Education InstitutionInternational Observer Center

Spread of success story

Reinforcement of consulting & info. sharing

Human resources

THANK YOU