Fkkj dh xgjkbZ lsjkes'oj ckxfM+;k

Hkkjr Kku foKku lfefr

Thar Ki Geharai SeRameshwar Bagariya

Series EditorTaposh Chakravorty

Copy EditorRadheshyam Mangolpuri

IllustrationSunayana B.Pande

Cover and GraphicsJagmohan

First EditionSeptember, 2007

ContributionRs. 20

PrintingSun Shine OffsetNew Delhi - 110 018

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bl fdrkc dk izdk'ku Hkkjr Kku foKku lfefr us^lj nksjkcth VkVk VªLV* ds lg;ksx ls fd;k gSA

bl vkanksyu dk edln vke turk esaiBu&ikBu laLÑfr fodflr djuk gSA

Publication and DistributionBharat Gyan Vigyan Samiti

Basement of Y.W.A. Hostel No. II, G-Block, Saket , New Delhi - 110 017Phone : 011 - 26569943, Fax : 91 - 011 - 26569773Email : bgvs_delhi@yahoo.co.in, bgvsdelhi@gmail.com

website: www. bgvs.org

BGVS SEPTEMBER 2007 2K 2000 NJVA 0061/2007

ge ys[kdksa osQ fopkjksa dh Lora=krk esa fo'okl djrs gSa] lgefr@vlgefr vyx ckr gSA

Fkkj dh xgjkbZ ls

Hkkjr Kku foKku lfefr

4

jsfxLrku dk viuk vkd"kZ.k gSA tSls leqnz osQ fdukjs [kM+k gksusij izÑfr dh fojkVrk dk ,glkl gksrk gS] mlh izdkj jsfxLrku osQchp ls xqtjus ij HkhA vizQhdk] vjc o phu vkfn ns'kksa esa jsfxLrkugaS rks gekjs ns'k osQ if'pe esa Fkkj dk cM+k jsfxLrku gSA ;g iatkcosQ fiQjkstiqj ls ysdj jktLFkku osQ chdkusj] xaxkuxj] guqekux<+]pq:] lhdj] ukxkSj] tks/iqj] tSlyesj] ckM+esj gksrk gqvk ikfdLrkuosQ djkph rd iQSyk gqvk gSA

jsfxLrku D;ksa curs gSa\ ekuk ;g tkrk gS fd tgka vkt jsfxLrkugS] ogka dHkh u dHkh leqnz jgk gS] tks ;k rks lw[k x;k ;k fiQj ihNsgV x;k gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd jsfxLrku osQ xHkZ esa rsy] xSl] dks;yk;k fiQj vU; izkÑfrd inkFkks± dk vFkkg Hk.Mkj Nqik gqvk gSA

jktLFkku dh jkt/kuh t;iqj ls mÙkj fn'kk esa tk,aa] rks lhdjjsfxLrku dk izos'k }kj gS] tgka ls vkxs ikfdLrku lhek rd jsr osQmaQps igkM+&ls Vhys gSaA chp&chp esa gj pkj&ikap fdyksehVj dhnwjh ij xkao cls gq, gSaA T;ksa&T;ksa jsfxLrku viuk fo'kky Lo:ifn[kkrk gS] R;ksa&R;ksa xkaoksa osQ chp dh ;g nwjh c<+rh tkrh gSA vkxspyus ij chdkusj] tSlyesj vkSj ckM+esj osQ lhekorhZ bykdksa esa rksnks xkaoksa osQ chp dk iQklyk chl&rhl fdyksehVj Hkh gksrk gSAvkcknh cgqr de gksrh gSA xkao uke&ek=k dks gksrs gSaµ osQoy?kkl&iQwl dh dPph >ksifM+;kaA og Hkh vius yksxksa osQ viusi'kq/u osQ lkFk&lkFk pyrs&fiQjrs jgus osQ dkj.k dHkh mnkl can

Fkkj dh xgjkbZ ls

5

iM+h jgrh gSa vkSj dHkh fiQj vkckn gks tkrh gaSA

jsfxLrku dk uke lqurs ;k i<+rs gh dbZ ckras ,d lkFk mHkjrhgSa& tSls] izp.M xehZ] /wy&Hkjh vkf/;ka] ikuh dk =kkfgeke vHkko]Hkw[k vkSj xjhch ls fyiVh fuj{kj o uhjl ftUnxhA ;g lc oqQNdgha vk/k rks dgha vk/s ls de lp gSA ;gka xehZ esa if'peh rirhgokvksa osQ lkFk yw osQ FkisM+s /wy mM+krs gq, tc vius rst osx lsb/j gksdj xqtjrs gSa rks ;kssa lef>,] i'kq&i{kh ls ysdj lkjktho&txr vius&vkidks Nqik ysus osQ fy, dksbZ txg ugha ikldrkµ u edku osQ vUnj] u edku osQ ckgj] dgha Hkh ughaA gjdksbZ bl rjg lksprk gS& blls rks vPNk gS fd lnhZ vk tk, tYnhAvkSj tc lnhZ vk tkrh gS rks mÙkjh gokvksa osQ lkFk fgeky; lspydj 'khr ygj ;gka rd vkrh gS vkSj yksxksa osQ nkar ct mBrsgSaA rks yksx fiQj lksprs gSaµ blls rks gekjh xehZ Hkyh FkhA nksuksa osQchp esa vkrh gS cj[kk fjef>e djrh vkSj ekSle le gks tkrk gSµu xehZ] u lnhZA Vhyksa ij ddM+h] rjcwtksa vkSj [kjcwtksa dh csysailjrh gSaµ iQwyksa vkSj iQyksa ls vkPNkfnrA rc ;gka eksj ukprs gSaAnwj&nwj rd lqukbZ nsrh gS vkokt] ihgw&ihgw dhA rc fi;k ;kn vkrsgSa] tc [ksrksa esa gksrh gSa dkfefu;kaA vkrs gSa ckny meM+&?kqeM+dj]nwj ns'k ls xtZrs&cjlrsA rc Vhyksa ij ls ikuh cgdj lery ijvkrk gSA ysfdu vc oqQN lkyksa ls yxkrkj cjlkr dk vHkko jgrkgS vkSj vdky jgrk gSA tSls [kqn O;fDr] lekt vkSj jktuhfr viusiqjkus fu;e vkSj ijEijk,a NksM+ jgs gSa] u;s fu;e vHkh cu ugha ikjgs gSaµ yxrk gS] izÑfr esa Hkh oSlk gh oqQN ?kfVr gks jgk gSA fo}kuksadk er gS fd jktuhfr esa ifjorZu gj lkS&ipkl lky ckn vkrsjgrs gSa] ysfdu izÑfr vius fu;eksa ij chl rhl&gtkj lky dk;ejgrh gSA mlosQ ckn mlesa cnyko osQ Li"V laosQr feyus yxrs gSaA

tSlyesj vkSj ckM+esj esa ikuh dk Hkkjh vHkko jgk gSA ?kh&nw/fey tk,xk] ij ikuh vklkuh ls ugha feysxkA fiNys lky vpkudblosQ myV gqvkA jsr osQ Vhyksa osQ chp tgka nl&nl lky osQ

6

7

cPpksa us ;g ugha tkuk Fkk fd ikuh vkdk'k ls Hkh fxj ldrk gS cwancudj] vkSj ckny D;k gksrs gSa] ,d jkr ,slh vkbZ fd ikuhvkleku ls dgj cudj fxjkA <k.kh vkSj xkao lks, osQ lks, jg x,Ans[krs gh ns[krs maQps igkM+ ls Vhyksa osQ chp jkLrk cukrh gqbZ vkbZ,d ufn;kA 26 fdyksehVj yEch >hy cu xbZ jsr osQ egklkxj osQchpA

vkSj Hkw[k vkSj xjhch\ ;gka ns'k osQ ckdh fgLlksa&lk dke ughagSA ;gka vkcknh dk ?kuRo 'ks"k Hkkjr ls de gSA rirh yw esa iSnkgksdj ikuh osQ vHkko esa la?k"kZ djrs gq, cM+s gksus osQ dkj.k ;gka osQisM+&ikS/s dkaVsnkj gSa] yksx dBksj o esgurh gSa vkSj LoHkko ls ftíhHkhA

fdlku dHkh lkspus&fopkjus osQ fy, le; ugha fudky ikrkA;g jkr vkSj fnu vius dks [kikrk jgrk gS] ;g lksprs gq, fd bllky ugha rks vxys lky nsxk Hkxoku mldks mldh esgur dkiQyA

lsBksa dk bykdk

vkidks ;g tkudj 'kk;n vk'p;Z gksxk fd Hkkjr osQ T;knkrj/uifrµ fcM+yk] Mkyfe;k] fla?kkfu;k] xks;udk] eksnh] eqjkjdk]ctkt] iksíkj] ckaxM+] lksekuh] feÙky] vkfn lkjs osQ lkjs bu ?kksjksa dhmit gSaA nks&<kbZ lkS lky igys ls gh lsBksa dk viuk ,d oSHkojgkA vkt bls bl bykosQ osQ lhdj] iQrsiqj] pq:] fclkmQ]y{e.kx<+] uoyx<+] cx<+] fiykuh] jkex<+] vkfn dLcksa esa lsBksa dh[kkyh o lwuh iM+h gosfy;ksa dks ns[kdj tkuk tk ldrk gSA bugosfy;ksa dh nhokjksa ij cgqr lqUnj dkjhxjh] fp=kdyk] vkfn osQuewus gSaA loky mBrk gS fd bl jsfxLrku esa bruh /u&lEink oO;kikj dh ;g dyk dgka ls vkbZ] tks dkykarj esa vle] caxky lsysdj 'ks"k Hkkjr osQ cgqr cM+s fgLls ij Nk xbZ\ ;g ,d vyx'kks/ dk fo"k; gks ldrk gSA laHkor% dHkh ;g bykdk ,d ekxZ jgk

8

gS eè; ,f'k;k] viQxkfuLrku ls ysdj phu rd osQ vkilh O;kikjdkA blh ekxZ us chp osQ ,tsUV iSnk fd,] tks phu vkSj eè; ,f'k;kosQ O;kikj dks vkil esa tksM+rs FksA ;g bykdk lksus dh fpfM+;k dhpksap ugha rks ,d ia[k t:j Fkk vrhr esa] tgka ls oqQN yksxksa usO;kikj djuk lh[kkA

tSlyesj esa ,d gosyh gSA ;g iVoksa dh gosyh osQ uke lstkuh tkrh gSA ;g gosyh nqfu;k dh izfl¼ nks&pkj gosfy;ksa esa ls,d gSA ;g ihys iRFkj ls cuh gSA iRFkjksa ij Nsfu;ksa vkSj gFkkSM+ksa lstks uDdk'kh] csycwVs] iQwy vkfn cuk, x, gSa mudks ns[kdj vk'p;Zgksrk gS fd blosQ cukus esa fdruh esgur o fdruk Je yxk gksxk!dgka ls vk;k gksxk bruk iSlk! bl gosyh osQ ,d fgLls esa vc Hkhmldk ,d daxky ekfyd jgrk gSA ckdh gosyh lwuh iM+h gSAvUnj tkrs oDr Hk; mRiUu gksrk gS fd okil ckgj fudyus dkjkLrk fey ik,xk ;k ughaA [kkyh iM+h Hkwrgh gosyh osQ oDr osQ lkFkdaxky gq, ekfyd us] tks mlosQ ckgj nkyku esa VwVh [kkV ij cSBkFkk] bl gosyh osQ ekfydksa osQ oSHko o /u&lEink osQ ckjs esa crk;kfd fliZQ ,d gh gosyh ugha Fkh ml tekus esa blosQ ekfyd osQiklA tSlyesj osQ edkuksa dk ,d&frgkbZ fgLlk mlh }kjk fufeZr FkkAmldk /U/k Fkk phu dks viQhe lIykbZ djuk vkSj dksVk] mTtSu]ekyok] vkfn esa viQhe dh [ksrh osQ fy, izksRlkgu nsukA blesa'kk;n viQxkfuLrku rd dk bykdk 'kkfey FkkA rks bruh nwj&nwjrd iSQys o tqM+s Fks lkezkT;oknh lalkj dh uhfr;ksa osQ vlj o rkjAphu dks viQhe fiykdj xqyke cukus osQ fy, [ksrh Hkkjr]viQxkfuLrku] vkfn esa gksrh FkhA xkSj djus yk;d ckr ;g gS fdvktdy jktLFkku esa Hkh yksxksa dks 'kjkc [kwc fiyk jgh gS ljdkjAikuh dk bUrtke ugha gS] ij 'kgjksa gh ugha] NksVs&NksVs xkaoksa esa Hkh'kjkc o ch;j dh nqdkusa ekStwn gSaA tks ftruk Hkw[kk o xjhc gS] ogmruk gh u'ks dk T;knk vknh gksrk tk jgk gS rkfd vius ?kj&ifjokj]cky&cPpksa dh cngkyh Hkwy losQA csjkstxkjh o ifjokj dh vkfFkZd

9

vlqj{kk dk Hk; ukStokuksa dks u'ks dk vknh gh ugha cuk jgk gS] osvfunzk o ikxyiu osQ f'kdkj Hkh gks jgs gSaA vktdy yksxlqcg&'kke ugha ns[krs] Hkjh nksigjh esa u'ks esa /qÙk jgus yxs gSaA

gka] bl bykosQ osQ izeq[k dLcksa esa lsBksa dh gosfy;ka vkt[kkyh iM+h gaSA ;s lsB ;gka ls D;ksa o dgka pys x,\ fgUnqLrku osQvyx&vyx bykdksa esa vaxzstksa dk 'kklu vyx&vyx rjhdksa lsdke dj jgk FkkA mudk tSlk lh/k 'kklu vle o caxky ij FkkoSlk jktiwrkuk esa ughaA 'kklu dh rhu Li"V irs± Fkha % (1) ns'k ijlkezkT;oknh 'kklu] (2) jktiwrkuk t;iqj] tks/iqj] chdkusj] vkfnesa jktkvksa dh fj;klr vkSj (3) vyx&vyx NksVs&NksVs ikap&nlxkaoksa dh turk ij lkeUrksa dk 'kkluA vkf[kjh fnuksa esa vFkkZr nqfu;kosQ iSekus ij ,d O;oLFkk&ifjorZu osQ nkSj esa b/j osQ lkeUrksa usfonzksg djosQ jktkvksa osQ 'kklu dks ekuus ls bUdkj dj fn;kA vaxzstksadk b/j dksbZ vk/kj ugha Fkk] vr% lh/s lkeUrksa dk 'kklu gks x;kAlkeUr gj xkao esa ,d&,d fdlku dks] ftlosQ ikap&lkr yBSr csVsFks] xkao dk eqf[k;k fu;qDr dj (vkSj bl rjg mls 'kklu esafgLlsnkj cukdj) 'kklu pykus yxsA

lkeUrksa osQ fonzksg osQ dkj.k gh b/j lsB vius&vkidksvlqjf{kr eglwl djus yxsA O;kikj djuk eqf'dy gks x;kA jkgksa esaMkosQtuh c<+ xbZA bykosQ esa lsBksa dh j{kk dk nkf;Ro igys lkeUrksaosQ ikl Fkk] ftlosQ cnys lsB jkgnkjh&dj nsrs FksA ;g iSlk jktk ovaxzstksa osQ ikl ugha igqap jgk FkkA lsBksa dk cdk;k olwy djokdjnsuk Hkh lkeUrksa dk gh nkf;Ro FkkA mlosQ cnys esa Hkh lsBksa dks oqQNnsuk iM+rk FkkA 1818 esa jktiwrkuk osQ jktkvksa vkSj vaxzstksa osQ chp^laj{k.k lg;ksx laf/* gqbZA vc jktiwrkuk osQ 'kkld vaxzstksa osQ v/hu dke djus yxsA rc lkeUrksa ij yxke dlus osQ fy, ,d dkuwucuk fn;k fd vxj lsB dh olwyh u gks ik, rks og U;k;ky; (tkscuk fn, x,) esa fMozQh dj losQxkA rc lsBksa us U;k;ky;ksa] jktkvksavkSj vaxzstksa osQ Hkjksls ij lkeUrksa dks jkgnkjh o vU; dj nsuk cUn

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dj fn;kA rc lkeUrksa us viuk nkf;Ro <hyk NksM+ fn;kA dEiuhljdkj o jktk dkuwu osQ cy ij lsBksa dh j{kk u dj losQA lsBbykdk NksM+dj vle&caxky dh rjiQ owQp dj x,] tgka dEiuhljdkj dk csgrj vk/kj FkkA ;g iyk;u lsBksa vkSj daiuh ljdkjnksuksa osQ fy, iQk;ns dk lkSnk jgkA vaxzst lsBksa dks lh/k viukO;kikfjd ,tsUV cukdj ns'k osQ fofHkUu fgLlksa esa O;kikj djus yxsAvle vkSj caxky osQ bykdksa esa O;kikj osQ uke ij bu yksxksa us [kwc'kks"k.k fd;k vkSj bl jsfxLrku esa vle o caxky ls le`f¼ vkbZ]tSls vktdy [kkM+h ns'kksa ls gekjs ns'k esa vk jgh gSA vaxzst vkSj b/j osQ lsB nksuksa gh O;kikjh FksA nksuksa osQ laca/ cM+s fo'oluh; jgsAml nkSj esa Hkh vkSj Lora=krk laxzke osQ nkSj esa Hkh nksuksa dh lk>hle>nkjh ls gh yM+k x;k Hkkjr dk Lora=krk laxzkeA

[kSjA ml nkSj esa tc oqQN lsB caxky o vle dh rjiQ pysx,] ckdh cps lsBksa us O;kikj osQ tfj, Hkxoku vkSj /eZ osQ ukeij fdlkuksa dk [kwc 'kks"k.k fd;kA mUgksaus ukjk fn;kµ ^ekuolsok ghizHkq iwtk gSA vfgalk ijeks /eZ%A th;ks vkSj thus nksA* vkt Hkhbtkjsnkfj;ka blh fl¼kUr ij /u cVksjus esa yxh gqbZ gSa fd vxjgekjs ikl /u o iSlk gksxk rks ge xjhc yksxksa dh xjhch gVkus esamldk iz;ksx dj losaQxsA lkeUr tksj&tqYe osQ lgkjs 'kks"k.k djrs Fks]lsB ;g dke xk;] efUnj] ikuh dh I;kmQ] 'kkafr] Hktu&dhrZu]n;k&nku] /eZ vkSj Hkxoku dh vkM+ esa vkt rd tkjh j[ks gq, gSaA

bfrgkl dh ,d >yd

1526 esa fnYyh dk 'kkld bczkfge yksnh FkkA b/j jktLFkku(ml le; jktiwrkuk) esa egkjk.kk izrki osQ iwoZt jk.kk lkaxk fprkSM+osQ egkjktk FksA

1526 esa egkjk.kk lkaxk us ckcj dks U;kSrk nsdj cqyk;k fd¶rqe Hkkjr vkvks vkSj fnYyh ij geyk djksA mlh le; eSa vkxjkij /kok cksy nwaxk vkSj gekjk 'kklu gks tk,xkA¸ ml le; jk.kk

11

lkaxk dh ea'kk ;g Fkh fd tc ckcj yksnh dks gjk nsxk] rks fiQj FkosQgq, ckcj dks eSa (jk.kk lkaxk) ekj HkxkmaQxk vkSj fnYyh ij dCtkgks tk,xkA

ikuhir osQ eSnku esa yksnh vkSj ckcj osQ chp ;q¼ gqvkA ckcjdh thr gqbZ vkSj og fnYyh dk 'kkld cu x;kA tc ckcj us jk.kklkaxk dh vksj utj mBkdj ns[kk rks og ;q¼ dh rS;kjh djrs ik;kx;kA nksuksa osQ chp [kkuok osQ eSnku esa ;q¼ gqvk] tks <kbZ ?k.Vs pykAjk.kk lkaxk gkj x;kA lkaxk us dle [kkbZ fd ckcj dks gjk, fcukfprkSM+ okil ugha tk,xkA lkaxk ;q¼ esa ?kkoksa osQ dkj.k ijyksdfl/kj x;kA mlosQ csVs] iksrs (jk.kk izrki) fprkSM+ rks u x,] ijfpRkkSM+ ls vkxs mn;iqj pys x,A jk.kk lkaxk dh iQkStksa osQ gkjs gq,flikgh vkt Hkh ml dle dks dk;e j[krs gq, xkfM+;k yqgkjksa osQ:i esa xkao&xkao dh Bksdjsa [kkrs ?kwers&fiQjrs ns[ks tk ldrs gSaA [kSj];g rks vrhr vkSj bfrgkl dh ckr gSA vrhr us gekjs orZeku dkscuk;k gS vkSj orZeku osQ vk/kj ij gekjk Hkfo"; cusxkA gesale;&le; ij viuss bfrgkl dks ;kn dj le>rs jguk pkfg,]rkfd ge Hkfo"; osQ ?kkrksa dk f'kdkj u gksaA tks dkSe viuk bfrgklvkSj yM+uk Hkwy tkrh gS] mldk iru r; gSA

jsfxLrku esa ,d ;k=kk

vc ge jktLFkku osQ jsfxLrku osQ Hkwxksy ij mrjsaA iwjk jktLFkkujsfxLrku ugha gSA vjkoyh igkM+ jktLFkku osQ chpksachp ls xqtjrkgqvk bls nks Hkkxksa esa ckaVrk gSA jsfxLrkuh Hkkx vjkoyh osQ mÙkj esagSA

vc lh/s ge Fkkj dh xgjkbZ esa pysaA 1965 esa Hkkjr&ikfdLrkuosQ chp ,d ?keklku ;q¼ gqvk FkkA ;g d'ehj ls 'kq: gksdj iatkcvkSj jktLFkku esa jsfxLrku osQ lhus ij yM+k x;kA ml le; eSatSlyesj dh lhekorhZ pkSdh ikspkuk ij jktLFkku vkEMZ iQkslsZl osQlkFk rSukr Fkk vkSj ?kj Nqêðh ij vk;k gqvk FkkA ;q¼ 'kq: gksrs gh

12

eq>s lans'k feykµ tYnh M~;wVh ij igqapksA ?kj ls eSa tSlyesj gsMDokVZj igqapkA eq>s vkns'k feyk fd vki ;gka ls cl osQ }kjk le(tSlyesj dh ,d rglhy) igqap tkvksA ogka ls vkidks maQV lokj

13

vkdj pkSdh rd ys tk,axsA eSa cl esa cSBdj le igqapkA jkLrs esadksbZ ,d&nks xkao vk, gksaxsA tehu fcYoqQy iFkjhyh FkhA le otSlyesj osQ chp ,d lw[kk [kkyk vk;k] tgka o`{kksa dh gfj;kyhHkjiwj FkhA bl gfj;kyh dk dkj.k crk;k x;k fd dHkh b/j ls ,dunh cgk djrh FkhA ljLorh uke Fkk mldk] tks vkt lw[k xbZ gSAgekjh cl tSlyesj ls pydj yxHkx rhl&pkyhl fdyksehVj nwjle esa lw;kZLr ls FkksMs+ igys tkdj #dhA eSaus ns[kkµ ,d likVeSnku osQ ml ikj fo'kky igkM+ tSls Vhys ij lw;Z ;ksa cSBs eqLoqQjkjgs Fks] tSls vc m/j jkr dh xksn esa Nykax yxkus gh okys gksaA ,duhjo 'kkafrµ u dksbZ tho] u dksbZ tUrq++_ flok; mu pkj&ikap yksxksaosQ tks vHkh&vHkh cl ls mrjdj nwj eSnku esa tkrs utj vk jgs FksAblosQ vykok nks iDosQ edku] tks ljdkjh FksA ,d ykokfj'k dejk]ftldh f[kM+fd;ksa o njoktksa ij fdokM+ ugha FksA muesa dksbZ vknehgksus osQ fpUg utj ugha vk jgs FksA eSa vosQyk [kM+k lksp jgk Fkk fdvc D;k d:a ] dgka tkmaQA ,d jhy&lh ?kwe jgh Fkh tYnh&tYnhesjs eu esaA ,d osQ ckn ,d fopkj vk jgs FksA eq>s viuk?kj&ifjokj ;kn vk;kA ;gka nwj dgha nwj eSa D;ksa [kM+k gwa] dgka tkjgk gwa! ns'k lsok&djus\ pyks] esjs ns'k osQ le>nkj o lH; yksxks],slk gh lghA dksbZ ,rjkt ughaA ij eq>s mu yksxksa ij rks ,rjktdjus dk gd gS tks izHkq&iwtk dj ekuo&lsok dj ysrs gSaA igysyksxksa osQ fgLls dk eky vius i{k esa djosQ uaxs djuk] fiQj oL=knkudj iq.; dekukA igys gkFk ls jksVh Nhu ysuk vkSj fiQj fuokyk&fuokyknku nsdj èkeZ dj ysukA

utj mBk osQ ns[krk gwaA ,d Hkou ij cksMZ fpidk gSµ iqfylFkkuk leA le 'kgj osQ vUnj tkrk gwaA ,d flikgh feyrk gSAcrkrk gwa fd eq>s lhekorhZ pkSdh iksphuk tkuk gSA og ml ykokfj'kedku dh rjiQ b'kkjk djosQ crkrk gS fd m/j lkeus pys tkvks]ogka vkrs gSa ckWMZj ,fj;k ls maQV lokj vius yksxksa dks ysus osQ fy,AeSa ogka pyk tkrk gwaA b±Vksa ls cuk ,d lwuk] jk[k ls Hkjk pwYgk iM+k

14

gSA ,d&nks [kkyh ekfpl osQ fMCcs] chM+h osQ caMy osQ mQij dkdkxt] oqQN ydfM+;ka pwYgs osQ ikl gSa] clA vc eSa fiQj lksprkgwaµ jkr dgka o oSQls xqtkjh tk,xhA ;|fi Fkkuk ikl esa Fkk] eSa HkhvkEMZ iQkslZ esa Fkk_ ysfdu ekywe ugha D;ksa] ml le; yxk vkSjvkt Hkh yxrk gS fd iqfyl vkneh dh dksbZ lgk;rk ugha djldrh gSA

eSa ,d iRFkj ij cSB tkrk gwaA vaf/;kjk xgjkrk tk jgk gS vkSjvka/h vka[kksa esa /wy >ksad jgh gSA lkFk gS lUukVs dks phjrh gqbZ ,dlka;&lka; dh vkoktA FkksM+h nsj ckn va/sjs dks phjrs gq, rhu&pkjyksx vk,] tks esjh gh pkSdh ij rSukr yksx FksA os Hkh Nqêðh dkVdj?kj ls vk, FksA vc lkjk cks> o fpUrk gYdh gks xbZA lc osQ iklviuk&viuk [kkuk Fkk] ftls lc ?kj ls ysdj pys FksA lcus [kk;k]ikuh Fkkus ls ys vk,A lks x,A lqcg pkj&pkj vaxqy jsr gj vknehosQ fcLrj ij FkhA ;gka yxkrkj fcuk #osQ ikap&Ng efgus rwiQkuhvkaf/;ka pyrh gSaA ckdh bykdksa esa yksx ftruk ued ugha [kkrs]b/j mruh rks jkst jsr [kk tkrs gSaA

lqcg rd dksbZ maQV ysdj ugha vk;kA ge pkj vkneh iSnygh jokuk gksrs gSaA mu rhu osQ ikl ikuh dh osQryh Fkh Hkjh gqbZAlikV eSnku dks djhc ,d fdyksehVj ikj djus osQ ckn iRFkjksa lscuh ,d izkÑfrd nhokj vkbZ lkeusµ djhc ikap ls nl iQhVmaQphA ml ij p<+us osQ ckn lcls igys lSdM+ksa >ksifM+;ka [kM+hfn[kha ,d gh txg flj tksM+s] ftudh f[kM+fd;ka cUn FkhaA dksbZvkneh u Fkk ogkaA ;g le xkao FkkA ij dgka x, buosQ ckf'kUns] geesa ls fdlh dks Hkh oqQN irk u FkkA mudh HksM+&cdfj;ka] maQV vkSjxk;sa jsfxLrku esa dgka gksaxs\ ogka tgka bl le; pjus dks ?kkl gksA;gka osQ yksxksa dk eq[; is'kk i'kq&ikyu gSA [ksrh ogka ugha gksrh]D;ksafd cjlkr rks ;gka ekewyh gksrh gSA

eq[; :i ls nks izdkj osQ Vhys Fksµ ,d rks igkM+&lh maQpkbZ

15

fy,] vkSj nwljs tehu osQ mQij FkksM+k mHkkj fy, gq, xgjs [kî ós lsgksrs gSaµ ,d osQ ckn ,d vla[;] nl&iUnzg iQhV xgjs] ftudhxksykbZ dk O;kl pkyhl&ipkl iQhV gksrk gSA budh jsr cgqrckjhd] eqyk;e vkSj LoPN gksrh gSA xUnxh] ?kkl&iQwl dk ,dfrudk Hkh u rks ;s vius mQij mxus nsrs gaS vkSj u Bgjus nsrs gSaA

buosQ mQij ls vkneh rks D;k] tkuoj Hkh ikj ugha tk ldrsAiSj j[krs gh vanj /al tkrs gaSA bUgsa fgykdj fudkyus dh T;ksa&T;ksadksf'k'k dh tkrh gS vkSj xgjkbZ esa èkalrs tkrs gSaA budh yackbZ&pkSM+kbZehyksa&ehy gksrh gSA gekjs lkeus ,slk gh ,d Vhyk FkkA gesa bldkpDdj yxkdj ml ikj tkuk FkkA ge lqcg pys Fks fnu esaA ,d&nksct x, yxkrkj pyrs&pyrsA jkLrs esa u rks dksbZ xkao vk;k] u dksbZvkneh feyk] u fdlh i'kq&i{kh osQ n'kZu gq,A pkjsd cts ,d Vhysij ,d cqf<+;k vkSj nlsd cjl dh ,d yM+dh cSBh feyh] ftUgksauspkj&ikap ch?ks [ksr esa cktjs ;k oqQN nwljh iQly cks j[kh FkhA bllsigys [ksrh dk dksbZ fpUg u ns[kkA ge mu nksuksa osQ ikl tkdj T;ksagh [kM+s gq,] nksuksa Hk;Hkhr gks mBhaA yM+dh dh vka[kksa esa Hk; ong'kr lkiQ >yd jgh FkhA og eka dh xksn esa nqcdus dh ukdkedksf'k'k dj jgh FkhA ckr esjh le> esa vk jgh FkhA eSaus lkfFk;ksa lsdgk] ¶gesa ;gka T;knk nsj ugha #duk pkfg,] D;ksafd ;s Hk;HkhrgaSA¸ ge ogka ls jokuk gks x,A pyrs&pyrs lw;kZLr dk le; vkx;k] ij dksbZ xkao ;k vkneh ugha vk;k lkeusA jkr vkus okyh FkhAvc gekjh osQrfy;ksa esa ikuh Hkh u FkkA Hkw[k Hkh lrkus yxh FkhA eSausfutZu ou dh ,slh dgkfu;ka i<+ j[kh Fkha fd ,d ckj jsfxLrku esanks ;k=kh HkVd x,] rks b/j ls m/j Hkkxrs&nkSM+rs vkf[kj esa ikuh osQvHkko esa py clsA eq>s oqQN ,slh gh dgkuh ;kn vkus yxh Fkh[;kyksa esaA vpkud gekjs lkeus jkg esa ,d oqaQvka vk;k] ftlosQvkl&ikl tehu ij rktk ikuh osQ fc[kjs gksus osQ fpUg ekStwn Fks]tkuojksa vkSj vknfe;ksa osQ in&fpUg Hkh Fks] ij oaqQ,a ij ikuh dkdksbZ lk/u u FkkA gekjh vkl tkxh fd dgha vkl&ikl dksbZ cLrh

16

17

gSA ge bu i'kqvksa vkSj vknfe;ksa osQ in&fpUgksa dk ihNk djrs&djrsogka igqap tk,axsA

vaf/;kjk c<+rk tk jgk FkkA FkksM+h nwj pyus ij ,d maQps Vhysdh rygVh esa pkj&ikap >ksiM+s feysA pkjksa rjiQ jsr dh nhokj cuhFkh maQph&maQphA geus tc vanj izos'k fd;k rks ns[kkµ ,d 6-5iQhV yack&rxM+k eqlyeku toku] nks ukStoku yM+fd;ka] tks 'kk;nmldh ifRu;ka FkhaA os ,d ckj osQ ckn utj ugha vkb±A toku usgekjk Lokxr fd;kA >ksiM+k cgqr cM+k Fkk] dykRed :i ls cukgqvk FkkA vanj yxHkx ikap&lkr cM+s&cM+s iyax fcNs gq, FksA yxrkFkk] tSls toku lk/u&lEiUu gSA ml le; rks eq>s dksbZ tkudkjhugha Fkh] ysfdu vc lksprk gwa fd lhekorhZ bykdksa esa ,sls gh yksxdjrs gSa rLdjhA ml le; lhek osQ vkj&ikj tkuk cM+k vklkudke FkkA dksbZ daVhys rkjksa dh ckM+ ugha FkhA i'kq/u Hkkjr dkikfdLrku esa] ikfdLrku dk Hkkjr esa vklkuh ls vkrk&tkrk jgrkFkkA nks pkSfd;ksa osQ chp dh nwjh ikap&nl fdyksehVj dh jgrh FkhAchp ls maQV D;k] pkgs gkFkh osQ gkFkh fudy tk,a vklkuh lsA eSausns[kk rks ugha] ij lquk gS fd ;gka osQ yksx jksVh rks fnu esa ,d ckjgh cukrs&[kkrs gSa] ckdh HksM+ksa] xk;ksa o maQVfu;ksa dk nw/ o NkNihdj dke pyk ysrs gSaA gj ifjokj osQ ikl oqQN u oqQN ek=kk esalksuk fey gh tkrk gSµ cgqr ifjokjksa esa rks fdyks osQ fglkc lsAbudk [kpkZ cgqr de vkSj i'kq/u dh vkenuh [kwc jgh gSA b/j;g dgrs lquk x;k fd nqfu;k esa dksbZ ,slk Hkh bykdk gS D;k] tgkai'kq o vkneh vk,a vkSj vius&vki ikuh ihdj pys tk,a\

[kSj] ge pkjikb;ksa ij vkjke djus yxsA ukStoku us gels dksbZckr ugha dh] u geus dksbZ c;ku ysus dh t:jr le>hA tc [kkukcu x;k rks pkj cM+s&cM+s dkSlh osQ viQxku dVksjkas esa ,d&,d iko?kh] nks&nks cktjs dh jksfV;ka yxkdj j[k nh xb± lkeusA lkFk okyksaus crk;k fd ,d jksVh ?kh esa pwj osQ [kk yks] nwljh jksVh osQ fy,nw/ vk,xkA oSlk gh fd;kA jkr dks lks x,] lqcg mBdj jokuk gks

18

x,A ml le; b/j vkSjgekjs bykosQ esa Hkh ?kjksa esapk; cukdj ihus dk dksbZfjokt ugha FkkA dksbZ vleesa jgus okyk vkneh pk;ysdj xkao esa vkrk] cukus

dh fof/ crkrk vkSj dgrkµ ¶;g lnhZ&tqdke esa dke djrh gSA¸

ogka ls pydj ge maQps Vhyksa ij p<+rs&mrjrs vkxs c<+sA ogkadksbZ Li"V jkLrk ugha cu ikrk gS] D;ksafd fdlh ,d fuf'pr LFkkuls fdlh nwljs fuf'pr LFkku rd tkus okyksa dh ,slh u rks la[;kgS vkSj u dksbZ t:jr tks pyrs&pyrs jkLrk cuk yasA djhc ukS&,dcts fnu esa ge ^owQpM+h* uke osQ ,d xkao esa igqapsA ogka chl&rhl?kj Fks nfyrksa osQA enZ nks&,d gh FksA vkSjrsa ?kjksa esa t:j utj vkjgh FkhaA ikuh rks geus ml ukStoku osQ ?kj ls Hkj fy;k Fkk viuhosQrfy;ksa esaA vc gesa Hkw[k yxh Fkh] lks ge [kkus dh ryk'k esa FksAxkao esa jksVh cgqr de Fkh] D;ksafd vukt ;gka eqf'dy ls igqaprkFkkA yksx cgqr fdiQk;r ls vUu dk mi;ksx dj jgs Fks] Mjrs&MjrsAfnu Hkj esa ,d jksVh vkSj ckdh NkN] nw/&nghA geus jksVh osQ fy,dksf'k'k dhA ,d&,d ?kj osQ njokts ij tkdj iwNkµ jksVh gS\ rksvkSjrsa] ekywe ugha 'keZ ls ;k fiQj Mj ls] tokc nsus dh ctk; ?kjesa ?kql tkuk Bhd le> jgh FkhaA

ge ogka ls vkxs jokuk gks x,A Vhsys ij p<+rs rks jsfxLrku dkfoLrkj gesa mRlkg nsrk o fopkjksa dks mM+kuA T;ksa gh Vhys ls uhpsmrjrs nqfu;k fleVdj gekjs iSjksa esa vk tkrhA 'kk;n gj vknehlhfer nk;js dks ugha] maQpkb;ksa vkSj foLrkj dks gh ilUn djrk gSAvkneh dk yksosQ'ku ftruh maQpkbZ ij gksxk] mlosQ fopkj Hkh mrusgh maQps vkSj foLr`r gkssaxsA vki vxj [kîós esa cSBdj lkspasxs rks fopkjHkh 'kjhj vkSj vUrjkRek esa fleVdj jg tk,axsA

19

pyrs&pyrs fnu osQ nks cts osQ yxHkx gekjs lkeus vc rddk lcls fo'kky vkSj maQpk igkM+&lk ,d Vhyk vk;kA bldhp<+kbZ yxHkx ,d fdyksehVj gksxh frjNh&frjNhA ge T;ksa gh blVhys ij igqaps rks lkeus dk n`'; ns[kdj vka[kas foLe; ls iSQy xb±µD;k ;g lp gS ;k fiQj dksbZ liuk] tks jkr dks uhan esa rks ugha ns[kktk jgk gS\ oSQls laHko gS bl LFkku ij] tks lkeus fn[kkbZ ns jgk gS]og lc oqQN\

pkjksa rjiQ maQps&maQps Vhyksa ls f?kjk ,d xksykdkj eSnku] tksgfj;y ?kkl ls yckyc Hkjk gS] tSls lkjs jsfxLrku dk thou ;gkavk x;k gksA txg&txg fn[kkbZ ns jgs Fks lwjt dh frjNh iM+rhlqugjh fdj.kksa osQ uhps pjrs xk;ksa osQ >q.M] cdfj;ksa] HksM+ksa] maQVksa]vkfn osQ Vksy osQ Vksy vkSj chp&chp esa jax&fcjaxh iks'kkd igusMksyrs enZ vkSj vkSjrsaA eSnku osQ Bhd chp esa ikuh dh ,d NksVh>hy FkhA blosQ fdukjksa ij cSBs Fks liQsn NksVs cxqysA eSa lksprk ghjg x;k fd nks fnu yxkrkj tks Hkw&n`'; ns[krk vk;k gwa] blosQ xHkZesa ;g oSQlk vpEHkk gS! izÑfr osQ vius vuks[ks :i o Lo:i gSaAbudks bUlku tc igyh ckj ns[krk gS rks vk'p;Zpfdr gksus osQvykok vkSj gks Hkh D;k ldrk gS! bPNk gqbZ fd ;gha cSBkjgwa] vkxs u tkmaQA

ysfdu etcwjh FkhA ge jokuk gq, FkksM+hnsj lqLrkus osQ cknA ge ml eSnku& tksrhu&pkj fdyksehVj yEck&pkSM+k rks gksxkghµ dks ikj dj x, rks dBksj tehudk ,d lw[kk likV eSnkuvk;kA blesa vla[; thotehu [kksndj viusfcy cuk j[ks FksA osvkjke ls fcyksa osQ

20

ckgj viuk eqag fudkys cSBsFks] tSls gekjk gh bUrtkjdj jgs gksaA ge ft/j lsxqtjrs] os gesa ns[krs gh viusfcyksa esa tk fNirsA ;s lkaMkuke osQ tUrq Fks] ftuls cukrsy ukenZxh dks [kRe djus

osQ uke ij cktkjksa esa fcdrk gSA ;gka 'kk;n tehu esa ueh Fkh]blhfy, tho Fks bl eSnku esaA blosQ ckn fiQj Vhyksa dks ikjdjrs&djrs lw;kZLr dk le; gks x;kA lkeus fdlh cLrh osQ gksus dhlaHkkouk u FkhA ,d vk'kadk vkSj FkhA vkt jkr vxj lkeus pyrsgh x, rks dgha ,slk u gks fd cksMZj ikj dj ikfdLrku esa tk ?kqlsaAlka> f?kj vk;h FkhA nks Vhyksa dh ?kkVh osQ chp xk;ksa dk ,d >q.Mfeyk lkeus ls vkrk gqvkA ;g bl ckr dk laaosQr Fkk fd vkxs dksbZcLrh gSA nwj dgha nwj ls ,d x/s osQ cksyus dh vkokt lqukbZ nhA;g bl ckr dk lwpd Fkh fd vkxs vkSj cLrh gSA ge T;ksa gh ,dfo'kky Vhys dh pksVh ij p<+s rks fiQj vk'p;Z! bl bykosQ esa Vhysdh rygVh esa ,d vU; lqUnj NksVk&lk uxj clk gqvk Fkk] tksfctyh dh jax&fcjaxh jks'kfu;ksa esa ugk;k FkkA 'kkunkj js'keh rEcqvksaosQ edku] chpksa&chp jkLrs esa eksVh&eksVh pVkb;ka fcNh gqb±A ;gD;ksa o oSQls Fkk ;gka\ ;gka osQ ckf'kUns yEcs] iwjs Ng iQhV osQ Hkwjstoku Fks tks ns[kus esa ;wjksfi;u yx jgs FksA irk pyk fd ;s dksbZÚkalhlh dEiuh osQ yksx gSa] tks vks-,u-th-lh- osQ lkFk feydj blbykosQ esa rsy&xSl vkfn dh [kkst djus esa yxs gq, gaSA ge muosQcjkcj ls vkxs fudy x,A vc /qa/ydk gks pyk FkkA D;k djsavc\

gesa nwj] dgha nwj] gekjs vkxs fdlh ,d Vhys ij ,d maQphxqeVh&lh cuh fn[kkbZ ns jgh Fkh] tks bu lhekorhZ pkSfd;ksa ijvks-ih-osQ- fy, cukbZ tkrh gSa] tgka [kM+k gksdj larjh pkjksa rjiQ

21

pkSdl fuxkgsa Mkyrs gq, j{kk dk nkf;Ro fuHkkrk gSA gekjs ,d lkFkhus FkSys ls VkWpZ fudkyh vkSj maQps vkleku esa jks'kuh isaQdhA vkdk'kesa jks'kuh dk ,d LrEHk [kM+k gks x;kA rRdky lkeus ls bldktokc vk;k fd b/j vk tkvksA vc gekjs lkeus ,d vkSj vk'kadkFkh fd gks ldrk gS] ;g iksLV ikfdLrku dk gksA geus lkspkµ pyks]utnhd pyus ij gh igpku ik,axs fd ge dgka gSaA ge Vhys lsuhps mrjs vkSj vkleku fiQj NksVk&lk gks x;kA FkksM+h gh nsj ckn iwoZls Hkwjh jsr ij viuh lqugjh fdj.ksa fc[ksjus dks pkan mrjk vkSj lcoqQN 'kkar Hkwjs pedhys :i esa cnyus yxkA FkksM+h nwj pyus ij T;ksagh jsr B.Mh gqbZ] lkaiksa dk lkezkT; vk;kA jsr ij vla[; lkaiA dbZvkjke iQjek jgs Fks rks dbZ vkil esa dyksy djrs gq, xqRFke&xqRFkkgks jgs FksA bl n`'; dks ns[kdj eSa dkai x;k vkSj vpkud fBBddj#d x;kA gekjs lkFk okyksa esa ls ,d lkFkh budk LoHkko tkurk FkkAog cksyk&¶Mjks er] vk tkvksA bUgsa Hkh viuh tku [kwc I;kjh gSAgekjs iSjksa dh vkgV ikdj os Hkkx tk,axs b/j&mèkj viuk th cpkusosQ fy,A¸ vkSj ?kql x, ge ekSr osQ bu lkSnkxjksa osQ chpA oSlk ghgqvk] tSlk ml lkFkh us dgk FkkA lkai vius&vki b/j&m/jHkkxdj gesa jkLrk ns jgs FksA ;g fLFkfr dksbZ ,d fdyksehVj rdjghA fiQj 'kkar bykdk vk x;kA ,d NksVh&lh igkM+h Hkh [kM+h Fkh;gka vioknLo:iA geus fiQj vkdk'kesa izdk'k isaQdk VkWpZ lsA lkeus ls tokcysrs&nsrs ge iksphuk xkao osQ utnhdpys x,] vkSj pqipki ,d lkFkh dksjSdh ([kkst) djus Hkstk fd irk yxkvks]D;k ;g ogha xkao o iksLV gS tgka gesaigqqapuk gSA og xkao osQ utnhd x;kAns[kk] ?kjksa dks igpkuk vkSj vk'oLrgksdj okil vk;kA cksykµ ¶vk tkvks]gekjk gh iksLV gSA¸

22

Hkkjr&ikd lhek

tc vki gekjs lkFk ;gka rd vk gh x, Bhd lhek ij rks fiQjvkxs vkSj D;k gqvk og Hkh lqu yhft,A ;q¼ 'kq: gks pqdk FkkHkkjr&ikfdLrku osQ chp] vxLr&flrEcj 1965 esaA loky mBrkgS] ;g ;q¼ D;ksa gqvk Fkk\ gekjs ns'k esa lkaiznkf;d naxksa vkSjHkkjr&ikfdLrku osQ chp ;q¼ksa dh uhao Lora=krk&laxzke osQ nkSjku ghj[kus yxs Fks lkezkT;oknhA Bhd Lora=krk nsrs gh j[k nh Fkh nksuksa ns'kksaosQ chp ;q¼ksa dh uhaoA è;ku jgs] vaxzstksa us ,d Hkkjr dks ugha fd;kFkk vktkn] cfYd ns'k esa NksVh&NksVh lSdM+ksa fj;klrksa dks nh Fkh ;gvktknhA os tgka tkuk pkgsa tk,a] Lora=k gSaA Hkkjr esa tk,a] ikfdLrkuesa tk,a] vkSj pkgsa rks Lora=k Hkh jg ldrh gSa nksuksa osQ chp esaA bllc oqQN osQ ihNs mudh ea'kk ;g Fkh fd tc dHkh t:jr iM+snksckjk nqfu;k osQ iSekus ij 'kklu djus dh rks ;g vkilh iwQV]fgUnw&eqlyeku naxs&iQlkn] Hkkjr&ikd osQ chp osQ ;q¼ b/j vkusesa vklkuh iznku dj losaQ] vkSj vkt ;g ckr lp fn[k jgh gSAvc rd lkezkT;oknh vius fe'ku esa liQy gSaA

gka] rks 1965 esa Hkkjr&ikfdLrku osQ chp ;q¼ blfy, gqvk Fkkfd d'ehj osQ oqQN fgLls ij vpkud

geyk djosQ mls dCts esa ys fy;ktk, vkSj mls vktkn djk fy;k tk,A

ikfdLrku osQ fglkc lsµmuosQ ikl tks d'ehj gS ogvktkn gS vkSj Hkkjr osQ ikltks d'ehj gS og xqyke gSAigys ?kqliSfB;ksa dks izos'kdjk;k x;k] ftudks lclsigys lisjksa osQ :i esa ns[kkx;k lksiksj osQ vkl&iklA ekukx;k fd 'kk;n ;s iwoh Z

23

ikfdLrkuh yksx FksA ikfdLrku dh ;kstuk Fkh fdbuosQ tfj, vanj rksM+iQksM+ djokdj iqy] jksM]vkfn dks èoLr djok fn;k tk, vkSj m/j lsikfdLrkuh lsuk geyk djsA dkjfxy {ks=k ijdCtk djrs gq,] vkxs ysg rd tkus okyh lM+dij dCtk djosQ 'ks"k d'ehj ls mls vyx djfy;k tk,xkA bl nkSjku ?kqliSfB;s turk dksHkM+dkdj lsuk osQ lkFk iQlkn [kM+k djsaxsA

T;ksa gh ;g ;q¼ d'ehj esa 'kq: gqvk vkSjlsuk ij ncko c<+k] rks Hkkjrh; dek.Mjksa us ,d vkSj ekspkZ iatkcesa] Bhd ykgkSj osQ lkeus] [kksy fn;k rkfd ikd lsukvksa dks ihNs ls?ksjk tk losQA ;g ekspkZ viuh dk;Zokgh bruh rst xfr ls djus yxkfd ns[krs gh ns[krs Hkkjrh; lsuk,a ikfdLrku esa bPNksxhy ugj dksikj djosQ ykgkSj osQ utnhd tk igqaphaA ,d vkSj rhljk ekspkZjktLFkku esa ckM+esj xM+jk jksM Hkqukcko dh rjiQ [kksydj gekjhlsuk,a cM+h rst xfr ls vkxs c<+us yxhaA vc ikd lsuk,a d'ehjysuk Hkwy xb± vkSj mUgsa viuk cpko djuk eqf'dy gks x;kA iatkcvkSj jktLFkku nksuksa gh ekspksZ ij gekjh lsuk,a ikfdLrku esa dkiQh nwjrd vanj pyh xbZ FkhaA ykgkSj Hkkjrh; rksiksa dh jsat esa FkkA jktLFkkuesa gekjh lsuk,a ikfdLrkuh dLck xM+jk lhVh ls vkxs tk igqaph FkhaA

L=kh&iq#"k dh fLFkfr

b/j tc cPpk iSnk gksrk gS rks [kq'kh esa lcls igys pkanh osQdM+ksa ls dkSls (dkals) dh Fkkyh ctkbZ tkrh gSA ?kj }kj osQ nksuksarjiQ nks fpUg cuk, tkrs gSa& ,d lw;Z dk vkSj nwljk LofLrd dkA(;g LofLrd tSfu;ksa dk viuk izrhd fpUg gSA fgVyj dk Hkh ;ghizrhd fpUg Fkk] ysfdu mYVk fd;k gqvkA)

cPph dks nwljs ntsZ dk gd gkfly gSA cPph iSnk gksus ij ekavius&vkidks ijs'kku eglwl djrh jgh gSA vc rks cfPp;ksa dh

24

lqj{kk osQ fy, Hkzw.k&gR;k osQ f[kykiQdkuwu Hkh cu x;k] fiQj Hkh cPphisV esa gh tkap dj ckgj dj nhtkrh gSA ;g fdlkuh djus okyhtkfr;ksa esa T;knk gksrk gS] ysfdu vc

ckdh dkSekas vkSj czkã.k&cfu;ksa esa Hkh yM+fd;ksa dk vuqikr de gksusyxk gSA bl dkj.k toku yM+osQ fcuk 'kknh gh jgus yxs gSaA os ckdhlekt osQ fy, v'kkfUr iSnk djus osQ vk/kj curs tk jgs gSaA?kqeDdM+ tkfr;ksa esa ;g deh ugha gSA

'kknh osQ le; ngst dk izpyu [kwc gSA ngst dks ysdj blvkfFkZd ;qx esa ekjk&ekjh gks jgh gSA yM+dh ,d leL;k le>h tkrhgSA vkSjrsa ifr osQ fy, ozr&miokl j[krh gSaA os izkFkZuk djrh gaS fdgs Hkxoku] bls ftUnk j[kukA enZ vkSjr osQ fy, dksbZ ozr&miokl;k izkFkZuk ugha djrk] tcfd vc mudh Hkkjh deh o t:jreglwl gks jgh gSA gkyr ;g gS fd egkjk"Vª vkfn osQ vkfnoklhbykdksa ls yM+fd;ka [kjhndj b/j ykbZ tk jgh gaSA

deZdkaM esa iaQlk lekt

cw<s+ vkneh dh ekSr osQ ckn b/j iafMr ukS&nl fnu yxkrkj^x#M+ iqjk.k* lqukrk gSA lkjk oqQuck] fj'rsnkj mlosQ pkjksa rjiQcSBdj ekSr osQ 'kkafr&lk;s esa bls lqurs gaSµ bUlku dh mRifÙk lsysdj ekSr osQ ckn LoxZ&ujd esa tkus dh nkLrkuA

egkjkt bl izdkj c;ku djrs gSaµ

,d ckj Hkxoku fo".kq cksys] ¶vgks ukjn] i`Foh ij ikiksa dkHkkj c<+ x;k gSA blls og dkaius yxh gSA vfu"V dh vk'kadk gSA¸

rc ukjn eqfu us gkFk tksM+dj dgk] ¶egkjkt] vxj dksbZ izk.khiki dk Hkkxh cu tk, rks D;k thrs th mlls NqVdkjk lEHko gS\¸

rc Hkxoku fo".kq cksys& ¶vgks ukjn eqfu] vki euq";&ek=k dh

25

HkykbZ osQ fy, cSBs gksA vPNks loky djks gSA rks lquµ vxj dksbZiki djs thrs th rks fiQj czkã.k vkfn dks xmQ&nku nsus ls og ikikasls eqfDr ik ldrk gSA vxj dksbZ ikih ^ukjk;.k&ukjk;.k* mPpkj.kdjs ckj&ckj] gtkj ckj rks ikiksa ls NqVdkjk fey ldrk gSA¸

gj ckr dh rjg yksxksa us bl dFkk&izlax osQ nks vFkZ fudkysAtks rh{.k cqf¼okys pkykd yksx Fks] mUgsa irk pyk fd nku nsus ;kjke&jke djus ls iki /eZ esa cny tkrs gSaA lks os fnu Hkj th&Hkjiki djus yxs vkSj gj lqcg xk;ksa dks ?kkl Mkydj] eafnjksa esa tkdjiwtk&ikB o jke&jke djus yxsA os iki /ksdj ifo=k gksdj fiQjvxys fnu u, iki djus dks rS;kj jgus yxsA tks ftruk cM+k nkuhgS] og mruk gh cM+k ikih gSA

lk/kj.k yksxksa us bldk nwljk vFkZ yxk;kA os ikiksa ls gh nwjjgus yxsA tks lPps] bZekunkj ;k dk;j yksx Fks] os Bxs x, igyhfdLe osQ /ekZRek yksxksa }kjkA

f'k{kk vkSj fdlku&la?k"kZ

caxky vkfn mÙkj&iwohZ bykdksa esa vaxzstksa dk vk/kj FkkA ogkavius lg;ksx osQ fy, mUgksaus yksxksa dks f'k{kk iznku dhA njvlyiwathokn f'k{kk esa viuk fodkl vkSj lkearokn f'k{kk esa viuk iruns[k jgk FkkA vr% lkearokn f'k{kk ls ysdj lM+d] jsy] vkfn lkjsfodkleku vk/kjksa dk tedj fojks/ djrk jgkA vktknh ls igystc fdlku xkao esa LowQy [kksydj vius cPpksa dks i<+kuk pkgrs Fks]rks lkear LowQy rksM+ nsrs FksA Hkkjr esa vleku vkfFkZd fodklvktknh ls igys ls ysdj vktrd lrr ekStwn jgk gSA lkFk gh lkFkjgk gS fofHkUu izkarksa esa vyx&vyx fopkj/kjk o lksp okys yksxksaosQ nyksa dk 'kkluA caxky esa vktknh lsigys tgka lh/k lkezkT;oknh 'kklu Fkk]ogka la?k"kZ Hkh lcls igys 'kq: gqvkAog la?k"kZ lkezkT;okn osQ gh f[kykiQ

26

FkkA ysfdu jktLFkku (ml le; jktiwrkuk) esa gkykr nwljs FksA ogkavaxzsth lÙkk ls turk ;k fdlkuksa dh dksbZ yM+kbZ ugha FkhA

jktiwrkuk osQ lkjs jktk vaxzstksa osQ lkFk ,d lk>h ls ca/s gq,FksA fliZQ Hkjriqj vkSj /kSyiqjµ ;s nks fj;klrsa vaxzstksa osQ dkcw lsckgj FkhaA dkj.k ;g Fkkµ 1803 esa f}rh; vkaXy&ejkBk ;q¼ gqvkftlesa ejkBs gkj x,A gkj osQ ckn ejkBk ljnkj tloar gksYdj

27

Hkjriqj Mhax osQ fdys esa vk fNikA vaxzstksa vkSj Hkjriqj osQ jktk osQchp ;q¼ gqvk vkSj vaaxzst igyh ckj Hkkjr dh /jrh ij ;q¼ gkjx,A Hkjriqj esa gj xkao ,d lSfud bdkbZ Fkh] lks turk VwV iM+rhFkh nq'eu ijA

caxky] iatkc] vkfn dh ?kVukvksa ls izsfjr gksdj Hkjriqj osQ'kkldksa us iq"dj esa lhdj] >qa>quw vkSj pq: osQ fdlkuksa dk lEesyufd;k vkSj mUgsa lkezkT;okfn;ksa osQ f[kykiQ la?k"kZ djus dks mdlk;kAbl lEesyu ij t;iqj osQ jktk vkSj vaxzst nksuksa dh utjsa FkhaA bunksuksa osQ lkeus leL;k ;g Fkh fd b/j osQ lkear u rks t;iqj osQjktk dks vkSj u gh vaxzstksa dks dksbZ f[kjkt nsrs FksA

lkezkT;okfn;ksa us ,d rhj ls dbZ f'kdkj djus osQ bjkns lsfcM+ykvksa osQ ekiZQr vk;Z lekft;ksa dks dk;Z'kkyk vk;ksftr dj]xhr] dgkfu;ksa] vkfn osQ tfj, izf'kf{kr djosQ fdlkuksa osQ chpmrkjkA lkearokn vkSj czkã.kokn osQ f[kykiQ izpkj dj mUgksaus crk;kfd rqEgkjs lcls cM+s nq'eu lkear gSa] ftuosQ ikl rqEgkjh tehuksa dkvf/dkj gSA mUgksaus crk;k fd lkear fdlkuksa dks ywVrs gSa vkSjczkã.koknh bl ywV o vR;kpkj esa ekufld rkSj ij fdlkuksa dksew[kZ cukrs gSaA bl rjg fdlkuksa osQ HkkX; esa esgur vkSj Hkw[k ghfy[kh gS] ogh gksrk gS tks jke pkgrk gS] HkkX; vkSj U;k; lwjt dhfdj.kksa osQ lkFk mrjrs gSa] vkfn&vkfnA lkezkT;okfn;ksa us lkearokndks èoLr o ijkLr djus osQ fy, vk;Z lekft;ksa ls fdlkuksa osQ chplekt&lq/kj o f'k{kk dk izpkj djok;kA blls fdlkuksa esa f'k{kk dh,d T;ksfr tkx mBhA os i<+us osQ fy, xkaoksa esa LowQy cukrs] fcM+ykvè;kid HkstrsA ml nkSjku fryd f'k{kk lfefr] ekjokM+h fjyhiQlkslk;Vh] vkfn us lg;ksx fd;k f'k{kk osQ izlkj esaA lkear LowQyksa dks<gk nsrsA bl rjg la?k"kZ 'kq: gks x;k f'k{kk osQ fy,A fdlkuksa dkslkezkT;okfn;ksa dh 'kg ij tkfr osQ vk/kj ij laxfBr fd;k x;kAtkV iapk;rsa cukbZ xb±] tks b/j jktiwr lkearkas ls Vdjkb±A tehu osQ

28

loky ij 1935 esa t;iqj osQ jktk dh iQkStysdj vaxzst dekaMj us lhdj ij geyk djosQ;gka osQ lkear dks fxjÝrkj dj fy;kA fdlkuksa us[kqf'k;ka eukb± vkSj lkear osQ fo#¼ t;iqj osQjktk o vaxzstksa dk lg;ksx fd;kA vaxzst dekaMjksa

us fdlkuksa ls oknk fd;k fd os mUgsa tehu dk gd fnyk nsaxsA tcns'k esa lkezkT;okfn;ksa osQ f[kykiQ la?k"kZ py jgk Fkk ml le;(1935 esa) lhdj esa lh/k vaxzst viQlj dk 'kklu gqvk] tks oqQNfnu ckn gh ,d Hkkjrh; dks mPp in lkSaidj okil vius fBdkusij pyk x;kA

tc lhdj ij vaxzstksa dk 'kklu dk;e gks x;k rks vk;Z lekthviuk cksfj;k&fcLrj lesVdj jokuk gks x,] ;g dgrs gq, fd vcgekjk dke gks x;kA 'kh?kz gh iapk;rsa Hkax dj nh xb±A 1947 esafdlku lHkk dk xBu dj fdlku la?k"kks± dks vkxs tkjh j[kk x;kvkSj lkearksa osQ lkFk tehuksa osQ fy, [kwuh la?k"kZ gq,A ftl tehu dksos tksrrs Fks] vktknh osQ ckn blh la?k"kZ osQ cy ij mUgsa mldk[kkrsnkjh dk gd feykA

ikuh % la?k"kZ] i;kZoj.k vkSj ftí

;gka ikuh jkst cM+s la?k"kZ osQ ckn izkIr gksrk jgk gSA igysjsfxLrku esa ikuh xgjs oqaQ,a [kksndj ;k fiQj rkykcksa esa HkaMkj djosQizkIr fd;k tkrk FkkA vktknh osQ ckn iatkc ls pydj gfj;k.kk gksrhgqbZ jktLFkku ugj guqekux<+] xaxkuxj] chdkusj vkfn osQ jsfxLrkudks phjrh gqbZ tSlyesj osQ jkex<+ dLcs rd xbZA jsfxLrku esa ikuhfeyuk vklku gqvkA lkFk gh bl ugj osQ ikuh us jktLFkku osQfdlkuksa esa ,d la?k"kZ dks tUe fn;kA bl jsfxLrku esa ikuh dhcM+h&cM+h >hysa Hkh gSa] ftuls vktrd ;gka osQ cM+s&cM+s 'kgj ihusdk ikuh izkIr djrs jgs gSaA gj cM+s 'kgj osQ vklikl dksbZ u dksbZikuh dh >hy jgh gSA (tSls] chdkusj osQ ikl dksyk;r] tks/iqj osQ

29

ikl dk;ykuk] vtesj osQ ikl iq"dj] t;iqj osQ ikl jkex<+]mn;iqj osQ ikl fiNksyk >hyA) ysfdu vc ;s >hyas chekj vkSjcw<+h gksdj ne rksM+rh tk jgh gSaA ikuh dk vc u;k bUrtke gks jgkgS u, cka/ cukdjA ifj.kker% ufn;ka ne rksM+ jgh gSaA jsfxLrku esadbZ txg tehu dh xgjkbZ ls [kkjk (ued&;qDr) ikuh fudyrk gS]tks ihus yk;d ugha gksrkA oqQN txgsa ,slh Hkh gSa] tgka tehu osQ uhpspkj lkS iqQV xgjkbZ ls ikuh fudkyk tkrk gSA ;g ml ikuh osQeqdkcys bruk LoPN] Lokfn"V vkSj LokLF;o¼Zd gS tks tehu osQmQij vklkuh ls fey tkrk gSA

iznw"k.k tu&thou osQ fy, cgqr cM+k [krjk gSA ;g bykdk(jsfxLrku) m|ksxksa osQ fy, ekfiQd u gksus osQ dkj.k vc rdviuh gok (tks nwj ikfdLrku dh rjiQ ls vkrh gS lhek,a yka?krhgqbZ) dks LoPN cuk, gq, gS] Bhd mlh vuqikr esa ftruh fgeky;dh gok BaMh o LoPN gSA ikuh o i;kZoj.k dks b/j yksxksa esa tkudh ckth yxkdj Hkh cpk ysus dh ijaijk jgh gSA vkt Hkh og ejhugha gS] cfYd dbZ xquk T;knk tks'k osQ lkFk ftUnk gSA

tks/iqj osQ ikl ,d xkao gS [kstM+hA ogka osQ yksx jktkvksa osQjkt esa ^tkWVh* o`{k dks cpkus osQ fy, oqQckZuh nsrs jgsA dgrs gSa fdyksx ,d osQ ckn ,d ml tkWVh osQ isM+ osQ lkFk fyiV tkrsA os bUgsaviuh ckgksa esa ysrsA dkVus okys isM+ ugha balku osQ flj] 'kjhj vkSjgkFkksa dks dkVrsA dgrs gSa fd yxHkx 125 vknfe;ksa us oqQYgkfM+;ksaosQ uhps vius flj nsdj ,d o`{k dks cpk;kA fgj.kksa osQ Vksy osQVksy [ksrksa esa [kM+h [ksrh cckZn djrs jgrs gSa] ysfdu b/j osQ fdlkubu i'kqvksa osQ izfr yxko osQ dkj.k f'kdkfj;ksa dks mUgsa ekjus ughansrsA vxj bUgsa dksbZ ekjus dh dksf'k'k djrk gS] rks os eqdkcys esaviuh tku dh ckth yxk nsrs gSaA ftí buosQ LoHkkoesa gSA lH; vkneh osQ fy, ;g ?kkVs dk lkSnk gSAvxj lH; yksxksa dh rjg ;s yksx (fdlku) le>nkjhls dke ysdj la?k"kZ ls cp fudysaa] rks u rks [ksrh

30

31

laHko gS vkSj u maQV&?kksM+k vkfn dks vius dkcw esa ysdj mu ijlokjhA [ksr esa iQly osQ lkFk la?k"kZ djrs gq, fnu esa dbZ ckj [kwu[kky ls ckgj vkdj vkalqvksa dh rjg Vidrk gS] vkSj og ftíhvkneh mÝiQ rd ugha djrkA ;g dVs gq, Hkkx dks eqag esa ysdjpwl ysrk gS] ml ij jsr yxkrk gS vkSj rRdky dke esa tqV tkrkgSA vxj ?kko ckgj gS] rks diM+s dh iêðh ;k fiQj vkWd (,dikS/k) dh Nky cka/dj rRdky dke esa tqV tkrk gSA og vKkuhgSA mls VhVul vkfn dh vHkh dksbZ T;knk tkudkjh ugha gS] vr%mls Hk; Hkh ugha gSA vxj 'kjhj Hk;Hkhr ugha gS] rks mlesa dhVk.kqHkh T;knk nsj ftUnk ugha jg ldrsA 'kjhj LoLFk jgus osQ fy, viuhyM+kbZ [kqn Hkh yM+rk gSA

,d vo/kj.kk gS fd vxyk fo'o&;q¼ ikuh osQ fy, gksxkAikuh osQ fy, fdruk D;k gksxk] exj rsy osQ fy, rks ;q¼ gks pqdkgSA ikuh osQ fy, b/j jktLFkku esa la?k"kZ gSA bu rhu&pkj lkyksa esaikuh osQ fy, la?k"kZ osQ nkSjku djhc 25 yksx ljdkj dh ykfB;ksa oxksfy;ksa osQ f'kdkj gq, gSaA

i'kq vkSj fdlku dk fj'rk

bl ns'k osQ fdlkuksa dks fodkl osQ uke ij gh ugha] /eZ osQuke ij Hkh [kwc cckZn fd;k x;kA fdlkuksa dks /eZ dh nqgkbZ nsdjdgk x;k fd ckdh i'kqvksa (HkaSl&cdjh vkfn) osQ eqdkcys xk;ekrk gS] mldks cpkdj j[kuk /eZ gS] vkSj b/j jsfxLrku esa dkuwucuk fn;k x;k fd xk; vkSj cNM+ksa (tks rhu lky ls NksVs gSa) dksns'k osQ nwljs fgLlksa esa ugha Hkstk tk ldrk gSA igys i'kq/u dkscspdj fdlku viuh vkthfodk pykrk FkkA bl dkuwu osQ cknmlosQ lkeus ladV [kM+k gks x;k& vc D;k djs] xk; o cNM+ksa dksD;ksa ikys\ xk;ksa osQ thou ij ladV [kM+k gks x;kA vkokjk xk;sa jkrdks fdlkuksa osQ [ksrksa esa [kM+h iQlyksa dks iSjksa rys jkSa/rs gq, cckZndjus yxhaA rc rRooknh yksxksa us xk; dks cpk ysus dh xqgkj yxkbZA

32

txg&txg xmQ'kkyk,a cuk nh xb±] tgka vkokjk xk;ksa dh ckM+kcUnhdjosQ mudh O;oLFkk osQ uke ij pank] ljdkjh lgk;rk] Pkkjk]fdjk;k vkfn ysuk ,d u;k O;olk; cu x;kA

pkgs fctyh dk loky gks_ pkgs xaxkuxj] /M+lkuk vkfn esaugjh ikuh dk loky gks_ pkgs xk;&cNM+ksa dh fcØh dk loky gksµbl jsfxLrkuh bykosQ esa 'ks"k Hkkjr ls T;knk gh lfØ; la?k"kZ gksrs jgsgSaA bldk dkj.k ;g jgk gS fd ;gka vktknh osQ le; tehu osQloky ij fdlkuksa us ,d liQy la?k"kZ fd;k vkSj lkearksa ls tehudk gd ,d O;oLFkk&ifjorZu (1947) osQ ckn izkIr fd;kA mlnkSj esa b/j tks fdlku usrk gq,] mudk ekuuk Fkk fd fdlh Hkhla?k"kZ dks thrus osQ fy, eSnku dks yk'kksa ls ikVuk vfuok;Z 'krZ ughagSA la?k"kks± dk vlyh uk;d og gS] tks yM+kbZ yM+us ls igys ghthr ysA

,d ,sls gh la?k"kZ dk uewuk eSa ;gka is'k djus dh dksf'k'kd:a xkµ ftlesa lkai ej x;k vkSj ykBh Hkh ugha VwVhA

bl jsfxLrku esa cM+s&cM+s esys yxrs gSa i'kq/u dks cspus osQfy,A iq"dj dk esyk ,d >hy osQ fdukjs yxrk gSA ;gka ns'k&fons'kosQ lSykuh vkrs gaS esyk ns[kus vkSj yk[kksa ?kksM+s&maQV vkfn vkrs gaSfcdusA blosQ ckn ijcrlj esa cgqr cM+k i'kq&esyk yxrk gSA ;gka,d ohj rstk dk lekf/&LFky gSA blus lkeUrh dky esa xk;ksa dhj{kk esa vius izk.kksa dh vkgqfr nh FkhA vkt yksx nsork osQ :i esabldh iwtk djrs gSaA

1857 osQ laxzke esa Ckkykth ckthjko lhdj] pq: o chdkusjdh lhek ij vaxzst duZy gksEl dh lsukvksa osQ dekaMj estj ekWMosQ lkFk yM+rs gq, 'kghn gq,A vkt lkyklj esa cgqr cM+k ckyk theafnj gSA ;s vc yksd&nsork osQ :i esa iwts tkrs gSaA ;gka lky esanks ckj esyk yxrk gSA ;gka nwj&nwj ls (gfj;k.kk&iatkc ls ysdjvle&caxky rd osQ) ekjokM+h ;k=kh vkrs gSaA [kSjA

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ckr ijcrlj esys dh

b/j esyksa esa tkdj jktusrk Hkk"k.k nsrs jgrs gSa] D;ksafd ogkaJkssrk ekSosQ ij ekStwn fey tkrs gSaA b/j osQ fdlku usrkvksa us Hkhesys osQ ekSosQ ij viuh ckr fdlkuksa osQ lkeus j[khA esys esa gtkjksai'kqikyd fcØsrk jktLFkku ls vkSj xzkgd gfj;k.kk] iatkc] mÙkjizns'k vkSj eè;izns'k rd osQ ekStwn FksA i'kqikyu b/j dk eq[; is'kkgS [ksrh osQ lkFkA

lHkk lekfIr ij gfj;k.kk o mÙkj izns'k dh rjiQ osQ rhu&pkjdk'rdkj ,d lkFk [kM+s gks x, vkSj cksysµ ¶ys HkkbZ] Hkk"k.k HkkSrlw.ks& ij bruk xtc Hkk"k.k vktrd fdlh usrk osQ eqag ls uk lqukAij HkkbZ vosQys Hkk"k.k ls dke uk c.kSA oqQN gekjk dke djosQcrkvks] rc tkdj ekusa fd vki ckdh usrkvksa dh rjg Hkk"k.kcktugha] cfYd vkiesa oqQN djosQ fn[kkus dh {kerk Hkh gSA¸

¶gekjs lkeus ,d cM+h Hkkjh leL;k gS]¸ vc i'kqikyd HkhlHkk osQ chp [kM+s gks x, vkSj cksys] ¶ge xk; o cNM+s ikyrs gSa]ij ljdkj gesa mUgsa cspus ugha nsrh gSA ;s ikys gq, cNM+s vkSj xk;gekjs xys dh iQkalh cu pqosQ gSaA vc ge mudk D;k djsa\¸[kjhnnkjksa us dgk] ¶vxj ge [kjhndj ys tkus dh dksf'k'k djrsgSa] rks mUgsa iqfyl dkuwu ;k fiQj xSj&dkuwuh osQ uke ij jksd ysrhgSA vxj iqfyl dh utjksa ls cpdj fudy Hkh tkrs gSa] rks fiQjf'ko lSfud /eZ osQ uke ij jksddj ijs'kku djrs gaS] vkSj vkxs ughatkus nsrsA crkvks ge D;k djsa\ dksbZ lek/ku gS ;k [kkyh Hkk"k.k ghHkk"k.k gS\¸ vc usrkvksa osQ lkeus ,slk loky Fkk] tks vk'oklu ugharRdky gy ekax jgk FkkA

usrkvksa us esyk eftLVªsV dks ekSosQ ij cqyk;k vkSj leL;k dklek/ku nsus dh ckr dghA esyk bapktZ cksyk] ¶lkgc] ;g esjs cldh ckr ughaA bldk lek/ku rks jkT; ljdkj gh dj ldrh gSAvki yhMj gSa] vki gh djas ljdkj ls ckrA ge rks deZpkjh gSaA¸

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vc xsan fiQj usrkvksa osQ ikys esa FkhA usrkvksa us lkspk vkSj lHkk esacSBs fdlkuksa dks dgk] ¶blosQ fy, ge jkT; ljdkj ls ckr djosQdy fiQj vkiosQ ikl vkdj tokc nsaxsA¸

rc lHkk esa [kM+k gksdj ,d fdlku cksyk] ¶vkt rd tks usrkdy dh ckr dgdj x;k] okil vk;k ughaA ,d ckj vkSj ns[k ysrsgaS vkidk dy fdruh nwj gSA¸ usrk lHkk&LFky ls vk'oklu nsdjjokuk gks x,A ogka ls vkdj edjkuk jsLV gkmQl esa usrk #osQ vkSjizkar ljdkj ls VsyhiQksu ij ckr djus yxsA tokc vk;k fd ;gloky jkT; ljdkj dh lhekvksa ls ckgj gSA gkbZdksVZ dk LVs gS] blckr dks ysdj fd rhu lky ls NksVk dksbZ cNM+k [kjhnk&cspk ughatk ldrk vkSj u izkar ls ckgj Hkstk tk ldrk gSA

eSa ogka usrkvksa osQ lkFk ekSosQ ij ekStwn FkkA vc usrkvkas dhle> ls Hkh loky ckgj Fkk fd bldk tokc o lek/ku D;k gksldrk gSA ukxkSj ftys osQ ,l-ih- cjkcj fdlku usrkvksa osQ laioZQesa Fks fd D;k gks jgk gSA ij dksbZ lek/ku u FkkA vr% nwljs jksttYnh gh jsLV gkmQl esa ,d iqfyl vf/dkjh vk;k o iwNus yxk]¶lkgc] vc vki D;k djsaxs vkt vkxs\¸ usrkvksa dk tokc Fkk]¶esyk&LFky ij tk,axs] fdlkuksa dh lHkk djsaxs] yk[kksa fdlkuksa osQlkeus crk nsaxs fd fLFkfr D;k gS ljdkj vkSj U;k;ky; dhA mlosQckn fdlku lHkk esa tks Hkh iSQlyk ysaxs] ge oSlk gh djsaxsA vxjfdlkuksa us r; fd;k fd t;iqj dh rjiQ owQp djuk gS] rks ge vkxsgks tk,axs] gtkjksa&yk[kksa fdlku gekjs lkFk gksaxs vkSj iSQlyk dj yssaxs]tks Hkh gksxkA¸

vc iqfyl vkSj esyk&iz'kklu Hkkjh ncko esa FkkA usrkugk&/ksdj dksbZ nl cts esyk osQ lHkk&LFky ij igqapsA ns[kdjvk'p;Z gqvk] fdlku usrkvksa dh tS&tSdkj dj jgs FksA os dg jgsFks fd geus vkt rd ,sls yhMj uk ns[ks HkkbZ] tks bruh tYnhiSQlyk djok nsA esjh le> esa oqQN u vk;k fd D;k iSQlyk gqvk

35

gS vkSj u usrkvksa dks irk Fkk fd iSQlyk D;k gks x;k gSA fdlku/M+k/M+ cNM+s csp jgs Fks] xzkgd [kjhn jgs Fks vkSj [kqf'k;ka eukbZ tkjgh FkhaA irk pyk fd v[kckj esa [kcj Nih gS fd ¶cNM+ksa dh[kjhn ij ls jksd gVhA¸ eq>s rks irk u py ldk fd ;g [kcjv[kckj esa fdlus NiokbZ] ckdh gkbZdksVZ dk LVs rks vius LFkku ijdk;e FkkA [kSj! v[kckj dh [kcj us leL;k dk lek/ku dj fn;kAesys esa fdlkuksa dh leL;k dk rks lek/ku gks x;k] ysfdu vcesyk&iz'kklu osQ lkeus leL;k [kM+h gks xbZ fd tc rhu lky lsde mez osQ cNM+kas dh [kjhn ij jksd gS] rks fiQj iz'kklu dh ukdosQ uhps dkuwu dk mYya?ku gqvk gS] mldh ltk Hkksxuh iM+sxhA esykeftLVsªV [kqn pydj usrkvksa osQ ikl vk;k vkSj cksyk] ¶lj] gekjslkeus vkius leL;k [kM+h dj nhA gekjh ukSdjh dk loky gSA gkbZdksVZ osQ LVs dk ekeyk gSA vc D;k gksxk\¸

usrkvksa us dgk] ¶;g dksbZ cM+h leL;k ugha gS] ftruh cM+hvkidks fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA balku Hk;Hkhr gksdj lksprk gS] rks Hk;fodjky :i /kj.k dj ysrk gS vkSj lek/ku lkspus osQ fy, cspkjsosQ ikl ekSdk gh ugha gksrkA vki leL;k dks gYosQ :i esa ysaxs rksmldk gy cgqr vklkuh ls fey tk,xkA¸

esyk bapktZ eftLVªsV osQ lkeus gkFk tksM+s [kM+k Fkk] ¶lj]vkidk rks fnekx Úh gSA vki gYosQ :i ls lkspdj gesa Hkh crknsaA vkidk rks oqQN u fcxM+sxk] vki pys tk,axs gesa iQaalkdj ;gkals vkSj---¸

usrkvksa us okdbZ cgqr cM+s loky dks cM+s gYosQ <ax ls lksprsgq, pqVdh ctkdj gy dj fn;kA ikBd dks Hkh vxyh ykbZu i<+usrd dk ekSdk gSA og pkgs rks eftLVªsV lkgc dh ukSdjh cpkus dkmik; lq>k ldrk gSA

usrkvksa us eftLVªsV lkgc dks lykg nh] ¶vkiosQ esys esa tksMkWDVj gSµ tks r; djrk gS fd i'kq dh mez fdruh gSµ mlls ;g

36

fy[kus dks dg nks] fd cNM+s tks [kjhns x, lk<+s rhu lky ls T;knkmez osQ gaSA dksbZ f'ko lSfud] iqfyl viQlj vkSj gkbZdksVZ dk ttcNM+ksa osQ eqag esa gkFk Mkydj nkar ns[kus dh fgEer 'kk;n gh djsAckdh vxj dksbZ ckr gksxh] rks lM+osaQ [ksrksa vkSj xkaoksa esa ls gksdjgh xqtjrh gSa_ ogka cNM+s vkSj fdlku gh gksaxsA ns[k ysaxs fd dkSuD;k djrk gSµ jksdrk gS ;k fiQj tkus nsrk gSA¸ esyk bapktZ osQlkeus vius cpko esa blls vPNk nwljk dksbZ fodYi u FkkA blseku fy;k x;k vkSj lkjh dk;Zokgh ljyrk ls lEiUu gks xbZA

;gka ,d fopkj dh iqf"V gksrh gS fd vxj vki vleatl esagSaµ D;k djsa] D;k u djas] rks turk osQ chp tkdj [kM+s gks tkvksAturk jkLrk fudky ysxh vkSj vkidks Hkh fn'kk fn[kk nsxh fd oSQlsvkxs c<a+sA