foi;sh · 2019-10-30 · foi;sh 04 2019 wf.daia; 1 ys,amfiakd h:d¾:hla lsÍug fjfyi jq úohd...

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tAldldr moaO;shla ^uniform system&

wkqj' tf,i .u /l=u jevigyk

±kg wdjrKh l< Èia;s%lal .Kk

10la' fuys§ rfÜ wdrlaIdj wNsuqL

jevms<sfj<g fujeks jevigyka

Tiafia isú,a mßmd,kh iïnkaO

lr .ekSu tla;rd wdldrhlska

wdrlaIl wxYj,g iydh ùula'

.fuka .ug nef|k mjqre



f,dalfha ´kEu rgla ixj¾Okh ùug kï ujq

NdIdj Ndú; l< hq;= hs' isxy, yd fou<

NdId fï rfÜ rdcH NdId f,i Ndú; lsÍug rch

m%;sm;a;suh ;SrKhla .;a; o th ksis f,i ls%hd;aul

jk njla fmfkkakg keye' tjeks miqìul fï rg

ixj¾Okh b,lal fj; <Õd lrùu wNsfhda.hla'

ksje/È f;dr;=re uyck;dj fj; blaukska

ikaksfõokh fkdjk úg§ flfia o rgla ÈhqKq

jkafka@ wdishdfõ ixj¾Okh <Õd lr .;a ish¨

rgj,a tÈfkÞ ;ukaf.a ish¨ lghq;= isÿ lrkafka ujq

NdIdfjka' Ökh - ueâßka" bkaÈhdj - yska§" cmdkh

- cmka NdIdj hs Ndú;d lrkafka' fï ish¨ rgj,

ixj¾Okfha ryig ujq NdIdj Ndú; lsÍu;a wh;a'

1964 § tlai;a cd;Sskaf.a ixúOdkh úiska f,dalfha

nqoaêu;a cd;Ska ms<sn| j isÿlrkq ,enQ iólaIKhl

§ rgj,a 190la ^j¾;udfka t' cd' i' idudðl rgj,a

.Kk 194la& w;ßka nqoaêu;a u cd;sh njg m;ajQfha

hqfoõjka' fojeks ia:dkhg isáfha YS% ,dxlslhka'

tA ksi hs m<uqjrg if|ka f.fkk ,o mia idïm,

mÍlaId lsÍug uydpd¾h isß,a fmdkakïfmreug

wjia:dj ,efnkafka' wdpd¾h ir;a .=Kmd,g md;a

mhskav¾ ^w`.yre u;g f.dvneia jQ& hdkfha wê

iQCIu leurdj ks¾udKhg yelshdj ,efnkafka' YS%

,dxlslhkaf.a cdkj, ieÕù ;sfnk nqoaê uÜgu

ms<sn| j mqÿuhg m;a ù isákafka ngysr cd;Ska'

lk.dgqjg ldrKh jkafka j¾;udkfha wm

isákafka tA nqoaêu;aNdjhg w.hla" jákdlula

,ndfok ld,hl fkdùu hs' jrla tAn%yï ,skalka

ckdêm;sjrhdf.ka udOHfõÈhl= m%Yak lrkafka

ckdêm;s;=uks" Tn jeämqr u olaI fudkjdg ±hs

hkqfjka' Tyq mjikafka —uu .ia lmkak olaI hs'

uu or m<kak olaI hs' uf.a mshd jvq uvqjla muKla

;snqKq ÿlaÅ; Ôú;hla f.jQ wid¾:l jvqfjla' uf.a

<ud ld,h" fh!jkh .;jQfha fï jvquvqfõ§' tA ksid

uu okafka fï fol u muK hs'˜

Tng is;d.; yels o t;=udf.a ksy;udkslu' jrla

Tyq ish mq;%hd ms<sn| j Tyqf.a .=rejrhdg ,shkafka

fufia hs' —ish¨ ñksiqka ksje/È ke;' ish¨ ñksiqka

hqla;s.rel o ke;' tA nj uu meyeÈ,s j oksñ' tfy;a

iEu wOufhla ;=< u ùrfhla o iEu wd;aud¾:ldó

foaYmd,k{hl= <Õ u kdhlhl= o isák nj Tng

yelskï uf.a mq;dg jgyd fokak' W;aidyfhka

,nd .kakd tla fvd,rhla ksre;aidyfhka Wmhd.;a

fvd,¾ 5g jvd jákdlñka jeä nj;a uf.a mq;dg

lshd fokak˜ hkqfjka'

—Tn ÿmam;a ù bm§u Tfí jrola fkdfj hs' tfy;a

Tn ñh hkafka o ÿmam;l= f,i kï ksYaÑ;j u th

Tfí jrola'˜ ì,a f.aÜia mjikjd' ì,shkm;shl= jQ

Tyq t;ekg <Õd jQfha Tyqf.a is;sú,s fjkia lr.;a

ksi hs'

tÞ fï rfÜ ñksiqka my< msysá l,d jefõ j;=r

fhdaO we< Èf.a ie' 56 ÿßka Bg jvd by< uÜgul

msysá ;sid jejg f.k .sfha kefkda ;dlaIKfhka'

ngysr cd;Ska tjeks ;dlaIKhla ms<sn| j is;kakg;a

fmr§ hs wfma rfÜ ñksiqka tjeks ymkalï lf<a'

wd;au úYajdifhka yd lemùfuka jev lsÍug mgka

.kak' Tng ´kEu wNsfhda.hla ch.; yels hs' túg

Tn id¾:l jQ ñksfila fõú' Tfí id¾:l;ajh ms<sn|

j .=rejrekag;a w;ayeßh fkdyels j.lSula ;sfnkjd'

tA i|yd wjYH jkafka o~qjug jvd ksje/È uÕ

fmkaùu hs'

^mqoa., ixj¾Okhg wdl,am yd ikaksfõok n,mEuZ

ms<sn| ud;r fldgqj ckdêm;s úoHd,fha meje;a jQ

foaYkhla weiqßka&

ilia lf<a(

YHdud ikaOHdkdhlf.a

ksod isákafka fhdaOfhla kï

kS;s{tÉ' tï' wnhr;akiNdm;scd;sl <ud wdrlaIl wêldßh


wOHdmkwOHdmk

.Dy fiajfha isg úúO ia:rj,

/lshd i|yd úfoia.;

jk msßia Wmhk uqo, furg

cd;sl wdodhug imhkafka úYd,

odhl;ajhla' ta w;r WmdêOdßkaf.a

/lshd ms<sn| .eg¨j o ,lajkafka

oeä l;dnylg' WmdêOdßhd

iy /lshd fjf<|fmd< w;r

we;s mriamr úfrdaë nj fndfyda

ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk rgj,a

cd;sl jYfhka fuka u cd;Hka;r

jYfhka úi÷ï fiùug W;aidy

ork .eg¨jla' WmdêOdÍka

fkdjk msßia o ú/lshdfjka

fmf<k w;r Tjqkaf.ka fldgila

W;aidy lrkafka foaYmd,k

iïnkaOlï uÕska /lshdjla

,nd.ekSug hs' WmdêOdßka

fndfyda fokl= n,dfmdfrd;a;=

jkafka rcfha /lshd' ta w;ßka

WmdêOdßkshka fndfyda úg

leue;a;la olajkafka .=rejD;a;shg'

ta" .=re jD;a;sh meh myl /lshdjla

f,i;a jeä jYfhka ksjdvq ,efnk

/lshdjla f,i;a oelSu fya;=fjka'

furg /lshd fjf<|fmd< iy

Wmdêh w;r hïlsis mr;rhla

mj;sk nj ienEjla' tfy;a

úYajúoHd,hla iïmQ¾Kfhka

u jD;a;Sh mqyqKq uOHia:dkhla

úh hq;= o keye' we;eï úIh

Odrd wdrlaId lsÍu iy m%.=K

lsÍu o úYajúoHd, wOHdmkfha

tla mrud¾:hla' oekqñka hq;=

ck.ykhla mej;Su rglg

iïm;la jqj;a /lshd ms<sn|

mj;sk .eg¨j fya;=fjka Wiia

wOHdmkfha hï hï fjkialï isÿ

lsÍu w;HjYH ù ;sfnkjd'

úYajúoHd, m%;smdok fldñIka

iNdj;a úYajúoHd,;a úYd,

W;aidyhla orkafka /lshd

fjf<|fmd<g .e,fmk

wkaofï mdGud,d ieliSug'

úYajúoHd,hlska mdGud,djla

bÈßm;a lrkafka tys

.=Kd;aulNdjh i,ld ne,Sfuka

wk;=re j hs' úYajúoHd, m%;smdok

fldñIka iNdfõ wkque;sh o

ta i|yd ,eìh hq;= hs' tfia u

iïmQ¾Kfhka u ;Dma;su;a jk

wdldrhg fkdjqK;a .=rejrhd

u; fyda úNd. l%uh u; mokï

jQ wOHdmkh YsIHd u; mokï

jQ wOHdmkhla njg mßj¾;kh

lsÍug o orkafka úYd, W;aidyhla'

tfy;a th úYajúoHd, fldñIka

iNdjg" úYajúoHd,j,g iy

wdpd¾hjrekag muKla l<

fkdyelalla' WmdêOdßkaf.a /

lshd ms<sn| m%Yakhg nyq, j uqyqK

fokafka l,d úIh Odrdjg wh;a

YsIHhka' hï muKlg úoHd úIh

Odrdjg wh;a YsIHhka o ta w;r

isákjd' ffjoH iy bxðfkare

jeks mdGud,d yodrk YsIHhka

,nd.kafka lsishï jD;a;shla

fjkqfjka mqyqKqjla' iudc úoHdj"

l<ukdlrKh jeks úIhka iDcq

j u lsishï jD;a;shlg b,lal

ù fkdfjhs l%shd;aul jkafka'

úfYaIfhka u iudÔh úoHd úIhka

yodrk WmdêOdßkag Woa.; jk

/lshd m%Yakh hgf;a Tjqka /lshd

fjf<|fmd<g iß,k wdldrhg

iQodkï lrùug W;aidy l<

hq;af;a hï m%udKhlg Tjqkaf.a

bx.%Sis iy mß.Kl oekqu jeä

yelshdjg o @ iy;slhg o @

/lshdj

uydpd¾h .dñŒ iurkdhlysgmq iNdm;s

úYajúoHd, m%;smdokfldñIka iNdj


lsÍu uÕska' fï i|yd wdpd¾h

uKav,fha muKla fkdj YsIH

YsIHdjkaf.a o il%Sh odhl;ajhla

;sìh hq;= hs' fuys§ jvd jeo.;a

lreKla jkafka bf.kSug

iy b.ekaùug iqÿiq wdldrfha

jd;djrKhla úYajúoHd,h

;=< mj;ajdf.k hEu hs' 1971

le/,af,ka ish¨ u úYajúoHd, m;a

j we;af;a hï muKlg úfrdaO;d

olajk uOHia:dk njg' YsIHhka

m;a ù isákafka ;ukaf.a wkd.;

wNsjDoaêh fjkqfjka oekqu

,nd.kakd msßila njg fkdj

iudch oekqj;a lrk fuj,ula

njg hs'

wm fmdÿrdcH uKav,hg wh;a

rgla f,i úYajúoHd, wdrïN

lf<a Tlaf;daïn¾ udifha jqj;a

wo jk úg th úYajúoHd,

le,ekavrhg wkqj l%shd;aul

l< fkdyels ;;a;ajhla Wodù

;sfnkjd' hg;a msßfika uilg

jrla fyda úYajúoHd, isiqkaf.a

Woaf>daIKhla meje;afjk w;r

we;eï úYajúoHd,j, hï hï

mSG jeä jYfhka mj;skafka

jid oud' úYajúoHd, wOHdmkh

;=< cd;Hka;r iïnkaO;d

j¾;udkfha jeä jYfhka wjYH

ù we;af;a wOHdmkfha .=Kd;aul

nj mj;ajd.ekSug' úfoia rgj,

úYajúoHd, isiqka yd iei£fï§

furg isiqkag ;uka isák

ia:dkh ms<sn| hï wjfndaOhla

o ,nd.; yels hs' wfmalaIs; Wmdê

iy;slh ,nd.ekSu muKla u /lshdjla

,nd.ekSfï iqÿiqlula fkdfj

hs' ;uka ,nd.ekSug wfmalaId

lrk /lshdjg wjYH iqÿiqlï

Tjqka úYajúoHd,h ;=< yodrk

mdGud,dj,ska u iïmQ¾K jkafka

keye' isiqka hï b,lalhla we;s

j ta wjYH iqÿiqlï imqrd.ekSug

W;aiql úh hq;= hs' tfy;a we;eï

isiqkag woyila keye Wmdêh

,nd.;a miq ;uka ksr; jk

/lshdj ms<sn|j'

nyq;rhla úYajúoHd, isiqka

olsk /lshd fjf<|fmd< b;d u

mgq tlla jk w;r nyq;rhlf.a

wfmalaIdj rcfha /lshdjla' ta

i|yd m<uq fya;=j jkafka jeä

jYfhka ksjdvq ,eîu' fuh

wfma wd¾Ól ixj¾Okhg t;rï

iqnodhl keye' úYajúoHd,

YsIHkag o fï ish¨ ksjdvq ,efnk

neúka úIh ks¾foaYh wdjrKh

lsÍu o wiSre lghq;a;la' fï ksid

b.ekaùfï iy bf.k.ekSfï

hïlsis miqneiSula oelsh yels hs'

WmdêOdßkag iy WmdêOdßka

fkdjk msßig /lshd ,nd.ekSug

yelsjk mßÈ furg wd¾Ólfha isÿ

úh hq;af;a m%idrKhla' úYajúoHd,

;=< úúO mdGud,d bÈßm;a jqK;a

ta i|yd /lshd fjf<|fmdf<a

b,a¨ula ke;akï th o .eg¨jla'

mqoa.,sl wxYfha /lshd jeä

jYfhka mj;skafka fld<U flakaø

lr.ksñka' tfy;a WmdêOdßkaf.a

/lshd .eg¨jg nyq, jYfhka

uqyqK fok l,d wxYfhka Wmdêh

yodrk YsIH YsIHdjkaf.ka nyq;rh

w¾O kd.ßl iy .%dóh m%foaYj,ska

úYajúoHd,j,g meñfKkakka'

Tjqkg we;s tl u /lshd

fjf<|fmd< jkafka rcfha /lshd

hs' WmdêOdßkaf.a bx.Sis oekqu"

mß.Kl oekqu fuka u mqoa.,hka

iuÕ ksjerÈ j .kqfokq lsÍfï

yelshdj fkdue;sùu o nrm;,

.eg¨jla' fï i|yd úi÷ula

jYfhka Wiia wOHdmk lafIa;%h

;=< úYajúoHd, fia u úYajúoHd,

fkdjk ÈhqKq Wiia wOHdmk

wdh;k mej;sh hq;= hs' ;dlaI‚l

úoHd," úYajúoHd, fkdjk ÈhqKq

Wiia wOHdmk wdh;k .Khg

wh;a' tajdfha fndfydaúg l%shd;aul

jkafka YsIHhka iDcqj u /

lshdj,g fhduq lrk mdGud,d'

/lshd ,nd§fï§ cd;sl /lshd

fjf<|fmd< fia u cd;Hka;r /

lshd fjf<|fmd< fj; o wjOdkh

fhduq l< hq;= hs'

/lshdjlg wjYH jkafka

iy;slh fkdfj hs' mqoa.,hd hs'

tu mqoa.,hd mqoa.,sl wxYfha iy

rdcH wxYfha /lshdjlg .e,fmk

wkaofï m%Yia; wOHdmkhla ,nd

;sìh hq;= hs' fï i|yd furg

wOHdmk lafIa;%fha fjkialï we;s

lsÍu b;d wjYH hs' flfia fj;;a

oeka Wodúh hq;af;a WmdêOdßka

fm<md,s iy Woaf>daIK mj;ajd

/lshd ,nd.kakd ;;a;ajhla

fkdfj hs' WmdêOdßkaf.a /

lshd ms<sn| .eg¨jg È.ska È.g

u me,eia;r we,ùu fjkqjg

furg wd¾Ól ixj¾Okhg iß,k

wdldrhg Wiia wOHdmkh ilia

lsÍu ;=<ska id¾:l úi÷ula

fidhd.ekSu hs' tys§ rfÜ j.lsj

hq;= iEu md¾Yajhlg u mejreKq

j.lSï iuqodhla ;sfnk nj isys

;nd.; hq;= hs'

ldxpkd isßj¾Ok

/lshdjlg wjYH

jkafka iy;slh

fkdfj hs' mqoa.,hd

hs' tu mqoa.,hd

mqoa.,sl wxYfha

iy rdcH wxYfha

/lshdjlg

.e,fmk wkaofï

m%Yia; wOHdmkhla

,nd ;sìh hq;= hs'

fï i|yd furg

wOHdmk lafIa;%fha

fjkialï we;s lsÍu

b;d wjYH hs'


YS% ,xldfõ Wiia wOHdmk

flaIa;%fha ft;sydisl

isÿùula jir 1959 § iksgqyka

lrkafka úfoHdaoh yd úoHd,xldr

kñka úYajúoHd, folla wdrïN

lsÍu;a iuÕ hs' isxy, udOHfhka

wOHdmkh ,enQ oyia .Kklg

Wiia wOHdmk wjia:d mq¿,a ùu

ksid wOHdmk fCIa;%fha tf;la

meje;s iudc úIu;d fjkia lsÍu

i|yd th m%n, n,mEula jQ njg

b;sydih idlaIs orkjd'

mQcHmdo je,súg YS% fidar;

kdysñhkaf.a uQ,sl;ajfhka

fn!oaOd.ñl miqìula hgf;a hs

úfoHdaoh úYajúoHd,h ia:dmkh

lrk ,oafoa' th YS% chj¾Okmqr

úYajúoHd,h njg m;ajkafka 1978

wxl 16 ork úYaj úoHd, mk;

hgf;a'

w;S;fha§ fuka u

j¾;udkfha§;a úúO wNsfhda.

yd ndOl yuqfõ fkdie,S

tAjdg id¾:l j uqyqK foñka

YS% chj¾Okmqr úYajúoHd,h

jir 60 olajd meñ‚ .uka uÕ

isysm;a l< hq;= jkafka uy;a jQ

wNsudkhlska' úYajúoHd,h mSG

07la" wOHhkdxY 60la" wOHdmk

tAll 04la iy mYapdoa Wmdê

l<ukdlrK wdh;khlska o

iukaú; hs' WmdêOdÍka oyia

.Kkla ìys l< úYajúoHd,fha

j¾;udk YsIH ixLHdj 14000lg

wdikak hs' mYapd;a Wmdê mSGfha

YsIH m%udKh 1500lg wdikak hs'

ndysr wxYfha YsIH ixLHdj 60000

blaujkjd' wOHhk yd wkOHhk

ld¾huKav,h 1200g wdikak hs'

úfoHdaoh wOHdmk iïm%Þh

foajdkïmsh;siai rdcH iufha§

ñys÷ uyry;ka jykafia fj; mQcd

lrk ,o uyd fï> WoHdkfha

msysgqjk ,o uydúydr iïm%Þh

olajd b;sydihlg Èjhkakla' fï

ksid úfoHdaoh wdrïNh jir 2300g

jvd wE; b;sydihlg ysñlï

lshk njg iuyre ;¾l lrkjd'

fujeks fm%!V b;sydihlg

ysñlï lshk YS% chj¾Okmqr

úYajúoHd,fha 60 jeks ixj;airh

uy;a jQ wNsudkfhka ieuÍug

;SrKh lf<a fï ft;sydisl

ldrKd ck.; lsÍfï wNs,dIfhka

nj hs tu úYajúoHd,fha udkj

Ydia;% yd iudÔhúoHd mSGfha

mSGdêm;s uydpd¾h Ysrka;

ySkaflkao mjikafka'

úYajúoHd,hla uÕska cd;shl

meje;au ;SrKh lrk nj hs

wOHdmk úfYaI{hkaf.a ms<s.ekSu' th

ukdj ikd: lrk l<ukdlrKh

iïnkaO by< u wdh;k fol

i;=jkafka YS% chj¾Okmqr

úYajúoHd,hg' ta" mYapd;a

Wmdê l<ukdlrK wdh;kh

yd ,xldfõ by< u m%ñ;sfhka

hq;= l<ukdlrK wOHhk yd

jdksc mSGh hs' j¾;udkfha§ ;rï

tÞ l<ukdlrK úIh jeo.;a

ixl,amhla fkdjQj;a wkd.;h

ms<sn| j ukd ±laulska lghq;=

l< ksi hs fidar; ysñhka ol=Kq

wdishdfõ m<uq l<ukdlrK

mSGh jir 1959 § YS% chj¾Okmqr

úYajúoHd,fha wdrïN lrkafka'

fï jk úg úYajúoHd,fha

iuia; YsIH ixLHdfjka nyq;rh

iegjia iemsrE úÿoh

YHdud ikaOHdkdhlf.a


ksfhdackh lrkafka l<ukdlrK

mSGh uÕska' tfia u miqld,Sk j

wdrïN lrk ,o jHjidhl;aj

wOHhk wxYh uÕska l=vd yd uOH

mßudK jHjidhlhka ìys lsÍu

i|yd u Wmdê mdGud,d ilia lr

;sfnk nj hs uydpd¾h ySkaflkao

mjikafka' Wmdêh wjidk jk

úg jHjidhlhl= jYfhka ia:djr

uÜgñka f.dv ke`.Su hs fï

mdGud,dfõ m%Odk wruqK' tA wkqj

±kgu;a l=vd yd uOH mßudK

jHjidhlhka /ila wd¾Ólhg Þhdo

lr wjika' fï wkqj YS% chj¾Okmqr

úYajúoHd,h hkq yqfola WmdêOdÍka

muKla fkdj rgg wjYH

jHjidhlhka o ìyslrk wdh;khla

nj ikd: lr ;sfnkjd'

udkj Ydia;% yd iudÔhúoHd

mSGh o úYajúoHd,fha iqúfYaIs

jQ wOHhk mSGhla' tys j¾;udk

YsIH ixLHdj 3500la ;rï' bka

ìysjk WmdêOdÍkaf.a /lshdj,

iqrCIs;;dj we;s lsÍu i|yd

bx.S%is udOH mdGud,d o y÷kajd §

;sfnkjd' úfYaIfhka u idïm%Þhsl

Wmdê mdGud,dj, fjkila isÿ

lrñka YsIH flakaøSh jQ wOHdmk

l%uhla y÷kajd§fï m%;sM,h jQfha

f,dal nexl= fhdackdj,sfha§ m<uq

ia:dkhg m;a ùug fï mSGhg

yelsùu hs'

ffjoH úoHdj iïnkaO mSGhla

;sîu úYajúoHd,hl idudkH

iajNdjh jqj;a jHjydßl

úoHdj iïnkaO j mSGhla furg

úYajúoHd, b;sydifha uq,ska

u wdrïN lf<a YS% chj¾Okmqr

úYajúoHd,h hs' úoHdj ckÔú;hg

iïnkaO lsÍu i|yd m¾fhaIK

uOHia:dk 15la ±kgu;a ls%hd;aul

hs' tA wkqj fvx.= u¾okh i|yd

T!IOhla fidhd .ekSfï m¾fhaIK

isÿ lf<a fvx.= m¾fhaIK tAllh

uÕska' óg wu;r j wdhq¾fõo

T!IO yd wdydr úoHdj ms<sn|

j id¾:l m¾fhaIK ±kgu;a isÿ

lrñka mj;skjd' ffjoH mSGfha

Y,H ffjoH lKavdhu ol=Kq

wdishdfõ fyd| u Y,H ffjoH

lKavdhu jYfhka iïudkhg

md;%ùu ffjoH mSGh ,enQ ;j;a

ch.%yKhla' tfia u uydpd¾h

ySkaflkao mjikafka bÈßfha§

iuqøSh lDIsl¾uh (Marine Agricultur) ms<sn| mSGhla wdrïN

lsÍug;a lghq;= ie,iqï lr ;sfnk

nj hs'

óg wu;r j mYapd;a Wmdê

wOHhk mSGh ish mdGud,d ilia

lr ;sfnkafka o wfmalaIlhdf.a

±kqu yd l=i,;dj .=Kd;aul j

yd m%udKd;aul j by< kexfjk

wdldrhg hs' tfia jqj;a YS% ,xldfõ

Wiia wOHdmk fCIa;%fha mj;sk

iSud ksid úYajúoHd, wOHdmkh

n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk ish¨ fokdg u

wjYH myiqlï i,idÈh fkdyels

ùu furg úYajúoHd, moaO;sh

uqyqK§ isák wNsfhda.hla' ndysr

úNd. wxYhla mj;ajd f.k hñka

YS% chj¾Okmqr úYajúoHd,h tu

wNsfhda.h ch .kafka id¾:l j'

±kg ndysr Wmdê mdGud,d 04la

mj;ajdf.k hk w;r tu isiqka

i|yd úYajúoHd,fha wdpd¾hjre

uÕska m%;sfmdaIK iïuka;%K

ixúOdkh lsÍu fya;=fjka tAjdfha

m%ñ;sh yd .=Kd;aulNdjh o by<

.syska'

miq.sh ld,h ;=< úYajúoHd,fha

fN!;sl iïm;aj, o ie,lsh hq;=

uÜgfï m%.;shla we;s ù ;sfnkjd'

60 jeks ixj;airhg iu.dó

j udkj Ydia;% yd iudÔhúoHd

mSGh i|yd mia uy,a f.dvke.s,s

ixlS¾Kh ,eîu" l<ukdlrKh

yd jdkscúoHd mSGh i|yd kj

f.dvke.s,s myiqlï" fkajdisld.

dr myiqlï mq¿,a lsÍu yd

jeäÈhqKq ùu;a úfYaI;ajhla'

tfia u isxy," md,s" ixialD;

yd fou< m%dÖk NdId ms<sn`o

wka;¾cd;sl iïuka;%Khla

o ;reK m¾fhaIK iuq¿jla

o meje;ajqKd' kj ksmehqï

yd kfjda;amdok y÷kajd§fï

m%o¾Ykhla meje;sfha úYajúoHd,

ixialD;sh fjkia lrñka' Bg

YS% chj¾Okmqr úYajúoHd,h

kdhl;ajh ,nd§ug iQÞkï nj

m%ldY jqfKa ,xldfõ úYajúoHd,

moaO;shg u tla iqúfYaIS

m‚úvhla tla lrñka'

60 jeks ixj;airfha

;j;a iqúfYaIs ks¾udKhla

t<s oela jqKd' ta" isxy, yd

ckikaksfõok wOHkdxYfha

yxiud,d ßá.yfmd, ks¾udKh

l< lú k¿j' th ukfï"

isxyndyq jeks ks¾udKj,ska miqj

úYajúoHd,fhka ìys jQ Wiia l,d

ks¾udKhla jYfhka we`.hSug

,laùu o úfYaI;ajhla'

fï wkqj YS% chj¾Okmqr

úYajúoHd,h jir 60la ;siafia

meñ‚ .uka uÕ ;=< rgg" cd;shg

Þhdo l< Ydia;%jka;hkaf.a

wdf,dalh u;=jg;a foia úfoia

lrd me;srùu hs úÿoh wNsm%dh

jkafka'


ksfrdaIs fodU.yf.a

mshú fk;= mshka úysodn,ka wisß isß o<|d

iuhiuh

iuia; f,daljdiS fn!oaO

ck;djf.a fkdu| f.!rjhg

md;%jk o<|d jykafia ms§u i|yd

úúO mQcd úêl%u wkq.ukh

lsÍug ,laÈj ck;dj w;S;fha

mgka lghq;= lr ;sfnk nj

b;sydifha i|yka' fï mQcdúê w;r

m%uqLia:dkh ysñjkafka jd¾Isl j

cQ,s yd wf.daia;= udij, meje;afjk

o<|d fmryer ux.,Hhg'

l%s'j' miajeks ishjfia furgg

meñKs mdyshka ysñhkaf.a foaYdgk

jd¾;dj,g wkqj k.rfha o<|d

jykafia ;ekam;a lsÍu i|yd

i;arejkska úis;=re ukaÈrhla ;kd

;snQ nj;a o<|d fmryer W;aijh

;=ka jeks ui ueo Nd.fha mj;ajk

,o nj o i|yka' o<|d fmryer

ms<sn| i|yka lrk merKs u uQ,dY%h

th njg hs ie,flkafka'

o<|d fmryef¾ wka;¾.;h

j¾Idjl fmrksñ;s f,iska

ielfik nj úpdrl u;h hs' tkï

tys uq,ska u meñfKk lilrejka

wl=Kq .eiSu;a .sks fnda,lrejka

úÿ,s flàu;a ixfla;j;a lrkjd'

we;=ka jeys j<dl=¿ ixfla;j;a

lrk w;r li hkq j¾Idfõ foaj

ixl,amh hs' Èh lemSu ixfla;j;a

lrkqfha c,h .,dhEug we;s ndOl

úkdY lsÍu hs' fï wx. tla j

ks¾udKh jk fmryer uÕska wyfia

j¾Idj fjkqfjka isÿjk úm¾hdi

fmd<j u; wkqlrKh lr oelaùu hs

isÿ jkafka'

Y%S o<|d ud<s.dfõ kele;a

fudfydÜgd, úiska ilia lrk

kele;a m;%hg wkqj o<|d ud<s.fha

kd:" úIaKq" l;r.u yd m;a;sks hk

i;r uydfoajd,j, lma isgqùfuka

wk;=re j o<|d fmryef¾ iudrïNh

isÿ fjkjd' bka wk;=re j Èk

myla mqrd ta ta foajd,j, wNHka;r

fmryer meje;afjk w;r fïjd

we;=¿ fmryer ke;skï we;=¿ ù§

fmryer f,i ye¢kafjkjd'

m<uq jeks l=U,a fmryer wdrïN

flfrkafka lma isgqjd ih jeks

Èkfha' o<|d fmryer werUqKq uq,a

iufha tu fmryer bÈßfhka u

.uka lf<a w¨;a j<x l|la .;a

l=U,alrefjla' ta ksid fï fmryerg

tu ku ,enqKq njg o u;hla

mj;skjd' fï fmryer keröfuka

.eìKs uõjrekag yd orejkag

n,.;= fi;a Ydka;shla ,nd.; yels

nj we;euqkaf.a úYajdih hs'

Èk myla ixpdrh lrk l=U,a

fmryerg wk;=re j ó<`. Èkfha

werfUkafka rkafoda,s fmryer hs'

foajd,fha uy rka wdhqOh we;=¿

foajdNrK i;r uyd foajd,j,g

wh;a foda,dj ;=<g jevu flfrk

w;r fï ksid u ta ku fhfok nj

o mejfikjd' tfia jqj o rc iufha

rkafoda,sh f,i y÷kajd we;af;a

rc;=udf.a w. fufyish hs' weh

.uka l< foda,djg o rkafoda,s hk

ku jHjydr lr ;sfnkjd' i;r

uyd foajd,j,g wh;a j¾Kj,ska

irik ,o rkafoda,d fomiska

wd,;a;s wïudjre .uka lsÍu;a

úfYaI;ajhla' wd,;a;s wïudjreka

f,i ye¢kafjkafka w;S;fha

rcueÿf¾ ks, ld¾hhka l< wh'

tfia u i;ruyd foajd,hkays

niakdhl ks,fïjre o mdrïmßl

uq,a we÷ñka ieriS ;u ;ukaf.a

foajd,hkays fmryerj, .uka lrkq

±lsh yels hs'

rkafoda,s fmryefrka miq Èh

lemqï fmryer hs meje;afjkafka'

Èh lmk fmryer iu`. oka; Od;=

ukaÈrfha fmryer isõ uydfmryer

iu`. f.äf.a úydrhg .uka

lrkjd' isß;a mßÈ o<|d lr~qj tys

;ekam;a lr .egfò f;dfÜ§ Èh

lemSfï ux.f,da;aijh isÿ lrkafka

bka wk;=rej hs' kej;;a uykqjr

.Kfoú fldaú,g meñKs miqj

meje;afjk oj,a fmryer .Kfoú

fldaúf,ka neyer j kshñ; ud¾.h

Tiafia .uka lr" rcùÈh Tiafia

o<Þ ud,s.hg f.je§fuka fmryer

ksud flfrkjd' wk;=re j Èhjvk

ks<fï we;=¿ fiiq niakdhl

ks,fïjre uykqjr ckdêm;s

ukaÈrhg flá fmryrlska f.dia

úfYaI yiqkam;la ckdêm;sjrhdg

ms<s.kajñka fmryer ksud l<

nj ie, lsÍu hs B<Õ ld¾hh

jkafka' tod rcq bÈßfha isÿ l<

fuh rfmda¾;= lsÍfï pdß;%h f,i

ye¢kafjkjd'


f,dal ysi yd f., wdY%s;

ms<sld Èkh fh§

;snqfKa cQ,s ui 27 jeks Èkg hs'

tys f;audj jQfha zrcfha wdh;kj,

úgg jegZ hkak hs' wxl 1982$33

ork Y%S ,xld m%cd;dka;%sl iudcjd§

ckrcfha w;súfYaI .eiÜ m;%h

u`.ska n,meje;a jQ 2016'09'01 Èk

isg ÿï rys; ÿïfld< wvx.= øjH

ksIamdokh" wdkhkh" úlsŒu

yd úlsŒug bÈßm;a lsÍu o

iïnkaOfhka jQ ;yku rdcH

wdh;kj, o l%shd;aul lsÍug hs

2019 ud¾;= ui 12 jeks Èk

mej;s úfYaI wud;H uKav,

/iaùfï§ .;a ;SrKh jQfhaa'

ta" Y%S ,xldfõ úfYaIfhka u

msßñ md¾Yajh w;r nyq, j

u mj;sk uqL ms<sldj iòyd

n,mdk m%Odk wjodkï idOl

wvq lsÍu i|yd mshjr .ekSug'

ta wkqj ish¨ u rdcH wdh;k mßY%

;=< nq,;a úg" ÿïfld<" mqjla iy

tajd wdY%s; ksIamdok Ndú;h ;ykï

fjkjd' tu wdh;kj,g wh;a

wdmkYd,dj, nq,;aúg" ÿïfld<"

mqjla yd tajd wdY%s; ksIamdok

wf,úh wksjd¾hfhka u keje;aúh

hq;= hs' tu úêúOdkj,g wkql+,

j lghq;= lsÍug ish¨ u wdh;k

m%OdkSka o j.n,d.; hq;= fjkjd'

,xldfõ jirlg mqreIhka 863la

o ldka;djka 289la o ñh hkafka

uqL ms<sld fya;=fjka' flfia

fj;;a nq,;aúg Ndú;hg lïlre

iy j;= wdY%s; /lshdj, kshq;=

ldka;djka o yqreù isàu y÷kd.;

yels ;;a;ajhla' ta wkqj ,xldfõ

nq,;aúg iu`. ÿïfld< Ndú;

lrk ldka;d m%;sY;h 5]la' fï

iïnkaOfhka woyia olajk cd;sl

ms<sld u¾ok tallfha uqL ms<sld

ffjoH tallh Ndr ffjoH m%ikak

chfialr¦ —uQ,sl wjia:dfõ

y`ÿkdf.k ksis m%;sldr lsÍu

u`.ska uqL ms<sldj 100]la iqjlr.;

yels hs' ,xldfõ 76la muK

jd¾;d jkafka wjidk wjia:dfõ

y`ÿkd.;a uqL ms<sld frda.Ska' ta

fya;=fjka uqL ms<sldfjka ñhhk

m%udKfha ixLHd;aul jeäùul= hs

fmkakqï lrkafka' uqL ms<sldj,ska

85]la u we;sjkafka nq,;aúg

Ndú;h fya;=fjka' Bg wu;r

j mqjla iy mqjla melÜ iemSu"

ÿïmdkh iy u;aj;=r Ndú;h

o fï iòyd fya;=ldrl fjkjd'

nq,;aúg lEu iy uqL ms<sldj w;r

iïnkaOh ms<snò j nyq;r ck;dj

fkdoekqj;a' tfuka u Tjqka th

ms<s.ekSug olajkafka o ue,slula'

m%Odk ms<sldldrl jkafka

úfgys wvx.= ÿïfld< iy mqjla'

ÿïfld<fhys ms<sld ckl øjH 28la

o mqjlaj, ms<sld ckl øjH 4la

o wvx.= hs' Ndú; lrk wdldrh

fjkia jqj o ÿïmdkh fuka u

ÿïfld< iemSu ;=<ska we;sjkafka

tlu wys;lr ;;a;ajhla'˜

cd;sl ms<sld u¾ok jevigyfka

úfYaI{ ffjoH iqrdÊ fmf¾rd

tA ms<sn| mjid isáfha fujeks

l;djla¦ —cd;sl ms<sld f,aLkfha

o;a;j,g wkqj 1985 jif¾§ jd¾;d

jQ ms<sld frda.Ska ixLHdj 5000la'

th 2014 jif¾§ 23"105la olajd

j¾Okh ù ;sfnkjd' jirl§

ck.ykfhka ,laIhlg kj ms<sld

frda.Ska 98la jd¾;d jk w;r miq.

sh jir 25 ;=<§ jd¾;d jkafka

ms<sld frda.Skaf.a meyeÈ,s jeäùula'

uqL ms<sldj hs msßñka w;r wxl

01 g jd¾;d jQfha' fojeks ;ek

ysñjQfha fmky¿ ms<sldjg' fï

;;a;ajh ngysr rgj,g idfmalaI j

fjkia'˜

jirlg 130"000 - 150"000

w;r m%udKhla Y%S ,xldfõ

ñhhkafka ms<sld fya;=fjka'

ta w;rska uqL ms<sldfjka

ñhhk m%udKh jirlg

oyi blaujkjd' Èklg tu

ixLHdj mqoa.,hka 3la fyda 4la

muK' fï fya;=fjka f,dj ;=<

ms<sld ksid isÿjk urKj,ska

;=fkka tlla 2030 jk úg j<lajd

.ekSu f,dal fi!LH ixúOdkfha

wruqK nj meyeÈ,s lrk ffjoH

iqrdca fmf¾rd ;jÿrg;a iòyka

lrkafka wys;lr Ôjk rgdj,ska

w;añ§u u`.ska ish¨ ms<sldj,ska

1$3l m%udKhla j<lajd .ekSfï

yelshdj ;sfnk nj' flfia fj;;a

fï frda.S ;;a;aj l,ska y÷kdf.k

wjYH m%;sldr i|yd fhduqùu hs

jeo.;a'

j¾;udkfha wm rg ;=< Ndú;h

iy m%p,s;h jeäjkqfha ÿïfld<

iy mqjla wdY%s; ksIamdokj,

iq,N iy ,dN nj fya;=fjka' fï

;;a;ajh hgf;a f,dal ysi iy

f., wdY%s; ms<sld Èkh ksñ;af;ka

rg ;=< rdcH wdh;kj, úgg jeg

ne§u w;sYh ldf,daÑ; hs' fkdmud

j fï i;ald¾hh fjkqfjka fmkS

isàu nqoaêu;a rdcH fiajlhdf.a

j.lSula'

úgg jegufkdacd iurkdhl

Ndú; lrk wdldrh

fjkia jqj o ÿïmdkh

fuka u ÿïfld< iemSu

;=<ska we;sjkafka tlu

wys;lr ;;a;ajhla'

fi!LHfi!LH

bkaÈhdfõ m%dka; w;ßka b;d u

iqkaor" wdl¾IŒh m%dka;hla

f,i ie,flk cïuq ldYaór

m%dka;h fï jk úg kej;;a ±ä

wdkafoda,kd;aul isÿùï Þuhlg

ueÈ ù ;sfnkjd' fï ;;a;ajhg

u`. mEÿfKa bkaÈhdkq rch úiska

miq.sh Þ .kq ,enQ u;fNaÞ;aul

;Skaÿjla' ldYaórh bkaÈhdfõ

m%dka;hla jqj;a th hï hï

úfYaI jrm%ido N=la;s ú|sñka isá

m%dka;hla f,i hs mej;=fKa' úúO

ldrKd iïnkaOfhka idfmaCI

jYfhka jeä iajdëk;ajhla th

N=la;s ú¢ñka isáhd' ldYaórhg

fï whs;sjdislï ysñ lr ÿkafka

bkaÈhdkq jHjia:dfõ 370 jeks

j.ka;sh u.skq hs' flfia fj;;a

óg Èk lsysmhlg fmr bkaÈhdkq

rch fï j.ka;sh jHjia:dfjka

bj;a lsÍug lghq;= l<d' tA wkqj

ldYaór m%dka;hg ysñ j ;snQ

úfYaI jrm%ido iy iajdëk;ajh

wj,x.= lsÍula isÿ jqKd' by; lS

j.ka;sh u.ska ldYaórhg fjk u

jHjia:djla ;nd .ekSfï ksoyi

fuka u fjk u Ochla Nú;d

lsÍfï ksoyi o ,nd §

;snqKd' tfuka u wdrCIl"

úfoaY in|;d"

ikaksfõok jeks fCIa;% lsysmhl yer

wfkla fndfyda fCIa;% iïnkaOfhka

iajdëk j ;SrK .ekSfï ksoyi o

ldYaórh N=la;s ú¢ñka isáhd' tfy;a

±ka fï ish,a, wj,x.= lr we;s w;r

ldYaórh jvd;a ±ä f,i uOHu

rcfha md,kh hg;g m;a lrf.k

;sfnkjd' fï wkqj ;jÿrg;a th

m%dka;hla f,i fkdj ±ka th

ie,flkafka uOHu rdcH md,k

l,dmhla (Union Territory) yeáhg hs'

w.ue;s kf¾Jø fudaÈf.a rch

fujeks ;SrKhla .;af;a wehs

o hkak úuid ne,Su jeo.;a'

bkaÈhdj hgf;a mj;sk cïuq

ldYaór m%dka;hg wu;r j

mdlsia;dkh hgf;a mj;sk

ldYaórhla o fï l,dmfha

;sfnkjd' fï l,dm fol

tlsfklg hdnoj hs msysgd

;sfnkafka' tfy;a bkaÈhdj iy

mdlsia;dkh ld,hla ;siafia u fï

iuia; l,dmhg u whs;sjdislï

lshñka isákjd' fï ksid

w;S;fha fï forg w;r hqo

.egqï mjd we;s ù ;sfnk nj

ryila fkdfj hs' flfia fj;;aa

bkaÈhdj hgf;a ;sfnk cïuq

ldYaór m%dka;h bkaÈhdfjka

ksoyia lr .ekSu i|yd tu

m%dka;h ;=< fnÿïjd§ jHdmdr o

b;d oreKq uÜgñka ls%hd;aul hs'

we;euqka mjikafka fnÿïjd§ka

fï m%dka;h bkaÈhdfjka fjka

lrf.k mdlsia;dkh iuÕ noaO

lsÍug ierfik nj' fuhg fya;=

jk tla jeo.;a ldrKhla kï fï

cïuq ldYaór m%dka;fha Ôj;a jk

jeä fokd uqia,sï cd;slhka

ùu hs' Tjqka yskaÿ

úfoia ú;a;súfoia ú;a;scïuq ldYaórhg

ú,x.=ksyd,a mSßia

we;euqka mjikafka fnÿïjd§ka fï m%dka;h

bkaÈhdfjka fjka lrf.k mdlsia;dkh iuÕ noaO

lsÍug ierfik nj' fuhg fya;= jk tla jeo.;a

ldrKhla kï fï cïuq ldYaór m%dka;fha Ôj;a jk jeä fokd uqia,sï

cd;slhka ùu hs' Tjqka yskaÿ wdêm;Hfhka hq;= bkaÈhdj hgf;a isákakg wleue;s

njhs fmfkkafka'



wdêm;Hfhka hq;= bkaÈhdj

hgf;a isákakg wleue;s nj hs

fmfkkafka' fï m%dka;h ;=<

ls%hd;aul jk ikakoaO fnÿïjd§

lKavdhï uqia,sï lKavdhï

jk w;r Tjqkag mdlsia;dkfha

iyh ysñ jk njg bkaÈhdfjka

±ä úfõpk t,a, fjkjd' fï

;;a;ajh ;=< cïuq ldYaór m%dka;h

;=< mj;sk fï fkdikaiqka

;;a;ajh wjika lsÍug;a tys

ls%hd;aul uqia,sï fnÿïjd§

lKavdhï iïnkaOfhka ±ä mshjr

.ekSug;a ±ä jqjukdjla bkaÈhdjg

;sfnkjd' yskaÿjd§ kdhlhl=

f,i ie,flk kf¾Jø fudaÈ fï

ierfikafka tA iïnkaOfhka

;SrKd;aul ls%hdud¾.hla .ekSug

úh yels hs' miq.sh Þ meje;s uyd

ue;sjrKfhka ,enqKq w;súYsIag

ch.%yKh;a iuÕ fï jkúg

Tyqf.a rch isákafka b;d u

Yla;su;a ;;a;ajhl hs' ldYaór

m%Yakh wjika lsÍug ;sfnk

fyd| u wjia:dj fuh nj Ndr;Sh

ck;d mCI rch l,amkd lrk

nj hs fmfkkafka' cïuq ldYaór

m%dka;hg fuf;la § ;snQ n,;,

wfydais lr th uOHu rcfha ±ä

md,khg hg;a lf<a fï ksid úh

yels hs'

bkaÈhdkq rch fï ;SrKh

.;af;a miq.sh 5 jekss i÷Þ hs' thska

miqj ldYaórh ;=< fï ;SrKhg

tfrys j úfrdaO;d u;= jkq olakg

,enqKd' tA iuÕ u m%dka;fha

wdrCIdj ±ä lsÍug rch mshjr

.;a w;r tys fhdojd ;snqfKa oyia

.Kkla yuqÞ Nghka' tfuka u

we¢ß kS;sh mekùug;a" wka;¾cd,

fiajd wdÈh w;aysgqùug;a mshjr

f.k ;snqKd' fï wkqj fndfyda

fokl=g tu l,dmfhka msgùug

fyda tys we;=¿ùug fyda yelshdjla

;snqfKa keye'

bka§h rch cïuq ldYaórh

iïnkaOfhka .;a fï ;SrKh

tu m%dka;h wdl%uKh lsÍula

yeáhg hs we;eï md¾Yaj w¾:

±lajQfõ' mdlsia;dkh fï

iïnkaOfhka ±ä f,i úfrdaOh

±lajQjd' ldYaór m%dka;fha fjfik

jeä fokd uqia,sï cd;slhka ùu

ksid mdlsia;dkhg fuys§ úYd,

mSvkhla t,a, jk nj wuq;=fjka

lsj hq;= keye' mdlsia;dkfha isá

bka§h ;dkdm;sjrhd msgqjy,a

lsÍug iy bkaÈhdfõ isák

mdlsia;dk ;dkdm;sjrhd f.kajd

.ekSug Tjqka iQÞkï fjñka isák

nj;a" bkaÈhdj iu`. fjf<|

in|;d w;aysgqùug ls%hd lrk

nj;a fï ,smsh ,shk wjia:dj

jkúg m%ldYhg m;a j ;snqKd' fï

w;r Ökh o ±lajQfha bkaÈhdj .;a

mshjrg hï úfrdaOhla' Ökh iy

mdlsia;dkh b;d ióm iïnkaO;d

we;s fomd¾Yajhla nj ryila

fkdfjhs'

fï w;r cïuq ldYaórh u;

ish md,kh ±ä lsÍfuka miq

bkaÈhdj th kej; l,dm follg

fn§ug o mshjr .;a;d' thska tla

l,dmhla cïuq ldYaór l,dmh

f,i ie,flk w;r wfkl ,Þla

l,dmh hs' ,Þla l,dmfhys we;s

úfYaI;ajhla jkafka tys ckhdf.ka

nyq;rhla fn!oaOhka ùu hs' fï

wkqj bkaÈhdfjys ;sfnk nyq;rh

fn!oaOhka jk fï wdldrfha tl

u l,dmh njg ,Þla l,dmh

m;a jqKd' lghq;= fï wdldrfhka

isÿfjoa§ uqia,sï nyq;rhla Ôj;ajk

ldYaórfha ck ixhq;sh fjkia

lsÍug bkaÈhdj iQÞkï fjñka

isák njg mdlsia;dk w.ue;s

bïrdka Ldka fpdaokd lr ;snqKd'

miq.sh Þ meje;s uyd ue;sjrKfhka ,enqKq

w;s úYsIag ch.%yKh;a iuÕ fï jkúg Tyqf.a rch isákafka b;du

Yla;su;a ;;a;ajhl hs' ldYaór m%Yakh wjika lsÍug ;sfnk fyd| u wjia:dj fuh nj Ndr;Sh ck;d mCI

rch l,amkd lrk nj hs fmfkkafka' cïuq ldYaór

m%dka;hg fuf;la § ;snQ n,;, wfydais lr th uOHu rcfha ±ä

md,khg hg;a lf<a fï ksid úh yels hs'


fikaáf.%aâ wxYl 32 la ;rï by<

uÜgulg <Õd ù ;snqKd' th wm

jeks rgj, WKqiqï u ld,hl

mj;sk ;rfï WIaK;ajhla'

we,ialdj o b;sydih ;=<

WKqiqï u Èk lsysmh .; lr

;snqfKa miq.sh cQ,s udifha hs'

.S%ka,ka;fha whsia ;Ügqj,ska

fgdka ì,shk 12'5 l ;rï ±jeka;

m%udKhla tla Èkhla ;=< Èh ù

hdu o fï WKqiqu jeä ùu yd ne£

;snQ ;j;a úfYaI isÿùula' fuhg

fmr jeäu whsia m%udKhla fï

wdldrfhka Èh ù f.dia ;snqfKa

2012 jif¾ hs' fgdka ì,shk 12'5la

Èh ù .sh miq.sh wf.daia;= 01 jeks

Èkg fmr Èkfha tkï cQ,s 31

b;sydih ;=< fuf;la jd¾;d

ù we;s WKqiqï u udih f,i

jd¾;djla msysgqùug miq.sh cQ,s

udih iu;a jqKd' óg fmr fï

f,dal jd¾;djg ysñlï lSfõ 2016

jif¾ cQ,s udih hs' hqfrdamfha

ld,.=KúoHd wdh;khla jk

fldm¾kslia ld,.=K úm¾hdi

fiajd wdh;kh miq.sh 05 jeks

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nj ;yjqre l<d' tu udifha tla

wjia:djl fn,aðhu" fko¾,ka;h"

c¾uksh hk rgj, fuka u

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fikaáf.%aâ wxYl 42 iSudj o

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;snqKd'

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u cqks udih th nj hs i|yka

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jvd jeä WKqiqula ±kqKq neõ

jd¾;d fjkjd' we,ialdj hkq

idudkHfhka YS; foaY.=Khla

iys; rgla' tys§ WIaK;ajh

cQ,sWKqiqï

ksyd,a mSßia

.S%ka,ka;fha whsia

;Ügqj,ska fgdka ì,shk

12'5 l ;rï ±jeka;

m%udKhla tla Èkhla

;=< Èh ù hdu o fï

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ne£ ;snQ ;j;a úfYaI

isÿùula' fuhg fmr

jeäu whsia m%udKhla

fï wdldrfhka Èh ù

f.dia ;snqfKa 2012

jif¾ hs'


jeks Èk

o fï wdldrfhka u whsia

úYd, m%udKhla Èh ù .sh nj

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ì,shk 10 la nj jd¾;d ù ;snqKd'

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jd¾;djla i|yka lr ;snqfKa

wefußldfõ *af,dßvd m%dka;h

wÕ,a 5 la muK c,fhka hg

lsÍug fï foÈk ;=< uqyqog

tla jQ c, m%udKh m%udKj;a

nj hs' miq.sh cQ,s udih we;=<;

.S%ka,ka;fha fï wdldrfhka Èh

ù .sh iuia; whsia m%udKh fgdka

ì,shk 180 lg wdikak nj o

i|yka' fï ksid uqyqog tl;= jQ

c, m%udKh fya;=fjka uqyqÿ c,

uÜgu mjd b;d iq¿ m%udKhlska

by< hd yels nj;a i|yka j

;snqKd' fï ld,h ;=< .S%ka,ka;fha

we;eï ;ekaj, WIaK;ajh

tys idudkH WIaK;ajhg jvd

fikaáf.%aâ wxYl 10 lska muK

jeä ù we;s nj hs jd¾;d jqfKa'

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whsia Èhfjk ;;a;ajhla we;s jkq

we;e hs úoHd{hka n,dfmdfrd;a;=

ù ;snqfKa keye' .S%ka,ka;fha

iuia; whsia m%udKh Èhjqjfyd;a

f,dalfha id.r c, uÜgu wä

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by< kexfjkq we;e hs úYajdi

flfrkjd'

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fï jkúg f,dalfha wxl tfla

.eg¨jla njg m;a j ;sfnk

f.da,Sh WKqiqu by< hdu ms<sn|

.eg¨jg ms<shï fh§u wmg

lsisfia;a l,a ±ñh fkdyels

ldrKhla nj hs fujeks isÿùï

u`.ska isysm;a lrkafka' fï

.eg¨j md,kh lsÍug ñksiqka

fuhg jvd Wkkaÿfjka lghq;=

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jvd ìysiqKq w;a±lSïj,g uqyqK

fokakg isÿjkq we;s nj ryila

fkdfj hs'

f.da,Sh WKqiqu by< hdug

fnfyúka u n,md we;af;a L‚c

f;,a" .Eia" .,a wÕ=re jeks

f*dis, bkaOk oykh ksid

kslafuk ldnkavfhdlaihsâ jeks

jdhqka mßirhg tl;= ùu hs' wo

jkúg fï WKqiqu by< hdu ksid

f,dj úúO l,dmj, ck;djg

w;sYh nrm;, iajdNdúl úm;a

wdÈhg uqyqK fokakg isÿ j

;sfnkjd' úfgl kshÕ jeks

;;a;aj o ;j;a úfgl wêl jeis

iy tA ksid we;s jk .xj;=r"

kdh hEï jeks ;;a;aj o j¾Okh

jk w;r fïjd ñksia Ôú;j,g"

foam,j,g fuka u wdydr

ksIamdokh jeks lghq;=j,g

o oreKq n,mEï we;s lrkjd'

fuhg wu;r j O%ej wdikak

l,dmfha whsia Èhùu ksid uqyqÿ

c, uÜgu by< hdfuka iuyr

rgj,a iy fjr<dikak m%foaY

.s,dn;aùfï wjÞku o by< f.dia

;sfnkjd' ld,.=K úoHd{hka

wk;=re wÕjd isákafka f.da,Sh

WKqiqu by<hdu md,kh lsÍug

f,dal uÜgñka M,ÞhS f,i mshjr

fkd.;fyd;a uyfmdf<dj ñksia

jdihg w;sYh ÿIalr ia:dkhla

njg m;ajk Èkh jeä wE;l

fkdjkq we;s nj hs'

f,dalfha WIaK;ajh

fï wdldrfhka jd¾;d

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fï jkúg f,dalfha wxl

tfla .eg¨jla njg m;a j

;sfnk f.da,Sh WKqiqu by<

hdu ms<sn| .eg¨jg ms<shï

fh§u wmg lsisfia;a l,a

±ñh fkdyels ldrKhla'


ljrfha l;djljrfha l;dj

jir 13l wOHdmkfhka

miq jir 3la fyda 4la fyda

úYajúoHd,fha .; lrk ld,h

úfgl Ôú;fha iqkaor wjêh f,i

we;ul= olsk w;r ;fjll= th

olskafka Ôú;fha f.jk w;sÿIalr

ld,hla f,i' tA" yßyuka lEula

îula o fkdf.k ksÈ jrñka

úoHd¾Òka f,i ±kqu fiùug

.kakd W;aidyh t;rï myiq

lghq;a;la o fkdjk ksid'

tys wjika m%;sM,h f,i Wmdê

f,da.=j me,`o .dïNSr;ajfhka

hq;= j fõÈldj u;g ke`.S ;u

mq;= fyda ÈhKsh Wmdêh ,nd

.kakd fudfyd; ;rï i;=gla

fouõmshkag ;j;a fkdue;s ;rï'

tA" W.;l= nqoaêu;l= iudchg Þhdo

lsÍfï ksy;udkS wdvïnrhlska

o hq;= j' tfy;a tA i;=g ú|

.kakg ;rï jdikdjka; fkdjQ

ujl ms<sn| fYdapkSh mqj;la

fkdfndaÞ jd¾;d jQfha .ïmy

m%foaYfhka' kjl YsIHhl= f,i

reyqK úYajúoHd,hg .sh ;u mq;=

kjljofhka ±ä f,i mSvdjg ,la

jQ nj wid frda.S jQ weh Èúfhka

iuq .;a njg hs tys§ f;dr;=re

jd¾;d jqfKa'

wfkla w;g j¾;udkfha

we;eï fouõmshka ;u orejka

úYajúoHd,hg hjkakg fojrla

l,amkd lrkakg ;rï fm<öu

o msgqmi ;sfnkafka ;j;a tla

iudc w¾nqohl me;slvla' fï

ksid u Wiia wOHdmkh i`oyd

fm!oa.,sl úYajúoHd,

fyda fjk;a wOHdmk

wdh;k fj; fyda

Tjqka fhduq ùu

fkdje<elaúh yels lreKla njg

hs m;a j ;sfnkafka' flfia fj;;a

fï lreK j¾;udkh jk úg

iudcfha ±ä l;dnyg ,la jkafka

Y%S ,xldfõ iuia; iriú m%cdj

ms<sn| hï Ñ;%hla o ks¾udKh

fjñka'

fï wkqj kjljoh ms<sldjla

fuka úYajúoHd,j, muKla fkdj

wfkl=;a wOHdmk wdh;kj, o

me;sÍ f.dia wjika' 1998 wxl

20 ork wOHdmk wdh;kj,

kjljoh iy fjk;a iajrEmfha

idyisl l%shd ;ykï lsÍfï mk;

wkqj kjljoh hkafkka woyia

kjl iïm%dma;sfha w÷re me;slvud,d u,aldka;s mrK.uf.a


fjkafka wOHhk wdh;khl

YsIHhl=g fyda ld¾h uKav,

idudðlhl=g YdÍßl fyda udkisl

ydkshla fyda udkisl fõokdjla

fyda ìhla isÿ lrk fyda isÿ lsÍug

bv we;s hï l%shdjla' .%Sisfhka

werUqKd hehs ie,flk fï

kjl jo ixialD;sh Y%S ,xldjg

,efnkafka ì%;dkHhkaf.ka' uq,a

wjêfha iqyo;dj f.dv ke`.Sfï

l%shdldrlïj,ska werUqj o miqj

wudkqIsl ,sx.sl wvïf;aÜgï

olajd th j¾Okh ùu j¾;udkfha

nrm;< .eg¨jla njg hs m;a j

we;af;a' tys b;sydih úuik úg

Y%S ,xldfõ úYajúoHd, ixialD;sh

;=< kjl joh fl;rï oreKq ù o

hkak fmkS hkjd'

kjl jofha w`ÿre fijke,s

furg§ m<uq jrg kjl joh

iïnkaO isÿùula jd¾;d jkafka

tjlg úoHd,xldr úYajúoHd,h jQ

j;auka le,Ksh úYajúoHd,fhka'

ta" 1974 jif¾§ mqyqKq .Ks;

.=rejre lsysmfokl= kjl johg

,la ùfuka' tys§ tjlg rch

ã' ví,sõ' l=,r;ak fldñiu

m;alrñka Wmdê wfmalaIlhka

12 fokl= úYajúoHd,fhka

fkrmd yeÍug hs lghq;=

lr ;sfnkafka' 1975 jif¾§

fmardfoKsh úYajúoHd,fha

lDIs úoHd mSGfha rEmd r;akiS,s

YsIHdj fkajdisld.drfha fojeks

uy,ska mek wdndê;hl= ù 1997

jif¾ Èú f;dr .kafka o fï

wudkqIsl kjl jofha f.dÿrla

ùfï m%;súmdlhla f,i hs' 1993

jif¾§ reyqK úYajúoHd,fha

pñkao mqxÑfyajd isiqjdf.a

urKh" 1997 jif¾ fmardfoKsh

úYajúoHd,fha bxðfkare mSGfha

tia' jrm%ldYa isiqjdf.a urKh"

tu jif¾§ u isÿ jQ wïmdr

ydä ;dlaIK wdh;kfha le¨ï

;=Idr úfÊ;=x. isiqjdf.a

urKh fuka u miqj o wjia:d

lsysmhl§ kjl joh fya;=fjka

isÿ jQ ishÈú ydks lr .ekSï

furg úYajúoHd, b;sydihg

tla lr ;sfnkafka l¿ me,a,ï'


iNdj úiska 2015 jif¾ isg isÿ

lrk ,o Ragging & Sexual & Gender-Based Violence (SGBV)

in the Sri Lanka University System-2018/2019 iólaIKhg

wkqj fï olajd kjl joh

fya;=fjka ishÈú ydks lr .ekSï

16la jd¾;d ù ;sfnkjd' tys

wjidk isÿùu f,i jd¾;d jkafka

2019 jif¾ wfm%a,a 01 jeks Èk

fudrgqj úYajúoHd,hg wkqnoaê;

wdh;khla jk Èh.u ;dlaIK

wdh;kfha m<uq jir

bf.kqu ,enQ Yks,al

È,aYdka isiqjdf.a ishÈú

ydkslr .ekSu hs' 2018

jif¾ o ishÈú ydks

lr .ekSug W;aidy

±rE isÿùï folla

jd¾;d fjkjd'

fuys§

kjl johg tfrys j lghq;= l<

Y%S chj¾Okmqr úYajúoHd,fha

l<ukdlrK mSGfha f;jeks jif¾

bf.kqu ,enQ iuka; ú;dkf.a


isiqjd 2002 jif¾§ >d;khg ,la

ùu o fmkakqï lrkafka kjl

jofha wudkqIsl me;slv hs'

kjl johg miqìu f.dvke`.Su

kjl joh hkafkka 1996 wxl

20 ork wOHdmk wdh;kj,



wkqj ks¾jpkh lrkafka mq¿,a

w¾:hlska jqj;a úYajúoHd,hg

msúfik kjl

isiqka b,lal

lr .ksñkq hs

fndfyda úg

th l%shd;aul

jkafka' uq,a Èk

lsysmh ;=< kjl

isiqka yd fÊHIaG

isiqka w;r iqyo;dj

j¾Okh lr .ekSfï

wruqKska isiqka

y`ÿkd .ekSug lghq;=

flfrkafka úys¿ ;y¨

lsÍï" .S .ehSu" keàu

jeks l%shdldrlïj,ska

jqj;a miqj oreKq jo

ysxid olajd th

jHdma; ùu hs olakg

,efnkafka' uE;l§

úYajúoHd, kjl

joh isÿ l< jold.

dr o yuq ùfuka fmkS

hkafka o fï ysxik

l%shd uq,a neif.k

;sfnk mrdih hs'

fï iòyd iyNd.s

jkafka isiqka iSñ;

msßilaa jk neúka

Tjqkaf.a tu yeisÍu miqmi

iudcuh ldrKd mj;sk nj o

we;eï úoaj;=ka m%ldY lrkjd'

fï iïnkaOfhka woyia olajk

fmardfoksh úYajúoHd,fha b;sydi

wOHhk wxYfha uydpd¾h tka'

ta' úu,fiak¦ —úYajúoHd, kjl

joh ,nd §ug fhduq jk orejka

ksÍlaIKh lsÍfï§ meyeÈ,s jk

lreKla jkafka Tjqka nyq;rhla

.ïno wvq myiqlï iys;

m%foaYj,ska meñKs wh ùu hs'

tfy;a kjl johg tfrys msßi

w;r fndfyda fokl= kd.ßl

m%foaYj, by< myiqlï uOHfha

bf.kSu ,enQ wh' fï ksid kjl

joh hkq tla me;a;lska mka;s

ffjrh msßueiSula f,i y`ÿkajd§u

je/È keye' fuys§ ta iòyd lrk

úkh yd kS;s úfrdaë l%shd ksid

wjidkfha mSvd ú`Èkakg isÿ

jkafka wju wd¾Ól f¾Ldfõ

my<ska isák whg hs' fï h:d¾:h

f;areï f.k wOHdmkh ;=<ska

mka;s fNaoh ch .ekSug Wkkaÿ

ùu YsIH m%cdj yuqfõ mj;sk

wNsfhda.h hs'˜

ta ldrKfhka meyeÈ,s

jkafka iudcfha we;s ke;s

mr;rh w;r mj;sk úIu;dj

Rcq j u úYajúoHd, mßirhg o

we;=¿ ù we;s njla' fmardfoKsh

úYajúoHd,fha cd;sl úYajúoHd,

md,l iNdfõ idudðl kS;s{

Wmq,a l=udrmafmreu o wjOdrKh

lrkafka iudc úIu;dj ;=<

w;aolsk ldrKd úYajúoHd,h

;=< o l%shd;aul jk nj' fï

w;r m<uq jir isg isõjeks

jir olajd isiqka w;r OQrdj,sh

mj;ajdf.; hdfï wruqKska

fï l%shdldrlï isÿ jk nj

mjikafka fld<U úYajúoHd,fha

b;sydi wOHhkdxYfha wdpd¾h

ks¾ud,a rxð;a foajisß' wfkla

w;g YsIH foaYmd,k l%shdldrlï

iòyd n,y;aldÍ f,i fmd<Ujd

.ekSula o isÿ flfrk nj hs Tyq

mjikafka' fï ldrKh ;yjqre

lrk úYajúoHd, m%;smdok

úYajúoHd, kjl joh ,nd §ug fhduq jk orejka ksÍlaIKh

lsÍfï§ meyeÈ,s jk lreKla jkafka Tjqka

nyq;rhla .ïno wvq myiqlï iys;

m%foaYj,ska meñKs wh ùu hs' tfy;a kjl johg tfrys msßi w;r fndfyda fokl= kd.ßl m%foaYj,

by< myiqlï uOHfha bf.kSu ,enQ wh' fï ksid kjl joh hkq tla me;a;lska mka;s ffjrh msßueiSula f,i y`ÿkajd§u je/È keye'


fldñIka iNdfõ ksfhdacH iNdm;s

uydpd¾h mS' tia' tï .=Kr;ak

fmkajd fokafka o foaYmd,k

u;jdo kjl isiqka ;=< ;yjqre

lsÍug kjl joh fhdod .kakd

njla'

flfia fj;;a kjl joh

isÿ lrk isiqkaf.a u;h jkafka

iudcfha úúO ;rd;srïj,ska

meñfKk isiqka ;=< tlu udkisl

uÜgulg .ekSu Tjqkaf.a fï

jEhu nj' th l< yelalla

fkdjQj;a hï ;rulg tl u

úYajúoHd, isiq msßila jYfhka

iduqysl j lghq;= lsÍug tu

W;aidyh idOdrKShlrkh l<

yels jqj o oreKq ,sx.sl ysxik

olajd fï l%shdj,sh f.k hdu kï

lsisfia;a wkqu; l< fkdyels

hs' fmardfoKsh úYajúoHd,fha

YslaIK frdayf,a ufkda ffjµ

rks,a wfíisxy iòyka lrk

wdldrhg fujeks oreKq joysxid

isÿ lrk msßia fm!reI wl%ñl;d

( personality Disoder ) iys;

jQjka' ljqreka fyda ÿla ú`Èk úg

ta foi n,d i;=gla ,eìh yels

fujeks mqoa.,hka Sociopathy f,i y`ÿkajk udkisl jHdêfhka

fmf<k nj hs Tyqf.a iòyk'

lreKq tfia kï kjl joh

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úfYaI wjOdkhla fhduq lsÍu

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fjkjd'

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kjl jofha Nhdkl m%;sM,hla

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jif¾§ th h<s kjlhkag ,nd

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l%shd;aul jkafka'˜

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lsÍu;a t;rï f,fyis myiq

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úg;a jirlg fooyilg wdikak

kjl jofha fÄokSh brKu

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fiùu ld,Sk wjYH;djla njg

m;a j ;sfnkjd' wm kjl joh

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j¾;udkfha Bg tyd .sh kjl jo

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olakg ,efnkafka'

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tfy;a furg rdcH úYajúoHd, iy

rdcH fkdjk wOHdmk wdh;k

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j ne,Sug hs iudch mqreÿ ù

isákafka' tfy;a iudch is;kafka

keye fï iq¿ msßila lrk kjl

joh ksid fooyilg úYajúoHd,

wOHdmkh wysñ jk nj' iodld,sl

ldhsl yd udkisl frda.Ska ìys jk

nj' fï ksid u Tjqka iudc.; jQ

úg iudch flfrys ffjrhlska"

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jkafka'

fï ;;a;ajh fjkiaúh hq;= hs'

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wOHdmkh ,eìh yels mßirhla

úYajúoHd,h ;=< f.dv keÕsh hq;=

hs' tuÕska rgg" iudchg wdorh

lrk nqoaêu;=ka msßila ìyslsÍu hs

jeo.;a jkafka'

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tï' tï' mS' fla' udhdÿkafkf,alï

k.r ie,iqï" c, iïmdok yd Wiia wOHdmk wud;HdxYh


isiq msßila rdcH úYajúoHd,j,ska

neyer fjñka mj;sk jd;djrKhla

f.dvkeÕS ;sfnk ksid'

fï wkqj kjl jofha fï

idmfhka .e,ùug kï fláld,Sk

fuka u È.=ld,Sk mshjr /ilg hdu

wjYH fjkjd' th tla md¾Yajhlg

muKla isÿ l< yels ld¾hhla

fkdfj hs'

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iNdj úiska 2017 fmnrjdß ui

22 jeks Èk isg kjl joh ms<sn|

meñ‚,s lsÍug 0112-123700 iy

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;sfnkjd' Bg wu;r j Emergency Safety App kñka cx.u ÿrl:k

myiqlula o y`ÿkajd § ;sfnkafka

tu ld¾hh myiq lsÍug'

´kEu iudc úfrdaë l%shdjla

fyda kS;s úfrdaë l%shdjla fyda isÿ

jQ úg thg ms<shula f,i kS;sh

Yla;su;a lsÍu hs fndfyda úg

isÿ jkafka' Y%S ,xld wdKavql%u

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m%;smdok i,id ;sfnkjd'

flfia fj;;a kjl joh msgq

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iïu; ùu b;d jeo.;a jkafka kS;s

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ksid' tA wkqj 1998 wxl 20 ork

wOHdmk wdh;kj, kjljoh

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l%shd ;ykï lsÍfï mk; iïu;

ùu;a iuÕ fï jk úg wÞ< j/

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lrñka ;sfnk w;r úfgl kjl

johg ,la jk isiqka fuka u

foudmshka iy isú,a iudcfhka

fpdaokd kefÕkafka th ksis f,i

l%shd;aul fkdjk njg' we;eï

úg fï kS;suh l%shdud¾. .ekSug

úYajúoHd, md,kdêldßfhka

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iqÔj wurfiak fmkajd fokafka

o fï jk úg úYajúoHd, mßY%h

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j mßirh ks¾udKh lr ;sfnk

nj' fï w;r kjl johg tfrys

j udkisl yd YdÍßl miqìu

f.dvke`.Su i|yd yuqod kdhl;aj

mqyqKqjla o l%shd;aul jQfha óg

jir lsyshlg fmr' tys o idOkSh

yd ksfYaOkSh ldrKd meje;s w;r

th È.=ld,Sk j l%shd;aul jqfKa

keye'

flfia fj;;a fï iïnkaOfhka

kS;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfï§ tys

ukao.dó njg kÕk fpdaokd

m%;slafIam lrk kS;s{ Wmq,a

l=udrmafmreu mjikafka th ksis

f,i l%shd;aul jk nj' tfy;a

Tyq kÕk ;¾lh jkafka kS;sh

;Èka l%shd;aul lsÍfuka muKla

fï iudc m%;sfYdaOkh l< yels

o@ hkak hs' tA i|yd Tyq fhdackd

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,efnk mka;s úIu;dj wr.,h

ms<sn| iriú YsIH m%cdj ±kqj;a

lsÍfï wjYH;dj'

flfia fj;;a kjl jofha fï

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kjl joh yryd f.dvkef`.ñka

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j.lSula'

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yelshdj by< nj'


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kjljohg Ndckh ù ;sfnkjd'

tys§ YdÍßl ysxik 17]la jd¾;d

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;sfnkafka ,sx.sl ysxik' kjljohg

isiqka m%;spdr ±laùu ksid th ;=rka

lsÍfï fkdyelshdjla o u;= ù

;sfnkjd' fï ksid isiqka ;=< ìh"

ksYaYío;dj msreKq ixialD;shla

;uhs ìys ù ;sfnkafka'

fuys wys;lr m%;súmdl

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foaYk iòyd iyNd.s;ajh wvqùu"

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ishÈú kid .ekSï wd§ ldrKd'

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neyer ùu;a kjljofha wys;lr

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fï iólaIKhg wkqj tf,i

úYajúoHd,h yer f.dia ;sfnkjd'

isiqka iy wdpd¾h uKav, w;r

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jir olajd yqfol,d yd ìfhka

hq;= yeisÍula fmkaùu" kjljohg

,lajQjka úYajúoHd, wdpd¾h

uKav,hg ne`ÿKq úg Tjqkaf.a

p¾hdj,g iy wdl,amj,g th

wys;lr f,i n,mEu o kjljofha

wys;lr m%;sM,'

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fhduq fkdlsÍu" YsIH ix.ï

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meje;aug fya;= ù ;sfnkjd' flfia

fj;;a ;joqrg;a úYajúoHd,

md,kdêldßfha úfYaI wjOdkh

fï iòyd fhduq lsÍu w;HjYH

fjkjd'

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fldñIka iNdj fj; ,eî

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kjljohg tfrys j lghq;= lsÍfï

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l<d hqfkiaflda wdh;kh iu`.

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iNdfõ woyia yd f,dal nexl=fõ

kHdh m;% l%shd;au; lsÍu Tiafia

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W;aidy ork njg f.fkk

tu ;¾l .Kka fkd.; hq;=

hs' YsIHhkaf.a ksoyig" igka

lsÍfï whs;shg wm .re lrkjd'

thg úreoaOùula thska woyia

lrkafka keye' kjljoh u`.ska

YsIH foaYmd,kh lsÍu hs iqÿiq

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,laIK hs l%shd;aul jqfKa'

j¾;udkfha tjeks ;;a;ajhla

keye'

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,efnkafka' tlu u;jdohla

tys§ ±ßh hq;= w;r úúO woyia

orkakkag ±ä o`vqjï ú`§ug hs isÿ

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fjkia lsÍug kï tf,i o`vqjug

,lajk isiqkaf.a iydh wjYH

fjkjd' úYajúoHd,j, kjljohla

l%shd;aul fkdjk njg fÊHIaG

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njg idlaIs ,nd .ekSfï wNsfhda.h

úYajúoHd, mßmd,khg ;sfnk

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fya;=j hs' we;eï úg úYajúoHd,

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ud¾I,ajre mjd ta i`oyd bÈßm;a

jkafka keye' tfy;a we;eï úg

fï ldrKfha§ Bg ueÈy;a jk

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njla lsisÈkl jd¾;d ù keye' fï

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kjl joh bkaÈhdfõ

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u fuys we;s m%Odk u moku

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kjl joh olajd meñK we;af;a

ta Wiq¿úiq¿ lr.ekSï' kjl

joh §fuka isÿ flfrkafka

kjlhkag iudcdkqfhdackh

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frda.Ska njg m;aùu;a fÄokSh

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njg m;a lrk iy Èúkid .ekSug

fmd<Ujk ;;a;ajhla o thska

we;s fjkjd' thska wksgq m%;sM,

w;ajkafka jo nkaOkj,g Ndckh

jk whg muKla fkdfj hs'

l%shd;aul lrk msßig o tjeks foa

udkisl jYfhka n,mEï lrkjd'

úYajúoHd,j,ska msgjk fndfyda

fokd iudcfha by< ;,j,g

fhduq jqj;a Tjqkaf.a fm!reIfha

LKavk we;s lsÍug fujeks

foaj,ska we;sjkafka oreKq

n,mEula' flfia fj;;a kjl

joh idOdrŒlrKh lsÍug lsis÷

fya;=jla keye' idOdrŒlrKh

fjkqfjka bÈßm;a lrk fya;=

m%isoaêfha m%ldYhg m;alsÍula isÿ

jkafka;a keye' we;eïúg kjl

joh l%shd;aul lrk msßia mjd

m%ldY lrkafka Tjqka tjeks foag

úreoaO nj hs' we;euqkaf.a u;h

jkafka kjl joh ,nd§fuka isÿ

jkafka WmixialD;sh mjrd §u

nj hs' tfy;a fï lsisjla ms<s.ekSu

i|yd lsis÷ mokula keye'

ldxpkd isßj¾Ok

idOdrŒlrKhl< fkdyels jrola

wdpd¾h ks¾ud,a rxð;a foajisßb;sydih wOHhkdxYhfld<U úYajúoHd,h



kjl joh úúO wdldrhg w¾:

olajkjd' l=uk úÈyg w¾:

oelajqj;a ud ms<s.kakd wdldrhg

lsisu flkl=g udkisl fyda

YdÍßl fyda mSvkhla we;s lsÍug

lsisjl=g whs;shla keye' cd;sl

úYajúoHd, moaO;sfha isÿjk

oejeka; m¾fhaIK" kfjda;amdok"

cd;shg u wjYH lrk nqoaêu;=ka

odhdo lsÍu wdÈhg jvd l;dnyg

,lafjkafka fï kjljoh .ek'

tla f,ilska th l;dnyg ,la

lsÍu l< hq;a;la' tfy;a fu;ek§

jeo.;a jkafka fï ms<sn| j

iudcfha l;dnyla f.dv ke.=K;a

k;r fkdfjkafka wehs hkak'

wfma w;aoelSï wkqj fndfyda

YsIH YsIHdjka kjljohg

úreoaO hs' tfia ysxikhka lrkak

n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka fndfyda

orejka úYajúoHd,hg tkafka

keye' tfy;a hï ixúOdkd;aul

msßila úiska Tjqkaf.a udkisl

.eg¨" mSvk ksid fyda fjk;a

l=ula fyda isoaêhla ksid isÿ lrk

ysxidldß ls%hd fya;=fjka ;ekska

;ek kjl joh u;= fjñka

;sfnkjd'

wfma nqoaê wxY fï ms<sn|

ie,ls,su;a fkdfjkafka wehs hk

m%Yakh hs ug ;sfnkafka' kjljoh

fok lsishï flkl=g úreoaO j

úYajúoHd,h o~qjï mek jQ úg

ta kjl joh isÿ l< mqoa.,hd

fír.kak ljqrej;a bÈßm;a

fjkafka keye' YsIH ix.ï" YsIH

m%cdj" wdpd¾hjre fï ljqrej;a

bÈßm;a jkafka keye' bka woyia

lrkafka úYajúoHd, YsIH m%cdj

tlfy,d kjl johg úreoaO hs

hkak hs' óg jir myf<djlg fmr

chj¾Okmqr úYajúoHd,fha isÿ jQ

iuka;f.a >d;kh jeks isÿùï Bg

miqj chj¾Okmqr úYajúoHd,h

;=< jd¾;d jqfKa keye' tA" tjeks

ls%hdjka isÿ fkdùug úYajúoHd,h

;=< miqìula f.dvkeÕ=Kq ksid'

úYajúoHd, ;=< muKla

fkdfj hs oeka fjk;a Wiia

wOHdmk wdh;k" mdi,aj, o

kjljoh yd iïnkaO isÿùï

jd¾;d fjkjd' fï kjl joh yd

iïnkaO jk msßia ms<sn| f;dr;=re

nqoaê wxY uÕska /ia lr tjeks

isÿùï je<elaùu i|yd cd;sl

jevms<sfj<la Tiafia l%shd;aul ùu

w;sYhska jeo.;a'

ksfrdaIs fodU.yf.a

nqoaê wxYj, ueÈy;aùu hs wjYH jkafka

uydpd¾h iïm;a wur;=x.

Wml=,m;s Y%S chj¾Okmqr úYajúoHd,h

wfma nqoaê wxY fï ms<sn| ie,ls,su;a fkdfjkafka wehs hk m%Yakh hs ug

;sfnkafka' kjljoh fok lsishï flkl=g úreoaO j úYajúoHd,h o~qjï mek jQ úg ta kjl joh isÿ l<

mqoa.,hd fír.kak ljqrej;a bÈßm;a fjkafka keye'


úYajúoHd, isiqkaf.a udkisl frda.;a kjl

joh;a w;r Rcq iïnkaO;djla mj;sk nj wm

l< ixLHdk úYaf,aIK m¾fhaIKhlska ;yjqre jQ

lreKla' ta wkqj iEu mqoa.,hka 5 fokl=f.ka tla

whl=g u hï udkisl frda.hla je<§fï wjodku

±ä jYfhka mj;sk nj ufkda ffjoHjre fmkajd

fokjd' idudkHfhka jirlg úYajúoHd,hg kjl

isiqka 1000la meñ‚fha kï Rcqj u tA w;=ßka 200lg

muK udkisl wia:djrNdjhla ;sfnkakg mq¿jka' fï

200fhkq;a wm l< ;j;a mÍlaIKhlg wkqj 1000l

<uhska lKavdhula meñ‚ úg bka Rcqj u udkisl

frda. iys; msßi 40la nj fy<s jqKd' iq¿ udkisl

wia:djr;dj, isg ±ä udkisl wia:djr;dj,ska fï

<uhs fmf<kakg mq¿jka'

wLKav j §¾> ld,hla fï orejka udkisl jo

ysxikj,g" ldhsl wmyiq;dj,g ,la ùfï§ fï frda.S

;;a;ajh W;aikak ùfï m%;sY;h b;d u jeä hs' tfuka

u udkislj wia:djr j isá 200l msßig udkisl

frda. je<£fï wjÞku o b;d by< hs' fï fÄokSh

brKug f.dÿre jk orejkag ksis f,i ksÞ .ekSug;a"

uQ,sl wjYH;d bgq lr .ekSug;a wjia:djla fkdue;s

ùu Nhdkl ;;a;ajhla'

fuhg ì,sjkafka kjlhla muKla fkdfj hs' tl

lKavdhulska ;j;a lKavdhula wêl f,i md,kh

lsÍu ksid úYajúoHd,hla ;=< È.ska È.g u mj;skafka

johla' th úúOdldrfha myr§ïj, isg ,sx.sl

wmfhdackh jeks oreKq ;;a;ajhla olajd Èla .eiaiqKq

wjia:d Y%S ,xld úYajúoHd, b;sydih ;=< ke;sj u

fkdfj hs' wjidkfha fï orejka ;;a;ajdfrdamKh

ùu ksid ^nf,ka tA mßirhg yqreùu& ìh.=¨ RK

wdl,am iys; mrdëk" ks¾udKYS,s;ajh" úpdrYS,s;ajh

fudg jQ msßila njg m;a fjkjd' fï ;;a;ajh b;du

ydkslr hs Tjqkaf.a fm!reI ixj¾Okhg' fï msgqmi

;sfnk hïlsis foaYmd,khl f.dÿre" w;fld¿ njg

m;afjkak Tjqkag isoaO fjkjd' úúO frda.j,ska

fmf<k orejka jf.a u fjk;a ckj¾.j,g wh;a

orejka ysxikhg ,laùu fuys we;s ;j;a ydkslr

;;a;ajhla' Nskak W!k fm!reIhlg ,la jQ fï msßi

w;ßka mdGud,d yer od hk isiqka fuka u jirla

miq ù wOHhk lghq;= kej; wdrïN lrk isiqka o

isákjd'

mka;s idud¾:hla iys; j wOHhk lghq;= ksis

f,i iïmQ¾K lr .; fkdyels j we;eï isiqka ÿla

úÈkafka o fï lrorh ksid' uQ,sl whs;Ska lmamdÿ

l< úYajúoHd, ;=< wmg olskakg ,efnkafka ñh .sh

nqoaêuh mßirhla' fï ksid úYajúoHd,j, WmfoaYk

fiajd mj;ajdf.k hdu o olakg ,efnkjd'

miq.sh jir 4l ld, iSudj ;=< lrk ,o ixLHd

f,aLk ú.%yh fy<slf<a fujekakla' udkisl

wjmSvkhg m;a j isá orejka ixLHdj 40]la' 21]

l m%;sY;h NS;sldj yd idxldfjka fm¿Kq wh' 18]la

ishÈú kid .ekSfï p¾hdj m%o¾Ykh l<d' b;sß 21]

l m%;sY;h ksfhdackh lf<a mYapd;a lïmk" fm!reI

ixj¾Ok .eg¨" fm!reI wl%ñl;d" ìkak Wkaudoh

fuka u weíneysùïj,g ,la jQ orejka' fuf,i

iuia;fhka ie,lsh hq;= msßila ysÈisfha udkisl

frda.S ;;a;ajhg m;ajkafka kjl jofha f.dÿrla ùu

ksid'

fï iïnkaOfhka iïmdokh jQ kS;sh fld;rï

Yla;su;a jqj;a th ksishdldrfhka ls%hd;aul fkdùu

wog;a m%fya<sldjla' fï úIu pl%h ;=< wysxil

orejkaf.a Ôú; wdrlaId lr fokak lsisu whl=

bÈßm;a jkafka keye' pQÈ;hkag tfrys j idlaIs f.dkq

lsÍug;a ksis l%ufõohla w;HjYH hs' Bg wjYH n,;,

mjrk ,o ksYaÑ; tAllhla iEu úYajúoHd,hla

;=<u ia:dms; lsÍug l;sldjla f.dvkeÕsh hq;= hs'

fï ;%ia;jdoh fkdmudj mrdch l< yelafla kS;sfha

wdêm;Hhg l,a fkdurd bv §fuka'

ufyaIsld Èidkdhl

ufkda WmfoaYkhg uq,a ;ek

wdpd¾h chm%idoa fj,a.ufcHIaG lÓldpd¾hinr.uqj úYajúoHd,h


kjl joh iïnkaOfhka

mj;sk kS;suh rduqj .;a

úg th l%shd;aul jkafka 1998

wxl 20 ork wOHdmk wdh;kj,



wkqj hs'

fï mk; wkqj kjl johg

iïnkaO jQ whl= ufyaia;%d;ajrhl=

bÈßfha kvq úNd.hlska jrolrejl=

jqjfyd;a wjqreÿ 2lg fkdjeä

nrm;< jev iys; isr o~qjulg

hg;a jk w;r jkaÈ f.ùug o

isÿ fjkjd' ,sx.sl ysxikhla fyda

nrm;< ;=jd, lsÍula fyda isÿ

l<fyd;a wjqreÿ 10lg fkdjeä

isr o~qjulg hg;a jk w;r jkaÈ

f.ùug o isÿ fjkjd' idmrdë

n,y;aldrlula l<fyd;a wjqreÿ

5lg fkdjeä nrm;< jev we;s

isro~qjula o m%dK wemlrejl=

f,i r|jd .;fyd;a wjqreÿ 7lg

fkdjeä isro~qjula o ú£ug hs

isÿ jkafka' ,sx.sl ysxikhla isÿ

l<fyd;a ufyaia;%d;a wêlrKfha§

yefrkakg wem ,nd .; fkdyels

hs' fï mkf;a 8 jeks j.ka;sh

wkqj kvq mejÍfï§ jrolrejl=

jqjfyd;a Wiia wOHdmk

moaO;sfhka bj;a lsÍfï yelshdj

hs mj;skafka' tf,i jrog

jrolrejka jQ isiqka fndfyda

msßilf.a YsIHNdjh wfydais lr

;sfnkjd' flfia fj;;a fï jk

úg mk; Yla;su;a j l%shd;aul

jk nj lsj hq;= hs'

fndfyda úg úYajúoHd,

;=< YsIH .egqï t<shg tkafka

l,d;=lska' we;eï úg iq¿

ldrKd f,i i,ld úYaúoHd,

mßmd,kh kS;sh l%shd;aul lsÍug

fm<fUkafka keye' tfy;a kjl

joh ;=< wudkqIsl l%shdldrlï

isÿ jk úg ta i|yd lghq;= lsÍu

Tjqkaf.a j.lSula' tA jf.a u isiqka

fj; o iudc j.lSula mejfrkafka

uyck uqo,ska ksoyia wOHdmkh

,nk msßila f,i wOHdmkfha ksis

M, fk<d .ekSug' fuys§ ;j;a

jeo.;a ldrKhla jkafka ffjoH

jeks mSGj,ska kjl jo l%shdjka

wikakg fkd,eìu' fydxfldx"

fgdalsfhda" cjy,a,d¾fkare

jeks msgrg úYajúoHd,j,

;;a;ajh;a tfiau hs' Tjqkaf.a

úIh mdGud,dj, iajNdjh wkqj

tjeks l%shdj, ksr;jkakg Tjqkag

ld,hla keye' tfy;a we;eï wfma

rfÜ we;eï mSGj, ir, mdOdud,d

mj;sk úg isiqkag ksoyfia ld,h

f.jkakg wjldY ,efnkjd' fï

ksid mj;sk ,sys,a úIh ks¾foaY

kùlrKh ùu wjYH hs' tA iuÕ

u tAjd hdj;ald,Sk ùu /lshd

fjf<|fmd< .eg¨jg o úi÷ula'

wfkla nrm;, u ldrKh

jkafka kjl joh msgqmi ;sfnk

iudc w¾nqoh f;areï fkdf.k

lghq;= lsÍu hs' kjl joh isÿ

lrkakdg ;sfnk .eg¨j y÷kd

.; hq;= hs' Tjqka yeisfrkafkA

iudc mSvlhka f,i' fuhg

m%Odk fya;=j jkafka we;s ke;s

mr;rh ;=<ska ks¾udKh jk iudc

úIu;dj úYajúoHd, mßirfha o

l%shd;aul jk úg we;s .egqu hs'

fï ksid mq¿,a iudc

m%;sixialrKhla fkdlr

úYajúoHd,h ;=< kjl johg

tfrys j úi÷ï fiùug lghq;=

lsÍu m%dfhda.sl jkafka keye'

tys§ kS;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu uÕska

muKla th l< fkdyels hs' fï

iudc úIu;dj iy kjl joh

;=< mj;sk .%duHNdjh ms<sn|

wjfndaOhla isiqkag ,nd Èh hq;=

hs' tys§ fï ms<sn| mq¿,a iudc

lÓldjla we;s úu b;d jeo.;a'

ud,d u,aldka;s mrK.uf.a

mq¿,a iudc m%;sixialrKhla wjYH hs

kS;s{ Wmq,a l=udrmafmreuidudðl

cd;sl úYajúoHd, md,l iNdjfmardfoKsh úYajúoHd,h

j¾;udkfha fï kjl joh jeä

jYfhka u mj;skafka ol=Kq

wdishdkq rgj, hs' nx.a,dfoaYh"

bkaÈhdj yd YS% ,xldj tA w;=ßka

m%uqL ia:dkhla .kakjd'

W;=re weußldfõ" m%xYfha iy

mD;=.d,fha o we;eï Wiia wOHdmk

wdh;kj, kjl joh mej;=K o

ol=Kq wdishdkq rgj, mj;sk kjl

joh fuka th wudkqIsl keye'

YS% ,xldfõ kjl joh werô

uq,a ld,fha th ye¢kajQfha zu,a

iuhZ kñka' fuh i;shla fyda Èk

oyhla jeks ld,hla mej;=Kd' tÞ

mej;sfha kjl isiq isiqúhka ;u

.ïìïj, f;dr;=re" ióm ×;Skaf.a

f;dr;=re kï .ï jeks foa u;l

;ndf.k fþHIaGhka bÈßfha m%ldY

lsÍu" .S .ehSu" Èùu jeks idudkH

ls%hdldrlï' tys wruqK jQfha

kjlhka yd fþHIaGhka w;r

iqyo;ajh j¾Okh lr .ekSu hs'

miqld,Sk j kjlhkag m<uq

jif¾ we¢h hq;= we÷u" ysi mSßh

hq;= wdldrh" me<¢h hq;= mdjyka

j¾.h mjd fþHIaGhka úiska

;SrKh flreKq w;r fõIksrEmK

wdf,amk fyda kshfmd;= j¾K

.ekaùu jeks oE ;ykï flreKd'

miqj jdÑl mßNj lsÍu jeks

joj,g ,la flreKq w;r l%ufhka

th YdÍßl jo ysxid njg m;aj

j¾;udkfha oreKq ,sx.sl wmpdr

olajd j¾Okh ù ;sfnkjd'

kjl joh kñka ye¢kafjk

kjlhka mSvdjg m;a lsÍfï

ls%hdj,sfha b;sydih 7 jeks iy 8

jeks ishjia olajd úysfokjd' th

wdrïN jQfha .S%l ixialD;sfhka

nj hs mejfikafka' tys lS%vd

mdi,aj,g kjlhka meñ‚ l,

Tjqka mßNjhg ,lalsÍu iy

iroï lsÍfï ls%hdj,shla tjl

mej;=Kd' miqld,Sk j kjl joh

j¾Okh jQfha yuqÞ fin`Mka

w;r hs' m<uqjeks f,dal hqoaOfha

igka fmruqKg .sh we;eï yuqÞ

fin`Mka hqoaOh wjika ùfuka

miq Wiia wOHdmkh ,eîu

i|yd Wiia wOHdmk wdh;k

yd úYajúoHd, fj; h<s fhduq

jqKd' ;uka yuqÞ l|jqrej, w;aú¢

úúO mSvd úYaajúoHd, yd Wiia

wOHdmk wdh;kj,g msúfik

kjlhka i|yd w;ayÞ ne,Sug fï

msßi W;aidy l<d' miqj th úúO

uqyqKqjßka j¾;udkh olajd meñK

;sfnkjd' 19 jeks ishjfia w.Nd.

fha yd 20 jeks ishjfia uq,a Nd.fha

kjl joh wdY%s; m%pKav;ajhla

hqfrdamh mqrd jHdma; jqKd' kjl

joh fya;=fjka isÿ jQ m<uq urKh

f,i jd¾;d jkafka 1873 fldak,a

úYajúoHd,fha§ urKhg m;a jQ

fcda¾Ê kue;s YsIHhdf.a urKh hs'

1960 oYlh olajd bkaÈhdkq

úYajúoHd,j, kjl joh idudkH

isÿùula muKla jqKd' miqj ±ä

j th me;sr .sfha jHikhla

f,i' úfYaIfhka l=,h" wd.u yd

ixialD;sl jYfhka fn§ jo

ysxid meñKùu ±lsh yels jqKd'

isiqka w;r meje;s wd.ñl l=, yd

ixialD;sluh tÈßjdÈlï úi|d

.ekSu i|yd o Tjqka kjl joh

wúhla lr .;a;d' by< hehs

iïu; l=,j, isiqka my;ahe hs

iïu; l=,j, isiqkag m%ydr t,a,

l<d' we;eï wh urd ±ïud' fï

;;a;ajh fl;rï W.%% jQjd±hs

lshf;d;a iuia; bkaÈhdfõ u kjl

joh ;ykï njg 2001 jif¾§

bkaÈhdkq fY%aIaGdêlrKh ksfhda.

hla mekjQjd' weußldfõ fnfyúka

kjl johg ,la jQfha l`M cd;sl

isiqka' l`M iqÿ fNaoh u; kjl joh

;=<ska m<s.ekSug iqÿ cd;sl isiqka

mshjr .;a;d'

/.g uq,msÍu

ms%hkacka iqf¾Ia o is,ajd

m<uqjeks f,dal hqoaOfha igka fmruqKg .sh we;eï yuqÞ fin`Mka hqoaOh wjika ùfuka miq Wiia wOHdmkh ,eîu i|yd Wiia wOHdmk wdh;k yd úYajúoHd, fj; h<s fhduq jqKd' ;uka yuqÞ l|jqrej, w;aú¢ úúO mSvd úYaajúoHd, yd Wiia wOHdmk wdh;kj,g msúfik kjlhka i|yd w;ayÞ ne,Sug fï msßi W;aidy l<d'



w;S; ießirw;S; ießir

tx.,ka;fha flaïì%Ê

úYajúoHd,fha by< u

wOHdmkh ,nd wêkS;s{hl= f,i

iu;a ù ish rg meñ‚ Þ isg

fnda;f,a j,õfõ uoaÿu mq;d jQ

we*a'wd¾'fiakdkdhl lf<a cd;s"

wd.ï" l=, wd§ fNao fkdn,d rgg

ksoyi ,nd .ekSug lghq;= l<

yels whg w; ys; §u hs' fkdfhla

úg tjeks whf.a ls%hdud¾. id¾:l

lr .ekSu ms‚i ñ, uqo,ska o Tyq

Þhl jqKd'

tl, iajfoaYSh kdhlhkag

ish rcfha úúO n,;, iSñ;

m%udKhlg m%Þkh lrkakg bx.S%is

rch lghq;= l< o Tjqkg lsis

f,ilska fyda udisl j kshñ;

fõ;khla msßkukakg ie,eiqï

lr ;snqfKa keye' ta" ksid Tjqka

ish úhyshoï ;uka w;ska u ord

.;a;d'

jrdf.dv ä'î'ch;s,l uq,ska u

.=rejrhl= f,i;a fn!oaO kdhlhl=

f,i;a lghq;= lr tx.,ka;,g

f.dia Tlaia*a¾â úYajúoHd,fha

wêkS;s{hl= f,i by<ska u iu;aj

h<s ishrg meñ‚h o kuqÿ Tyq

kS;sfhka uqo,a yßyïn lrkakg

Widú .sfha keye' Tyqg whs;s j

;sfnkafka mshdf.ka ,o foam, yd

uE‚hkaf.ka w¨;ska ,o foam,

muKla nj;a Tyq ±k .;af;a

l,lg fmr§' úoaj;a f,aLlhl=

f,i;a ´kEu foaYSh yd úfoaYSh

rdcH kdhlhl= yuqfõ ish

olaI;d ±laúh yels mqoa.,hl= f,i

ch;s,l .ek ±k isá t*a'wd¾'

fiakdkdhl fï wjia:dfõ§

Tyq fjkqfjka ;uka lsishï uy

fufyrla bgq l< hq;= hehs isf;a

iksgqyka lr .;a;d'

thska miq Tlaf;dan¾ udifha

uq,a i;sfha Èfkl jrdf.dv

ch;s,lf.a ksfjig meñ‚

fiakkdhl iq¿ l;dnylska miqj

—,eia;sfj,d tkak .ukla hkak˜

hehs lshd isáhd'

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Ydkrfha iudrïNlhd Tyq h hkak

iy ks¾Ok mdka;sl uyd .;alre

h hkak' fï ye¢kaùï oaú;ajh

u w;sYh ksje/È hs' fnd,afIúla

mCIfha idudðlhl= f,i 1917

jif¾§ kj iuQydKavqjg"

fidaúhÜ foaYh ìyslr .ekSu

ms‚i idys;H l,d fCIa;%fhka

úYd, ld¾hNdrhla bgq lf<a

f.da¾ls úiska' tfy;a Tyq weiqf¾

f.dvkeÕS ;snqfKa w;sYhska u

ixlS¾K f,aLlhl=f.a Ôú;hla'

fojrla u Tyq uõráka msgqjy,a ù

Ôj;a jqKd' f.da¾ls m<uq msgqjy,a

iuh f.jkafka ^1906 - 1913&

ol=Kq b;d,sfha le*aÍ ¥mf;a' fï

jljdkqfõ úYsIag wOHdmk{hl= jQ

wekfgda,s ¨kdpd¾ials le*aÍ ¥m;g

meñfKkafka f.da¾lsf.a werhqñka'

miq lf,l ìys jQ fidaúhÜ foaYfha

wOHdmkh yd ixialD;sh Ndr

fldñid¾jrhd jQfha o Tyq hs'

1921 jif¾§ fojeks jrg Tyq

msgqjy,g msg;ajkafka n¾,skaj,g'

jir 1924 § isÿ jQ f,kskaf.a

urKh iïnkaOfhka fnfyúka u

lïmdjg m;ajk f.da¾ls f,kskaf.a

urKh fjkqfjka iïmdokh

lrkafka b;du;a u úYsIag ,smshla'

th f,dal uÜgñka b;d u m%p,s;

hs' 1932 jif¾§ fcdai*a iagd,skaf.a

wdrdOkhla we;sj hs Tyq kej;

uõ rgg meñfKkafka' f,kska

ìys l< foaYmd,khg úreoaO j

iudcjdofha wuq;= u uqyqKqjrla

u¾okh Tiafia ks¾udKh lrkak

W;aidy l< fcdai*a iagd,ska yd

f.da¾ls tlaùu flkl=g tl meyer

tlÕ úh yels ldrKd fkdfjkak

mq¿jka' fï Tyqf.a Èú meje;afï

;Sj% ixlSs¾K;d fy<s l< tla

wjia:djla'

l=vd wjêfha jhi wjqreÿ 11

msfrk úg u Tyq wkd:hl= ù yudr

hs' w;a;ïudf.a /ljrKfhka

ksoyia ù f.da¾ls m<dhkafka jhi

wjqreÿ 12 §' 1887 jif¾ Èúkid

.kak W;aidy lrk Tyq bka

ñ§fuka miq <ud lïlrejl=" <ud

fufylrejl= f,i jev lrkjd'

kj fhdjqkaúh olajd u Tyqg ysñ

j ;snqfKa we;eï úg flkl=g

úYajdi l< fkdyels ;rfï ÿlaÅ;

lïlre Ôú;hla' Tyqf.a m<uq

jeks flál;d tl;=j 1892 jif¾§

m<jkafka zuld¾ pqøZ kñka' b;d

meyeÈ,s j id¾ wêrdcHhdf.a

frÔuhg úreoaO j ls%hd l<

f.da¾ls wdrïNfha isg u b;d ióm

j weiqre lf<a Tyqf.a iuld,Sk

f,aLlhka jk wekagka fpfld*a"

je,Èó¾ lrf,kaflda jeks wh

iuÕ' f.d¾ls fidaúhÜ f,aLl

ix.ufha m%Odkshd njg m;a jkafka

1932 jif¾§' fï ;k;=r Ndr

.ekSu wo olajd u ;=vq § ;sfnkafka

nrm;< újdoj,g'

1934 jir jk úg f.da¾ls

kej;;a iagd,ska m%uqL kj

kdhlhka iu`. we;s lr.kafka

yDoh idCIsh wysñ lr fkd.;a

mqrjeisfhla

wdpd¾h ysksÿu iqks,a fifkúfcHIaG lÓldpd¾h NdId wOHhkdxYh

YS% ,xld inr.uq úYajúoHd,h


m%;sm;a;suh úril' Bg wu;r j

1934 jif¾§ uelaisï fmaIafldõ kï

wdorŒh mq;=f.a úfhdaj Tyq ;=<

we;slrkafka o nrm;< ì|jeàula'

bka jir follg miq isÿ jQ

f.da¾lsf.a urKh iïnkaOfhka

1938 jif¾§ wik ,o kvq úNd.h

m%isoaO jkafka znqldßkaZ kvq

úNd.h kñka' tys§ kej; j;djla

wkdjrKh jkafka f.da¾lsf.a

urKh fndfydaÿrg >d;khla úh

yels nj' ye, yemamSïj,ska .yK

jQ f.da¾lsf.a flá Ôú; jljdkqj

wjfndaO lr .ekSu u tla;rd

ydialula'

fï ye, yemams,sj,ska miq

f.da¾lsf.a idys;H Ôú;h fln÷

o@ hkak wOHhkh l< hq;= hs' th

kjl;d" flál;d" kdgH" <ud l;d"

pß;dmÞk wd§ nrm;< idys;H

iïudoula f,i y÷kajkak mq¿jka'

zf*dud f.d¾ofhõZ kjl;dj Tyq

m< lrkafka 1899 jif¾§' jir

1900§ fYa%IaG zwïudZ keu;s kjl;dj

m<jkjd' zw¾:ufkdaõ,df.a f,dalhZ

Tyq w;ska ,shfjkafka jir 1927§'

pQ,dkkao iurkdhl úiska fuh

2017 jif¾§ tkï jir 90 lg

miq isxy,hg ke`.Su mqÿuh okjk

lreKla' uld¾ pqø flál;d

ix.%yfhka miq 1895 jif¾§

m<jkafka zfp,a lEIaZ flál;d

ix.%yh'

bkamiq 1902 jif¾§ f.da¾ls

fõÈldj ch .kafka 'Lower Depths' kdgH ks¾udKh lrñka'

zysre ke;s f,djZ kñka th

isxy,hg kdgH wOHlaIKh

lrkafka rxð;a O¾ulS¾;s úiska'

,dxflah bx.S%is fõÈldfõ jdr

.Kkdjla u ksIamdokh l< 'Lower Depths' wNskj ,hk,a fjkaâÜ

rx.Yd,sldfõ rÕ ±la jQ m%:u

kdgHh o jqKd' tys m%Odk pß;hg

mK fmõfõ whsrdx.kS fiarisxy hs'

jir 1905§ f.da¾lsf.a 'Children of the Sun' ^ysref.a <uhs& kdgHh ìys

fjkjd' bkamiq f.da¾ls YS% ,dxflah

mdGlhka w;r uy;a u;lhla

njg m;ajkafka pß;dmÞk ksid'

tAjd we;=<;a jkafka iAjhx ,sÅ;

pß;dmÞk keu;s idys;Hh Ydkrhg

hs' f.da¾ls ;u Ôú; l;dj rpkd

lrkafka fldgia ;=klska' 1914

jif¾§ z<udúhZ keue;s m<uqjeks

fldgi;a jir 1916§ zñksiqka w;rZ

keu;s fojeks fldgi;a m<jkjd'

f,kskaf.a urKhg jirlg fmr

tys f;jeks fldgi m<fjkafka

zuf.a iriúZ kñka' fï .%ka: ;s%;ajh

u isxy,hg keÕ=fõ fYa%IaG mßj¾;l

±È.u ú' reøs.= úiska' f.da¾lsf.a Ôjk

l;d ;s%;ajfha mqÿuh Wmojk n,mEu

,dxflah idys;H .¾Nfha fndfyda

ld,hla ;siafia fndfyda mqoa.,hkaf.a

f,aLl Ôú;j, m%fõYh" wdrïNl

WfoHda.h o,ajkak fnfyúka

bjy,a jqKd' Bg fya;=j jQfha w;sYh

ixlS¾K;d .eíjqKq f.da¾lsf.a

Ôú;h úYaj idys;H iïudoug tla

l< úfYaI;ajh hs'

ñksia Èúfha iajNdjh"

ukqIHhl= Wmojd .; hq;=

ffO¾hh" ukqIHhl=f.a Ôú;

ld,h ;=< m%.=K l< yels

bjiSu" f.da¾lsf.a Èúfha iqúfYaIS

lvbï jqKd' fidaúhÜ reishdfõ

n,.;= u f,aLlhl= f,i f.da¾ls

ms<s.efkkafka ñksia Èúhla ;=<

bgqlr .ekSug ÿIalr" úYajdi l<

fkdyels uÜgfï wem lem ùula

Tyqf.a flá Ôú; ld,h ;=< m%lg

flreKq ksid'

tn÷ ÿlaÅ; Ôú;hla .; l<

orejl= we;eï úg iudc l%uhg

ffjr lrkak mq¿jka' iudchg

ffjr n¢kq fjkqjg ;j;a

tjka <ud lïlrejl= reishdfõ

cks; fkdjk jevms<sfj<lg hs

f.da¾ls w; .eiqfõ' Tyq ksjerÈ

j f;dard.;a tA udj; ukqoyu

uq,a lr.;a foaYmd,khla' f.da¾ls

yeoEÍu hkq wmg jerÿKq iy

jerfokakg bv ;sfnk iEu ;ekla

u fkdjroaÞ f.k jev lrkakg

wjYH ffO¾hh Wmojd .ekSula'

f.d¾lsf.a f;dard.;a we;eï

fm!oa.,sl ,sms isxy,hg mßj¾;kh

ù wjika' fuhska b;d u jeo.;a

,sms tl;=jla isxy,hg keÕ=fõ

rEmisß fmf¾rd úiska' tA" zf.da¾lsf.a

yo.eiau fyj;a ohdnr i;HhZ

kñka' fï lD;sfha .eíjQfha f.da¾ls

yd iqm%lg m%xY f,aLl frdfïka

frd,dka ^1866 - 1944 & w;r we;s jQ

,sms yqjudrefõ idrh hs' reishdkq

idys;Hh fmdaIKh l< hq;=

wdldrh iïnkaO j Tyq frdfïka

frd,dkag jd¾;d lrkjd' fidaúhÜ

foaYh /ln,d.kak iy foaYfha

ixialD;sl foayh Tijd ;nkak ±la

jQ ueÈy;aùu iy Tyqf.a ie,iqï

iy.; nj fuhska ukd j úoHudk

jkq we;s'

fï úYajidys;Hh

±jeka;hdf.ka Wlyd .; hq;=

mru wdo¾Yh o fuh hs' 1868 jif¾

bm§ 1936 jif¾ Ôú;fhka iuq.;a

Tyq ndysr j fl;rï w¾nqoj,ska

.yK Ôú;hla f.jQj o i;Hh

Ôú;fha yDoh idCIsh wysñ lr

fkd.;a fYa%IaG f,aLlfhla'

,dxlslhkag hs fï werhqu; ks¾Ok

mka;sl wfma wdorŒh úYaùh

mqrjeishd w¨;a udkhlska lshjd

.kak'

idlÉPd lf<a (

ufyaIsld Èidkdhl


kdgHkdgH

m%ùK kdgHfõ§ mrdl%u

ksßwe,a, iy wNdjm%dma; tÉ'

ta' fmf¾rdf.a uQ,sl;ajfhka wdrïN

flreKq zcklr<shZ fï jk úg

igyka lr ;sfnkafka jir 17l

b;sydihlaa' nyq jd¾.sl" nyq wd.ñl

kjl kdgH Ys,amSka /ila iuÕ

Tjqka fï ixialD;sl ls%hdj,sh 2003

jif¾ cQ,s 29 jeks Èk wdrïN lf<a

iduh yd iyÔjkh hk ixl,amh

iudc.; lsÍfï wruq‚ka' prkaÞia"

ueá lr;a;h" ysre kef.k ;=re"

;s;a; lyg jeks kdgH /ila

ks¾udK l< cklr<sh ;u 17

jeks ixj;airh fjkqfjka kj;u

kdgH folla fõÈldjg f.k tAug

iQÞkï' bka m<uqjekak rîkaøkd;a

;df.darhkaf.a z.srjdf.a l;djZ

^Parrot's Tale& kue;s flál;dj

weiqßka mrdl%u ksßwe,a, úiska

isxy,g mßj¾;kh fldg

fõÈldjg ks¾udKh l< z.srd

mka;shZ kï kdgHh hs'

tu flál;dj ;df.darhka

w;ska ,shjqfKa tA jk úg

bkaÈhdjg y÷kajd § ;snQ mdi,a

wOHdmkh ms<sn| j úfõpkd;aul

iy Wmydid;aul f,i ne,Sula

ú,iska' ñksid wOHdmkh ,eìh

hq;af;a flfia o@ l=ug o@ fï

m%Yak bkaÈhdj hqfrdamShhkaf.ka

ksoyia ùug wr., lrk ld,fha

isg úoaj;=ka w;r mek keÕS

;snqKd' tjl bkaÈhdkq mdi,a

wOHdmkh ngysr l%uhg wkq.;

fjñka ;snqKd' ±kqug muKla

uq,a;ek foñka iSud jeg fldgq

ueo yqfol,d jQ wixfõ§ ñksil=

ìyslrk wOHdmkhla fjkqjg

úYajh iy wdOHd;añl;ajh iuÕ o

mßirh yd iykqnoaO jk mßmQ¾K

.srd mka;shhs jx..sßhhs

ms%hkacka iqf¾Ia o is,ajd

kdgHfõ§mrdl%u ksßwe,a,


ñksil= ìys l< yels wOHdmkhla

ms<sn| j rîkaøkd;a ;df.da¾

mç;=ud ;u wjOdkh fhduq lr

;snqKd' t;=ud úiska rÑ; z.srjdf.a

l;djZ tjl bkaÈhdfõ fuka u

j¾;udkfha wfma rfÜ mj;sk

wOHdmk l%ufõofha o ms<sìUqjla

n÷ hs' lkakka.r wOHdmk

m%;sixialrKj, wka;¾.; jQ ±kqu"

udkùh w.hka yd l=i,;d hk

wx.hkaf.ka mßmQ¾K jQ nqoaêu;a"

úpdrYS,S ñksil= ìys lrkq fjkqjg

wo mj;skafka ±kqñka muKla

ysi mqrjd .;a wixfõ§ mrmqrla

ìys lrk wOHdmksl ls%hdj,shla'

;df.da¾;=udf.a z.srjdf.a l;djZ

wfma wOHdmk l%uh ms<sn| j o

kej; is;d n,kakg uÕ mdok

ks¾udKhla'

;df.da¾f.a z.srjdf.a l;djZ

flál;dfõ pß; rdYshla iy

isÿùï rdYshla ;sfnkjd' tA ish,a,

kdgHhlg f.dkq lsÍu wiSre

ld¾hhla nj mjik mrdl%u

ksßwe,a,¦ zzuu tu l;dfõ iuia;

hd:d¾:h yl=,d z.srd mka;shZ

kñka rx. N+ñhg iß,k mßÈ

ilia l<d'˜

cklr<sh ksIamdokh lrk

fojeks kdgHh wdpd¾h O¾ufiak

m;srdchka úiska rÑ; zjx..sßhZ

kue;s kdgH msgm; weiqßka

ks¾udKh jQjla' m;srdc th rpkd

lf<a zfldrd iy wkaOhdZ kue;s

kdgH rpkd l< ld,fha u hs' tA"

yefÜ oYlfha w. Nd.fha§' tu

kdgHh zmhksy,aZ kñka fou<

NdIdjg mßj¾;kh lr cklr<sfha

Ys,amSka úiska 2011 jif¾§

fõÈld.; l<d'

tA ms<sn| woyia olajk

mrdl%u ksßwe,a,¦ zzug m;srdcf.a

zjx..sßhZ kdgH msgm; ,enqfKa

zfldrd iy wkaOhdZ kdgH fou<

nig mßj¾;kh fldg ksIamdokh

lsÍu i|yd Tyqf.ka wjir .ekSug

.sh wjia:djl hs' Tyq zjx..sßhZ

msgm; ud w; ;nd yelskï thskq;a

kdgHhla ksIamdokh lrk fuka

b,a,d isáhd' ug Tyqf.a b,a,Su

läkñka bgq l< yels jqfKa keye'

kdgHh ks¾udKh lsÍug fmr

Tyq wm yer .shd' Tyqf.a ohdnr

ìß| ud,skS m;srdc uy;añhf.a

wdYS¾jdoh we;sj ±ka th fuf,i

lr<shg f.k tkakg wmg yels

jqKd'˜

zfldrd iy wkaOhdZ kdgHfha

fuka u zjx..sßhZ kdgHfha o

we;af;a pß; folla muK hs'

zjx..sßhZ kdgHfhka lshefjkafka

úuqla;s ud¾.hla fidhd l,am

.Kkdjl .ukl fhfok

ñksfila iy Tyq legqj hk

.eyekshl ms<sn| wN+;rEmS l;d

mqj;la' zjx..sßhZ ksIamdokh

lsÍu zfldrd iy wkaOhdZ ;rï

myiqlr ld¾hhla fkdjQ nj

mrdl%u mjikjd' tys pß; iy

háfm< ;=< ieÕù ;snQ kdgHhla

f.dvkexùug Wmldrl jk

m%ldYkh u;=msgg f.k tAu Tyqg

myiq ld¾hhla jqfKa keye' tA

i|yd k`Mjd iy ks<shg o ±ä

lemùula lsÍug isÿ jqKd'

zcklr<shZ fï jk úg igyka lr ;sfnkafka jir 17l b;sydihlaa'

nyq jd¾.sl" nyq wd.ñl kjl kdgH Ys,amSka

/ila iuÕ Tjqka fï ixialD;sl ls%hdj,sh 2003 jif¾ cQ,s 29

jeks Èk wdrïN lf<a iduh yd iyÔjkh

hk ixl,amh iudc.; lsÍfï wruq‚ka'

iskudj Wfoid u msysg jQ

tlu rdcH wdh;kh jk

rdcH Ñ;%mg ixia:dj iskud

iïudk m%Þkhg wj;S¾K jkafka

1970 oYlh w. Nd.fha§' m%:u

ckdêm;s iskud iïudk Wf<,

meje;afjkafka 1970 jif¾' tA" j¾I

1978 § uq,a jrg m%o¾Ys; ,dxflah

iskudmg mdolfldg f.k'

f.jqKq oYl i;rl ld,h ;=<

fyd|u iskudmghg ysñ ckdêm;s

iïudkh ysñlr .;af;a znUre

weú;aZ" zm<.eáfhdaZ" z.Õ woaorZ"

zneoafoa.uZ" zuyf.orZ" zovhuZ'

zwreKg fmrZ" zhq.dka;hZ" zfldá

j,s.hZ" z.=re f.orZ" zf,dl= ÿjZ"

zÿju ujl ñiZ" zfÞrlv udrejZ"

z;S¾: hd;%dZ yd zifrdacdZ jeks

iskudmg' fï w;rg zmdrÈf.a Z"

zfid,aÞÿ WkakefyaZ" ziqoaÈ,df.a

l;djZ" znjÿlZ jeks iskudmg

we;=<;a fkdùu kï ksrkqudk j

újdohlg ;=vq fokjd'


miq.sh Þ meje;a jQfha 19 jeks

jrg' fuh iqúfYaI;ajhla i,l=Kq

lrk wjia:djla' j¾I lsysmhla u


meje;ajQfha keye' fï ksid YS% ,xld

cd;sl Ñ;%mg ixia:dj ;SrKh

lf<a f.jqKq j¾I ;s%;ajhla u

mdol fldgf.k iïudk m%Þkh

lrkakg' 2016" 2017 yd 2018 hk

j¾I we;=<; uq,a jrg m%o¾Ys;

,dxflah iskud mg 79la fufia

iïudk m%Þkh i|yd i,ld ne,su

we;a; jYfhka u ÿIalr ld¾hhla'

uydpd¾h meá%la r;akdhlf.a

yd wdpd¾h áhqv¾ ùrisxyf.a

iNdm;s;ajfhka hq;= úksYaph

uKav,h fï ÿIalr ld¾hfhys

ksr; jQfha bÈß.dó újdo i|yd o

mD:q, wjldYhla mdÞ foñka'

19 jeks ckdêm;s iskud iïudk

Wf<, tl w;lg j¾;udk

,dxflah iskudfõ .=Kd;aul msúiqu

wmQrejg ms<sìUq l< wjia:djla o

fjkjd' fuh ikd: lrk m<uq

idOlh jkafka f.jqKq f;jir ;=<

uq,a jrg m%o¾Ys; ,dxflah iskudmg

fï Tiafia m%;slsheùulg ,la lsÍu

jvd myiq ksid'

fujr fyd|u iskudmghg ysñ

iïudkh ysñ lr .;af;a zwef.a

wei w.Z ^2016&" 28 ^2017& yd z±fjk

úyÕ=kaZ ^2018& hk iskudmg' fuys§

úksYaph uKav, flfrys ;shqKq

wNsfhda. t,a, lf<a hehs yefÕk

iskudmg lsysmhla u y÷kd .kakg

mq¿jka' tA zfudag¾ nhsisl,aZ ^2016&

zihfm;s l=iquZ^2016&" zfm%auh

kïZ^2017&" ziq<Õ .sks wrkaZ ^2017&

zksïkhl yqfol,djZ ^2017&" zksfkda

,hsõZ ^2017&" ziajrEmZ ^2017&" zue;sõZ

^2018& jeks iskudmg'

iskudj l,d;aul yd

újdÞ;aul m%ldYkhla fia woyk

m%;sNdiïmkak ;reK yd kjl

iskudlrejla msßilf.a wd.ukhla

f.jqKq f;jir ;=<§ y÷kd .kakg

mq¿jka' Tjqkaf.a iyNd.s;ajh

wrNhd m%udKj;a ie,ls,a,la

±laùu fujr ckdêm;s iskud

iïudk Wf<f,a tk ;j;a hym;a

,laIKhla' wfYdal y|.u yd

m%ikak chfldä 2016 yd 2017 j¾I

fjkqfjka fyd| u wOHlaIKhg

ysñ ckdêm;s iïudk ysñlr

.ksoa§ 2018 j¾Ih fjkqfjka

fyd|u wOHlaIKhg ysñ ckdêm;s

iïudkh Èkd .;af;a kj mrmqf¾

iskud wOHlaI ixÔj mqIaml=udr'

tfia u ixÔj" m%ùK iskud rx.k

Ys,amskS wfkdaud ckdoÍ iuÕ

úYaj lS¾;s iïudkfhka msÿï

;=is; chiqkaor

iskudiskud

f;jirl iskud wNsfIalh


,eîu o ixÔjg m%n, ;r.lrejka

fkdisáfha o hk m%Yakhla fu;ek

§ mek kÕskjd'

fndfyda iïudk i|yd jQ

ks¾foaY hgf;a m%ùKhka fia u kj

mrmqf¾ Ys,amSka Ys,amskshka o y÷kd

.; yels ùu ie,lsh yelafla

wkd.;h Wfoid l< m%Yia;

wdfhdackhla f,iska' iïudk

m%Þkfha§;a fï nj m%ldYhg m;a

jqKd'

ufyakaø fmf¾rd fyd|u k¿jdg

ysñ iïudkh 2017 yd 2018 hk

fojirg wÞ< j ysñ lr .kakd úg§

2016 jirg wÞ< j fyd|u k¿jdg

ysñ iïudkh ysñ lr .;af;a kj

mrmqr ksfhdackh lrk oiqka

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foi;sh · 2019-10-30 · foi;sh 04 2019 wf.daia; 1 ys,amfiakd h:d¾:hla lsÍug fjfyi jq úohd...

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