formaldehido mexico
TRANSCRIPT
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NDICE DE CONTENIDO
PAGINA
RESUMEN.2
CAPITULO 1 :
INTRODUCCION. .3
CAPITULO 2:
ANALISIS DE LAS POSIBLES RUTAS DE OBTENCION ..5
CAPITULO 3:
LOCALIZACIN Y DISTRIBUCIN DE LA PLANTA...7
CAPITULO 4 :
BALANCE DE MATERIA Y POTENCIAL ECONMICO14
CAPITULO 5 :
DESCRIPCIN DE LAOBTENCIN DE FORMALDEHIDO.19
CAPITULO 6:DISEO DE E!UIPOS...26
CAPITULO ":
APENDICE A : HO#AS DE SE$URIDAD E IMPACTO AMBIENTAL....40
APENDICE B : COSTOS Y ESTUDIOS DE MERCADO.47
CONCLUSION....54
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RESUMEN
U%& '( )&* +,-%-+/)(* &0(-&* '( )/ -%'*,-/ 7-/ 7&'(,%/ &%*-*( (% /)/%8/, )/ 79-7/+,&'-;% / % 7%-7& &*&< +&, )& ( (* %((*/,-& 7-%-7-8/, )&* -(7+&* 7(,&*< ,('-, ()
&%*7& '( *(,--&* = 7/(,-/* +,-7/*. A'(79*< *( '(0(% '((/, )&* +,&0)(7/* >(%(,/'&* +&, )/7/)/ &+(,/-;% '() +,&(*& +/,/ &0(%(, () 7/=&, ,(%'-7-(%& '( +,&'&* = % 7%-7& '(*0+,&'&*. P&, /) 7&-&< (* %((*/,-& +,&?%'-8/, (% () (*'-& '() +,&(*& +/,/ '(?-%-, )&*+,&0)(7/* ,-&* ( )& /?(/% = +,&+&%(, *&)-&%(*.
E% () +,(*(%( +,&=(& *( (?(/,9 % /%9)-*-* &7+/,/-& '( )/ +,&'-;% '( ?&,7/)'(@-'& / +/,-,'( 7(/%&) (7+)(/%'& '&* ,/*: )/ +,-7(,/ &% //)-8/'&,(* '( +)// = )/ *(>%'/ &% //)-8/'&,(*'( ;-'&* 7-&*. E) /%9)-*-* &7+,(%'( () (*'-& '( 7(,/'&< )&* &*&* '( 7/(,-/* +,-7/* )/*&%'--&%(* '( &+(,/-;%< () (-+& -)-8/'& = () -7+/& /70-(%/).
OBJETIVO
A%/)-8/, )/* ,/* '( &0(%-;% '( ?&,7/)'(@-'& / +/,-, '( 7(/%&) &% //)-8/'&,(* '( +)//
= //)-8/'&,(* '( ;-'&* 7-&*.
C&%&(, )/* +,&+-('/'(* ( -7+/& /70-(%/) '( +,&'&* = *0+,&'&*. C&7+/,/, () +&(%-/) (&%;7-& '( /'/ ,/ 7('-/%( () 0/)/%( '( 7/(,-/. D((,7-%/, )/ ,/ &% 7/=&, -/0-)-'/'. R(/)-8/, )/ '(*,-+-;% = '-/>,/7/ '( +,&(*&.
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CAPITULO 1: INTRODUCCION.
FORMALDEIDO.
E) ?&,7/)'(@'&< HCHO< /70-% &%&-'& &7& ?&,7/)-%/< ?&,7&)< /)'(@'& ?;,7-&< 7(/%/)< (* ()
+,-7(, 7-(70,& '( )/* *(,-(* '( )&* /)'(@'&* /)-?9-&*< (* %& '( )&* 7-&* &,>9%-&* 79*-7+&,/%(* -)-8/'& @&= (% '/ (% %/ >,/% /%-'/' '( /--'/'(* = /+)-/-&%(*.
ANTECEDENTES.
E) ?&,7/)'(@-'& ?( +,(+/,/'& +&, +,-7(,/ (8 +&, () 7-& ,*& A.M. B)(,& (% 15< /%(B)(,& %& *+& ( @/0/ &0(%-'& () ?&,7/)'(@'&< * '(*,-+-;% '( )/* +,&+-('/'(* ?*-/* =7-/* '() &7+(*&< -%)=(%'& () /-*)/7-(%& '() +/,/?&,7/)'(@-'& = )/ *%(*-* '( )/
@(/7(-)(%&(,/7-%/ *&% -%''/0)(7(%( &0,/ *=/.
A.. H&??7/% *-%(-8; () ?&,7/)'(@'& '()-0(,/'/7(%( (% 16 +&, )/ ,(/-;% '() 7(/%&) = () /-,((% +,(*(%-/ '( % //)-8/'&, '( +)/-%& /) +&%(, (% &%/& %/ &,,-(%( '( /-,( /,>/'/ '( /)&@&)7()-& &% % (*+-,/) '( +)/-%& -%/%'(*(%(.
E% 16 L&(G -%(%; () 7&'& '( &0(%-;% &% //)-8/'&, '( &0,(< = (% 11 B)/% +/(%; ()+,&('-7-(%& '() //)-8/'&, '( +)//.
L/ +,&'-;% -%'*,-/) &7(%8; (% A)(7/%-/ (% 1 = (% )&* EUA (% 11. S-% (70/,>& )/
+,&'-;% *( @-8& *&)/7(%( (% (*/)/ )-7-/'/ /%(* ( /+/,(-(,/% )/* ,(*-%/* ?(%;)-/* &7(,-/)(*(% 11. D(*'( @/( /,-&* /J&* *( ?/0,-/% /%-'/'(* ,(-(%(* '( ?&,7/)'(@'& +&, )/ &-'/-;% '()>/* %/,/) = '( )&* @-',&/,0,&* /)-?9-&* -%?(,-&,(*.
APLICACIONES ! USOS DEL FORMALDEIDO.
L&* +,&(*&* '( +,&'-;% = 7/(,-/* +,-7/* +/,/ () F&,7/)'(@'& @/(% ( (*( *(/ % +,&'&-%(,7('-& '( >,/% /0%'/%-/< 0/& &*&< /)/ +,(8/ = /7+)-/ (,*/-)-'/' +/,/ *& (% 7@/*-%'*,-/* '( ,/%*?&,7/-;% 7-/< (%,( )/* /)(* +&'(7&* -/, )/* *->-(%(*:
F/0,-/-;% '( ,(*-%/* ?(%;)-/*< ,(*-%/* ,(/K?&,7/)'(@-'& = ,(*-%/* 7()/%-%/K?&,7/)'(@-'&
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F/0,-/-;% '( ?(,-)-8/%(* '( %-,;>(%& '( )(%& '(*+,(%'-7-(%& '(*-%?(-;% '( *(7-))/*
/>,-),/.
L&* +,&'&* '() ?&,7/)'(@-'& -(%(% /)>%/* /+)-/-&%(* &7& //)-8/'&,(* = (% )/
+,(+/,/-;% '( 7/(,-/)(* //)-&*.
O/*-&%/)7(%( *( (%(%,/ /+)-/-;% (% )&* &*7-&* +/,/ +,((%-, )/ ((*-/
,/%*+-,/-;%.
U-)-8/'& (% )/ *%(*-* '( -%(*.
F/0,-/-;% '( (+)&*-&*.
E% )/ 7('--%/ *( */ +/,/ )/ '(*-%?(-;% = (*(,-)-8/-;% '( (-+& 7'-& = (% +,(+/,/-&%(*
'( +,(*(,/-;% '( (-'&*.
E% )/* -%'*,-/* 7(9)-/* *( )( (7+)(/ / ,/* '( ** +,&'&*< &7& -%@-0-'&, 9-'& =
/>(%( ,('&,< (% )/ ,(+(,/-;% '( &,& = +)// = +/,/ &+(,/-&%(* '( ()(,&+)/(/'&. E% ?&,7/)'(@-'& = )&* &7+(*&* ( )-0(,/% ?&,7/)'(@-'& (%(%,/% %/ /7+)-/ = /,-/'/
/+)-/-;% (% ?&&>,/?/.
S( */ &7& +,(*(,/%( (% /0&%(*< '((,>(%(* = />(%(* '( )-7+-(8/.
E% )/ -%'*,-/ /8/,(,/ *( */ &7& -%@-0-'&, '( ,(-7-(%& 0/(,-/%& (% )&* >&* '( /J/.
S( */ &7& 0-&-'/ = />(%( /-)-/, '( ,(?-%/'& (% )/ -%'*,-/ '() +(,;)(&.
L/ -%'*,-/ />,&)/ )& */ (% )/ +,(*(,/-;% '( >,/%&*< '(*-%?(-;% '() *()&< +,&(-;% '(
)/* ,/(* '( +)/%/* &%,/ -%?(-&%(* = &7& +,&(-;% '( +,&(%/ '-(/,-/ (% /)-7(%&*. E% )&* /)-7(%&* -(%( /+)-/-;% &7& +(,*(/%( '( /)-7(%&* *(&* = (% )/ +,(*(,/-;% '(
+(*/'&< /(-(* = >,/*/* +/,/ ,7-/%(*.
E% )/ +(,?&,/-;% '( +&8&* +(,&)(,&* *( */ &7& (@)& (% +,&(*&* '( '(+&*--;% &%
/+&,.
L/ -%'*,-/ '() (,& */ () F&,7/)'(@'& (% () +,&(*& '( ,--;%.
E) ?&,7/)'(@-'& / (7+(,/,/ /70-(%( (* % >/* -%&)&,& ( (% +,(*(%-/ '( -%)*& +((J/*
-7+,(8/* *( +&)-7(,-8/ ,9+-'/7(%(. H/= ,(* ?&,7/* &7(,-/)(* '( +,(*(%/-;%:
1. E% *&)-;% /&*/ /) 33K55.
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POSIBLES
RUTAS
PROCESO
CONCATALIZADOR
DE PLATA.
PROCESO
CON
CATALIZADOR
DE OIDOS
METALICOS.
2. E% ?&,7/ ,7(,/ )-/< ,-&/%&< ( *( &0-(%( +&,,/%*?&,7/-;% //)-/ +&, 9-'&* '( ?&,7/)'(@-'&.
3. E% ?&,7/ '( +&)7(,& '() ?&,7/)'(@-'&< &%&-'&&7& +/,/?&,7/)'(@-'&.
CAPITULO 2: ANALISIS DE LAS POSIBLES RUTAS DE OBTENCION.
PROCESOS DE OBTENCION DEL FORMALDEHIDO
E*( /+)& &,,(*+&%'( / )/ '(*,-+-;% >(%(,/) '() +,&(*& '( &0(%-;% '( ?&,7/)'(@-'& / +/,-, '(7(/%&) *( ,(/)-8/ +&, '&* +,-%-+-&* '( ,(/-;%< =/* +,-%-+/)(* '-?(,(%-/* *&%:
1. DESHIDRO$ENACION U OIDESIDRO$ENACION EN PRESENCIA DE
CATALIZADORES DE PLATA A> Y COBRE C.
E*( +,&(*& *( ,(?-(,( /) //)-8/'&, '( +)// &7& ,-*/)(* & ,('(* 7(9)-/*< '-*,-0-'/*&,'(%/'/7(%( (% () ,(/&, (% %/ /+/ '( +&&* (%7(,&*.
E% () +/*& -%--/) '( '(*@-',&>(%/-;% )/ ,(/-;% (*:
CH3
OHHCHO+H2
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VENTAJAS
T,/0/1/ / +,(*-;% /7&*?B,-/. L/ /'--;% '( />/ (* 0(%B?-/
+/,/ () +,&(*&.
DESVENTAJAS
R(-(,( (:(*& '( M(/%&) (%7(8)/ /-,(K7(/%&).
S0+,&'&* ;:-&* ACO/ -(%( /,-&* (?(&*< ()(/ )/ &%(,*-;% '() 7(/%&)-;% = (+)-/%'& )/* -%'*,-/* (,/%/* +,&(('&,/* '( 7/(,-/* +,-7/* ='(*-%//,-/* '( )&* +,&'&*.
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
VENTAJAS DE LA "ONA SELECCIONADA.
L/* &7%-/-&%(* (% )/ 8&%/ '( !(,/,& *&% 7= 0(%/*< (-*-(%'& /,-/* /&+-*/* = /,,((,/*( &%(/% &% +%&* )/( '( )/ >(&>,/?/. T&'/ (*/ ,(' '( /,,((,/* +(,7-( ( () ,/%*+&,( '()/* 7/(,-/* +,-7/*< (-+&*< +,&'&*< (. *(/ 7= *(%-))& = ( ?9-)7(%( )&* /7-&%(* +('/%))(>/, / )/ +)/%/ *-% &7+)-/-&%(*.
P&, &,/ +/,(< (-*(% 7/(,-/* +,-7/* ( +,&-(%(% '( &,&* +/*(* +&, ((7+)& () //)-8/'&, '(7&)-0'/& '( @-(,,& III ( *( &7+,/ '( S-8/ +&, )& ( &'/ (*/ ,(' '( ,/%*+&,( = )/* '-?(,(%(*+&*-0-)-'/'(* '( ,/%*+&,( &7& )& (* () +(,& '( Q(,/,8 ?/-)-/ *&0,(7/%(,/ )/ ))(>/'/ = (%& '((-+&* = **/%-/*. A'(79*< )/ ?/-)-'/' '( ,/%*+&,( /70-% +(,7-( ( (% /)>% /*& *- *( ,((
%((*/,-& *( +('/ -%(%/, )/ &7(,-/)-8/-;% '() +,&'& =/ %& *&)& (% '-@/ 8&%/< *-%& (% &,&**--&* '( M-&.
E) (,,(%& '() ( '-*+&%( )/ +)/%/ / * /),('('&, (* ((%*&< )& ( +&*-0-)-/ (< /%( %((*-'/'(*'( )/ +)/%/< *( +('/% ,(/)-8/, /7+)-/-&%(* '( (*/ (% (,,(%&* /%(&* 7('-/%( * &7+,/ +,(-/.A'(79*< &7& () ?&,7/)'(@-'& %& *( *()( */, &7& /)< *-%& ( )/ 7/=&, +/,( *( &%-(,( (%,(*-%/*< (-*( )/ +&*-0-)-'/' '( )/ -%*/)/-;% '( %/ +)/%/ '( ()/0&,/-;% '( ,(*-%/* '( ?&,7/)'(@-'&( *( 0-( /%(/ / )/ +)/%/ (% (*'-&.
E) )-7/ -7+(,/%( (% )/ 8&%/ (* 0/*/%( 0(%&)&< '(%&7-%9%'&*( / (*( /70-(%( )-7/7('-(,,9%(&. E*( )-7/ (*9 /,/(,-8/'& +&, -%-(,%&* */(* = (,/%&* /),&*&*< +,(-+-/-&%(*
%& 7= ()(/'/* = )/* &,,-(%(* '( -(%& %& *&% 7= ?(,(*. P&, ())&< %& (-*(% >,/%'(*-%&%(%-(%(* )-79-&* (% )/ 0-/-;% '( )/ +)/%/.
E% &'/ )/ 8&%/ (-*(% 7)-+)(* -%'*,-/*< *-9%'&*( 7@/* +)/%/* 7-/* '( '-?(,(%( %'&)(.E* %/ &7/,/ 7= -%'*,-/)-8/'/< )& ( &%))(/ %/ *(,-( '( (%//* &7& *&% )/ &)/0&,/-;%(%,( +)/%/* (% 7/(,-/ '( *(>,-'/'< )/ 7(%&, '-*/%-/ '( ,/%*+&,( (%,( +)/%/* +/,/ (%-/, &,(&>(, 7(,/%/*< (.
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O,/ (%// (* ( (% )/ 8&%/ (-*(% /,-/* (7+,(*/* ( *( (%/,>/% '( )/ >(*-;% '( )&* ,(*-'&*&/%-8/'/ %;(*( ( (% )/ 8&%/< &%,(/7(%( (%T)/ H-'/)>&< (-*( %/ R(?-%(,/< >/*(&'&*< &)(&'&*< (. T&'& ())& ?/-)-/ (%&,7(7(%( (),/%*+&,( '( />/< ()(,--'/' = 7/(,-/* +,-7/* / )/ +)/%/.
CARA CTER$STICAS DE LA "ONA.
E% () +,(*(%( /+/,/'& *( (+&%',9%< '( 7/%(,/ &%-*/< )/* /,/(,*-/* 79* -7+&,/%(* '( )/,(>-;%.
T(7+(,/,/: )/ (7+(,/,/ 7('-/ (% )/ 8&%/ (* '( 1.5C< )/ /) (* -';%(/ +/,/ )/ /--'/'-%'*,-/). E-*(% 7@/* @&,/* '( *&) /) '/< )& ( +&*-0-)-/ )/ -%*/)/-;% '( +)//* *&)/,(*+/,/ /&/0/*((, / )/ +)/%/.
P,(-+-/-&%(*: )/* +,(-+-/-&%(* (% )/ ,(>-;% %& *&% ()(/'/*. E) /)&, 7('-& *&% "5.
7-)7(,&* I%*-& N/-&%/) '( E*/'*-/.
Q-(%&*: L/ ()&-'/' 79-7/ /)/%8/'/ +&, () -(%& (% )/ ,(>-;% (* '( 7@< +(,& %& *()(*+(,/, @/0-/)7(%( ()&-'/'(* 7/=&,(* / 4 7@.
S()&: () -+& '( *()& '( )/ ,(>-;% (* () &,,(*+&%'-(%( / 8&%/ '( !(,/,&< () /) *(/,/(,-8/ +&, %/ ?&,7/-;% '( /,-))/* = 7/,>/* ?-%/*. S&% *()&* +,&?%'&*< (*,,/&7+// (% () +(,?-) +(,& -,,(>)/, (% * *+(,?--(< /*- -7+(,7(/0)( +(,7-( +&& ()',(%/(< /)-8&* '( +H /)/)-%& = &% % &%(%-'& '( 7/(,-/ &,>9%-/ 0/*/%( /(+/0)(.
E7+,(*/* '( )&* /),('('&,(*: (-*(% 7)-' '( +)/%/* 7-/* (% )&* /),('('&,(* +(,& '(
)/* 79* -7+&,/%(* +/,/ )/ +)/%/ (* )/ R(?-%(,/.
E)(,--'/': )/ ()(,--'/' (*9 >/,/%-8/'/ +&, (*/, -%*/)/'/ (% )/ 8&%/ (%,/).
A>/: () />/ (*9 >/,/%-8/'/ +&, )/ ,(' '( 0(,/* '( )/ 8&%/ -%'*,-/) /70-% +&,+,&*+(-&%(* '( +&8&* +/,/ *//, />/ (% /*& '( %((*-'/'. A) />/ '( /)-7(%/-;% *( )(,(/)-8/,/% )&* ,//7-(%&* +(,-%(%(* +/,/ +&'(, &+(,/, &% ())/.
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D(+;*-&
C/,>/ = '(*/,>/
P/,( 1 P/,( 2
O%&'&()*+,(,-),*
E)/0&,/'&: M/(*,/ I%>. P,&(*&* UAM
S/)/ '( &%,&)
,(/ '( 7/%(%-7-(%&
E*/-&%/7-(%&
L%(/* '( ,/%*+&,(: )/ 8&%/ (*9 7= 0-(% &7%-/'/ +&, )/* /,,((,/* )-0,(* = '( +(/((,/ '( )/ 8&%/< /'(79* ( *( (%(%,/ (% )/ 8&%/ (%,& '() +/*.
$/* N/,/): () >/* %/,/) %((*/,-& (% )/ +)/%/ *( &0(%',9 '( % >/*(&'& ( *( (%(%,/(,/%& / )/ +)/%/. E) +,(-& '() >/* %/,/) '(+(%'( '() &%*7& '( (*(.
DISTRIBUCI#N DE LA PLANTA
A &%-%/-;% *( +,(*(%/ () (*(7/ 09*-& '( )/ '-*,-0-;% '( )/ +)/%/ = +&*(,-&, / )/ ?->,/ *('(*,-0(% /'/ %/ '( )/* 9,(/* %;(*( ( %& (* % +)/%&< (* % (*(7/ '( ;7& *( (%(%,/ )/+)/%/ '-*,-0-'/< *-% '-*/%-/*< %- (*/)/*.
L/* -%*/)/-&%(* &% )/* ( (%/ )/ +)/%/ *&%:
D(*,-+-;% '( +)/%&:
E/&%&'&* +,(,-),* %&'&()*:E% (*&* ('-?--&* *( (%(%,/% )/* &?--%/*< )/* 9,(/* &7%(*/?((,/< ,((+-;%< (. = )&* )/0&,/&,-&*. E%,( )/* &?--%/* (*/,9% )/* '( '-,(-;%< >(,(%-/= &%/0-)-'/'< 7('-& /70-(%(< *(>,-'/'< '-*(J&< (.
S)) /, '(-: T&'& +,&(*& %((*-/ *(, 7&%-&,(/'& = &%,&)/'& +/,/ /*(>,/, %/&+(,/-;% (?--(%(< -%,(7(%/, )/ &%?-/0-)-'/' = *(>,-'/'.
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-,) /, )(,(&&,(: E* () 9,(/ '&%'( *( (%(%,/% )/* &?--%/* '( 7/%(%-7-(%&?&,7/'& +&, /)7/% '( &7+&%(%(* +/,/ ,(+/,/-&%(*< +/,/ 7-->/, )/ &0*&)(*(%-/)&>*-/< /70-% (-+&* +/,/ ,(/)-8/, /%9)-*-* '( 7/%(%-7-(%& +,((%-&< &,,(-& =+,('--&.
A)'(: E* () 9,(/ (%/,>/'/ '( /)7/(%/, >,/%'(* (-+&* & 7/(,-/) ( +,&-(%( '() 9,(/'( /,>/ = '(*/,>/. A*< )/* >,/%'(* +-(8/* '( ,(+/,/-;%< )&* (-+&* %(&* = )&*//)-8/'&,(* +,(+/,/'&* +/,/ * -%*(,-;% (% )&* ,(/&,(* *( /)7/(%/,/% / +,(-/7(%( /* &)&/-;%.
-,) /, ')-+) /,*')-+): E* )/ 8&%/ '( ,9%*-& '( /7-&%(*< (*/ 9,(/ '(0( (*/, (,/ '( )/*8&%/* '&%'( *( (%(%,/% )&* +,&'&* 8&%/ '( '(+;*-&* = )/ 8&%/ '&%'( *( '(*/,>/% )/*&7+,/* ,(/)-8/'/* /)7/%.
"() F: E* )/ 8&%/ '&%'( *( ))(/ / /0& () +,&(*& '( +,&'-;% '( ?&,7/)'(@-'& / +/,-, '(7(/%&).
D,*&*: E* () 9,(/ '&%'( *( (%(%,/% )&* '(+;*-&* '( 7/(,-/ +,-7/< +,&'& = &,/***/%-/* ( -%(,-(%(% (% () +,&(*&.E* -7+&,/%( 7(%-&%/, ( (* )/ 8&%/ &% 7/=&,(* ,(*,--&%(* '( *(>,-'/'< '(0-'& / )/*
-7+)-/-&%(* '( 7/%(& '( 7/(,-/ +,-7/ +()->,&*/.
M),-&)* -&)*
A*(>,/, () /0/*(-7-(%& '( )/* 7/(,-/* +,-7/* / % +,(-& /(*-0)( (* -%'-*+(%*/0)( +/,/&%,-0-, &% () ;+-7& 7+)-7-(%& '( 7(/* '( +,&'-;% '( ?&,7/)'(@-'&.
L/* 7/(,-/* +,-7/* *&% 7(/%&)< /-,( /7&*?,-&< />/ = () //)-8/'&, '() ,(/&,.
M,)(.
L/ &,,-(%( '( 7(/%&) '( /)-7(%/-;% &%(%',9 % (% +(*& '() 7-*7& = () 2 ,(*/%( *(,9@-',&>(%& '-*()& (% (*(. S( ,(-0-,9 (*( 7(/%&) (% ?/*( )--'/ / (7+(,/,/ '( 2 V 25C.
E) 7(/%&)< /70-% ))/7/'& /)&@&) 7()-&< /)&@&) '( 7/'(,/< /,0-%&) = /)&@&) '( (7/,< (* ()+,-7(,& '( )&* /)&@&)(*.
L/ ?;,7)/ 7-/ '() 7(/%&) (* )/ *->-(%(:
L/ (*,,/ 7-/ '() 7(/%&) (* 7= *-7-)/, / )/ '() />/< &% )/ '-?(,(%-/ '( ( () 9%>)& '()(%)/( CKOKH (% () 7(/%&) 1. (* % +&& 7/=&, ( (% () />/ 14.5< +&,( () >,+& 7(-)&(* 7@& 7/=&, ( % 9&7& '( @-',;>(%&.
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E% &%'--&%(* %&,7/)(* (* % )-'& -%&)&,&< '( (*/*/ -*&*-'/' = '( &)&, = */0&, ?,/)+(%(,/%(< 7-*-0)( (% />/ = &% )/ 7/=&,/ '( )&* *&)(%(* &,>9%-&*< 7= ;-& ( -%?)/7/0)(. E)&)&, (* '((/0)( / +/,-, '( )&* 2 ++7.
E* -%?)/7/0)(< -%&)&,& = *( *()( */, (% 7)-+)(* /+)-/-&%(*: '(*'( ,(/-& +/,/ )/ &0(%-;% '(&,&* &7+(*&* &7& (* () /*& / /+)-/-&%(* &7& '-*&)(%( & 79* ,(-(%(7(%( &7&&70*-0)( () 0-&7(/%&).
S( +('( &0(%(, +&, /,-&* +,&(*&*< '(*'( +&, 7&'&* +,/7(%( 7-&*< @/*/ &0(%(,)&7('-/%( +,&(*&* 0-&);>-&* & 0-&7-&*. L/* +,&+-('/'(* 79* -7+&,/%(* '( (*( &7+(*& *(
'(/))/% / &%-%/-;%:
T(7+(,/,/ (0))--;% V 33T(7+(,/,/ '( ?*-;% V 1"6
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C/)&, )/(%( '( /+&,-8/-;% #7&) 352D(%*-'/' / 25 C >73 "P%& '( -%?)/7/-;% V 2T(7+(,/,/ /& ->%--;% V 65
A +/,-, '( )&* +%&* '( (0))--;% = '( ?*-;% *( '('( ( () 7(/%&) (* % )-'& &)9-) /(7+(,/,/ = +,(*-;% /7&*?,-/.
P/,/ ?-%/)-8/, &% )/* +,&+-('/'(* = /,/(,*-/* +&'(7&* '(-, ( () 7(/%&) (* % &7+(*&&,>9%-& 7= -7+&,/%( =/ ( () >,+& @-',&-)& *( &%-(,( &% ?/-)-'/' (% /)-(, &,& >,+&?%-&%/). A* () 7(/%&) *( &-'/ +/,/ &0(%(, ?&,7/)'(@'& ?&,7&) = 9-'& ?;,7-& 7-(%,/* (+&, * ,('-;% &0(%(7&* 7(/%&. I>/)7(%( -7+&,/%(* *&% )/* ,(/-&%(* '( (, =(*(,-?-/-;%1.
1
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C))&8)/-:
C//)-8/'&, &%*-*(%( (% +/,)/* (*?,-/* '( 3 77 '( '-97(,& =& +,-%-+-& /-& (* ()F(2M&O43 & 7&)-0'/& '( @-(,,& III.E* % *;)-'& 0)/%&K(,'&*& &% )/* *->-(%(* /,/(,*-/*:
C&%?->,/-;% E*?,-/D-97(,& '( +/,)/ 77 3D(%*-'/' '( +/,)/ >73 1666.6"
M),-&) /, )*&)&,(:
E* %((*/,-& +/,/ () /-*)/7-(%& '( )&* (-+&* ( &+(,/% / (7+(,/,/* ()(/'/* = +/,/ )/* 0(,/*( ,/%*+&,/% ?)-'&* / (7+(,/,/ /)/ % 7/(,-/) '( /-*)/7-(%& +/,/ () ,(0,-7-(%& '( )/
*+(,?--( ((,-&,.
A*-7-*7&< ,(+,(*(%/ %/ +,&(-;% +/,/ () +(,*&%/) ( +'-(,/ (*/, (% &%/& /-'(%/)7(%(&% )/* *+(,?--(* /)-(%(*< /70-% )/* +,'-'/* '( /)&, /) ((,-&, '-*7-%=(% ,('-%'&*( /* )/*+,'-'/* (&%;7-/* &/*-&%/'/* +&, ())&.
E* '(-,< % /-*)/7-(%& ,7-& ,(+,(*(%/ %/ -%(,*-;% ( *( (,9 ,(+(,/'/ (% % -(7+&,()/-/7(%( &,&< &% () /@&,,& '( (%(,>-&* ( *( &0(%',9< = &% )/ 7(&, (?--(%-/ =?%-&%/7-(%& '( )&* (-+&* = 7/-%/,-/< )& ( &%'( / %/ 7/=&, +,&'--'/'.
A )/ @&,/ '( *()(-&%/, )&* 7/(,-/)(* /-*)/%(* +/,/ *(, */'&* / /)/* (7+(,/,/* '( *(,--&
'(0(7&* (%(, (% (%/ )&* *->-(%(* ?/&,(*:
C&%,&) '( )/ (7+(,/,/ '( +,&(*& CTP:E) (*+(*&, = -+& '( (,7&/-*)/%( '(0(,9 +,(*(,/, )/* &%'--&%(* '( &+(,/-;% '(%,&'( )&* )7-(* '( '-*(J&.
C&%*(,/-;% '( (%(,>/ CE: E) (*+(*&, = () (,7&/-*)/%( *()(-&%/'& ,(+,(*(%/,9() 0/)/%( ;+-7& (%,( )/ -%(,*-;% %((*/,-/ +/,/ )/ /'-*--;% ( -%*/)/-;% '()*-*(7/ (,7&/-*)/%( = () /0/-7-(%& (% )&* &*&* '( &+(,/-;%< = *(,9 () *?--(%(+/,/ 7-%-7-8/, )/* +,'-'/* '( (%(,>/ +&, '-*-+/-;% /) /70-(%(.
P,&(-;% /) +(,*&%/) PP: $/,/%-8/, ( )/ *+(,?--( ((,%/ '( )/ 0(,/< (-+& &,(-+-(%(< %/ (7+(,/,/ 7(%&, '( 6C.
O,&* ?/&,(* ( *( &7/% (% (%/ *&%:
C/+/-'/' '( *&+&,/, /,>/* = -0,/-&%(* C/70-& (% () (*+(*&, ,/* () /)(%/7-(%& = )/ /,>/ F(%;7(%& '( (&(,7--'/': E)(/-;% '( (7+(,/,/ ((*-/ (% () -%(,-&, '( %
7/(,-/) /-*)/%(. E*,,/* '( *&+&,( '() /-*)/7-(%&
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E*,,/* '( *&+&,( '() ,((*-7-(%&
S( @/ (*&>-'& &7& 7/(,-/) '( /-*)/7-(%& )/%/ '( ,&/ +&,( (* % +,&'& ( (*9(*+(-/)7(%( -%'-/'& +/,/ /-*)/7-(%&* ,7-&* (% )/ -%'*,-/ /)/* (7+(,/,/*. D-@& 7/(,-/)(,&* (< +&, * +()-/, &%?->,/-;%< &?,((%()(/'&* %-()(* '( +,&(-;% ?,(%( /) /)&,< () ,-'& = () ?(>&. E*9% ,(&%&-'/* -%(,%/-&%/)7(%(&7& /-*)/%(* /*-&*< +&, * (*,,/ ?)(-0)(< = ,7-&*< +&, () (%,()/8/'& ( 7/%-(%( () /-,(-%7;-)< *-(%'&< /'(79*< -%&70*-0)(*< '/'& * &,->(% -%&,>9%-&.
L&* +,&'&* R&G&&) X)/%/ '( ,&/ +('(% *(, -)-8/'&* +/,/ /-*)/, *+(,?--(* /)-(%(* '( @/*/"5C< '(+(%'-(%'& '() (*+(*&, '() /-*)/7-(%&< /,>/ 7(9%-/ = %-()(* '( -0,/-;%.
Rockwool aplicado en los procesos qumicos
U%/ (8 (*/0)(-'/ )/ 79-7/ ,/%*?(,(%-/ '( /)&, +(,7-*-0)(< '( /(,'& / )/ *+(,?--( +&, /-*)/, =)/ (7+(,/,/ 79-7/ '( &+(,/-;%< *( +&',9 /))/, () (*+(*&, ,((,-'& +/,/ () 7/(,-/) '(/-*)/7-(%& *()(-&%/'&.
CAPITULO 4: BALANCE DE MATERIA ! POTENCIAL ECON#MICO.
REACCIONES UIMICAS
OBTENCION DE FORMALDEIDO CON CATALI"ADOR DE IERRO ! TRIOIDO DEMOLIBDENO.
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R(/-&%(* 7-/* ( *( ))(/% / /0& (% () )(@& //)-& ?-& '() ,(/&,
1 CH3KOH [ O2 \ CH2O H2O2 CH2O [ O2 \ CO H2O3 2 CH3KOH \ CH3 K O K CH3 H2O4 CH2O [ O2 \ CHO ] OH
5 CH2O O2 \ CO2 H2OR,(/&&,(* /, )* -,)''&(,*:D() 7(/%&) /)-7(%/'& () 2 ,(/-&%/ +,&'-(%'& ?&,7/)'(@'& ,(/-;% 1E) 3." '() 7(/%&) /)-7(%/'& *( *&0,(K&-'/ +/,/ ?&,7/, 7&%;-'& '( /,0&%& ,(/-&%2.E) 1.5 '() 7(/%&) /)-7(%/'& ,(/-&%/ +/,/ +,&'-, '-7(-)((, ,(/-;% 3.E) .2 '() 7(/%&) /)-7(%/'& +/*/ / *(, 9-'& ?;,7-& ,(/-;% 4.E) .3 '() 7(/%&) /)-7(%/'& *( &%-(,( / 0-;-'& '( /,0&%& ,(/-;% 5.E) ,(*& '() 7(/%&) /)-7(%/'& 2.3 %& ,(/-&%/.
1
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% &%(,-'/* 16 16 16
Para la reaccin 3
1.5 % C3O )& ; % '&/ _ .2? 431.3kmol
hr _ .6kmol
hr
CH2O [ O2 \ CHO ] OH
% &%(,-'/* .6 .43 .6
Para la reaccin 5
.3 % C3O )& ; %CO2
P&, )& /%&:
% )'&/ _ .3? 431.3kmol
hr _ 1.3kmol
hr
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CH2O O2 \ CO2 H2O
% &%(,-'/* 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3
ENTRADA
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1
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CH2O O2 \ CO2 H2O
% &%(,-'/* 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3
ENTRADA
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DESCRIPCION DEL PROCESO ELE$IDO
GENERALIDADES
E) +,&(*& -(%( +&, &0(-&< )/ &0(%-;% '( ?&,7/)'(@-'& +&, &-'/-;% '-,(/ '() 7(/%&),9%)&* '( ;-'& '( ?-(,,&K7&)-0'(%& +,(K/-/'&.
P/,/ ?-%(* '( (*'-& '--'-,(7&* () +,&(*& (% ,(* *(-&%(*:
S(-;% 1: REACCION
S(-;% 2: ENFRIAMIENTO DE REACTOR
S(-;% 3: RECUPERACION
SECCION 100: REACCION
C&%*-*( (% *7-%-*,/, 7(/%&) )-'& '(*'( % /%( '( /)7/(%/7-(%& = 7(8)/,)& &% () ?)&'( /-,( +,&(%-(%( '( % *&+)/'&, / %/ ,()/-;% 7&)/, +&, '(0/& '( )7-( -%?(,-&, '( (+)&*--'/'(%( '( +,(/)(%/7-(%& '( )/7(8)/ 7(/%&)K/-,( @/*/ )/ (7+(,/,/ '( ,(/-;% (% )/ *(-;% '( )&* 0&* %& (7+//'/ '(//)-8/'&,.
SECCI#N 300: RECUPERACION
L&* >/*(* ( */)(% '() &%(,-'&, *&% (%?,-/'&* (% % /70-/'&, '( /)&, '( /) ?&,7/ ( %& *())(>( / )/ (7+(,/,/ )/ &%'(%*/-;% = /* (%,/, / )/ &,,( '( /0*&,-;% (% '&%'( () ?&,7/)'(@-'&>/*(&*& (* /0*&,0-'& (% />/ +/,/ +,&'-, %/ *&)-;% &%(%,/'/. D(0-'& / (*/ &+(,/-;%< *('(*+,(%'( %/ >,/% /%-'/' '( /)&,< () /) (* (,/'& 7('-/%( />/ '( (%?,-/7-(%&.
L/ *&)-;% '( ?&,7/)'(@-'& *( *// '( )/ &,,( / %/ &%(%,/-;% '( @/*/ 3" +(*& = 6C.
[OBTENCION DEL FORMALDEHIDO A PARTIR DE METANOL.] Pgina 1!
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A &%-%/-;% *( '(*,-0( )/ &+(,/-;% '( )&* (-+&* +,-%-+/)(*:
TK21 T/%( '( /)7/(%/7-(%& '( 7(/%&).
S( ,// '( % ,(-+-(%( -)%',-& (,-/)< -+& /7&*?,-& = &%*,-'& (% /(,& /) /,0;%.
$K22 B&70/ '( 7(/%&).
E*/ 0&70/ (* '( -7+&,/%-/< =/ ( '(0( '/, %/ +,(*-;% '( '(*/,>/ /) ( *(/ *?--(%( +/,/,/%*?(,-, () 7(/%&) '(*'( () /%( '( 7(/%&) 11KT< @/*/ () /+&,-8/'&, '( 7(/%&) 14KQ.
SK13 S&+)/'&, '( /-,(.
E) *&+)/'&, '( /-,( *( ,(-(,( +/,/ ?&,8/, )/ 7(8)/ 7(/%&)K/-,( / ,/* '() (-+& '( +,&(*&. E)/-,( ( *7-%-*,/ &%-(%( () &>(%& %((*/,-& &7& 7/(,-/ +,-7/ +/,/ )/ ?/0,-/-;% '()?&,7/)'(@-'&. L/ +,(*-;% ( '(*/,,&))/ (* %((*/,-/ +/,/ ?&,8/, )&* >/*(* +&, )/ /7/ //)-/ = )/&,,( '( /0*&,-;%< ( +,&&/% )/ 7/=&, /'/ '( +,(*-;%.
E) /-,( +&, () *&+)/'&, (* 7('-'& +&, % '-*& '( &,-?--& )&/)-8/'& '()/%( '( )/* 9))/* '('(*?&>(. L/ /'/ '( +,(*-;% /*/'/ +&, () '-*& '( &,-?-& *( ,/%*7-( /) /,& '( &%,&) (% '&%'(*( ,(>-*,/ / ?)& '( /-,(.
ICK12 Q/+&,-8/'&, '( 7(/%&).
E*( (-+& *( %((*-/ +/,/ /+&,-8/, () 7(/%&) / ?-% '( ( +('/ ?)-, /) &%(,-'&, (% (*/'&>/*(&*&. L/ 7(8)/ 7(/%&)K/-,( *( ?&,7/ (*+,(/%'& () 7(/%&) )-'& (% )/ &,,-(%( '( /-,( (% ()/0(8/) '( (%,/'/ '( (*( (-+& = )/ &,,-(%( '( */)-'/ %& *(,9 (+)&*-/< =/ ( )/ &%(%,/-;% '()7(/%&) (*/,9 +&, '(0/& '() )7-( '( (+)&*--'/'.
E) /+&,-8/'&, (* % /70-/'&, '( /)&, '( 0&* = (%&)(%( +/,/ (?(/, )/ &+(,/-;%< *( */ /+&,'( 0// +,(*-;% '( 7/%(,/ ( )/ 7(8)/ 7(/%&)K/-,( */)( '( (*( / %/ (7+(,/,/ '( 26 / 3 C.
RK15 R(/&, & &%(,-'&,.
E) ,(/&, &%-(%( )&* 0&* '&%'( (*9 () //)-8/'&, &% () /) -(%( )>/, )/ ,(/-;%. L&* 0&* *&%'( /(,& C/,+(%(, 2M&K6.
B/J/%'& () ((,-&, '( )&* 0&* (*9 )/ */) ?%'-'/ )/ /) *-,( &7& 7('-& '( +,(/)(%/7-(%&< / )/(8 ( '( (%?,-/7-(%&. E,/( () /)&, '(*+,(%'-'& '( ,(/-;% = +,(/)-(%/ )/ 7(8)/ 7(/%&)K/-,(
@/*/ )/ (7+(,/,/ '( ,(/-;%.
E) &%(,-'&, (*9 +,&(>-'& '( )/* (+)&*-&%(*< /) ->/) ( () /+&,-8/'&,< +&, '-*&* '( ,+,/7&%/'&* (% 0,-'/* = '-*(J/'&* +/,/ -/,*( ?9-)7(%( ',/%( )&* /70-&* '( //)-8/'&, = )-7+-(8/.
EK31 E%?,-/'&, '( F&,7&).
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
P-',* /, O,('&( /, %-)/,&/
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
D-@& -%(,/70-/'&, (*/,9 ?&,7/'& +&, 0&* '( /(,& C/,+(%(, 2 M&K6 +&, '-@&* 0&* +/*/,/ )/&,,-(%( '( */)-'/ '() ,(/&, = /,/*/ ?/0,-/'/ &% /(,& -%&-'/0)( SAK24 +&, ())/ -,)/,/ )/7(8)/ '( /-,( = 7(/%&). P&*(,-&,7(%(< )/ 7(8)/ '( /-,( = 7(/%&) +/*/,/ +&, &,& -%(,/70-/'&,'( /)&,< () ICK12< +/,/ /*/, )/ (7+(,/,/ @/*/ )&* 5" V. P/,/ ( '-@/ &,,-(%( /)/%( (*/(7+(,/,/ *( */,9 &7& ?)-'& /)-(%( /+&, '( *(,--&*.
D(*+* '( */)-, )/ &,,-(%( '() -%(,/70-/'&, ICK12< *(,9 -7+)*/'/ +&, () (%-)/'&, SK13 @/-/ )/(%,/'/ '() ,(/&, RK15.
L/ &,,-(%( '( 7(8)/ '( 7(/%&) = /-,( / 5" V *(,9 /)-7(%/'/ /) ,(/&, +&, )/ +/,( *+(,-&,< = )/&,,-(%( '( */)-'/ '( (*( *( (//,9 +&, )/ +/,( -%?(,-&,. L/ &%(,*-;% '() 7(/%&) (% () ,(/&, (*
'() < &+(,/%'& () ,(/&, (% &%'--&%(* -*&,7-/*. D(0-'& / ( )/ ,(/-;% (* (&,7-/< *(,(?,->(,/,/ () ,(/&, 7)-0)/, (%@/(/'& 7('-/%( />/ '( )/ 7-*7/ +)/%/< &% '-(,*&*,//7-(%&* +/,/ (-/, -%,*/-&%(*< +/,/ ( )/ &+(,/-;% '() ,(/&, *(/ -*&,7-/. E*/ />/ (%,// 2 V = /0/%'&%/ )/ /,/*/ '() ,(/&, / 363 V.
L/ +,(*-;% '( ,/0/& '() ,(/&, (* '( 1.25 /7< +&, )& ( *( */,9 %/ 9))/ '( /)--& PSQ '(0-'&
/ )/* &%'--&%(* '( +,(*-;%. L/ /,/*/ '() ,(/&, *( &%*,-,9 '( /(,& -%&-'/0)( SAK24 +&, )//,/*/ -,/ () />/ '( ,(?,->(,/-;% = )&* 0&* (*/,9% ?/0,-/'&* '( /(,& C/,+(%(, 2 M&K6 (% )&*0&* (*/,9 &)&/'& () //)-8/'&, = +&, /@ -,)/,/ )/ &,,-(%( '( /-,( = 7(/%&)< (% '&%'( *( ))(// /0& )/ ,(/-;% +/,/ ?&,7/, () ?&,7/)'(@-'&.
L/ &,,-(%( '( */)-'/ '() ,(/&, *(,9 -7+)*/'/ +&, () (%-)/'&, SK13 /) -%(,/70-/'&, ICK11'&%'( *( (%?,-/,/ >,/-/* / ,/%*?(,-, /)&, /) ?)-'& ?,-& &7+(*& +&, /-,( = 7(/%&) () ( *(
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&7(%; /%(,-&,7(%(. A)) () />/ ( +&*(( )/ &,,-(%( '( */)-'/ '() ,(/&, *( &%'(%*/,/< = )/(7+(,/,/ '( '-@/ &,,-(%( *(,9 '( 35 V.
P&*(,-&,7(%(< )/ &,,-(%( '( */)-'/ '() ,(/&, +/*/,/ /) -%(,/70-/'&, '( /)&, ICK13 '&%'( *((%?,-/,9 @/*/ %/ (7+(,/,/ '( 31 V. A) /)/%8/, (*/ (7+(,/,/ () 7(/%&) ( &%-(%( '-@/&,,-(%( *( &%'(%*/. P/,/ ( (*/ &,,-(%( /)/%( '-@/ (7+(,/,/ *( */,9 />/ '( )/ +)/%/ /
%/ (7+(,/,/ '( /)-7(%/-;% '( 2 V. E*( -%(,/70-/'&, (*9 &%*,-'& &% 0&* '( /(,&C/,+(%(, 2 M&K6 +&, )&* /)(* -,)/,9 )/ &,,-(%( '( */)-'/ '() ,(/&, = /,/*/ '( /(,& SAK24 +&, (*/ -,)/,/ () />/ '( ,(?,->(,/-;%. D(*+* '( */)-, )/ &,,-(%( '() -%(,/70-/'&, ICK13 *(,9 (%-/'/ / )/ (%,/'/ '() /0*&,0('&, AK32.
L/ &,,-(%( >/*(&*/ /%( @/=/% &%'(%*/'& +/,( '( )/ &,,-(%(< &7& () />/ = () 7(/%&)< *->(*-(%'& (% * 7/=&, +/,( >/* (%,/ /) /0*&,0('&, AK32 +&, * +/,( -%?(,-&,< '&%'( *( +&%( (%&%/& &% %/ &,,-(%( )--'/ ?&,7/'/ ?%'/7(%/)7(%( +&, />/ = ?&,7/)'(@-'& +,&(%-(%( '()/ ,(-,)/-;%. E*( &%/& @/( ( () ?&,7/)'(@-'& +/*( / (*/ &,,-(%( )--'/ /) ->/) ( &'&() 7(/%&) = () />/. L&* >/*(* ,(*)/%(*< (% * 7/=&,/ %-,;>(%& = &>(%&< */)',9% +&, )/ +/,(*+(,-&, '( )/ &)7%/< ( -,9% / %/ /%&,@/ '&%'( *( +,&('(,9 / * &70*-;%.
L/ &,,-(%( )--'/ '( /)-7(%/-;% (%,/,9 +&, )/ +/,( *+(,-&, '( (*/ &)7%/ ( -,/ '(*(%'-(%'&+&, >,/('/' /0*&,0-(%'& () 7(/%&)< () />/ = () ?&,7/)'(@-'&. L/ (?(--'/' '( (*/ &)7%/ (*'(-,< /%& '() ?&,7/)'(@-'& '( (%,/'/ ,(&>( (* '( % '( /(,& -%&-'/0)( '( %/ +)>/'/< = (*/,9 ?/0,-/'/ '( /(,& C/,+(%(,2 M&K6. E) )-'& '( */)-'/ '( )/ &)7%/ *(,9 ,/%*+&,/'& /) -%(,/70-/'&, '( /)&, ICK14.
E*( -%(,/70-/'&, (-*( '(0-'& / ( )/ /0*&,-;% 7-/ '() ?&,7/)'(@-'& (% () />/ (* %/,(/-;% (&,7-/< +&, )& ( *( %((*-/,9 '-*7-%-, )/ (7+(,/,/ '( (*/ &,,-(%( '( )&* 35 V@/*/ )&* 31 V. D-@& -%(,/70-/'&, +&*((,9 &7& )-'& ,(?,->(,/%( />/ '( )/ 7-*7/ +)/%/< &%
'-(,*&* ,//7-(%&* +/,/ (-/, -%,*/-&%(*.
D(*+* '( @/0(,*( (%?,-/'&< )/ &,,-(%( )-'/ &% ?&,7/)'(@-'&< />/ = 7(/%&) *(,9 0-?,/'/ (%'&* /) 5 )/ +,-7(,/ '( ())/* *(,9 -7+)*/'/ +&, )/ 0&70/ $K22 / )/ +/,( /)/ '( )/ &)7%/ '(
/0*&,-;% '&%'( *(,9 7(8)/'/ &% %/ &,,-(%( '( />/< = +&*(,-&,7(%( *(,9 -%,&'-'/ /)/0*&,0('&, AK32 &7& )/ &,,-(%( )--'/ '( (%,/'/ / (*( &7& %/ ,(-,)/-;% +/,-/) '( )/&,,-(%( )--'/ '( /0*&,0('&, AK32. L/ *(>%'/ &,,-(%( *(,9 -7+)*/'/ +&, )/ 0&70/ $K23 /)7(8)/'&, MK31.
E% (*( 7(8)/'&,< )/ *(>%'/ &,,-(%( 0-?,/'/ *(,9 7(8)/'/ &% />/ (% )/ +,&+&,-;% %((*/,-/+/,/ >(%(,/, %/ &%(%,/-;% '( 3" (% +(*& '( ?&,7/)'(@-'& (% />/. D-@& 7(8)/'&, +&*((/>-/-;% 7(9%-/ = (*9 &%*,-'& (% /(,& C/,+(%(, 2 M&K6.
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L/ &,,-(%( '( */)-'/ '() 7(8)/'&, MK31 *(,9 -7+)*/'/ 7('-/%( )/ 0&70/ $K23 / % /%( '('/ TK31< '() /) *(,9 (%-/'& 7('-/%( &,/ *(,-( '( 0&70/* / '(+;*-&* '( /)7/(%/7-(%&. E)+,&+;*-& '() /%( '( '/ (* )/ ,(/)-8/-;% '( +,(0/* '( /)-'/' '() +,&'& /%(* '( /7)/,)& (%
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
DIAGRAMA DE FLUJO DE RPOCESO
CAPITULO 6: DISEO DE EUIPOS.
D&*, /, &(,-')&)/-IC101
E) -%(,/70-/'&, ICK11(*9 '(*-%/'& / *(, () (-+& '&%'( *( / / +,(/)(%/, = 7(8)/, () /-,(/7&*?,-& '( (%,/'/ = () 7(/%&) '( /)-7(%/-;% /) +,&(*&. P/,/ /)(%/,)& *( /+,&(@/,9 () /)&,'( )/ &,,-(%( '( */)-'/ '() ,(/&, RK15< = >,/-/* / (*& *( (%?,-/,/ '-@/ &,,-(%(.
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A) *(, () +,-7(, -%(,/70-/'&, '() +,&(*&< *( (+&%',9% +,-7(,& %/* &%*-'(,/-&%(* >(%(,/)(**&0,( )&* -%(,/70-/'&,(* '( /)&,< *-(%'& &'/* (*/* &%*-'(,/-&%(* /+)-/0)( /) ,(*& '(-%(,/70-/'&,(* '( )/ +)/%/.
C,-(,-&* +/,/ () '-*(J& '() -%(,/70-/'&,
L&* -%(,/70-/'&,(* '( /)&, *&% %& '( )&* (-+&* 79* &7%7(%( */'&* (% )/ -%'*,-/ 7-/+/,/ ( )/* &,,-(%(* '() +,&(*& /)/%(% )/ (7+(,/,/ '(*(/'/ = +/,/ &%*(>-, () 79-7& /@&,,&'( (%(,>/ +&*-0)(. P&, (*& )-7& *( *()(% (%)/8/, &,,-(%(* / /)(%/, &% &,,-(%(* / (%?,-/, +/,/( () &%*7& '( (%(,>/ /'--&%/) *(/ 7%-7&.
E)(-;% '() -+& '( -%(,/70-/'&,
L&* ?/&,(* 79* -7+&,/%(* +/,/ )/ ()(-;% '() -+& /'(/'& '( -%(,/70-/'&, +/,/ % *(,--&&%,(& *&% )&* *->-(%(*:
T(7+(,/,/* '( ,/0/& = (*/'& '( />,(>/-;% '( )&* ?)-'&*.
P,(*-&%(* '( )/* &,,-(%(* = +(,'-'/* '( +,(*-;% /'7-*-0)(*. C/'/)(* '( )&* ?)-'&*. P&*-0-)-'/'(* '( (%*-/7-(%& '() /+/,/&. A-;% &,,&*-/ '( )&* ?)-'&*. E*+/-& '-*+&%-0)( +/,/ )/ -%*/)/-;%. F/&, (&%;7-&.
L&* -%(,/70-/'&,(* '( /)&, 79* (7+)(/'&* (% )/ -%'*,-/ 7-/ *&%:
I%(,/70-/'&,(* '( /)&, '( '&0)( 0&:
S( 0/*/% (% () *& '( '&* 0&* &%%,-&* +&, '&%'( -,)/% )&* ?)-'&* ,/%*?-,-%'&*( () /)&, /,/* '( )/ +/,(' ( )&* *(+/,/.
L/* (%//* '( (*&* -%(,/70-/'&,(* *&%: F9-)(* '( '(*7&%/,. O+(,/%'& (% &%,/&,,-(%( *( &0-(%(% /)&* ,(%'-7-(%&*.
E%,( ** -%&%(%-(%(* *( (%(%,/%: R-(*>&* '( ?>/* (% )&* (7+/)7(*. F)(-;% '() 0& -%(,-&,< *- (* '(7/*-/'& )/,>&. S+(,?--(* '( ,/%*?(,(%-/ +((J/ (% ,()/-;% &% () &)7(% >)&0/) '() (-+&. E*& *( '(0(
/) ,/'-& 7%-7& '( )&* &'&*< ( )-7-/ )/ /+,&-7/-;% '( )&* 0&*. L/ -)-8/-;% '( (*&* -%(,/70-/'&,(* (*9 )-7-/'/ / +((J&* /'/)(*.
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I%(,/70-/'&,(* '( /)&, '( /,/*/ = 0&*:E* () -+& '( -%(,/70-/'&, '( /)&, 79* */'& (% )/ -%'*,-/ 7-/ '(0-'& / * >,/% ?/-)-'/' '()-7+-(8/ = 7/%(%-7-(%&< / +&*((, %/ >,/% *+(,?--( '( ,/%*?(,(%-/< = +&, *(, )&* 79* -';%(&* +/,/-%(,/70-& '( /)&, '( +,&'&* '( ()(/'& /'/).
L&* -%(,/70-/'&,(* '( /,/*/ = 0&* (*9% &7+(*&* +&, %/ /,/*/ -)%',-/ (% =& -%(,-&,
*( '-*+&%( % @/8 '( 0&* '( +((J& '-97(,&< +/,/)()/7(%( /) (( '() -)-%',&. U% ?)-'& *( @/(-,)/, +&, () -%(,-&, '( )&* 0&*< 7-(%,/* ( () &,& ?)-'& -,)/ +&, () -%(,-&, '( )/ /,/*/ 9,(/'( &%/& 0/J/%'& )&* 0&* '() @/8 +&, * +/,( ((,-&,. E-*(% (% )/ /,/*/ +)//* '(?)(&,/*7/7+/,/* ( @/(% ( () ?)-'& ( -,)/ +&, ())/ -,)( )& 79* +(,+(%'-)/, +&*-0)( /) @/8 '(0&*< 7(&,9%'&*( /* )/ ,/%*7-*-;% '( /)&,. E*& &,,( /70-% (% )&* 0&*< /* (-*(%&%?->,/-&%(* '( 1< 2< 4< (. +/*&* +&, 0&*< = &,,( )& 7-*7& &% )/ /,/*/ (-*(%-%(,/70-/'&,(* &% /,-&* +/*&* +&, /,/*/.
I%(,/70-/'&,(* '( /)&, '( +)//*:E) '-*(J& '( (*( -+& '( -%(,/70-/'&,(* (*9 0/*/'& (% **--, )/* *+(,?--(* 0)/,(* +&,
*+(,?--(* +)/%/* &% -(,/* ,>&*-'/'(*.
E*&* -%(,/70-/'&,(* +,(*(%/% %/ *(,-( '( (%//*: T-(%(% 7/=&, /*/ '( ,/%*?(,(%-/ '( /)&,. S&% 79* ?9-)(* '( )-7+-/,. S&% '( 79* ?9-) 7/%(%-7-(%&. O+/% 7(%&* (*+/-&.
E%,( )&* -%&%(%-(%(* '( (*( -+& '( -%(,/70-/'&,(* *( (%(%,/%: L/ ()(-;% '( )&* ?)-'&* (*9 )-7-/'/ +&, )/ ,(*-*(%-/ 7-/ '( )/* +)//* = )/* %/*< /*
&7& +&, )/ (7+(,/,/ '( ,/0/&. E) -%(,/)& '( (7+(,/,/ '( ,/0/& +/,/ (*( -+& '(-%(,/70-/'&,(* (* '( 25K15C.
E) -%(,/)& '( +,(*-;% (% )&* &%'&* & /0(,,/* '( )/* +)//*< )-7-/% () /'/) ( ?)=( /,/* '( ())/*.
S&% 7= /,&*.
D( /(,'& &% )/ -%?&,7/-;% /%(,-&,7(%( -/'/< %& (* /&%*(/0)( () *& '( -%(,/70-/'&,(* '(+)//* '(0-'& / (:
E) -%(,/)& '( (7+(,/,/ '( ,/0/& (% )/ )%(/ '( +,&(*& @/*/ )&* 2"C (* *+(,-&, /)'( &+(,/-;% '( (*( -%(,/70-/'&, 25K15C.
P,&'( ()(/'/* +,'-'/* '( /,>/.
E)(/'& +,(-& '( (*( -%(,/70-/'&,.
E% /%& / )&* -%(,/70-/'&,(* '( '&0)( 0& /7+&& *&% /&%*(/0)( +&,(: P,(*(%/ *+(,?--(* '( ,/%*?(,(%-/ '( /)&, 7= +((J/*. E) ,-(*>& '( ?>/* ( -7+)-/%< %& *&% /'(/'&* +/,/ (*/ -%*/)/-;%< '(0-'& / )/ +,(*(%-/
'() ?&,7/)'(@-'&< ( (* % &7+(*& ;-&.
P&, &'& )& /%(,-&,< (% () +,(*(%( P,&=(& *( '-*(J/,/% -%(,/70-/'&,(* '( /)&, (% &%,/&,,-(%('() -+& '( /,/*/ = 0&*< '(0-'& / )/* (%//* ( +&*(( ( *( &7(%/,&% /%(,-&,7(%(. A'(79*-'& (*( -+& '( -%(,/70-/'&, +&, )/* &%'--&%(* '( &+(,/-;% '(0-'& / ( )&* /'/)(* /(%?,-/, = /)(%/, *&% ()(/'&*< /'(79* '( ( () /)&, -%(,/70-/'& '(0( *(, /70-% 0/*/%( /)&.
P&, &'& ())& *( (7+)(/,/ (*( -+& '( -%(,/70-/'&,(* '( /)&,< /'(79* '( ( *&% 7= (?-/(* = *&%)&* ( 79* *( */% (% )/ -%'*,-/< +&, )& ( 79* ?9-)7(%( *( +&',9 (%&%,/, % +,&(('&, +/,/ )/&7+,/ '( (*&* (-+&*.
E) ;'->& (7+)(/'& +/,/ () '-*(J& '( )&* -%(,/70-/'&,(* '( /)&, (* () ASME A7(,-/% S&-(= &?M(@/%-/) E%>-%((,* = (% +/,-)/,< )/ S(-;% QIII ,()/-/ / ,(-+-(%(* / +,(*-;% D--*-;% 1< )//) (*/0)(( )/* %&,7/* 7%-7/* '( &%*,-;%. P/,/ () '-*(J& '( )&* 0&*< () ;'->& ,(7-( / )/%&,7/ ANSI B31.3.L/* %&,7/* TEMA S/%'/,'* &? T0)/, E@/%>(, M/%?/,(,* A**&-/-&% (*+(-?-/% )/*/,/(,*-/* 7(9%-/* = ,7-/* &,,(*+&%'-(%(* / )/* '-(,*/* &%'--&%(* '( ?%-&%/7-(%&.C&%,(/7(%(< (*/ %&,7/ *-,( +/,/ &7+)(7(%/, = '(?-%-, () ;'->& ASME +/,/ &'/* )/*/+)-/-&%(* '( -%(,/70-& '( /)&, '( -+& '( &,/8/ = 0&*.
L&* -%(,/70-/'&,(* '( /)&, '( /,/*/ = 0&* *( +('(% '(%&7-%/, 7('-/%( ,(* )(,/*< *(>%
TEMA:
` L/ +,-7(,/ )(,/ *( ,(?-(,( /) -+& '( /0(8/) (*/-&%/,-&. L&* -+&* A /%/) = 0-(,/ '(*7&%/0)( =B /*(( *&% )&* 79* */)(*.` L/ *(>%'/ )(,/ '(*,-0( )/ /,/*/. L/ /,/*/ -+& E< '( % *&)& +/*&< (* )/ 79* &7%. L/ /,/*/F *( -)-8/ >(%(,/)7(%( /%'& %& (* +&*-0)( % %-& +/*& +&, /,/*/ '(0-'& / )/* '-?(,(%-/* '((7+(,/,/* (%,( () /*& = )&* 0&*. E% /%& / )&* -%(,/70-/'&,(* $ -+& XS+)- * *&+,-%-+/) (* )/ &%'(%*/-;% '( /+&,(*< # '( ?)-'& '--'-'& = H '&0)( XS+)- *( (7+)(/% +/,/,('-, )/* +,'-'/* '( /,>/ (% )/ /,/*/ /%'& (*/ (* /,-/0)(. E) -%(,/70-/'&, V -+& XV()(*( -)-8/ /%'& *( ,(-(,( >(%(,/, /+&,. L/ /,/*/ (* '() -+& ?)& ,8/'&< (% )/ /) *( &)&/%%/ *(,-( '( 0&-))/* '( /)-7(%/-;% = (% +&*--;% &%,/,-/ &,/* '( */)-'/.
` L/ (,(,/ )(,/ -%'-/ () -+& '( /0(8/) '() (,(7& +&*(,-&,. L/* '(%&7-%/-&%(* S /0(8/)?)&/%( &% '-*+&*--& '( /+&=&< T /0(8/) ?)&/%( *-% &%,/0,-'/ = U @/8 '( 0& (% U *&% )&*79* -7+&,/%(*.
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S,,''&( /, ) -),'-&) /, %H
U%& '( )&* /*+(&* 79* -7+&,/%(* (% () '-*(J& '( % -%(,/70-/'&, '( /)&, '( /,/*/ = 0&* (*)/ ()(-;% '() ?)-'& -,)/ +&, )/ /,/*/ = '( )/ &,,-(%( ( -,)( +&, () -%(,-&, '( )&* 0&*.
L&* ,-(,-&* +/,/ '(-'-, ( ?)-'& -,)/ +&, )&* 0&* = +&, )/ /,/*/ *(,9%:1. E) ?)-'& 79* *-& -,)/ +&, () -%(,-&, '( )&* 0&*< '/'& ( )/ )-7+-(8/ 7(9%-/ & 7('-/%(
/+&, & />/ (* 79* *(%-))/.2. E) ?)-'& 79* &,,&*-& *( -(%'( / *-/, +&, () )/'& '( )&* 0&*< +/,/ /* 7-%-7-8/, () *& '( %/7(/),>-/ 79* %&0)(.3. P&, )&* 7-*7&* 7&-&* ( )&* /%(,-&,(*< () ?)-'& '( 7/=&, +,(*-;% *( 0-/ +&, () -%(,-&, '( )&*0&*.4. E) ?)-'& ( +,(*(%/ 7(%&, +(,'-'/ '( +,(*-;% ?)=( +&, )/ /,/*/.5. E) ?)-'& ( -,)/ +&, )/ /,/*/ (* % )-'& '( -*&*-'/' ()(/'/ & % >/*.
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D&*, /, IC101
C&7& *( &7(%; /%(,-&,7(%(< *( '-*(J/,/ % -%(,/70-/'&, '( /)&, '( /,/*/ = 0&* +/,/ ()/)(%/7-(%& '( )/ 7(8)/ '( /-,( /7&*?,-& = 7(/%&) '( /)-7(%/-;%< = *( */,/ &7& ?)-'&/)(?/&, )/ &,,-(%( '( */)-'/ '() ,(/&,< ( *?,-,9 % &%*->-(%( (%?,-/7-(%&. A*< *(/+,&(@/,/ )/ (%(,>/ '( (*/ )-7/ &,,-(%(.
S( ()->( ( )/ &,,-(%( /)-(%( )/ &,,-(%( '( */)-'/ '() ,(/&, -,)( +&, 0&* = )/ &,,-(%( ?,/)/ 7(8)/ '( /-,( = 7(/%&) -,)( +&, )/ /,/*/. S( @/ '(-'-'& (*/ ,/=(&,-/ '( ?)& '(0-'& /( )/ &,,-(%( '( */)-'/ '() ,(/&, (*9 / 7/=&, (7+(,/,/< = *&0,( &'&< +&,( (*/ &,,-(%(+&*(( ?&,7/)'(@-'& () /) '(0( ,/%*+&,/,*( (% 7/(,-/)(* (*+(-/)(* +&, * &,,&*--'/'. P&, ())&/'/*. E) (*+(*&, '( )//,/*/ *( '((,7-%/ *(>% )/* ?&,7)/* '() ;'->& ASME. S( ?/0,-/ '( /(,& -%&-'/0)( SAK24( % /(,& -%&-'/0)( AISI 316L &SAK24< '( &7+&*--;% '( 1 '( ,&7&< 12 '( %() = 2K4 '( 7&)-0'(%&.
E*+(-?-/-&%(* '() -%(,/70-/'&, '( /)&, ICK11
D,*'-&'&(: I%(,/70-/'&, '( /)&, '( /,/*/ = 0&* @&,-8&%/)T*: M/(,-/) A(,& C/,+(%(, 2 M&K6< D-97(,& ((,-&, .31"57< D-97(,& -%(,-&, .267E*+(*&, 2.4131K37< D-*+&*--;% C/',/'/< N7(,& '( 0&* 352< P-@ .3" 7 L&%>-' .617-(%(* +,&+-('/'(*:T(7+(,/,/ '( (%,/'/ T(%: 2 VT(7+(,/,/ '( */)-'/ T*/): 544." VT(7+(,/,/ 7('-/ T/: 421.35 VQ-*&*-'/' 7('-/ a: 2.2"1K5 P/.*
D(%*-'/' 7('-/ b: ." >73C&%'--'/' ,7-/ : .3" 7VN7(,& '( P,/%') P,: .6P,(*-;% '( (%,/'/ P: 1.15 /7C/'/) 7&)/, 7&)/,: 151.55 7&)*C/'/) 79*-& : 4.31" >*
L/* +,&+-('/'(* &7/'/* /%(,-&,7(%( ((+& )/* (7+(,/,/*< +,(*-;% = /'/)(* *( @/% &7/'&&7& )/ 7('-/ +&%'(,/'/ '( )/* +,&+-('/'(* '( /'/ &7+(*&. L/* +,&+-('/'(* '( /'/ &7+(*&
[OBTENCION DEL FORMALDEHIDO A PARTIR DE METANOL.] Pgina 3"
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*( @/% ,(/)-8/'& &7& )/ 7('-/ /,-7-/ '( )/* +,&+-('/'(* '( /) &7+(*& / )/ (7+(,/,/ '((%,/'/ = / )/ (7+(,/,/ '( */)-'/. A) *(, )/ 7/=&, +/,( '( )/ &,,-(%( ?,/ % >/* / )/ (7+(,/,/ '((%,/'/ () 7(/%&) (* % )-'& '( 2 V @/*/ 33 V< *-(%'& )/ +,&+&,-;% '( (*( 7(%&, / % " (%7&)(* = / )/ (7+(,/,/ '( */)-'/ *(, &/)7(%( % >/*< *( @/ '(-'-'& /))/, )/* +,&+-('/'(* '()7(/%&) &7& )/* '() /+&, '( 7(/%&).
E) ?)-'& /)-(%( +&*(( )/* *->-(%(* +,&+-('/'(*:
T(7+(,/,/ '( (%,/'/ T(%: 5" VT(7+(,/,/ '( */)-'/ T*/): 35 VT(7+(,/,/ 7('-/ T/: 46 VQ-*&*-'/' 7('-/ a: 2.26"1K5 P/.*D(%*-'/' 7('-/ b: .3 >73C&%'--'/' ,7-/ : .3 7VN7(,& '( P,/%') P,: .61P,(*-;% (%,/'/ P: 1.2 /7
C/'/) 7&)/, 7&)/,: 156.35 7&)*C/'/) 79*-& : 4*
A) ->/) ( &% () ?)-'& ?,-&< )/* +,&+-('/'(* &7/'/* /%(,-&,7(%( ((+& )/* (7+(,/,/*' /, ) ,,-)-) /, *)&/) /, ) '--&,(, %-):
P/,/ () '-*(J& '() +,(*(%( -%(,/70-/'&, '( /)&, *( *+*& %/ (7+(,/,/ '( */)-'/ '() ?)-'&/)-(%( +/,/ +&'(, &0(%(, )/ (7+(,/,/ '( */)-'/ '() ?)-'& ?,-&. R(/)-8/%'& % 0/)/%( '( (%(,>/ /)/ &,,-(%( /)-(%( *( &0-(%(:
A* *( /))/ () /)&, '(*+,(%'-'& &7&:
Q= H1+H2O+ H2+ H3
P/,/ () >/*: H=WCpT
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S-(%'& () /'/) '() &7+(*&< C+ )/ /+/-'/' /)&,?-/ '() &7+(*& = cT )/ '-?(,(%-/ '((7+(,/,/* ( *?,( () &7+(*&< cH3 *( /))/,/ &7& )/ *7/ '( &'/* )/* (%/)+-/* (+,&+&,-&%/ /'/ &7+&%(%(.
P/*/%'& )/* C+ 7('-/* / #&)(*< = &7& *( &%&(% )/* &7+&*--&%(* 7&)/,(* = () /'/) 7&)/, '( )/&,,-(%( /)-(%( = */0-(%'& ( dH2O _ 442 #7&) *( &0-(%(% )/* (%/)+-/* ( -%(,-(%(% (% ()+,&(*&:
H1=6730x104
J/s
H2=7591x 103
J/s
H3=9730x105
J/ s
H2O=4195x105
J/s
Q=1467x106 J/s
S( ,(/)-8/ % 0/)/%( '( (%(,>/ /) ?)-'&:
E) /)&, '(*+,(%'-'& '() ?)-'& *(,9:
Q=( H1+MeOH+ H2+ H3)
P/*/%'& )/* C+ 7('-/* / #&)(*< = &7& *( &%&(% )/* &7+&*--&%(* 7&)/,(* = () /'/) 7&)/, '( )/&,,-(%( /)-(%(< = */0-(%'& ( dM(OH _ 352 #7&) *( +('(% &0(%(, cH1= dM(OH
[OBTENCION DEL FORMALDEHIDO A PARTIR DE METANOL.] Pgina 32
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H1=1.69x104
J/s
MeOH=3.42x105
J/s
D(*+(/%'& ,7-%&*: H2+ H3=Q( H1+MeOH)
H2=WMeOH C pMeOH( g )(338Tsal)
H3=(WH2 C pH2 ( g )+WN2 C pN2 (g )+WO2C pO2 (g ))(298Tsal )
Tsal=544.07
C,%&'&,(, G) /, T-)(*%,-,('&) /, C)-.
L&* -%(,/70-/'&,(* '( /)&, *( 0/*/% (% )/ ,/%*?(,(%-/ '( /)&, '( % ?)-'& /)-(%( / %& ?,-&*(+/,/'&* +&, %/ +/,(' *;)-'/. A*< () /)&, *( ,/%*?-(,( +&, &%(-;% '(*'( () ?)-'& /)-(%( @/-/)/ +/,('< '(*+* *( ,/%*7-( / ,/* '( )/ +/,(' +&, &%'-;% = ?-%/)7(%( *( ,/%*7-( +&,&%(-;% '(*'( )/ +/,(' /) ?)-'& ?,-&. $(%(,/)7(%( )/ ,/%*7-*-;% +&, ,/'-/-;% *( *()( -%)-, (%)&* ,7-%&* '( &%(-;%. A*< (-*(% ,(* ,(*-*(%-/* (% *(,-( / )/ ,/%*?(,(%-/ '( /)&,: '&* / )/&%(-;% = %/ / )/ &%'-;%.
L/ (+,(*-;% ( *( &0-(%( '( )/ ,(*-*(%-/ >)&0/) (*:
!=! i+!pared+!o= 1
hi"i+ln( ro
r i)
2#k$+
1
ho" o
S-(%'& )&* *0%'-(* i= o)/* *+(,?--(* -%(,-&, = ((,-&, '( )&* 0&*-' '( )&* 0&*< h)&* &(?--(%(* -%'--'/)(* '( &%(-;%< k)/ &%'--'/' '() 7/(,-/) =A)/* 9,(/* '(-%(,/70-& '( /)&,.
S( +('( '(?-%-, () /)&, 7('-/%(:Q=% & " &$MT'
S-(%'& U() &(?--(%( >)&0/) '( ,/%*?(,(%-/ '( /)&,< ( *( '(?-%( &7& )/ -%(,*/ '( )/ *7/ '(&'/* )/* ,(*-*(%-/* / )/ ,/%*?(,(%-/ '( /)&, ( *( '/% (% () +,&(*&:
1
% "s=
1
hi"i+ln(
ro
r i)
2#k$+
1
ho" o
[OBTENCION DEL FORMALDEHIDO A PARTIR DE METANOL.] Pgina 33
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P(,& () &(?--(%( >)&0/) '( ,/%*?(,(%-/ '( /)&, '(0( ,(?(,-,*( / % 9,(/ '( -%(,/70-& +/,/ ())&/7&* / ,(?(,-,%&* (% () 9,(/ ((,-&, '( )&* 0&*:
1
%=
' o
h i'i+
'o ln(ro
r i)
2k +
1
ho
A &%-%/-;% *( /))/,/% )&* ,7-%&* '( )/ /%(,-&, (/-;%.
C&(?--(%( -%'--'/) '( &%(-;% -%(,%/ hi:E) &(?--(%( -%'--'/) '( &%(-;% -%(,%/ *( &0-(%( 7('-/%( )/ '(?-%--;% '() %7(,& '(N**().
Nu=hi'i
k
S-(%'& hi() &(?--(%( -%'--'/) '( &%(-;% -%(,%/< k)/ &%'--'/' '( )/ **/%-/ =Di()'-97(,& -%(,-&, '() 0&. E-*(% 7)-+)(* &,,()/-&%(* (7+,-/* ( +(,7-(% /))/, () %7(,&'( N**() &%&-(%'& () %7(,& '( R(=%&)'*< () %7(,& '( P,/%') = )/ &%?->,/-;% '() ?)& *&0,()/7-%/*< '(%,& '( 0&*< &%(-;% %/,/)< (.. P,-7(,& *( /))/ () %7(,& '( R(=%&)'*:
=4Wm
(# ' i=
4(4.316 kgs)(2.267x 105)a & s )(#) (0.0269m )
=9.011x106
C&7& () /)&, '() %7(,& '( R(=%&)'* (* 7/=&, / 1. () ?)-'& (% () -%(,-&, '( )&* 0&* (*/ (%?)& ,0)(%&. S( (7+)(/ )/ *->-(%( (+,(*-;% +/,/ /))/, () %7(,& '( N**():
Nu=0.0234 /5)r0.3=0.023(9.011x106)4 /5 (0.681)0.3=7507.62
E) (+&%(%( /) ( *( (%(%,/ ()(/'& () %7(,& '( P,/%') (* .3 '(0-'& / ( *( */ +/,/ /%'&)/ +/,(' '( )&* 0&* *( (%(%,/ / 7(%&, (7+(,/,/ ( () ?)-'& ( -,)/ +&, () -%(,-&, '( )&*0&*.
hi=Nu k
'i =
(7507.62 )(0.039 Wmk)0.0269m
=1.088x104 W
m2
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C&(?--(%( -%'--'/) '( &%(-;% ((,%/ ho:
E) &(?--(%( -%'--'/) '( &%(-;% ((,%/ *( &0-(%( '( )/ 7-*7/ 7/%(,/ ( () &(?--(%(-%'--'/) '( &%(-;% -%(,%/ +(,& 7('-/%( )/* *->-(%(* (/-&%(*:
Nu=ho'ok
*= 4Wm(# ' o
=4(4.316
kg
s )
#(2.207x 105)a & s)(0,03175m)=7.884x 106
Nu=0.023(7.884x106 )4 /5(0.681 )0.3=6771.86
hi=Nu k
'o=
(6771.86 )(0.039 Wmk)0.03175 m
=8318.19 W
m2
L/ &%'--'/' '() 7/(,-/) A(,& C/,+(%(, 2 M&K6 (*: k=12.1 W/mK &0(%-'/ '() V(,%.
Y/ &% &'&* )&* +/,97(,&* &0(%(7&* () &(?--(%( >)&0/) '( ,/%*?(,(%-/ '( /)&,:
%=2241.46W/m2
M('-/ )&>/,7-/ '( )/ (7+(,/,/ LMTD:
[OBTENCION DEL FORMALDEHIDO A PARTIR DE METANOL.] Pgina 35
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h +T, +outT
, +Th+outT
Th+outT,+Th +T, +outln
$MT'=
,(/ '() IC:
"= Q
% & $MT'
= 1467x10
6J/ s
(2241.46 Wm
2)(37.41)
=17493m2
N7(,& '( 0&*:0.0269 2m2
#(4)(0.92kgm3 )=330(25ms)
No& tu-os= m.
/# '
2
40
=4.316
kg
s
S-(%'& )/ ()&-'/' '( +/*& '() ?)-'& +&, () -%(,-&, '( )&* 0&*< !)/ '(%*-'/' '( (*( ?)-'& = m"()?)& 79*-& '() ?)-'& )& ( *( @/ '(%&7-%/'& /%(,-&,7(%( &7& . S( */ %/ ()&-'/' ( *((%(%,( (% () ,/%>& '( ()&-'/'(* &7%(* +/,/ )/ &%'--&%(* '() ?)-'& &% () ( (*/7&*&+(,/%'&. E% %(*,& /*&< () ?)-'& (* % >/* *&0,(/)(%/'& / +,(*-;% (%,( = 1 +*-> 1 /7 / 1/'/* %%7(,& '( 0&* ->/) / 352. C&% (*/* /,/(,*-/* *( &0-(%( % '-97(,& '( /,/*/ '( 3 -%.6 7 = % +-@ '( 1 = 16 '( +)>/'/ .3" 7.
[OBTENCION DEL FORMALDEHIDO A PARTIR DE METANOL.] Pgina 36
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C&%?->,/-;% /',/'/ (% IC.
S( /))/ / &%-%/-;% )/ )&%>-' '( )&* 0&* 7('-/%( )/ (/-;% '( '(?-%--;% '() 9,(/ '( %-)-%',& /+)-/'/ /) &%%& '( )&* 0&*:
" o=#'oN$ 1 $= "o
#'oN=
17493m2
#(0.03175m )(352)=0.498m=1.635 .t
P&, /%&< *( &7/,/ %/ )&%>-' %&,7/)-8/'/ '( 2 ? .61 7 +/,/ )/ )&%>-' '( )&* 0&*.
T/7/J& '( )/ /,/*/ = )&* '(?)(&,(*:
E) '-97(,& '( )/ /,/*/ *(,9< &7& *( &7(%; /%(,-&,7(%(< '( 3 -% .6 7.E*( /)&, *( @/ &0(%-'& '( )/ /0)/ ( *( +,(*(%; &% /%(,-&,-'/'. T&7/%'& % %7(,& '( 0&*->/) / 352< % +/*& +&, 0&*< &%?->,/-;% /',/'/ &% % +-@ '( 1 = 16 '( +)>/'/ = 0&* '(% '-97(,& ((,-&, '( 1.25 -%. L&* '(?)(&,(* *&% +)//* ( *( &)&/% (% () )/'& '( )/ /,/*/ (
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+(,7-(% ( () ?)-'& -,)( )& 79* +(,+(%'-)/, +&*-0)( /) @/8 '( 0&* = (*& 7(&,/**/%-/)7(%( )/ ,/%*?(,(%-/ '( /)&,.
E) %7(,& '( '(?)(&,(* *( /))/ 7('-/%( )/ (/-;%:
N,= $)
D&%'(L(* )/ )&%>-' '( )&* 0&* =#de"(* )/ '-*/%-/ (%,( '(?)(&,(*.
E% )/* %&,7/* T.E.M.A. (-*(% % ,-(,-& +/,/ )/ '((,7-%/-;% '( )/ '-*/%-/ 7%-7/ = 79-7/(%,( '(?)(&,(*. A* )/ '-*/%-/ 7%-7/ (%,( '(?)(&,(* *( '(?-%( &7& )/ 7/=&, '( )/* '-*/%-/**->-(%(*:
2 -% .5 7
15 '() '-97(,& '( )/ /,/*/
E% (*( /*& /70&* /)&,(* *&% )&* 7-*7&*< +&, )& ( )/ '-*/%-/ 7%-7/ (%,( '(?)(&,(* *(,9 '(-(%( /0)/:
N&,7/* T.E.M.A. *(+/,/-;% 79-7/ (%,( '(?)(&,(*:
E% () /*& (% (*'-& )/ /)(/-;% (7+)(/'/ (* A(,& C/,+(%(, 2 M&K6< ( (* %/ /)(/-;% '( %()-' 7 .34
M/(,-/)A(,& C/,+(%(,
2M&K6
N7(,& '( +/*&* 1
I(,-')&)/- /, C)- 103
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P-@ 7 .3" P/*&*1
C&,,-(%( '( S/)-'/ F,/V
544
O,'(%/7-(%& C/',/'&C/,/(,*-/* '( )&*
D(?)(&,(*:
L&%>-' 7 .61N7(,& '(D(?)(&,(*
1
M/(,-/)A(,& C/,+(%(,
2M&K6 E*+(*&, 7.4"6
N7(,& '( +/*&* 1 E*+/-/7-(%& 7 ."13
APENDICE A: OJAS DE SEGURIDAD E IMPACTO AMBIENTAL.FORMALDEHIDO
PROPIEDADES FISICAS ! UIMICASP,* M,')- / &,,-(%( ',/%( 15 7-%< 7/%(%-(%'& )&* +/,+/'&*/0-(,&* = &%*)/, % 7'-&.
C()' '() &,
L//, &% />/ &% />/ &,,-(%( ',/%( 15 7-%< -/, ,&+/< &%*)/, /) 7'-& *-+(,*-*( )/ -,,-/-;%.
O-* -&,*+* S*/%-/ &%*-'(,/'/ /%(,>(%/
[OBTENCION DEL FORMALDEHIDO A PARTIR DE METANOL.] Pgina 41
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PROTECCION PERSONALP-,''&( -,*&-)-&) U*/, 7/*/,-))/ &% /,@& 7-&P-,''&( /, )(* U*/, >/%(* '( %(&+,(%& ( -7+(,7(/0)(
P-,''&( /, &, R&+/ -7+(,7(/0)( = 8/+/&* -%'*,-/)(*P-,''&( /, H* U*/, >&)(* / +,(0/ '( @&,,&
RIESGOS DE FUEGO O EPLOSIONM,/&* /, ,&('&( N-(0)/ '( />/< CO2-,) ,( ,&+-. M)(,(,-*, '(-) , K&,(. M)(,(,- ) )* ,-*()* &((,',*)-&)*),H)/)*.R,*)/* /, ) C*&(.C,** &'* /, ')-( '&,(, &/,+-)/), ,( '(',(-)'&(,* *%&'&,(,,(, /&&/)*. C(',(-)'&(,* ,(-,50 200 +@ ,( )+) *( %)),* )-) ) K&/) )'>&') *,-&-
-
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F-)*,* R:R 25: T;-& +&, -%>(*-;%.R 43: P&*-0-)-'/' '( *(%*-0-)-8/-;% (% &%/&&% )/ +-().R 40:N&-&R 34: P,&&/ (7/',/*.
S 23:N& ,(*+-,/, )&* /+&,(*.F-)*,* S:S 36@ 37: e*(*( -%'7(%/,-/ = >/%/* '(+,&(-;% /'(/'&*.S 26: E% /*& '( &%/& &% )&* &&*< )9(*(-%7('-//7(%( &% />/ /0%'/%( = /'/*( / %M'-&.
I%?)/7/0-)-'/' 4. M/(,-/)(* ( *( /+&,-8/%,9+-'& & &7+)(/7(%( / )/ (7+(,/,/ /+,(*-;% /7&*?,-/ /70-(%/)< & ( *( '-*+(,*/%= *( (7(% ?9-)7(%( (% () /-,(.
S/)' 3. M/(,-/)(* ( 0/& &,/ (+&*--;%+('(% /*/, '/J&* (7+&,/)(* & +(,7/%(%(*/
INFORMACIONES RELATIVAS A LA ELIMINACI#NM('-&* '( ()-7-%/-;% '() +,&'&: R(*+(/, )/* %&,7/-/* )&/)(* = %/-&%/)(*. D-*+&%(, ()+,&'& / ()-7-%/, (% % ,//'&, /&,-8/'& '( ,(*-'&*.M('-&* '( ()-7-%/-;% '( )&* (%/*(* */'&*: D-*+&%(, )&* (%/*(* / ()-7-%/, (% % ,//'&,/&,-8/'& +/,/ * ()-7-%/-;% & -%-%(,/-;%.
INFORMACIONES RELATIVAS AL TRANSPORTE
ADR@RID N ONU: 22 E&,): 22 C)*,: IMDG: CAD @ IATA:
METANOL
PROPIEDADES FISICAS ! UIMICASP,* M,')- /,>/%/ = ,/&
,(*+-,/&,-&.
[OBTENCION DEL FORMALDEHIDO A PARTIR DE METANOL.] Pgina 43
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I(+,*&( L/ -%>(*-;% +('( +,&'-, )&* *->-(%(* (?(&*: '&)&, '( /0(8/< 7/,(&< &%?*-;%7(%/)< %/*(/< ;7-&< '-/,,(/. D&*-* ?//) '( 1 / 125 7-)-)-,&*.
C()' '(* H*
F(,(7(%( -,,-/%(< /,/(,-8/'& +&, *(%*/-;% '( (7/',/< (%,&(-7-(%& (-%?)/7/-;%. E) )-'& & )&* /+&,(* +('(% /*/, -,,-/-;% '( )/ &%%-/< =+&*-0)( '/J& '( )/ ;,%(/.
C()' '() &,
C&%/&* 0,((* %& *&% -,,-/%(*. C&%/&* ?,((%(* & +,&)&%>/'&* +('(% -,,-/,= +,&'-, ,(*(('/' '( )/ +-() & />,//, '(,7/--* =/ (-*(%(*. L/ /0*&,-;% /,/* '( )/ +-() +('( *(, %/ / *->%-?-/-/ '( (+&*--;%.
S*)('&) '(*&/,-)/) ' ')-'&(+,()EMERGENCIA ! PRIMEROS AUILIOS
I())'&( M(/ / )/ -7/ / '&%'( *( ,(*+-,( /-,( ?,(*&. A+)-( ,(*+-,/-;% /,-?--/) *- )/-7/ %& ,(*+-,/ & )& @/( &% '-?-)/'. M/%(%>/ / )/ -7/ (% ,(+&*& = &%(7+(,/,/ &,+&,/) %&,7/). N& ' ,(*+-,/-;% 0&/ / 0&/. O0(%>/ /='/ 7'-/-%7('-//7(%(.
I(+,*&( S- () +/-(%( (*9 &7+)(/7(%( &%*-(%( = /)(,/< ' / 0(0(, /0%'/%( />/+/,/ '-)-, () &%(%-'& (*&7//)< /70-% +('( *7-%-*,/, 2 / 4 /8/* '( )(@(. S-
@/= '-?-)/' (% )/ ,(*+-,/-;% *7-%-*,( &>(%&. O0(%>/ /='/ 7'-/-%7('-//7(%(.
C()' '(* H*
L9(*( -%7('-//7(%( )&* &&* &% />/ (% /0%'/%-/ ',/%( 7%-7& 2 7-%&*,/% /%-'/' '( />/< *( /0;% *- @/= '-*+&%-0)(.!(*( )/ ,&+/ &%/7-%/'/ -%)=(%'& 8/+/&*< %/ (8 ( *( @/ &7(%8/'& ())//'&. A*(>,(*( '( )//, 0-(% )/ ,&+/ /%(* '( ,(*/,. P,&,( /(%-;% 7'-/ *- )/-,,-/-;% +(,*-*(.
RIESGOS DE FUEGO ! EPLOSIONI%(%'-& = E+)&*-;% L-'& -%?)/7/0)(< +('( )-0(,/, /+&,(* ( ?&,7/% 7(8)/*
-%?)/7/0)(* / )/ (7+(,/,/ '( ->%--;% & 79* /)/. L&* /+&,(* +('(%?&,7/, 7(8)/* (+)&*-/* &% () /-,(
M('-& +/,/ (-%>-, ()?(>&
U*( />/ (% %(0)-%/ +/,/ (%?,-/, )/* *+(,?--(* (+(*/* /) ?(>& =+,&(>(, /) +(,*&%/). D((%>/ () ?)& '( X() &70*-0)( /) ?(>&. E%/*& '( ( %-%>%/ ?>/ & '(,,/7( *( @/=/ (%(%'-'&< /+)-( />/ (%%(0)-%/ +/,/ '-*+(,*/, )&* /+&,(* = (-/, %/ +&*-0)( ,( ->%--;%.
IMPACTO AMBIENTALB&/,+-)/)&&/)/ & *, /&-&+&-> ) ) %)*, )-,) ) *, ) )+) *,-%&'&) ) )+) *,-->(,) ',-') /, *&&[OBTENCION DEL FORMALDEHIDO A PARTIR DE METANOL.] Pgina 44
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)(, ( *, )*-, &,( ,( *,* *,/&,(*. E M,)( +,(,-),(, ( ,-)(,', ,( ,)&,(, ' &, ) , ,* /,+-)/)/ ->&/),(, ) -)* **)('&)* &')* -&'--+)(&** ,( , *, *, ,K)-) /,*/, )+)* *,* *,-%&'&),* /(/, ,/, *,-/,+-)/)/ - ) 8 *)- -* ',** ,( , )&-,. S, ,*&) ( &, /, K&/) ,/&) /,,(* /, 17. /)*. E* ,&+-* )-) ) K&/) )'>&') ,( ))* '(',(-)'&(,*.
P&'+-))*:
T: T;-& I: -%?)/7/0)(
3
F-)*,* R:R 11: F9-)7(%( -%?)/7/0)(.R 23@24@25: T;-& +&, -%@/)/-;% = +&, -%>(*-;% =(% &%/& &% )/ +-().
R 39@23@24@25: T;-&: +()->,& '( (?(&*-,,((,*-0)(* 7= >,/(* +&, -%@/)/-;%< &%/&&% )/ +-() ( -%>(*-;%.F-)*,* S:S 1@ 2: C&%*,(*( 0/& ))/( = 7/%%>/*( ?(,/'() /)/%( '( )&* %-J&*.S 7: M/%%>/*( () ,(-+-(%( 0-(% (,,/'&.S 16: C&%*(,/, /)(/'& '( &'/ ))/7/ & ?(%( '(@-*+/*KN& ?7/,.S 36@37: *,(*, &(/,()-&) +)(,* /,-,''&( )/,')/*.
S 45: E% /*& '( /-'(%( & 7/)(*/,< /'/*(-%7('-//7(%( /) 7'-& *- (* +&*-0)( 7(*,( )/(-(/.
I%?)/7/0-)-'/' 3. L-'&* = *;)-'&* (+('(% (%(%'(,*( (% /*- &'/* )/* &%'--&%(*
'( (7+(,/,/ /70-(%/).
S/)' 1. M/(,-/)(* ( /*/% -,,-/-;%< +(,&*&)& '/J&* ,(*-'/)(* 7(%&,(* /% (% /*(%-/ '(,//7-(%& 7'-&.
I%(*/0-)-'/' R(/--'/' . M/(,-/)(* (+&, * *&% %&,7/)7(%( (*/0)(* /% (%&%'--&%(* '( -%(%'-& = ( %& ,(/-&%/% &%() />/.
INFORMACIONES RELATIVAS A LA ELIMINACIN
M,/&* /, ,&&()'&( /, -/':N& '(0( *(, (,-'& (% '(*/>f(* (% /%-'/'(* -7+&,/%(*+&*-0)( /7)/-;% '( /+&,(* -%?)/7/0)(*
MANIPULACIN Y ALMACENAMIENTO
M)(&)'&(: E-/, () &%/& &% )&* &&*< = )/ +-(). E-/, ,(*+-,/, )&* /+&,(*. U-)-8/,@(,,/7-(%/* '( &7/K7(*,/* '( 7/(,-/) /%-'(?)/>,/%(.A)',()&,(: E) /)7/(%/7-(%& (% /%(* '(0( @/(,*( (% -%*/)/-&%(* ( 7+)/% )/%&,7/--'/' *&0,( 7/(,-/* -%?)/7/0)(* = +()->,&*/*. S- *( /)7/(%/ (% ,(-+-(%(* /)(* &7&0-'&%(*< (*&* '(0(% (*/, 0-(% (,,/'&* (% % )>/, ?,(*& = *(&< = (% %/ 8&%/ 0-(% (%-)/'/ )(&*'( ?(%(* '( /)&, ?(,(* = ?(%(* '( ->%--;%. E) (-+& ( -%*/)/-&%(* (),-&* '(0(% 7+)-, )/*%&,7/*.
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ACIDO FORMICO
PROPIEDADES FISICAS ! UIMICASP,* M,')- )P( /, &(%))'&( /,
(%-)/'&. M/%(%(, (% ,(+&*& = /0,->/'&. A+)-/, ,(*+-,/-;% /,-?--/) (% /*& '(-%*?--(%-/ ,(*+-,/&,-/. R((,-, /*-*(%-/ 7'-/.
I(+,*&( L//, -%7('-//7(%( )/ 0&/ = 0(0(, +&*(,-&,7(%( /0%'/%( />/ & )(@( /
+((J&* *&,0&* +/,/ '-)-, () />/. N& +,&&/, () ;7-&. B*/, /='/ 7'-/.C()' '(* H*
L//, &% /0%'/%( />/ 7/%(%-(%'& )&* +/,+/'&* /0-(,&* ',/%( 1 7-% /-*/,/) &?/)7;)&>&.
C()' '() &,
L//, -%7('-// = /0%'/%(7(%( &% />/ &,,-(%( ',/%( 15 7-%&* = &% )&*+9,+/'&* /0-(,&*. R((,-, /*-*(%-/ 7'-/.
RIESGOS DE FUEGO ! EPLOSIONI%(%'-& = E+)&*-;% E//, = /-*)/, () 9,(/ '( +()->,&. R(*,-%>-, () /(*& / +(,*&%/*
-%%((*/,-/* = *-% )/ '(0-'/ +,&(-;%. U0-/,*( / ?/&, '() -(%&.
M('-& +/,/ (-%>-, ()?(>& P&)& 7-& *()&< (*+7/ +/,/ /)&@&)< '( /,0&%&. E) *& '( />/+('( ,(*)/, -%&?(%*-&.
IMPACTO AMBIENTALE* +(,'--/) +/,/ -'/ /9-/. P,((%-, )/ (%,/'/ / &,,-(%(* = ?(%(* '( />/.E-/, )/ &%/7-%/-;% '( '(*/>f(< />/* *+(,?--/)(*< *0(,,9%(/*< /* &7& () *()&. E% /*& '(+,&'-,*( /,-&* (,-'&* & *- &%/7-%/ )/>&*< ,&* = /)/%/,-))/*< -%?&,7/, / )/* /&,-'/'(*&7+&%(%(*
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P&'+-))*:
C&,,&*-& 3
F,/*(* R: 35 P,&&/ (7/',/* >,/(*.F,/*(* S: 23K26K45 N& ,(*+-,/, )&* /+&,(*. E%/*& '( &%/& &% )&* &&*< )9(%*( -%7('-// =/0%'/%(7(%( &% />/ = /'/*( / % 7'-&.E% /*& '( /-'(%( & 7/)(*/,< /'/-%7('-//7(%( /) 7'-&
I%?)/7/0-)-'/' 2. M/(,-/)(* ( '(0(%/)(%/,*( 7&'(,/'/7(%( & (+&%(,*( /(7+(,/,/* /)/* /%(* '( ( &,,/ )/ ->%--;%.
S/)' 3. M/(,-/)(* ( 0/& &,/ (+&*--;%+('(% /*/, '/J&* (7+&,/)(* & +(,7/%(%(*/
MANEJO ! ALMECENAMIENTO
M/%(&
M/%-+)/, = /0,-, () &%(%('&, &% -'/'&. U*/, (-+& '( +,&(-;% +(,*&%/). P,&((, '( *?--(%(-%(,/70-& '( /-,( =& (*/+( (% )&* 970-&* '( ,/0/&. E% /*& '( (%-)/-;% -%*?--(%( -)-8/,% (-+& '( ,(*+-,/-;% /'(/'&
A)7/(%/(
M/%(%(, /)(/'& '() ?(>&< *+(,?--(* /)-(%(*< ?(%(* '( ->%--;%< = '( )/ )8 *&)/,. M/%(%(,/)(/'& () 7/(,-/) &70*-0)( = (-/, +,&'&* 0/*(*. A)7/(%/, (% /%(* &,->-%/)(* ,(*-*(%(* /)/-'&. E) 9-'& ?;,7-& +('( ?&,7/, CO ',/%( /)7/(%/7-(%&.
E)-7-%/-;%
L&* &%(%('&,(* '(0(% '( *(, %(,/)-8/'&* /%(* '( '(*(@/,*( /&,'( &% )/* )(>/)-8/-&%(* )&/)(*
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APENDICE B: COSTOS ! ESTUDIOS DE MERCADO.
COSTOS
COMPUESTO COSTO-(%(* /0)/*
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T/0)/ 3. C&*&*
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E-*(% 7@/* -%'*,-/* ( *('('-/% / )/ +,&'-;% '( ?&,7/)'(@'&' /, * '**.
L&* C&*(* $(%(,/)(* *( '((,7-%/% &7& )/ /+&,/-;% '( )&* C&*(* '( F/0,-/-;% = )&*
C&*(* '( $(*-;% '( )/ )%(/ '( +,&(*& &0(%-%'&*( /* )&* C&*(* '( P,&'-;%
E% )&* C&*(* '( F/0,-/-;% @/= ( &%*-'(,/,:
M/(,-/* P,-7/*
M/%& '( &0,/ '-,(/
S(,--&* >(%(,/)(*
- A>/
- E)(,--'/'
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T/0)/ ". E+&,/-&%(* / %-() 7%'-/).
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C&*& '( 7/(,-/ +,-7/
L/ 7/(,-/ +,-7/ 09*-/ (* () M(/%&)< /70-% *( '(0( &%*-'(,/, () &*& '() //)-8/'&, '() ,(/&, =() &*& +&, />/. E% )/ *->-(%( /0)( *( +,(*(%/ () &*& +&, 7/(,-/ +,-7/< (* '( '(*//, ( ()
&*& '( 7/(,-/ +,-7/ &%(7+)/ () &*& +&, ,/%*+&,(.
M/(,-/+,-7/
F)&T&%/J&
P,(-& '(7/(,-/ +,-7/h>
C&*& 7/(,-/+,-7/USD/J&
M(/%&) /%->,/7/ '( )/ +)/%-))/ '( ,/0//'&,(* ( *( 7(*,/ (% )/ *->-(%( ?->,/:
[OBTENCION DEL FORMALDEHIDO A PARTIR DE METANOL.] Pgina 51
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$r%ani%rama de la empresa
L/ +)/%-))/ '( ,/0//'&,(* (*9 &7+(*/ +&,:
D-,(&, >(%(,/): 1 ,/0//'&,
$(,(%( = '-,(-&*: 4 ,/0//'&,(*
A'7-%-*,/-&*: ,/0//'&,(*
O+(,/,-&*: 3 ,/0//'&,(*
E% )/ *->-(%( /0)/ *( '(*>)&*/ () */)/,-& '( )&* '-?(,(%(* ,/0//'&,(* = *( &0-(%( () &*& '( 7/%&'-,(/.
P(*& T,/0//'&,(*
S()'&7(%*/) C&*& /%/)
USD/J&
P(*&*7(*D-,(&, 1 "5
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O+(,/,-&* 7/%(%-7-(%& 12 13/ '( ,(?,->(,/-;% (7+)(/'/ (% )&* -%(,/70-/'&,(*'( /)&, = (% () ,(/&,.
C&%*-'(,/%'& () &*& '() />/ '() (*/'& '( !(,/,& '( 13. +(*&* +&, 7(,& 0-& & 0-(% .3';)/,(* +&, 7(,& 0-&.
E-+& C&%*7&>*
C&%*7& /%/)73/J&
C&*& /%/)h/J&
R(/&, 4.1 132135.4 16"2."5I%(,/70-/'&, 2.41 "61."6 631.46I%(,/70-/'&,2
."" 31.6" 255"2.6
A 7&'& '( ((7+)& *( +,(*(%/ () &%*7& /%/) '( />/ +&, () ,(/&,
C&% )/ -%?&,7/-;% '( )/ /0)/ /%(,-&, *( +('( &%&(, () &%*7& &/) /%/) '() />/ +&, )&*(-+&* +,-%-+/)(*< () 9) (*< 23< 4
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B&70/ $K12 25B&70/ $K23 "B&70/ $K34 2S&+)/%( SK11 "5S&+)/%( SK12 "5S&+)/%( SK13 "5
A>-/'&, MK31 15C&%*7& &/) 24.14
S( -(%( % &%*7& '( ()(,--'/' '( 24.14 < &+(,/%'& 52 *(7/%/* /) /J& &%-%/7(%( *( -(%(% &%*7& '( (%(,>/ '( 21".4 @.
E) 9))& *( ,(/)-8/ &%*-'(,/%'& )&* &*&* '( (%(,>/ (),-/ +/,/ )/ ,(>-;% (%,& (% M-&-;%C/,>& +&, -)&G/ '('(7/%'/ ?/,/0)(
C/,>& +&, @ '((%(,>/ '( +%/
C/,>& +&, @ '((%(,>/ -%(,7('-/
C/,>& +&, @ '((%(,>/ '( 0/*(
C(%,/)h 13." h 1.4122 h ."325 h .6512
C&%*-'(,/%'& )&* ,/%>&* '( ?/,/-;% 0/*(< -%(,7('-& = +%/ &7& *( 7(*,/ (% )/ /0)/ *->-(%(= /70-%< &%*-'(,/%'& 52 *(7/%/* +&, /J& = ( )/ +)/%/ &+(,/ &%-%/7(%( ',/%( () /J&.
&a'la horario de "ac)uraci0n de *
E) &*& +&, >(%(,/-;% '( (%(,>/ (),-/ /%/) (* '( 326
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CONCLUSION
E% () +,(*(%( ,/0/& *( +,&+*& % 7&'& '( +,(+/,/-;% '() ?&,7/)'(@-'& = +/,/ () /) *( &( ,(/)-8/, % /%9)-*-* 7= &7+)(& '( )/* '-*-%/* 7(&'&)&>/* '( +,(+/,/-;% '( (*( +,&'& /*&7& )/* (%//* = '(*(%//* ( +,(*(%/% /'/ %/ '( ())/*< &7(%8/%'& '(*'( () +%& '( -*/(&%;7-&< )&* (-+&* %((*/,-&* +/,/ '-@/ +,&'-;% @/*/ () -7+/& /70-(%/) = )/ +()->,&*-'/'( ,(+,(*(%/% () *& '( ,(/-&* +/,/ /'/ %/ '( )/* +&*-0)(* +,(+/,/-&%(* = '( )/ 7-*7/ 7/%(,/)&* +,&'&* = & *0+,&'&* ( *( >(%(,/, (% /'/ /*& = '-@& /%9)-*-* (* )/ 0/*( *;)-'/ +/,/ )/
&7/ '( '(-*-;% '( 9) '( )/* +&*-0)(* ,/* (* 79* &%(%-(%(.
S( +('( &%)-, ( () -+& '( +,&(*& ()(>-'& +/,/ ( *( '(*/,,&))/,/ () +,(*(%( ,/0/& ?( () '(//)-8/'&, '( ;-'&* '( 7(/)(* '(0-'& +,-%-+/)7(%( / ( )/ &%(,*-;% (* 7/=&, ( (% () /*& '()//)-8/'&, '( +)// /%( '( (*( )-7& +,&(*& *( -(%( 7/=&, -%?&,7/-;% ,(>-*,/'/ (% )/0-0)-&>,/?/< /* 7-*7& / ( /) @/(, )/ &7+/,/-;% '( )/ +&*-0)( &+(,/-;% '( %/ +)/%/ &7& *&%)/* &%'--&%(* '( +,(*-;% = (7+(,/,/< )/ ?/0,-/-;% '( *0+,&'&* /)-&*&* ( /%( *(+,&'8/% (% 7(%&, /%-'/' +('/% (%(, % /)&, 7&%(/,-& &%*-'(,/0)(-'& (% (*( ,/0/&.
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